China - Agricultural Technology Transfer Project : environmental assessment (Vol. 2 of 6) : Pest management plans for major crops in the Shaanxi Project area

Page 1 1 Pest Management Plans for Major Crops of Shaanxi Project Area, World Bank Agricultural Technology Project E1010 v.2 Page 2 2 Cotents 1. Provincial plan of diseases and pests management 1.1 Management of institution and its function 1.2 Pesticide Presentation 1.3 Occurrence and controlling of disease and pest in item province 2. Management Plan of diseases, pests and weeds in project area 2.1 The new controlling measures 2.2 List of pesticides recommended: 2.3 Management of diseases, pests and weeds in the experimental area 2.4 Training of diseases and pests management technology 2.5 Results evaluation and report of management plan 3. Concrete measures 3.1 Enforce the prediction of diseases and pests 3.2 Enforce the pesticides management. 3.3 Enforce training farmers 3.4 Compensate the loss of farmers 3.5 Strengthen the research on IPM Management plan of Hanyin sub-project 1. Agriculture fundamental information 2. Major diseases and pests analyzation in mulberry fields. 2.1 Diseases 2.2 Pests. 3. Measures Design of IPM 3.1 Pre-Protection, Enforcing integrated control 3.2 Control measures Page 3 3 4.Control measures for main diseases and pests 4.1 Mulberry sclerotinia rot 4.2 Mulberry dwarf 4.3 Mulberry small weevil 4.4 Mulberry yellow tail moth 4.5 Kill trunk and branch insects with insecticide 5. Project content and implementation 5.1 Project Organization 5.2 Establishment of diseases and pests prediction system 6. Monitoring and evaluation of the system 7. Achievement extentsion 7.1 Decrease chemical fertilizer 7.2 Decrease application of pesticide, cease high-toxicity pesticide application 7.3 Increase yield and improve quality 1. Plan of Grape IPM Sub-project 1.1 Current cultivation status in project area 1.2 Status analysis of main pests 1.3 Consist of the mainly pest 2.2 Loss caused by diseases and pests 2.3 Evaluation of control measures 3. Integrated control measures to main diseases and pests 3.1 Principles 3.2 Control measures 3.3 Reasonable use of chemical pesticides 3.4 Control measures comparison before and after project Page 4 4 4. Construction content and implementation 4.1 Organization 4.2 Forecast system construction 4.3 Training of plant protection agents and demonstration household 5. Monitoring and evaluation Page 5 5 Provincial plan of diseases and pests management 1 Management of diseases, pests and weeds in Shaanxi province 1.1 Management of institution and its function Management system of diseases and pests, constituted of four levels of country, province, city and town, has been conducted in China at present. Every institution manages the diseases and pests, supervises pesticides quality, detects residual of pesticides according to its duty. Agro-technical Extension Center of China is the top management institution, responsible for forecasting of the diseases and pests, IPM, extension of pesticides and instruments, and plant quarantine. Agriculture Ministry Pesticide Detecting Institution, in charge of the pesticides register, quality inspection and residual detection, is the management of pesticides in country level. In order to legally manage production, operation and sale of the pesticide, and diseases and pests, Pesticide Management Ordinance and Plant Quarantine Ordinance were enacted by the State Council, Enforcement Measures of Pesticides Management Ordinance and Enforcement Particulars of Plant Quarantine Ordinance were constituted by the Ministry of Agriculture. At the same time, Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-technical Extension Center of China had framed serial criteria, prescripts and measures of diseases and pests forecasting, IPM, pesticides management and plant quarantine, which had been widely conducted and more effective in specification controlling, legally application of the pesticide. In recent years, the Ministry of Agriculture had conducted action, including air pollution treatment, agricultural resources utilization and watering cleanly, to insure the agricultural product quality in the whole country. High poisonous pesticides were forbidden to register or cancelled on the basis of reinforcing management to five high-poisonous organophosphor pesticides ( methamidophos etc.) by Ministry of Agriculture. ( 1 ) forbidden pesticides: Agrocide, DDT, Toxapene ( 3956 ), Dibromochloropropane ( BBC 12 ), Chlordimeform, Fluoroacetamide, Gliftor, Tetramine ( TME ), Sodium fluoroacetate (1080), Silatranes (RS 150), Nitrofen (FW 925), Alandrin, Dieldrin, Arsenic, Lead, TF 128;( 2 ) pesticides forbidden or limited using in vegetable, fruit tree, tea and Chinese traditional medicine : Dichlorvos (DDV), Methamidophos, Methyl paraoxon, Paraoxon, Monocrotophos, Phosphamidon, Phorate, Isofenphos-methyl, M82, Sulfotep, 1059, Carbofuran, Aldicarb, Phenamiphos, Phosfolan, Coumaphos, Fonofos, Isazofos and Dicofol were forbidden to use in tea trees. All of the pesticides were confined using only within the registered range. Page 6 6 Shaanxi Plant Protection Station was the institution in province level, which managed the diseases and pests of crops plants in Shaanxi province, responsible for the inspecting of diseases, pests, weeds, rats, and its forecast, framed the integrated controlling criterion and directed farmer to conduct, researched, developed and extended the new plant protection technique, recommended to farmers the practicable pesticides ( safe, effective, low-poisonous, low residual ). Shaanxi Pesticide Manage-Detecting Institution was the institution in province level, which was responsible for the registering, supervising, managing the labels, inspecting the incompetent pesticides including non-certificate, counterfeit, and the transferential production, supervising application safely, auditing ad. and detecting the pesticide residual. City ( country ) Plant Protection Quarantine Station was the institution in city ( country ) level, which managed the local diseases and pests of crop, responsible for the pre-alarming to local diseases, pests, weeds and rats, recommending the pesticides to farmers, managing of the integrated controlling, supervising the pesticides market, directing the use of pesticides and techniques of nuisancefree production, detecting the pesticide residual. Town Agro-technical Integrated Service Station was the institution in town level, which was responsible for the investigation of diseases, pests, weeds and rats in local town, directed farmers to control the diseases, pests, weeds, rats according to criterion published by higher agency, recommended practicable pesticides to the farmers on the basis of local condition, supervised the local pesticides quality and reported the results to the superior agency. 1.2 Pesticide Presentation At present, the plan, direction and supervision of pesticide production are responded by Chemical Industry Department of Chinese State Council. Province Chemical Industry Department issued the certificate and documents of pesticides production to the local agency. The management to pesticide industry was enforced, which led the industry structure of pesticides develop scientifically and internationally. The pesticide industry dealt with the production legally according to the criterion. At present there are more than two thousands industries and ten thousands pesticides all over the country. There are above forty pesticide industries in Shaanxi province and the production could reaches 1,5000 tons. The agency which sold the pesticides included the agricultural resources company, Agro- technique station, plant protection station, soil and fertilizer station, institution of forest diseases and pests controlling, the direct agency of the company. The industry wholesaled pesticides to the shopkeeper and the latter sold them to farmers. Above 100 pesticides, Page 7 7 including insecticides 35%, fungicide 40%, herbicide 10~15% and other 10%, were sold, one which had the certification entirely could be protected, otherwise, forbidden. 1.3 Occurrence and controlling of disease and pest in item province 1.3.1 Occurrence: Wheat: Pests included underground pests, aphids, red spider, gall midge. Wheat diseases included stripe rust, sharp eyespot, leaf blotch, powdery mildew, head blight. The epidemic level of wheat stripe rust has significant difference in different years. The wheat head blight occurred in some years. Seeds in wheat field included cleavers, etc. Rice: Pests included rice grasshopper, rice leaf folder, rice caddice fly, rice moth borer, paddy borer. In recent 2 years, rice grasshopper and moth borer have more serious tendency. Diseases included rice blast, sheath blight, false smut. Seeds in rice field included Cockspur grass, etc. Maize: Pests included corn borer, corn red spider, corn thrips, underground pests, corn cutworm moth, common army worm. Diseases included corn leaf spot minor, northern leaf blight, corn dwarf mosaic, physiological disease. Seeds in maize field included Cynosarus grass, etc. Fruit tree: Pests includes red spider, scale, scarab, leaf miner, leaf roller, aphid. Diseases included valsa canker, gloeosporium rot, powdery mildew, leaf spot, perennial canker, physiological disease. Weeds in orchards included Indigo plant, Inferior meal, Asiatic plantain, etc. Vegetable: Pests included aphid, red spider, underground, cabbage caterpillar, common army worm, thrips, leguminous pod-borer, cucurbit leaf beetle, turnip, leafhopper, leaf beetle, cricket. Diseases included downy mildew, anthrancnose, powdery mildew, virus, white rot, etc. Weeds in vegetable field included cockspur grass, Purslane, etc. 1.3.2 Controlling Wheat : The controlling strategy should be conducted according to the actual occurrence of diseases and pests on the basis of resistant cultivars. Seeds coated with pesticides should be applied to prevent the soil insect according to the species. Mites should be mainly controlled in early spring. Resistant cultivars should be used to control rust disease and powdery mildew at the initial stage in local sites. Disease and pests in early stage should be conducted with the techniques of