Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission E877 Volume 2 Hunan Urban Development Project Consolidated Environmental Assessment February 2004 Mott MacDonald Demeter House Station Road &Am 0 Cambridge CB1 2RS u Tel 01223 463500 E |O ? Fax 01223 461007 Coiisolidated Environmen[al Assessment DRAFT 03/3/Febnjarv 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commnission Hunan Urban Development Project Consolidated Environmental Assessment Issue and Revision Record Rev Date Originator Checker Approver Description (Print) (Print) (Print) (Signature) (Signature) (Signature) CAP JFS B February 2004 Second Issue (Draft) Consolidated Environmental Assessment DRAFT 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission Table of Contents 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................... 1-1 1.1 Hunan Urban Development Project (HUDP) Background ................................................. 1-1 1.1.1 Flooding Problems in the TThree Cities ................................................. 1-2 1.1.2 Surface Water Pollution in Hunan Province ................................................. 1-3 1.1.3 Pollution Control Action Plan of Hunan Provincial Government ................................................. 1-3 1.1.4 Relationship of HUDP and Tenth Five-Year Plan Objectives ................................................. 1-8 1.1.5 EA Production ................................................. 1-8 1.2 Description of the Study Area ................................................. 1-9 1.2.1 Economy of Hunan Province ................................................. 1-9 1.2.2 Regional Water Resources ................................................. 1-10 1.2.3 Water Resources of Project Cities ................................................. 1-10 1.2.4 Domestic Water Supplies and Utilisation ................................................. 1-11 1.2.5 Sewerage Systems ................................................. 1-12 1.2.6 Solid Waste Disposal ................................................. 1-13 1.2.7 Flood Prevention ................................................. 1-14 1.2.8 Energy Structure ................................................. 1-15 1.3 Policy, Legal and Admninistrative Framework ................................................. 1-16 1.3.1 Laws and Regulations ................................................. 1-16 1.3.2 Project Documents ................................................. 1-17 1.3.3 EIA Category ................................................. 1-18 1.3.4 EIA Scope ................................................. 1-18 1.3.5 EIA Standards ................................................. 1-19 1.4 Sensitive Points and Protection Targets ................................................. 1-22 1.5 The Need for the Project ................................................. 1-25 1.5.1 Necessity of PC I ................................................. 1-25 1.5.2 Necessity of PC2 ................................................. 1-25 1.5.3 Necessity of PC3 ................................................. 1-26 1.5.4 Necessity of PC4 ................................................. 1-26 1.5.5 Necessity of PC6 ................................................. 1-27 1.6 Assessment Objectives, Criteria, Parameters ................................................. 1-27 1.7 World Bank EA Preparation Requirements ................................................. 1-28 1.8 EA Participants ................................................. 1-29 1.9 EA Organisation ................................................. 1-29 2 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT ........................................ 2-1 2.1 HUDP Project Components ........................................ 2-1 2.1.1 Component Summary ................................................ 2-1 2.1.2 Functional Planning of CZT Corridor ................................................ 2-1 2.1.3 Related Projects ................................................ 2-2 2.2 Project Development ................................................ 2-3 2.2.1 World Bank Water Resources Principles ................................................ 2-3 2.2.2 Final Component Selection and EA Categorisation ................................................ 2-4 2.2.3 Role of the HUJDP Project in Achieving Provincial Objectives ................................................ 2-4 Consolidated Environmental Assessment DRAFT 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission 2.3 Details of Hunan HUD P C omponen t Projects .......................................... 2-5 2.3.1 PC 1, Corridor Component .......................................... 2-5 2.3.2 PC2, Changsha Wastewater Component .......................................... 2-10 2.3.3 PC3, Zhuzhou Clean Coal Component .......................................... 2-17 2.3.4 PC4, CZT Logistics Centre Component ........................................... 2-18 2.3.5 PC 6, Zhaoshan Scenic Area Component .......................................... 2-19 2.3.6 Technical Assistance .......................................... 2-21 2.4 Finance and Economics of Proposed Projects .......................................... 2-22 2.4.1 General .......................................... 2-22 2.4.2 Capital Costs .......................................... 2-22 2.4.3 Operating Costs .......................................... 2-22 2.4.4 Cost Estimate Summary .......................................... 2-22 2.4.5 Financial and Economic Analyses .......................................... 2-24 2.4.6 Implementation Programme .......................................... 2-25 2.4.7 Institutional Issues .......................................... 2-26 3 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT .3-1 3.1 Physical Environment ............................ 3-1 3.1.1 Geographical Location ............................ 3-1 3.1.2 Geology/Soils and Topography ............................ 3-1 3.1.3 Climate and Meteorology ............................ 3-2 3.1.4 Air Quality ............................ 3-4 3.1.5 Noise ............................ 3-7 3.1.6 Surface and Groundwater Hydrology ............................ 3-9 3.1.7 Regional Water Pollutant Sources ............................ 3-13 3.2 Biological Environment ............................ 3-14 3.2.1 Flora ............................ 3-15 3.2.2 Fauna .............................3- 15 3.2.3 Mineral Resources ............................ 3-16 3.2.4 Scenic Resources ............................ 3-16 3.2.5 Special Issues ............................ 3-16 3.3 Socio-cultural Environment ............................ 3-16 3.3.1 Hunan Province ............................ 3-16 3.3.2 Changsha ............................ 3-17 3.3. 3 Xiangtan ............................ 3-17 3.3.4 Zhaoshan ............................ 3-18 3.3.5 Zhuzhou ............................ 3-18 3.4 Areas of Special Designation ............................ 3-18 3.4.1 Endangered Flora and Fauna ............................ 3-18 3.4.2 Historic and Cultural Sites ............................ 3-19 3.4.3 Parklands or Other Special Sites ............................ 3-19 3.4.4 Watershed Protection Zones ............................ 3-19 4 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND PROBLEMS .4-1 4.1 Water and Environmental Institutional Arrangements .......................................... 4-1 4.1.1 The National Level .......................................... 4-1 4.1.2 The Provincial Level .......................................... 4-3 4.1.3 The City and County Level .......................................... 4-3 4.2 Attainment of Goals, Standards, Regulations .......................................... 4-3 4.2.1 Flood Protection and Drainage Standards .......................................... 4-4 4.2.2 Road Standards .......................................... 4-5 4.2.3 Surface Water Quality .......................................... 4-6 Consolidated Environmental Assessment DRAFr 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission 4.2.4 Water Supplies, Treatment and Distribution ............................................. 4-8 4.2.5 Wastewater Collection and Septic Tanks ............................................. 4-8 4.2.6 Wastewater Discharges - Domestic Sewage ............................................. 4-9 4.2.7 Wastewater Discharges - Industrial Pollution ............................................. 4-12 4.2.8 Sludge Disposal for Septic Ta nks and WWTP .............................................. 4-12 4.2.9 Solid Waste Collection and Disposal ............................................. 4-13 4.2.10 PC2 Water Quality Improvements ............................................. 4-13 4.2.11 PC3 Air Emission Control ............................................. 4-13 4.2.12 Policy Attainability Due to HUDP Components ............................................. 4-14 4.2.13 Summary ............................................. 4-17 5 DETERMINATION OF THE POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT . 5-1 5.1 Typical Impacts of Flood Control Projects ............................................. 5-2 5.1.1 Positive Impacts ............................................. 5-2 5.1.2 Negative Impacts ............................................. 5-3 5.2 Typical Impacts of Road Construction Projects ............................................. 5-3 5.2.1 Positive Impacts ............................................. 5-3 5.2.2 Negative Impacts ............................................. 5-3 5.3 Typical Impacts of Water Pollution Control Projects ............................................. 5-4 5.3.1 Positive Impacts ............................................. 5-4 5.3.2 Negative Impacts ............................................. 5-5 5.4 Positive Impacts of the Specific HUDP Components ............................................. 5-5 5.4.1 PC I, Corridor Component ............................................. 5-5 5.4.2 PC2, Changsha Wastewater Component ............................................. 5-9 5.4.3 PC3, Zhuzhou Clean Coal Component ............................................. 5-10 5.4.4 PC4, CZT Logistics Centre Component ............................................. 5-13 5.4.5 PC6, Zhaoshan Scenic Area Component ............................................. 5-13 5.4.6 Summary of Project Positive Impacts ............................................. 5-14 5.5 Potential Short Term Construction Impacts ............................................. 5-14 5.5.1 Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) ............................................. 5-15 5.5.2 Quarry/Spoil ............................................. 5-16 5.5.3 Noise ............................................. 5-18 5.5.4 Dust ............................................. 5-20 5.5.5 Transportation ............................................. 5-21 5.5.6 Safety Issues ............................................. 5-22 5.5.7 Sensitive Sites and Public Facilities ............................................. 5-22 5.5.8 Wastewaters ................................................ 5-22 5.5.9 Ecological Impact Analyses ............................................. 5-23 5.5.10 Summary of Potential Construction Phase Impacts ............................................. 5-25 5.6 Potential Operational Phase Impacts ............................................. 5-25 5.6.1 Flooded Areas ............................................. 5-25 5.6.2 Road Operations ............................................. 5-26 5.6.3 Tourist Operations ............................................. 5-26 5.6.4 General Water Environment ............................................. 5-26 5.6.5 Sewage Overflows (Collection, Pump Stations, WWTP) ............................................. 5-31 5.6.6 Industrial Waste Upsets ............................................. 5-32 5.6.7 Ecological Environment ............................................. 5-32 5.6.8 Air Quality Impacts ............................................. 5-33 5.6.9 Noise ............................................. 5-37 5.6.10 Odours ............................................. 5-39 5.6.11 Effluent Water Quality Impact ............................................. 5-41 5.6.12 Solid Waste and Sludge Treatment And Disposal ............................................. 5-43 5.6.13 WWTP O&M Problems ............................................. 5-44 Conisolidaled Environmental Assessment DRAFr 03/B/Februarv 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission 5.6.14 WWTP Organic Loading and Standards .................................................. 5-44 5.6.15 Summary of Potential Operational Phase Impacts .................................................. 5-45 5.7 Potential Project Risks .................................................. 5-45 5.7.1 Risks of PC I Corrid or Component .................................................. 5-46 5.7.2 Risks of PC2 .................................................. 5-46 5.7.3 Risks of PC3 .................................................. 5-49 5.7.4 Risks of PC4 .................................................. 5-49 5.7.5 Risks of PC6 .................................................. 5-49 5.7.6 Summary of Project Risks .................................................. 5-51 5.8 Secondary and Cumulative HUDP Impacts .................................................. 5-51 6 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES TO THE PROPOSED PROJECT .6-1 6.1 Introduction .......................................... 6-1 6.2 PCI Flood Embankment and Roadway Options .......................................... 6-1 6.2.1 No Project Options .......................................... 6-1 6.2.2 Flood Embankment Options .......................................... 6-2 6.2.3 Scenic Road Options .......................................... 6-5 6.3 Alternatives Reviewed in PC2 Project Development .......................................... 6-12 6.3.1 No Project Alternatives .......................................... 6-12 6.3.2 Interception Ratio .......................................... 6-12 6.3.3 Pipe Materials .......................................... 6-13 6.3.4 Collection System, Pump Stations and Pressure Mains .......................................... 6-14 6.3.5 Number of WWTPs .......................................... 6-15 6.3.6 WWTP Site Selection .......................................... 6-16 6.3.7 Wastewater Flows and Capacity of the WWTP .......................................... 6-17 6.3.8 The Quality of Wastewater to be Treated .......................................... 6-17 6.3.9 The Use of Septic Tanks .......................................... 6-18 6.3.10 Treated Effluent Standards .......................................... 6-19 6.3.11 The Degree of Treatment .......................................... 6-19 6.3.12 Wastewater Treatment Options .......................................... 6-20 6.3.13 WWTP Sludge Disposal .......................................... 6-21 6.4 PC3 Clean Coal Options .......................................... 6-23 6.4.1 No Project Options .......................................... 6-23 6.4.2 Project Sites for PC3 .......................................... 6-23 6.5 PC4 Logistics Centre Options .......................................... 6-24 6.5.1 PC4 Project Location .......................................... 6-24 6.5.2 Wastewater Treatment Options .......................................... 6-24 6.6 PC6 Zhaoshan Scenic Area Options .......................................... 6-25 6.6.1 Roads and Features .......................................... 6-25 6.7 Summary and Conclusions .......................................... 6-25 7 MITIGATION AND MONITORING MANAGEMENT PLANS .7-1 7.1 Mitigation and Monitoring of the Implementation of Mitigation .................................................. 7-1 7.1.1 Construction Phase .................................................. 7-2 7.1.2 Operation Phase .................................................. 7-12 7.2 HEPRI Environmental Monitoring Plan .................................................. 7-18 7.3 Institutional Responsibilities .................................................. 7-18 Consolidated Environmental Assessment DRAFr 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission 7.3.1 Management Institutions: Project Management Office System .................................................. 7-19 7.3.2 Supervision Institutions .................................................. 7-19 7.3.3 Executive Institutions .................................................. 7-20 7.4 Equipment and Training Requirements .................................................. 7-20 7.5 Impacts and Costs of Plan .................................................. 7-20 7.6 Long-term Monitoring of the Performance of HiUDP .................................................. 7-21 7.6.1 Performance Indicators .................................................. 7-21 7.6.2 Annual Environmental Quality Report .................................................. 7-21 7.6.3 Environmental Monitoring Reporting .................................................. 7-27 7.6.4 Access to Data .................................................. 7-28 8 PUBLIC PROCESS AND EA PUBLIC PARTICIPATION .8-1 8.1 Meetings with Public Officials in Developing Project and EA ............................................... 8-1 8.2 Consultation of Public Officials and Citizens in Project Area ............................................... 8-2 8.2.1 Objectives ............................................... 8-2 8.2.2 PCI ............................................... 8-2 8.2.3 PC2 ............................................... 8-3 8.2.4 PC3 ............................................... 8-4 8.2.5 PC4 ............................................... 8-6 8.2.6 PC6 ............................................... 8-7 8.2.7 RAP Public Participation ............................................... 8-8 8.2.8 Summary of Investigation and Analysis of Pubic Consensus ............................................... 8-10 8.3 EA Public Disclosure ............................................... 8-17 8.3.1 Outline of Program ............................................... 8-17 8.3.2 Results of Public Disclosure ............................................... 8-18 8.4 Summary of Public Input ................................................ 8-18 9 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS .......................... 9-1 9.1 Project Summary ........................... 9-1 9.2 General Conclusions ........................... 9-1 9.3 Related Projects ........................... 9-2 9.4 Positive Impacts ........................... 9-2 9.4.1 PC I Corridor Component .................................................. 9-2 9.4.2 PC2 Changsha WWTP Component .................................................. 9-3 9.4.3 PC3 Clean Coal Component .................................................. 9-4 9.4.4 PC4 Logistics Centre Component .................................................. 9-4 9.4.5 PC6 Zhaoshan Scenic Area Component .................................................. 9-5 9.4.6 Additional Potential Benefits .................................................. 9-5 9.5 Potential Construction Phase Negative Impacts and Mitigations .................................................. 9-5 9.5.1 Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) .................................................. 9-5 9.5.2 Quarry/Spoil .................................................. 9-6 9.5.3 Channel Silt .................................................. 9-7 9.5.4 Noise .................................................. 9-7 9.5.5 Dust .................................................. 9-8 9.5.6 Transportation ......... : 9-9 9.5.7 Safety Issues ......... 9-9 9.5.8 Sensitive Sites and Public Facilities ......... 9-10 Consolidated Environmental Assessment DRAFr 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission 9.5.9 Wastewaters ............................................... 9-10 9.5.10 Ecological Impact Analyses ............................................... 9-11 9.6 Potential Operation Phase Negative Impacts and Mitigations ............................................... 9-13 9.6.1 Flooded Areas ............................................... 9-13 9.6.2 Road Operations ............................................... 9-13 9.6.3 Tourist Operations ............................................... 9-13 9.6.4 General Water Environment ............................................... 9-13 9.6.5 Sewage Overflows (Collection, Pump Stations, WWTP) ............................................... 9-14 9.6.6 Industrial Waste Upsets ............................................... 9-15 9.6.7 Ecological Environment ............................................... 9-15 9.6.8 Air Quality Impacts ............................................... 9-16 9.6.9 Noise ............................................... 9-18 9.6.10 Odours ............................................... 9-19 9.6.11 Effluent Water Quality Impact ............................................... 9-20 9.6.12 Solid Waste and Sludge Treatment And Disposal ............................................... 9-21 9.6.13 O&M Problems ............................................... 9-22 9.6.14 Organic Loading and Standards ............................................... 9-22 9.7 Potential Project Risks ............................................... 9-23 9.8 Secondary and Cumulative HUDP Impacts ............................................... 9-23 9.9 Alternatives ........................................ 9-24 9.9.1 PC 1 Flood Embankment and Roadway Options ....................................... 9-24 9.9.2 PC2 Options ........................................ 9-25 9.9.3 PC3 Options ........................................ 9-26 9.9.4 PC4 Options ........................................ 9-26 9.9.5 PC6 Options ........................................ 9-26 9.10 Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan ....................................... 9-26 9.11 Public Process ....................................... 9-27 9.11.1 Public Participation ....................................... 9-27 9.11.2 Public Disclosure ....................................... 9-27 9.12 Conclusions and Recommendations ....................................... 9-28 Consolidated Environmental Assessment DRAFT 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission Abbreviations and Acronyms ATP Ability to pay AEQR Annual Environmental Quality Report BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demanid CB Coal briquette CDAO C/ian gsha Drainage Administration Office CEDI Changsha Munlicipal Engineering Design Institute CHP Cultural heritage plan CMDC Chian gsha Municipal Drainage Company COD Chemical oxygen demand CPUB Changsha Public Utilities Bureau CSO Combined sewer overflow CZT Cliangsha - Zhuzhou Xiangtan CTZ EIO Changsha-Xiangtan-Zhuzhou Economic Integration Office CZTILC CZT International Logistics Co Ltd CUDIC Changsha Urban Development Investnent Co., Ltd CWM Coal water mixture CMG Changsha Municipal Government DO Dissolved oxygen DRA Design, review & advisory consultant DWF Dry weatherflow (sewage) DG Domnestic garbage EA Environment assessment EIA Environment impact assessment EIO Ecological Integrated Office EIRR Economic internal rate of return EMP Environmental management plan ENFI ENFI Beijing Central Engineering & Research Institute for Non- ferrous Metallurgical Industries EEB Ecologic and economic belt FEF Front-end fee FIRR Financial internal rate of return FSR Feasibilitv study report HIECC Hunan International Engineering Consulting Company HPPDC Hunan Provincial Planning and Development Commission HUDP Hunan Urban Development Project HZCCC Hunan Zhuxi Clean Coal Co Ltd HEPB Hunan En vironimental Protection Bureau HEPRI Hunan Environmnental Protection Research Institute HUEIAC En vironmental Impact Assessment Centre of Hunan University lAs Implementing agencies ICB Internzational competitive bidding IDC Interest during construction IDP Institutional development plan IDS Interest during construction INS International or banational shopping IST Institutional strengthening and training LAR Land acquisition and resettlement Consolidated Environmental Assessment DRAFI 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission LC Leading consultanzt LG Leading group MOC Ministry' of Conistrluction MOF Ministry of Finance mu Chinese mu ( Ilhectare equals 15 mnu) NCB National competitive bidding NCEDRI North China Municipal Engineering Design Researclh Institute NPV Net present value NPC National People 's Congress NDRC National Development and Reform Commission O & M Operation and maintenance OD Oxygen demand PAD Project Appraisal Document (WB) PAP Project affected person PC Project cornponent PIP Project implementation plan PIU Project implementation unit PLG Project leading group PMO Project management office (Municipal level) PPMO Provincials project management office PPP Project procurement plan PRC People's Republic of China PS Pumping station PV Present value RAP Resettlement action plan RMB Chinese currency (Yuan) SDPC State Development and Planning Commission SEPA State Environment Protection Administration SS Suspended solids SWDC Solid Waste Disposal Company TA Technical assistance TOR Terms of reference TP Total phosphorous TN Total Nitrogen VOc Vehicle operation cost TVIE Township and village industrial enterprise UDIC Urban Development Investment Company Ltd. UTU Undertaking Unit (si ye dan wei) WB World Bank (International Bank for Reconstruction and Development) Wsc Water Supply Company WTP Willingness to pay WW Wastewater WWTP Wastewater treatment plant ZTTDC Zhaoshan Tourism and Trade Development Corporation ZSA Zhaoshan Scenic Area Consolidated Environmental Assessment DRAFT 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Hunan Urban Development Project (HUDP) Background Hunan Province has sought World Bank assistance for the Hunan Urban Development Project (HUDP). which will contribute to sustainable urban development in the Changsha-Xiangtan-Zhuzhou (CZT) region through selected investments to address priority needs, capacity building and institutional development. It is currently proposed that the loan application be presented to the Bank Board for approval in June 2004. The HUDP proposed the following priority investments: * PCI - The Corridor Component, to improve flood control measures and develop recreational (scenic) roads on/along the embankment, in four selected sections of the three municipalities. * PC2 - The Changsha Wastewater Component, to increase the percentage of sewage treated in the urban areas of the municipality, and to develop the Changsha Municipal Drainage Company (CMDC) into an autonomous public utility operating on commercial principles. * PC3 - The Zhuzhou Clean Coal Component, to reduce air pollution through the production and sale of low sulphur coal and ensuring its use. * PC4 - The CTZ Logistics Centre Component, to better utilise Zhuzhou's locational advantages as a major transport hub and to create employment opportunities. * PC5 - Xiangtan No. 4 Bridge Component, to provide for a continued smooth flow of traffic across the Xiangjiang River in Xiangtan in the medium term. (The Xiangtan No.4 Bridge Component has been removedfrom the Project) * PC6 - Zhaoshan Scenic Area Component, to conserve and improve the surroundings of eight old temples and historic relics, old trees and plantations, and supporting infrastructure for visitors. Institutional development and capacity building will complement the investment components through the provision of technical assistance. Capacity building and training for the CZT Economic Integration Office is also an important project component. The general locations of the project components are shown in Figure 1.1, while Figure 1.2 provides a more detailed map of the CZT project area showing the proposed HUDP components. China Water Resources Context Water resources (PCI flood control) and water quality (PC2 wastewater treatment) are important targets of the HUDP. The following summary information on water pollution has been obtained from the World Bank 2001 report entitled "China: Air Land Water" and provides a contextual background to the HUDP. The general characteristics of the resource in China include: great overall volume, imbalance spatial-temporal distribution, lower volume of the water resources per capita and unit- cultivated land and the serious water deficiency in some areas especially the northern areas. Aiming at the main problems of water pollution prevention in China, the new strategy of water pollution prevention in the future in China will be mainly as follows: * To further enhance industrial pollution controls and reduces industrial pollutant discharge. Consoildated Environmental Assessment 1-1 DRAFr 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission * To speed up the construction of urban sewage treatment plants and reduce the pollution on the environment caused by domestic sewage. * To conduct comprehensive pollution treatments in river basins so as to solve the water problems in trans-jurisdiction areas. * To carry out study and monitor on rural non-point source pollution and control the water pollution caused by agriculture production activities and night soils of poultry farms. * To keep enhancing the control on township and village industrial enterprises (TVIEs) by restructuring the industrial structure and other policies in order to prevent the rebounding of pollution caused by TVIEs. * To carry out water conservation strategy and total pollutant load control. The major measures include: water conservation and water pollution control at the sources; to implement total pollutant load control in important industrial sectors and reduce the pollutant discharge efficiently; to focus on environmental quality in controlling water pollution in river basins and conduct total pollutant load control; to promote pollution discharge permit system for the important pollution sources and to conduct total pollutant load control in the whole production process. Due to its geographical location, China is endowed with weather events of strong spatial and seasonal variations. The annual precipitation amount ranges from more than 2000 mm in Southeast to less than 200 mm in Northwest. In fact, the Great Wall, the frontier between nomadic and agriculture societies, can be viewed as a divide between regions with and without sufficient water resources for agriculture planting. In majority of China, 60% - 80% precipitation occurs during the summer season. The highly concentrated precipitation events naturally lead to two frequent water problems: either too much water (flooding) or too little water (drought). 1.1.1 Flooding Problems in the Three Cities The Xiangjiang River is a main south-north flowing tributary of the Changjiang (Yangtze) River, beginning at Longmenjie at the Haiyangping in Lingui County of Guangxi province, and entering into Hunan Province at Dong'an after joining together branch streams. It ultimately flows into Dongting Lake at the mouth of Haohe River of Xiangyin County, after passing through Hengyang, Zhuzhou, Xiangtan and Changsha. Dongting Lake is a convergence point for several rivers, also receives floodwaters from the Yangtze during the flooding season. The Xiangjiang River connects the CZT urban districts from south to north forming a "C" shape with the total length from Majiahe River to Zhaoshan being 42km. The control catchment area of the Xiangtan Hydrological Station is 81,638km2. The watershed areas of Nalian River and Juanshui River on the left bank of the Xiangjiang River are respectively 7,155km2 and 1,767km2. The storm centre of the Xiangjiang valley is mainly localised in the area at Guidong in the south-east of Hunan and the north-east of Liuyang River, due to cyclonic rain with occasional typhoon rain. The rainfall quantity from April to June accounts for 40% of the whole year, and the highest rainfall occurs in May. According to local statistical information, the flood frequency of 69.7% as measured at the Xiangtan hydrology station originates from the area above Hengyang. Because the whole valley essentially responds to the same storm area, the flood frequency of the main river is basically the same as major tributaries. The maximum-recorded flow measured in Xiangtan Hydrological Station is 20,800m3/s and the highest recorded water level 39.67m. The flood generally occurs from April to September, floods occur frequently, and the flood peak following upon the heels of, heavy flood peak flow, rising fast with a long duration and it is very serious for embankment security. Consolidated Environmental Assessment 1-2 DRAFT 03/13/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission 1.1.2 Surface Water Pollution in Hunan Province During 1996-2000 (the Ninth Five-Year-plan period), environmental pollution and ecological de_radation trends were somewhat improved from the past conditions, while the Provincial GDP grew at rate of 9.71V. Eleven out of the 12 major pollutants discharged, (SO2. smoke dust, industrial dust, COD. industrial solid wastes, oils. Hg, Cd. Pb, As, Cr"6, CN-). were lower than that of the Eighth Five-Year-Plan period, with industrial solid wastes higher. Increased discharges of domestic sewage are continuing to pollute surface water in the CZT region, particularly the river sections in urban areas. Industrial discharges have been better controlled but continue to cause local water quality problems. In 2000, the discharge of COD from domestic sewage became higher than the discharge of COD from industrial wastewater. Also in 2000, the EPB reported that the quality of surface water in Hunan Province can be summarised as follows: majority of the river sections complying with Grade IV; a few sections complying with Grade III; small proportion of sections complying with Grade I or Grade II. Grade V water conditions occur occasionally, especially during the dry season. Averaged water pollution indices for various parameters greatly fluctuated (generally with river flow season variability) though water quality in 2000 was better than the past. 1.1.3 Pollution Control Action Plan of Hunan Provincial Government From 1996 to 2000, GDP, per capita GDP and financial revenue annually increased by 9.7% and 9% and 9.3% respectively, and the proportion of urban population grew by 18.25%. Environmental protection is being developed in a coordinated way with the society and economy. The environmental quality is evolving from the overall deterioration and partial improvement experienced five years ago, to basic control of the deterioration, and some cities and areas are much improved. The environment protection has made positive contributions to the continual, rapid and healthy development of the economy in Hunan Province. Although investment input in the ninth five-year plan on environmental protection accounted for 0.75% of GDP (0.35% higher than that of the eighth five-year plan), Hunan is still faced with such environmental protection challenges as: * Serious urban air pollution and acid rain pollution; * Water pollution, particularly in the sections of river passing through cities, which imposed threaten to the safety of drinking water sources for some urban areas; * Increased urban garbage and solid waste pollution, disturbance of noise to residents; * Ecological deterioration; and * Macro-economic pressure on environmental protection. In the period of the Tenth Five-year Plan, the economy in Hunan is planned for fast growth at average annual growth rate of 9%. Economy of Hunan Province will enter into an accelerated industrialisation, agricultural industrialisation and urbanisation process. Energy demands will rise continually. In the near future, the structural pollution due to industrial economy, which was based on resource exploration, cannot be changed fundamentally in a short period. The task of industrial pollution abatement is quite difficult. In addition, the progress of urbanisation is accelerating, the urban population is becoming more dense, generation of domestic wastewater and rubbish increases by a big margin, tail gas pollution of vehicles becomes more outstanding, and the pressure of urban environmental infrastruclure demand is severe. Moreover, along with the economic development in rural areas and improvement of living standards of farmers, the countryside and Consolidated Environmental Assessment 1-3 DRAFr 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission natural ecosystems will face heavier environmental pressures. If no effective measures are adopted, the development of the economy and society in Hunan province will be restrained, and the health of the people threatened. During the period of the Tenth Five-year Plan, the Provincial EPB indicates that the main actions of pollution control are planned as follows: 1. In the process of urbanisation, comprehensive environmental renovation will be strengthened with more emphasis on the control of air, water and solid waste pollution to create a sound environment and improve living quality. * Following the law of natural ecology, rationally define the right size, the development orientation, the spatial distribution of the cities and restructured industries in cities to improve environmental functions of cities. * In the light of local conditions, speed up the construction of such urban environmental infrastructure such as sewage treatment plants; solid waste disposal sites, centralised heating and gas supply systems. * Enhance urban comprehensive environmental renovation to improve the level of urban management * Strictly protect the sources of drinking water supply to ensure safety of cities drinking water supply. * Adjust urban energy structure to phase out the direct use of raw coal. No heavy polluting industries could be allowed to be located in the new urban districts. Techniques enabling vehicles to use cleaner fuel will be encouraged to control the pollution from tail gas. * Strictly limit the whistling of automobiles, trains in urban districts and supervise noise from industrial activities and social activities to control noise pollution. 2. In combining with the strategic economic restructuring, industrial pollution control throughout the whole processes will be practical, technical renovation will be enhanced to phase out those inefficient enterprises, production processes and equipment. Clean production process will be actively promoted and all the industries should comply with discharging standards in an all-round way. Pay close attention to pollution abatement in major industries. Stress pollution control in major industries, such as energy (coal and power generation), metallurgy (ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy), chemical industrial, building material and light industrial to achieve the goal that industrial output value increase while pollution decrease. 3. Control pollution from agricultural non-point sources and livestock and prevent pollution from town/township owned enterprises (TVIE) to improve environmental quality in rural areas. * Vigorously develop ecological agriculture, organic agriculture and water-saving agriculture and promote the production of organic food, green food and pollution-free food. * Control non-point sources pollution due to irrational application of chemical fertilisers and pesticides. * Popularise the comprehensive use and disposal of livestock excrement. * Carry out rural water supply project to ensure healthy safety of centralised water supply in towns and villages. Improve environmental infrastructure in towns/townships collect and treat pollution. * While accelerating the development of small towns, environmental function zoning of towns will be clearly defined by rational planning. Restructuring of TVIE would be accelerated to Consolidated Environmental Assessment 1-4 DRAFT 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission promote such enterprises to be located in the designated industrial zone, and avoid the ttansferring of polluting and inefficient industries from entering into small towns. 4. Directed by China's Ecological Environment Conservation Program, eco-environment conservation work will iocus on the Lake Dongting, the headwater of the four river systems and western region of Hunan Province. Measures will be taken to return farmland to woodland, return farmland to lakes to reverse ecological deterioration trend. * Carry out rescuing conservation works in the important special ecological function zones. * Carry out compulsory conservation works in key resources exploitation zones. * Carry out positive conservation works in good ecological environment zones. 5. Environmental protection in focused regions * Six cities of Changsha, Zhuzhou, Xiangtan, Yueyang, Zhangjiajie and Changde, three industrial districts in Qingshuitang and Yuetang, and Shuikoushan and four headwaters of the four river systems (the Xiangjiang River, the Zhi River, the Yuan River and the Lishui River), one river (namely the Xiangjiang River) one lake (namely Lake Dongting) and one prefecture (namely Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Minority Nationality Autonomous Prefecture) are identified as the important regions for comprehensive urban environmental renovation, industrial pollution control, water pollution prevention and control, water resources conservation and ecological reservation respectively. 6. Investment for environmental protection. * Toward the goal of sustainable development of society and economy in Hunan, and to improve environmental conditions, the estimated environment protection investment would be 14.7 billion Yuan during the period of the Tenth Five-year Plan (which account for about 1.05% of GDP, 0.30 percentage point higher than that of the Ninth Five-Year Plan period). According to the spirit of Outline of the Tenth Five-year Plan for Development of Economy and Society in Hunan, Hunan Development Planning Commission and Hunan Environmental Protection Bureau worked out the Tenth Five-year Plan for Environmental Protection in Hunan, which included the provincial environmental objectives as below: * By 2005, a sound environmental protection institution and management system led by government, promoted by market, participated by public within the legal system will be further improved. * Environmental pollution will be mitigated 'year by year' and ecological conservation and improvement will make significant achievement. * Environment Quality in general will be stabilised with some improvement. Environment quality in the major cities and regions will be improved. Main indicators are listed below: * Total amount of pollutants control indicators: o Emission of sulphur dioxide (SO2) will be controlled below the 690,000 ton/year; o Emission of dust (including soot and industrial dust) will be controlled below 970,000 ton/year; o Discharging of COD will be controlled below 628,000 ton/year; o Discharging of ammonia nitrogen will be controlled below 133,500 ton/year; Consolidated Environmental Assessment 1-5 DRAFr 03/3/Februar 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission o Discharging of industrial solid waste will be controlled below 1.25 million ton/year. * Industrial pollution control indicators: o Emission of S02 will be controlled below 559,500 ton/year; o Emission of soot will be controlled below 354,200 ton/year; Li Emission of dust will be controlled below 560,000 ton/year; o Discharging of COD will be controlled below 355,500 ton/year; o Discharging of cadmium, mercury, lead will be controlled below 16.6 ton/year, 1.23 ton/year, and 111.55 ton/year respectively. L Discharging of ammonia nitrogen will be controlled below 65,000 ton/year; o Recycling of industrial water will be higher than 55%; o Multi-purpose utilization of industrial solid waste will be higher than 50%. * Urban environmental protection indicators: o Air quality in more than 65% of the capital cities of prefecture level municipalities meeting Chinese national air standard for grade II o Surface water quality in more than 75% of the capital cities of prefecture level municipalities meeting Chinese national water quality standard for grades that fit to the designated functions. L Road traffic noise and environmental noise in more than 50% of the capital cities of prefecture level municipalities meeting Chinese national standard. L Urban domestic sewage treatment rate should be 40%; o3 Urban residents' gas supply coverage should be 85%; o The rate of sanitary disposal of urban domestic rubbish treatment without harmful effects should be 60%; i The green surface rates in constructed urban areas should be 35%. * Eco-environment conservation indicators: o3 Controlled soil erosion area should be increased by another 8,000 kM2; o3 Forest coverage should be 54%; Li Natural reserve area should be increased by another 250,000 hectares, and total natural reserve areas should occupy 5% of total land area; Li The rate of ecological recovery and treatment in mining area should be more than 25%. * Rural environmental protection indicators: Li Water quality of sources of centralised water supply basically should comply with environmental quality standard; Li The rate of wastewater treatment for designated-size livestock farms should be 60%; o The rate of no-stalk-burning in banned stalk-burning region should be 95%. * Environmental protection indicators for the focused regions: Consolidated Environmental Assessment 1-6 DRAFr 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission J Quality of water. air and acoustic environment in the six focused cities of Changsha. Zhuzhou, Xiangtan. Yueyang. Zhangjiajie and Changde should comply with the Chinese national standard that fit to their designated functions; the rate of residents' gas supply coverage, domestic sewage treatment and domestic rubbish treatment without harmful effects should be higher than 95%7c, 50%7c and 65'7 respectively; Table 1-1 provides relative Environmental Protection Indicators for the Cities of Changsha Zhuzhou and Xiangtan. Table 1-1 Environmental Protection Indicators for the Cities of Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan Item Changsha Zhuzhou Xiangtan SO, (10,000 t/a) Goal in 2005 6.04 6.82 4.83 Reduction rate % -20.0 -30.2 -6.4 Soot(10,000 t/a) Goal in 2005 4.16 4.50 4.35 Reduction rate % -17.8 -15.9 -15.7 Industrial dust Goal in 2005 6.02 3.00 3.00 (10,OOOt/a) Reduction rate % -20.6 -18.3 -18.5 COD Goal in 2005 5.18 4.10 3.37 (l0,OOOt) Reduction rate % -11.3 -18.2 -14.7 NH3-N(10,OOOt/a) Goal in 2005 1.09 1.57 0.68 Hg (t/a) Goal in 2005 0.03 1.02 0.00 Reduction rate % -0.0 -51.4 0.0 Cd (t/a) Goal in 2005 0.63 1.89 1.14 Reduction rate % 0.0 -36.4 -30.1 Pb (t/a) Goal in 2005 2.78 6.88 8.27 Reduction rate % 0.0 -6.8 -34.5 Industrial solid Goal in 2005 6.30 11.95 9.50 waste (l0,OOOt/a) Reduction rate % -14.6 -14.3 -10.9 * Forest coverage at the upper streams of the four river system should be 65%; * Emission of SO2 discharging of mercury, cadmium and lead from the three focused industrial districts should be reduced by 43,000 ton/year, 1.23 ton/year, 8.0 ton/year and 43.07 ton/year respectively; * All the cities and major towns located along the trunk course of Xiangjiang River should have their 50% of sewage and 65% of rubbish be treated; water quality in urban sections of Xiangjiang River should comply with the standard that fit to the designated functions and water quality in the junction section between cities should comply with standard for Grade III; * Ecological function of the wetland of Lake Dongting should be recovered, biodiversity in Lake Dongting be reserved and eutrophication problem in Lake Dongting be slowed. Consolidated Environmental Assessment 1-7 DRAFT 03/B/Februarv 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission 1.1.4 Relationship of HUDP and Tenth Five-Year Plan Objectives Hunan Province is at the median of Chinese provinces on most economic criteria. Key indicators of Hunan with respect to other provinces are: seventh in population, twelfth in terms of gross domestic product; and seventeenth in GDP per capita, which is about 22 percent below national average. The Province has a significant agricultural base and is one of China's rice baskets. It possesses coal, iron, and timber resources, benefits from an abundant water supply, and is a major power producer. The western half of the Province is rural, mountainous, and poor, but cities in the eastern part are showing strong industrial growth. Changsha, the capital of Hunan, and the neighbouring cities of Zhuzhou and Xiangtan comprise the CZT region, which is clearly the economic engine of the province. The CZT region covers an area of 28,250 km2 and is generally flat (elevation 30m-40m) with hilly outcrops. The Xiangjiang River links the three cities. The population of the CZT region is projected to grow from the current 6.5 million to 10.2 million in 2020. The current national and provincial five-year plans envisage the CZT region to be a regional development centre of national importance. Hunan Provincial Government attaches considerable importance to the economic integration of Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan Cities, and has set up the CZT Economic Integration Office (EIO) for this purpose. The proposed HUDP project is an important part of the govemment strategy to promote this integration and sustainable urban development in the CZT Region. In particular, the PCI flood embankment and scenic road will connect the CZT cities and promote regional tourism and development. Some of the key issues affecting the development of the CZT Region include: frequent flooding of the Xiangjiang River; high levels of pollution in the Xiangjiang River, with the domestic pollution from Changsha requiring priority attention; air pollution due to the use of high sulphur coal; under-utilisation of Zhuzhou's potential as a transport hub; and underutilization of the potential of the riverfront and historical areas on the banks of Xiangjiang River for improved liveability. The objectives of HUDP (including the components related to energy, transportation, flood control, tourism, urban wastewater treatment and ecological improvement) are consistent with and foster the environmental objectives of the Tenth Five-year Plan. The HUDP will accrue benefits to the improvement of urban environment quality, water quality in Xiangjiang River, landscape ecology, the reduction of air pollution, the enhancement of flood control and the promotion of tourism development. It is a very important move in implementing CZT regional plan. The implementation of HUDP will advance integrated environmental and economic planning in the CZT region through improved flood protection and linked scenic resources, raise the levels of central wastewater treatment and; treating and reducing wastewater pollutant loads will help realise the control objectives of total pollutant discharge amounts; effectively controlling the environmental pollution tendency and meeting the standard of surface water during the period of the Tenth Five-year Plan. The appearances, styles and grades of the project cities can also be much upgraded through improved environmental planning, reduced air pollution and improved logistics services for the sustainable development of the province in the future. 1.1.5 EA Production The EIA Centre of Hunan Environmental Protection Research Institute (HEPRI) was responsible for compilation of the consolidated EIA report of HUDP. HEPRI and the EIA Centre of Hunan University (HUEIAC) prepared the component EIA reports. Table 1-2 provides details of the HUDP EA preparation agencies. Consolidated Environmental Assessment 1-8 DRAFT 03/B/Febmary 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission Table 1-2 Component ElAs and Assessing Agencies HUDP EIA Report Prepared By: Consolidated EIA of HUDP Hunan Environmental Protection Research Institute (HEPRI) PCI, Flood Control and Scenic Road Hunan University (HUEIAC) Corridor EA PC2. Changsha Wastewater EA Hunan Environmental Protection Research Institute (HEPRI) PC3, Zhuzhou Clean Coal EA Hunan Environmental Protection Research Institute (HEPRI) PC4, CZT Logistics Centre EA Hunan Environmental Protection Research Institute (HEPRI) PC6, Zhaoshan Scenic Area EA Hunan University (HUEIAC) Founded in 1970s, HEPRI is one of the earliest provincial-level research institutes in China. There is a staff of 156 in the institute, and 90% are professionals. There are about 60 individuals holding EIA certificates, 30 staff with senior professional titles, 45 staff with middle rank professional title. The institute is one of the agencies in China that has undertaken hundreds of research tasks at state-level, provincial-level and local-level related to research, EIA and pollution control project since its establishment, and won over 60 of achievement prizes in scientific research. The institute has passed the examination of the National Environmental Protection Bureau, and it holds a Grade 1 EIA Certificate (National Environmental Assessment Certificate Grade 1, NO. 2702). HEPRI has being particularly involved in the study of Xiangjiang River Basin and acid rain control, such as such as: Acid Rain Survey in Hunan, Soil Properties Study Along Xiangjiang Valley, Research on Acid Rain Prevention and Control Techniques, Research on Sulphur Dioxide Treatment Technology and Research on Sulphur Fixing Agents, Integrated Control Research of Xiangjiang River Pollution, Preliminary Research of Xiangjiang River Basin Precipitation and Dust, Effect of City Runoff Pollution to Xiangjiang River Water Quality, Research of Soil Background Environmental Features of Xiangjiang River Basin, Soil Environmental Background Value Research in Dongting Lake Area. 1.2 Description of the Study Area 1.2.1 Economy of Hunan Province The Xiangjiang river section between Hengyang and Chenglingji is 439 km in length. It is rich in rainfall, flat in gradient and stable in riverbed. There are excellent natural conditions for developing water transport. Regions along the river are scenic and rich in resources and advanced in agriculture and industry. Changsha, Xiangtan, Zhuzhou and Hengyang are located in the central region of the Xiangjiang River between Hengyang and Zhuzhou. The CZT region, located at downstream end of the Xiangjiang River, comprises a capital municipality and two municipalities under jurisdiction of Hunan Province, covering area of 28,106 km2 (Changsha 11819 kM2, Xiangtan 5015 kM2, Zhuzhou 11272 kim2), accounting for 13.3% to total Provincial area. The total population was 12.46 million in 2002. included 5.955 million in Changsha, 2.812 million in Xiangtan, 3.694 million in Zhuzhou, accounting for 19% of total population in Hunan Province. In 2002, regional gross domestic product (GDP) was 142.755 billion RMB (Changsha 81.285 billion RBM, Xiangtan 25.93 billion RMB, Zhuzhou 35.54 billion RMB), which constituted 32.9 per cent of total GDP of Hunan Province. It is an important economic, culture and science and technology focal area in the province and is a centre for political, economic and cultural life. There is a complete industrial system in this region, including Coirsolidated Environmental Assessment 1-9 DRAFr 03/1/'ebruar, 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission coal, chemical engineering, power, steel, metallurgy, construction materials, machinery, textile, food processing, fodder and leather, etc. The Chang-Zhu-Tan (CZT) region has also developed machinery processing and textile base, Lian-Shao coal and steel base, Hengyang non-ferrous industrial base, Lixian porcelain base and Liuyang-Liling fireworks base. Table 1-3 provides population and domestic output for the three cities as of 2002: Table 1-3 Population and Output for CZT Cities as of 2002 CZT City Population Total Domestic Output (million people) (billion Yuan) Changsha 5.955 81.285 Xiangtan 2.812 25.93 Zhuzhou 3.694 35.54 The CZT region has good transport facilities. Zhuzhou and Hengyang are railway terminals, while Changsha and Hengyang are main highway terminals in China. Additionally, Changsha is also a main river port terminal of China. The CZT cities are also well-connected by highway, rail and air transport with other provinces of China. 1.2.2 Regional Water Resources The Xiangjiang water system involves many rivers. The mountains in the south and the east are relatively high and the stream branches have relative large areas to develop, having formed a dendritic water system. Among the 14 branches, 9 branches run into Xiangjiang at the right bank. The Jinjiang River. Longwang Gang, Liuyang River, Laodao River and Woshui River enter into the Xiangjiang River at the section of Changsha. During the 20th century, more than 60 large and middle scale reservoirs were built, such as Dongjiang, Ouyanghai, Shuangpai and Shuimiao, etc, 9 of which are large scale reservoirs. The above reservoirs have the capacity of storing water for the area up to 358.28 km2 with regulating volume being 0.106 billion m3. Nevertheless, many of the reservoirs are located at the upper and middle valley of the branches, without regulating reservoirs at the main rivers. The World Bank funded Waterways II hydroelectric dam is currently being constructed on the Xiangjiang mainstream, upstream of Zhuzhou, and immediately upstream of the HUDP project. However, this new reservoir appears to have minimal flood protection capacity built into the planning. Water resources are relatively abundant in Hunan Province, as compared to many parts of China, but there is still a problem with insufficient water resources for assimilation of wastes, and overall poor water quality. The water quality of the Xiangjiang River has been deteriorating in recent years, and has been recently been very poor due to extreme low-flows during the winter of 2003-2004. This has been described earlier. Monitoring data is provided in Chapter 4. 1.2.3 Water Resources of Project Cities The status of water resources in the province and project cities was provided by HEPRI and is shown in Table 1-4. Consolidated Environmental Assessment 1 - 10 DRAFr 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission Table 1-4 Status of Water Resources in Project Cities Total Water Total Surface Total Water Resource Precipitation Groundwater Area Resource Water Resource Resource per capita (mmn/a) (B m3/a) (B m3/a) (M m3 (m3Ip/a) Changsha 1355.5 9.807 9.624 182.29 1682 Xiangtan 1317.2 3.913 - 1340 Zhuzhou 1412.2 10.328 - 2826 Water quality monitoring data and conditions are provided in Chapter 4. 1.2.4 Domestic Water Supplies and Utilisation Currently, the central water treatment plants (WTPs) within the ecologic and economic belt are mainly built in the urban areas of Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan. Except for the WTP of Changsha County, the WTPs in Changsha City all obtain surface water from the Xiangjiang River, with a total capacity of 1,160,000 m3/d, of which the Changsha County WTP takes up 60,000 m3/d and the Wangcheng County WTP takes up 70,000 m3/d. Xiangtan City has nearly 200 water suppliers, most being local enterprises owned for self-support. and 4 Municipal WTPs with a total supply capacity of 355,000 m3/d. There are 4 municipal WTPs in Zhuzhou City, with a total capacity of 1,250,000 m3/d, serving 88.9% of the residents. To ensure the safety of city water supply, HPG has defined "Drinking Water Sources Protection Zones" in Xiangjiang Basin (shown in Table 1-5). Figure 1.3 provides a map showing these zones in relationship to HUDP component projects. Table 1-5 Defined Drinking Water Sources Protection Zones In Hunan (For Sections In HUDP Project Area) No Water Body Protected Area Length Administration Protection (km) Class 20 Xiangjiang (main 1000 m upper and 200 m lower 1.2 Zhuzhou city course) reaches of the intake of No.4 WTW 21 Xiangjiang (main 200 m lower reach of intake of 1.8 Zhuzhou city 11 course) No.4 WTW to 1000 m upper reach of the intake of No. I ___ __ ___ __ __ W TW 22 Xiangjiang (main 1000 m upper and 200 m lower 1.2 Zhuzhou city I course) reaches of the intake of No. I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ W T W_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 Xiangjiang (main 200 m lower reach of intake of 5.0 Zhuzhou city II course) No.1 WTW to 1000 m upper reach of the intake of No. 2 WTW 24 Xiangjiang (main 1000 m upper reach of the intake 2.3 Zhuzhou city I course) of No.2 WTW to 100 m lower reach of No.3 WTW Consolidated Environmental Assessment 1-11 DRAFT 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission No Water Body Protected Area Length Administration Protection (km) Class 25 Xiangjiang (main from Xiangjiatang to 3.4 Xiangtan city, I course) Sheshangang (where planned Xiangtan county No.4 WTW locate at eastern side and a county WTW locate at western side) 26 Xiangjiang (main from Sheshangang to 1000 m 2.3 Xiangtan city 11 course) upper reach of the intake of No.2 WTW 27 Xiangjiang (main 1000 m upper and 200 m lower 1.2 Xiangtan city I course) reaches of the intake of No.2 WTW 28 Xiangjiang (main 200 m lower reach of the intake 8.3 Xiangtan city II course) of No.2 WTW to 1000 m lower reach of the intake of No. I WTW 29 Xiangjiang (main 1000 m upper and 200 m lower 1.2 Xiangtan city I course) reaches of the intake of No. I WTW 30 Xiangjiang (main 200 m lower reach of intake of 4.6 Xiangtan city II course) No. 1 WTW to 1000 m upper reach of the intake of No.3 WTW 31 Xiangjiang (main 1000 m upper the intake of No.3 1.5 Xiangtan city I course) WTW to 200 m lower reaches of the intake of Xiangfang WTW 32 Xiangjiang (main the boundary between Changsha 12.1 Changsha II course) and Xiangtan in Muyun town to 1000 m upper reach of the intake of No.2 WTW 33 Xiangjiang (main 1000 m upper reach of the intake 16.7 Changsha I course) of No.2 WTW to the end of Fujiangzhou sub-total 14 sections 62.8 class I 8 sections 28.7 class II 6 sections 34.1 . - 1.2.5 Sewerage Systems In the CZT region, the existing sewerage systems are available only in the constructed urban area in cities of Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan. While in rural area, all domestic sewage, partially controlled industrial wastewater and livestock excrement are discharged directly into water bodies, usually without sufficient wastewater treatment. In the city of Changsha, existing sewerage systems are formed into two systems that are divided by Xiangjiang River. Wastewater collection in Changsha city east bank area is generally based on the combined sewer system, in principle. The west bank area has no sewerage system now, and the sewage flows into open drainages, eventually entering the Xiangjiang River. Based on natural Consolidated Environmental Assessment 1-12 DRAFT 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission geographic condition, the eastern bank urban are planned to have seven drainage areas, including two served by existing WWTPs and collection and interception sewers with total length of 648 km. By 2010. the predicted wastewater tlow from these seven areas will be 564,000 m3/day with a serviced population of 1.56 million. City wastewater planning policy advocates a continuation of the policy to install combined sewers except in areas where separate foul and surface water sewer construction is feasible. According the statistics in year 2002, the total wastewater flow in Changsha was about 810,000 m3/d, including 308,000 m3/d of industrial wastewater and 502,000 m3/d of domestic sewage, of which about 320,000 m3/d are treated by the two existing municipal WWTPs (1 80,000/WWTP No. 1 and 140,000/WWTP No. 2). In Xiangtan City, the drainage system is a combined one; the total sewerage network is 335 km long. The statistics in 2002 showed that the total wastewater flow was about 320,000 m3/d, including 189,000 m3/d of industrial wastewater (84.8% reportedly meets standards), and 320,340 m3/d of domestic sewage. At present, Xiangtan possesses one existing municipal WWTP, the Shaoshan WWTP, which is capable of treating 6,000 cubic meters per day, and the East Bank WVVTP, which is under construction and will go into operation in 2004, and be capable of treating 100,000 m3/d. In Zhuzhou City, the drainage system in Zhuzhou is divided into two parts, the eastern part and the western part. The combined system is also used in the eastern part, the industrial wastewater is pre- treated by the polluters and discharged into the municipal drainage pipes with domestic sewage and finally discharged into Xiangjiang River. In the planned area of the western part, the rainwater and wastewater converge at the end of the pipelines and are discharged into Xiangjiang River or other water body nearby. In the unplanned area, old drainage pipelines of 391.070 km long are still in use. In 2002, the total wastewater flow in Zhuzhou was 843,000 m3/d, including 228,000 m3/d of industrial wastewater and 615,000 m3/d of domestic sewage. There are 2 existing WWTPs (Xiawan WWVTP, capable of treating 100,000 m3/d; and Dongjiaduan WWTP, 12,000 m3/d) and the Longquan WWTP under construction with planned treatment capacity of 60,000 m3/d in 2005 and 100,000 m3/d in 2010. In the suburban and rural area, the domestic and most of the industrial wastewater are directly discharged without any treatment, which causes severe pollution to the Xiangjiang River and groundwater. Many houses in the cities have septic tanks but many are too small and regular maintenance is not usually performed. The ultimate goal of all Hunan province cities is the complete separation of all sanitary sewers but funding limitations will mean that combined sewers with septic tanks will be utilised for many years. Some of the cities are purchasing vacuum trucks to maintain the tanks in the long period of time it takes to separate the entire sewer system. The current sewerage design is based on intercepting up to twice the average dry weather flow in the system, and overflowing the remainder to surface water during storm events. 1.2.6 Solid Waste Disposal In 2002, the sources and disposal of the solid wastes and Domestic Garbage in CZT Area are as shown in Table 1-6: Table 1-6 Sources and Disposal of Solid Wastes and Domestic Garbage in 2002 Industrial SW Output Industrial SW DG Output DG Disposal ______ ______ ______D isp osal__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 183,000 tons per year, Landfilled in Heimifeng Changsha including 64,000 tons Recycle rate at 84.8% 730,000 t/a Landfill Site with total of boiler residue and volume of 45.0 million Conisolidated Environmental Assessment 1-13 DRAFr 03/B/Febiuarv 2004 Hunan Urban Molt MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission Industrial SW Output Industrial SW DG Output DG Disposal Disposal__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ m- capable of serving 34 36,000 tons of gangue years since its operation residue in 2002 Disposed in South Suburb Disposal Site Landfilled or recycled, (capable of disposing Zhuzhou 1,630,000 t/a disposal rate at 92.0%, 346,00t/a 600td, with a total Zhuzhou 1,30,000 t/a discharge amount at 34,0ta capacity of 3,285,000 130,000t/a cubic meters), and in some simple disposal sites Disposed in Xiangtan 2,215,500t/a recycled, Shuangma Town Xiangtan 3,068,700 t/a 455,800t/a disposed, 339,000t/a Disposal Site (with a others piled up total capacity of 5,080,000 cubic meters) Where SW refers to Solid Wastes, and DG means Domestic Garbage. 1.2.7 Flood Prevention In the Xiangjiang Ecologic and Economic Belt (EEB), flood control facilities vary in different sections. More engineering works were done along the sections in Changsha, Xiangtan and Zhuzhou cities in the last few years to increase flood control capacity. However, along the sections in non- urban area, flood control infrastructure remains weak. Changsha Attributive to the flood control engineering construction in the last few years, a flood control system comprising embankments, wave walls, flood-relief channels, electrically-powered pumping stations has taken its initial shape. An accumulated length of 70.6 km embankment (33.5 km at western river side with elevation 36.22-37.69m, and 37.1 km at eastern river side with elevation 35.72-37.95) now exist, with existing flood control level once in 20-30 years. In some sub-sections, the flood control levels are even higher (once in 100 years, and once in 200 years.) Xiangtan Flood control facilities in this section are dominated by embankment. An accumulated length of 62.6km embankment with average width 5-6 m,(elevation 39.2-42.1 m) formed three flood control enclosures. On average, flood control level reaches to once in 20 years, (some sub-sections are as high as once in 100 years). However, the auxiliary facilities are weak; communication has to rely on post service, telephones and faxes. Zhuzhou The river courses in this section are 20.3 km. Here, there have been 16 embankments with accumulated length of 39.65 km. The existing flood control level in this section, in average, is once in 20 years (some sub-sections are as high as once in 100 years). Sectons Outside The Three Cities Consolidated Environmental Assessment 1-14 DRAFr 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission The existing flood control levels in these sections are much lower. The farmland distributed along the riversides could only meet the flood once in 5 years. Existing embankment meeting planned flood control goals are shown in Table 1-7: Table 1-7 Sections With Embankment Meeting Flood Control Goals: Sub-Section Length Elevation Of Flood Control Location The Top Of FloCntl Name (m) Embankment Level No. IWWT-Dock Tianxin district, 1.071 38.29 Changsha City Wuyi Yulu District, Once in 200 years Bridge-Jinjiang CaghCiy6.85 39.28Onei20yar Stream Changsha City Tianxin Yuhu District, 4.46 41547 embankment Xiangtan City . . Shiwanlong Yuhu District, 4.63 embankment Xiangtan City Xiangtan Hexi Xiangtan urban 4.7 embankment district Xiawan Shifeng District, 2.45 44.75-44.85 Once in 100 years embankment Zhuzhou City Fengxigang Lusong District 1.607 45.08-45.15 embankment Zhuzhou City __ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1.2.8 Energy Structure According to statistics in 2000, the total annual coal consumption was 7,013,700 tons. The energy structure in 2005 and 2010 is predicted in Table 1-8 (Source: Comprehensive Control of Acid Rain Pollution in CZT Economic Integration Region): Table 1-8 Prediction of the Energy Structure of the CZT Area Coal Heavy Gasoline Diesel Coal Natural Electric Total Year million . n illtion mili on G . Power Consumption million lilon millmlliniillion millon 105MWH million Va tla t/ al ta tin m3fa tla nilo / 2005 15.124 0.28 11.93 0.3387 130.00 0.115 165.4 Conaert into 12.1246 0.384 18.7 0.494 0.0624 0.173 203.4 15.459 Percentage 78.43 2.48 1.21 3.20 0.40 1.12 13.16 100.00 2010 18.314 0.265 15.23 0.4417 180.00 0.145 216.0 Convert into Coal 104t 14.7146 0.363 23.9 0.645 0.0864 0.218 265.7 18.923 Percentage () 77.76 1.92 1.26 3.41 0.46 1.15 14.04 100.00 Note: after the project of "Eastward of Natural Gas", some gases will be replaced. According to the tabular data, up to year 2010, the 720,000,000 cubic meters of natural gas can substitute 1,958,400 tons of coal, which takes up only 10% of the total consumption. For a long time in the future, the coal will undoubtedly remain the main energy sources in CZT Area. Consolidated Environmental Assessment 1-15 DRAFT 03/IBFebruarv 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission 1.3 Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework 1.3.1 Laws and Regulations Laws and Regulations of Environmental Protection that were important to the performance of this EA included: * Constitution of P. R. China (December 4, 1982); * Environmental Protection Law (Dec. 26th, 1989); * Environmental Impact Assessment Law" [adoption date: 2002-10-28] [effective date: 2003- 09-01]; * Regulation on Fundamental Cropland Protection (Aug. 29th, 1998); * Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law (Jan.12th, 1998); * Atmosphere Pollution Prevention and Control Law (April. 29th, 2000); * Law on Prevention and Control of Pollution from Environmental Noise (Oct. 29th, 1998); * Law on Prevention and Control of Pollution from Environmental Solid Wastes; * Law on the Protection of Wildlife; * Law on Water and Soil Conservation; * Ordinance of Environmental Management for the Construction Project" No. 253 by the State Council; * Ordinance of Environmental Management for the Transportation Construction Project Ministry of Communications; * Circular of Strengthening the Prevention on Geological Calamity Along Highways; * Cultural Relic Protection Law; * Cleaner Production Promotion Law (Jan. 1", 2003) * World Bank Operational Policies on Environmental Assessment, OP 4.01; Natural Habitats. OP4.04; Agricultural Pest Management, OP4.09; Forestry, OP4.36; Dam Safety, OP4.37. Safeguarding Cultural Property in Bank-Financed Project, OP 4.11; Involuntary Resettlement, OP 4.12; Indigenous Peoples OD 4.20; * World Bank Policy on Disclosure of Information; * Ordinance of Hunan Province on Prevention and Control of Water Pollution in Xiangjiang Basin, Adopted day: March 29, 2003, Effective day: May. 1st, 2002; * Implementation Schemes of Prevention and Control of Xiangjiang Water Pollution; No.153. Government of Hunan Province, 2003; * Management of Environmental Protection for the Construction Project, Hunan Province; * Circular of Program for Drinking Water Sources Protected Zone Issued by the People's Government of Hunan Province No.77, Government of Hunan Province, 2003; * Circular of Printing and Distributing Hunan Provincial Tenth Five-year Plan for Environmental Protection; No.29, Hunan Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau, Consolidated Environmental Assessment 1-16 DRAFT 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission Hunan Provincial Development Planning Commission, Hunan Economic and Trade Commission. Hunan Finance Bureau. 2002: * Inventory of Classified Environmental Management for Construction Project; * Circular of Reinforcing Management of the Environmental Impact Assessment for Construction Projects Financed by International Finance Corporation. Technical directives that were important to the performance of this EA included: * Technological Directive on Environmental Impact Assessment - Non-polluting Ecological Impact HJ/T19-97; * Technological Directive on Environmental Impact Assessment HJ/T2.1-2.3-93; * Technological Directive on Environmental Impact Assessment HJ/T2.4-95; * EIA Criteria for Highway Project" JTJ005-96, Ministry of Communication. 1.3.2 Project Documents Project documents and other reference materials included the following: * Master Plan for Development and Construction of Ecological & Economic Belt in Xiangjiang River developed jointly by China Urban Planning and Designing Institute and Hunan Provincial Development Planning Commission, 2003; * International Consultation on Conceptual Plan for Ecological-Economic Belt in Xiangjiang River developed jointly by Obermeyer Planer + Beraten and Hunan Provincial Development Planning Commission, 2002; * 2000-2020 Master plan for Changsha City" by Changsha Municipal Planning and Designing Institute, Changsha Municipal Planning Bureau in 2002; * 2001-2020 Master plan for Zhuzhou City by China Urban Planning and Designing Institute, Zhuzhou Municipal Planning Bureau in 2002; * 2001-2020 Master plan for Xiangtan City by China Urban Planning and Designing Institute, Xiangtan Municipal Planning Bureau in 2002; * CZT Urban Cluster Regional Plan (draft) developed jointly by China Urban Planning and Designing Institute, Hunan Provincial Development Planning Commission, Jun, 2003; * Certificate of Entrustment for Environmental Impact Assessment Task, HEPRI; * Feasibility Study Report on Zhaoshan Scenic Area Project by Hunan International Engineering Consulting Corporation, April, 2000; * Feasibility Study Report on Project of the Modem Logistic Centre of CZT area by Central- South Infrastructure Engineering Designing & Research Institute, August, 2003; * Feasibility Study Report on Project of Changshanyuan WWTP and its Sewers jointly by Central-North Infrastructure Engineering Designing & Research Institute and Changsha Municipal Urban Planning and Designing Institute, September, 2003; * Feasibility Study Report on the 200t/a Cleaner Coal Project" by Designing & Research Institute of Chemical Industry Ministry; * EIA Report on Corridor Project by EIA Centre of Hunan University (HUEIAC), Oct, 2003 (approved by HEPB), updated to January, 2004; Consolidated Environmental Assessment 1-17 DRAFr 031B/Febmary 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission * EIA Report on Zhaoshan Scenic Area Project by EIA Centre of Hunan University (HUEIAC), Oct, 2003 (approved by HEPB), updated to January. 2004; * EIA Report on Changsha (Changshanyuan) Wastewater Treatment Project by HEPRI, September, 2003, and its addendum, January 2004 * EIA Report on Project of Modern Logistic Centre of CZT Area by Hunan. HEPRI, October, 2003 (approved by HEPB), and its addendum, January 2004. * EIA Report on 2,000,000t/a Cleaner Coal Project by HEPRI, October, 2003, and its addendum, January 2004; * Approval Certificates of HUJDP Project Components EIAs by HEPB, November 8th, 2003. 1.3.3 EIA Category For the extensive content and possibly far-reaching impact over the surrounding environment, according to the EA Policies of the World Bank, the Hunan Urban Development Project was classified as Category A for environmental assessment. The HEPRI classifications of environmental assessment for various subject areas are described as follows: Surface Water Because of the significant impact of Changsha wastewater component on surface water environment (both positive and adverse impact), which as been classified as Chinese Grade A for component EA, the Consolidated EA is therefore classified as Grade A. Eco-Environment For Eco-Environment Assessment category of the components of River shore Corridor and Zhaoshan Scenic Area was simplified as Category C, the Consolidated EA is therefore classified as Category C. Atmospheric Environment For the regional feature of this project, especially the PC3 acid rain control, the assessment of atmospheric environment in the Consolidated EA is Category B. Acoustic Environment With rapid urbanisation and growth of population, residents in urban area are increasingly disturbed by noise. According to the statistical data, in 2002, ambient noise of road traffic in Zhuzhou city exceeded the National standards (with Leq higher than 70 dB), although ambient noise of road traffic in Changsha and Xiangtan were within the standard. Ambient noise (in terms of Leq) in cities of Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan were 53.25 dB, 54.9 dB and 55.0 dB respectively. Because of the scenic road of corridor component impact on acoustic environment (both positive and adverse) which was classified as Grade C, therefore, the Consolidated EA has classified as Category C. 1.3.4 EIA Scope The HUDP aims at facilitating the urbanisation of the three cities, the scope of assessment should not be the sum of six components, it should be considered with the provincial urbanisation layout program. Hence the scope covers: Social, Air And Eco-Environment The CEA covers an area of 1300 square km that includes urban areas of Changsha, Zhuzhou, Xiangtan and Yijiawan of Xiangtan. Consolidated Environmental Assessment 1-18 DRAFr 03/B/Febrmary 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission Surface Water The Xiangjiano River begins in Kongzhoudao of Zhuzhou through the urban area of Xiangtan, Yijiawan of Xiangtan. Changsha to the confluence of Liuyang River and Xiangjiang River. about 140km long. The Liuyang River begins in Langli Town of Changsha to Xiangjiang River, about 20km lonLc. Acoustic Environment The scope of the acoustic environment is 100 to 200m around the sites of subprojects. 1.3.5 EIA Standards According to the approval certificate to the executing EA standards by Hunan Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau, the Standards adopted are as follows: Pollutant Discharge/Emission Standards Waste Water GB 18918-2002, Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal WWTP, Category B, Grade I. GB8978-96, Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard, Grade I (discharged into Xiangjiang directly), Grade III (industrial wastewater to be treated by WWTP). Exlhaust Gas GB 16297-96, Integrated Emission Standard of Air Pollutants, Grade II, (for industrial waste gases; GB 13271-2001. Air Pollutants Emission for Boilers GB18918-2002 Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal WWTP (table 4 for waste gas emission from WWTP) Noise GB 12348-90, Standard of Noise at Boundary of Industrial Enterprises, Grade II. Sludge GB 18918-2002, Sludge Control Standard in Discharge standard of Pollutants for municipal WWTP. Environmental Quality Standards Water- Enivironmlent Liuyang River, GB3838-2002, Grade IV; Xiangjiang River, GB3838-2002, Grade II (1000m upstream and 200m downstream of intake station of the water plant); otherwise, Grade III. The detailed standard values are listed below in Tables 1-9 to 1-10 Table 1-9 Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (GB3838-2002), in mg/L Parameter Grade | Grade [ Grade [ pH 6-9 6-9 6-9 CODM,o 15 20 30 Oil 0.05 0.05 0.5 BOD5 3 4 6 Consolidated Environmental Assessment 1-19 DRAFr 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission Parameter Grade El Grade 0 Grade 0 NHI-N 0.5 1.0 1.5 Cr6+ 0.05 0.05 0.05 Ph 0.01 0.05 0.05 Cu 1.0 1.0 1.0 Zn 1.0 1.0 2.0 Hg 0.00005 0.0001 0.001 As 0.05 0.05 0.1 Cd 0.005 0.005 0.005 TP 0.1 0.2 0.3 GB3838-2002 Table 1-10 Ambient Air Quality Standard in mg/m3 Annual Daily Annual Daily Parameter Hour average Hour average average average average average SO2 0.06 0.15 0.50 0.02 0.05 0.15 TSP 0.20 0.30 0.08 0.12 NO2 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.04 0.08 0.12 Standard GB3095-96 Grade II GB3095-96 Grade I Atnospheric Environment Scenery, GB3095-1996, Ambient Air quality Standard, Grade I; Others, GB3095-1996, Ambient Air Quality Standard, Grade II. The detailed standard values are listed below in Table 1-11 and Table 1-12. Table 1-11 Discharge Limit for Water Pollutants in mg/L Name GB8978-1996, Grade I GB8978-1996, Grade III GB18918-2002 Cat.B Grade I HS < 0.05 0.05 0.001 Cd< 0.1 0.1 0.01 Cr 6+< 0.5 0.5 0.05 As< 0.5 0.5 0.1 Pb< 1.0 1.0 0.1 SS5 70 20 CODS 100 60 BOD5< 30 20 NH3-N
Группа Всемирного банка · Environmental Assessment
China - Hunan Urban development Project : environmental assessment (Vol. 2 of 3) : Consolidated environmental assessment
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