China - Chongqing Small Cities Infrastructure Improvement Project (Vol. 2 of 2) : Consolidated Resettlement Action Plan

RP309 N'OL. 2 W.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- Chongqing Small Cities Project - CSCP Report no 6.2 Consolidated RAP Resettlement Action Plan Dpr.~mt.er 2004 I - ~~~~~~~groupe huit and SOGREAH 9; ' N )4 i4-4.iN Jpw-. '0 , ..... X . > fi- --- '' T4f;'- . - ,  Consolidated RAP for CSCP CHONGOING SMAL CITIES INFRASTRUCTURE IMPROVEMENT PROJECT 1 CONSOUDATED RAP FOR CSCP CHONGQING MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT - WORLD BANK DECEMBER 2004 - REPORT N-6.2 FASEP - ETUDES GROUPE HUIT / SOGREAH CONSULTANTS  TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. PREFACE ..................................................... 9 A. OBJECTIVE OF THIS RAP .....................................................9 B. DEFINITION OF DISPLACED PERSONS (ELIGIBILITY AS DISPLACED PERSONS) ....................................9.............9 C. DEFINITION OF RELATED TERMINOLOGIES .................................................... 10 2. PROJECT INTRODUCTION .................................................... 14 A. BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO CSCP .................................................... 14 B. CONTENT AND SCALE OF PROJECT .................................................... 17 3. SOCIOECONOMIC SURVEY ..................................................... 21 A. PURPOSE OF SURVEY .21 B. SCOPE OF SURVEY .21 C. DURATION OF SURVEY .21 D. SUBJECT OF SURVEY .21 E. TRAINING OF PERSONNEL .22 F. METHODOLOGY OF SURVEY .22 4. SOCIOECONOMIC BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT AREA ....................................... 24 A. SOCIOECONOMIC BACKGROUND OF AFFECTED DISTRICT, COUNTIES AND CITIES AND TOWNSHIPS AND VILLAGES B. SOCIOECONOMIC SITUATION OF AFFECTED FAMILIES .................................... 28 C. INFORMATION ABOUT AFFECTED ETHNIC GROUP AREAS .................................... 38 5. PROJECT IMPACTS ........................................ 39 A. PERMANENT LAND ACQUISITION AND TEMPORARY LAND OCCUPATION .39 B. AFFECTED RESIDENTIAL HOUSES .41 C. AFFECTED ENTERPRISES. 42 D. AFFECTED INSTITUTIONS .43 E. AFFECTED SHOPS.48 F. OVERDUE TEMPORARY AND ILLEGAL BUILDINGS .50 G. OTHER AFFECTED BUILDINGS .50 CHONGOING SMAL CMES INFRASTRUCTURE IMPROVEMENT PROJECT 2 CONSOUDATED RAP FOR CSCP CHONGQING MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT - WORLD BANK DECEMBER 2004 - REPORT N-6.2 FASEP - ETUDES GROUPE HUIT / SOGREAH CONSULTANTS  H. AFFECTED POPULATION ................................................. 51 I. AFFECTED VULNERABLE GROUPS ................................................. 54 J. AFFECTED GROUND ATTACHMENTS ................................................. 54 6. LAWS AND POLICY FRAMEWORK .................................................. 57 A. MAIN LAWS AND POLICIES OF RESETTLEMENT ................................................. 57 B. RELEVANT LAWS AND POLICIES FOR RESETTLEMENT ................................................. 58 C. WORLD BANK OPERATIONAL POLICIES ON INVOLUNTARY RESETTLEMENT ................................................. 70 D. RESETTLEMENT POLICY OF THE PROJECT ................................................. 71 7. COMPENSATION RATES .................................................. 76 A. DEMOLITION AND RESETTLEMENT OF URBAN RESIDENTS' HOUSES .76 B. DEMOLITION AND RESETTLEMENT OF RURAL RESIDENTS' HOUSES .76 C. RATES OF COMPENSATION FOR ENTERPRISES .77 D. RATES OF COMPENSATION FOR INSTITUTIONS .77 E. RATES OF COMPENSATION FOR AFFECTED SHOPS .78 F. COMPENSATION FOR ACQUISITION OF COLLECTIVE-OWNED LAND .78 G. COMPENSATION FOR TEMPORARY LAND OCCUPATION .83 H. COMPENSATION RATES FOR INFRASTRUCTURES AND GROUND ATTACHMENTS .84 8. PRODUCTION AND LIVELIHOOD REHABILITATION PLAN ................... ....................... 88 A. RESETTLEMENT PRINCIPLES .......................................... 88 B. RESETTLEMENT PLANS .......................................... 89 9. PUBLIC CONSULTATION .......................................... . 101 A. STRATEGY FOR PUBLIC PARTICIPATION .......................................... 101 B. PUBLIC OPINION SURVEY .......................................... 102 C. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION PROCESS AND OPENNESS OF POLICIES .......................................... 103 10.GRIEVANCE REDRESS PROCEDURES .......................................... 105 11. ORGANIZATION ARRANGEMENT .......................................... 107 A. AGENCIES IN CONNECTION WITH RESETTLEMENT ACTION .......................................... 107 B. ORGANIZATIONAL CONSTRUCTIONS AND RESPONSIBILITIES .......................................... 107 C. ORGANIZATION CHART .......................................... 111 D. QUALIFICATIONS AND STAFFING OF AGENCIES .......................................... 112 CHONGQING SMALL CITIES INFRASTRUCTURE IMPROVEMENT PROJECT 3 CONSOLIDATED RAP FOR CSCP CHONGQING MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT - WORLD BANK DECEMBER 2004 - REPORT N-6.2 FASEP - ETUDES GROUPE HUIT / SOGREAH CONSULTANTS  E. MEASURES TO STRENGTHEN CAPABILITIES OF AGENCIES .113 12. IMPLEMENTATION TIMETABLE .114 A. PROGRESS OF RESETTLEMENT AND PROJECT CONSTRUCTION ........................................................... 114 B. KEY TASKS TO BE PERFORMED IN PERMANENT ACQUISITION OF LAND ....................................................... 114 C. KEY TASKS TO BE PERFORMED FOR URBAN HOUSE DEMOLITION AND RESIDENT RESETTLEMENT ................ 114 D. KEY TASKS TO BE PERFORMED FOR RURAL HOUSE DEMOLITION AND RESIDENT RESETTLEMENT ................ 115 E. KEY TASKS TO BE PERFORMED IN RESETTLEMENT OF ENTERPRISES AND INSTITUTIONS ............................. 116 F. KEY TASKS TO BE PERFORMED IN RELATION OF SHOPS ........................................................... 116 G. KEY RESETTLEMENT TASKS AND TIMETABLE ........................................................... 117 13. RESETTLEMENT BUDGET AND FINANCING .120 A. EXPENSES.120 B. YEARLY INVESTMENT PLAN .123 C. SOURCE OF FUND.123 D. FUND FLOW AND ALLOCATION PLAN .123 14. MONITORING AND EVALUATION ............................ 125 A. INTERNAL MONITORING.125 B. INDEPENDENT EXTERNAL MONITORING .126 C. POST ASSESSMENT.127 15. ENTITLEMENT MATRIX .128 LIST OF APPENDICES APPENDIX 1: LIST OF PROJECT IMPACTS .138 APPENDIX 2: DETAILED SCHEMES OF RESETTLEMENT IN THE SUBCOMPONENTS .142 APPENDIX 3: DETAILED BUDGET FOR 14 SUBCOMPONENTS .178 APPENDIX 4: OUTLINE OF INDEPENDENT MONITORING AND EVALUATION ON RESETTLEMENT .183 APPENDIX 5: FIGURES OF THE 14 SUBCOMPONENTS .185 CHONGQING SMALL CrIES INFRASTRUCTURE IMPROVEMENT PROJECT 4 CONSOLIDATED RAP FOR CSCP CHONGQING MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT - WORLD BANK DECEMBER 2004 - REPORT N-6.2 FASEP - ETUDES GROUPE HUIT I SOGREAH CONSULTANTS  LIST OF TABLES TABLE2-1 COMPONENTS OF CHONGQING SMALL-CITY INFRASTRUCTURE IMPROVEMENT PROJECT ............................................................ 16 TABLE2-2 CONTENT AND SCALE OF PROJECT ............................ 1 7 TABLE4-1 BASIC SOCIOECONOMIC SITUATIONS OF THE AFFECTED DISTRICTS, COUNTIES AND CITIES IN 2003 .24 TABLE4-2 BASIC SOCIOECONOMIC SITUATIONS OF THE AFFECTED RURAL AND URBAN TOWNSHIPS IN 2003 .25 TABLE4-3 BASIC SOCIOECONOMIC SITUATIONS OF THE AFFECTED VILLAGES IN 2003 .27 TAB LE4-4 BASIC FACTS ABOUT THE AFFECTED RURAL FAMILIES.31 TABLE4-5 ANNUAL INCOME AND EXPENDITURE OF AFFECTED RURAL FAMILIES .34 TAB LE4-6 BASIC FACTS ABOUT THE AFFECTED URBAN FAMILIES.37 TABLE4-7 ANNUAL INCOME AND EXPENDITURE OF AFFECTED RURAL FAMILIES .37 TABLE5-1 DETAIL OF PERMANENT LAND ACQUISITION .40 TABLE5-2 DETAIL OF TEMPORARY LAND OCCUPATION.40 TABLE5-3 DETAIL OF AFFECTED RURAL RESIDENTIAL HOUSES AND THEIR ATTACHMENTS .41 TABLE5-4 DETAIL OF AFFECTED URBAN RESIDENTIAL HOUSES AND THEIR ATTACHMENTS .42 TABLE5-5 DETAIL OF AFFECTED ENTERPRISES .44 TABLE5-6 BASIC FACTS ABOUT AFFECTED ENTERPRISES.46 TABLE5-7 DETAIL OF AFFECTED INSTITUTIONS .47 TABLE5-8 DETAIL OF AFFECTED SHOPS . . . . .48 TABLE5-9 BASIC FACTS ABOUT AFFECT SHOPS .................................................... 49 TABLE5-1 0 DETAIL OF AFFECTED TEMPORARY AND ILLEGAL BUILDINGS .50 TABLE5-1 DETAIL OF OTHER AFFECTED BUILDINGS .51 TABLE5-12 BASIC FACTS ABOUT AFFECTED POPULATION2 5 TABLE5-13 FACTS ABOUT AFFECTED VULNERABLE GROUPS.54 TABLE5-14 DETAIL OF AFFECTED GROUND ATTACHMENTS, SPARSELY GROWN FRUIT TREES AND PUBLIC FACILITIES .55 CHONGOING SMALL CITIES INFRASTRUCTURE IMPROVEMENT PROJECT 5 CONSOUDATED RAP FOR CSCP CHONGOING MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT - WORLD BANK DECEMBER 2004 - REPORT N'6.2 FASEP - ETUDES GROUPE HUIT I SOGREAH- CONSULTANTS  TABLE7-1 RATE OF COMPENSATION FOR DEMOLITION OF URBAN RESIDENTIAL HOUSES ......................................................................... 76 TABLE7-2 RATE OF COMPENSATION FOR DEMOLITION OF RURAL RESIDENTIAL HOUSES ......................................................................... 76 TABLE7-3 COMPENSATION RATES FOR AFFECTED ENTERPRISES ......................................................................... 77 TABLE7-4 COMPENSATION RATES FOR AFFECTED INSTITUTIONS ......................................................................... 78 TABLE7-5 COMPENSATION RATES FOR AFFECTED SHOPS ......................................................................... 78 TABLE7-6 RATE OF COMPENSATION FOR PERMANENT ACQUISITION OF LAND ......................................................................... 78 TABLE7-7 RATES OF COMPENSATION FOR PERMANENT LAND ACQUISITION ......................................................................... 81 TABLE7-8 RATES OF COMPENSATION FOR TEMPORARY USE OF LAND ......................................................................... 84 TABLE7-9 RATES OF COMPENSATION FOR VARIOUS TYPES OF GROUND ATTACHMENTS AND INFRASTRUCTURES AFFECTED ......................... 85 TABLE8-1 ANALYSIS OF IMPACT BY LAND ACQUISITION ......................................................................... 90 TABLE8-2 RESETTLEMENT ALTERNATIVES FOR PERSONS TO BE AFFECTED BY LAND ACQUISITION ............................................................ 96 TABLE8-3 HOUSE-REBUILDING PLANS FOR URBAN RESIDENTS AFFECTED BY INDIVIDUAL COMPONENTS .................................................... 96 TABLE8-4 HOUSE-REBUILDING PLANS FOR RURAL RESIDENTS AFFECTED BY INDIVIDUAL COMPONENTS .................................................... 97 TABLE8-5 RESETTLEMENT PLAN FOR ENTERPRISES TO BE AFFECTED BY SUBCOMPONENTS ..................................................................... 97 TABLE8-6 RESETTLEMENT PLAN FOR INSTITUTIONS TO BE AFFECTED BY SUBCOMPONENTS ..................................................................... 98 TABLE8-7 RESETTLEMENT PLAN FOR SHOPS TO BE AFFECTED BY SUBCOMPONENTS ......................................................................... 98 TABLES-I SURVEY OF PUBLIC OPINIONS AND PSYCHOLOGICAL REACTIONS ......................................................................... 102 TABLE9-2 PROCESS OF ENSURING AFFECTED PEOPLE' PARTICIPATION ......................................................................... 103 TABLE9-3 POLICY OPENNESS ASSURING PROCESS ......................................................................... 104 TABLEI1-1 STAFFING OF AGENCIES INVOLVED IN PROJECT EXECUTION AND RESETTLEMENT ................................................112 TABLEI 1-2 EXECUTING AGENCIES FOR EACH PROJECT ......................................................................... 112 TABLEI-1B 1CSDHEEULELOFEIMPLEMENTATION-..........SCHEDULE...................................OF............IMPLEMENTATION.........................................................118 TABLEI3-1 PLANNED OVERALL BUDGET FOR RESETTLEMENT .................................... 121 TABLE13-2 YEARLY INVESTMENT PLAN .................................... 123 CHONGOING SMALL CITIES INFRASTRUCTURE IMPROVEMENT PROJECT 6 CONSOLIDATED RAP FOR CSCP CHONGQING MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT - WORLD BANK DECEMBER 2004 - REPORT N'6.2 FASEP - ETUDES GROUPE HUIT / SOGREAH CONSULTANTS  LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 2 PROCEDURE FOR GRIEVANCE REDRESS ................................................ 105 FIGURE 3 PROCEDURE FOR GRIEVANCE REDRESS OF YONGCHUAN AND DIANJIAN ................................................ 106 FIGURE 5 SCHEDULE OF IMPLEMENTATION ....119 FIGURE 6 RESETTLEMENT FUND FLOW ................................. . . .124 CHONGOQING SMALL CITIES INFRASTRUCTURE IMPROVEMENT PROJECT 7 CONSOUDATED RAP FOR CSCP CHONGQING MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- WORLD BANK DECEMBER 2004 - REPORT N-6.2 FASEP - ETUDES GROUPE HUIT I SOGREAN CONSLtLTANTS  ABBREVIATIONS & ACRONYMS CSCP Chongqing Small Cities Infrastructure Improvement Project CUEP Chongqing Urban Environment Project MU Area Unit (I Mu= 0.0667 Ha) PMO Project Management Office RAP Resettlement Action Plan WB World Bank WS water supply RE River embankment M&E Monitoring and Evaluation CURRENCIES RMB Chinese Yuan (Renminbi) USD United States Dollar Conversion rate: 1 USD = 8 RMB CHONGOING SMALL CITIrS INFRASTRUCTURE IMPROVEMENT PROJECT 8 CONSOuDATED RAP FOR CSCP CHONGQING MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT - WORLD BANK DECEMOR 2HI 4 - REPORT CN6.2 FASEP - ETUDES GROUPE HUIT / SOGREAHI CONSUJLTANTS  1. PREFACE The reports on the Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for Chongqing Small Cities Infrastructure Improvement Project (CSCP) are made up of individual RAP reports for 14 components and one consolidated report. The consolidated report is prepared, under the guidance of SOGREAH resettlement experts, by Chongqing Technology and Business University (CTBU) from the RAP reports for 14 components submitted by their respective owners. The respective component RAPs further details the consolidated report and serves as the basis for the implementation. The consolidate report as well as the 14 component RAP reports are revised according to the Aide Memoire issued by the World Bank after the pre-appraisal mission in October-November 2004. A. Objective of this RAP To minimize impact of involuntary resettlement and prevent serious socio-economic and environmental risks, the "Resettlement Action Plan for CSCP" (referred to as Resettlement Action Plan and abbreviated as RAP hereafter) is prepared and aim at achieving the following goals: * Optimizing project designs to avoid or minimize involuntary resettlement. * If resettlement is unavoidable, it should be conceived and carried out based on the perspective of sustainable development and sufficient funds should be provided to enable the displaced persons to share the benefit from the project. The displaced persons should be adequately and sincerely consulted to give them a chance to get involved in making and implementing the resettlement action plan. * Assistance should be given to the displaced persons to improve their livelihood and living standard or at least restore it to the higher level before relocation or project commencement. B. Definition of displaced persons (eligibility as displaced persons) B.1. Definition of displaced persons in this project According to Clause 3 of the World Bank Operational Policy (OP4.12), displaced persons refer to those who are affected in either of (a) the involuntary taking of land resulting in (i) relocation or loss of shelter; (ii) lost of assets or access to assets; or (iii) loss of income sources or means of livelihood, whether or not the affected persons must move to another location or (b) the involuntary restriction of access to legally designated parks and protected areas resulting in adverse impacts on the livelihoods of the displaced persons. CHONGQING SMAU_ CITiES INFRASTRUCTURE IMPROVEMENT PROJECT 9 CONSOLIDATED RAP FOR CSCP CHONGQING MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT - WORLD BANK DECEMBER 2004 - REPORT N-6.2 FASEP - ETUDES GROUPE HUIT / SOGREAH CONSULTANTS  In this project, displaced persons refer to persons, whose properties, income and life are adversely affected due to the implementation of the project, including: * Permanent or temporary owners and users (regardless of residential identity) all of whose immovable properties (such as land, houses, structures, adjuncts and facilities) are demolished due to the implementation of the project; * Persons whose land is temporarily borrowed due to the implementation of the project; * Persons whose business operation is affected due to the implementation of the project * Persons whose working and living environments are affected by relocation due to the implementation of the project. B.2. Time limit for eligibility as displaced persons As stipulated in the applicable domestic regulations, the time limit for eligibility as being displaced persons is the date on which the house demolition notice is issued. After this date, the affected residents are not allowed to build, expand or modify their houses nor change the purpose of their houses and land, let out land or sell the houses and people flocking into the project area after the date are not regarded as displaced persons. The eligibility for being displaced persons in this project is determined by the definition of displaced persons and eligibility time limit. B.3. Entitlement of displaced persons They should be resettled, compensated and restored in a manner at least equivalent to the impact received and the project executer shall do his best to improve the displaced persons' livelihood and living standard or at least restore them to the higher level before relocation or project commencement. C. Definition of related terminologies C.1. Compensation, resettlement and rehabilitation Compensation Compensations should be made to all the people affected by the project to improve or at least restore their living standards and to compensate for the damaged properties. The compensation for damages of properties will be made at the price as if there are bought new and not at a reduced or discounted price based on depreciation or other reasons. All the affected people should be given the rights and interests derived from the impacts they receive, and, except for being given the compensation for the property damage; they should also be subsidized for rehabilitation. Those who are affected by the project and are engaged in businesses, land cultivation or building construction without properties, rights and legal permission for residence should be treated as equal to those who have and are qualified to have their livelihood restored and property damages compensated for. CHONGQING SmALL CITIES INFRASTRUCTURE IMPROVEMENT PROJECT 10 CONSOLIDATED RAP FOR CSCP CHONGQING MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT -WORLD BANK DECEMBER 2004 - REPORT N-6.2 FASEP - ETUDES GROUPE HUIT/ SOGREAH CONSULTANTS  Resettlement "Resettlement" refers to the production or livelihood activities arrangement made for people affected by the project so that they can benefit from the project. This mainly involves the following: (1) Movement of shelters; (2) Seeking reemployment for the affected people; (3) Making rehabilitation of (or compensation for) the loss of lands, work places, trees and infrastructures; (4) Rehabilitating welfare for those whose living standards (or quality) is adversely affected (such as harmed by polluting gases) due to land acquisition and resettlement; (5) Restoring or compensating for the affected private or public enterprises; and (6) Restoring cultural or public properties adversely affected. Rehabilitation "Rehabilitation" means to bring back the capability of the affected people to continue their production activities or improve their living standard or at least maintain it at the level before the project. The ultimate purpose of this "Resettlement Action Plan" is to enable those affected by the project to have their damages compensated so that their living standard is improved or kept at the pre-level before the project is constructed. To achieve this goal, the plan outlines rehabilitation measures so that the affected people can regain their income to enable them to live on. Meanwhile, the affected business and production resources (including shops and enterprises), public properties, infrastructures and cultural relics will also be improved or at least restored to the level before the project is constructed. C.2. Property The affected property of the displaced people refers to the immovable property including land, houses, house adjuncts, ground attachments, sparsely grown fruit trees and public facilities. (1) Land Land refers to the land and crops thereon in the present year (Note: According to the land law of China, the compensation for land acquisition includes the compensation for crops living on the land at the time of acquisition. The type of living crops has been differentiated separately in the category of agricultural land in the rural area and is therefore not mentioned herein), excluding buildings, structures and attachments. (2) House This refers to the artificial structures built with bricks, wood, stones, cement, etc. and can be used as shelters in which people live or carry out business. (3) House adjuncts This term refers to equipment such as telephone line, coal gas pipes, TV cables, etc. that are attached to the building and cannot be moved. CHONGOING SMALL CITIES INFRASTRUCTURE IMPROVEMENT PROJECT 11 CONSOLIDATED RAP FOR CSCP CHONGQING MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT - WORLD BANK DECEMBER 2004 - REPORT N'6.2 FASEP - ETUDES GROUPE HUIT / SOGREAH CONSULTANTS  (4) Ground attachments This term refers to independent artificial structures built not as the space for people to perform activities but to serve the purpose of protection, embellishment, storage, etc. Common ground attachments include enclosing walls, retaining walls, (courtyard) gates, water ponds, water conduits, flowerbeds, etc. (5) Sparsely grown bruit trees This term refers to perennial crops such as trees, fruit trees, bamboos, etc. (6) Public facilities This term refers to independent public facilities such as power lines, communication system, WS system, pipelines, etc. not affixed to buildings. C.3. Definition of terminologies for different forms of compensation Apart from being compensated for damages of properties described above, the displaced persons can also receive compensation for damages caused to them by relocation. These forms of compensation are defined as follows: (1) Production or business discontinuation compensation This refers Damages to the displaced persons caused by the discontinuation of production of business operation due to the implementation of the project. (2) Transition allowance This refers to the compensation for expenses of renting transitional shelters incurred to the displaced persons who have to temporarily move out of their formner residences or shops for lack of resettlement houses already made available to them at the time of demolition or as a requirement during the project implementation period and who choose to seek temporary asylum by themselves. (3) Movement allowance This refers to the compensation for expenses incurred to the displaced persons for moving to a new permanent or temporary place of residence or, after the temporary movement process, from the temporary domicile to the place of residence. (4) Facility compensation This refers to the compensation for immovable equipment (such as power and WS systems, pipelines, etc.) attached to the building after the displaced persons have moved to the new production premises. (5) Bounty This refers to the bonus paid to each displaced person's family for having completed movement within the specified time limit. CHIONGQING SMALL. CITIES INFRASTRUCTURE IMPROVEMENT PROJECT 12 CONSOLIDATED RAP FOR CSCP CHONGQING MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT - WORLD BANK DECEMBER 2004 - REPORT N-6.2 FASEP - ETUDES GROUPE HUIT / SOGREAH CONSLLTANTS  C.4. Definitions of other terminologies (1) Overdue temporary buildings These refer to temporary buildings that have been used for over two years. Temporary buildings are those built with the approval of the responsible authorities for use within a certain period of time (normally two years) and must be demolished unconditionally by the user after this time limit has expired. (2) Illegal buildings These refer to buildings constructed by the owner without securing formal approval of any housing and land administration authorities. (3) Other types of buildings These refer to some of the public toilet buildings involved in the public building reconstruction project in Chongqing, which is used for other purposes. The owner of this type of buildings is Chongqing Municipal Environment Sanitation Bureau who use part of the toilet building as shops to let and dormitories for sanitation workers. CHONGQING SMALL CITIES INFRASTRUCTURE IMPROVEMENT PROJECT 13 CONSOUDATED RAP FOR CSCP CHONGQING MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT -WORLD BANK DECEMBER 2004 - REPORT N-6.2 FASEP - ETUDES GROUPE HUIT / SOGREAH CONSULTANTS  2. PROJECT INTRODUCTION A. Brief introduction to CSCP Located on the upper reach of the Yangtze River, Chongqing is the only municipality directly administered by the central government in the western region of China. Its territory covers an area of 82,400 square kilometers divided into 40 districts, counties (or autonomous counties or cities). By the end of 2003, Chongqing has a population of 31.15 million people of whom 23.76 million are rural residents, accounting for 76% of the total population. The vastness of Chongqing results in a great difference in geographical, economic and social conditions. It is a large city with a large rural area, exhibiting a very typical two-element economic structure. By the end of 2003, the GDP value was only US$751 in Chongqing's west and southeast with an area accounting for 70.5% and population accounting for 50.4% of the total area and population. This figure constitutes only the average level in the western part of China and one half of the national average level of US$1,472. In Chongqing, there are 14 counties to be given special poverty-relieving assistance by the state government and in these counties, there are 3200 villages identified as extremely poverty-stricken villages. The inadequate urbanization level is one of the major causes for residents in rural areas, especially in the remote poverty-stricken areas to get rid of poverty and get better off. Therefore, Chongqing Municipal Planning Commission has prepared a plan for constructing a number of infrastructure projects aim at quickening the urbanization progress in Chongqing and is put into practice by requesting loans from the World Bank as instructed by the municipal government and CCP committee. A.1. Necessity of the project Urbanization is an important driving force for national economic and social development and is also the inevitable result of economic development and especially industrialization process. Urbanization is also one of the five principal development strategies during the I0'h five-year plan period of Chongqing and is also a major task for promoting economic and strategic restructuring. Owing to its low urbanization level and backward infrastructure, Chongqing's economic development falls victim to the serious "bottleneck" effect. As a matter of fact, the backwardness in infrastructure has more and more severely affected Chongqing's economic and social development and become the major cause for the widening of gap with the eastern region of China in the level of development. This is especially the case in the poverty-stricken areas where the backward infrastructure cannot serve as an effective vehicle for economic development nor render the resource advantage into economic advantage to make it possible to realize the target for getting well off as quickly as it should be. The outstanding issues currently facing the urbanization situation in Chongqing include: CHONGOiNG SMALL CITIES INFRASTRUCTURE IMPROVEMENT PROJECT 14 CONSOLIDATED RAP FOR CSCP CHONGQING MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT - WORLD BANK DECEMBER 2004 - REPORT N-6.2 FASEP - ETUDES GROUPE HUIT / SOGREAH CONSULTANTS  * Backward transportation infrastructure: The current traffic network is structurally incomplete with a small capacity and limited coverage. Most of the districts and counties have no railway transportation facilities. The expressway network is being constructed and a quick surface thoroughfare has not yet formed. The highway system is small in quantity and low in grade and of the existing highway routes, low-grade ones (i.e. rated Grades III and IV and off-grade) account for 87% of the total length. One-fourth of townships and villages have no highways in Chongqing, which is below the national average level. * Insufficient WS capacity in urban townships: In Chongqing, the per-capita possession of water resources accounts for two-thirds of the national average level and this puts Chongqing among areas moderately short in water. There are three million rural residents facing the problem of drinking water and 375 rural townships have no tap WS. Water is in short supply in the seats of one-fifth of the counties. The mountainous topography makes it difficult to form a complete urban WS network system. The present system is has a very low water delivering and distributing capability, which is also uneven. Some urban areas suffer severe water shortage. The existing WS pipelines are rather old, the pollution of existing water sources is serious and the quality of water supplied needs improvement. * Chongqing has a rather complicated topography and geology full of landslides, crags and other factors affecting the stability of mountains. Most of the cities along the river have not built flood-control RE works. The flood resistance and riverbank solidness of these cities are rather low. The low flood resistance results in serious flooding almost every year and puts the city in danger. Geological disasters occur frequently, causing personal injuries or deaths and damage of properties every year. * The construction of environmental sanitation infrastructure also lags behind in Chongqing. As a major part of the urban environmental sanitation infrastructure, public toilets are low in grade, old in equipment, poor in sanitation, insufficient in quantity, irrational in location and poor in management. These defects have combined to make toilets a major source of pollution to the air, soil and water body of the city and at the same time cause inconvenience to the everyday life and work of the urban residents. They also bring about negative impact on the further reform and opening up and introduction of foreign businesses in Chongqing. To quicken the pace of turning Chongqing into an economic center on the upper reach of the Yangtze River and to meet the strategic goal of urbanization, works in four aspects are required: the small-city WS facilities that are aimed at improving the basic living condition and quality of life and ensuring good production conditions for the urban and rural residents; urban road network construction aimed at improving urban traffic condition, preventing geological disasters, enhancing urban floor resistance and strengthening the functionality of the city; road construction aimed at improving the traffic condition around the city, constructing the basic economic and social development platform of the districts and counties and improving the economic development capabilities of these districts and counties; and improvement and construction of public toilets in the metropolitan area aimed at improving Chongqing's environmental sanitation condition, enhancing the image of the metropolis, promoting the construction of socialist spiritual civilization and synchronous development of urban economy and environmental sanitation. CHONGOING SMALL CrIES INFRASTRUCTURE IMPROVEMENT PROJECT 15 CONSOUDATED RAP FOR CSCP CHONGQING MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT - WORLD BANK DECEMBER 2004 - REPORT N-6.2 FASEP - ETUDES GROUPE HUIT / SOGREAH CONSILTANTS  A.2. Project composition The 14 components of the Chongqing small-city infrastructure improvement project fall into four major categories: WS project, road construction project, river embankment project and toilet reconstruction project, involving 19 districts, counties and cities including 10 districts in the metropolitan area. See TABLE2-1 below for a list of these projects: TABLE2-1 COMPONENTS OF CHONGQING SMALL-CITY INFRASTRUCTURE IMPROVEMENT PROJECT S/N Category Location Descnpbon 1 Yongchuan WS project in Yongchuan 2 Yongchuan WS project in Songji 3 Water Supply (WS) Jiulongpo, Shapingba Yangtze river WS project at Tongguanyi and/or pumping projects -and Bishan 4 Dianjiang Urban WS project in Dianjiang County seat 5 Tongnan WS project in Tongnan County 6 Tongnan City to Sandian Road construction project in Tongnan County 7 Road construction Qianjiang Road construction project in new urban area of Qianjiang District 8 projects Yubei Tongjing-Caoping road construction project in Yubei District 9 Shizhu Shizhu county to Sandian road construction project in Shizhu County 10 Shizhu Comprehensive riverside road construction project in Shizhu Tujia ethnic minority autonomous county 11 River Embankment (RE) Wansheng RE project in Wansheng District 12 projects Nanchuan Comprehensive riverside road improvement project in Nanchuan County Laixi and Chishui Rivers flood control facility improvement project in 13 Rongchang Rongchang County Public toilet 14 reconstruction City proper Chongqing City proper public toilet reconstruction subcomponent subcomponent (@) WS project Under this category are five components in six districts, counties and cities including Yongchuan, Jiulongpo, Shapingba, Biashan, Jianjian and Tongnan. The project is to be built to a scale of supplying 553,000 cubic meters of water per day and constructing a water delivering and supplying pipeline network with a total length of 399 kilometers, which is able to solve the WS problem for 2.36 million urban and rural residents. ( Road construction project List under this category are four components in four districts, counties and cities including Tongnan, Qianjiang, Yubei and Shizhu with a total length of 39.3km.