Rapport de synthèse des activités l’OCP sur la kulpawn, la mole et Sissili de 1975 à 2001

-WORLD HEALTH ORCANIZATION ORO^NISATION MONDIAIE DE LA SANTE R,8GI()N OE UAFA,QUEAFRTC^T REOr)N oMS / ONCHO, B.P. 36 KARA, REPUBLIQUE TOGOLAISE T6l. 60.60.7s I 60.06.26 (Fax.60.06.26) LABORATORY REARING OF THE VARIOUS MEMBERS OF THE S. DAMNOSUM COMPLEX IN THE EASTERN ZONE OF THE ONCHOCERCTASIS CONTROL PROGRAMME IN WEST AFRICA 2000 AND 2001 by @ G. FIASORGBOR S. BILEOU S. NANIOGUE A. AWADI TECHNICAL OFFICER AS S ISTANT ENTOMOLOGIST LABORATORY TECHNICIAN LABORATORY TECHNICIAN N" 02 /OCP/KARA/Zone Est Janvier 2002 ILABORATORY REARING OF MEMBERS OF THE SINULIUM DAMNOSUM COMPLEX IN TI{E YEAR 2OO() AND 2OOI. INTRODUCTION Single egg-batches of three tuenrbers of the S. damnosur.n (s.1.) cornplex rvere successfully reared to adult flies in the laboratory in 1995 and 1996. These were the Beffa form of S. soubrense from M'betekoukou and Kaboua on the Oueme and Okpara rivers in Beniu ; S. yahense from Tsatsadri Falls in Ghana and S. squarnosum from Kouniohou on R. Ban-Hou in Togo. The ruain ob.iective of the rearing exercise in 1995 and 199(r at M'b6tekoukou a1d Ol<para was to ;lrrtviclc enough sanrples of clark-u,ing tufi aclult {'ernales and larvae of the S. darttttostutt (theobalcl)cotnplex lbr DNA. taxononric aucl cytotaxonomic determinations. Belbre this clute. these dark-rving tufi adult tcniales llnnr thc Ouemd and Okpara rivers itt Beniu \\/ere scorcd by the DNA technique as savauuil cytospecies (S. damnosum (s.s.) and S. sirt'rattutn). Thc DNA tleternrination \\as contran,to all previous cytotaxonornic identification of the samc 1to1tu lations as tlie "Befth" fronr of'S. soubrense. rvhich infiltates irrto the OCP area li'orr Nigerla each vear during the rainv seasoll. It was therefbre alt atten.lpt to investigate this discrepancy between the DNA and cytotaxonomic identifications tltat the VCU liierarchy called for the rearing of wild-caught f-emales of the S. darlnosunr complex in the Oueme Basin to provide ltlore samples to confirm once and fbr all the actual identity of these biting adult I'emales. Itearing uork rvas also undertalierr on the C'ontoe river in Zone West between 1995 and 1996 u,ith S. sanctipauli(s.s.) as the target c)'tospccics. ln the 1,cars 2000 and 2001 the sanre exercise rvas carried out il1 lhe two zones (East and West) with thc sanrc objective [n addition. the rearing covcrccl all the various mernbers of the S. damuosum cotnplex in the OCP area. Tliis u'as to provicle enouqh rcf'erence samples as the Programmc drau's to url eucl in 1002. THE STUDY AITIIA The study at'ca cotllpl'ises cilhteen (18) catching points on tifteen (15) ditferent rivers carefully chosen in the three (3) countries (Benin. Ghana. Togo) still under larviciding control in the Eastertt Zone of the l)rogranrure. Refer the stuclr, proqrarllme and the uraps of the three (3) countries fbr the catching poirlts and their exact locations on the rivers. There are eight (8) points in Benin ; f'our (4) in Gharu and six ((r) in 1'ogo. We report belorv the lLrll c\totaxonomic and ntorphol<.rgical identification results of the sttrdy in the different river basins nraking up tlie Eastern Zone of the Onchocerciasis Control Prograrnme (OCP) in West Afiica. t 2IttFJ EI)|t'trl& z o -lF LJ - lJ. -lFzTfIa -lU - ozox t-oF U G' .8, @ 2 i G' G n o ffi f,tr ! @ o o r-' o !0 1 E E] o E FI 3s a o o ot t o o o o o o o o 3 o o o o No{ 6t o o o o .o .., o ot 6t o (c(r) N o o o o dl oo o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o lJJ o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o fo U' o o o o o o o o o (o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o @ E, o o o o o o o o o o @ o o o o o o o o o rt o o (o @ t- o z =o o to o o o o o o o o o o o o 1'- (o to (D t t (n t o o o o o o o o o o o o o o (o @ o o o o (o @ o o o o (o (o @ o =ul IIJ Lll ul t! ul ul I.IJ lrJ UI IJJ UI trJ uJ ul E E E = E E = = E = uI tu UI UI E oz o Nq o (\l N ol @to (o- o ]\ @_ o q o (o^ o @- o @- o e.l i-6t o{ t-q a t-q a i- I a t- a i-q I q a i-q I a a o r.) oa.' oro o.o- o E oo- CD Nto- (D N|o- CD Nto- (D co-(o o o- (D o o- CD o o_ (D oo- (D o o- (D o o_ (D 6t|o_ (D N|o^ (D N .o- C') N or o{ or^ i- N or- i- (\ or F- 6t or (\t or t- 6tor Nol l'- Nor (\ oI ool o oor o o(D o o or- o fg z o co oz No o- az (9 oz No o- oz ro oz No o. oz @ o o.Y N z o @ (t z o o t z o o .o z o dl (o z o tr z o @ 6t oz No o. oz t oz No o. oz r- oz No o- oz trIoz tt c0fo o{ UJ oz UJ dtfo (V) utoz lrJ to o t UJ oz UI co =o (o uloz UI @fo i- UIoz IIJ(Il =o € uJoz UIolo o UJ oz ut @ o u.toz IIJ @fo 6t IJJoz IJJo =o Fo N sF @ t F to ult UJ = E o = e Y E, V fr Y oz o = o = o = o = o = o = o = e. 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IIJ = =o a U, ll.l a\tr 5l- o.q o tuq 6s o o o o o(o (,, o o o o o o o o o (v,() @(t) (v) o (0(0 ro o(\t (\t o o o o o o o o (II oo o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o t o o o o utI o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o CD (o (o o fo C" o o o o o o o o o o o e o o o o o o o o o o o o o dtu o o o o o o o o o o o @ o N q o o o) G' o o o o o o z =o o @ N o i- o o o (o o o t o o ot @ o o o o o o o o o o @ ro o i- o o o (o o @ t (, @ o @ o CD @ o t CD (o (o o 3 ut ul trJ ul IJJ uI UI ttJ uJ uI uJ B 3 E E u.t uJ ul IJJ ut ut UJ UT UJ UI UJ E oz o ro -a-(\ .o -a^N ro -1-ol |o -!c-N ro -i- 6t N\N N\N N\(\l N\N 6t\N N6l o a NN oI ot GI o I N61 o a t- o{ o{ l'-61(\ 1.-6l 6t i- e\l N 61 N .o 61 ro(\ @c,)- o @ cc- o @ co- o € eo- o o tr \t- i-\i- \t- \t\ \ .ool co to C\l @ lo6l @ roN @ ro(\1 @ ro -t^ @ ro -$- c, .o{- @ ro -.e-@ @ o) @ (D @ (D @q(n @ CD @ ro- € @ ro- @ (v, i- (, i- (e (v) f ut = f oY =oY UI !.llo = t f oYf oY IJJ LrJ dt = r{) f oY oY ul tu dl = (o f oYf oY UJF IIJ c0 = t- f oYf oY uIF lrJ dt = f o to Y N f o @ Y (9 f o @ Y t o @ Y .l) f o @ V ul o. 6 =fY UJ ro UJg o =fY UJ (o IIJg o =fY u.t G' Iu o- 6 =DY ul :f otr UJ UJ trl N =ou IIJF IIJ @ (o f ou IJI tuo t ou uIF UJ co lo ot t r.tF UI dt oz o = oz o{ oz o = oz o lJ- f o al,F o o{ o lt f o o o (i) o lr f o o o t o l! fo U'F U'F UJd UJ = E, UJ =UJf o uJ =I!f o LrJ =UJf o ,ul =UI o ul =UI o d GY o d GY o d o-Y o d o.Y o d o.Y o Y o Y o Y o Y o uJ =UJf o UI =UIf o ut =utf o UI =IJJf o ul =LU o oz o = oz o = f o o o l o ct) o o oF ch fo oF oF lrg co oo(of o oo(o =o oo(o =o oo(o f o oo(o f o o co o o(, o o G)r- o o(r, f o o(Y) f o to |o () lo ootf o oort =o oo$ J o ootf o oo!tf o oo otz = oo c{z = ort ot ot os z ctt cD trI uJ =ulf o UJ =utf o ul =ulf o UJ =Lrlf o UI =utf o UI =ut o ul =utf o ut E LrJf o IJJ =UJf o UJ =utf o F o o o F o I.IJ =UJf o UI =UI J o uJ =uif o tu =ul:) o uI =utf o oz o = ozo = o o o o UJ o oo @o oo @o oo @o oo @o oo @o oo @o(9 6t oo @o(9 N oo @o (v) N oo @o (v, N oo @o CO6t oo @o No oo @o(\o oo @o No oo @o No oo @o NN oo @o otN oo @o 6t6t oo @o N6t oo @o N6t oo e,o|oN oo @o ..)6t oo (D o @o oo oo @o oo CDo @o oo (D o G'o 0.oI -llll a !- U,tll l{ =oN =ut 5 llJ Vt tlJ a U, tlJl-f,q I =l{ U,g 5 E Ut U,lrl a t{(9 sl{ -IIu a at, trl lrJ = =o a U, llJ a lI. tr 51- o- o llJq 7s 6 o oo o o o o o o o o o a o o o o o a o o (o N dt o U' o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o ul - o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o f o ct, o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o @tr o o o o o o o o o o o o o lo CD o @ t\ z =o o o o o o r- o (D @ o o o o o t- .o o o o o o o o o o i- o (D @ i- o o ro (n r- i- @ t- (o =UI = 3 3 3 UJ ul UJ IJJ uI UJ IJI ul IIJ UI IJJ UI UJ u,l ul E oz o @or oI @oI oI @ cD- oI CDoI oI @ ro- @ ro- @to @to @to ro\o ro\o ro\o i- ro- o lo_ o N o{ N N (\t () E t{, co^ o) ro co- o) |r) co-(D .o @^ (D @^ @ t- @- @ t- co-(0 co-(o @^@ @q @ @q co @o @ ro arr- o ro a.r_ o @ol o) @ or^ (D @ or o) @oI o @ or (D f IJJ f olo N f o =o (i, Dofo tlo f(9 fo dl o o-Y N @ o o.Y e) dt o o.Y t dl oGY @ o o o.Y (, ot =zF tt otr Yz lo o G, Yz F a) (9 z o Ff o lo oz o Ff oF d tr F N t EF (, d EF $ tr tr |o d E uttrg u o uJFI = F o I!F I E F o IJJF I = o UJ tsI = oz o = oz o = ozo = ozo = oz o = =Y E Y =o E Y 3 Yfo =Y =YDo tro tro z d UJY z d lrtY z dlllY z d UJY z d uIY l! ul E oo(D co oo(n co oo CD co oo CD trl oot"\z = oot-z = oot-z = ooNz = eoi-z = N(v, N(t N(Y) oo(o o oo@ o ooNxo ooNY o ooNY o ooNY o ooNY o = q, U) CO o F o o o oz o = oz o = ozo = oz o = oz o = =Y =Y o 3 Y B Y o =Y =Yfo o o o F o o o o utF o oo (Do oN oo(t)o oN oo(Do oN oo (Do o6t oo o to oo o ao oo o tlo oo o $o oo o Ito oo o (., oo o (o oo o (j oo o oo o oo o G' oo o @ oo o @ oo o @ oo o @ o. o9 tlJ a l-q, t{ tll =oN e llJ 5q ul U, llJ a U, tlJ f, e IIJ .4 tu -I5 E U,q IIJ a tu o slll -l$t aq lrlll| = =o a U, tlJ al{ -lf,l- 0. o tl.tq Io o o ot o{ o oo N o ro |o o o o o o o o o os a o o o o o o o o dl o ID o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o UJ - o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o fq q, o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o dl u, C" (D CD o o $ o t @ (o o @ (i, o r- N o @ $ t (\{ z =o o o i- o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o (D (D o o N o o $ @ (0 o @ (i) o i- c{ o @ t !t (\ =UJ = = = E E E trJ uJ IJJ UI uI ut UI ut UI t! tu IrJ uJ ut UJ UI E oz o NN o a N ot o a t- a a a I t- @^ o q o t-q o @- o o ro o|o oto olo i-N N N(\t 6l 61 |o- o .o^ o lo_ o I E () $_ C(' |o -.c-@ NoI Nor i- N CD. 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EI to ro lo 6to No (\lo No ooto o ooto o ooIo o ooto o oo6tFo oo otFo ooNF o ooNF o ooNtr o ooNu o oo otu o oo otu o oo ottr o oo(o o oo(oFo oo(o o =CDC" m o o o o o o F o F o F o F o o o F o F o F o o o o o J o F o o UJF o oo o o(c oo $to @ ot oo (0 oo @ oo (o oo (o o o o o i- o o o o o o co o o (r) o o (a o o CE o No(o o oto (r) o No ao o oto CC o(\t o ac o oto NN o No NN o 6lo NN 0.oI -.1tll al-ql{ lll =oN =lu a sl- = q{s lu5q o llJ a =l.|Jq llJ -J5 E(rtq tlJ a tll o s llJ -l$l a U,lull| = =o a CT, llJ a\ l- -l5l- o- o llJq 9s 6 o o o o o o o o q o o o o o o o o o o o c0 o U' o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o trII o o o o o o o o o o € t o o o o o o o foo o o o o o o o o ! o o o o o o o o o o mtr U' o o o o o o e o o () o (D o CO o t- z =o o e o o o o o o o ro o o o o o o o o o oF o o o o o t rr) @ t ro o (D o € o h- 3 IJJ u.l UJ UI uJ ul lrJ ut uI IJJ uJ UI UJ UJ IJJ UI I! uI UI LrJ E oz o .o- o h- to^ o r,- ro- o t-to- o .o_ o |o\o .o\o .o\o ro\o @(.r^ o CD crr- o @ crr- o l'-|o^ o .o^ o N oi 6lN D-ol N i-ol(\t i- e\l 6t o E ro cr^ o lo o^ o .o(.r- o ro c.r- o ro(.r- o @ o- @ @q @ @ o_ € @ o^ @ (nq i- (9 r- (Y)q F- ro("r^ o ro o_ o @ or @ C') @ o) @ o) G' (D f UI (9 z o o N oz o f o (t oz o f o t oz o tr =o |o oz o :) o otr Yz ct ou Yz t ou Yz lo otr =z o lJ- f o al, oF (o o lJ- :) o U'F o .r) o lr fo o (t oz o f o c) oz o oF D otr UIF UJo N f otr uJF uJo (v, D ou UJF !.rI t0 t f otr IIJ ut co ro :) ou IJJF UJ co UJu ul = u tro tro tro tro tro B Y =Yfo =Y E YDo =Y E Y =al, B Y E Y :fo f o oF oF f o oF oF =o oF o tro tro IIJ =ul =o ul =u.l o u.t =IJJf o UI =utf o u.t =UI o !.l. ul(Il oo(ot-o oo(o o oo(o o oo(o o oo(o o N CC 6t(n Nc) N(t, os ot ot oo(o 6 oo(oFo ootf o ootfo oos) o ootf o ootf o z oo co o o F o F o F o 3 Y 3 Yfo E Y E Y o =Y =Yfo 3 Y =Yfo F o F o F o o o u.t =l!f o ul =UI J o ul =uJ J o u.l =UI o u.l =UJf o I!F o oo (v, o @6t oo G)o @ o{ oo(c o @ N oo G',llo @(\t oe cl,o @N ooto G' ooto G' oo to @ oo to @ o(,)o i-o o(co o o aoo o o C)o t o(co tl o(oo CD o aco CD o (Y'o CD o(')o (D o d,o(n o.oI -l ur al- u, ltJ l! =oN =lrl tu o tr lrJ -l U,lu -l5 E U, ca tlJ a lrl o sl! -l$t a ca UJllt = =o a cn llJ a\tr -t5l- o. o!{q l0 o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o os o o dl oo o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o UJr o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o foo o o o o o o o o o t C) t o o o o o dltr o t- t @ (D (o o r{) o o o o o o o o o z E o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o .o @ .o Fo i- t @ CD (o o lo t G) t o o ro @ ro =UJ UJ UJ = = = = = UJ ul lll ut UJ uI UI UI ul UI UI E oz o i- o{ N ro6t @CD o I @ CD o C('(D o a @ o) o a @(D o a (9 o- c) C) o-(n ro\o ro\o ro\o .o\o @ .o @lo @ro €|o @.o o EF @ q) @ rr)- @ t., @- CD ro @_ CD .o co- (D lo @- or ro @- (D € .o G'ro @o- @ @ o- @ @ o_ @ @ o- @ r- @_(o @_(o @-(o @-(0 i- @-(o f uJ = t- f otr UJ trJ dl oz o = az :)(9 o N f ofo c, f o o t =o o lo f ofo UIoo o o uto Ch o o N ot Yz a) o G Yz t otr =ztr ro ot Yz tr o oGY (\t @ o o-Y (9 dt o a-Y t m oGY |o (Il o o.Y IJJu ul = u IJJ =ul o oz o = o ul E = o UI E E o I! E = o IJJ E 3 o ul E = Foo F oo =Y 3 Y =o =Y =Y)o E Y =Yfo E Y =Y =o oz o = oz o = oz o = oz o = oz o = l!g dl oot :) o ooNz = oo o)dl oo CD @ oo(D o oo CD c0 oo(D co ooNoz oo6toz N co N(r) N(t, N(v) oo z = oo z = oo z = oo z = ooNz = =oo o UI =ul) o oz o = o o o F o F o E utIz trluIz E Y B Yfo E Y =Y J U' =Y E Yfo E Y 3 Yf @ oz o = ozo = ozo = ozo = oz o = uJF o o(,)o (D o(', o NN o(t o o(,) o G'o o(il, o(9o o a2 o e)o o c,l' o G)o o(a o $o(Do o to o,o oto oN o to e(\t o to oN o to o o{ o t!o .oN oto ..,N o Ito .o(\t o Ito toN o to .o6t a.oI -l UJ a l- ca ut UI eoN =UJ lll(, tr $J -l U,lu 5 E co CT,lu al{ o s llJ lrJ aq lrJ tlJ =eo a u, llJ a\trq -I5l- o. o 1{q ll lt'FJ = 1t LLId, z o -lF U -llJ. -Fz 1rIa -lJ U -(.7 oJ o - I ELd o ri .,.i '.I i-.* ia .-.-I.r')t.f;r: ' *'.2 .t.. .1 . .:.'v- . It' :.4.. '-.';.r .r. ,, h-i.,.' ''-tY--'' -rtb. ' . 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',8', :,. ii: ., .t :---r V4 l2 MORPHOLOGICAL IDE NTIFICATION RE SULTS BENIN CATCHING POINTS RIVERS DATE SEASON WATER LEVEL CONDITION MORPHOSPECIES SAV S/SQ YA ALIBORI ALIBORI 2t.06.01 Rainy Ri s ing 7 0 0 04.07.01 Rainy Ri s ing 27 0 0 19.07.01 Rainy Ris ing 32 0 0 BAT IA PENDJAR] 06.07.00 Rainy Ri s ing 84 0 U 31.01.01 Dry Low 82 0 U BETEROU OUEME 22.08.00 Rainy High 23 0 0 19.03.01 Dry Very low 108 0 0 GBASSE SOTA 09.04.01 Dry Very low 62 0 n KABOUA OKPARA 23.08.00 Rainy High 10 61 n 16.05.01 Rainy Ris ing 57 18 0 KEREMOU MEKROU 28.07.00 Rainy Ris ing 31 0 0 29.05.01 Rainy Ri s ing t2 0 0 20.06.01 Rainy Ris ing 45 0 0 KPOBA MONO 04.08.00 Rainy High 29 0 0 04. 10.00 Rainy High 51 0 0 25.04.01 Dry Very low 53 0 U M I BETEKOUKOU OUEME 11.08.00 Rainy Hiqh 53 4 0 19.05.01 Rainy Ris ing 38 2 0 l3 MORPHOLOGICAL IDENTIFICATION RE SULTS GHANA CATCHING POINTS RIVERS DATE SEASON WATER LEVEL CONDITION MORPHOSPECIES SAV s/sQ YA ASUBENDE PRU 15.06.00 Rainy Rising 33 0 0 20.07.00 Rainy Ri s ing t02 0 0 t_6.11.00 Dry Low 89 0 il EKUMDI PE DAKA 06.07 .00 Rainy Ri s ing 74 0 0 02.08.00 Rainy Hiqh 16 0 0 30.01.01 Dry Low 2 0 U SUGU WHITE 20.09.00 Rainy High L20 0 0 VOLTA 30.03.01 Dry Very low 61 0 0 TSATSADU-FALLS TSATSADI 08.09.00 Rainy High 0 5 48 07.03.01 Dry Very low 0 3 42 \ l4 MORPHOLOGICAL IDE NTIFICAIION RE SULTS TOGO CATCHING POINTS RIVERS DATE SEASON WATER LEVEL CONDITION MORPHOSPECIES SAV S/SQ YA BAGAN MO L2.05.00 Rainy Ris ing 2t 4 0 02.06.00 Rainy Ris ing 43 1 0 17.01.01 Dry Low 95 0 0 LANDA-MONO MONO 28 .0 5. 00 Rainy Ris ing 4 42 0 22.03.01 Dry Very Iow 1 36 0 LANDA-POZANDA KARA 13.05.00 Rainy Ri s ing 28 0 0 L2 .02 .0L Dry Low t6 0 0 13.02.01 Dry Low 13 0 0 TINKIRO ASUKAWKAh i8.04.00 Dry Very low 0 4'l 0 13.10.00 Rainy High 0 92 0 20.04.01 Dry Very low 0 65 0 13.07.00 Rainy Ri s ing 84 0 0 TITIRA KERAN 18.10.00 Rainy High 22 0 0 2L .10 . 00 Rainy Hiqh 104 0 U 14.02.01 Dry Low 58 0 0 17 .03.00 Dry Low 63 0 0 TOUTIONGA OTI 17.10.00 Rainy Hiqh 44 U 0 22 .02 .0t Dry Low 40 0 0 14.03.01 Dry Very low 46 0 U l5 OBSERVATIONS / COMMENTS The study started on the 2810312000 and ended up on the 1910712001, thus covering a period of l7 months. Cytotaxonomic identifications were carried out by G. Fiasorgbor (Technical Officer) and S. Naniogu6 (Laboratory Technician). Morphological identifications '*ere by S. Bil6ou (Assistant Entomologist) and A. Adji (Laboratory Technician). ) The study in 200012001 as compared to the study in 1995/96 was carried out under the most difficult conditions. All the participants in the study were called upon from time to time to perform other duties and this compelled us to leave the entire rearing operations in the hands of a temporary recruited laboratory auxiliary at times. This did not augur well for a scientific operation like the rearing of S. damnosum (s.1.) complex in the laboratory which requires much attention from well trained expert entomologists or laboratory technicians. It was extremely difficult to catch flies at the lowest water level (the period marked < etiage >). For this reason, some catching sites were visited for more than three times before we were able to get flies for rearing. As a result, the calendar or the prograrnme established before the start of work was not rigidly respected. Some of the catching dates overlap into the rainy season. An aerated river water is needed at all times to change the water in the rearing system once a day for the bigger 2 litres bottle and twice a day for the small 1 litre bottle. The water must not be fetched from the rivers under larviciding treatment. If there is no alternative, the water must be fetched some 4-5 days after treatment. This precaution is very important in order to avoid contamination thus retarding the development of the larvae or killing them altogether. The laboratory rearing of S. damnosum complex is useful to the OCP in the following fields of investigations : l. Provision of material for cytotaxonomic determination, morphological identification and DNA analysis. 2. Species identification of reinvading flies. 3. Distribution of biting populations of S. damnosum complex species. 4. Host preferences of species within the complex. 5. Vector potential of S. dmnosum complex species for Onchocerca volvulus and Onchocerca ochengi. 6. Study of cross-mating between the different members of the S. damnosum (s.1.) complex. I l6 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are quite grateful to the initiators of the study, particularly to Dr L. Yam6ogo (Chief VCLD ; Dr K.L.B. Akpoboua (ATOA/C[I) ; Dr H. Agoua (CAT Zone East) ; and Dr Laurent To6 and his team in Ouagadougou who are to work on the large accumulation of samples from the study. Our sincere thanks go to all the drivers and vector collectors who have been involved in the field collection of blood-fed females of S. damnosum (s.1.) complex for the study. 17 List of materials needed for S. damnosum (.s.1.) rearine 1. Air pomp (HY Flo) 2. Diffusers 3. Troughs (2 I Wide-Mouthed Bottles) 4. Troughs (1 I Beakers) 5. Plastic Jerrycans 6. Plastic tubes (Small size - 0.8-C) 7. Plastic tubes (Medium - 1.2 d) 8. Generator (As standby for electricity supply) 9. "Tetra" Fish food 10. Thermometer 11. Graduated pipette (10 ml) 12. Graduated tubes (a5 ml) 13. Extension Line (For electricity) 14. Scapel 15. Mosquito netting 16. Scissors (Medium-size) I 7. Scissors (Small-size) 18. Forceps (Hard) 19. Forceps (Soft) 20. Long Forceps (With Hook end) 21. Rubber-tubing for Air pomp 22. Clips (for fastening) 23. Cotton wool 24. Plastic catching tubes 25. Plastic-tray 26. Aluminium plate 27. Plastic petri dishes 28. Scotch tape (for labelling) 29. Prospection glass tubes (25 ml) 30. Ependorf plastic tubes 31. Washing bottles (for holding alcohol) 32. Washing bottles (for holdingwater) 33. Rubber bands (1 pkt) 34. Pipettes 35. Rubber-teats 36. Machine oil 37. Plastic bags 38. Whatman Filter Paper :24.0 cm (10) ' 39. 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