(WP)ICP/DNH/002
12 October 1977
ENGLISH ONLY
FINAL REPORT ON THE SECOND REGIONAL COURSE IN PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY Singapore and Malaysia 6 June to 21 July 1977
by
Dr Chellie J. Sundram Course Director
Manila, Philippines World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific
·
.
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CONTEN.TS
1.
INTRODUCTION .............................................. . OBJECTIVES ................................................ . ORGANIZATION ................... ....................................................................... . ,
1 1
2.
3.
3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4
Faculty ( facilitators) .........••..................... Coordinator ........................................... Accommodations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Teaching notes and conferences ....... ,................ "
2 3 3 3 4
4.
LEARNING PROCESS ....................................... ........................................... . Small group 1 earning ...........................•....... Large group learning .................................. Teaching plans ........................................ . Topics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Intervention and supporting colored slide-sound programmes ............................................ 4.6 Structured learning experiences ....................... 4.. 1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5
4 4 4 4 4 5 5
5.
CONTENT .•.................................................. 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Self-instructional programmes ......................... Oral health survey exercise .................... ....... Dental health education ............................... Dental auxiliary training and dental education ........
5 6 6 7 7
6.
EVALUATION ................................................ . 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 Assessment of participants ......... ................ ... Daily evaluation of facilitators by participants .. .... Output indicators ..................................... Final evaluation of the course ........................ Fellowship termination of studies report ..............
7 8 8 8 9 9
7.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................................... .
· - ii -
'
ANNEX 1 ANNEX 2 ANNEX 3 ANNEX 4 ANNEX 5 ANNEX 6 ANNEX 7 ANNEX 8 ANNEX 9 ANNEX 10
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INFORMATION BULLETIN NO.6 INFORMATION BULLETIN NO.4 PROGRAMME OF DAILY ACTIVITIES INTERVENTION AND SUPPORTING SLIDE-TAPE PROGRAMMES ....•.•....•••...•..•.......•••...•. PROGRESSIVE ASSESSMENT OF PARTICIPANTS PROGRESSIVE ASSESSMENT OF PARTICIPANTS BY TESTS .•••..•...•.•..•....•..•......••..•... DAILY EVALUATION OF FACILITATORS .•.•••.••....• ACTION SHEET - AN EXAMPLE OF ENTRIES BY ONE PARTICIPANT............................ PARTICIPANT'S EXPECTATIONS ..•..••••.•.•...•... FINAL EVALUATION QUESTIONNAIRE .•••.•••.•...... WORKING PAPERS AND REFERENCE MATERIAL ISSUED TO PARTICIPANTS .•.. ,..................
11
17 31 33 37 41/42 43/44 45/46 47 53
1.
INTRODUCTION
The Second WHO Regional course in Public Health Dentistry was held in Singapore from 6 to 20 June 1977, in Penang from 21 June to 19 July, and in Kuala Lumpur on 20 July. The six-week course wasspOnso,.ed by Organization's Regional Office for the Western Pacific and was hosted by the Governments of Singapore and Malaysia. Participants were invited from 15 countrie,s; 13 countries sent nominations. There were in all 15 participants (Annex 1). Seven were senior dental therapists in supervisory or teaching positions, eight were dentists in administrative and/or teaching positions. 2.
OBJECTIVES
2.1
The general objective of the course was:
to give participants theoretical and practical experience in the basic elements of dental public health practice in relation to ongoing programmes, including the principles of curriculum designing, project delivery and management techniques for oral health care. The specific objectives listed in Annex 2 were considered the main topics for which teaching plans were developed. Sub-objectives were identified for each objective and appt'oaches and strategies were designed accordingly. At the end of the course, participants were expected to be able to: topic 1 - understand the principles of resource allocation and cost-benefit analysis; topic 2 - apply cost-benefit (cost-effective) analysis for the selection of alternatives (activities/projects/programmes); . topic 3 -conduct a basic oral health survey with a component showing the treatment required in the group surveyed'·; topic 4 - interpret oral health survey data for the purpose of planning an oral health programme; topiC 5 ;,.. draw up continuing education programmes of personnel which include tools to assess competenCies; topic 6 programme; topic 7 topic 8 topic 9 dentalh~alth
- draw up priorities in the planning of an oral health - identify relevant Objectives of an oral health'programme; - plan and execute an oral disease prevention programme; - understand the prinCiples of evaluating project delivery;
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topic 10 - plan and execute a dental health education campaign; topic 11 - define objectives and design an evaluation tool for an educational activity; topic 12 - use a systems approach to design a relevant data gathe~ed; cur~iculum
using
topic 13 - draw up curricula for the various dental health personnel to be used in the delivery of dental health services; topic 14 - apply general principles of motivation, decision-making and problem-solving to obtain behavioural changes. 3. 3.1 Faculty (facilitators) ORGANIZATION
The course director had the overall responsibility for the conduct of the course and for ensuring that the course objectives were met. Th~ee conSUltants recruited by WHO were assigned teaching tasks for specific periods in relation to their"espective experti.se. The writer har'ldled 25 teaching sessions out of a total of 50 sessions held during the six-week training. Dr Michael Hollis, Assistant Director of the Division of Dental Health, Department of Health, New Zealand, dealt with cost-benefit analysis; Professor Blanche Barbers, Associate Professor of the Institute of Public Health, University of the Philippines, assisted in teaching preventive dentistry with empl'lasis on fluorides and dental health, .~nd Dr Christine Garrick, a Lecturer from the Regional Teacher Training Centre of the University of New South Wales, assisted in teaching some aspects of instructional design, teacher evaluation and stUdent assessment. Three temporary advisers from Singapore helped in demonstrating ongoing p ..ojects in relation to government dental care services and programmes fo .. prevention and control of dental diseases in their country. Seven temporary advisers r .. om the Division of Dental Services, Ministry of Health, Malaysia assisted fo~ one week in the conduct of a simulated oral health survey at the Dental Training School, Penang, and participated in diSCUssions on the education of dentists, school dental nurses, dental health education and pla"lni"lg dental ca~e delivery systems based on survey data in Malaysia (Annex 1). The consultants, temporary advisers and course di,.ectoro lo(ere designated "facilitators" for each session they were responsible for. When their main responsibility for a session ended they were utilized where necessary as co-facilitators. The facilitator designated fo .. a session devised his or her own strategies and approaches for the lea~ning/teaching experience.
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3.2
Coordinator A coordinator was recruited to assist the course director in:
(a) collating and summarizing the daily evaluation of each facilitator's session, (b) giving feedback from participants t~ the course director regarding each session so that modification could be made for subsequent sessions; (c) keeping participants alert to the need for making periodic notes in the action sheet; (d) ensuring that the assessment of participants by the main facilitators was maintained; (e) collecting the completed participants' evaluation questionnaire concerning the course; and (f) looking after of the general welfare of participants and facilitators.
3.3
Accomodations
In Singapore, the daily sessions were held in the air-conditioned new lecture theatre of the King Edward VII College of Medicine, while the participants were accommodated in the K.E. Hall nearby. In Penang, the participants were accommodated in the government conference hotel (Wi sma Persekutuan), and all sessions were held in an air-conditioned conference hall with facilities for social amenities. The oral health survey was conducted in the Dental Training School, for four days. Field visits were arranged by the Malaysian hosts. 3.4 Teaching notes and references
Participants were not given any assignments of any kind after hours as these would have caused mental exhaustion for an intensive course of this nature. Teaching notes for each session were completed ahead and given as handouts. Working papers and reference documents related to course topics were issued to each participant at the beginning of the course (Annex 10).
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4. 4.1 Small group learning
LEARNING PROCESS
Early in the course The 15 participants were divided into three groups. The leader of each group was a dental director of a country or area and the co-leader was a participant from the academic field. The dental officers, dental therapists and tutors were distributed among the three groups making five in each group. The participants assisted in this process at a plenary session. The same group composition was maintained throughout the course when three groups were required for structured learning experiences. 4.2 Large group learning
Where it was required a topic was commenced with a plenary session during which the desired learning results were identified to all participants. Facilitators used the whole group for developing a theme by the stimuli-response technique. Although individual responses were in fact obtained, interaction between individuals made this a large group learning process. 4.3 Teaching plans
Facilitators designed their own teaching plans and strategies based on the topics and sub-objectives shown in the programme (Annex 2). 4.4 Topics
The topics were not dealt with in the order enumerated in the list of objectives. For example, sessions in som.e instances were held for one topic in Singapore with one main facilitator and continued with another facilitator later on in the course. An example is topic (B) "Education process in small groups" shown in item 05 of the programme. One aspect, discussion technique, was demonstrated in three small groups as a structured experience by the writer and restated in a different manner under curriculum design by Dr Garrick with the participation of the whole group. Again in achievement motivation, team building, problem analysis and decision analysis as components of leadership training within the public health movement, the writer gave a variety of inputs and involved the participants in structured experiences using management techniques 4.5 Intervention and supporting coloured slide-sound programmes
The writer presented nine colour-slide programmes with prerecorded sound and commentary to serve as illustrative and supporting material for his inputs (Annex 3). Some of these were self-instructional slide-tape programmes in support of the topic under discussion; others were intervention programmes to maintain interest of the group but related to the topics under discussion. The writer also gave two presentations on "Precious through the ages" and "Alphagenics".
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4.6
Structured learning experiences
Structured learning experiences, some designed by the writer for the course and others adapted by him for the relevant topic, were utilized throughout the course. Prepared teachers' notes were given to the participants for small group work either before or after the le~rning experience. Some of the writer's contributions were as follows: (a) te~m building - a structured learning experien~e ca1led an architectural dilemma to engineer an aggression 'ind .-,J,}b:'leque'ltly deflate the aggre:'lsion using three small grOUp:'l; (b) achievement motivation - a structured learning experience for studying published findings related to achievement motivation anrt ~Ovl achievement drive; (c) discussion techniques and the engineering of consent - a competttion among three groups to highlight salient features in the discussion/meeting techniques; (d) brainstorming and nominal group technique - a method of generating ideas and selecting priorities by voting; (e) performance problem analysis - an t llustrated flow chart built up in stages by the use of overhead transparenci.es for identifying 8'1d solving performance problems; (f) modified force-field analysis - the Lewinian pictorial method of problem-solving was adapted for identifying an individual's prohlems and designing strategies for solving them; (g) problem analysis and decision making - a systematic method of displaying all information relating to the group or (Jol'po"'ate problems, analyzing the in formatt on , arriving at the most likely course, and "destroying the cause" to see if the problem has act'l:'llly been sol vert •
5 .. CONTENT 5.1 Self-instructional programmes
A unique feature of the course content was the presentation and utilization of four types of self-instructional methods, most of "'hich vi!'!"'!'! especially developed for the course. 5.1.1 Cost~benefit
analysis
Dr Hollis, introduced the SUbject of cost-benefit analysis and over a period of three days gave 26 examples of cost-benefit, cost-effectL;fenes~ 'lnd effort-effectiveness in five handouts for the participants to work on. Topic 1 on resource allocation had three self-i>1stl"ljctional elC'3"(!i.if'!S.
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5.1.2
Interpreting oral health survey data
This was conducted in two parts with a two_part self-instructional text developed by Professor Barbers. A Question sheet in part 1 was used for assessing the participants' knowledge as a pre-test, prior to studying the text by themselves, then as a self-test after reading the text and finally as a post-test during the fifth week. The pre-test was marked by Dr Wong Hee Deong, Senior Dental Officer, Institute of Dental Health, Singapore, the self-test by the participants themselves and the post-test by Dr Garrick according to the answers prepared by Professor Barbers (Annex 4). This is further explained under evaluation (para 6.1.2). 5.1.3 Curriculum designing
A self-instructional text for constructing and analyzing an "error matrix" of students' test results, with a feedback for the reader, was explained by the writer. Participants studied the text and marked their understanding of the system from a feedback. The analysis of an error matrix enabled the teacher to keep a record of the test items and those needing revision, the areas for reinstruction by the teacher, and the learning progress of the class as a whole. The writer also discussed the preparation of teaching plans (strategies and approaches) and the method of preparation of students' progress as well as procedures for the teacher to adopt. 5.1.4 Preparation of a self-instructional audio-slide programme
The participants having been exposed to a series of slide-sound (or audio-slide) programmes (Annex 3) by the writer, were then shown the technique of preparing a script and planning the illustrations to go with it by Dr Garrick. An exercise illustrating a half-completed script prepared by her was given to the participants in three groups and their efforts were presented on overhead transparencies by the writer and the relative merits and demerits were discussed by the participants. 5.2 Oral health survey exercise
Feeling that interpreting oral health survey data had more functional value than doing an actual oral health survey, the participants conducted a simulated survey at the Dental Training School, under the guidance of local temporary advisers, Dr Yoong Kin Poon, Dr Mohammed Yaacob, Dr A. Tajjudin, and Dr Haji Mohd. Ariffin. This took four days. Oral health survey data of Malaysia and a WHO publication, (oral health survey, basic methods), were studied and the functional application was reviewed by a local panel of advisers. Dr Abdul Rahman, Director of Dental Services then conducted a session on problems associated with planning a dental care delivery service. 5.3 Dental health education
In addition to reviewing the final report of the working group on dental health education, a number of field visits were made in Singapore to study methods of producing dental health education posters, pamphlets, competitions and teaching aids simply and cheaply. This was demonstrated at the Institute of Dental Health under Dr Wong.
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As a means of summarizing the approaches in dental health education, the writer presented a coloured slide..,sound programme on communication and teaching. 5.4 Dental auxiliary training and dental education
Participants spent one day at the Dental Training School for nurses and technicians in Penang. Dr Abdullah bin Johari, Director of the School, answel'ed questions from th,e participants in. connexion with the training. On their way to Singapore, the participants .visi ted the D.ental Faculty, University of Malaya. Professor Dato (Dr) Ibrahim bin Haji Mohd. Yassin, Dean, explained many aspects of d.ental education. The. visitors were also shown the physical facilities. 6. 6.1 Assessment of participants EVALUATION
Three types of assessments were. made. One was an independent grading of each participant by the four facilitators; another was a pre-test and a post-test and the third was a self-test by the participants. . 6.1.1 Pl'ogressive assessment of participants by facilitators
The criteria for grading were identified by each facilitator under knowledge, skills and attitudes gained. This was done by the designated facilitatol' at two-week intervals and a final assessment was made by the course director. The participants were assigned numbers known only to the facilitators and the coordinator. The facilitators were not shown each other's gradings prior to the assessment (Annex 4). 6.1.2
Pre-test, self-test and post-test (Annex 5)
The pre-test, self-test and post-test were done using questions in part 1 of the self-instructional programme on interpreting oral health survey data. Pre-test: participants were required to answer the questions fully. Grading was done by Dr Wong according to model answers presented in part 1. Self-test: participants were required to read the text of part 1 and give themselves a score according to the answers given. Post-test: after a lapse of ten days, and subsequent to the simulated oral health survey, participants were given the same text and graded by Dr Garrick using the given answers .•
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6.2
Daily evaluation of facilitators by participants
At the end of each session the facilitator was evaluated by the participants. A questionnaire designed by the writer was completed by every participant and summarized by the coordinator and the summary presented to the facilitator concerned (Annex 6). 6.3 Output indicators
An action sheet was supplied to each participant early in the course to record ideas and techniques gathered during the training for possible implementation in the participant's home country. The items in the action sheet would also be the basis for follow-up visits to assess the work of the course and thus serve as "output indicators". An example of one participant's entries in the form. supplied is shown in Annex 7. 6.4 6.4.1 Final evaluation of the course Expectations of participants
Within the first few days, a two-part "expectations sheet" was distributed to the participants wherein their expectations about the course were stated .. These were collected and reissued to them at the end of the course. The participants then wrote their feelings after the course in relation to their initial expectations. Seven dentists and one dental nurse said the course was far above their expectations. Seven dental therapists said it was up to their expectations; one dentist did not respond. All found the course a useful and enjoyable experience. An example of the form used is in Annex 8. 6.4.2 Final evaluation questionnaire
A two-part final evaluation questionnaire was completed by the participants. 6.4.2.1 Administrative aspects The following were considered very satisfactory: (a) (b) (c) travel arrangements; financial arrangements; physical arrangements.
6.4.2.2 Technical aspects All respondents stated that the specific objectives of the course were met, that new management skills and concepts were learnt, that there was, to a great extent, an exchange of knowledge and experience among participants and facilitators, that the strategies and approaches used were satisfactory, that ample opportunity was given to participate in group discussions and that the after the course feelings were good.
All 15 participants agreed that the presentations of the facilitators on the 20 topics were useful; 13 stated that the topics studied were "very useful" (Annex 9). 6.5 Fellowship termination of studies report
Each participant was required to submit a report to the Regional Office through his government. In addition to completing a multiple-choice questionnaire prepared by WHO, the fellow was invited to send a copy of the report (not exceeding three pages) prepared for his/her government in connexion with the fellowship studies. 7. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The Governments of Singapore and Malaysia are thanked for the valuable assistance given for conducting the Second Regional WHO Course in Public Health Dentistry.
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ANNEX SECOND REGIONAL COURSE IN PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY Singapore and Malaysia 6 June to 21 July 1977 INFORMATION BULLETIN NO. 6 LIST OF PARTICIPANTS, CONSULTANTS, TEMPORARY ADVISERS AND SECRETARIAT 1. FIJI PARTICIPANTS
WPRIORH/IB/6/REV. 6 June 1977 ENGLISH ONLY
Dr M. Ligani Dental Officer Dental Clinic Lautoka Hospital Lautoka, Fiji Mrs H~I.V. Chaudhary Dental Therapist Dental Division C.W.H. Hospital Suva, Fiji
HONG KONG
Mrs Mabel Yuen Yan Hei-po Dental Therapist Dental Centre Wanchai Polyclinic Kennedy Road Hong Kong Dr Yoshiyuki Sakamoto Dental Officer & Deputy Director Dental Health Division Medical Affairs Bureau Ministry of Health & Welfare Tokyo, Japan Dr Seong-Heui Son Associate Professor Department of Periodontology Seoul National University Seoul, Korea Miss Kang Guat Bee Dental Matron Health Office Alor Star, Kedah Malaysia
JAPAN
KOREA
MALAYSIA
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Annex 1 NEW ZEALAND Miss Ere K. Morete Dental Tutor Sister School for Dental Nurses Edenvale Road, Mt. Eden Auckland 3, New Zealand Mr Sylvester Isari Dental Therapist Department of Public Health Konedobu Papua New Guinea Dr Aurora C. Rojas Assistant Professor in Public Health Administration Institute of Public Health University of the Philippines Pedro Gil Street Manila, Philippines Mrs Gloria Lim Higher Nursing Officer (Dental) Dental Nurses Training School Institute of Dental Health Hyderabad Road Singapore 5 Dr George Ngumi Dental Officer Dental Section Ministry of Health & Welfare Honiara, Solomon Islands Dr Sione Kilisimasi Chief Dental Officer Ministry of Health Nuku'alofa, Tonga Miss Alodia M. Tol Dental NUrse Dental Health Services Colonia, Yap, TTPI Dr Jack Helkena Chief of Dental Health Services Department of Health Services Saipan, Mariana Islands, TTP! WESTERN SAMOA Dr Pita U. Taouma Chief Dental Officer Dental Clinic National Hospital Apia, Western Samoa
PAPUA NEW GUINEA
PHILIPPINES
SINGAPORE
SOLOMON ISLANDS
TONGA
TRUST TERRITORY OF THE PACIFIC ISLANDS
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Annex'
2. 6 to 11 June
CONSULTANTS AND ADVISERS (FACILITATORS) Mr Michael H•. Hol.lis· Assistant Director, Dental Division Department of Health . Wellington, New Zealand Dr Blanche C. Barbers Associate Professor . Institute of Public Health University of the Philippines System Manila, Philippines Dr Christine E. Garrick Staff Memlier Regional TeClc~er Training Centre University of New South Wales Sydney, Australia ' Professor (Dato) DJ" Ibrahim bin Haji MoM. Yassin Dean, Dental Facuity University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Dr Abdul Rahman bin Awang Director, Dental Division Ministry of Health 2nd Floor, HMA Building Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Dr Abdullah Johari Director, Dental Training School 3 Sepoy Lines Road, Penang Malaysia Dr Haji Mohd. Ariffin Senior Dental Officer Public Health Trengganu, Malaysia Dr A. Tajuddin Senior Dental Officer StatistiCS, Ministry of Health 2nd Floor, MHA Building Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
22 to 30 June
, to 22 July
7 days
7 days in June/July
7 days in June
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Annex 1 Dr Yoong Kin Poon Director, Dental Services, Johore Government Dental Clinic Johore Baharu, Malaysia Dr Mohammed Yaacob Senior Dental Officer Public Health Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 7 days in June Dr Chua Sui Yeow Director, Dental Services Singapore Ministry of Health Pahang Road, Singapore 2 Dr Tan Yok Lin Senior Dental Officer Ministry of Health Palmer Road, Singapore 2 Dr Wong Hee Deong Senior Dental Officer Institute of Dental Health Hyderahad Road, Alexandria Park Singapore 2
7 days in June
14 days in June
3. 1
SECRETARIAT
June to 25 July
Ms S. Nirmalanayaki (Course Coordinator) Staff Dental Nurse Kedah, Government Dental Clinic A10r Star, Kedah, Malaysia Dr Chellie J. Sundram WHO - Staff Member WPRO, Manila (Course Director)
1
June to 25 July
I
..
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ANNEX 2 'WPR/ORH/IB/4 Rev.1
SECOND RlGIOllAL COUIlSE IN PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY Singapore and Malaysia 6 June to 21 July 1977 . INFbRHATlONBULi.ETI~ NO. 4 • PROGRAMME'" ,OJ' ." AC'I,IVlT~ES
23 July 1977 ENGLISH :ONLY
DAILY Hosts:
Singapore, 6 June to 20 June* penang, Malaysia, 21 June to 21 July
ITDlS n1
tOPICS Topic .. 6 Jun~ 7 June
At the end of the sessions participants will be able to:
Facilitatorsl Approaches
(A') Coat-benefit analysis (A) Sub-objectives: (8) Resource allocation analyse a project activity in relation to cost and benefit 'Introduction to educational p~ocess understand its application in ... 11 ,groups and know the cost and benefit of progra. .e ori~tation fluoride in the prevention by Course Director of dental caries understand the implications of cost-effectiveness and costbenefit Document reference: 1974 - Cost and benefit of fluoride in the prevention of dental caries, G.N. Davies, WHO, Geneva, 1974 . (B) Sub-objectives: use the principles of allocation resou~ce
Facilitator:
CA) & (B)
Dr Michael Hollis (general principles) Co-facilitators: Dr Wong Hee Deong (fluoride) Dr Tan Yok Lin (field visits)
Approaches: lectures for (A) and (B) ",ith examples in small groups field .visits for a school tooth-, . br\lshing proj ect, . de~talcare delivery systema in Singapore
apptythe principles of costbenefit analysis
•
understand the princ:1p les of educational process in small groups know the aims' of, the course
and
requirements
*Opening ceremony, 6 June 1977 morning, followed by introduction of partlc,ipants, orientation" adllinistration and finance by the .course director and other WHO staff.
Annex 2
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02
Topic 2
-
8 June Sub':obJectives: select appropriate activity or project within a progra....e based on cost-benefit analysis evaluate effectiveness of an activity or project in relation to costs Facilitator: Dr Michael Hollis Co-facilitators: Dr Wong Hee Deong Dr Tan Yok Lin Approaches lecture demonstration small group learning process group project: • in small groups select activities or projects applicable in your country situation based on exercises on cost-benefit I cost-effective analysis field visits: school dental clinics and dental care centres
•
App lying costbenefit analysis for progr...e selection Document reference: cf. Topic 1 Also working papers
5-group participation exercises Handout: Cost-benefit/costeffective analysis as applied to dentistry, M.H. Hollis
')1
Topic 3 Part I
-
9 June Sub-objectives: apply the WHO standard methods for reporting oral diseases and conditions work out the requirements for public health planning, i.e. assessment of treatment Faci litator: Dr Wong Hee Deong (Discussion of problems and methodo logy) Co-facilitator: Or Yoong Kin Po on
•
Conducting a basic oral health survey with a treatment component Document references: 1971 - WHO booklet in Oral Health Surveys Basic Methods 1975 - An evaluation of proposed revisions to WHO manual - Oral health suveys - basic methods Note: Item 13 for Part 2, practical
know the extent and consequences of exaainer variability Approaches: conduct calibration trials of examiners (between examiner variability and within examiner consistency) conduct an oral health survey
discussion led by facilitators small groups
• •
preparation to conduct a one-day oral health survey in Penang under simula ted conditions explanation of "Action Sheet"
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Annex 2
04
Topic 4 - 9 June Part 1 Interpret ,ira 1 health survey data for purposes of planning DocUlllent reference:, A self-instructional programme on interpreting dental survey data. Part 1 - Barbers, B.C. Note: - cf. item 16 ,for Part 2 - Topic 5(B) may be coaaenced here Sub-objectives: "
•
Facilitator: Dr Won& Hee Deong Co-facilitator: Dr Chellie J. Sundram Approaches: main lecture small group discussion group project: selfinstructional exercise in interpreting oral health survey data • A
e~idemlologicat
interpret onil health data
utilize data to identify setvlce priorities " plan manpower development for a dental care delivery service determine the type of dental health personnel needed select strategies after a' situation analysis
• Pre-test • Self-test 05 Topic 5 - 10 June 11 June (l/2 day) Sub-objectives: identify types of formal progr8llllDesin the Region know the locations and fad litles for forillal continuing education design tools to assess competencies apply the evaluation tools used by WHO/WPRO References: - Daily evaluation of faci litators by participants - Final evaluation questionnaire of course by participant s know the implications of informal but' structured learning experiences' Facilitator (A) Dr Cheliie J. Sundr.m Co_facilitators:: " Dr Michael Hollis Dr Wong Hee Deorig, Approaches: facilitators will present types of continuing education small group discussion on too ls to aSlless competencies group project,:, • Presentation by groups of most suitable designs to assess competencies 5 tide-tape presentations (a) "sensitivity tes,t" (b) body language non-verbal coamrunication
•
CA) Continuing education and tools to assess competencies
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Annex 2
05
Topic 5 - (continued) (B) Educational process (B) Sub-obJectivea:
•
Facilitator (B) Dr Chellie J. Sundram Approaches: utilization of small group process out lining of processes identifying principles of learning and teaching small group exercise: discussion techniques slide-tape programmes (a) to support discussion techniqu~
in _11 groups
-
use small group learning processes selectively understand the principles of learning and teaching
Hote: See item 18, Part 5 (11-12 July) for a more detailed identification of process and application Handout: An instructional programme on discussion technique, Sundram, C.J.
-
-
(b) body language (non-verbal cOlllllUnication) 06
Topic 6 - 13 June Priorities (situation analysis) in planning an oral health programme (curative and preventive) Document reference: (topics 4 to 6) Sub-objectives: Facilitator:
•
identify priorities in planninl Dr Chellie J. Sundram a curative programme Co-facilitators: identify priorities in planninl Dr Tan Yok Lin a preventive programme (service) know the application of survey data for dental manpower develop_nt know the mechanics of situation analysis fOl'lDUlate oral health policies (continued in Pensng)
1975 - Planning and Evaluation of public dental health services, WHO technical report series No. 589 Handout: Brainstorming and nominal group technique, Sundram, C.J. cf. Items 06, 07
APproaches: lecture-demonstration group diSCUSSion group project: • prepare a national oral health project or programme profile I I
know the steps in the preparation of an oral health programme profile
(main task - through topics 4, 5 and 6) nominal group technique (NGT) to identify priorities
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Annex 2
07
Topic 7 - 14 June Objectives,of an oral health progr ...e Sub-objectives:· . ; identifyprobl ...s " - , identify priol;ities forliautate obJec~ivea plan and analyse strategies a~d approaches ' identify targets construct evalua·tion in strUllents idenUfy output indicators for pro&r·euive evaluation .'
•
Facilitator: Dr ChellieJ~
Sundram
Co"faCiLitators : Dr Chu. Sui Yeo\>! Approaches: lecture.,.discussion country eXamples reviewed in small groups group project: • formulate objectives for a national oral health programme using NGT-continued
-
08.
Topic 8 - 15 June Part 1 Planning ..nd executing an orat disease prevention programme an introduction' Document reference: 1975 Wrld Health Assembly reso lution WHA.28.64 ~:
•
Sub-objectives: know the contents of the World Health ASl!embly (WHA) resolution WHA28.64 of 1975
Facilitator: Dr Chelli.e J. Sundram Co-facilitatora:
Part 2 - see item 14
Dr WongHee Deong know the contents of WHO Dr Tan Yok Lin Director-General's ·(OG) Report 'to the WIiA-A28/l0 know the progress 'of the five_APproaches: year plan - presentation - discussion see national plans in - group project: perspective of the global • prepare a national progress oral disease identify problem areas in prevention programme implementation of the fiveas a component of year plan the national oral health programme in prepare a national oral your country health preventive p~ogramme presentation of slide-tape prograllllle on preventive dentistry
Annex 2
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09
Topic 9
-
16 June
•
Evaluating project delivery DocUllent reference: cf. WHO technical report series Mo. 589 ~:
Sub-objectivea: identify the areas of project delivery that need to be evaluated use the evaluationmodification process for progr.... d.velo~ent "output indicators" for _ evaluation identify taraets for the various strategies used to achieve objectives
Facilitator: Co-facilitators: Dr Chua Sui Yeow Dr Tan Yok Lin Dr Wong Hee Deong ~pproaches:
deaign an evaluation instruaent Dr Chellie J. Sundram
-
See also Iteas 14 and 17
-
lecturedocumentation s. . ll group process discussion group exercise: • design instruments to evaluate project delivery in your country
10
Topic 10 Part 1
-
17 June Sub-ob j actives: know the contents of the guidelines - report of the working group understand the functional application in Singapore know the structure and functions of a national dental health education unit (JIlE)
Facilitator: pr Wong Hee Deong Co- faci litator: Dr Chellie J. Sun dram foDDroaches: - large group discussion individual project: • Identify the problems of estab Ushing a national or central dental health education unit in your country
•
Dental Health Education Document reference: 1977 - Guidelines on dental health education of the public. WPRO. Manila
draft objectives and an organizational structure for a central dental health education unit in your country
- 23 .. Annex 2
11
Topic 10 - 19 June 20 June -
•
Part 2
Sub-objectives: organize a cental health education unit prepare a campaign; total plan including exhibits, posters, pampbletl!~ a\ldiovisuals know the functions of a central dental health education unit
Facilitator: Dr Wong Hee Deong Co';facil1tators: Dr Chellie J. Sundram Dr Chua' Sui Yeow demonstration and explana~ion of DHE activities in Sing'apore -sma 11 group w,?rk - individual project: • design /I nationa 1 dental health education unit suitable for your country
Dental health education Docu.ent reference:
1977 - Guidelines on dental health education, WPRO, Manila,
Leave by MAS flight MA 672 to Penang on 20 June, evening. Check-in at Wi~ Persekutuan, Korth .. aoad, penang.
- 24 -
Annex 2 PEMAIIG
21 June to 21 July (arrive in Penang 20 June) Facilitatorsl Approaches
ITEHS
TOPICS Review of Topics 21 June
At the end of the sessions participants will be able to:
12
-
22 June 23 June Sub-objectives: design protocols for the use in the country situations with reference to specific topics discussed improve each other's country programmes in oral health (through interpersonal co_nication) understand the implications of and prepare the ground for impl_entation of a national oral health preventive programme know the purpose of the action sheet • Facilitator: Dr Chellie Sundram Co-facilitators: Professor B. Barbers Dr A. Rahlllan Professor Ibrahim Approaches: • groups and individuals complete their protocols in presentation form with the assistance of facilitators check action sheet retained by individuals with a copy to WHO
.. Completion of projects initiated under topics 7. 8. 9 & 10 .. Discussion of the WPRO oral health progr_e • WIlO and technical cooperation among developing countries (TCDC)
-
-
-
13
Topic 3 - 24 June 2S June Part 2 Conducting a basic oral health survey Document reference: cf. Item 03 Sub-objectives: develop a protocol to conduct an oral health survey in a co_nity experience the problems and methodology of conducting a basic oral health survey Facilitator: Dr A. Rahman Co-facilitators: Professor B. Barbers Dr A. Tajuddin Dr Mohd. Ariffin Dr Mohd. Yaacob Dr Abdullah Johari Dr Yoong Kin Poon Approaches: • conduct an oral health survey in a simulated survey environment on-site assistance by facilitators
.
-
I
I I I
I
- 25 -
Annex 2
14
Topic 8 - 25 June 0/2 day) Part 2 Planning and executing an oral disease prevention programme Document references: 1. Fluoride and dental health - the current status, Barbers (WPR/DlOl/3 ) 2. Preventive progrllllllle and dental health services in rural coasunities in Malaysia; the role O.f dental aUXiliaries[ Rahman (WPR/DNH/8)
•
Sub-objectives: know the principles in the use of fluoride for dental caries prevention
Facilitator: Professor B. Barbers Co-facilitators: Dr Dr Dr Dr A. Rahman Mohd. Ariffin Mohd. Yaacob Yoong Kin Poon presentation - use of fluoride (Prof B. Barbers) group discussion field visit (Dr A. Rahman) to observe a preventive progra_e in a school mobile dental squad in action
organize an oral disease prevention programme in a school or a collection of schools in your country know the functional
Approaches:
application of the components of a preventive programme
3.
Periodontal disease etiology, prevention, treat.ent and control Grant (wpR/DNH/1)
15
Topic 4 - 27 June 28 June Part 2 Sub-objectives: utilize published oral health survey data translate findings to implementation in specific areas in the context of a country situation Facilitator: Dr A. Rahman Professor B. Barbers Co-facilitators: Dr Dr Dr Dr A. Tajuddin Yoong Kin Poon Mohd. Ariffin Mohd. Yaacob
•
Interpret oral health survey data for purposes of planning Document references: Malaysian national oral health survey reports as handouts - Rahman, A.
Approaches: introduction of subject • Four small groups for planning exercises Plenary presentation by group leaders of plans based on survey findings
•
Annex 2
- 26 -
16
Topic 10 - 29 June 30 June Part 3 Sub-ob j ecti ves: organize a campaign apply the guidelines on Dental Health Education to the country situations Fad litator: Dr Chellie J. Sundram Co- faci litator: Dr A. Johari Approaches: • presentation and discussion review guidelines in sma 11 groups Two slide-sound programmes by CJS: 1. Communication and reaching 2. Informing the public Topic 11 - 1 July 2 July 0/2 day) Writing objectives and designing an evaluation tool for an instructional activity Document references: 1977 - Writing objectives 1977 - Evaluation and Dental Health Education Garrick, C.E. Sub-objectives: write instructional objectives design an evaluation tool for an instructional activity Faci litator: Dr Christine Garrick Co-facilitator: Dr Chellie Sundram Approaches: lecture and demonstration small group exercises write objectives anc design an evaluatior instrument for an instructional activity selected.
•
Dental health education - organizing a campaign - guidelines review Document reference: 1977 - Guidelines
17
•
•
_ 27 _
Annex 2
18
Topic 12 - 4-12 July Curriculum design Part 1 - 4 July Designing a curriculum Part 2 - 5-6 July Tests and Teaching (a) analyzing an error matrix (b) planning teaching sessions Document reference: Sub-objectives: Part 1 - identify the steps in designing a curriculum - analyse the educational situation - prepare teaching sessions Part 2 - identify areas where the teacher has to improve - identify weaknesses in the learner - apply prerequisite, pre- and post-tests - use EPIC for progressive evaluation of students Part 3 - know the functions of an instructional designer - design a self-instructional programme on a selected topic - know some examples of selfinstructional programmes Part 4 - know some aspects of teacher evaluation - construct appropriate teacher evaluation instruments in conn ex ion with skills, attitudes and knowledge gained by the student - understand reliability, validity and consistency in evaluation ________________________________ ~
Facilitator:
• •
(Parts 1 and 2)
Dr Chellie Sundram Co-faci litator: Dr Christine Garrick Approaches: - presentations - small group discussion - group work: • self-instruct iona J exercise in analyzil1'; an error matrix • plan and evaluate teaching sessions Facilitator (Parts 3 and 4): Dr Christine Garrick Co-faci litator: Dr Chellie Sundram Approaches: - presentations - small group work: • design a selfinstructional audio-slide programme on a preagreed topiC and/or • design a teacher eva luat ion instrument using the Faci litator Evaluation Questionnaire as i an example (Annex b) I
1976 - The dental curriculum in a changing educational environment WPR/ORH/76 .13, Sundram, C.J. Handouts for Part 2: Sundram, C.J. - (a) and (b)
Garrick, C.l. - Samples MCQ Part 3 - 7 July
•
Instructional design Document reference:
1976 - Positioning the anterior maxillary teeth in a full denture Garrick, C.E. Part 4 - 8 July and 9 July (1/2 day)
• ~
Teaching evaluation Document reference: Handouts on teacher evaluation, Garrick, C.E.
I
L -_____ ________________________
~
_____________________ _J
Annex 2
_ 28 _
18 Topic 12 - 4-12 July Cont'd Curriculum design Part 5
•
Sub-objectives: apply the techniques of small group learning in their home situations know the role of the teacher compare teaching/learning strategies currently used and identify advantages and disadvantages know the concept of individual learning styles
Facilitator (Part 5): Dr Christine Garrick Co-fad litator: Dr Chellie Sundram Approaches: presentations small group process group project: • design a teaching session using one or more of the techniques
Educational process in sma 11 groups Document reference: 1977 - Educational process in small groups
-
-
19
Topic 13 - 13-14 July Various curricula for Sub-obJlectives: dental health workers understand the problems of training a large number of operating auxiliaries in clinical skills know the problems of training dental laboratory technicians Document references: 1975 - Preventive programmes etc. cf. Item 14, WPR/DNH/8 1975 - The development of undergraduate education and programme for continuing education in Malaysia - Ibrahim, M.Y., WPR/DNH/9 1976 - A curriculum design for the training of dental therapists Sundram, C.J., WPR/DNH/l. 76 appreciate the need for designing task-oriented curricula for dental personnel improve existing curricula in own country situations Facilitator: Dr Chellie Sundram Approaches: group work: • small groups selected curricula are studied slide-tape prograllllles (CJS) Dental Therapists of Perth on-site observation of training, Dr A. Johari Question and answer sessions Field visits to school for dental nurses and dental teChnicians, Penan~, Dr A. Johari Field visits to Dental Faculty, Kuala Lumpur, Prof. Ibrahim (en route Singapore) on 20 July
•
I
- 29/30 -
Annex 2
r-----~------------------------~----------------------------------_,-----------------------o
20
Topi~
14 - 14-19 July
•
- Teambullding - Problea solving (or ~reative thinking) - Hotivation De~ision-. .king
I I t I
i
Do~uaent referen~es:
Sub-ob J ec ti ves : know the prin~iples
Facilitator: underlying •• Dr Chellie Sundram
1976 - Teambuilding 1976 - Lateral or Creative Thinking 1977 A~hiev . .ent Hotivation
utilize manageaent techniques in country situations apply principles of teambuilding, problem solving, motivation and decisionmaking to work situations Approaches: Presentat ion Ii Small group procl'''' where app licab lE' • Group exprcise .. • Structured learning experiences
I
1977 - Problea Analysis and De~ision making
r----+--------------------+---------------------------~----------------Topic 15 - 19 July 21 20 July
•
Course evaluation and closing
Sub-objectives: know the evaluation of the course by participants know the evaluation of the course by facilitators identify areas for imp roveaent identify output indicators to assess activities generated by the course know the actions (ideal) contemplated by each other on return to home countries.
Faci 11 tator: Dr Chellie SundrCim Approaches: WPRO questionnaire and analYSis of responses Action Sheet of participants (output indicators)
•
L..-__--'-____________________......__________________________........______________ . __ ._. __
lI
Note:
A visit to the Dental Faculty, Kuala Lumpur, will be arranged on 20 July enroute Singapore and home.
- Jl .~
ANNEX 3 INTERVENTION AND SUPPORTING SLIDE-TAPE PROGRAMMES (Prepared by Chellie J. ·Sundram) ITEM in course programme 1. Sensitization Body language - nonverbal communication "Language of the legs" - an audience par.ticipation slide-tape programme for. sensitization and. relieving of study tensions. Specific objectives of the programme are identified. 2.
03
Sensitivity test
04
A slide-tape progralDlle designed for "second level" sensitization of participants. Participants are shown a series of coloured pictures (slides) andcrequested to ident.ify pictures they enjoyed viewing and would want. repeated if possible, and those they did not like (for any reason at all) and did not want .repea,ted during the course. Specific. objectives of the programme are identified.
3.
Discussion/meeting technique (small group learning) An instructional programme to learn discussion/ meeting techniques. This is accompanied by a slide-tape programme illustrating a method of learning by competition between small groups. The process and content are described in a handout to be issued at the end of the session. Specific objectives of the programme are identified.
05
4.
Preventive dentistry
08
A slide-tape programme on the perspectives of prevention as an introduction to preventive dentistry . . Specific objectives are identified. 5. The body electric 09
A slide-tape programme to relieve study tensions and to promote discussion and interest. Specific objectives are identified.
- 32 Annex 3
6.
Communication and reaching
16
A slide-tape programme to relieve study tensions and to promote discussion and interest. Specific objectives are identified.
7.
The Dental therapists of Perth
19
A slide-tape programme designed to show the scope of dental therapists in Western Australia and to illustrate present day concepts in the training and utilization of dental therapists.
8.
Informing the public A slide-type progralllllle to illustrate the tran:;llation of a country's needs to "wants". Specific objectives are ide~tified.
16
9.
Glimpses in the utilization of operating dental auxiliaries i
19
A series of slides are proj~cted in relation to the training and utilization of dental therapists/hygienists in the Region. A runnin,g ~entary highlighting salient features is given by the facilitator.
,_ 33_ ANNEX 4 (a)
PROGRESSIVE ASSESSMENT Period 6 June to 20 June 1977
or
PAirICIPANTS By : Dr Wong Bee Deong
10 Names .
10 (B)
20 (C)
40
(A) 1
Total 26
5 4 5 4
6
15
2
5 6 7
12 18 12 15 10 12 10 13 15
21 29 23 28 18 21 20 27 25
3 4 5
5 4 4 5 6 5 5
8 4 5 5
6 7
8 9
8
10 11 12 13 14 15 Criteria:
5 6 9 5
13 18 10
24 35 19 29 30
8
4 7 8
8 8
14 14
Observations/aeaarks Active participant in discussions .. Rather reserve but able to make some contributiom. Quite an active participant .. Poor command of English Evaluation difficult. Active participant, . .de soae useful contributions. Very quiet: unable to contribute to group Rather insular in thinkiqm attempted to contribute. Shy. soft-spoken; rather -'passive in participation. Made scae usefu 1 contributions. Att.-pted to contribute, Performance - satisfactory, Shy, rather r ...in as passive participant. Very knowledgeable . . .de significant contributions. Shy but with fairly strong views. Quite Imowled,uble, . .de several contributions • Inte11ileat'" ..de made contributions.
(Facilitator's definition - i.e. criteria used by him for asses ..ent'. Expertness and experience in dental public health administration.
(A) - Skills:
(I) - Knowledge: Theoretical knowledge of preventive deatlstry and dental public health practice. (C) - Attitudes: Attitude towards course. learning and fellow participants.
Observations during sessions
_ 34 _
Annex 4 (b)
PROGRESSIVE ASSESSMENT OF PARtICIPANTS Period: 6 June to 20 June 1977 10 10 (B)
By: 20 (C)
Dr Blanche C. Barbers 40
Names 1 2 3 4
(A)
Total 36 28 36 32 36 36 36 35 36 36 34 40
8 5 8
8 5 8
20 18 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
6 8 8
6 8 8 8 7
5 6 7
8 8 8 8 7
ObservatiOD./aeaarka Receptive. perceptive. relates well. QuietI It.ited in moveaent by u~bring1ng Re.ponsive, relate. well; receptive Quiet but receptive; tries be.t to relate Receptive and perceptive Quiet but very approachable aDd helpful. Receptive and perceptive Quiet but receptive Timid. baslaful but trying best to be courageous Responsive; relates well; receptive Quiet but tries hard to relate. Responsive, receptive, perceptive, relates well Limited by religious background but receptive Receptive and perceptive Receptive, perceptive; relates well
8 9
8 8
10 11
7 10 8
12 13
10 8 8 8
36 36 36
14 15
8 8
Criteria: (Facilitator's definition - i.e. criteria used by her for assessaent) (A)
Skills:
Coamunication skills, data
interpretation,surveying.
(I) (e)
Knowledge: Surveying, fluorides, interpretation of data. etc. in ter.. of residual and new knowledge Attitudes: Attendance, interest, participation in aessiona, helpfulnea.
Obaervations during aeaaiona: Compared with participants in the Firat Regional Courae in 1975, I would aay this year's group is more closely-put; this may be attributed to the .ize of the group, the poaitions of the participants in their home country and to the aocial climate and pbysical environment they have found theaaelvea in.
- 35/36 Annex 4(c)
PltOGUSSIVE ASSESSKEMT OF PARTICIPANTS Period: 6 June to 23 July 1977
By:
Dr C.E. Garrick
10
10 (B)
20
40
Names 1 2 3
(A) 7 7 8 5 6 6 8 6 5 8 6 8 6 8 9
(C) 20 17 20 13
Total 34 31 36 23 31 32 36 32 27 35 30 36 29 35 33
Observations/Remarks
! I
7 7 8 5 8 8 8 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 8
I I I
I Difficult to assess because of his lan2uage difficulty
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
17 18 20 18 15 19 17 20 16 19 16
.
11 12 13
14 15
Criteria: (Facilitator's definition - i.e. criteria used by her for assessment). (A) (B) (C) Skills: Knowledge: Attitudes: Skills in the group; ability to participate in and facilitatp group work. Demonstration of awareness and familiarity with concepts covered. Approach to the course; willingness to participate and learn; evidence of general benefit from the course.
Observations during seaaions: All participants appear interested and cooperative.
- 37 _
ANNEX 5 (.)
PROGRESSIVE ASSESSMENT OF PARTICIPANTS BY TESTS NAMES l. PRE-TEST
SELF-tEST
POST-tEST 16 1/2 14 16 14 20 14 16 17 20 11 12
GAIN*
6 1/2 8 1/2 8 1/2 8
IS 17 20 20 17
10 8 1/2 7 1/2
2. 3.
4. 5.
6 10
7 11 1/2
6. 7.
IS 13
2 1/2 8 1/2 11 1/2 7 1/2
1 1/2 5 1/2
8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.
15 .
12 1/2 4 1/2
17
17 14 19 16 12 16
6 1/2 1 1/2
4 1/2 4 1/2 6 1/2 7
20 16 20 14
15 112 9 IIi..
-.
J.4. 15.
13
8 Maximum score • 20
6
*
GAIN • the difference between pre-test and post-test scores.
_ 38 -
Annex 5 (b)
~
PRE-TEST
SELF-TESJ
POST-TEST
0,
Part A. 1.
Objective type
Fill in the blanks: A. Dental epideaiology is the study of the ________________ of dent.1 dise ••e. '.nd 'conditions, and the __________________ which effect the.e in popul.tion groups. Dental .t.ti.tic• •r e e s t i m a t e d from .amples le •• th.n the ..Dti·re --popUlation and represent· calcul.ted ....ur..ent. of dental biologic.l phenomena. Dent.l epid.-iology .nd .t.ti.tics .re two very useful _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in public 'health. . A type of dental epidaiologic.l study is the' The three bro.d c.tegorie., of dent.l d.t. generally collected iD or.l he.lth survey ••re --:~__--:"____~~:--_______________ _______________________ - .nd requirements for ________________ '.
B.
c. D. E.
F.
It is nece.sary to collect info~tiQn on sex, heredity, cultural pattern., economic level., .nd other environmental factors as the.e are relev.nt to the concept of causa Cion of dise •• e, hence, to .' the d'-e-v-e':'l-o-pm-e-n-t~.-o-f:--------------hypothesis.
And on to the next page
_ 39/40 -
Annex 5 (b)
2.
True or fal.e A. Administrators use general dental data to provide them with an idea on the avenueS for reaearch. The nature and extent of dental diseases and conditions helps the administrator in determining their causes. The factor of age helps in determining the target groups to focus a service treatment levels. Manpower needs are determined by the nature of treatment requirements and treatment levels. The relationship of dental disease with people's behaviour give. an idea on the content for dental health education.
B.
c. D. E.
Part B.
Essay Explain briefly the three broad uaes of dental data.
3 3
3
To check on the correctness of your answers and on your performanc:e,
Pleaae turn to page
- 41/42 -
~
questionnaire Item No, Date
ANNEX 6
Name of Facilitator (first name)
DAILY EVALUATION OF FACILITATORS BY PARTICIPANTS
11.
TECHNICAL ASPECTS
Qualification on usefulness and progruaing 1.
Content and Proceaa 1.1
Was this: Enjoy- J use-/ Useable ful less b a c
Criticisms /
C~ents
/ Recommendations
-
place "x" in one or more approprlate boxes, e.g. in! & ! or a & c or in c alone ..•...
Presentation by main facilitator Content: Procesa:.
"
0 0 0 0 0
0 0
0 0
1.2 1.3
Small group Ieaming process Plenary discussions
0 0 0
D 0 0
1.4 Large group work 1.5 Field visits (if any) 1.6
0 0 D D
D
0 0
Time for reading of documents Selection of tasks for participants Duration of sessions - value Visual aids used: overhead projector slide-sound presentations, flip charts, etc.
0 D
1.7 1.8
0 0
0
1.9
0
D
0 0
1.10 General session teaching strategies and approaches
D
0
Additional notes Is there any aspect in the day's session that you found bothering you, e.g. accent difficult to understand, speech too fast, etc.? ••••••••• Use reverse side for C0.m8ats
- 43/44 -
ANNEX 7 ACTION SHEET - AN EXAMPLE OF ENTRIES BY ONE PARTICIPANT
Name Country ACTION SHEET
Position~h~e'l~d---------------------
W Refer to Item in Information Bulletin 4
Please itemize any action plans (also ideas and thoughts) acquired during the course sess i ons whi c h YOU wou ld like to use i n ~ our h ODIe s i tuat i on Action plans you intend using In your home-country situation How (WHO inputs needed?) When (time and situation?)
This sheet should only have 12 actions 1
Cost-benefit analysis for dental projects j mUleo.ia~;f::
c:
c,
Interpreting oral health survey data
I'IHC inl)ULS
;;
Educational process in small groups imrr,ecl ia Le
1,
Priorities in planning an oral health prograaae i.",m8dia v;
')
Planning and executing an oral disease prevention prograuae
wile Inputs ,'i:JC lriP uLs Ii:
t)
Drafting an organizational structure for a central DR! unit Teamwork or team building
Government immediate
~\
Discussion/meeting techniques
imrnedia.te
.J
Achievement motivation
i!TLmeriiB.t.f~
Ie
Alfa-gencies
self-impc,:':',t;Q
J.,1,.
COtIIIIUnication and reaching
:"rr;::1ed ia t·e
12
Writing objectives and evaluation
in ust;: actively
Please retain the original and hand in a copy to the course coordinator (Miss Nirmala) on completion of one page. Signature:
- 45/46 -
ANNEX 8
PARTICIPANT'S EXPECTATIONS SECORD WHO RlGIOMAL COURSE IN PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTl.Y
D
To be filled up on the first or second day 1. My expectations for the course are:
-
Name
Date Country
To be filled up on the last day of the course
2.
I have attended the full six weeks course conducted by WHO arid my feelings in comparison with my initial expectations are as follows: The course was Co-.nts: far above up to below my expectations.
Name
Date Country
- 47ANNEX 9
FINAL EVALUATION QUESTIONNAIRE To enable us to evaluate this . .etiD,. please cheek (.t) the appropriate box and write your c~ta or reco-.endations, if any. Very satisfactory Un satisfactory
I.
AJI(IRIS'rltATIVE ASPECl'S
SaUsfactory
Remarks or recolJlllen da t ion s
1.
Travel arran&eaenta 1.1 Receipt of the official notification of selection (Letter of Acceptance) and all the preliainary instructions and practical inforaation about the participation were: 1.2 Issuance of WHO documents to assist the partiCipant in obtaining his visa: 1.3 Travel arrangeaents to and .fro. the place of the aeeting were: 1.4 Information Bulletin Ro. 1 re travel, etc., was:
OJ OJ
CJ CJ
o OJ OJ OJ OJ [ill
D D
2.
Financial arran,eaents 2.1 The arrangements for pa,.ent of stipends, etc. were:
3.
Physical arrangeaents 3.1 The sites of the aeeting were: 3.2 Meeting facilities were: 3.3 Resource and reference facilities were: 3.4 Field trip arrangeaents were: 3.5 Accommodation at Singapore KE Hall
o o
o o o OJ C::J Singapore: Penang:
m:J OJ OLI
Penang Wisma Persekutuan 3.6 Main facilities at the sites of the meeting that were lacking:
- 48-
Annex 9
"[0
TECHNICAL ASPECTS
To a great extent
a moderate " extent"
Not at all
Remarks or recollllllendations
4.
Course objectives (A)
The fo llowing llieneral objective , was IDet:
G D D "
Theoretical and practical experience in the basic elements of dental public health practice in relation to ongoing progr...... and an overview of curriculum planning and utilization of profe.sionals and dental auxiliaries for the delivery of dental service ••
Comments (if any)
- 49Annex 9
2. Topics 1 2
BEecific objective. The.e have be_ anaaed in the order in which the topic. were di.cu •• ed. Understand the prillc:1pJ.. of r _ _ rce a11oeation and coatbenefit .na1,.i•• Apply co.t-baaefit (co.t-effecti. . ) ana1y.i. for tb. selection of alcenaU... (actidt1u/paoj-=ta/proar_>. Conduct a ~ • • 1 .... lda aney (with a cOllpCllllelt .howing the tr_t.ent retl'dr..lntbe anup .urveyed). Inte~r.t
Met
Partly met Not
met
IS 15 15 15
3
4 5 6
~
oral bea1th aurvey d.ta for tbe purpose of planning an heakh pIOlr-"
which include toola to
Draw ~ OIJIlti.md.q "'oac~ p~. of defttalh. . ltbper80nnel &lI •••• r ....._cl•••
IS 14 14 13 14 1
nr.r up dpificaat priorUiea tu the p Janning of an oral b_lth p-T4Ir_ .. l1teAtUy ul_tobJ-c:tivea of _ OTaI health proar_.
7 8 9
1 2
Plan and uecuta an oral cJ1..... prnenUon Prolrawle. Oaderlltadtbe prmdplea·.t __ ,-Uqg project delivery. Plaanda_te a . .tal he<ll eduuUon eaapaip. Write n}«U. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lustion too 1 for an educational activity. Use a syst... approach to duip a curriculua ualng relevant basic elata pthered. Draw up curricula for the various datal health personnel to be used in the 4eli..ry of dental health service•• Apply the general principles of &Dtivation, proble.-so1ving, deci.ion....king. t..-ork, in their home situations.
1 3
10 11
12 15
12 13
IS 14 1
14
IS
_ so _ Annex 9
TECBRICAL ASPECTS ( continued) .
ITO a . mode- Rone To a at rate areat extent extent all
R....rks or recoaaendations
3.
Other factors .
3.1 N_ skills and concept. learned. 3.2 Opportunity was given for the expression of your own idea. and problems. 3.3 Knowledge and experience of participants were exchanged with those of other participants and faci litators. 3.4 Thegbidelines formulated at the course can be appUed to your back-home situation. TECHNICAL ASPECTS ( con Unued) ...
OIl I ..
3
1 D 1 D "
em
I
2
em em I
I
2
I D
..
1 4 'I
0 R_rks or reco_endations .
Very Unsatis- SaUs- satisfactory factory factory
4.
The Working aroupmeetina 4.1 Coverage of subjects (speCific objectives) . 4.2 Methods of conducting the ses8ions were: 4.3 Approaches and strategies used were: 4.4 Working papers and handouts prepared were: 4.5 Documents issued were: 4.6 Group process methods used were:
rnJ
CD CJ
0rJ 1 2 1 CJ CTIJ 1 41 CJ (][I
I 0 ill1 ITI 0 I 2
OI]
4.7 Technical aids used were: 5•
rnJ OIl
ITI 0 I 2I D
Particil!ants 5.1 Your post-meeting feelings were: 5.2 Your participation in the group discussion was:
0 OIl ITI 0 ITI
- 51 -
Annex 9
Received: TECHNICAL ASPECTS (continued) 6.
Very UnWell sat is- Satis- satis- ahead factory factory factory of time
Just Not in in time time
Remarks or recommendations
Documentation 6.1 Planned
programme agenda was: 6.2 Information
em IJIJ
OJ
D D
[]]
1m OJ
D D
bu llet ins and circulars were: 6.3 Documentat ion
OJ
OTI
and handouts to cover the objectives of the course were: 7.
rm
[]]
0
[]]
OJ
D
~.,---------~--.--
Have you any comments or critit:1sms to offer regarding tht: content or conduct of this working group which might help us in the future ••..
- S2 Annex 9 8. Evaluation by participants of presentations by chief facilitators: (Please use Information Bulletin No.4 as reference) Very useful 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 8,9 8.10 8.11 8.12 8.13 8.14 8.15 8.16 8.17 8.18 8.19 8.20 Item 1 Item 2 Item 3 Item 4 Item 5 Item 6 Item 7 Item 8 Item 9 Item 10 Item 11 Item 12 Item 13 Item 14 Item 14 Item 16 Item 17 Item 18 Item 19 Item 20 Fairly useful Useless
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0
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0
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0 OJ
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Signature Name and signature of respondent is not mandatory.
• 53.
ANNEX 10
Order'
----~--------------------~-----+--~--~------_r 1 ·,(,a,)1h:&anioza1lli-on.of ~1~ ',DrOhuaSui Yeow .~ ;,1a 1l.iaJMpope - ..an' -It'?}''tne (lbl)01;ganizaUonQf .•~;.1 '~:1lr 'll';an~okL1n __lib ~tIM! :J:n ".........
I tem No. Information 8u 11elin No. 4 Item 02
i:-'I !
-"1Ml15 2
:Dent41 •.~ .tkf.~ ,~",_ lItftectiai ...a.cia:a.d.~~ 'ill .~
~
Ji•. ~r.i'tiFuU-er
I tern 02
',uu.. ::ea;.tIIB~..6
3 4 II
,1len:t.J. ~ ;~ ,aNI"'''JF p'latmlng. .\IfPR'tIIIlt12 Tbe-reg.:ioQlll .1ient.al·~ arev.:t..., • .MPRtllNH/lO :Q.
.,. _ ,J '. 9T Cbellie J. Sundram
Item 00
~3D.a_e
I tern 12 ; tem 14
5
6
II
··~.~ld.i."Mae - Mi. ~ pr~
••
1lrI:nnes Gr.ant
tt:xlM"Mnt
.~ ~.t..
WPRlaHttJ. Fluorj:tlee .;.md .4eDt.ail ~ - '1t!he curr,ent '1ltetla8,'-Pb·,.itiqa.'lthe~. 1 nics .of ,~tng .fluor.id:le tIIIDUIIbrinsing)" ..wPRtllHHl3 ~feNDrBl_du~
C.
Item 14
:lar!ber-s
7
.Wr,it.il.ng ~j.e:c~ .:lor .;an ~"""l .pr~ ,(:Jft'RtaRH./%..:6)
j)r;Obri,.Une E.. Qar.ridt
Item 17
- 54 -
Annex 10
8
EValuation andi dental h ••ltb'ed\leation, WPR/ORHI76.2 " '
Dr christine Garrick
E.
Item 17 Item 18
9 10 11
The dental curriculua in a changing educational environment, W}>R/ORB176.13 A curriculum de.ign for the training of dental therapists, WPR/DNR/l.76 Preventive progr..... and dental health services in rural communities in Malaysia; the role of dental auxiliaries WPR/DNH/8 " Undergraduate dental education and':;programme. for continuing dental '.' educ.tionin Malaysia, WPR/DNH/9 , ,
Dr C.J. Sundram
Dr C.3. Sundram
Item 18 Item 19
Dr Abdul Rahman bin Awang
12
"
.
Professor Ibtilhim bin Raj i Yassi'n .
Item 19
.
"
- 55 -
Annex 10 B. REFERENCE MATERIAL (BOOKLETS, !fANUALS, F:l'C.) ISSUED TO EACH PARTICIPANT *
Order 13
Source
-
Year of Publication
-
Content
Item Nos. in Information Bu Hetin No. 4 I tern 01 02
14
IS 16 17
· ·
18
Davies, G.N •• (1974), Cost and benefit of fluoride in the 2revention of dental caries, WHO Geneva WHOfWPRO (1971), Guidelines on Oral Health - A manual for health personnel, Hanila WHO (1973), World Health Magazine, December 1973 - devoted entirely to dentistry WHO (1974) Manual, Oral Health surveys - basic methods, Revised, Geneva WHO (1976), Plannins and evaluation of 2ub1ic dental services Re20rt of a WHO ex2ert ~ittee,Technical Report Series No. 589, Geneva. WHOIWPRO (1977), Guidelines on dental education of the 2ubl1c , report of a working group of advisers, Kuala Lumpur, October 1976
Item 12 Item 12 Items 03 13
Items 06 07 09 Items 10 11
15
-19 20 21 22 23 24 25 C. MISCELLANEOUS REPORTS FOR DISCUSSION 1975. WHO Director-General's Report to the World Health Assembly on Fluoridation + Dental Health, A.28/l0 1975. World Health Assembly Resolution WHA28.64 of Hay 1976. WHO and Technical Cooferation Amona Develofina Countries (TCDC) 1977 • Evaluation summarl of the Oral Health Prosra~ Western Pacific Region of WHO 1977 • WHO/WPRO Oral Health Proaramme - Draft medium-term froiramme 2rofile Sundram, C.J., ~1973), Deliverl of dental health services in the Asian area of the Pacific Basin, International, Dental Journal SUndram, C.J., (1976~, The South Pacific area - its constrainina characteristics and their influence on the development of local dentistrl, paper presented at the Fiji Dental Conference 19-23 June 1972 Item 08 Item 12
Item 12 Item 12 Item 12 Item 12 Item 12
·
--
*
Numerous teaching notes were also issued to the participants; a list is available on application to thf Regional Office.