Report on the second phase blackfly migration study

qffi/ REPORT ON THE SBCOND PHASE BLACKFLY MIGRATION STUDY For the period of July 2008 to December 2008 Prof. C. F. Mafiana Principal Investi gator lT eam Leader 1.0 PREAMBLE/BACKGROUND INFORMATION The second phase cross-border blackfly migration study between Nigeria and Republic of Benin commenced in July 2008 (see appendix 1 for schedule), following the discussion held atDassa-Zoume, Benin Republic from23-25th June 2008. The meeting which had Dr. Bissan (APOCA4DSC representative/ Facilitator) and Entomo-Technicians from Nigeria and Benin Republic in attendance reviewed the results obtained from both countries for the f,rrst phase of study, and the need for harmonised date fbr commencement of second phase in July 2008 was unanimously accepted by all participants. Based on the understanding that the fund for the second phase of study would be made available in July by APOC, the Nigerian team re-sensitized and remobilized the fly catchers in the six catching points in Nigeria within the first week of July 2008 preparatory for the commencement of field activities in the second week of July 2008. I.1 FLY CATCHING/DISSECTION AND LARVAL PROSPECTION In accordance with study protocol, fly collection/dissection was organised for three consecutive days fortnightly in each of the six catching points shown in table l.In every catching week, two days were devoted to bulk catching and the third day normalized capture/dissection. The breeding site prospection was also carried out in each of the catching points whenever feasible. Table 1: The description of catching points in Nigeria. However, at the beginning of the field work, the study was financed through the fund raised by the Principal Investigator (Prof. C. F. Mafiana) and other team members with the fervent hope that APOC would release fund for the study before completion Catchine Points River Basin Country Lisa Oyan Ogun N gena Ieboiaye ofiki Ogun N gena opeii Ogun Ogun N gena Oyee ofiki Ogun N qerla Igan Alade Yewa Yewa N gerra Apata Kaiola Yewa Yerva N geila of July field activities. The fund was not released which led to a break in field activities in September; 2008. When confirmation of the fund release was received, we resume the field work in October, 2008 through loan facilitated by Dr. S.O. Sam- Wobo before APOC fund was released in November. The field activities were therefore conducted for five months; July, August, October, November and December. 1.2 RESULTS OF THE FIELD ACTIVITIES The results obtained for both bulk and normalised captures during the study period were summarised in Table 2.Atotal of 7,689 flies were collected during the study period with bulk and normalised captures accounting for 5,966 md 1,723 flies respectively in five catching points. No fly was caught in Igan Alade throughout the study period. In the remaining five catching points, Lisa recorded the highest flies in both bulk (43.87%) and normalized (44.81Yo) catching, followed by Igbojaye,Opeji, and Oyee in decreasing order of fly density for bulk capture.Apata Kajola however recorded the least number in both bulk (1 .01%) and normalized (0.87olo) captures. Table 2: Summary of BULK and NORMALISED captures during the study period. Using morphological characters, forest flies were the dominant flies in all the catching points except Apata Kajola in which 80% of savannah flies was recorded (Table 3). These pattems of forest flies dominance were also observed in monthly abundance of the flies (Tables 4 to 8). Catching Points Catchins tvne Total Bulk Normalized Lisa 2,677 (43.87%\ 772 44.8t%\ 3,389 44.02%\ Igbojaye r,228 (20.s8%\ 332 (19.27%) 1,560 Q0.26%\ Opeji r,041 07.4s%\ 269 0s.6r%) 1,310 (r7.02%) Oyee 1,020 07.t0%\ 335 (r9.44%) 1,355 07.60%) Igan Alade 0 (0%\ 0 (0%) 0 (0%) Apata K.ajola 60 (1.01%) l5 rc.87%\ 75 rc.92%\ Total 5,966 1,723 7.698 Catchine Points Savannah Forest Total Lisa 79 (r0.23%) 693 (89.77%\ 772 (44.81%) Igbojaye 26 0.83%) 306 (e2.r7%) 332 /r9.27%\ Opeji 15 (s.s7%\ 254 (94.42%\ 269 (rs.6r%) Oyee 59 (r7.6t%) 276 (82.3e%) 33s /r9.44%\ Igan Alade 0 (0%\ 0(0% \ 0 (0%\ Apata Kajola t2 (80%) J (20%) l5 (0.87%\ Total t9t 1,532 1.723 Table 3: The composition of flies caught during normalised capture across the catching points. Table 4: The composition of flies caught during normalised capture across the catching points in July 2008 Table 5: The composition of flies caught during normalised capture across the catching points in August,2008 Type Lisa Igbojaye Opeji Oyee Igan Alade Apata Kaiola Savannah 59 (28.23%\ J Q.19%\ 5 (3.68%) 26 r1.66%) 0 (0%\ T2 (80%) Forest 150 (71.77%) 134 (97.8r%) 131 06.32%\ t97 (88.34%') 0 (0%\ aJ (20%\ Total 209 137 136 223 0 15 Type Lisa Igbojaye Opeji Oyee Igan Alade Apata Kaiola Savannah 10 (6.49%\ 13 (8.44%\ 5 6.94%) 6(tt.rt%\ 0(0%) 0(0%) Forest 146 (93.58) l4l ot.s6%\ 67 (93.06%) 48 (88.89%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) Total 156 154 72 54 0 0 4 Type Lisa Igbojaye Opeji Oyee Igan Alade Apata Kaiola Savannah 0 (0%\ 9 (27.27%) 1 (5.26%\ 20 (40%\ 0 (0%) 0 (0%\ Forest t42 fi00%\ 24 (72.72%) l8 (94.73%\ 30 (60%\ 0 (0%\ 0 (0%) Total 142 33 t9 50 0 0 Table 6: The composition of flies caught during normalised capture across the catching points in October 2008 Table 7: The composition of flies caught during normalised capture across the catching points in November 2008 Table 8: The composition of flies caught during normalised capture across the catching points in December,2008 The result of the monthly dissection of the flies in the six catching points are summarised in tables 9 to 13. The monthly dissection revealed that most of the flies were nulliparous, and none of the parous flies dissected was infected. Also, presented is the monthly biting rate which decreases from July to December in all the catching points. Type Lisa Igbojaye Opeji Oyee Igan Alade Apata Kaiola Savannah 8 0.73%\ I (20%\ 3 (9.09%\ 5 (r00%\ 0 (0%\ 0 (0%\ Forest 206 (96.27%\ 4 (80%) 30 (90.9t%\ 0 (0%) 0 (0%\ 0 (0%\ Total 214 5 33 5 0 0 Type Lisa Igbojaye Opeji Oyee Igan Alade Apata Kaiola Savannah 2 G.92%) 0 rc%) I fit.rr%\ 2 rc6.66%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%\ Forest 49 (96.08%\ J (100%) 8 (88.88%) 1 /33.33%\ 0 (0%) 0 (0%\ Total 51 3 9 3 0 0 The breeding sites prospections were carried out in July in Igbojaye, October in Lisa and November in Oyee. It is important to note that most of the breeding sites were flooded and inaccessible in July, August and October as remarked in the monthly note attached to the entomological forms. Few rapids were however observed in Oyee in November while all the catching points have drastically reduced in volume in December with few or no rapids. Tabte 9: Summary of fly dissection in July 2008 Table l0: Summary of fly dissection in August 2008 Table 11: Summary of fly dissection in October 2008 Parameter Lisa Igbojaye Opeji Oyee Igan Alade Apata Kaiola Total No of flies dissected 209 137 t36 223 0 l5 720 No Parous 53 o5.36%\ 62 @s.26%\ 63 (46.32%\ 116 (s2.01%) 0 rc%\ 6 G0%\ 300 (41.66%) MBR 3.239.5 2,123.5 2,108 3,456.5 0 232.s Parameter Lisa Igbojaye Opeji Oyee Igan Alade Apata Kaiola Total No of flies dissected 156 t54 72 54 0 0 436 No Parous 60 G8.46%) 39 (2s.32%\ 26 (36.11%\ 2l (38.88%) 0 (0%\ 0 (0%\ r46 $8.49%\ MBR 24r8 2387 1116 837 0 0 Parameter Lisa Igbojaye Opeji Oyee Igan Alade Apata Kaiola Total No of flies dissected 142 33 t9 50 0 0 244 No Parous 46 (32.39%) 15 @s.4s%) 7 (36.84%) 13 (26%) 0 (0%\ 0 rc%\ 81 (32.20%) MBR 2201 5l 1.5 294.5 775 0 0 Table 12: Summary of fly dissection in November 2008 Table 13: Summary of fly dissection in December 2008 Parameter Lisa Igbojaye Opeji Oyee Igan Alade Apata Kaiola Total No of flies dissected 51 J 9 J 0 0 66 No Parous 25 @9%\ 2 rc6.7%) 4 @4.4%\ I o3.3%\ 0 rc%) 0 rc%) 3./. (48.48%) MBR 790.5 46.5 139.5 46.s 0 0 1.3 OBSERVATIONS/RECOMMENDATIONS The study observed and recommends the follorving for smooth running of future studies: (a) Fund for the project should be made available promptly and early enough to forestall issues of borrowing and stoppage of field activities mid-way into (c) study. The detailed financial outlay of the TSA for the second phase was not made available to the team, thereby allowing the team to rely on the first phase expenditure profile. The team recommends that details of the TSA be made available in future to allow for proper expenditure. Some of the consumables e.g. Chloroform, Bijou bottles, and dissection pins are exhausted and there is need for re-stocking for future studies. We also need some quantity of eppendorf tubes. The team need two (2) dissecting microscopes, as the two borrowed from a Nigerian Institute had been returned to them on23'o December 2008. We want to state that only two microscopes were supplied at the onset of study by APOC in August 2007. The University (UNAAB) do not have any dissecting microscope that is adapted for field studies. (b) (d) Parameter Lisa Igbojaye Opeji Oyee Igan Alade Apata Kaiola Total No of flies dissected 214 5 )J 5 0 0 257 No Parous 8 G.73%\ J (60%) 10 (30.30%) 2 (40%') 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 6l (23.74%) MBR 32t0 75 495 75 0 0 (e) The team also need three (3) dissecting sets for the technicians, as only two (2) were supplied in August 2007. (0 Having monitored fly density in the Yewa river basin for two years with little or no yield, the team is of the opinion that APOC review the catching points with a possibility of relocating the two (2) catching points to areas after LISA along the Oyan River, and Iganga after OYEE. Both are on the Ogun river system. (g) The jeep 02-01-46 consumes a lot of engine oil, so there is need for proper maintenance (see attached report). (h) APOCA{DSC should visit Abeokuta once in a quarter to interact with the entomo-technician and other field personnel for monitoring and evaluation. O The team advocates that the next study begin from April 2009 if APOC approves. The 3'd year study will adequately validate previous results to bring out conclusive findings by APOC on the cross border study.