Review of physical activity surveillance data sources in European Union Member States

WHO/EC Project on monitoring progress on improving nutrition and physical activity and preventing obesity in the European Union Review of physical activity surveillance data sources in European Union Member States Report no. 6 2Abstract The World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe and the Directorate-General for Health and Consumers of the European Commission have established a joint three-year project to monitor progress in improving nutrition and physical activity and preventing obesity in the European Union (EU). This report provides an overview of the available international and national surveys on physical (in)activity levels and patterns in the 27 EU Member States, the data collection methods applied and the items measured. Further, it discusses the challenges experienced in collecting and integrating physical activity data in the EU. Keywords: DATA COLLECTION HEALTH SURVEYS POPULATION SURVEILLANCE EVALUATION STUDIES PHYSICAL FITNESS MOTOR ACTIVITY OBESITY - prevention and control EUROPE Address requests about publications of the WHO Regional Office for Europe to: Publications WHO Regional Office for Europe Scherfigsvej 8 DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark Alternatively, complete an online request form for documentation, health information, or for permission to quote or translate, on the Regional Office web site (http://www.euro.who.int/pubrequest). © World Health Organization 2010 All rights reserved. The Regional Office for Europe of the World Health Organization welcomes requests for permission to reproduce or translate its publications, in part or in full. 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However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either express or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall the World Health Organization be liable for damages arising from its use. The views expressed by authors, editors, or expert groups do not necessarily represent the decisions or the stated policy of the World Health Organization. The responsibility for the content of this report lies with the authors, and the content does not represent the views of the European Commission; nor is the Commission responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained herein. EUR/10/ EUDHP1003693/ 8.1/6 3Table of Contents List of abbreviations ........................................................................................................................................... 4 Acknowledgements .......................................................................................................................................... 4 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................ 5 Methodology ......................................................................................................................................................... 5 Table 1. Overview of international surveys reporting on physical activity patterns and levels ........................................................................................................ 7 Table 2. Overview of national surveys reporting on physical activity patterns and levels ..................................................................................................... 15 Data presentation ............................................................................................................................................ 40 Data availability ....................................................................................................................................... 40 Measurement methods used......................................................................................................... 40 Physical activity levels across the EU ......................................................................................... 41 Adults ............................................................................................................................................................ 42 Young people .......................................................................................................................................... 44 Discussion and challenges ......................................................................................................................... 45 References ............................................................................................................................................................. 49 ANNEX 1. Providers of country information for this review ................................................... 59 4List of abbreviations The following abbreviations are used in this report. DG SANCO Directorate-General for Health and Consumers (EC) EC European Commission EHIS European Health Interview Survey EU European Union EUPASS European Physical Activity Surveillance System EUROSTAT European Commission Statistical Office GPAQ Global Physical Activity Questionnaire HBSC Health Behaviour in School-aged Children IPAQ International Physical Activity Questionnaire MET metabolic equivalent MPA moderate physical activity MVPA moderate to vigorous physical activity NCD noncommunicable diseases SHARE Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe STEPS STEPwise approach to chronic disease risk factor Surveillance VPA vigorous physical activity WHO World Health Organization Acknowledgements This review is a deliverable of work package 1 of the three-year collaborative project between the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Directorate-General for Health and Consumers (DG SANCO) of the European Commission (EC), which began in January 2008 (2007WHO02) under the title “Monitoring progress on improving nutrition and physical activity and preventing obesity in the European Union (EU)” . A draft of this review was discussed at the workshop on integration of data on physical activity patterns, convened on 25–26 February 2009 in Zurich, Switzerland. WHO would like to express sincere appreciation to the participants of this workshop for their valuable contributions. WHO is most grateful to the National Information Focal Points that were nominated for the project, the WHO Nutrition Counterparts, and other country informants that completed the two country reporting templates and provided the relevant documents on physical (in)activity surveys (see Annex 1). Without their continual collaboration, the compilation of physical activity surveillance data sources would not have been possible. Special thanks are due to Regina Guthold, WHO headquarters, Geneva and Karim Abu-Omar, Institute for Sport Science and Sport, Erlangen for the peer review of this report. Grateful thanks are extended to Lideke Middelbeek, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen and Sonja Kahlmeier, Institute for Social and Preventive Medicine, Zurich for writing the review; to Trudy Wijnhoven, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen for her comments, technical input and overall coordination; to Philippe Roux, DG SANCO, 5Luxembourg City for his feedback; to Sally Charnley and Susana Fernandez Tordrup, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen for administrative support; to Lars Møller, Møller and Kompagni for the layout and typesetting; and to Frank Theakston for the text editing. Introduction A three-year joint WHO/EC DG SANCO project covering the period 2008–2010, entitled “Monitoring progress on improving nutrition and physical activity and preventing obesity in the EU”, was established to evaluate the status of country development and implementation of actions in the areas of nutrition, physical activity and obesity. One of the key deliverables of the project is a database in these areas, which will be composed of surveillance data, country policy documents, policy implementation tools and information on good practices. Physical inactivity is recognized as a major independent modifiable risk factor for noncommunicable diseases (NCD) such as cardiovascular disease, ischaemic stroke, type 2 diabetes, colon cancer and breast cancer. Besides being an important factor in preventing NCD, physical activity has also been shown to be associated with other important health outcomes, including mental health, injuries, falls and obesity (1–3). Nevertheless, large numbers of the European population are not sufficiently active in their daily lives (4). Surveillance of physical activity levels and patterns is important for the development of targeted action, as well as for the evaluation of strategies and policies. Internationally comparable physical activity data will allow benchmarking, which is currently difficult owing to the use of different data collection methods, definitions of physical activity or inactivity, sampling designs, survey years and age ranges. The assessment of physical activity levels in children presents additional challenges (5–8). One of the project’s tasks was to map the existing international and national data sources on physical activity levels and patterns in all population groups in the 27 EU Member States. The main aim of this review is to give an overview of the available international and national surveys and sources on physical (in)activity levels and patterns in the EU countries, the data collection methods applied and the items measured. Furthermore, it discusses the challenges experienced regarding the collection and integration of physical activity data in the EU. Methodology Various sources were used to identify international and national data sources on physical activity levels and patterns in the EU countries, including: • the WHO Global InfoBase (9); • the European Health Interview and Health Examination Surveys Database (10); • already available overview reports (11–13); 6• targeted Internet searches on relevant web sites (the EC Statistical Office (EUROSTAT) and national institutions responsible for physical activity surveillance); • the project’s 27 National Information Focal Points nominated for the project and their relevant stakeholders; and • expert input. The results are presented in two tables. Table 1 gives an overview of the international surveys carried out in the EU, the countries included, the year when the survey was conducted, the age range of the sample, the data collection method and the items that were measured. Table 2 shows the same items for the most recent and representative published national surveys identified in the 27 EU Member States up to September 2010. A final draft of the tables was presented at the Meeting of WHO Nutrition Counterparts of the WHO European Region and the project’s National Information Focal Points, which was convened in Geneva, Switzerland on 24–26 March 2010. The country delegates were asked to go through the overview of their countries’ data, make alterations and provide information on surveys that had not yet been included. 7Ta bl e 1. O ve rv ie w o f i nt er na ti on al s ur ve ys re po rt in g on p hy si ca l a ct iv it y pa tt er ns a nd le ve ls Su rv ey n am e Pa rt ic ip at in g EU co un tr ie s Su rv ey y ea r A ge ra ng e (y ea rs ) D at a co lle ct io n m et ho d M ea su re m en t i te m s Co m m en ts FI N BA LT H ea lth M on ito r ( 14 ) Es to ni a, F in la nd , L at vi a, Li th ua ni a Es to ni a ev er y ot he r y ea r s in ce 19 90 , F in la nd ye ar ly s in ce 1 97 8, La tv ia e ve ry o th er ye ar s in ce 1 99 8, Li th ua ni a ev er y ot he r y ea r s in ce 19 94 16 –6 4 Se lf- ad m in is te re d qu es tio nn ai re 1. M in ut es s pe nt w al ki ng o r r id in g a bi cy cl e to a nd fro m w or k pe r d ay (l es s th an 1 5 m in ut es a d ay /1 5– 30 m in ut es a d ay /3 0– 60 m in ut es a d ay /m or e th an 6 0 m in ut es a d ay /I go to w or k by c ar o r p ub lic tr an sp or t/ I am n ot w or ki ng a t a ll or I w or k at h om e) 2. D ay s of p hy si ca l e xe rc is e du rin g le is ur e tim e fo r a t le as t 3 0 m in ut es th at m ak es y ou m ild ly s ho rt o f b re at h or p er sp ire (d ai ly /4 –6 ti m es a w ee k/ 2– 3 tim es a w ee k/ on ce a w ee k/ 2– 3 tim es a m on th /a fe w ti m es a y ea r o r le ss /n ot a bl e to e xe rc is e be ca us e of in ju ry o r i lln es s) 3. In te ns ity o f p hy si ca l a ct iv ity a t w or k (v er y lig ht , m ai nl y si tt in g/ lig ht , m ai nl y w al ki ng /m ed iu m , l ift in g, c ar ry in g lig ht lo ad s/ he av y, c lim bi ng , c ar ry in g he av y lo ad s) Le is ur e- tim e ph ys ic al ex er ci se : p re va le nc e, at tit ud in al c or re la te s an d be ha vi ou ra l co rr el at es a m on g yo un g Eu ro pe an s fro m 21 c ou nt rie s, ba se d on th e re su lts o f t he Eu ro pe an H ea lth a nd Be ha vi ou r S ur ve y (1 5) A us tr ia , B el gi um , D en m ar k, F in la nd , Fr an ce , G er m an y, G re ec e, H un ga ry , I re la nd , I ta ly , N et he rla nd s, Po la nd , Po rt ug al , S pa in , S w ed en , U ni te d Ki ng do m (E ng la nd ), U ni te d Ki ng do m (S co tla nd ) 19 92 18 –3 0 Se lf- ad m in is te re d qu es tio nn ai re (c om pl et io n of qu es tio nn ai re in c la ss es / po st al s ur ve y) 1. Fr eq ue nc y of a ny e xe rc is e ov er th e pa st 2 w ee ks (e .g . sp or t, ph ys ic al a ct iv ity in le is ur e tim e) 2. Fr eq ue nc y of e xe rc is e ov er th e pa st 2 w ee ks 3. Ty pe s of a ct iv ity 8Su rv ey n am e Pa rt ic ip at in g EU co un tr ie s Su rv ey y ea r A ge ra ng e (y ea rs ) D at a co lle ct io n m et ho d M ea su re m en t i te m s Co m m en ts H ea lth B eh av io ur in Sc ho ol -a ge d C hi ld re n (H BS C ) ( 16 –1 9) Th e la st s ur ve y (2 00 5– 20 06 ) i nc lu de d th e fo llo w in g EU c ou nt rie s: A us tr ia , B el gi um (F le m is h/ Fr en ch ), Bu lg ar ia , C ze ch R ep ub lic , D en m ar k, E st on ia , Fi nl an d, F ra nc e, G er m an y, G re ec e, H un ga ry , I re la nd , Ita ly , L at vi a, L ith ua ni a, Lu xe m bo ur g, M al ta , N et he rla nd s, Po la nd , Po rt ug al , R om an ia , Sl ov ak ia , S lo ve ni a, S pa in , Sw ed en , U ni te d Ki ng do m (E ng la nd ), U ni te d Ki ng do m (S co tla nd ), U ni te d Ki ng do m (W al es ) 19 93 –1 99 4 19 97 –1 99 8 20 01 –2 00 2 20 05 –2 00 6 11 , 1 3, 1 5 Se lf- ad m in is te re d qu es tio nn ai re (c om pl et io n of qu es tio nn ai re in c la ss ro om ) 1. Fr eq ue nc y of p er fo rm in g vi go ro us p hy si ca l a ct iv ity (V PA ) o ut si de s ch oo l h ou rs d ur in g fre e tim e (1 99 3– 19 94 , 1 99 7– 19 98 , 2 00 1– 20 02 o pt io na l, 20 05 –2 00 6) 2. H ou rs p er w ee k of V PA o ut si de s ch oo l h ou rs d ur in g fre e tim e (1 99 7– 19 98 , 2 00 1– 20 02 o pt io na l, 20 05 – 20 06 ) 3. N um be r o f d ay s be in g ph ys ic al ly a ct iv e (m od er at e to vi go ro us p hy si ca l a ct iv ity , M VP A ) f or o ne h ou r o r m or e ov er th e pa st 7 d ay s (2 00 5– 20 06 ) 4. M ea n nu m be r o f d ay s be in g ph ys ic al ly a ct iv e (M VP A ) fo r o ne h ou r o r m or e (a ve ra ge o f t he p re vi ou s w ee k an d a ty pi ca l w ee k) (2 00 1– 20 02 ) 5. M ee tin g th e M VP A g ui de lin es o n ph ys ic al a ct iv ity (2 00 1– 20 02 ) 6. TV w at ch in g: – ho ur s pe r d ay (1 99 3– 19 94 , 1 99 7– 19 98 ) – ho ur s on w ee kd ay s/ at th e w ee ke nd (2 00 1– 20 02 , 20 05 –2 00 6) 7. Co m pu te r u se : – ho ur s on w ee kd ay s/ at th e w ee ke nd p la yi ng co m pu te r g am es (2 00 1– 20 02 ) – ho ur s on w ee kd ay s/ at th e w ee ke nd u si ng th e co m pu te r f or c ha tt in g, e -m ai lin g, In te rn et , ho m ew or k (2 00 1– 20 02 ) – ho ur s pe r w ee k (1 99 3– 19 94 , 1 99 7– 19 98 ) 8. H ou rs p er w ee k w at ch in g vi de os (1 99 3– 19 94 ) Ph ys ic al a ct iv ity le ve ls a nd b od y w ei gh t i n a na tio na lly re pr es en ta tiv e sa m pl e in th e EU (2 0) A us tr ia , B el gi um , D en m ar k, F in la nd , F ra nc e, G er m an y, G re ec e, Ir el an d, Ita ly , L ux em bo ur g, N et he rla nd s, Po rt ug al , Sp ai n, S w ed en , U ni te d Ki ng do m 19 97 15 + Fa ce -t o- fa ce in te rv ie w 1. In vo lv em en t i n sp ec ifi c ac tiv iti es : l is t o f 1 7 co m m on ac tiv iti es (n o pa rt ic ip at io n/ < 1. 5 ho ur s pe r w ee k/ 1. 5– 3. 5 ho ur s pe r w ee k/ > 3. 5 ho ur s pe r w ee k) 2. Se lf- as se ss m en t o f t im e di st rib ut io n on a ty pi ca l w or ki ng d ay (s itt in g do w n/ w al ki ng a ro un d or st an di ng /m or e th an a ny o f t he p re vi ou s) 3. Se lf- as se ss m en t o f t im e sp en t s itt in g 9Su rv ey n am e Pa rt ic ip at in g EU co un tr ie s Su rv ey y ea r A ge ra ng e (y ea rs ) D at a co lle ct io n m et ho d M ea su re m en t i te m s Co m m en ts U si ng d iff er en t p hy si ca l ac tiv ity m ea su re m en ts in e ig ht E ur op ea n co un tr ie s. Re su lts o f th e Eu ro pe an P hy si ca l A ct iv ity S ur ve ill an ce Sy st em (E U PA SS ) t im e se rie s su rv ey (2 1) Be lg iu m , F in la nd , Fr an ce , G er m an y, It al y, N et he rla nd s, Sp ai n, U ni te d Ki ng do m 19 99 –2 00 0 18 –8 5 In te rv ie w er - ad m in is te re d qu es tio nn ai re Si x ite m s f ro m th e In te rn at io na l P hy sic al A ct iv ity Q ue st io nn ai re (IP AQ ) s ho rt : 1. D ay s on w hi ch V PA fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e w as re po rt ed in th e la st 7 d ay s 2. D ur at io n of V PA o n da ys w he n VP A fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e w as re po rt ed (a ve ra ge in m in ut es ) 3. D ay s on w hi ch m od er at e ph ys ic al a ct iv ity (M PA ) f or at le as t 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e w as re po rt ed in th e la st 7 da ys 4. D ur at io n of M PA o n da ys w he n M PA fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e w as re po rt ed (a ve ra ge in m in ut es ) 5. Fr eq ue nc y of w al ki ng fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e (in th e la st 7 d ay s) 6. A ve ra ge ti m e sp en t w al ki ng o n da ys w he n at le as t 1 0 m in ut es w er e re po rt ed Ad di tio na lly : 7. Pa ce o f w al ki ng (v ig or ou s/ m od er at e/ sl ow ) 8. Ti m e sp en t s itt in g du rin g a w ee kd ay in th e la st 7 d ay s 9. Ti m e sp en t s itt in g du rin g a w ee ke nd d ay in th e la st 7 da ys 10 . Fr eq ue nc y of p hy si ca l a ct iv ity a t w or k in th e la st 7 d ay s (a lo t/ so m e/ lit tle o r n on e) 11 . Fr eq ue nc y of p hy si ca l a ct iv ity w he n m ov in g fro m pl ac e to p la ce in th e la st 7 d ay s (a lo t/ so m e/ lit tle o r no ne ) 12 . Fr eq ue nc y of p hy si ca l a ct iv ity w he n w or ki ng in a nd ar ou nd th e ho us e in th e la st 7 d ay s (a lo t/ so m e/ lit tle or n on e) 13 . Fr eq ue nc y of p hy si ca l a ct iv ity in re cr ea tio n, s po rt a nd le is ur e- tim e ac tiv iti es in th e la st 7 d ay s (a lo t/ so m e/ lit tle o r n on e) Th e ad di tio na l i te m s ar e ke y ite m s fro m na tio na l h ea lth su rv ey s; th es e ite m s di ffe r b y co un tr y 10 Su rv ey n am e Pa rt ic ip at in g EU co un tr ie s Su rv ey y ea r A ge ra ng e (y ea rs ) D at a co lle ct io n m et ho d M ea su re m en t i te m s Co m m en ts W or ld H ea lth S ur ve y (2 2) C ze ch R ep ub lic , E st on ia , H un ga ry , S lo va ki a, Sl ov en ia , S pa in 20 03 18 –6 9 In te rv ie w er - ad m in is te re d qu es tio nn ai re Si x ite m s f ro m IP AQ sh or t: 1. D ay s on w hi ch V PA fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e w as re po rt ed in th e la st 7 d ay s 2. D ur at io n of V PA o n da ys w he n VP A fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e w as re po rt ed (a ve ra ge in m in ut es ) 3. D ay s on w hi ch M PA fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e w as re po rt ed in th e la st 7 d ay s 4. D ur at io n of M PA o n da ys w he n M PA fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e w as re po rt ed (a ve ra ge in m in ut es ) 5. Fr eq ue nc y of w al ki ng fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e (in th e la st 7 d ay s) 6. A ve ra ge ti m e sp en t w al ki ng o n da ys w he n at le as t 1 0 m in ut es w er e re po rt ed 11 Su rv ey n am e Pa rt ic ip at in g EU co un tr ie s Su rv ey y ea r A ge ra ng e (y ea rs ) D at a co lle ct io n m et ho d M ea su re m en t i te m s Co m m en ts Eu ro ba ro m et er 5 8. 2. Sp ec ia l E ur ob ar om et er 18 3. 6: p hy si ca l ac tiv iti es (2 3) A us tr ia , B el gi um , D en m ar k, F in la nd , G er m an y (e as t/ w es t) , G re ec e, F ra nc e, Ir el an d, Ita ly , L ux em bo ur g, N et he rla nd s, Po rt ug al , Sp ai n, S w ed en , U ni te d Ki ng do m (E ng la nd ), U ni te d Ki ng do m (S co tla nd ), U ni te d Ki ng do m (N or th er n Ire la nd ) 20 03 15 + Fa ce -t o- fa ce in te rv ie w Si x ite m s f ro m IP AQ sh or t: 1. D ay s on w hi ch V PA fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e w as re po rt ed in th e la st 7 d ay s 2. D ur at io n of V PA o n da ys w he n VP A fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e w as re po rt ed (a ve ra ge in m in ut es ) 3. D ay s on w hi ch M PA fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e w as re po rt ed in th e la st 7 d ay s 4. D ur at io n of M PA o n da ys w he n M PA fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e w as re po rt ed (a ve ra ge in m in ut es ) 5. Fr eq ue nc y of w al ki ng fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e (in th e la st 7 d ay s) 6. D ur at io n of w al ki ng o n da ys w he n at le as t 1 0 m in ut es of w al ki ng w er e re po rt ed (a ve ra ge in m in ut es ) Ad di tio na lly : 7. A ve ra ge ti m e sp en t s itt in g on a u su al d ay 8. Fr eq ue nc y of p hy si ca l a ct iv ity a t w or k in th e la st 7 d ay s (a lo t/ so m e/ lit tle o r n on e) 9. Fr eq ue nc y of p hy si ca l a ct iv ity w he n m ov in g fro m pl ac e to p la ce in th e la st 7 d ay s (a lo t/ so m e/ lit tle o r no ne ) 10 . Fr eq ue nc y of p hy si ca l a ct iv ity w he n w or ki ng in a nd ar ou nd th e ho us e in th e la st 7 d ay s (a lo t/ so m e/ lit tle or n on e) 11 . Fr eq ue nc y of p hy si ca l a ct iv ity in re cr ea tio n, s po rt a nd le is ur e- tim e ac tiv iti es in th e la st 7 d ay s (a lo t/ so m e/ lit tle o r n on e) Th e se ve nt h ite m is s lig ht ly d iff er en t fro m th e ite m in cl ud ed in IP A Q sh or t, w hi ch a sk s fo r tim e sp en t s itt in g on a u su al w ee kd ay du rin g th e la st 7 da ys ; i te m s 8– 11 a re ad di tio na l o ne s 12 Su rv ey n am e Pa rt ic ip at in g EU co un tr ie s Su rv ey y ea r A ge ra ng e (y ea rs ) D at a co lle ct io n m et ho d M ea su re m en t i te m s Co m m en ts Eu ro ba ro m et er 6 2. Sp ec ia l E ur ob ar om et er 21 3: T he c iti ze ns o f t he EU a nd s po rt (2 4) A us tr ia , B el gi um , Cy pr us , C ze ch R ep ub lic , D en m ar k, E st on ia , Fi nl an d, F ra nc e, G er m an y, G re ec e, H un ga ry , I re la nd , Ita ly , L at vi a, L ith ua ni a, Lu xe m bo ur g, M al ta , N et he rla nd s, Po la nd , Po rt ug al , S lo va ki a, Sl ov en ia , S pa in , S w ed en , U ni te d Ki ng do m 20 04 15 + Fa ce -t o- fa ce in te rv ie w 1. En ga gi ng in s po rt a t l ea st o nc e a w ee k SH A RE – S ur ve y of H ea lth , A ge in g an d Re tir em en t i n Eu ro pe (2 5) A us tr ia , B el gi um , C ze ch Re pu bl ic , D en m ar k, Fr an ce , G er m an y, G re ec e, Ire la nd , I ta ly , N et he rla nd s, Po la nd , S pa in , S w ed en 20 04 –2 00 5 20 06 –2 00 7 20 08 –2 00 9 Fo ur th w av e pl an ne d fo r 20 10 –2 01 1 (in cl ud in g al l E U co un tr ie s) 50 + Fa ce -t o- fa ce in te rv ie w su pp le m en te d by a s el f- ad m in is te re d qu es tio nn ai re 1. Fr eq ue nc y of V PA 2. Fr eq ue nc y of M PA Ba se d on th e qu es tio ns o f t he En gl is h Lo ng itu di na l St ud y of A gi ng (2 6) 13 Su rv ey n am e Pa rt ic ip at in g EU co un tr ie s Su rv ey y ea r A ge ra ng e (y ea rs ) D at a co lle ct io n m et ho d M ea su re m en t i te m s Co m m en ts Eu ro ba ro m et er 6 4. 3. Sp ec ia l E ur ob ar om et er 24 6: h ea lth a nd fo od (2 7) A ll 27 E U M em be r S ta te s 20 06 15 + Fa ce -t o- fa ce in te rv ie w Si x ite m s f ro m IP AQ sh or t: 1. D ay s on w hi ch V PA w as re po rt ed in th e la st 7 d ay s 2. D ur at io n of V PA o n da ys w he n VP A w as re po rt ed (a ve ra ge in m in ut es ) 3. D ay s on w hi ch M PA w as re po rt ed in th e la st 7 d ay s 4. D ur at io n of M PA o n da ys w he n M PA w as re po rt ed (a ve ra ge in m in ut es ) 5. Fr eq ue nc y of w al ki ng fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e (in th e la st 7 d ay s) 6. D ur at io n of w al ki ng o n da ys w he n at le as t 1 0 m in ut es of w al ki ng w er e re po rt ed (a ve ra ge in m in ut es ) Ad di tio na lly : 7. A ve ra ge ti m e sp en t s itt in g on a u su al d ay 8. Fr eq ue nc y of p hy si ca l a ct iv ity a t w or k in th e la st 7 d ay s (a lo t/ so m e/ lit tle o r n on e) 9. Fr eq ue nc y of p hy si ca l a ct iv ity w he n m ov in g fro m pl ac e to p la ce in th e la st 7 d ay s (a lo t/ so m e/ lit tle o r no ne ) 10 . Fr eq ue nc y of p hy si ca l a ct iv ity w he n w or ki ng in a nd ar ou nd th e ho us e in th e la st 7 d ay s (a lo t/ so m e/ lit tle or n on e) 11 . Fr eq ue nc y of p hy si ca l a ct iv ity in re cr ea tio n, s po rt a nd le is ur e- tim e ac tiv iti es in th e la st 7 d ay s (a lo t/ so m e/ lit tle o r n on e) Th e se ve nt h ite m is s lig ht ly d iff er en t fro m th e ite m in cl ud ed in IP A Q sh or t, w hi ch a sk s fo r tim e sp en t s itt in g on a u su al w ee kd ay du rin g th e la st 7 da ys ; i te m s 8– 11 a re ad di tio na l o ne s Eu ro ba ro m et er 6 7. 3. Sp ec ia l E ur ob ar om et er 28 3: h ea lth a nd lo ng - te rm c ar e in th e EU (2 8) A ll 27 E U M em be r S ta te s 20 07 15 + Fa ce -t o- fa ce in te rv ie w 1. Fr eq ue nc y of p er fo rm in g ex er ci se s 14 Su rv ey n am e Pa rt ic ip at in g EU co un tr ie s Su rv ey y ea r A ge ra ng e (y ea rs ) D at a co lle ct io n m et ho d M ea su re m en t i te m s Co m m en ts Eu ro ba ro m et er 7 2. 3 Sp ec ia l E ur ob ar om et er 33 4: s po rt a nd p hy si ca l ac tiv ity (2 9) A ll 27 E U M em be r S ta te s 20 09 15 + Fa ce -t o- fa ce in te rv ie w 1. Fr eq ue nc y of e xe rc is e/ sp or t p er w ee k 2. Fr eq ue nc y of p hy si ca l a ct iv ity o ut si de s po rt p er w ee k (c yc lin g, w al ki ng , d an ci ng , m ov in g fro m o ne p la ce to an ot he r) 3. Pl ac e w he re s po rt /p hy si ca l a ct iv ity is u nd er ta ke n 4. M ot iv at io n fo r e ng ag in g in s po rt /p hy si ca l a ct iv ity 5. M ot iv at io n fo r n ot e ng ag in g in s po rt /p hy si ca l a ct iv ity 6. M em be r o f s po rt o r r ec re at io na l p hy si ca l a ct iv ity c lu b EH IS – E ur op ea n H ea lth In te rv ie w S ur ve y (3 0) A ll 27 E U M em be r S ta te s 20 07 –2 00 9 15 + In te rv ie w er - ad m in is te re d qu es tio nn ai re Th re e ite m s f ro m IP AQ sh or t: 1. D ay s on w hi ch V PA w as re po rt ed in th e la st 7 d ay s 2. D ay s on w hi ch M PA w as re po rt ed in th e la st 7 d ay s 3. Fr eq ue nc y of w al ki ng fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e (in th e la st 7 d ay s) Ad di tio na lly : 4. Ti m e sp en t d oi ng V PA in th e la st 7 d ay s 5. Ti m e sp en t d oi ng M PA in th e la st 7 d ay s 6. Ti m e sp en t w al ki ng in th e la st 7 d ay s Th e th re e la st it em s ar e sl ig ht ly d iff er en t th an th os e in cl ud ed in IP A Q s ho rt , w hi ch as ks fo r t he d ur at io n of p hy si ca l a ct iv ity on d ay s w he n ph ys ic al a ct iv ity is re po rt ed (a ve ra ge in m in ut es ), w hi le E H IS as ks fo r t ot al ti m e sp en t d oi ng p hy si ca l ac tiv ity in th e la st 7 da ys 15 T ab le 2 . O ve rv ie w o f n at io na l s ur ve ys re po rt in g on p hy si ca l a ct iv it y pa tt er ns a nd le ve ls Co un tr y Su rv ey n am e Su rv ey ye ar A ge ra ng e (y ea rs ) D at a co lle ct io n m et ho d Ph ys ic al a ct iv it y m ea su re m en t i te m s A us tr ia H ea lth In te rv ie w Su rv ey (3 1) 20 06 15 + Fa ce -t o- fa ce in te rv ie w Se ve n ite m s f ro m IP AQ sh or t: 1. D ay s on w hi ch V PA fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e w as re po rt ed in th e la st 7 d ay s 2. D ur at io n of V PA o n da ys w he n VP A fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e w as re po rt ed (a ve ra ge in m in ut es ) 3. D ay s on w hi ch M PA fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e w as re po rt ed in th e la st 7 d ay s 4. D ur at io n of M PA o n da ys w he n M PA fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e w as re po rt ed (a ve ra ge in m in ut es ) 5. Fr eq ue nc y of w al ki ng fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e (in th e la st 7 d ay s) 6. D ur at io n of w al ki ng o n da ys w he n at le as t 1 0 m in ut es o f w al ki ng w er e re po rt ed (a ve ra ge in m in ut es ) 7. Ti m e sp en t s itt in g on a n av er ag e w ee kd ay (i n th e la st 7 d ay s) Ad di tio na lly : 8. To ta l t im e sp en t o n VP A in th e la st 7 d ay s 9. To ta l t im e sp en t o n M PA in th e la st 7 d ay s 10 . To ta l t im e sp en t w al ki ng in th e la st 7 d ay s 11 . D es cr ip tio n of le is ur e- tim e ac tiv iti es (h ar d tr ai ni ng a nd c om pe tit iv e sp or t m or e th an o nc e a w ee k/ jo gg in g an d ot he r r ec re at io na l s po rt s or h ea vy g ar de ni ng a t l ea st 4 h ou rs a w ee k/ jo gg in g an d ot he r r ec re at io na l s po rt s or h ea vy g ar de ni ng le ss th an 4 h ou rs a w ee k/ w al ki ng , c yc lin g or ot he r l ig ht a ct iv iti es a t l ea st 4 h ou rs a w ee k/ w al ki ng , c yc lin g or o th er li gh t a ct iv iti es le ss th an 4 ho ur s a w ee k/ re ad in g, w at ch in g TV o r o th er s ed en ta ry a ct iv iti es ) 12 . D ay s pe r w ee k en ga ge d in a ny re gu la r a ct iv ity (j og gi ng , c yc lin g) lo ng e no ug h to w or k up s w ea t 16 Co un tr y Su rv ey n am e Su rv ey ye ar A ge ra ng e (y ea rs ) D at a co lle ct io n m et ho d Ph ys ic al a ct iv it y m ea su re m en t i te m s Be lg iu m H ea lth In te rv ie w Su rv ey (3 2– 35 ) 19 97 20 01 20 04 20 08 15 + In te rv ie w er - ad m in is te re d/ se lf- ad m in is te re d qu es tio nn ai re 19 97 1. D es cr ip tio n of le is ur e tim e du rin g th e la st y ea r 2. Pa rt ic ip at io n in le is ur e- tim e ac tiv iti es th at w or k up s w ea t a t l ea st o nc e a w ee k 20 01 /2 00 4/ 20 08 Se ve n ite m s f ro m IP AQ sh or t: 1. D ay s on w hi ch V PA fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e w as re po rt ed in th e la st 7 d ay s 2. D ur at io n of V PA o n da ys w he n VP A fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e w as re po rt ed (a ve ra ge in m in ut es ) 3. D ay s on w hi ch M PA fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e w as re po rt ed in th e la st 7 d ay s 4. D ur at io n of M PA o n da ys w he n M PA fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e w as re po rt ed (a ve ra ge in m in ut es ) 5. Fr eq ue nc y of w al ki ng fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e (in th e la st 7 d ay s) 6. D ur at io n of w al ki ng o n da ys w he n at le as t 1 0 m in ut es o f w al ki ng w er e re po rt ed (a ve ra ge in m in ut es ) 7. Ti m e sp en t s itt in g on a n av er ag e w ee kd ay (i n th e la st 7 d ay s) Ad di tio na lly : 8. Pa ce o f w al ki ng (v ig or ou s/ m od er at e/ sl ow ) 9. D es cr ip tio n of le is ur e tim e du rin g th e la st y ea r 10 . Pa rt ic ip at io n in le is ur e- tim e ac tiv iti es th at w or k up s w ea t a t l ea st o nc e a w ee k Bu lg ar ia N at io na l Su rv ey o n N ut rit io n an d N ut rit io na l St at us o f Sc ho ol ch ild re n in B ul ga ria (3 6) 19 98 7– 19 Fa ce -t o- fa ce in te rv ie w 1. Le is ur e- tim e M VP A in s ch oo lc hi ld re n 2. Ti m e sp en t i n M VP A d ur in g le is ur e tim e in s ch oo lc hi ld re n (h ou rs /w ee k) 17 Co un tr y Su rv ey n am e Su rv ey ye ar A ge ra ng e (y ea rs ) D at a co lle ct io n m et ho d Ph ys ic al a ct iv it y m ea su re m en t i te m s N at io na l Su rv ey o n D ie ta ry In ta ke an d N ut rit io na l St at us o f Bu lg ar ia n Po pu la tio n (3 7) 20 04 7+ Fa ce -t o- fa ce in te rv ie w 1. A ve ra ge ti m e in h ou rs s pe nt s itt in g on a u su al d ay 2. Fr eq ue nc y of w al ki ng fo r a t l ea st 3 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e (in th e la st 7 d ay s) 3. U su al d ur at io n of w al ki ng a t a ti m e re po rt ed (a ve ra ge in h ou rs ) 4. Fr eq ue nc y an d us ua l d ur at io n of e xc ur si on s at w ee ke nd s fo r a m on th 5. Fr eq ue nc y of p hy si ca l a ct iv iti es a t s ch oo l ( in th e la st 7 d ay s) 6. Fr eq ue nc y an d us ua l d ur at io n of M VP A in th e la st 7 d ay s N at io na l Su rv ey o n N ut rit io n of In fa nt s an d C hi ld re n U nd er 5 Y ea rs an d Fa m ily C hi ld R ea rin g Pr ac tic es in Bu lg ar ia (3 8) 20 07 1– 4 Fa ce -t o- fa ce in te rv ie w 1. Ti m e sp en t d oi ng p hy si ca l a ct iv ity p er w ee k (h ou rs p er d ay a t h om e/ ki nd er ga rt en , h ou rs p er d ay ou ts id e) 2. Ti m e sp en t w at ch in g TV p er w ee k (fr eq ue nc y of T V w at ch in g pe r w ee k, d ur at io n in h ou rs p er da y) N at io na l su rv ey o n be ha vi ou ra l ris k fa ct or s am on g po pu la tio n ag ed 2 5– 64 (3 9) 20 07 25 –6 4 Fa ce -t o- fa ce in te rv ie w 1. Le is ur e- tim e ph ys ic al a ct iv ity 2. W or kp la ce p hy si ca l a ct iv ity 3. Ti m es p er w ee k sp en t o n M VP A 18 Co un tr y Su rv ey n am e Su rv ey ye ar A ge ra ng e (y ea rs ) D at a co lle ct io n m et ho d Ph ys ic al a ct iv it y m ea su re m en t i te m s Cy pr us C hi ld ho od ob es ity in Cy pr us (4 0) 19 99 –2 00 0 6– 17 Po st al q ue st io nn ai re (c om pl et ed by e ith er th e pa re nt (s ) al on e in th e ca se o f yo un ge r c hi ld re n or w ith th e ai d of th e su bj ec ts in th e ca se of c hi ld re n at te nd in g se co nd ar y sc ho ol ) 1. Pa rt ic ip at io n in s pe ci fic s po rt s ac tiv iti es 2. Ti m e sp en t d oi ng s pe ci fic s po rt s ac tiv ity p er w ee k 3. Ti m e sp en t d oi ng o th er a ct iv iti es th an s po rt s pe r w ee k 4. Fr eq ue nc y of s tr en uo us e xe rc is e se ss io ns , i .e . n um be r o f s es si on s pe r w ee k of m od er at e or in te ns e ex er ci se fo r a t l ea st 2 0 m in ut es (1 5 m in ut es fo r c hi ld re n yo un ge r t ha n 10 y ea rs ) t ha t ca us ed th e ch ild to s w ea t 5. Ti m e sp en t p la yi ng c om pu te r o r v id eo ga m es p er w ee k 6. Ti m e sp en t w at ch in g te le vi si on p er w ee kd ay C YK ID S St ud y (4 1) 20 05 9– 13 Sc ho ol -b as ed se lf- ad m in is te re d qu es tio nn ai re 1. Fr eq ue nc y an d du ra tio n of e ve ry da y ph ys ic al a nd s ed en ta ry a ct iv iti es o n w ee kd ay s, w ee ke nd s an d on th e da y pr io r t o th e co m pl et io n of th e qu es tio nn ai re , u si ng a n ei gh t- le ve l s ca le ra ng in g fro m 0 to m or e th an 8 h ou rs p er d ay o r w ee k 2. Ti m e sp en t o n in di vi du al p hy si ca l a ct iv iti es a ss es se d ba se d on a fo ur -le ve l s ca le ra ng in g fro m 0 to m or e th an 6 ti m es p er w ee k C ze ch Re pu bl ic Sa m pl e Su rv ey o f t he H ea lth S ta tu s of th e C ze ch Po pu la tio n (4 2– 45 ) 19 93 19 96 19 99 20 02 15 + Fa ce -t o- fa ce in te rv ie w 1. D ay s on w hi ch o ne e ng ag ed in h ar d tr ai ni ng o r c om pe tit iv e sp or ts fo r m or e th an 1 0 m in ut es in th e la st 7 d ay s 2. To ta l t im e sp en t d oi ng h ar d tr ai ni ng o r c om pe tit iv e sp or ts fo r m or e th an 1 0 m in ut es in th e la st 7 da ys 3. D ay s on w hi ch o ne e ng ag ed in jo gg in g, o th er re cr ea tio na l s po rt s, he av y ga rd en in g or ho us ew or k fo r m or e th an 1 0 m in ut es in th e la st 7 d ay s 4. To ta l t im e sp en t j og gi ng , d oi ng o th er re cr ea tio na l s po rt s, he av y ga rd en in g or h ou se w or k fo r m or e th an 1 0 m in ut es in th e la st 7 d ay s 5. D ay s on w hi ch o ne e ng ag ed in w al ki ng , c yc lin g or o th er li gh t a ct iv iti es fo r m or e th an 1 0 m in ut es in th e la st 7 d ay s 6. To ta l t im e sp en t w al ki ng , c yc lin g or d oi ng o th er li gh t a ct iv iti es fo r m or e th an 1 0 m in ut es in th e la st 7 d ay s 7. D ay s on w hi ch o ne e ng ag ed in re ad in g, w at ch in g TV o r d oi ng o th er s ed en ta ry a ct iv iti es fo r m or e th an 1 0 m in ut es in th e la st 7 d ay s 8. To ta l t im e sp en t r ea di ng , w at ch in g TV o r d oi ng o th er s ed en ta ry a ct iv iti es fo r m or e th an 1 0 m in ut es in th e la st 7 d ay s 9. In te ns ity o f p hy si ca l a ct iv ity a t w or k (1 . h ar d, p hy si ca lly d iffi cu lt w or k; 2 . e as y, p hy si ca lly le ss di ffi cu lt w or k; 3 . s ed en ta ry , p hy si ca lly n ot d iffi cu lt w or k; 4 . u ne m pl oy ed ) 19 Co un tr y Su rv ey n am e Su rv ey ye ar A ge ra ng e (y ea rs ) D at a co lle ct io n m et ho d Ph ys ic al a ct iv it y m ea su re m en t i te m s D en m ar k Th e D an is h H ea lth a nd M or bi di ty Su rv ey (4 6– 48 ) 19 87 19 94 20 00 16 + In te rv ie w er - ad m in is te re d/ se lf- ad m in is te re d qu es tio nn ai re 1. M in ut es s pe nt d ur in g w or k or fr ee ti m e on p hy si ca l a ct iv iti es th at m ak e yo u at le as t a li tt le o ut o f br ea th o n ea ch d ay o f t he p re vi ou s w ee k D an is h H ea lth In te rv ie w Su rv ey (4 9– 53 ) 19 87 19 94 20 00 20 05 16 + Fa ce -t o- fa ce in te rv ie w 1. D es cr ip tio n of le is ur e- tim e ph ys ic al a ct iv ity d ur in g th e la st y ea r ( he av y ex er ci se a nd c om pe tit iv e sp or ts re gu la rly a nd s ev er al ti m es a w ee k/ ex er ci se o r h ea vy g ar de ni ng a t l ea st 4 h ou rs a w ee k/ w al ki ng , c yc lin g or o th er li gh t e xe rc is e at le as t 4 h ou rs a w ee k/ re ad in g, w at ch in g TV o r o th er se de nt ar y ac tiv ity ) 2. D es cr ip tio n of p hy si ca l d em an d of m ai n oc cu pa tio n (m ai nl y se de nt ar y/ la rg el y pe rf or m ed st an di ng o r w al ki ng /s ta nd in g or w al ki ng p lu s m uc h lif tin g or c ar ry in g/ he av y or ra pi d w or k th at is s tr en uo us ) 3. Ti m e sp en t w al ki ng o r c yc lin g as d ai ly tr an sp or t t im e to a nd fr om w or k or s ch oo l ( w in te r/ su m m er ) Ex er ci se h ab its of th e D an es (5 4) 20 07 7– 15 Po st al o r I nt er ne t qu es tio nn ai re 1. H ou rs p er w ee k en ga ge d in s po rt o r e xe rc is e 2. Ti m es p er w ee k en ga ge d in s po rt o r e xe rc is e 3. Pa rt ic ip at io n in s pe ci fic s po rt s ac tiv iti es M on ito rin g of yo un g pe op le ’s lif es ty le a nd da ily li fe (5 5– 61 ) 20 00 20 01 20 02 20 03 20 04 20 06 20 08 16 –2 0 Se lf- ad m in is te re d qu es tio nn ai re 1. A ct iv e tr an sp or t 2. Se de nt ar y be ha vi ou r 3. Ph ys ic al a ct iv ity d ur in g le is ur e tim e Th e D an is h N at io na l Su rv ey o f D ie ta ry H ab its an d Ph ys ic al A ct iv ity 2 00 3– 20 06 (6 2) 20 03 –2 00 6 15 –7 5 Se lf- ad m in is te re d qu es tio nn ai re Ti m e sp en t o n: 1. Sl ee pi ng 2. W or ki ng 3. Tr an sp or ta tio n 4. H ou se ho ld c ho re s an d ou td oo r h ou se w or k/ ga rd en a ct iv iti es 5. Re cr ea tio na l/e xe rc is e ac tiv iti es 6. Ti m e sp en t s itt in g du rin g le is ur e tim e 20 Co un tr y Su rv ey n am e Su rv ey ye ar A ge ra ng e (y ea rs ) D at a co lle ct io n m et ho d Ph ys ic al a ct iv it y m ea su re m en t i te m s Es to ni a H ea lth Be ha vi ou r am on g Es to ni an A du lts (6 3– 72 ) Ev er y tw o ye ar s si nc e 19 90 16 –6 4 Po st al q ue st io nn ai re 1. M in ut es s pe nt w al ki ng o r r id in g a bi cy cl e to a nd fr om w or k pe r d ay (l es s th an 1 5 m in ut es a da y/ 15 –3 0 m in ut es a d ay /3 0– 60 m in ut es a d ay /m or e th an 6 0 m in ut es a d ay /I go to w or k by c ar or p ub lic tr an sp or t/ I a m n ot w or ki ng a t a ll or I w or k at h om e) 2. D ay s of p hy si ca l e xe rc is e du rin g le is ur e tim e fo r a t l ea st 3 0 m in ut es th at m ak es y ou m ild ly sh or t o f b re at h or p er sp ire (d ai ly /4 –6 ti m es a w ee k/ 2– 3 tim es a w ee k/ on ce a w ee k/ 2– 3 tim es a m on th /a fe w ti m es a y ea r o r l es s/ no t a bl e to e xe rc is e be ca us e of in ju ry o r i lln es s) 3. In te ns ity o f p hy si ca l a ct iv ity a t w or k (v er y lig ht , m ai nl y si tt in g/ lig ht , m ai nl y w al ki ng /m ed iu m , lif tin g, c ar ry in g lig ht lo ad s/ he av y, c lim bi ng , c ar ry in g he av y lo ad s) Es to ni an H ea lth In te rv ie w su rv ey (7 3, 74 ) 19 96 20 06 15 + Po st al q ue st io nn ai re 1. Pa rt ic ip at io n in c om pe tit iv e an d re cr ea tio na l s po rt s Fi nl an d H ea lth Be ha vi ou r an d H ea lth am on g th e Fi nn is h A du lt Po pu la tio n (7 5, 76 ) Ye ar ly s in ce 19 78 16 –6 4 Po st al q ue st io nn ai re 1. M in ut es s pe nt w al ki ng o r r id in g a bi cy cl e to a nd fr om w or k pe r d ay (l es s th an 1 5 m in ut es a da y/ 15 –3 0 m in ut es a d ay /3 0– 60 m in ut es a d ay /m or e th an 6 0 m in ut es a d ay /I go to w or k by c ar or p ub lic tr an sp or t/ I a m n ot w or ki ng a t a ll or I w or k at h om e) 2. D ay s of p hy si ca l e xe rc is e du rin g le is ur e tim e fo r a t l ea st 3 0 m in ut es th at m ak es y ou m ild ly sh or t o f b re at h or p er sp ire (d ai ly /4 –6 ti m es a w ee k/ 2– 3 tim es a w ee k/ on ce a w ee k/ 2– 3 tim es a m on th /a fe w ti m es a y ea r o r l es s/ no t a bl e to e xe rc is e be ca us e of in ju ry o r i lln es s) 3. In te ns ity o f p hy si ca l a ct iv ity a t w or k (v er y lig ht , m ai nl y si tt in g/ lig ht , m ai nl y w al ki ng /m ed iu m , lif tin g, c ar ry in g lig ht lo ad s/ he av y, c lim bi ng , c ar ry in g he av y lo ad s) 21 Co un tr y Su rv ey n am e Su rv ey ye ar A ge ra ng e (y ea rs ) D at a co lle ct io n m et ho d Ph ys ic al a ct iv it y m ea su re m en t i te m s H ea lth Ex am in at io n Su rv ey 2 00 0 (7 7) 20 00 18 + In te rv ie w er - ad m in is te re d qu es tio nn ai re Se ve n ite m s f ro m IP AQ sh or t: 1. D ay s on w hi ch V PA fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e w as re po rt ed in th e la st 7 d ay s 2. D ur at io n of V PA o n da ys w he n VP A fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e w as re po rt ed (a ve ra ge in m in ut es ) 3. D ay s on w hi ch M PA fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e w as re po rt ed in th e la st 7 d ay s 4. D ur at io n of M PA o n da ys w he n M PA fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e w as re po rt ed (a ve ra ge in m in ut es ) 5. Fr eq ue nc y of w al ki ng fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e (in th e la st 7 d ay s) 6. D ur at io n of w al ki ng o n da ys w he n at le as t 1 0 m in ut es o f w al ki ng w as re po rt ed (a ve ra ge in m in ut es ) 7. Ti m e sp en t s itt in g on a n av er ag e w ee kd ay (i n th e la st 7 d ay s) Ad di tio na lly : 8. Ti m e sp en t s itt in g on a n av er ag e w ee ke nd d ay 9. Le is ur e tim e ac tiv ity (f re qu en cy , d ur at io n, ty pe ) 10 . M in ut es s pe nt o n w al ki ng /c yc lin g to a nd fr om w or k on a w ee kd ay Th e N at io na l FI N RI SK S tu dy (7 8) Ev er y fif th ye ar s in ce 19 72 25 –7 4 Se lf- ad m in is te re d qu es tio nn ai re 1. In te ns ity o f w or k- re la te d ph ys ic al a ct iv ity 2. D ur at io n, in te ns ity a nd ty pe o f l ei su re -t im e ph ys ic al a ct iv ity 3. M in ut es s pe nt o n w al ki ng /c yc lin g to a nd fr om w or k on a w ee kd ay 22 Co un tr y Su rv ey n am e Su rv ey ye ar A ge ra ng e (y ea rs ) D at a co lle ct io n m et ho d Ph ys ic al a ct iv it y m ea su re m en t i te m s Fr an ce Ba ro m èt re Sa nt é (7 9, 80 ) 20 05 20 08 15 –7 4 In te rv ie w er - ad m in is te re d qu es tio nn ai re (t el ep ho ne ) 20 05 Se ve n ite m s f ro m IP AQ sh or t: 1. D ay s on w hi ch V PA fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e w as re po rt ed in th e la st 7 d ay s 2. D ur at io n of V PA o n da ys w he n VP A fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e w as re po rt ed (a ve ra ge in m in ut es ) 3. D ay s on w hi ch M PA fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e w as re po rt ed in th e la st 7 d ay s 4. D ur at io n of M PA o n da ys w he n M PA fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e w as re po rt ed (a ve ra ge in m in ut es ) 5. Fr eq ue nc y of w al ki ng fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e (in th e la st 7 d ay s) 6. D ur at io n of w al ki ng o n da ys w he n at le as t 1 0 m in ut es o f w al ki ng w as re po rt ed (a ve ra ge in m in ut es ) 7. Ti m e sp en t s itt in g on a n av er ag e w ee kd ay (i n th e la st 7 d ay s) 20 08 1. D ay s on w hi ch w or k- re la te d VP A fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e w as re po rt ed in a ty pi ca l w ee k 2. D ur at io n of w or k- re la te d VP A o n da ys w he n VP A fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e w as re po rt ed (a ve ra ge in m in ut es ) 3. D ay s on w hi ch w or k- re la te d M PA fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e w as re po rt ed in a ty pi ca l w ee k 4. D ur at io n of w or k- re la te d M PA o n da ys w he n M PA fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e w as re po rt ed (a ve ra ge in m in ut es ) 5. D ay s on w hi ch c yc lin g/ w al ki ng to a nd fr om p la ce s fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e w as re po rt ed in a ty pi ca l w ee k 6. D ur at io n of c yc lin g/ w al ki ng to a nd fr om p la ce s on d ay s w he n cy cl in g/ w al ki ng fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e w as re po rt ed (a ve ra ge in m in ut es ) 7. D ay s on w hi ch le is ur e- tim e VP A fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e w as re po rt ed in a ty pi ca l w ee k 8. D ur at io n of le is ur e- tim e VP A o n da ys w he n VP A fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e w as re po rt ed (a ve ra ge in m in ut es ) 9. D ay s on w hi ch le is ur e- tim e M PA fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e w as re po rt ed in a ty pi ca l w ee k 10 . D ur at io n of le is ur e- tim e M PA o n da ys w he n M PA fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e w as re po rt ed (a ve ra ge in m in ut es ) 11 . Ti m e sp en t s itt in g on a ty pi ca l d ay (m in ut es p er d ay ) 23 Co un tr y Su rv ey n am e Su rv ey ye ar A ge ra ng e (y ea rs ) D at a co lle ct io n m et ho d Ph ys ic al a ct iv it y m ea su re m en t i te m s N at io na l su rv ey o n nu tr iti on a nd he al th (8 1) 20 06 –2 00 7 15 –7 4 Fa ce -t o- fa ce in te rv ie w Se ve n ite m s f ro m IP AQ sh or t: 1. N um be r o f d ay s on w hi ch V PA fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e w as re po rt ed in th e la st 7 d ay s 2. D ur at io n of V PA o n da ys w he n VP A fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e w as re po rt ed (a ve ra ge in m in ut es ) 3. N um be r o f d ay s on w hi ch M PA fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e w as re po rt ed in th e la st 7 d ay s 4. D ur at io n of M PA o n da ys w he n M PA fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e w as re po rt ed (a ve ra ge in m in ut es ) 5. Fr eq ue nc y of w al ki ng fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e (in th e la st 7 d ay s) 6. A ve ra ge ti m e sp en t w al ki ng o n da ys w he n at le as t 1 0 m in ut es w er e re po rt ed 7. Ti m e sp en t s itt in g du rin g a w ee kd ay in th e la st 7 d ay s 24 Co un tr y Su rv ey n am e Su rv ey ye ar A ge ra ng e (y ea rs ) D at a co lle ct io n m et ho d Ph ys ic al a ct iv it y m ea su re m en t i te m s N at io na l Su rv ey o f In di vi du al Fo od Co ns um pt io n (8 2) 20 06 –2 00 7 18 –7 9, 15 –1 7, 11 –1 4, 3– 10 Fa ce -t o- fa ce in te rv ie w 18 –7 9 ye ar s Se ve n ite m s f ro m IP AQ sh or t: 1. N um be r o f d ay s on w hi ch V PA fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e w as re po rt ed in th e la st 7 d ay s 2. D ur at io n of V PA o n da ys w he n VP A fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e w as re po rt ed (a ve ra ge in m in ut es ) 3. N um be r o f d ay s on w hi ch M PA fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e w as re po rt ed in th e la st 7 d ay s 4. D ur at io n of M PA o n da ys w he n M PA fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e w as re po rt ed (a ve ra ge in m in ut es ) 5. Fr eq ue nc y of w al ki ng fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e (in th e la st 7 d ay s) 6. A ve ra ge ti m e sp en t w al ki ng o n da ys w he n at le as t 1 0 m in ut es o f w al ki ng w as re po rt ed (a ve ra ge in m in ut es ) 7. Ti m e sp en t s itt in g du rin g a w ee kd ay in th e la st 7 d ay s Ad di tio na lly : 8. Ti m e sp en t w at ch in g TV (o r D VD s) in th e la st 7 d ay s: av er ag e on b ot h w or ki ng d ay s an d no n- w or ki ng d ay s 9. Ti m e sp en t u si ng a c om pu te r ( le is ur e tim e) o r p la yi ng v id eo g am es in th e la st 7 d ay s: av er ag e on bo th w or ki ng d ay s an d no n- w or ki ng d ay s 15 –1 7 ye ar s Se ve n ite m s f ro m IP AQ sh or t: 1. N um be r o f d ay s on w hi ch V PA fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e w as re po rt ed in th e la st 7 d ay s 2. D ur at io n of V PA o n da ys w he n VP A fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e w as re po rt ed (a ve ra ge in m in ut es ) 3. N um be r o f d ay s on w hi ch M PA fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e w as re po rt ed in th e la st 7 d ay s 4. D ur at io n of M PA o n da ys w he n M PA fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e w as re po rt ed (a ve ra ge in m in ut es ) 5. Fr eq ue nc y of w al ki ng fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e (in th e la st 7 d ay s) 6. A ve ra ge ti m e sp en t w al ki ng o n da ys w he n at le as t 1 0 m in ut es w er e re po rt ed 7. Ti m e sp en t s itt in g du rin g a w ee kd ay in th e la st 7 d ay s Ad di tio na lly : 8. Ti m e sp en t w at ch in g TV (o r D VD s) in th e la st 7 d ay s: av er ag e on b ot h w or ki ng (o r s tu dy in g) d ay s an d no n- w or ki ng d ay s 9. Ti m e sp en t u si ng a c om pu te r ( le is ur e tim e) o r p la yi ng v id eo g am es in th e la st 7 d ay s: av er ag e on bo th w or ki ng (o r s tu dy in g) d ay s an d no n- w or ki ng d ay s 25 Co un tr y Su rv ey n am e Su rv ey ye ar A ge ra ng e (y ea rs ) D at a co lle ct io n m et ho d Ph ys ic al a ct iv it y m ea su re m en t i te m s 11 –1 4 ye ar s 1. N um be r o f d ay s on w hi ch V PA fo r a t l ea st 2 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e w as re po rt ed in th e la st 7 d ay s 2. N um be r o f d ay s on w hi ch M PA fo r a t l ea st 3 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e w as re po rt ed in th e la st 7 d ay s 3. N um be r o f d ay s of e nr ol m en t i n sp or ts a t s ch oo l i n th e la st 7 d ay s an d du ra tio n (a ve ra ge in m in ut es ) 4. M od e of tr an sp or t g en er al ly u se d fo r c om m ut in g to s ch oo l 5. Ti m e sp en t w at ch in g TV (o r D VD s) in th e la st 7 d ay s: av er ag e on b ot h sc ho ol a nd n on -s ch oo l da ys 6. Ti m e sp en t u si ng a c om pu te r ( le is ur e tim e) o r p la yi ng v id eo g am es in th e la st 7 d ay s: av er ag e on bo th s ch oo l a nd n on -s ch oo l d ay s 3– 10 y ea rs 1. N um be r o f d ay s on w hi ch th e ch ild h as p la ye d ou ts id e af te r s ch oo l ( pl ay gr ou nd s) in th e la st 7 da ys , t ak in g in to a cc ou nt o nl y sc ho ol da ys 2. N um be r o f d ay s of s po rt s or h ar d tr ai ni ng o ut si de s ch oo l i n th e la st 7 d ay s 3. N um be r o f d ay s of e nr ol m en t i n sp or ts c om pe tit io ns o ut si de s ch oo l i n th e la st 7 d ay s 4. M od e of tr an sp or t g en er al ly u se d fo r c om m ut in g to s ch oo l 5. En ro lm en t i n sp or ts a t s ch oo l i n th e la st 7 d ay s : y es /n o 6. Ti m e sp en t w at ch in g TV (o r D VD s) in th e la st 7 d ay s: av er ag e on b ot h sc ho ol a nd n on -s ch oo l da ys 7. Ti m e sp en t u si ng a c om pu te r ( le is ur e tim e) o r p la yi ng v id eo g am es in th e la st 7 d ay s: av er ag e on bo th s ch oo l a nd n on -s ch oo l d ay s G er m an y Fe de ra l H ea lth Su rv ey (8 3) 19 98 18 + In te rv ie w er - ad m in is te re d qu es tio nn ai re 1. Pa rt ic ip at io n in s po rt s in h ou rs p er w ee k (n o pa rt ic ip at io n/ < 1 ho ur /1 –2 h ou rs /2 –4 h ou rs /> 4 ho ur s) 2. Pa rt ic ip at io n in s po rt s, ot he r s tr en uo us a ct iv iti es th at m ak e yo u sw ea t ( da ily /3 –6 ti m es a w ee k/ 1– 2 tim es a w ee k/ se ld om (a bo ut o nc e a m on th )/ ne ve r 3. Ti m e sp en t o n sp or ts , o th er s tr en uo us a ct iv iti es th at m ak e yo u sw ea t ( < 10 m in /1 0– 20 m in /2 0– 30 m in /> 30 m in ) 4. Ti m e sp en t d ur in g w ee kd ay s/ w ee ke nd d ay s (2 4 ho ur s) o n sl ee pi ng /r es tin g, s itt in g, li gh t ac tiv iti es , m od er at e ac tiv iti es , s tr en uo us a ct iv iti es Te le ph on e H ea lth S ur ve y (8 4) 20 03 18 + In te rv ie w er - ad m in is te re d qu es tio nn ai re 1. Pa rt ic ip at io n in s po rt s in th e la st th re e m on th s 26 Co un tr y Su rv ey n am e Su rv ey ye ar A ge ra ng e (y ea rs ) D at a co lle ct io n m et ho d Ph ys ic al a ct iv it y m ea su re m en t i te m s H ea lth in G er m an y (8 5) 20 08 –2 00 9 18 + In te rv ie w er - ad m in is te re d qu es tio nn ai re 1. D ay s pe r w ee k of p hy si ca l a ct iv ity (t ha t w or ks u p sw ea t o r g et s yo u ou t o f b re at h) 2. Ti m e sp en t o n ph ys ic al a ct iv ity o n ac tiv e da ys (< 10 m in ut es /1 0 m in ut es to < 30 m in ut es /3 0 m in ut es to < 60 m in ut es /> 60 m in ut es ) 3. Pa rt ic ip at io n in s po rt s in th e la st th re e m on th 4. Ti m e sp en t o n sp or ts (< 1 ho ur p er w ee k/ up to 1 , 2 o r 4 h ou rs p er w ee k/ > 4 ho ur s pe r w ee k) G er m an H ea lth In te rv ie w a nd Ex am in at io n Su rv ey fo r A du lts (8 6) 20 08 –2 01 1 18 –7 9 Se lf- ad m in is te re d qu es tio nn ai re 1. D ay s pe r w ee k of p hy si ca l a ct iv ity (t ha t w or ks u p sw ea t o r g et s yo u ou t o f b re at h) 2. Ti m e sp en t o n ph ys ic al a ct iv ity o n ac tiv e da ys (< 10 m in ut es /1 0 m in ut es to < 30 m in ut es /3 0 m in ut es to < 60 m in ut es /> 60 m in ut es ) 3. Pa rt ic ip at io n in s po rt s in th e la st th re e m on th 4. Ti m e sp en t o n sp or ts (< 1 ho ur p er w ee k/ up to 1 , 2 o r 4 h ou rs p er w ee k/ > 4 ho ur s pe r w ee k) G er m an H ea lth In te rv ie w a nd Ex am in at io n Su rv ey fo r C hi ld re n an d A do le sc en ts (8 7) 20 03 –2 00 6 0– 17 Se lf- ad m in is te re d qu es tio nn ai re (f or ch ild re n yo un ge r th an 1 0 ye ar s, a qu es tio nn ai re is co m pl et ed b y th e pa re nt /c ar eg iv er ; f or ch ild re n ov er 1 0 ye ar s, bo th th e pa re nt / ca re gi ve r a nd th e ch ild re ce iv e a qu es tio nn ai re fo r c om pl et io n) 1. Ph ys ic al a ct iv ity (s ta rt s w ea tin g or g et o ut o f b re at h) in le is ur e tim e (e .g . s po rt s, cy cl in g) : n ev er / ev er y da y/ 3– 5 tim es a w ee k/ 1– 2 tim es a w ee k/ 1– 2 tim es a m on th ) 2. To ta l h ou rs o f p hy si ca l a ct iv ity p er w ee k 27 Co un tr y Su rv ey n am e Su rv ey ye ar A ge ra ng e (y ea rs ) D at a co lle ct io n m et ho d Ph ys ic al a ct iv it y m ea su re m en t i te m s G re ec e Eu ro pe an Pr os pe ct iv e In ve st ig at io n in to C an ce r an d N ut rit io n G re ek c oh or t (8 8) 19 94 –1 99 9 25 + Fa ce -t o- fa ce in te rv ie w 1. H ou rs p er w ee k w al ki ng 2. H ou rs p er w ee k cy cl in g 3. H ou rs p er w ee k ga rd en in g 4. H ou rs p er w ee k do in g ho us ew or k 5. H ou rs p er w ee k do in g ot he r p hy si ca l e xe rc is e (k ee p fit , a er ob ic s, sw im m in g, jo gg in g) 6. H ou rs p er w ee k VP A 7. D es cr ip tio n of p hy si ca l d em an d of c ur re nt o cc up at io n (s ed en ta ry /s ta nd in g/ m an ua l w or k/ he av y m an ua l) 8. N um be r o f y ea rs e ng ag ed in c ur re nt o cc up at io n 9. H ou rs p er d ay e ng ag ed in c ur re nt o cc up at io n H un ga ry N at io na l H ea lth In te rv ie w Su rv ey (8 9, 90 ) 20 00 20 03 18 + In te rv ie w er - ad m in is te re d qu es tio nn ai re 20 00 1. Ph ys ic al a ct iv ity fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es th at q ui ck en s th e he ar tb ea t a nd c au se s w ea tin g (y es /n o) 2. Fr eq ue nc y of s uc h ph ys ic al a ct iv ity in th e pa st 1 2 m on th s 20 03 Si x ite m s f ro m IP AQ sh or t: 1. D ay s on w hi ch V PA fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e w as re po rt ed in th e la st 7 d ay s 2. D ur at io n of V PA o n da ys w he n VP A fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e w as re po rt ed (a ve ra ge in m in ut es ) 3. D ay s on w hi ch M PA fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e w as re po rt ed in th e la st 7 d ay s 4. D ur at io n of M PA o n da ys w he n M PA fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e w as re po rt ed (a ve ra ge in m in ut es ) 5. Fr eq ue nc y of w al ki ng fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e (in th e la st 7 d ay s) 6. D ur at io n of w al ki ng o n da ys w he n at le as t 1 0 m in ut es o f w al ki ng w as re po rt ed (a ve ra ge in m in ut es ) 28 Co un tr y Su rv ey n am e Su rv ey ye ar A ge ra ng e (y ea rs ) D at a co lle ct io n m et ho d Ph ys ic al a ct iv it y m ea su re m en t i te m s Ire la nd N at io na l Su rv ey o f Li fe st yl e, A tt itu de s an d N ut rit io n (9 1– 93 ) 19 98 20 02 20 07 18 + In te rv ie w er - ad m in is te re d qu es tio nn ai re 19 98 /2 00 2/ 20 07 1. En ga gi ng in s om e fo rm o f r eg ul ar p hy si ca l e xe rc is e (m ild e xe rc is e m os t d ay s of th e w ee k/ m od er at e ex er ci se th re e or m or e da ys a w ee k/ st re nu ou s ex er ci se th re e or m or e da ys a w ee k) 2. En ga gi ng in m ild /m od er at e/ st re nu ou s ph ys ic al e xe rc is e fo r a t l ea st 2 0 m in ut es m os t d ay s of th e w ee k 3. Fr eq ue nc y of w al ki ng fo r 3 0 m in ut es o r m or e pe r w ee k 20 07 Al so in cl ud es se ve n ite m s f ro m IP AQ sh or t: 1. D ay s on w hi ch V PA fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e w as re po rt ed in th e la st 7 d ay s 2. D ur at io n of V PA o n da ys w he n VP A fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e w as re po rt ed (a ve ra ge in m in ut es ) 3. D ay s on w hi ch M PA fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e w as re po rt ed in th e la st 7 d ay s 4. D ur at io n of M PA o n da ys w he n M PA fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e w as re po rt ed (a ve ra ge in m in ut es ) 5. Fr eq ue nc y of w al ki ng fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e (in th e la st 7 d ay s) 6. D ur at io n of w al ki ng o n da ys w he n at le as t 1 0 m in ut es o f w al ki ng w as re po rt ed (a ve ra ge in m in ut es ) 7. Ti m e sp en t s itt in g on a n av er ag e w ee kd ay (i n th e la st 7 d ay s) N at io na l A du lt N ut rit io n Su rv ey (9 4) 20 07 20 12 18 + Se lf- ad m in is te re d qu es tio nn ai re O bj ec tiv e m ea su re m en t o f ph ys ic al a ct iv ity le ve ls us in g an a ct ig ra ph 1. U su al m od e of tr an sp or t a nd d is ta nc e (a pa rt fr om g oi ng to w or k) 2. Ti m e sp en t w at ch in g TV o r v id eo s on a n av er ag e w ee kd ay /w ee ke nd d ay /h ol id ay in th e la st y ea r 3. Ti m es p er d ay c lim bi ng th e st ai rs (a pp ro x. 1 0 st ep s) o ve r t he la st 1 2 m on th s 4. A ve ra ge h ou rs p er w ee k sp en t o n sp ec ifi c ac tiv iti es in a nd a ro un d th e ho us e 5. A ve ra ge h ou rs p er w ee k sp en t o n w or k- re la te d ac tiv iti es (s itt in g, s ta nd in g, c ar ry in g he av y ite m s) 6. Ti m es p er d ay c lim bi ng th e st ai rs a t w or k (a pp ro x. 1 0 st ep s) o ve r t he la st 1 2 m on th s 7. Kn ee lin g an d sq ua tt in g at w or k fo r m or e th en o ne h ou r p er d ay 8. U su al m od e of tr an sp or t a nd d is ta nc e to w or k 9. Ti m es a nd a ve ra ge h ou rs p er w ee k sp en t o n sp ec ifi c le is ur e tim e ac tiv iti es 29 Co un tr y Su rv ey n am e Su rv ey ye ar A ge ra ng e (y ea rs ) D at a co lle ct io n m et ho d Ph ys ic al a ct iv it y m ea su re m en t i te m s N at io na l C hi ld re n’ s Fo od Su rv ey (9 5) 20 05 5– 12 Se lf- ad m in is te re d qu es tio nn ai re O bj ec tiv e m ea su re m en t o f ph ys ic al a ct iv ity le ve ls us in g an a cc el er om et er Th e ch ild re n’ s q ue st io nn ai re : 1. Tr av el fr om a nd to s ch oo l i n th e m or ni ng a nd a ft er no on 2. A ct iv iti es d ur in g lu nc h tim e or o th er s ch oo l b re ak s 3. Ti m e sp en t w at ch in g TV o r v id eo s on a n av er ag e w ee kd ay /w ee ke nd d ay /h ol id ay in th e la st y ea r 4. Ti m e sp en t p la yi ng c om pu te r g am es o n an a ve ra ge w ee kd ay /w ee ke nd d ay /h ol id ay in th e la st ye ar 5. Ti m es a nd a ve ra ge h ou rs p er w ee k sp en t o n sp ec ifi c le is ur e tim e ac tiv iti es Th e pa re nt s’ qu es tio nn ai re : 1. U su al m od e of tr an sp or t t o w or k an d ot he r t ha n w or k 2. Ti m e sp en t w at ch in g TV o r v id eo s on a n av er ag e w ee kd ay /w ee ke nd d ay /h ol id ay in th e la st y ea r 3. A ve ra ge h ou rs p er w ee k sp en t o n w or k- re la te d ac tiv iti es (s itt in g, s ta nd in g, c ar ry in g he av y ite m s) 4. Ti m es a nd a ve ra ge h ou rs p er w ee k sp en t o n sp ec ifi c le is ur e tim e ac tiv iti es N at io na l T ee n’ s Fo od S ur ve y (9 6) 20 08 13 –1 7 Se lf- ad m in is te re d qu es tio nn ai re O bj ec tiv e m ea su re m en t o f ph ys ic al a ct iv ity le ve ls us in g an a cc el er om et er Th e te en s’ qu es tio nn ai re : 1. Tr av el fr om a nd to s ch oo l i n th e m or ni ng a nd a ft er no on 2. A ct iv iti es d ur in g lu nc h tim e 3. N um be r o f t im es p er w ee k sp en t i n or ga ni ze d sc ho ol s po rt a ct iv iti es 4. Ti m e sp en t w at ch in g TV o r v id eo s on a n av er ag e w ee kd ay /w ee ke nd d ay /h ol id ay in th e la st y ea r 5. Ti m e sp en t p la yi ng c om pu te r g am es o n an a ve ra ge w ee kd ay /w ee ke nd d ay /h ol id ay in th e la st ye ar 6. A ve ra ge h ou rs p er w ee k sp en t o n sp ec ifi c ac tiv iti es in a nd a ro un d th e ho us e 7. A ve ra ge h ou rs p er w ee k sp en t o n w or k- re la te d ac tiv iti es (s itt in g, s ta nd in g, c ar ry in g he av y ite m s) 8. Ti m es a nd a ve ra ge h ou rs p er w ee k sp en t o n sp ec ifi c le is ur e tim e ac tiv iti es Th e pa re nt s’ qu es tio nn ai re : 1. U su al m od e of tr an sp or t t o w or k an d ot he r t ha n w or k 2. Ti m e sp en t w at ch in g TV o r v id eo s on a n av er ag e w ee kd ay /w ee ke nd d ay /h ol id ay in th e la st y ea r 3. A ve ra ge h ou rs p er w ee k sp en t o n sp ec ifi c ac tiv iti es in a nd a ro un d th e ho us e 4. A ve ra ge h ou rs p er w ee k sp en t o n w or k- re la te d ac tiv iti es (s itt in g, s ta nd in g, c ar ry in g he av y ite m s) 5. Ti m es a nd a ve ra ge h ou rs p er w ee k sp en t o n sp ec ifi c le is ur e tim e ac tiv iti es 30 Co un tr y Su rv ey n am e Su rv ey ye ar A ge ra ng e (y ea rs ) D at a co lle ct io n m et ho d Ph ys ic al a ct iv it y m ea su re m en t i te m s G ro w in g up in Ire la nd (9 7) 20 09 9 In te rv ie w er - ad m in is te re d qu es tio nn ai re Re po rt ed b y ch ild : 1. D ay s on w hi ch M VP A fo r a t l ea st 6 0 m in ut es a d ay is re po rt ed in th e la st 7 d ay s Re po rt ed b y ca re gi ve r: 1. D ay s on w hi ch V PA f or a t l ea st 2 0 m in ut es a d ay is p er fo rm ed in th e la st 1 4 da ys 2. D ay s on w hi ch M PA fo r a t l ea st 2 0 m in ut es a d ay is p er fo rm ed in th e la st 1 4 da ys Ita ly Ita lia n Be ha vi ou r Ri sk F ac to r Su rv ei lla nc e Sy st em (9 8) 20 05 20 06 20 07 20 08 18 –6 5 In te rv ie w er - ad m in is te re d qu es tio nn ai re 1. In te ns ity o f p hy si ca l a ct iv ity a t w or k (v ig or ou s, m od er at e, m os tly s ta nd in g/ si tt in g) 2. N um be r o f d ay s w ith V PA 3. Ti m e in m in ut es s pe nt in V PA o n da ys w he n it is re po rt ed 4. N um be r o f d ay s w ith M PA 5. Ti m e in m in ut es s pe nt in M PA o n da ys w he n it is re po rt ed 6. Pe rc ep tio n of p hy si ca l a ct iv ity o ve r t he la st 3 0 da ys (m or e th an e no ug h/ en ou gh /n ot e no ug h/ ha rd ly a ny ) 7. A dv ic e on p hy si ca l a ct iv ity re ce iv ed o ve r t he la st 1 2 m on th s (fr om d oc to r o r n ur se ) O kk io a lla sa lu te (p ro m ot io n of h ea lth y lif es ty le a nd gr ow th in pr im ar y sc ho ol ch ild re n) (9 9) 20 08 20 10 8 Se lf- ad m in is te re d qu es tio nn ai re (a nd a dd iti on al se lf- ad m in is te re d qu es tio nn ai re s to te ac he rs a nd p ar en ts ) 1. M od e of tr an sp or t u se d to c om e to s ch oo l t od ay (b us /o n fo ot /b ic yc le /c ar /o th er ) 2. Pl ay in g ou ts id e in th e af te rn oo n be fo re th e su rv ey (y es /n o) 3. O rg an iz ed s po rt s ac tiv iti es in th e af te rn oo n be fo re th e su rv ey (y es /n o) 4. Pl ay in g vi de o or c om pu te r g am es : i n th e af te rn oo n be fo re th e su rv ey (y es /n o) ; i n th e ev en in g be fo re th e su rv ey (y es /n o) 5. TV w at ch in g: in th e af te rn oo n be fo re th e su rv ey (y es /n o) ; i n th e ev en in g be fo re th e su rv ey (y es / no ); on th e m or ni ng o f t he s ur ve y (y es /n o) Re po rt ed th ro ug h pa re nt s’ qu es tio nn ai re : 1. N um be r o f d ay s do in g ph ys ic al a ct iv ity in a ve ra ge w ee k 2. Im pr es si on o f t im e de di ca te d to p hy si ca l a ct iv ity b y ch ild (l itt le /a ve ra ge /a lo t) 3. A ve ra ge ti m e sp en t p er d ay d oi ng h om ew or k 4. A ve ra ge ti m e sp en t p er d ay p la yi ng v id eo o r c om pu te r g am es 5. A ve ra ge ti m e sp en t p er d ay w at ch in g TV 6. TV s et in th e ch ild ’s ro om (y es /n o) 31 Co un tr y Su rv ey n am e Su rv ey ye ar A ge ra ng e (y ea rs ) D at a co lle ct io n m et ho d Ph ys ic al a ct iv it y m ea su re m en t i te m s La tv ia H ea lth Be ha vi ou r am on g La tv ia n A du lts (1 00 –1 04 ) Ev er y tw o ye ar s si nc e 19 98 16 –6 4 Po st al q ue st io nn ai re 1. M in ut es s pe nt w al ki ng o r c yc lin g to a nd fr om w or k pe r d ay (< 15 m in ut es a d ay /1 5– 30 m in ut es a da y/ 30 –6 0 m in ut es a d ay /> 60 m in ut es a d ay /g o to w or k by c ar o r p ub lic tr an sp or t/ no t w or ki ng at a ll or w or k at h om e) 2. D ay s of p hy si ca l e xe rc is e du rin g le is ur e tim e fo r a t l ea st 3 0 m in ut es th at m ak es y ou m ild ly sh or t o f b re at h or p er sp ire (d ai ly /4 –6 ti m es a w ee k/ 2– 3 tim es a w ee k/ on ce a w ee k/ 2– 3 tim es a m on th /a fe w ti m es a y ea r o r l es s/ no t a bl e to e xe rc is e be ca us e of in ju ry o r i lln es s) 3. In te ns ity o f p hy si ca l a ct iv ity a t w or k (v er y lig ht , m ai nl y si tt in g/ lig ht , m ai nl y w al ki ng /m ed iu m , lif tin g, c ar ry in g lig ht lo ad s/ he av y, c lim bi ng , c ar ry in g he av y lo ad s) Li th ua ni a H ea lth Be ha vi ou r am on g Li th ua ni an A du lts (1 05 – 10 9) Ev er y tw o ye ar s si nc e 19 94 16 –6 4 Po st al q ue st io nn ai re 1. M in ut es s pe nt w al ki ng o r c yc lin g to a nd fr om w or k pe r d ay (< 15 m in ut es a d ay /1 5– 30 m in ut es a da y/ 30 –6 0 m in ut es a d ay /> 60 m in ut es a d ay /g o to w or k by c ar o r p ub lic tr an sp or t/ am n ot w or ki ng a t a ll or w or k at h om e) 2. D ay s of p hy si ca l e xe rc is e du rin g le is ur e tim e fo r a t l ea st 3 0 m in ut es th at m ak es y ou m ild ly sh or t o f b re at h or p er sp ire (d ai ly /4 –6 ti m es a w ee k/ 2– 3 tim es a w ee k/ on ce a w ee k/ 2– 3 tim es a m on th /a fe w ti m es a y ea r o r l es s/ no t a bl e to e xe rc is e be ca us e of in ju ry o r i lln es s) 3. In te ns ity o f p hy si ca l a ct iv ity a t w or k (v er y lig ht , m ai nl y si tt in g/ lig ht , m ai nl y w al ki ng /m ed iu m , lif tin g, c ar ry in g lig ht lo ad s/ he av y, c lim bi ng , c ar ry in g he av y lo ad s) Lu xe m bo ur g Th e w el l-b ei ng of y ou ng pe op le in Lu xe m bo ur g: 5t h an d 6t h gr ad es (1 10 ,1 11 ) 19 99 20 02 11 , 1 2 Se lf- ad m in is te re d qu es tio nn ai re 1. H ou rs p er w ee k pa rt ic ip at in g in s po rt s 2. Ti m es e ng ag in g in s po rt s ou ts id e ph ys ic al e du ca tio n 3. H ou rs p er w ee k sp en t o n sp or ts o ut si de p hy si ca l e du ca tio n 4. H ou rs p er d ay w at ch in g TV 5. H ou rs p er w ee k pl ay in g co m pu te r g am es H ea lth , m ot or sk ill s, ph ys ic al ac tiv ity a nd sp or t f or ch ild re n an d yo un g pe op le in L ux em bo ur g (1 12 ) 20 04 20 08 9, 1 4, 1 8 Se lf- ad m in is te re d qu es tio nn ai re 1. H ou rs p er w ee k pa rt ic ip at in g in s po rt s 2. Ti m es e ng ag in g in s po rt s ou ts id e ph ys ic al e du ca tio n 3. H ou rs p er w ee k sp en t o n sp or ts o ut si de p hy si ca l e du ca tio n 4. H ou rs p er d ay w at ch in g TV 5. H ou rs p er w ee k pl ay in g co m pu te r g am es 32 Co un tr y Su rv ey n am e Su rv ey ye ar A ge ra ng e (y ea rs ) D at a co lle ct io n m et ho d Ph ys ic al a ct iv it y m ea su re m en t i te m s M al ta Th e fir st N at io na l H ea lth In te rv ie w Su rv ey (1 13 ) 20 02 16 + In te rv ie w er - ad m in is te re d qu es tio nn ai re Se ve n ite m s f ro m IP AQ sh or t: 1. D ay s on w hi ch V PA fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e w as re po rt ed in th e la st 7 d ay s 2. D ur at io n of V PA o n da ys w he n VP A fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e w as re po rt ed (a ve ra ge in m in ut es ) 3. D ay s on w hi ch M PA fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e w as re po rt ed in th e la st 7 d ay s 4. D ur at io n of M PA o n da ys w he n M PA fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e w as re po rt ed (a ve ra ge in m in ut es ) 5. Fr eq ue nc y of w al ki ng fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e (in th e la st 7 d ay s) 6. D ur at io n of w al ki ng o n da ys w he n at le as t 1 0 m in ut es o f w al ki ng w as re po rt ed (a ve ra ge in m in ut es ) 7. Ti m e sp en t s itt in g on a n av er ag e w ee kd ay (i n th e la st 7 d ay s) Ad di tio na lly : 8. En ga gi ng a t l ea st o nc e a w ee k in a ny re gu la r a ct iv ity s uc h as jo gg in g or c yc lin g fo r l on g en ou gh to w or k up a s w ea t 9. N um be r o f d ay s en ga ge d in th is a ct iv ity 10 . Ty pe o f a ct iv ity H ea lth y St ud en ts H ea lth y Li ve s: th e he al th of M al te se un iv er si ty st ud en ts (1 14 ) 20 08 U ni ve rs ity st ud en ts (> 20 , 20 –2 5, < 25 ) Se lf- ad m in is te re d qu es tio nn ai re 1. Fr eq ue nc y of p ar tic ip at io n in v ig or ou s ex er ci se fo r a t l ea st 2 0 m in ut es o r m od er at e ex er ci se fo r at le as t 3 0 m in ut es (e ve ry d ay /2 -4 ti m es p er w ee k/ on ce a w ee k/ on ce a m on th o r l es s/ irr eg ul ar / ra re ly o r n ev er ) N et he rla nd s Pe rm an en t Q ua lit y of L ife Su rv ey (1 15 ) Ye ar ly s in ce 19 97 12 + In te rv ie w er - ad m in is te re d qu es tio nn ai re Fr eq ue nc y, d ur at io n an d in te ns ity o f t he fo llo w in g ac tiv iti es : 1. Tr an sp or t- re la te d ac tiv iti es to a nd fr om w or k/ sc ho ol (t im es p er w ee k, m in ut es p er d ay ) 2. A ct iv iti es a t w or k/ sc ho ol (h ou rs p er w ee k) 3. H ou se ho ld -r el at ed a ct iv iti es (t im es p er w ee k, m in ut es p er d ay ) 4. Le is ur e- tim e ac tiv iti es (w al ki ng /c yc lin g/ ga rd en in g/ ho us eh ol d ch or es : t im es p er w ee k, m in ut es pe r d ay , i nt en si ty ) 5. Sp or ts a ct iv iti es (t im es p er w ee k, m in ut es p er d ay , i nt en si ty ) 33 Co un tr y Su rv ey n am e Su rv ey ye ar A ge ra ng e (y ea rs ) D at a co lle ct io n m et ho d Ph ys ic al a ct iv it y m ea su re m en t i te m s O bi N S ur ve y: In ju rie s an d Ph ys ic al A ct iv iti es N et he rla nd s (1 16 ) Co nt in u- ou sl y si nc e 20 00 a s a co n- tin ua tio n of p re vi ou s su rv ey s in 19 86 –1 98 7, 19 92 –1 99 3 an d 19 97 – 19 98 4+ In te rv ie w er - ad m in is te re d qu es tio nn ai re (t el ep ho ne -r ep or te d by p ar en ts /c ar eg iv er w he n se le ct ed p er so n w as b et w ee n 4 an d 11 ye ar s ol d) 1. Fr eq ue nc y of p hy si ca l a ct iv ity o f a t l ea st 3 0 m in ut es p er d ay d ur in g a ra nd om w ee k in th e su m m er /w in te r 2. Fr eq ue nc y of p hy si ca l a ct iv ity o f a t l ea st 6 0 m in ut es p er d ay d ur in g a ra nd om w ee k in th e su m m er /w in te r 3. Fr eq ue nc y of le is ur e- tim e ac tiv iti es d ur in g a ra nd om w ee k in th e su m m er /w in te r t ha t a re vi go ro us e no ug h to m ak e on e sw ea t 4. In te ns ity a nd d ur at io n of s pe ci fic a ct iv iti es (w al ki ng /c yc lin g to w or k, p hy si ca l a ct iv iti es a t w or k, w al ki ng in le is ur e tim e, c yc lin g in le is ur e tim e, g ar de ni ng /h ou se ho ld c ho re s/ sp or ts ) o n th e pr ev io us d ay 5. H ou rs s pe nt s itt in g at w or k/ sc ho ol o n an a ve ra ge w ee kd ay (i nc lu di ng tr an sp or t t o an d fro m w or k/ sc ho ol ) 6. H ou rs s pe nt s itt in g ou ts id e w or k an d sc ho ol h ou rs , e xc lu di ng s le ep in g 7. H ou rs s pe nt s itt in g du rin g a fre e da y, e xc lu di ng s le ep in g 8. H ou rs s pe nt in b ed d ur in g an a ve ra ge n ig ht Lo ca l a nd N at io na l H ea lth M on ito r fo r C hi ld re n’ s H ea lth (1 17 ) Co nt in uo us st ud y w ith qu ar te rly re po rt s si nc e 20 00 2– 4 In te rv ie w er - ad m in is te re d qu es tio nn ai re (t el ep ho ne ) Re po rt ed o ve r t he la st 7 d ay s: 1. N um be r o f d ay s w at ch in g TV /v id eo s/ D VD s 2. A ve ra ge ti m e pe r d ay w at ch in g TV /v id eo s/ D VD s 3. N um be r o f d ay s pl ay in g co m pu te r g am es 4. A ve ra ge ti m e pe r d ay p la yi ng c om pu te r g am es 5. N um be r o f d ay s pl ay in g ou ts id e 6. A ve ra ge ti m e pe r d ay p la yi ng o ut si de 7. Fr eq ue nc y pe r w ee k of p ar tic ip at in g in a ct iv iti es s uc h as s w im m in g, to dd le r g ym a nd d an ci ng 4– 12 Po st al o r i nt er ne t qu es tio nn ai re (re po rt ed b y pa re nt s/ ca re gi ve r) Re po rt ed o ve r t he la st 7 d ay s: 1. N um be r o f d ay s cy cl in g/ w al ki ng to s ch oo l 2. A ve ra ge ti m e pe r d ay s pe nt c yc lin g/ w al ki ng to s ch oo l 3. Fr eq ue nc y pe r w ee k of p ar tic ip at io n in s po rt s at s ch oo l 4. M em be r o f s po rt s cl ub 5. Fr eq ue nc y of p ar tic ip at io n in s po rt s ac tiv iti es a t a c lu b ou ts id e sc ho ol in th e la st w ee k 6. A ve ra ge ti m e pe r d ay p ar tic ip at in g in s po rt 7. N um be r o f d ay s w at ch in g TV /v id eo s/ D VD s 8. A ve ra ge ti m e pe r d ay w at ch in g TV /v id eo s/ D VD s in th e la st w ee k 9. N um be r o f d ay s sp en di ng ti m e on th e co m pu te r/ In te rn et 10 . A ve ra ge ti m e pe r d ay s pe nd in g tim e on th e co m pu te r/ In te rn et 11 . N um be r o f d ay s pl ay in g ou ts id e (e xc lu di ng ti m e sp en t a t s ch oo l) 12 . A ve ra ge ti m e pe r d ay p la yi ng o ut si de (e xc lu di ng ti m e sp en t a t s ch oo l) 34 Co un tr y Su rv ey n am e Su rv ey ye ar A ge ra ng e (y ea rs ) D at a co lle ct io n m et ho d Ph ys ic al a ct iv it y m ea su re m en t i te m s 12 –1 9 Po st al o r I nt er ne t qu es tio nn ai re A ct iv iti es a t w or k/ sc ho ol a nd in a nd a ro un d th e ho us e in th e la st 7 d ay s: 1. N um be r o f d ay s sp en t d oi ng li gh t/ m od er at e/ st re nu ou s ac tiv iti es a t w or k/ sc ho ol 2. A ve ra ge ti m e sp en t d oi ng li gh t/ m od er at e/ st re nu ou s ac tiv iti es a t w or k/ sc ho ol 3. N um be r o f d ay s sp en t d oi ng li gh t/ m od er at e/ st re nu ou s ac tiv iti es in a nd a ro un d th e ho us e 4. A ve ra ge ti m e sp en t d oi ng li gh t/ m od er at e/ st re nu ou s ac tiv iti es in a nd a ro un d th e ho us e Le is ur e tim e in th e la st 7 d ay s: 5. N um be r o f d ay s cy cl in g/ w al ki ng 6. A ve ra ge ti m e sp en t c yc lin g/ w al ki ng 7. Pa ce o f c yc lin g/ w al ki ng 8. N um be r o f d ay s sp en t g ar de ni ng o r p er fo rm in g ho us eh ol d jo bs 9. A ve ra ge ti m e sp en t g ar de ni ng o r p er fo rm in g ho us eh ol d jo bs 10 . Pa ce o f g ar de ni ng o r p er fo rm in g ho us eh ol d jo bs 11 . N um be r o f d ay s w at ch in g TV /s pe nd in g tim e at th e co m pu te r/ re ad in g a bo ok /s itt in g 12 . A ve ra ge ti m e sp en t w at ch in g TV /s pe nd in g tim e at th e co m pu te r/ re ad in g a bo ok /s itt in g O th er : 13 . G en er al p ar tic ip at io n in s po rt s (s pe ci fy ty pe ) 14 . N um be r o f d ay s pa rt ic ip at in g in s pe ci fic s po rt s ac tiv iti es 15 . A ve ra ge ti m e sp en t d oi ng s pe ci fic s po rt s ac tiv ity 16 . Pa ce o f s po rt s ac tiv ity 17 . N um be r o f d ay s sp en t c yc lin g/ w al ki ng /c le an in g/ do in g sp or ts fo r a t l ea st 1 h ou r i n th e la st w ee k Yo ut h M on ito r St at Li ne (1 18 ) 20 00 –2 00 7 0– 25 Te le ph on e or In te rn et qu es tio nn ai re 1. Re ac hi ng re co m m en de d le ve ls o f p hy si ca l a ct iv ity Po la nd H ea lth Po pu la tio n St at us in Po la nd (1 19 ,1 20 ) 19 96 20 04 0– 14 15 + In te rv ie w er - ad m in is te re d qu es tio nn ai re 1. Le is ur e tim e (c hi ld re n an d ad ul ts ) 2. Ph ys ic al a ct iv ity (s ch oo lc hi ld re n) 35 Co un tr y Su rv ey n am e Su rv ey ye ar A ge ra ng e (y ea rs ) D at a co lle ct io n m et ho d Ph ys ic al a ct iv it y m ea su re m en t i te m s Po rt ug al N at io na l H ea lth In te rv ie w Su rv ey (1 21 ) 19 87 19 95 –1 99 6 19 98 –1 99 9 20 03 20 05 15 + Fa ce -t o- fa ce in te rv ie w 20 05 Se ve n ite m s f ro m IP AQ sh or t: 1. D ay s on w hi ch V PA fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e w as re po rt ed in th e la st 7 d ay s 2. D ur at io n of V PA o n da ys w he n VP A fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e w as re po rt ed (a ve ra ge in m in ut es ) 3. D ay s on w hi ch M PA fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e w as re po rt ed in th e la st 7 d ay s 4. D ur at io n of M PA o n da ys w he n M PA fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e w as re po rt ed (a ve ra ge in m in ut es ) 5. Fr eq ue nc y of w al ki ng fo r a t l ea st 1 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e (in th e la st 7 d ay s) 6. D ur at io n of w al ki ng o n da ys w he n at le as t 1 0 m in ut es o f w al ki ng w as re po rt ed (a ve ra ge in m in ut es ) 7. Ti m e sp en t s itt in g on a n av er ag e w ee kd ay (i n th e la st 7 d ay s) Ad di tio na lly : 8. To ta l t im e sp en t o n VP A in th e la st 7 d ay s 9. To ta l t im e sp en t o n M PA in th e la st 7 d ay s 10 . To ta l t im e sp en t w al ki ng in th e la st 7 d ay s 11 . Ti m e sp en t s itt in g la st W ed ne sd ay N o in fo rm at io n id en tifi ed fo r t he o th er s ur ve y ye ar s Ro m an ia N o na tio na l su rv ey w as id en tifi ed Sl ov ak ia N o na tio na l su rv ey w as id en tifi ed 36 Co un tr y Su rv ey n am e Su rv ey ye ar A ge ra ng e (y ea rs ) D at a co lle ct io n m et ho d Ph ys ic al a ct iv it y m ea su re m en t i te m s Sl ov en ia Sl ov en ia n Pu bl ic O pi ni on (1 22 ) 20 10 18 + Fa ce -t o- fa ce in te rv ie w 1. Pa rt ic ip at io n in s po rt a nd s po rt s ac tiv iti es in le is ur e tim e (n ot p ar tic ip at in g in s po rt /1 to s ev er al tim es a y ea r/ 1– 3 tim es a m on th /o nc e a w ee k/ 2– 3 tim es a w ee k/ 4– 6 tim es a w ee k/ ev er y da y) 2. Ti m e sp en t o n sp or t a nd s po rt s ac tiv iti es in le is ur e tim e du rin g th e w ee k (1 –2 h ou rs a w ee k/ 3– 5 ho ur s a w ee k/ > 5 ho ur s a w ee k) 3. M od es o f s po rt a ct iv iti es (o rg an iz ed c om pe tit iv e/ or ga ni ze d re cr ea tio na l ( re gu la r/ irr eg ul ar )/ no t or ga ni ze d re cr ea tio na l ( re gu la r/ irr eg ul ar )) 4. Ty pe s of s po rt s ac tiv ity (t yp e of a ct iv ity /p ar tic ip at io n in s pe ci fic s po rt s ac tiv ity in la st 1 2 m on th s/ or ga ni ze d or n ot o rg an iz ed p ar tic ip at io n) Sp ai n N at io na l H ea lth S ur ve y (1 23 ) 19 87 19 93 19 95 19 97 20 01 20 03 20 06 16 + Fa ce -t o- fa ce in te rv ie w 20 06 1. D es cr ip tio n of m ai n ac tiv iti es a t w or kp la ce , e du ca tio n ce nt re , h om e (s ea te d m os t o f t he d ay / st an di ng u p w ith ou t m ov in g ar ou nd a lo t/ w al ki ng o r c ar ry in g ar ou nd a b it/ m ov in g ar ou nd fre qu en tly /d oi ng ta sk s re qu iri ng a g re at d ea l o f p hy si ca l e ffo rt ) 2. A ny p ar tic ip at io n in p hy si ca l a ct iv ity d ur in g fre e tim e 3. Pa rt ic ip at io n in re gu la r p hy si ca l a ct iv ity li ke w al ki ng , d oi ng s po rt s, go in g to th e gy m d ur in g fre e tim e 4. Ti m es in th e la st tw o w ee ks o ne h as d on e lig ht p hy si ca l a ct iv iti es fo r o ve r 2 0 m in ut es 5. Ti m es in th e la st tw o w ee ks o ne h as d on e m od er at e ph ys ic al a ct iv iti es fo r o ve r 2 0 m in ut es 6. Ti m es in th e la st tw o w ee ks o ne h as d on e in te ns e ph ys ic al a ct iv iti es fo r o ve r 2 0 m in ut es N o in fo rm at io n id en tifi ed fo r t he o th er s ur ve y ye ar s 0– 15 Re po rt ed b y pa re nt s 1. Fr eq ue nc y of p er fo rm in g an y ki nd o f p hy si ca l a ct iv ity in fr ee ti m e (a lm os t c om pl et el y se de nt ar y/ so m e ki nd o f p hy si ca l a ct iv ity o r s po rt /p hy si ca l a ct iv ity s ev er al ti m es a w ee k/ sp or ts o r t ra in in g se ve ra l t im es a w ee k) 2. W at ch in g TV e ve ry d ay o r a lm os t e ve ry d ay 3. Ti m e sp en t p er d ay w at ch in g TV o n w ee ke nd s/ du rin g w ee kd ay s 4. Pl ay in g vi de og am es o r u si ng th e co m pu te r/ In te rn et e ve ry d ay o r a lm os t e ve ry d ay 5. Ti m e sp en t p er d ay p la yi ng w ith v id eo ga m es o r u si ng th e co m pu te r/ In te rn et 37 Co un tr y Su rv ey n am e Su rv ey ye ar A ge ra ng e (y ea rs ) D at a co lle ct io n m et ho d Ph ys ic al a ct iv it y m ea su re m en t i te m s Sp or ts h ab its (1 24 ) 20 05 15 –7 4 Fa ce -t o- fa ce in te rv ie w 1. G en er al p ar tic ip at io n in s po rt s (s pe ci fy ty pe ) 2. N um be r o f d ay s pa rt ic ip at in g in s pe ci fic s po rt s ac tiv iti es 3. A ve ra ge ti m e sp en t d oi ng s pe ci fic s po rt s ac tiv ity 4. Pa ce o f s po rt s ac tiv ity 5. A ny p ar tic ip at io n in o ut do or p hy si ca l a ct iv ity o r s po rt 6. Ti m e sp en t o n w al ki ng o r fi tn es s 7. A ve ra ge ti m e sp en t d oi ng p hy si ca l a ct iv iti es a t w or k Sw ed en Sw ed is h su rv ey o f l iv in g co nd iti on s (1 25 –1 29 ) Ye ar ly s in ce 19 75 15 –7 5 In te rv ie w er - ad m in is te re d qu es tio nn ai re 1. Fr eq ue nc y of p ra ct is in g an y sp or ts o r o ut do or o r e xe rc is e ac tiv iti es (s ev er al ti m es a w ee k/ on ce a w ee k/ 1– 3 tim es a m on th /le ss o ft en /n ev er ) N at io na l Su rv ey o f Pu bl ic H ea lth (H ea lth o n Eq ua l T er m s) (1 30 ) Ye ar ly s in ce 20 04 16 –8 4 Po st al q ue st io nn ai re 1. In te ns ity o f p hy si ca l a ct iv ity d ur in g fre e tim e ( s ed en ta ry /m od er at e ex er ci se /m od er at e re gu la r ex er ci se /r eg ul ar e xe rc is e an d tr ai ni ng ) 2. H ou rs a w ee k of m od er at e st re nu ou s ac tiv iti es (> 5 ho ur s/ 3– 5 ho ur s/ 1– 3 ho ur s/ < 1 ho ur /n on e) Ph ys ic al ac tiv ity a nd in ac tiv ity in a n ad ul t po pu la tio n as se ss ed b y ac ce le ro m et er (1 31 ) 20 07 18 –6 9 A cc el er om et er 38 Co un tr y Su rv ey n am e Su rv ey ye ar A ge ra ng e (y ea rs ) D at a co lle ct io n m et ho d Ph ys ic al a ct iv it y m ea su re m en t i te m s U ni te d Ki ng do m , En gl an d H ea lth S ur ve y fo r E ng la nd (1 32 ) Ye ar ly s in ce 19 95 2– 15 In te rv ie w er - ad m in is te re d qu es tio nn ai re Re po rt ed b y ca re gi ve r f or 2 –1 2- ye ar -o ld s: 1. Fr eq ue nc y of w al ki ng c on tin uo us ly fo r a t l ea st 5 m in ut es in th e la st w ee k 2. M in ut es s pe nt w al ki ng e ac h tim e on e w al ke d fo r a t l ea st 5 m in ut es 3. D es cr ip tio n of w al ki ng p ac e 4. D ay s in th e la st w ee k on e pa rt ic ip at ed in g ar de ni ng o r h ou se w or k th at in vo lv ed p ul lin g an d pu sh in g (li ke v ac uu m c le an in g, m ow in g gr as s, sw ee pi ng le av es ) f or a t l ea st 1 5 m in ut es a t a ti m e (c hi ld re n ov er 8 y ea rs ) 5. M in ut es s pe nt o n ga rd en in g or h ou se w or k ea ch ti m e on e is in vo lv ed in a n ac tiv ity o f t hi s ki nd fo r a t l ea st 1 5 m in ut es (c hi ld re n ov er 8 y ea rs ) 6. Pa rt ic ip at io n in s po rt s or e xe rc is e ac tiv iti es a pa rt fr om a ct iv iti es th at a re p ar t o f s ch oo l l es so ns 7. Fr eq ue nc y of s po rt s ac tiv iti es o n w ee kd ay s/ w ee ke nd d ay s in th e la st w ee k (in cl ud in g ac tiv iti es a t a pl ay gr ou p/ nu rs er y, e xc lu di ng s ch oo l a ct iv iti es ) 8. A ve ra ge m in ut es s pe nt o n sp or t a ct iv iti es o n w ee kd ay s/ w ee ke nd d ay s in th e la st w ee k (in cl ud in g ac tiv iti es a t a p la yg ro up /n ur se ry , e xc lu di ng s ch oo l a ct iv iti es ) 9. Fr eq ue nc y of s pe ci fic a ct iv iti es o n w ee kd ay s/ w ee ke nd d ay s in th e la st w ee k 10 . A ve ra ge m in ut es s pe nt o n sp ec ifi c ac tiv iti es o n w ee kd ay s/ w ee ke nd d ay s in th e la st w ee k 11 . To ta l d ay s on w hi ch o ne u nd er to ok a ny o f t he a bo ve -m en tio ne d ac tiv iti es 12 . M in ut es s pe nt s itt in g do w n do in g sp ec ifi c th in gs o n w ee kd ay s/ w ee ke nd d ay s Ye ar ly s in ce 19 91 16 + In te rv ie w er - ad m in is te re d qu es tio nn ai re 1. Le ve l o f a ct iv ity a t w or k (v er y ac tiv e/ fa irl y ac tiv e/ no t v er y ac tiv e/ no t a t a ll ac tiv e) 2. D ay s in th e la st 4 w ee ks o n w hi ch o ne p ar tic ip at ed in h ea vy h ou se w or k fo r a t l ea st 3 0 m in ut es at a ti m e 3. M in ut es s pe nt o n he av y ho us ew or k ea ch ti m e on e is in vo lv ed in a n ac tiv ity o f t hi s ki nd fo r a t le as t 3 0 m in ut es 4. D ay s in th e la st 4 w ee ks o n w hi ch o ne p ar tic ip at ed in h ea vy g ar de ni ng , d o- it- yo ur se lf ac tiv iti es or b ui ld in g fo r a t l ea st 3 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e 5. M in ut es s pe nt o n he av y ga rd en in g, d o- it- yo ur se lf ac tiv iti es o r b ui ld in g ea ch ti m e on e is in vo lv ed in a n ac tiv ity o f t hi s ki nd fo r a t l ea st 3 0 m in ut es 6. Fr eq ue nc y of w al ki ng c on tin uo us ly fo r a t l ea st 5 m in ut es in th e la st 4 w ee ks 7. D ay s on w hi ch o ne w al ke d fo r a t l ea st 3 0 m in ut es in th e la st 4 w ee ks 8. D ay s on w hi ch o ne w al ke d fo r a t l ea st 1 5 m in ut es in th e la st 4 w ee ks 9. M in ut es s pe nt w al ki ng e ac h tim e on e w al ke d fo r a t l ea st 1 5 m in ut es 10 . D es cr ip tio n of w al ki ng p ac e 11 . Pa rt ic ip at io n in s pe ci fic a ct iv iti es in th e la st 4 w ee ks 12 . Fr eq ue nc y of d oi ng s pe ci fic a ct iv ity fo r a t l ea st 1 5 m in ut es a t a ti m e (o n se pa ra te d ay s ov er th e la st 4 w ee ks ) 13 . Ti m e sp en t d oi ng s pe ci fic a ct iv ity o n ea ch d ay 39 Co un tr y Su rv ey n am e Su rv ey ye ar A ge ra ng e (y ea rs ) D at a co lle ct io n m et ho d Ph ys ic al a ct iv it y m ea su re m en t i te m s U ni te d Ki ng do m , En gl an d H ea lth S ur ve y fo r E ng la nd (1 32 ) Ye ar ly s in ce 19 95 2– 15 In te rv ie w er - ad m in is te re d qu es tio nn ai re Re po rt ed b y ca re gi ve r f or 2 –1 2- ye ar -o ld s: 1. Fr eq ue nc y of w al ki ng c on tin uo us ly fo r a t l ea st 5 m in ut es in th e la st w ee k 2. M in ut es s pe nt w al ki ng e ac h tim e on e w al ke d fo r a t l ea st 5 m in ut es 3. D es cr ip tio n of w al ki ng p ac e 4. D ay s in th e la st w ee k on e pa rt ic ip at ed in g ar de ni ng o r h ou se w or k th at in vo lv ed p ul lin g an d pu sh in g (li ke v ac uu m c le an in g, m ow in g gr as s, sw ee pi ng le av es ) f or a t l ea st 1 5 m in ut es a t a ti m e (c hi ld re n ov er 8 y ea rs ) 5. M in ut es s pe nt o n ga rd en in g or h ou se w or k ea ch ti m e on e is in vo lv ed in a n ac tiv ity o f t hi s ki nd fo r a t l ea st 1 5 m in ut es (c hi ld re n ov er 8 y ea rs ) 6. Pa rt ic ip at io n in s po rt s or e xe rc is e ac tiv iti es a pa rt fr om a ct iv iti es th at a re p ar t o f s ch oo l l es so ns 7. Fr eq ue nc y of s po rt s ac tiv iti es o n w ee kd ay s/ w ee ke nd d ay s in th e la st w ee k (in cl ud in g ac tiv iti es a t a pl ay gr ou p/ nu rs er y, e xc lu di ng s ch oo l a ct iv iti es ) 8. A ve ra ge m in ut es s pe nt o n sp or t a ct iv iti es o n w ee kd ay s/ w ee ke nd d ay s in th e la st w ee k (in cl ud in g ac tiv iti es a t a p la yg ro up /n ur se ry , e xc lu di ng s ch oo l a ct iv iti es ) 9. Fr eq ue nc y of s pe ci fic a ct iv iti es o n w ee kd ay s/ w ee ke nd d ay s in th e la st w ee k 10 . A ve ra ge m in ut es s pe nt o n sp ec ifi c ac tiv iti es o n w ee kd ay s/ w ee ke nd d ay s in th e la st w ee k 11 . To ta l d ay s on w hi ch o ne u nd er to ok a ny o f t he a bo ve -m en tio ne d ac tiv iti es 12 . M in ut es s pe nt s itt in g do w n do in g sp ec ifi c th in gs o n w ee kd ay s/ w ee ke nd d ay s Ye ar ly s in ce 19 91 16 + In te rv ie w er - ad m in is te re d qu es tio nn ai re 1. Le ve l o f a ct iv ity a t w or k (v er y ac tiv e/ fa irl y ac tiv e/ no t v er y ac tiv e/ no t a t a ll ac tiv e) 2. D ay s in th e la st 4 w ee ks o n w hi ch o ne p ar tic ip at ed in h ea vy h ou se w or k fo r a t l ea st 3 0 m in ut es at a ti m e 3. M in ut es s pe nt o n he av y ho us ew or k ea ch ti m e on e is in vo lv ed in a n ac tiv ity o f t hi s ki nd fo r a t le as t 3 0 m in ut es 4. D ay s in th e la st 4 w ee ks o n w hi ch o ne p ar tic ip at ed in h ea vy g ar de ni ng , d o- it- yo ur se lf ac tiv iti es or b ui ld in g fo r a t l ea st 3 0 m in ut es a t a ti m e 5. M in ut es s pe nt o n he av y ga rd en in g, d o- it- yo ur se lf ac tiv iti es o r b ui ld in g ea ch ti m e on e is in vo lv ed in a n ac tiv ity o f t hi s ki nd fo r a t l ea st 3 0 m in ut es 6. Fr eq ue nc y of w al ki ng c on tin uo us ly fo r a t l ea st 5 m in ut es in th e la st 4 w ee ks 7. D ay s on w hi ch o ne w al ke d fo r a t l ea st 3 0 m in ut es in th e la st 4 w ee ks 8. D ay s on w hi ch o ne w al ke d fo r a t l ea st 1 5 m in ut es in th e la st 4 w ee ks 9. M in ut es s pe nt w al ki ng e ac h tim e on e w al ke d fo r a t l ea st 1 5 m in ut es 10 . D es cr ip tio n of w al ki ng p ac e 11 . Pa rt ic ip at io n in s pe ci fic a ct iv iti es in th e la st 4 w ee ks 12 . Fr eq ue nc y of d oi ng s pe ci fic a ct iv ity fo r a t l ea st 1 5 m in ut es a t a ti m e (o n se pa ra te d ay s ov er th e la st 4 w ee ks ) 13 . Ti m e sp en t d oi ng s pe ci fic a ct iv ity o n ea ch d ay Co un tr y Su rv ey n am e Su rv ey ye ar A ge ra ng e (y ea rs ) D at a co lle ct io n m et ho d Ph ys ic al a ct iv it y m ea su re m en t i te m s U ni te d Ki ng do m , Sc ot la nd Sc ot tis h H ea lth Su rv ey (1 33 ) 19 98 20 03 20 08 20 09 2– 15 Re po rt ed b y ca re gi ve r fo r 2 –1 2- ye ar -o ld s Ba se d on H ea lth S ur ve y fo r E ng la nd c hi ld re n’ s ph ys ic al a ct iv ity m od ul e (1 32 ) 19 98 20 03 20 08 20 09 16 + In te rv ie w er - ad m in is te re d qu es tio nn ai re Ba se d on H ea lth S ur ve y fo r E ng la nd a du lts ’ p hy si ca l a ct iv ity m od ul e (1 32 ) U ni te d Ki ng do m , W al es W el sh H ea lth Su rv ey (1 34 ) 20 07 20 08 20 09 4– 12 Re po rt ed b y pa re nt s 1. To ta l t im e sp en t e xe rc is in g/ do in g ph ys ic al a ct iv iti es o n ea ch d ay in th e la st w ee k (n on e/ ab ou t ha lf an h ou r/ ab ou t a n ho ur /m or e th an a n ho ur ) 20 07 20 08 20 09 13 –1 5 Se lf- ad m in is te re d qu es tio nn ai re 1. To ta l t im e sp en t e xe rc is in g/ do in g ph ys ic al a ct iv iti es o n ea ch d ay in th e la st w ee k (n on e/ ab ou t ha lf an h ou r/ ab ou t a n ho ur /m or e th an a n ho ur ) 20 03 –2 00 4 20 04 –2 00 5 20 05 –2 00 6 20 07 20 08 20 09 16 + Se lf- ad m in is te re d qu es tio nn ai re 1. D ay s on w hi ch li gh t e xe rc is e or p hy si ca l a ct iv ity d on e fo r a t l ea st 3 0 m in ut es d ur in g th e la st 7 da ys (e .g . h ou se ho ld c ho re s, w al ki ng a t a n av er ag e pa ce , l ig ht g ar de ni ng ) 2. D ay s on w hi ch m od er at e ex er ci se o r p hy si ca l a ct iv ity d on e fo r a t l ea st 3 0 m in ut es d ur in g th e la st 7 da ys (e .g . h ea vy h ou se ho ld c ho re s, fa st w al ki ng , d an ci ng ) 3. D ay s on w hi ch v ig or ou s ex er ci se o r p hy si ca l a ct iv ity d on e fo r a t l ea st 3 0 m in ut es d ur in g th e la st 7 da ys (e .g . r un ni ng , j og gi ng , s qu as h) 40 Data presentation Data availability In the EU, data on physical activity and exercise have been collected in different international surveys since 1992, including HBSC, the European Health and Behaviour Survey, EUPASS, the World Health Survey, the SHARE project and different Eurobarometer surveys. In parallel to this, EHIS has begun collecting data on physical activity. The overview presented in Tables 1 and 2 shows that physical activity data in adults are available for all 27 EU Member States. For Cyprus, Romania and Slovakia, however, no information could be found on national surveys targeting adults. Thus for these three countries, physical activity data were available only through international surveys. As for children, a national survey was identified for the following EU countries: Bulgaria, Cyprus, Denmark, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Poland, Spain and the United Kingdom (England, Scotland and Wales), while 26 countries participated in the HBSC survey on young people. Measurement methods used Surveillance of physical activity can be done either through objective measurements (pedometer, accelerometer) or subjective assessments through self-administered questionnaires or questionnaires that can be administered either by personal or by telephone interview. Almost all international and national surveys identified in this review used subjective assessments. Of the 25 EU countries for which information about a national survey has been obtained, 7 countries (Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Ireland, Malta and Portugal) included the 7 items from IPAQ short (assessing frequency and duration of vigorous and moderate physical activity, walking, and frequency of sitting); for international surveys (mostly Eurobarometer surveys), this was the case in all 27 EU countries. As opposed to other world regions, the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) is not applied by most EU countries; according to currently available information, within the EU it was used only by France. 41 IPAQ and GPAQ The two most widely used standardized questionnaire instruments are the IPAQ (135), developed in 1997 as a result of various research projects and the GPAQ (136), developed in 2001 as part of the WHO STEPwise approach to chronic disease risk factor Surveillance (STEPS) programme (137). The two questionnaires are comparable in terms of reliability and validity. IPAQ exists in a short version, which is recommended for surveillance, and in a long version for research purposes. The most often used short version measures 7 items on the frequency (days per week), duration (minutes) and level of intensity (vigorous, moderate, walking) of physical activity during the last 7 days and also includes an item on frequency and duration of walking. IPAQ long comprises 27 items and covers 5 activity domains: work, transport, home, leisure and sitting. GPAQ comprises 16 items and assesses the frequency, duration and intensity of work- and leisure-time-related physical activity and frequency and duration of transport-related physical activity. Both questionnaires also assess time spent sitting on a typical day. GPAQ is recommended by WHO as a risk factor data collection tool for physical activity and sedentary behaviour within the concept of STEPS. The Action Plan for the Global Strategy for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases 2008–2013 (6), which was endorsed at the Sixty-first World Health Assembly in May 2008, also underlines the need to provide reliable and standardized data on key NCD risk factors and behavioural patterns, including physical activity, based on the STEPS programme. Currently, 58 countries worldwide have finalized data collection, including one EU Member State (France), and it is envisaged that it will be applied in about 50 more countries. Physical activity levels across the EU From this mapping exercise of physical activity sources and methods used, it has become clear that it is currently not possible to compare nationally generated physical activity data across countries, since each individual country used different measures and instruments. Data that allow comparison of physical activity levels across the EU have so far been produced only by international surveys using a standardized way of collecting data. 42 Thus, the data presented below build only on outcomes of the following three European surveys: • Eurobarometer 58.2 on Physical Activities (2002) (23); • Eurobarometer 64.3 on Health and Food (2005) for adults (27); and • HBSC survey (2005/2006) for young people (16). Adults In the special Eurobarometer 58.2 on Physical Activities (2002), patterns of physical activity were measured with the IPAQ short questionnaire through personal interviewing in 15 EU countries (23). Sjöström et al. re-analysed the data, defining “sufficient physical activity” as energy expenditure equivalent to 5 times 30 minutes of moderate-intensity activity or 3 times 20 minutes of vigorous activity over 7 days (138). The results of this study showed that two thirds of the study population did not reach recommended levels of physical activity (Fig. 1). Fig. 1. Proportion of adults (aged ≥15 years) in 15 EU countries classified as sufficiently active, 2002 0 10 20 30 40 50 Ave rag e Sw ede n Fra nce Bel giu m Spa inItal y Au stri a Un ited Kin gdo m Irel and Fin lan d Por tug al De nm ark Lux em bou rg Gre ece Ge rm any Ne the rlan ds Pe rc en ta ge o f a du lts Source: Sjöström et al. (138). 43 Thus, the data presented below build only on outcomes of the following three European surveys: • Eurobarometer 58.2 on Physical Activities (2002) (23); • Eurobarometer 64.3 on Health and Food (2005) for adults (27); and • HBSC survey (2005/2006) for young people (16). Adults In the special Eurobarometer 58.2 on Physical Activities (2002), patterns of physical activity were measured with the IPAQ short questionnaire through personal interviewing in 15 EU countries (23). Sjöström et al. re-analysed the data, defining “sufficient physical activity” as energy expenditure equivalent to 5 times 30 minutes of moderate-intensity activity or 3 times 20 minutes of vigorous activity over 7 days (138). The results of this study showed that two thirds of the study population did not reach recommended levels of physical activity (Fig. 1). Fig. 1. Proportion of adults (aged ≥15 years) in 15 EU countries classified as sufficiently active, 2002 Source: Sjöström et al. (138). In the special Eurobarometer 64.3 on Health and Food (2005), the IPAQ short questionnaire was used to map the levels of physical activity addressing all 27 EU countries (27). The survey showed that, across the EU countries, an average of 41% of adults aged 15 and above did not engage in any moderate physical activity in a typical week. This prevalence ranged from 78% in Malta to 13% in the Netherlands (Fig. 2). Fig. 2. Proportion of adults (aged ≥15 years) in EU countries not engaging in any moderate-intensity physical activity in the previous week 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Ma lta Spa in Irel andItal y Fra nce Un ited Kin gdo m Sw ede n Cyp rus Por tug al Lux em bou rg Ave rag e Bel giu m Rom ani a Hu nga ry Fin lan d Bul gar ia Pol and Lith uan ia Lat via Cze ch Rep ubl ic Gre ece Den ma rk Ger ma ny Est oni a Aus tria Slo ven ia Slo vak ia Net her lan ds Pe rc en ta ge o f a du lts Source: Eurobarometer (27). Abu-Omar & Rütten (unpublished data, 2009) re-analysed the results of Eurobarometer 58.2 and Eurobarometer 64.3 using mean total MET (metabolic equivalent)-minutes as a measure (135). The results show an average of 6211 MET-minutes per week for the 27 EU countries included in the Eurobarometer 2005 survey, with a large intercountry variation from 1635 MET-minutes per week in Malta to 9863 MET-minutes per week in the territory of the former German Democratic Republic. When comparing the MET-minutes per week for the 15 EU countries that were included in both the 2002 and 2005 Eurobarometer surveys, substantial differences were found (Fig. 3). In view of the short time between the two surveys, it is unlikely that these differences reflect real changes in population behaviour and they need to be further analysed. 44 Fig. 3. Mean total MET-minutes per week for 15 EU countries: comparison between Eurobarometer 2002 and Eurobarometer 2005 M ET -m in ut es / w ee k EB 2002 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 Net her lan ds Ger ma ny (ea st) Ger ma ny (we st) Lux em bou rg Gre ece Den ma rk Fin lan d Por tug al Irel and Bel giu m Spa in Un ited Kin gdo mItal y Aus tria Fra nce No rth ern Ire lan d Sw ede n EB 2005 Source: Eurobarometer (23,27) as re-analysed by Abu-Omar & Rütten (unpublished data, 2009). Young people For young people, the most recent HBSC survey (2005/2006) is used to give an indication of physical activity levels (16). This international survey uses a written questionnaire to monitor the percentage of children engaging in at least 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity daily and includes 35 European countries, of which 25 are EU countries. Fig. 4 shows the percentage of 11-year-old boys and girls per EU country reporting at least one hour of moderate to vigorous activity daily. There are large intercountry differences in reported levels, the prevalence ranging from 43% in Slovakia to 12% in France and Portugal for girls and from 51% in Slovakia and Ireland to 18% in Luxembourg for boys. The survey also assessed the physical activity levels of 13- and 15-year-old girls and boys. In almost all countries, boys and younger children reported themselves to be more active than girls and older children. An indication of a positive development in physical activity levels can be observed when results of the latest HBSC survey (2005/2006) are compared with the 2001/2002 survey. 45 Fig. 4. Proportion of 11-year-olds in EU countries reporting at least one hour of moderate to vigorous activity daily Pe rc en ta g e of 1 1- ye ar o ld s Boys Girls 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Slo va kia Ire lan d Fin lan d Un ite d K ing do m: Sc ot lan d Bu lga ria De nm ark Sp ain Un ite d K ing do m: W ale s Be lgi um (F ren ch ) La tvi a Au str ia Av era ge Ne th erl an ds Lit hu an ia Hu ng ary Slo ve nia Ma lta Un ite d K ing do m: En gla nd Ge rm an y Es to nia Ro ma nia Cz ec h R ep ub lic Sw ed en Po lan d Po rtu ga l Gr ee ceIta ly Fra nc e Be lgi um (F lem ish ) Lu xe mb ou rg Source: Currie et al. (16). Discussion and challenges The overall picture on monitoring and surveillance of physical activity in EU countries is patchy. Different physical activity assessment instruments, including different measurement items, were used. Where national surveys are in place, different instruments and measurement items of physical activity and/or inactivity were used. Furthermore, not all the instruments/countries measure physical activity in the same domain(s), such as work, transport and leisure time. The situation since previous reviews, such as those undertaken for the The world health report 2002 (4) or by the EUROHIS (139) and EUPASS projects (11), has not changed much: also, this overview revealed that the measurement items used in the national sources/surveys were very diverse and often non-standardized instruments where used, leading to a lack of intercountry comparability. Similar challenges were also identified in the EUPASS project (1999/2000). This project was designed to contribute to a European health monitoring system and its methodological foundations. One of the project’s main purposes was to develop an inventory of national 46 physical activity surveillance systems to contribute to the establishment of a list of core indicators and optional indicators for health-enhancing physical activity and its determinants. Despite the variety of measured items used by Member States to assess the physical activity levels and patterns in their population, the items had in common that they could be grouped into four key dimensions that are considered to be fundamental for physical activity measurement: type, frequency, duration and intensity. However, none of the national surveys identified in the EUPASS project covered all four dimensions. Moreover, the national surveys used various definitions of recommendations for physical activity, which was directly related to the use of different measurement items to measure physical activity patterns. Furthermore, the national surveys used different reference periods for the report on the frequency of physical activity (e.g. last 7 days, usual week, last 14 days, last month) and several types of measurement scale were applied in these surveys (nominal, ordinal, interval scales). Global recommendations on physical activity for health WHO released in 2010 the Global recommendations on physical activity for health (140) for different age groups, with the overall aim of providing national- and regional-level policy- makers with guidance on the dose–response relationship between the frequency, duration, intensity, type and total amount of physical activity needed for the prevention of NCD. Age group: 5–17 years For children and young people, physical activity includes play, games, sports, transportation, chores, recreation, physical education and planned exercise, in the context of family, school and community activities. To improve cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness, bone health, and cardiovascular and metabolic health biomarkers, young people aged 5–17 years should take the following measures. • At least 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity should be accumulated daily. • Amounts of physical activity greater than 60 minutes provide additional health benefits. • Most of the daily physical activity should be aerobic. Vigorous-intensity activities should be incorporated, including those that strengthen muscle and bone, at least 3 times per week. Age group: 18–64 years In adults aged 18–64, physical activity includes leisure time physical activity, transportation (e.g. walking or cycling), occupational (i.e. work), household chores, play, games, sports or planned exercise, in the context of daily, family, and community activities. 47 To improve cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness and bone health and reduce the risk of NCD and depression, adults (18–64 years) should take the following measures. • At least 150 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity or at least 75 minutes of vigorous aerobic physical activity should be undertaken throughout the week or an equivalent combination of moderate- and vigorous-intensity activity. • Aerobic activity should be performed in bouts of at least 10 minutes’ duration. • For additional health benefits, adults should increase their moderate-intensity aerobic physical activity to 300 minutes per week, or engage in 150 minutes of vigorous- intensity aerobic physical activity per week or an equivalent combination of moderate- and vigorous-intensity activity. • Muscle-strengthening activities should be done involving major muscle groups on 2 or more days a week. Age group: 65 years and above In older adults aged 65 years and above, physical activity includes leisure-time physical activity, transportation (e.g. walking or cycling), work (if the individual still works), household chores, play, games, sports or planned exercise, in the context of daily, family and community activities. To improve cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness and bone and functional health and reduce the risk of NCD, depression and cognitive decline, older adults should take the following measures. • At least 150 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity should be undertaken throughout the week or at least 75 minutes of vigorous aerobic physical activity throughout the week or an equivalent combination of moderate- and vigorous- intensity activity. • Aerobic activity should be performed in bouts of at least 10 minutes’ duration. • For additional health benefits, older adults should increase their moderate-intensity aerobic physical activity to 300 minutes per week or engage in 150 minutes of vigorous aerobic physical activity per week or an equivalent combination of moderate- and vigorous-intensity activity. • Older adults with poor mobility should perform physical activity to enhance balance and prevent falls on 3 or more days per week. • Muscle-strengthening activities, involving the major muscle groups, should be done on 2 or more days a week. • When older adults cannot do the recommended amounts of physical activity owing to poor health, they should be as physically active as their abilities and condition allow. 48 The use of IPAQ in different surveys (EUPASS, Eurobarometer 58.2 and Eurobarometer 64.3) has been reviewed by several institutes, showing that the use of a standardized instrument does not always lead to comparable results. There are a number of possible explanations: • Modifications in the wording of IPAQ questions While the EUPASS project and Eurobarometer 58.2 have applied the IPAQ short as intended, some modifications were made in the Eurobarometer 64.3 survey. In this latter survey, the two questions on frequency of MPA and VPA did not include the duration of at least ten minutes at a time. As a result, the prevalence of VPA and MPA might have been overestimated by Eurobarometer 64.3. The EHIS questionnaire that currently collects physical activity data in the EU Member States is also based on IPAQ. However, a slight difference in the formulation of the questions regarding duration of activity is observed: whereas the IPAQ question asks about the time spent during a “usual” day when the activity was performed, the EHIS questionnaire asks on time spent being physically active during the last 7 days. The change from duration of activity per day to a global measure per week will not allow one to assess the frequency of physical activity and will preclude comparison of results with previous surveys, which is one of the main advantages of repeated cross-sectional surveys. • Differences in interview administration and data cleaning While the EUPASS project and the Eurobarometer 64.3 survey produced fairly similar results with regard to missing data and extreme values, the Eurobarometer 58.2 data showed a distinctly different pattern. In this Eurobarometer, there were almost no extreme values for duration of vigorous, moderate and walking activities. Such extreme values might have been probed by interviewers in doing the survey, or might have been treated in the early phases of the data analysis. As a result, prevalence of physical activity might have been underestimated in the Eurobarometer 58.2 survey. • Differences in survey administration No systematic information on the administration of surveys (e.g. sampling, training of interviewers, data handling) is available. It is known from survey research that such factors might influence the results, and therefore comparability across the available European data might have been affected. Nevertheless, the currently available standardized instruments are based on more than 10 years of research, testing and application. While the instruments may have their limitations, it is unlikely that a different instrument would resolve the challenges of measuring such a complex type of behaviour as physical activity. In conclusion, the main challenges regarding physical activity surveillance in the EU countries are related to: 49 • the use of non-standardized instruments in national surveys, leading to a lack of comparability of physical activity/inactivity measurements across countries (they have, however, often been used over a longer period, meaning that time series are available); • the switch in national surveys to standardized instruments (IPAQ or GPAQ), leading to intercountry comparable results but resulting in loss of time series; • the use of different definitions of physical activity as well as recommendations for sufficient physical activity for health, leading to a lack of comparability of physical activity/inactivity measurements within and across countries; • a lack of consistent application of standardized instruments, leading to difficulties of comparability in time series of existing European surveys; • considerations regarding comparability with other world regions (IPAQ versus GPAQ); and • a lack of testing for reliability and validity. 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Global recommendations on physical activity for health. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2010 (http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2010/9789241599979_eng. pdf, accessed 17 September 2010). 59 ANNEX 1. Providers of country information for this review Austria Fritz Wagner, Ministry of Health, Vienna (National Information Focal Point for the project) Harald Treiber, Ministry of Sport, Vienna Cristian Halbwachs, Federal Sport Agency, Vienna Verena Zeuschner, Fonds Gesundes Österreich, Vienna Belgium Isabelle Laquiere, Federal Public Service of Health, Brussels (National Information Focal Point for the project) Ellen de Smet, Flemish Agency for Care and Health, Brussels Marie Thys, Ministry of the French Community, Brussels Bulgaria Stefka Petrova, National Centre of Public Health Protection, Sofia (National Information Focal Point for the project) Masha Gavrailova, Ministry of Health, Sofia Nicola Vassilevski, National Centre of Public Health Protection, Sofia Dora Ovcharova, National Centre of Public Health Protection, Sofia Mariana Yungareva, Ministry of Agriculture and Food, Sofia Anelia Tomova, Ministry of Education and Science, Sofia Boriana Pauncheva, State Agency of Youth and Sports, Sofia Bogdan Bogdanov, National Institute of Statistics, Sofia Ginka Tchavdarova, National Association of Municipalities, Sofia Yordanka Fanducova, Municipality of Sofia, Sofia Daniela Popova, Medical University, Sofia Maya Konstantinova, Medical University, Sofia Valentina Tzaneva, Medical University, Sofia Svetoslav Handjiev, Bulgarian Association for the Study of Obesity and Related Diseases, Sofia Bojidar Popov, Bulgarian Society of Nutrition and Dietetics, Sofia Enio Boiadjiev, National Federation, Sofia Cyprus Eliza Markidou, Ministry of Health, Nicosia (National Information Focal Point for the project) Eleni Andreou, Cyprus Dietetic Association, Nicosia Ioanna Paraskevopoulou, Sport and Activity Association, Nicosia Michalis Tornaritis, Healthy Children Association, Nicosia Czech Republic Eva Gottvaldova, Ministry of Health, Prague (National Information Focal Point for the project) Nada Holicka, Ministry of Education, Youth, and Sports, Prague Martin Klofanda, Federation of the Food and Drink Industries, Prague Radka Vesela, National Network of Healthy Cities, Prague 60 Denmark Gregers Hummelmose, Danish Veterinary and Food Administration, Søborg (National Information Focal Point for the project) Sisse Fagt, National Food Institute, Copenhagen Margit V Groth, National Food Institute, Copenhagen Lone B Rasmussen, National Food Institute, Copenhagen Tatjana Hejgaard, National Board of Health, Copenhagen Peter Aagaard, National Board of Health, Copenhagen Susanne Wolff, National Board of Health, Copenhagen Christian Hollemann Pedersen, National Institute of Public Health, Copenhagen Dorthe Alvang, Danish Ministry of Education, Copenhagen Mads Jensbo, Local Government Denmark, Copenhagen Lars Bendix Poulsen, Danish Forest and Nature Agency, Copenhagen Else Molander, Danish Veterinary and Food Administration, Søborg Dorthe Licht Cederberg, Danish Veterinary and Food Administration, Søborg Bente Stærk, Danish Veterinary and Food Administration, Søborg Nina Mourier, Danish Whole Grain Campaign, Copenhagen Rikke Iben Neess, Danish Whole Grain Campaign, Copenhagen Regitze Siggaard, Obesity Association, Copenhagen Estonia Anneli Sammel, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn (National Information Focal Point for the project) Sirje Pottisepp, Association of Estonian Food Industry, Tallinn Sirje Vaask, Estonian Health Insurance Fund, Tallinn Peeter Lusmägi, Estonian Olympic Committee, Tallinn Liis Kambek, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn Tiiu Härm, National Institute for Health, Tallinn Lagle Suurorg, Tallinn Children’s Hospital, Tallinn Kädi Lepp, Foundation for Health Care at Schools, Tallinn Meeli Matsalu, Ministry of Social Affairs, Tallinn Finland Marja-Leena Ovaskainen, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (National Information Focal Point for the project) Tomi Mäkinen, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki Tuija Tammelin, Foundation for Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä 61 France Landy Razanamahefa, Ministry of Health and Sports, Paris (National Information Focal Point for the project) Michel Chauliac, Ministry of Health and Sports, Paris Jean-Michel Oppert, Hôpital La Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris Christine Kerneur, Ministry of Education, Paris Dominique Baelde, Ministry of Economics and Finance, Paris Laure Souliac, Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, Paris Sylvain Mahé, Ministry of Research, Paris Corine Delamaire, National Institute of Prevention and Health Education, Paris Jean-Luc Volatier, French Food Safety Agency, Maisons Alfort Katia Castetbon, National Institute of Health Surveillance, Saint-Maurice Arnaud Basdevant, National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paris Serge Hercberg, Hôpital de Bobigny, Paris Chantal Simon, Centre hospitalier universitaire, Lyon Jean-François Toussaint, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale et d’Épidémiologie du Sport, Paris Ambroise Martin, Faculty of Medicine, Lyon, Dominique Turck, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, Lille Nicole Darmon, University Aix-Marseille I & II, Marseille Germany Ute Winkler, Federal Ministry of Health, Berlin (National Information Focal Point for the project) Greece Antonia Trichopoulou, School of Medicine, Athens (National Information Focal Point for the project) Vassiliki Benetou, School of Medicine, Athens Juseppina Kakalioura, Ministry of Health and Social Solidarity, Athens Eirini Efstathopoulou, Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Hungary Eva Martos, National Institute for Food and Nutrition Science, Budapest (National Information Focal Point for the project) Csilla Kaposvari, National Institute for Food and Nutrition Science, Budapest Zoltan Török, Ministry of Social and Labour Affairs, Budapest Balazs Lendvai, Ministry of Local Government, Budapest Gabor Bardozcy, Ministry of Local Government, Budapest Istvan Simonyi, Ministry of Education and Culture, Budapest Zsuzsanna Pocsay, Ministry of Environment and Water, Budapest Ireland Ursula O’Dwyer, Department of Health and Children, Dublin (National Information Focal Point for the project) Cecily Kelleher, National Nutrition Surveillance Centre, Dublin Michael Gibney, Irish Universities Nutrition Alliance, Dublin Saoirse Nic Gabhainn, National University of Ireland, Galway Italy Luigi Fontana, National Institute of Health, Rome (National Information Focal Point for the project) Lucia Guidarelli, Ministry of Health, Rome Paola Meli, National Institute of Health, Rome 62 Latvia Ilse Straume, Ministry of Health, Riga (National Information Focal Point for the project) Inga Smate, Ministry of Health, Riga Santa Livina, Ministry of Health, Riga Iveta Pudule, State Public Health Agency, Riga Linda Gulbe, Ministry of Education and Science, Riga Dace Santare, Food Centre and Veterinary Service, Riga Lithuania Almantas Kranauskas, Ministry of Health, Vilnius (National Information Focal Point for the project) Tatjana Zabolotnaja, Ministry of Health, Vilnius Roma Bartkeviciute, Health Education and Disease Prevention Centre, Vilnius Janina Petkevičiene, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Medical Academy, Vilnius Indre Chmieleauskaite, Ministry of Health, Vilnius Luxembourg Sven Majerus, Ministry of Health, Luxembourg City (National Information Focal Point for the project) Guy Weber, Ministry of Health, Luxembourg City Yolanda Wagener, Ministry of Health, Luxembourg City Hubert Eschette, Ministry of Sports, Luxembourg City Astrid Schom, Ministry of Education, Luxembourg City Laurence Weber, General Inspection of Social Security, Luxembourg City Germaine Thill, National Statistical Institute, Luxembourg City Christaine Zettinger, Medical School Service, Luxembourg City Sylvie Paquet, Diabetes House, Luxembourg City Alaa AlKerwi, Health Research Centre, Luxembourg City Sophie Couffignal, Health Research Centre, Luxembourg City Francois Kraus, Ministry of Agriculture, Luxembourg City Malta Lucienne Pace, Ministry of Health, Valletta (National Information Focal Point for the project) Neville Calleja, Health Information Research Directorate, G’Mangia Marianne Massa, Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Directorate, Valletta Charmaine Gauci, Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Directorate, Valletta Netherlands Therese Noorlander, Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport, The Hague (National Information Focal Point for the project) Rosanne Metaal, Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport, The Hague Poland Miroslaw Jarosz, National Food and Nutrition Institute, Warsaw (National Information Focal Point for the project) Portugal Pedro Graça, Ministry of Health, Lisbon (National Information Focal Point for the project) João Breda, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen 63 Romania Mihaela Armanu, Ministry of Health, Bucharest (National Information Focal Point for the project) Mariana Vlad, Institute of Public Health, Cluj-Napoca Ana Maria Farr, Centre of Public Health, Targu Mures Carmen Domnariu, Centre of Public Health, Sibiu Michaela Nanu, Institute for Mother and Child Care, Bucharest Camelia Parvan, Institute of Public Health, Bucharest Mihai Visan, Romalimenta, Bucharest Daniela Calugaru, Ministry of Education, Research and Innovation, Bucharest Florentina Furtunescu, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest Slovakia Maria Avdičová, Regional Office of Public Health, Banská Bystrica (National Information Focal Point for the project) Ladislav Brázdovič, Ministry of Agriculture, Bratislava Iveta Trusková, Public Health Authority, Bratislava Zora Gerová, Regional Office of Public Health, Bratislava Dagmar Erdelyiová, Regional Office of Public Health, Michalovce Katarína Furková, Department of Paediatrics SZU, Bratislava Ján Holko, Slovak Association Sport For All, Bratislava Monika Šišková, Slovak Gymnastic Federation, Bratislava Anna Baráková, National Health Information Centre, Bratislava Katarína Chudíková, Ministry of Transport, Bratislava Silvia Tokárová, Ministry of Education, Bratislava Slovenia Mojca Gabrijelcic-Blenkus, National Institute of Public Health, Ljubljana (National Information Focal Point for the project) Rado Pišot, University of Primorska, Koper Jana Trdič, National Institute of Public Health, Ljubljana Helena Jeriček Klanjšček, National Institute of Public Health, Ljubljana Zaletelj Kragelj Lijana, CINDI Slovenia, Ljubljana Gregor Starc, Faculty of Sport, Ljubljana Rok Poličnik, Ministry of Health, Ljubljana Alenka Pavlovec, Ministry of Education, Ljubljana Verena Koch, Faculty of Education, Ljubljana Andrea Backovič-Jurican, National Institute of Public Health, Ljubljana Spain Juan Manuel Ballesteros, Ministry of Health and Social Policy, Madrid (National Information Focal Point for the project) Maria Angeles Dal-Re, Ministry of Health and Social Policy, Madrid Napoleon Perez-Farinós, Ministry of Health and Social Policy, Madrid Carmen Villar, Ministry of Health and Social Policy, Madrid José Luis Terreros, Secretary of State for Sports, Madrid Nieves Palacios, Secretary of State for Sports, Madrid 64 Sweden Ann-Cristine Jonsson, Swedish National Institute of Public Health, Östersund Anna Jansson, Swedish National Institute of Public Health, Östersund Dan Svensson, Swedish National Institute of Public Health, Östersund Lena Björck, National Food Administration, Uppsala Annika Sohlstrom, National Food Administration, Uppsala Christer Neleryd, National Board of Health and Welfare, Stockholm Kerstin Norstrand, National Board of Health and Welfare, Stockholm Saman Rashid, Swedish Institute for Transport and Communications Analysis, Östersund Johan Tranquist, Swedish National Centre for Child Health Promotion, Örebro Peter Schantz, Swedish School of Sports and Health Sciences, Stockholm United Kingdom Sheela Reddy, Department of Health, London (National Information Focal Point for the project) Charles Perry, Department of Health, London Johnson Phillip, Department of Health, London Ranna Patel, Department of Health, London Zubeda Seedat, Department of Health, London 65 66 Joint WHO/EC DG SANCO project: Monitoring progress on improving nutrition and physical activity and preventing obesity in the European Union (EU), 2008-2010 Report series No. Title 1 Report of the 1st Meeting of National Information Focal Points, Brussels, Belgium, 23–24 September 2008 2 Report of the 2nd Meeting of National Information Focal Points, Copenhagen, Denmark, 23–24 June 2009 3 Report of the Meeting on community initiatives to improve nutrition and physical activity, Berlin, Germany, 21–22 February 2008 4 Report of the Workshop on integration of data on physical activity patterns, Zurich, Switzerland, 25–26 February 2009 5 Report of the Workshop on integration of data on household food availability and individual dietary intakes, Copenhagen, Denmark, 28–29 April 2009 6 Review of physical activity surveillance data sources in European Union Member States 7 Review of dietary intake surveillance data sources in European Union Member States 8 Review of obesity surveillance data sources in European Union Member States 9 Review of food and nutrition policy development and legislation in European Union Member States 10 Review of physical activity promotion policy development and legislation in European Union Member States 11 Overview of public-private partnerships aiming to prevent obesity in European Union Member States 12 Overview of implementation of statutory and self-regulatory codes in the area of marketing foods and beverages to children in European Union Member States For further information please contact: Noncommunicable Diseases and Health Promotion Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity: Trudy Wijnhoven Technical Officer, Nutrition Surveillance E-mail: twi@euro.who.int World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe Scherfigsvej 8, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark Tel.: +45 39 17 17 17. Fax: +45 39 17 18 18. E-mail: postmaster@euro.who.int Web site: www.euro.who.int