ESTABLISHMENT OF AN ASIAN MEDICAL COOPERATION ORGANIZATIOK
Medical cooperation enterprises sponsored by the Japanese government have now reached an annual expenditure of one billion yen. These projects are now operated under bilateral agreements, but because medicine knows no frontiers, joint action by the countries concerned is imperative in order to combat viruses, bacteria and other menaces to health. As a fundamental prerequisite to such action surveys must be taken to gather statistics on health and hygiene, using a common standard for all the countries concerned. We intend to cooperate with the regional WHO office and base our plans on their recommendations. The Asian Medical Cooperation Organization is to be supported by the governments of the member countries as well as private organizatlOns within those countries. Thus, if cooperation between two or more countries is attained, it will be well-balanced, and this cooperation can be expected to be adequately adopted to the peculiarities of the region involved. The greatest problem now facing medicine in Asia is that of solving the grave shortage of physicians, surgeons, nurses, attendants and other paramedical technicians. To solve this problem, it will be necessary for us to provide a medical training school, to be established by the Asian Medical Cooperation Organization and to be staffed by instructors from advanced countries in Europe and America. Such a step would, it is believed, solve the problem of medical licenses and then recognition because they would be issued by an institution of international reputation. -'*"'- .
.' Draft proposal received by the aegional Director from the Overseas Technical Cooperation Agency, Japan.
5.
THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE ASIA."J MEDICAL COOPERATION ORGAJ.\JIZAdON (AMCO)
In accordance with the methods of the Asian Productivity Organization (APO) , the establishment of AMCO shall be promoted as shown below, in order to stabihze civil welfare in Asia, to strengthen solidarity, to develop regwnal cooperation along with the active promotion of the medical cooperation campaign against dist:ases and for population projects in Asia:
1.
Participating Countries and Inauguration. AMCO shall be inaugurated with the participation or those countnes which support the objects of AMCO, and upon the conclusion of agreements
'~-
among them.
2.
Organization. Governments of participating countries MedIcal cooperation agenCIes of partiCipating countries (governmental and private)
Board of general ----- Board of directors ----- Board of deliberation (directors appointed by each government) Committees -------- Secretary general Secretariat Assigned expert countnes
a)
There shall be six (6) commIttees at the outset for administration, approval of seminars, regional prevention and elimlllJ.clOn of epiaemics , family plannings, surveys and statistlcal research, and the escaiJlisnment and operation of international medical school.
b)
The Board of Directors shall deteTmllle plans or proJects, revem.;e and expenditure in the budget and other unportant matters.
c)
The Overseas Techl1ical Cooperation Agency,
illi organ]za~;(,r, 0; ~h<.:: Oi
Government of Japan, and the Intern8Lonal Medical FounCiaLoil
Japan, a private organIzation, shall be the medical cooperatlOn agency
on the part of Japan, and the latter shall build and operate a nospcal, and shall maintain close contact with the InternatIonal Medlcal School. And a family planning training center shall be established. operation shall be taken care of by the IPPF. 3. Financial Resourses. a) Each participating country shall contribute ai'1
All its
annual share calculated
as a certain percentage of the natlOnal income::. b) Special donatlOn by the Government of Japan. The Government of Japan shall make a special donation every year. c) Requests shall be made for annual donation from countries and sources other than AID, the Ford Foundation and participating countries. d) Share for International MedIcal College. Requests shall be made to countries and sources other than the government of Japan, iUD, and the Ford Foundation for assistance In
its construction and operation fund. poss~ble,
The International ?mancial
CorporatlOn (IFC) shall, if 4.
taKe care of requests of donations.
Establishment of Asian Medlcal Cooperation Fund. The Asian Medlcal Cooperation Fund, as capital for comprehensive prOjected
•
construction of medical training facilities and other facilIties connected with medical matters in Asia for the future shall be established, and this fund shall be affiliated with AMCO.
NECESSITY FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A.\1CO
(1)
In Asia, comprehensive cooperation throughout the region is now becoming
difficult when still dependent only on the current system of bilateral agreements between countries. Particularly as the promotion of regional solidarity, tendancy toward rapid increase in population, shortage of food, and so forth are major issues today, the necessity for the establishment of AMCO is recognized to a greater extent.
(2)
Pathological bacteria infiltrates all frontiers.
For instance, the prevennon
of cholera necessitates joint regional cooperation. The virus for vaccme which has been discovered at the Thai Virus Center should be utilized jointly as a regional extermination policy measure. The planned implementation of this measure will demand the establishment of AMCO. The prevention and meci.lcal treatment of such diseases under tropical conditions as veneral diseases, malaria, filaria, TB, leprosy, infantile paralysis, parasites, skin diseases, etc. are similar.
(3)
Since its establishment of seven years ago, APO has made great contributions to
toward economic advancement, the campaign
promote productivity in Asian
countries being strengthened along with the cooperation of participating countnes. But medical cooperation in the region demands more concreteness and realism. Therefore, a direct policy for the establishment of the International Medical School and medical cooperation fund should be worked out. This makes us believe that it is urgent and inevitable for the Asian region to establish AMCO.
(4)
Delicate problems such as family planning are difficult for outside countries It
to understand because of such factors as religion, caste, etc. Therefore,
is
imperative that planning should be put into practice, Judging from the characteristics of those problems, by private organizations such as IPPF and the Family Planning Federation on the basis of voluntary decisions by the countnes concerned and acting on observations of the circumstances in other reglOns.
CONCEPTION OF AN INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL COLLEGE
1.
Purpose of Establishment. The purpose is to eliminate the serious shortage of physicians, surgeons, etc., to train personnel to be able to cooperate in matters of mutual medical interest and to realize an increase in cooperation by using medical licenses and degrees which will be recognized throughout the whole region.
2.
Standards for acceptance of students. Students who have completed the Bachelor of Ar::s course will be given an entrance examination, and when they pass it, they will be trained m the specialized course.
3.
Language of Lectures. All the lectures will be conducted in English.
, 4.
Faculty. The faculty will consist of authorities from the advanced countries.
5.
Treatment. The students will be treated on the same basis as those of other foreign students at Japanese government expense.
,
.
~:
/
(A brief prepared by SOGial uevelopment Division~ Department /"If Gconomic and Social Affairs, :.few Yerk, i'or representatives of the ";;conllmic Commissions i'er Ai'rica, "tsia and the Far Bast, Burepe and La"tin Amerioa, attending the 1967 sessi~n of the ',iRO He6ional C~mmittees)
Distributed to rtcpreEentatives attending the eighteenth sussion 6f the WHO RegioriaJ. Committee for the \iestern Pacii'ic at the request ot the Secretary of ECOOOC.
- 2 1.
The social and eCI'I.'1omic value of good health is an established fact.
What is not so clear is how ttl socially implement the scientific, medical advances which would make goed hAalth possible. 1'he deliberations in both
the Commission for Social Development's 18th session and the 42nd sessien of the Social Cl'lmmi ttee Health si~n 0.;:'
the "::;conomic and 01'1c1al C,\uncil, on the iorld
O~ganization
report on the social questions relating to the exten-
of health services reflect this o')ncern. The report by the \[0rld Heal th Or~aniza ti,.,n
2.
was significant not ('nly
because it represented the first of a series of annual reports to the Commissi0n by the specialized agencies on main issues in the extension of health, education, employment and nutrition, but because the findings, , conclusions· and recommendations. followin b the debate demonstrated that social diagnosis and the 'creation of a social framework for the practice ., of medicine is as important in terras r)f
.
delivery b.nd utilization of gODd
medicine, as are the scientific achievements of llledicine. The problems of social diabmosis apply to all countries, the developed and the developiUb. enonnouslJ complex. 'rhey can be stated simply, but their solutions are For exawple, in one highly dev~loped country (United
states), more children are beaten to death by the';'r parents than die of leukemia; it is known that in many parts of the world, malnutrition would largely disappear if tropical mothers would feed their children with foods readily available; medioal educators agree that there are many elements in a physician's job that can be ;)erformed by non-physicians; and the importance and influenc(3 of social and enVir0!lClental factors on disease and the available and innovative [;lethods of care, are well known. extension of certain infectious ~ld
ihe recrudescence and
communicable diseases, such as the
- 3· venereal d1.seases, trypan.)somiasis, pla5Ue and yellow fever, chclera, bilbarziasis and infe,;.tious hepatitis all reflect problems in social diagnosis and ,'" c.'ntr~L
Social diagnosis and cl'ntrol looms even larger diseases in society, es)ecially the nutriJilld, of course,
.
in the chronic and
C'e~enerat1.ye
tiona1 and deficiency diseases, and the mental disorders.
go'tc:. housin(;lvhi'1h is rat free and vermin free, potable water, clean air and planned cities are all sociai as,ects health serv"ces. relati~
to the extension of
4.
;\n
example of the need to inte6rate the medical armamentarium int. ~roblem
overall social and economic planning of countries is found in the of malaria era<iicati.1n in Africa.
It is well kl1.own that malaria exacts absent~ism.
a tremendous social ru1d economic t,oll in death, ill-health, and
Indeed, in l\fi;seria ab113 there ar'3 at least 50,()OO deaths per year in children under five years of age. !<evertheless, as many as sixteQlnfrican
ceuntries are not partici1)ating in any malaria eradication pro6I'amma at all. In order to .;ct such pro,;Ia.;.l1Iler "'tarted, it may be necessary as a
first step to abanrlon the secto:;:oa.l approach to health plannin,; and budgeting and instead attempt to integrate health plans into the overall economic and social development plans of countries.
5.
An analysis of the nineteen findings, conclusions and recommendations
made by the Ccmrnission for B0cial Deve10pment, reveal f<mr major categories of social diabnostic and social thera.)eutic concern: is concerned with basic assumptions of health planne~s
(1) J?lanning which as they determine
tar;ets an1 set priorities; (2) the relationship between socia-oultural factors and health; (3) the collection of socio-cultrual data bearing on health, illness and the utilization of services; and (4) the relationships betlveen health services and other social services.
~.
4 --
(1)
Pliillning.
The conce:cn here is to t",ke the next steps
made possible by the achievements 0f the Uorld Health f:.rganizution Expert Committee which reported on "National Health PJanning in Developing Countries," (Ind. Hlth. Org. Techn. i1:ep. Ser·, ~ 1967, 350). Here one would want to
examine the en"(;ire relationship betveen the exigencies and demands of socic--poli tical structure and. the basic assumptions of health planners as they determine targets "
and set pri',rities.
'.Ihat is rec.uired is not only more and
better stc.tistics, but an analysis of the entire o.evelopmental frame of refe:cence whi_ch determines both the options and the directions in the health sector in relation to overall planning, and which wav at times result paradoxically in overplanning in relationship to the social and economic
(2)
The relationship be1;17e~s02J-o-cul tural factors and health. The concei."l'l here in the broadest sense is betueen the cultural behaviour of peoples anCi. how this relates to health behaviour and health innovationso Such an approach to the problems and
proe;ralllllles of social medicine would ra11t;'e all the way from consideration of the variable utilization of health services, acceptance and rejection of health programmes, to uses of indi6'enous folk healers.
(3)
Collection of socia-cultural data of use to social medicine. The oonoern here is with an organized, systematic approach to the collection of soci~-cultural
data that bear on health,
- 5-
illness, and the utilization of services. informc~ tion
Such cultural
about dietary habits, child rearing practices,
social values and attitudes bearing on fertility, sanitation and the like, could all make a contribution not only to epideciO:'ogy concerning the different incidences of ciiseases by ethnicity and class, but could also contribute to action progrrurunes of health planners as they seek to focus on the needs of target populations.
(4) rtelationships between health services and other racial services. Here one is concerned with the en~ire
spec,rum of those health
and social services which affect the levels cf living of peoples. Health is not only affected by the availability and utilization vf hospitals and clinics, but by the availability and utilizati0n of all the social defence and welfare services. In that
sense, the \;0rld :{e8.lth Or"';'-iXliz8.ti<.n definition of health as Ita state of complete physical, wental and social well-being and n@t merely the a"osence of disease ()'C
infirmi tyll embraces The links
all the welfare syster;ls into the health system.
between these various systeT'lS are important in orlier to unde~stand
and effectively deal with such
pr~blems
as disability,
mental illness and family planning.
WC1U.D HlALTH l1lGAHlZAnON
IIOIONAL orrtCl POll TIll WlSDU'Ac:tnC
, Ju1, 1967 Biahteeath ,...10n Tatpei
1'-19 September
1~7
OIlGlHAL:
DGUSI
Weda••da"
Place ,lac.,of ...Uaa , ca_lioul eo-t,U••).
to
be
13 Sept_ber 1967. 10.00 a.la. umo~ced in due coura••
:
Centre tabU
f~
Publicaad Buaia".
,
Adlaiaistratlon Bdueation, N&doaa1 Cbeascb1 \JQ1."er.1ty, 187.. 1., CbUDhua load,
BlratI AIIlVAL
co.pu1eory.
"p~.aent.tiv..
proc.edina fro. or
thr~
areaa iafected
with cholera should De :Ln po..... ion of av.UdvacciDatioacut1f1cate. A vaUd entry vba 18 nquired (e •• d&plO1l!ft1c).
Cable .. ti_ted t1ae of anival, including airl1ae aDd flight oUlliber to the WHO bpr. .entat:l.ve ill, '.r&1.pei (Cabl • •cldr... :..
.. aOOl1 aa poadble,&:lving detaiIa of
.-bt...
UNISARTBTAIPII) del4tpti~,
b1pof
witll
full aaa.a &ad titles. aDd whether accompaQied bJ depend.nta or DOt • .... 2 ....•
.
J
~
zCLIMATE
'!'he eli_te 18 .uittroplcal • • _11,.
.
-
_t
aa4 ll.a,ct ... " ...10_11,. Bvtl~..
rainy in September. . .y be cool.
temperature aroued 93.95° rakr....lt.
Suaa.r cloth•• and a .aiaooat ar. r .........d. A dark _u1t ie .....
".,..
aaDdU" to cold _,. bdn, a eardipa. OHeDI01U . . aDd
,ax',. Cor
raoept1ou.
JfO for_l.venin,
dre.. 18 n...... .
40.00 ft• • ou
.t.
Chula. (US$ aDd/or trav.llan ehequa) can
ba _d. in hotala. at the airport. and at tha lank of Taiwat\. atlOD of 'erd. ourr. ., DlUt be eleclareel upon ardval. ao
a.
l8portto ....bla
reetev.w.lon on ...,actur•• 011 AUlVAL
You wUl -. Mt at the . . . SUa lntanatioaal A.i.rport ..
r:e,......tatl". of the beat IOvanmant. cle,arture fft1la your ho.. COUlltl'Y.
'lb. routine proc."ur. at
tu
aiQOI't w111 ... at..,Ufied a. mueh .. po•• nle for you.
lf it hu aot beaD po.dbl. for you to obtain a viea befon your
anul_nUbav. b...
.u.
for it
to -. arated at the airport at the ti.. of arrival.
lor tb1. ,urpo•••
£t " ' " -. .......ar)" to cabl. i .. adv.c. to "tJllSAftl 'lAllll" tb. detan.
of your ,...port, vh.: of i •• ue, aDel val1dlt,.. DUIDG STAY
Idad of ,.._port. DUlllber, plac. of l •• ue, date
aoo.
"'11 be
.ve1~bl.
for ..~.. _tatlv.a _d poadltle .ep_.ca Pric..
at tb. 'lfrald...l" aad "MlltMNdor" betel., located dowDtcNIl. ar. fl'oa US$lO.OO to US$12.,sO for .1qla aDd twill-bed rOOUll.
.,. 3
3 _
Price. of meals k.tfaa t
are a. follow.: ••••••••• e_ • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
-
US$ US$
Lwch Bianer
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••• .•...••..•.•....•.•.•.••...
US$ 2.25. 2.40
1.10. 1.2 0 1.7S. 1""'0
Buse. wUl be put at the dbpoaal of .eF. . .tatlv.. IN tr. .,.zot
from hotel to plac. of meeUq aod back.
booklet. 00 Tai.W&D. aDCl
bro~hur•••howiaa ~tourbt
attzoaotioQl,
re.taur_tl, po,Ula aDd cable rat .. and lDl.caUaneou. inionaation.
DlPUIfA'rlC The followiol cOUGtri.. 1. the WHO W .. tern Pacific &ea1on bcv. ao . . . .)' 10 Taipei: aocI AustnUa, Japan, Korea, Philippioa, USA
n.t.....
to ad41t1oo, there i. a Briti.h CoDAlulat••
There are Cb1oa.a diplomatic 114••1008 abroad io thefollow1q couatri •• aDd tarritor1 .. of the WHO We.tera Pacific &8giOD:
, be,,'"
io
• •
AustraUa, Japan, Korea. New Zealand • PhU1ppiOl', USA aDd Viet-NaIll Portugal
:
Honolulu, s.waii Osaka aod Yokohama, JapaD SydOl)" Australia Oabu, Philippine. n.vao, pl\1Uppinea R~. Viet ..Nam Kuala I,ualpur, Weat: Malayaia Melbourne, Australia Napaaki, Japan Timor-DiU ••• 4
Si'MU1t5M
io
:
~
4 -
UN Addresses:
UNDP. 39 Chi NaD Road. Secti.oll lUi tel: 73176..73177 aeddat a.pr•• ataUv.: Mr lCnut H. Willter
..
UNICEf, Liaisoll Offic •• S ChUDS.ball lOad South; T.l: Ch.1.f: Ml' Y. C. Chen
28187
WHO, S CbUllaaban lOad South; 'tel: aepr ...Dtatbe: Dr P. L. Fa.d O'I'IID ADDIISSIS
34657
'-
a laoi.t t..,l, and .ev.ral 1u44b1.t t • .,l.. iD lalpel.
Add¥ea ••• of th•••• a. w.11 a. ofalrllll' coapall1e., trav.l a.,nel, •• b&Dka and club. CaD be request.d from the Public IDformatlO1l
Ottla,c,
Ml'
G.K.
Bovay.
GIOGIArHlCAL AD oblona bland of .oa:e 14 000 square mil.s. with a populatiOIl of
about 12 700 000, talwall l i •• off the Cb1na coast with the Taiwan Strait to the w •• t and th. Pacif1e Oceall to the u.t. About 250 IIIU.. tip-to-
ttp alla 90 mil.. ill ita wid.st Sirtb, the island is subtroplcal with 110
willt.r, and
DO
tinallna cold.
Snow can be fOUlld ollly
Oil
blah
IIDUIltaillS durlDa the willter. III lit.ral trall8lat1oll. "Talwall" me&Il8
terraced bay,
~d
mor.
or 1... after the patt.rn of itt'! topography.
From coastal plalllS to
moUlltaiDOUS hideouts ri.e layer after layer of foothills where rice paddy lidO. are terraced - the _iDatay of the islands teead.•
.tlltou. • •• 5
.'
sAltbouak III popv~
palace ... oo1"..u1a1
j8~'"
..., fordlM"
call
it "ro-o'a" ('rlM BeautUul), the Cbl.... a1vaye pr.f. "T81v..'1 t. a • 'ol'&lp MM •
rOLl'rle the i.laM v.. returMd to cite ae,ubllc of ebba at the eacI of World
Wa, 11 III 1945. III til. pan C.,i
'taipal v .. ada the prOYialonel capital of Chl... ill 1949.
16
,un t
...
Uo...1 affalra hava iteR rue by tha R.Uo...1
'r
CO".....c vblcb 1a COIIIpO.ed of five y,.. - sxecuUYa, Lea1a1.Uv., COlltrol, Judicial aDd Jxud,...UOII. the fhe cudl... l b1:&oob.. of
IOV.nuMDt Ue r ..poulb1a to tile PrcsUeot who 18 elected evel'}' ala 1U1" ~
a people', repC'.... tath.. body. - tile RaUo... 1 ...... 1y~
TU
lucuch. 1\JUl i .....1010- to cabill.t aDd the Laaitlatlv. YuaIl to padi....t.
ProYlllc1d .dad.Il1.tratloo .... ba_ wUbin the bailiwick of the ,
.,.
'falV&D 'rovloci.1 GOv.nmat which _Yael to tile llidella of the ia1aacl D&U
the cit1 of talcbuoa 111 1957.
'lb. gov.rnor 1s appolnteclb, tbs Ratlooaa1
COWftMllt, debouch the stat. 1eai.latura - the'ralV&D Prov1nc1a1 . . . . .1, • it _de up of people'. r.pr....tatlv•• alactecl by ueivan.l suffr... • ve\'y fow yeara. 1950. A ••1f.IOYanmant prop'''' w .. put illto effact ill
Sine. tIaeD, .11 the .,pstrat.. and _YOI:8, .. wall .. lIIIIIIIbu. of
tb. COUllty aad city couocUs u • •1ectacl
bJ .ecr.t ballot every four
:reAl".
• •• 6
•
ICOIlCICIC
PT.a..iaaatly acricultu.al, the 1.t.a4
~
vaat
e~c
potenC,.l.
whlch are made doubly rlch by co...alal cl1..te aact The lot of the farmera. -, . w.b1~
C.~tl11...
'011.
ccn.U'tute
~
plWl of the ,coUlat1on. Na
baa Iready :Lmproved w1th the .ucc•• elul completion of tM 1aDcI reform pr0Il'&IIIIIII. la the put decaele anel a half, most of the eratvbll• •hare.
cropper. have been mac1e :Lndependent tillera. The chief .tapl. :La dce. c'\-
It. y..l'1y crop., two :Ln the DOrth aac1 la view of the
thr.e 10 tbe .outh, have .plraled up In the pa.t Y"Z".
compuatively Uad.t" arable acrease - about olle-thlrd of the total arM tb. dee proctuct1v1ty :La hlah &ad 'UZ'plUl" are exported. Supr and tu are tbe two chief fonip excl\aDae earaera. potato.. , ,&eIlut. aDliveletabl.. Ire auo produced 11l quaatity. hUlbu\d~
sw..t AD1ul
hal be. enonoudy l ..roved~
1'01I:.. t. contrOute aruUy to the lumbu ... loa1DS iadUltl'Y.
lRlIVSftlAL
couillerable efforta have bea mad. to develop bydroelectdc power atationa. tu. Supr l ..da the induatdee v:l.tb food product., followed by
Al_IlUlll, CeaIUlt, alkal1, paper, . .tau aad t_tU.. an the otber
major ladu.tl'lal It....
or•• al'l auo fouU ill tb. ialaDd.
COal aftCl oU take the lead wltb
sold, copper ADCl dlver produced :l.1l .ome quaotity.
rbbede. areal.o
11l tbe upewl"" a. fl.h 1•• witb rlce. tbe major dletary ltem foZ' tbe
:La laDcler•• The apedal feature :L1l the pa.t decade ba. baea tbe faat develo,..t of tbe tutUe :LDdUItzoy alld of other CODa_r 100de.
• •• 7
.~..
7-
:
~
The cultural cbeucter18Uc. 1Il Tal. . . . .y "
b.. t ..,..... ed . . tbe
, <1'
... l ....UoD of tbe old chi.... pbUo.opby eel IIIDdera tb1Dk1 ......nen aDel w•• t.rD. Ullelerlyt", avery cbina•• thoupt. theraara 1an..-.. of 80th ate propel' athic. aDel reUsloQ 1a ClUna. lIltJ:oducCioll
CoDfucie18a aDel T8018Ill.
luclclbi.a. aleo aava a .tro... 11lfluenoa to ClliDe.a culture.
of IIID.Gen .daca ... tbouabt have cauaeel __ cbaq...
Thb e1tuatloll
ra.ulta 1a an evolutioa of bUlllU\ 8oo1ac, p.tteru, fl'ora the old to the 10-. . . . .r.Uoa•• fro. the couanaUva to the pro~..81v..
It 1.
c.......... frOlll tha lar.a ' .... ly lU. wbeD tba bead of tbe f&ll11,. bad abaolut. autbodty. to ...11 f.U1 .. "".I'a buaband and wU. abara autbortty and r ..poulb:Uitle.. clala blab poalt1oaJ No _1'.
can Ul'ecIltal')' .001al .tat.
dellOCl'&CY ancl popular eelucaUon hav.broupt ..ua1
obuc. to aU who bu th. will.
talpei. of 00\1&"., 18 • world cap1tal III WD&8a foH. r·
IleUl,. aU
,
th.....lou1 aty1.. del tatt•• of food fGUlld 1Il th. v.. t ChiD". aiDlud have tbail' l'ep11c.. III Talp.l. So you CaD hav. WD... eoold", tIa. 01' . . . .
'.lp1"" Shaapal. CUlton. Saecbua
atyl••
*******. j .t;