Index medicus for the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region: with abstract: IMEMR current content

Vol. 9 No. 1 ISSN: 2071-2510 IMEMR Current Contents March 2010 Vol. 9 No. 1  Index Medicus for the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region with Abstracts IMEMR Current Contents March 2010 Vol. 9 No. 1

  i Table of Contents IMEMR Current Contents ...................................................................................................................... vii Subject Index ........................................................................................................................................... ix Abdomen, Acute ............................................................................................................................. 1 Alkaline Phosphatase ..................................................................................................................... 1 Allergy and Immunology ................................................................................................................. 1 alpha-Tocopherol ............................................................................................................................ 2 Anemia ........................................................................................................................................... 2 Anemia, Sickle Cell ......................................................................................................................... 2 Anesthesia, Spinal .......................................................................................................................... 3 Animals, Domestic .......................................................................................................................... 3 Anthropometry ................................................................................................................................ 3 Anxiety ............................................................................................................................................ 3 Arteriovenous Malformations .......................................................................................................... 3 Arthritis, Infectious .......................................................................................................................... 4 Ascites ............................................................................................................................................ 4 Asparaginase .................................................................................................................................. 4 Aspergillosis ................................................................................................................................... 5 Asthma ........................................................................................................................................... 5 Bacillus ........................................................................................................................................... 6 Bacillus thuringiensis ...................................................................................................................... 6 Bell Palsy ........................................................................................................................................ 6 Benzoquinones ............................................................................................................................... 6 beta-Thalassemia ........................................................................................................................... 7 Biomedical Research ...................................................................................................................... 7 Biomphlaria ..................................................................................................................................... 8 Blood Pressure ............................................................................................................................... 8 Bone Substitutes ............................................................................................................................ 8 Bottle Feeding ................................................................................................................................ 9 Brain Abscess ................................................................................................................................. 9 Brain Neoplasms ............................................................................................................................ 9 Breast Neoplasms .......................................................................................................................... 9 Breast Self-Examination ............................................................................................................... 10 Burning Mouth Syndrome ............................................................................................................. 11 Candidiasis, Chronic Mucocutaneous .......................................................................................... 11 Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases ........................................................................................................ 11 Carcinoid Tumor ........................................................................................................................... 12 Carcinoma, Acinar Cell ................................................................................................................. 12 Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor ............................................................................................................ 12 Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ................................................................................................. 13 Career Choice .............................................................................................................................. 13 Carnitine ....................................................................................................................................... 14 Caseins ......................................................................................................................................... 14 Catha ............................................................................................................................................ 14 Catheterization, Central Venous ................................................................................................... 15 Cell Physiological Phenomena ..................................................................................................... 15 Cerebellar Diseases ..................................................................................................................... 15 Cerebral Hemorrhage ................................................................................................................... 16 Cerebral Palsy .............................................................................................................................. 16 Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts .......................................................................................................... 16 Cesarean Section ......................................................................................................................... 17 Chickens ....................................................................................................................................... 17 Child Abuse .................................................................................................................................. 17 Chlamydia trachomatis ................................................................................................................. 18 Chromium Compounds ................................................................................................................. 18   ii Circumcision, Female ................................................................................................................... 18 Clarithromycin ............................................................................................................................... 19 Clotrimazole .................................................................................................................................. 19 Composite Resins ........................................................................................................................ 19 Coronary Disease ......................................................................................................................... 20 Corynebacterium .......................................................................................................................... 20 Cucumovirus ................................................................................................................................. 20 Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors ............................................................................................................ 21 Dairy Products .............................................................................................................................. 21 Dental Implantation ....................................................................................................................... 22 Dental Implants ............................................................................................................................. 22 Dental Veneers ............................................................................................................................. 22 Depression ................................................................................................................................... 23 Depression, Postpartum ............................................................................................................... 23 Depth Perception .......................................................................................................................... 23 Dermatitis, Atopic ......................................................................................................................... 24 Dexmedetomidine ......................................................................................................................... 24 Diabetes Mellitus .......................................................................................................................... 25 Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ............................................................................................................. 25 Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ............................................................................................................. 26 Diabetic Foot ................................................................................................................................ 26 Diabetic Neuropathies .................................................................................................................. 26 Diabetic Retinopathy .................................................................................................................... 27 Diarrhea, Infantile ......................................................................................................................... 27 Disabled Persons ......................................................................................................................... 28 Disinfection ................................................................................................................................... 28 DNA .............................................................................................................................................. 28 Drug Toxicity ................................................................................................................................. 29 Duodenum .................................................................................................................................... 29 Dyslipidemias ............................................................................................................................... 29 Dyspepsia ..................................................................................................................................... 30 Echinacea ..................................................................................................................................... 30 Education, Medical ....................................................................................................................... 30 Education, Medical, Continuing .................................................................................................... 31 Education, Medical, Undergraduate ............................................................................................. 31 Education, Nursing ....................................................................................................................... 32 Eggs ............................................................................................................................................. 33 Electroencephalography ............................................................................................................... 33 Electrolytes ................................................................................................................................... 33 Endometriosis ............................................................................................................................... 33 Endosonography .......................................................................................................................... 34 Epilepsy ........................................................................................................................................ 34 Factor V ........................................................................................................................................ 35 Family Practice ............................................................................................................................. 35 Fasciitis, Necrotizing ..................................................................................................................... 35 Fasting .......................................................................................................................................... 35 Feces ............................................................................................................................................ 35 Fingersucking ............................................................................................................................... 36 Foreign Bodies ............................................................................................................................. 36 Forensic Dentistry ......................................................................................................................... 36 Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia .................................................................................................... 36 Geniculate Bodies ........................................................................................................................ 37 Genital Diseases, Female ............................................................................................................ 37 Gitelman Syndrome ...................................................................................................................... 37 Guillain-Barre Syndrome .............................................................................................................. 38 Habits ........................................................................................................................................... 38 Hand Injuries ................................................................................................................................ 38 Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ......................................................................................... 38 Health Promotion .......................................................................................................................... 39 Heart Defects, Congenital ............................................................................................................ 39 Heart Diseases ............................................................................................................................. 39   iii Heart Neoplasms .......................................................................................................................... 40 Helicobacter Infections ................................................................................................................. 40 Hematoma, Epidural, Cranial ....................................................................................................... 40 Hemosiderosis .............................................................................................................................. 40 Hepatitis B .................................................................................................................................... 41 Hepatitis B Vaccines ..................................................................................................................... 41 Hepatitis, Autoimmune ................................................................................................................. 41 Hepatolenticular Degeneration ..................................................................................................... 42 Hernia, Diaphragmatic .................................................................................................................. 42 History of Medicine ....................................................................................................................... 42 HIV Infections ............................................................................................................................... 43 Hodgkin Disease .......................................................................................................................... 43 Homocysteine ............................................................................................................................... 43 Hypertension ................................................................................................................................ 44 Hyperthyroidism ............................................................................................................................ 45 Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome ................................................................................................. 45 Indomethacin ................................................................................................................................ 45 Infertility, Male .............................................................................................................................. 46 Injections ...................................................................................................................................... 46 Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ............................................................................... 46 Intestinal Volvulus ......................................................................................................................... 46 Intracranial Aneurysm ................................................................................................................... 47 Job Satisfaction ............................................................................................................................ 47 Ketogenic Diet .............................................................................................................................. 47 Klebsiella Infections ...................................................................................................................... 48 Labor, Induced .............................................................................................................................. 48 Lasers, Solid-State ....................................................................................................................... 48 Learning ........................................................................................................................................ 48 Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous ........................................................................................................... 49 Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive ................................................................. 49 Lipoprotein [a] ............................................................................................................................... 49 Liver Neoplasms ........................................................................................................................... 50 Liver Transplantation .................................................................................................................... 50 Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic .................................................................................................. 51 Lycopersicon esculentum ............................................................................................................. 51 Lymphatic Diseases ..................................................................................................................... 52 Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell ................................................................................................................ 52 Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ............................................................................................................. 52 Mammography .............................................................................................................................. 52 Medication Errors ......................................................................................................................... 53 Medroxyprogesterone 17-Acetate ................................................................................................ 53 Meningitis ..................................................................................................................................... 54 Meningococcal Infections ............................................................................................................. 54 Menopause ................................................................................................................................... 54 Mental Health Services ................................................................................................................. 55 Metabolic Syndrome X ................................................................................................................. 55 Metformin ...................................................................................................................................... 55 Methicillin-Resistant Staphylocaccus aureus ............................................................................... 55 Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase NADPH2 .......................................................................... 56 Micronutrients ............................................................................................................................... 56 Midazolam .................................................................................................................................... 57 Milk ............................................................................................................................................... 57 Misoprostol ................................................................................................................................... 57 Models, Nursing ............................................................................................................................ 58 Mouth Neoplasms ......................................................................................................................... 58 Moyamoya Disease ...................................................................................................................... 59 Multiple Myeloma .......................................................................................................................... 59 Myasthenia Gravis ........................................................................................................................ 59 Myelitis, Transverse ...................................................................................................................... 60 Myocardial Infarction .................................................................................................................... 60 Myocardial Ischemia ..................................................................................................................... 60   iv National Health Programs ............................................................................................................ 60 Natural Cytotoxicity Triggering Receptor 2 ................................................................................... 61 Neoplasms .................................................................................................................................... 61 Nerve Fibers, Myelinated .............................................................................................................. 61 Neuronal Migration Disorders ....................................................................................................... 62 Neurotransmitter Agents ............................................................................................................... 62 Nocturnal Enuresis ....................................................................................................................... 62 Nurses .......................................................................................................................................... 63 Nursing Education Research ........................................................................................................ 63 Nursing Faculty Practice ............................................................................................................... 64 Occlusal Adjustment ..................................................................................................................... 64 Oculomotor Nerve ........................................................................................................................ 64 Odontogenic Cyst, Calcifying ....................................................................................................... 65 Oral Hygiene ................................................................................................................................. 65 Orthodontics ................................................................................................................................. 65 Oryza sativa .................................................................................................................................. 65 Osteitis Deformans ....................................................................................................................... 66 Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal .................................................................................................... 66 Oxidative Stress ........................................................................................................................... 66 Paranasal Sinus Diseases ............................................................................................................ 67 Patient Rights ............................................................................................................................... 67 Pefloxacin ..................................................................................................................................... 67 Pemphigoid Gestationis ................................................................................................................ 68 Penile Diseases ............................................................................................................................ 68 Peptides, Cyclic ............................................................................................................................ 68 Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation................................................................................. 68 Pituitary Gland .............................................................................................................................. 69 Plant Oils ...................................................................................................................................... 69 Pneumatosis Cystoides Intestinalis .............................................................................................. 69 Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated ............................................................................................... 70 Pneumothorax .............................................................................................................................. 70 POEMS Syndrome ....................................................................................................................... 71 Polyradiculoneuropathy ................................................................................................................ 71 Porphyria, Erythropoietic .............................................................................................................. 71 Postnatal Care .............................................................................................................................. 71 Postural Balance .......................................................................................................................... 72 Pre-Eclampsia .............................................................................................................................. 72 Pregnancy .................................................................................................................................... 72 Premarital Examinations ............................................................................................................... 73 Problem-Based Learning .............................................................................................................. 74 Propofol ........................................................................................................................................ 74 Prostate-Specific Antigen ............................................................................................................. 74 Psychiatric Status Rating Scales .................................................................................................. 75 Public Health ................................................................................................................................ 75 Pulmonary Artery .......................................................................................................................... 75 Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ..................................................................................... 76 Purpura ......................................................................................................................................... 76 Radial Artery ................................................................................................................................. 76 Referral and Consultation ............................................................................................................. 77 Renal Dialysis ............................................................................................................................... 77 Respiratory Paralysis .................................................................................................................... 77 Role Playing ................................................................................................................................. 77 Root Canal Therapy ..................................................................................................................... 78 Safety Management ..................................................................................................................... 78 Salvia ............................................................................................................................................ 78 School Admission Criteria ............................................................................................................ 79 Schools, Medical .......................................................................................................................... 79 Self Mutilation ............................................................................................................................... 79 Seminoma .................................................................................................................................... 80 Spermatic Cord Torsion ................................................................................................................ 80 Spinal Cord Injuries ...................................................................................................................... 80   v Splenosis ...................................................................................................................................... 81 Staphylococcal Vaccines .............................................................................................................. 81 Stomach Neoplasms .................................................................................................................... 82 Thoracic Injuries ........................................................................................................................... 82 Thyyrotoxicosis ............................................................................................................................. 82 Tobacco ........................................................................................................................................ 83 Tocotrienols .................................................................................................................................. 83 Tonsillectomy ................................................................................................................................ 83 Tooth Bleaching ............................................................................................................................ 84 Tooth Erosion ............................................................................................................................... 84 Triticum ......................................................................................................................................... 84 Tuberculosis ................................................................................................................................. 85 Tuberculosis, Endocrine ............................................................................................................... 85 Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant ................................................................................................ 86 Tuberculosis, Pulmonary .............................................................................................................. 86 Urethral Obstruction ..................................................................................................................... 86 Varicocele ..................................................................................................................................... 87 Vascular Resistance ..................................................................................................................... 87 Violence ........................................................................................................................................ 87 von Willebrand Factor ................................................................................................................... 88 Waist Circumference .................................................................................................................... 88 Water ............................................................................................................................................ 89 Wounds and Injuries ..................................................................................................................... 89 Yoghurt ......................................................................................................................................... 89 Appendix I: Author Index ...................................................................................................................... 91 Appendix II: List of EMR Journals Indexed in IMEMR (by country) ................................................ 115 BAHRAIN (3) .............................................................................................................................. 117 EGYPT (130) .............................................................................................................................. 117 IRAQ (29) ................................................................................................................................... 122 ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN (136) ......................................................................................... 123 JORDAN (9) ............................................................................................................................... 128 KUWAIT (4) ................................................................................................................................ 128 LEBANON (9) ............................................................................................................................. 128 LIBYAN ARAB JAMAHIRYA (6) ................................................................................................. 129 MOROCCO (6) ........................................................................................................................... 129 OMAN (3) ................................................................................................................................... 129 PAKISTAN (67) .......................................................................................................................... 129 PALESTINE (3) .......................................................................................................................... 132 QATAR (4) .................................................................................................................................. 132 SAUDI ARABIA (27) ................................................................................................................... 132 SUDAN (9) .................................................................................................................................. 133 SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC (10) ................................................................................................. 134 TUNISIA (9) ................................................................................................................................ 134 UNITED ARAB EMIRATES (3) ................................................................................................... 135 YEMEN (7) ................................................................................................................................. 135 Appendix III: List of EMR Journals Indexed in IMEMR (by title) ...................................................... 137

  vii IMEMR Current Contents Rationale The Index Medicus for the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region (IMEMR) has sustained its indexing policy, which has made it a vital current awareness information tool, for technical staff of the Regional Office, health care staff, and medical professionals who are able now to access heath literature published in the Region as soon as it is published. A document delivery service to support the Index has also been activated which will enable any user to acquire a copy of any article listed in the Index. The cumulative version of the Index Medicus is available now on the Internet as part of EMRO web site. A CD-ROM version of the same is also being provided upon request. Scope and Coverage The IMEMR Current Contents is issued on a quarterly basis including the most recent articles added to Index Medicus for the Eastern Mediterranean Region (IMEMR) Database1. Indexing Level Each article has been indexed and assigned to a “Main Heading”, plus added headings according to the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) list of the National Library of Medicine (NLM). Up to five added headings (including the respective country) have been allowed. Subheadings (or qualifiers) are used in indexing to qualify MeSH headings by pinpointing some specific aspects of the concept represented by the heading, e.g. “LIVER-Drug Effects” indicates that the article is not about the liver in general, but about the effect of drugs on the liver. Organization of the IMEMR Subject Index The Index is organized in alphabetical order, according to the Main Subject Headings (MeSH). In most cases one main subject is assigned to each article. Under the main subject, entries are sorted by Subheading in alphabetical order also. Each entry includes the bibliographic information of the article e.g. title of the article, author(s), first author’s affiliation, journal title, year (date of publication), volume number, issue number, page numbers, number of references, subject descriptors and geographic descriptors. Abstracts have been added and are searchable on the database on the Internet. (as shown in Figure 1) Author Index The IMEMR includes the author’s index, which also indicates the subjects covered by each author. (Appendix I) List of EMR Journals by Country The IMEMR includes an updated list of EMR Journals, which are indexed in the index. The list is sorted in alphabetical order by the country of publication, which also indicates the number of journals in each country. (Appendix II) List of EMR Journals by Title The IMEMR includes an updated list of EMR Journals, which are indexed in the index. The list is sorted in alphabetical order by journal’s title, which also indicates the status of indexing for each journal. (Appendix III) Computer facilities The Current Contents has been produced using the UNESCO WINISIS package. Countries or journals publishers interested in a subset of the database may be provided with data sets in WINISIS format upon request.                                                              1  Including the countries of Afghanistan, Bahrain, Djibouti, Egypt, Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Morocco, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syrian Arab Republic, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, Yemen    viii Availability of photocopies Photocopies of articles cited in IMEMR may be obtained from EMRO Library free of charge upon request. Availability on the Internet This issue, as well as all forthcoming issues, will appear in WHO/EMRO web site on the Internet, as part of the complete edition of the Index. Internet address is http://www.emro.who.int/HIS/VHSL/Imemr.htm    Figure (1): Sample of IMEMR citation Antibodies, Antinuclear Main Subject Heading Keywords: Arthritis, Rheumatoid-diagnosis; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic-diagnosis; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Crithidia; Fluorescent Antibody Technique Descriptors Abstract: To study the correlation between enzyme linked Immunosorbent assay [ELISA] and immunofluoresencent [IF] anti-dsDNA antibody measurement in different diseases. One hundred and forty sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE, n=40], rheumatoid arthritis [RA, n=30], disease control [n=40] and from healthy control subjects [n=30] were included. Using the ELISA, serum anti-dsDNA was detected in 24/40 [60%] SLE, 5/30 [16.6%] RA, 9/40 [22.5%] disease controls and 1/30 [3.3%] of normal healthy controls. When IF assay was employed, anti-ds DNA antibodies were detected in 16/40 [40%] SLE, 3/30 [10%] RA, 5/40 [12.5%] disease controls but none in the normal subjects. These results suggest that both ELISA and IF techniques can be used for the measurement of anti- ds DNA antibodies in clinical laboratories and, these antibodies are not unique to SLE.  Abstract immunology Subheading Title Evaluation of anti-DS DNA antibodies in anti-nuclear antibody positive Omani patients. Journal Title Year Issue Pages No. of References Volume Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences 2007; 23 (2): 211-215 (22 ref.) Author(s) Alnaqdy, Adel; Al Busaidy, Juma; Hassan, Batool First author's e-mail address E-mail:aalwan@squ.edu.om First author's affiliation Sultan Qaboos University - College of Medicine and Health Sciences - Department of Microbiology and Immunology     Subject Index

IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   1 Abdomen, Acute diagnosis Acute abdomen at El Obeid Hospital, Western Sudan. Doumi, El Bushra Ahmed; Mohammed, Mohammed Ibrahim E-mail:elbushradoumi@hotmail.com University of Kordofan - Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Sudan Journal of Medical Sciences 2009; 4 (2): 137-140 (25 ref.) Keywords: Abdomen, Acute-etiology; Abdomen, Acute-therapy; Treatment Outcome; Prospective Studies; Abdominal Pain; Appendicitis; Intestinal Obstruction; Duodenal Ulcer; Hernia; Cholecystitis Abstract: Acute abdominal pain is the presenting complaint in emergency departments of all hospitals worldwide, resulting in a huge drain of human and non-human resources. To study the pattern, causes and management outcomes of patients presenting with acute abdomen to El Obeid Hospital, Western Sudan. This was a prospective study. All patients who presented with acute abdomen to the University Surgical Unit at El Obeid Hospital between January 1999 and December 2000 were included. The patient characteristics, clinical features, investigations, management and postoperative care were recorded in a pre-designed sheet. There were 421 patients. 242 were males [57.5%]. Acute appendicitis was the commonest cause accounting for 63% of the patients, followed by acute intestinal obstruction 20.4% and abdominal trauma 11.6%. One third of the patients with acute appendicitis reported with complications. The majority of acute intestinal obstruction cases were due to obstructed and/or strangulated hernia. Acute Cholecystitis and perforated duodenal ulcers were not common. Perforated typhoid ulcers and tuberculosis peritonitis were less frequent but had high mortality. The overall mortality was 8.5% and those deaths occurred mostly in patients presenting late with generalized peritonitis. Acute abdomen was a common surgical emergency at El Obeid Hospital, Western Sudan. The leading causes were acute appendicitis, acute intestinal obstruction and abdominal trauma. Awareness of the seriousness of the condition and better hospital facilities and care may reduce an unacceptable high mortality. Alkaline Phosphatase Changes of human placental alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase in prolonged pregnancy. Al Allaf, Luma I.K.; Jarjees, Mohamed T.T.; Al Nuaimy, Wahda M.T. E-mail:Lumallaf1971@yahoo.com University of Mousl - Histology and Embryology - Department of Anatomy Journal of the Arab Board of Medical Specializations 2009; 10 (1): 13-18 (21 ref.) Keywords: Acid Phosphatase; Placenta-abnormalities; Pregnancy, Prolonged; Gestational Age; Pregnancy Abstract: The current study aims to investigate the pattern of distribution of alkaline and acid phosphates in the placentas of prolonged pregnancies compared to that in those delivered atterm. In addition, it also aims to determine whether the studied enzyme changes of prolonged pregnancy placentas represent a continuum that may begin before 42 week's gestation. This study examined placentas obtained from 220 non-hypertensive, non-diabetic, non-smoker, Rh[+]singleton pregnant women who delivered at Al-Batool Maternity Teaching hospital in Mosul city inover a period of two months extending from August 1[st] to September 30[th] 2005. These women were classified according to their accurately assigned gestational age into three groups: Group 1; includes women who delivered between 38-41 weeks of gestation [n=100], Group 2; includes women who delivered between 41-42 weeks of gestation [n=60], and Group 3; includes those whode livered beyond 42 weeks [n=60]. All placental sections of the three study groups were stained using alkaline phosphatase stain [Gomons method-cobalt] and acid phosphatase stain [Gomons method-lead]. The placentas of group I showed a moderate to marked reaction to alkaline phosphatase stain in the syncytiotrophoblasts with a very weak reaction in the villous stroma, anda moderate reaction in the maternal decidua; however, they showed a very weak reaction to acid phosphatase stain in both syncytiotrophoblasts and the villous stroma. Placentas in group 2 and 3 showed a marked reaction to alkaline stain in the syncytiotrophoblasts, while the villous stromaand the maternal decidua showed a moderate reaction with further decrease in the activity of acid phosphatase in both syncytiotrophoblasts and the villous stroma. Negative reaction to acid phosphatase stain was noticed in the maternal decidua in all groups. Prolonged pregnancy placentas showed increased alkaline phosphatase activity and reduction in acid Phosphatase activity. In addition, the studied placental enzyme changes of prolonged pregnancies [including alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase] represent a continuum that may begin before 42 weeks gestation as most of these enzymatic changes are associated with pregnancies extended between 41-42 weeks. Allergy and Immunology education Requirements for physician competencies in allergy: key clinical competencies appropriate for the care of patients with allergic orimmunologic diseases A position statement of the World Allergy Organization. Kaliner, Michael A.; Del Giacco, Sergio; Crisci, Carlos D.; Frew, Anthony J.; Liu, Guanghui; Maspero, Jorge; Moon, Hee Bom; Nakagawa, Takemasa; Potter, Paul C.; Rosenwasser, Lanny J. Egyptian Journal of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology [The] 2009; 7 (1): 33-38 (17 ref.) IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   2 Keywords: Physicians; Knowledge; Professional Competence; Patient Care; Schools, Medical; Immunoglobulin E; Hypersensitivity; Clinical Competence; Attitude alpha-Tocopherol pharmacology Biochemical study to study the effect of alpha-tocopherol on the glycemic profile in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Mehboob, Khadija; Naveed, Abdul Khaliq; Mehboob, Zara; Ahmed, Ejaz Army Medical College - Demonstrator Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Medical Forum Monthly 2009; 20 (1): 9-13 (18 ref.) Keywords: Blood Glucose; Streptozocin; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Hypoglycemic Agents; Antioxidants; Rats, Sprague-Dawley Abstract: This study was aimed to assess the anti-hyperglycemic effects of alpha-tocopherol. We assessed the hypothesis that administration of exogenous antioxidant alpha-tocopherol can restore a more balanced glucose homeostasis. The objective of the study was to evaluate the anti-hyperglycemic activity of Alpha-tocopherol in Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Albino rats of Sprague Dawley variety were divided into 3 groups of 30 each. Group-1 was the control group which was neither diabetic nor was provided with alpha-tocopherol, group-2 served as the diabetic control, which was made diabetic by an intraperitoneal injection of Streptozotocin but was fed with usual rodent feed while group-3 was the experimental group which was both diabetic and was also treated with alpha- tocopherol enriched diet. After 21 days of experimentation, blood sugar was estimated. Alpha-tocopherol produced a significant reduction in FBG in the STZ induced diabetic rats. Anemia complications The effect of maternal anemia on anthropometric measurements of newborns. Telatar, Benin; Comert, Serdar; Vitrinel, Ayca; Erginoz, Ethem; Akin, Yasemin Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty - Departments of Family Medicine and Pediatrics Saudi Medical Journal 2009; 30 (3): 409-412 (12 ref.) Keywords: Anemia-epidemiology; Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic; Fetal Weight; Hemoglobins; Anthropology; Cross-Sectional Studies; Prospective Studies Abstract: To evaluate the relation between maternal prenatal hemoglobin concentration and neonatal anthropometric measurements. All pregnant women who gave birth at the Obstetrics Department of Dr. LK Kartal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey, from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2006, and their newborns were included in this prospective, cross-sectional study. The newborns' weight, height, head, and chest circumference were recorded. Mothers with hemoglobin concentration less than 11 g/dl were evaluated as anemic. The anemic mothers were then grouped into 3 categories according to the corresponding hemoglobin concentration: mild [10.9-9.0 g/dl], moderate [8.9-7.0 g/dl], and severe anemic [less than 7 g/dl]. The anthropometric measurements of newborns from non-anemic and anemic mother groups were compared. Of the 3688 pregnant women, 1588 [43%] were found to be anemic. Among the anemic mothers, 1245 had mild [78.5%], 311 had moderate [19.5%], and 32 [2%] had severe anemia. The anthropometric measurements [height, weight, head and chest circumference] of newborns of anemic and non-anemic mother groups showed a statistically significant difference [p=0.036, p=0.044, p=0.013, and p=0.0002]. There was a statistically significant difference in height, weight, and chest circumference of newborns of severe anemic and mild anemic mothers [p=0.017, p=0.008 and p=0.02]. The height [1.1 cm], weight [260 g], head [0.42 cm], and chest [1 cm] circumference of neonates in the severe anemic group is less than the mild anemic group. Anemia during pregnancy affect the anthropometric measurements of a newborn. Severe anemia had significant negative effect on neonatal anthropometric measurements. Anemia, Sickle Cell epidemiology The prevalence of sickle cell anemia in Saudi children and adolescents. A community-based survey. Al Qurashi, Mansour M.; Al Mendalawi, Mahmood D. Ministry of Health - Al Yamama Hospital Saudi Medical Journal 2009; 30 (3): 452 (5 ref.) Keywords: Prevalence; Neonatal Screening; Child; Adolescent IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   3 Anesthesia, Spinal adverse effects Spinal hematoma as a result of spinal anesthesia for cesarean section. Erk, Gulcan; Taspinar, Vildan; Akay, Melih; Gokcil, Zeki E-mail:gulcanerk@hotmail.com Ankara Numune Training and Research State Hospital - Department of Anesthesiology Neurosciences 2009; 14 (2): 182-183 (5 ref.) Keywords: Hematoma, Subdural, Spinal; Neurologic Manifestations; Cesarean Section; Bupivacaine-therapeutic use; Methylprednisolone-therapeutic use; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Anesthesia, Conduction Animals, Domestic Lipoprotein lbpase mRNA expression in different tissues of farm animals. El Kattawy, Azza M.; El Shazly, Samir A.; KAhilo, Khatid A.; Hassan, Ibrahim F.; Abo Zeid, Tarek Kafrel Sheikh University - Faculty of Vet. Med - Department of Biochemistry EJB - Egyptian Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology [The] 2009; 27 (1): 107-116 (16 ref.) Keywords: Lipoprotein Lipase-genetics; Cattle; Triglycerides-blood; Adipose Tissue; Testis; Heart; Liver; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Electrophoresis, Agarose Gel; RNA, Messenger Abstract: Lipoprotein lipase [LPL] controls triacylglycerol partitioning between adipose tissues and muscles, so it is important enzyme for fattening of animals. The present work was planned to clarify the use of polymerase chain reaction [PCR] for detection of LPL mRNA expression in different tissues representing internal organs of male Friesian cows. The obtained results revealed that, LPL mRNA was expressed in all tested tissues, and the highest expression was encountered in testis [1.03]. The expression in heart, liver, kidney, adrenal gland, spleen were 0.92, 0.77, 0.76, 0.73, and 0.70 respectively. The lowest expression was found in adipose tissue [0.64]. It could be concluded from the present study that, expression of LPL mRNA differs according to the type of tissue. The highest expression was found in testis which may confirm the role of LPL in the process of spermatogenesis. Anthropometry Anthropometric measurements of term neonates from a state hospital in Turkey. Telatar, B.; Comert, S.; Vitrinel, A.; Erginoz, E. Dr Lutfi Kirdar Kartal Education and Research Hospital - Department of Paediatrics EMHJ - Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2009; 15 (6): 1412-1419 (13 ref.) Keywords: Term Birth; Infant, Newborn; Birth Weight; Reference Values; Cross-Sectional Studies; Body Weight Abstract: To determine regional percentile values and compare them with currently used national and international curves, we determined the birth weight, height and head and chest circumference of 3688 term neonates born in a state hospital in the Anatolian part of Istanbul, Turkey. Mean birth weight, height and head and chest circumference were 3334 [SD 494] g, 48.3 [SD 2.2] cm, 34.4[SD 1.3] cm and 32.8 [1.9] cm respectively. For both boys and girls, the current Turkish national percentile curves overestimate the birth weight, height and head circumference at the 10[th] percentile. For boys, the national curves and those from the USA underestimate birth weight of neonates above the 90th percentile. Anxiety epidemiology Anxiety and depression levels of outpatients and inpatients in a private hospital. Karaoglu, Nazan; Karaoglu, Mehmet A. E-mail:drnkaraoglu@gmail.com Selcuk University - Meram Medical Faculty - Department of Medical Education and Informatics Neurosciences 2009; 14 (2): 191-192 (5 ref.) Keywords: Depression-epidemiology; Outpatients; Inpatients; Hospitals; Prevalence; Cross-Sectional Studies; Questionnaires Arteriovenous Malformations diagnosis Acute onset headache and hemiparesis in a young adult. Fatehi, Farzad; Zare, Mohammad; Basiri, Keivan; Saadatnia, Mohammad E-mail:farzad_fatehi@yahoo.com Isfahan University of Medical Sciences - Medical Education Research Center - Neurology Department Neurosciences 2009; 14 (2): 200-201 (4 ref.) Keywords: Arteriovenous Malformations-therapy; Headache; Muscle Weakness; Nausea; Vomiting; Paresis; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Magnetic Resonance Angiography IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   4 Arthritis, Infectious diagnosis Septic arthritis of the knee joint secondary to prevotella bivia. Salman, Salman A.; Baharoon, Salim A. King Abdulaziz Medical City - King Fahad National Guard Hospital - Department of Medicine Saudi Medical Journal 2009; 30 (3): 426-428 (15 ref.) Keywords: Knee Joint; Prevotella-pathogenicity; Arthritis, Infectious-therapy Abstract: Prevotella bivia is an obligatory anaerobic, gram-negative rod, which often produces a detectable beta- Lactamases. To date, there has been only 3 descriptions of septic arthritis secondary to this microorganism in a patients pre-existing sever joint disease like rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis or after joint prosthesis. We are reporting the first case of septic arthritis due to Prevotella bivia in a patient with no pre-existing joint symptoms. Ascites etiology Etiological pattern of ascites in patients admitted in medical units. Ahsaan, Akram; Abbas, Ghulam; Taseer, Ijaz-ul-Haque Senior Registrar Medical Unit II Medical Forum Monthly 2009; 20 (1): 19-24 (19 ref.) Keywords: Liver Cirrhosis-complications; Hepatitis B-epidemiology; Hepatitis C-epidemiology; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Fever; Jaundice; Abdominal Pain; Edema; Dyspnea; Peritonitis, Tuberculous; Heart Failure; Nephrotic Syndrome Abstract: Ascites is a very common problem in medical wards. It is the most common complication of cirrhosis of liver which is very alarming problem in this society due to increased transmission of hepatitis B and Hepatitis C virus. To determine the etiological diagnosis in patients presenting with ascites and the frequency of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C in patients of ascites due to hepatic cirrhosis. It was a descriptive study with convenience non probability sampling technique. The study was performed on cases with ascites presenting at Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur in all four medical units from December 2006 to May 2007 for a period of 6 months. A total of 50 patients with ascites were studied for the different causes of ascites, their clinical presentations and the frequency of Hepatitis B and C and the data obtained were statistically analyzed with descriptive statistic. There were 37 males and 13 females, with manage of 58.8 +/- 15.9 years. Liver cirrhosis accounted for 84% of cases [hepatitis B cirrhosis 38%, hepatitis C cirrhosis 42%, both 4%] followed by peritoneal tuberculosis 6%, malignancy 6%, congestive heart failure 2%, and nephrotic syndrome 2%. As regards the clinical presentation, 25 patients presented with gastrointestinal bleeding due to esophageal varices, 20 with fever, 18 with jaundice, 7 with abdominal tenderness, 4 with breathlessness, 3 with abdominal masses, 2 with generalized edema and 1 patient of ascites was asymptomatic. The study concluded that in this area the most common cause of ascites is the liver cirrhosis. Hepatitis B and C infections are playing this havoc role. The common clinical presentations seen were gastrointestinal bleeding and fever. Asparaginase isolation and purification Purification and characterization of vigna unguiculata cultiver asparaginase. Ali, Ehab M. Mohamed Tanta University - Faculty of Science - Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department EJB - Egyptian Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology [The] 2009; 27 (1): 145-161 (43 ref.) Keywords: Seeds; Asparagine; Plants; Molecular Weight; Glutamine; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Electrophoresis Abstract: Asparaginase [EC 3.5.1.1] activity was determined in non germinating seeds and germinating seeds of five Egyptian cowpea [Vigna unguiculatd] cultivars [Kareem 7, Dokki 331, Kafer El-Sheikh 1, Kaha 1 and Fodder]. The specific activities of germinating seeds asparaginase in different cultivars were higher than the specific activities of non germinated seeds of these cultivars. Asparaginase was purified from Fodder cultivar germinating seeds [the highest specific activity] and resolved into three peaks with asparaginase activities by DEAE sepharose, designated by asp I, asp II and asp III. The molecular weight of asp II was 70 kDa for native enzyme using gel filtration. By using SDS- PAGE electrophoresis, asp II had molecular weight about 35 kDa suggesting that a dimeric structure for asp II. Asp II had a Km value 1.25 mM for asparagine and a pH optimum at 8.0. Asp II had a temperature optimum and heat stability at 40 °C. The fodder cultivar asp II activity was specific for L-asparagine and did not hydrolyze D-asparagine. It is not specific for L-glutamine. Ni[2+] and Co[2+] had activator effects on asp II but other metals ions had inhibitory effect. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   5 Aspergillosis diagnosis Invasive gastrointestinal aspergillosis in an immunocompromised host. Hasosah, Mohammed Y.; Enemuo, Valantine E-mail:myhasosah@yahoo.com King Abdulaziz Medical City - National Guard Hospital - Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology Saudi Medical Journal 2009; 30 (3): 439-440 (4 ref.) Keywords: Aspergillosis-therapy; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Immunocompromised Host; Graft vs Host Disease; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Antifungal Agents-therapeutic use; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; Tomography, X-Ray Computed Asthma diagnosis Airway allergy and skin reactivity to aeroallergens in Riyadh. Almogren, Adel E-mail:almogren@ksu.edu.sa King Saud University - College of Medicine and King Khalid University Hospital - Department of Pathology, Immunology Unit Saudi Medical Journal 2009; 30 (3): 392-396 (36 ref.) Keywords: Rhinitis-diagnosis; Allergens; Skin Tests; Spores, Fungal; Pyroglyphidae; Cynodon; Lolium; Chenopodium album; Prosopis; Cross-Sectional Studies; Retrospective Studies Abstract: To determine the pattern of skin prick test reactivity to aeroallergens in patients with asthma and rhinitis [airway allergy] residing in Riyadh region. This is a retrospective cross-sectional study based on data analysis of skin prick test results of individuals with clinical diagnosis of airway allergy. Allergy skin prick test result data of 139 Saudi nationals from Riyadh region tested at King Khalid University Hospital between January 2003 and March 2004 was analyzed retrospectively. This group comprised of 53% females and 47% males, with a mean ageof 27 +/- 12 years. A set of aeroallergens extracts for both indoor and outdoor allergens including fungal spores was used to test the patients. Seventy-five percent [105] of patients reacted to one or more allergen extracts. The most frequently reacting indoor allergen was house dust mite [77.8%] followed by the cat [33.6%] and cockroach [19.2%]. Among the outdoor allergens Prosopis juliflora was tested positive in 72.1%, Bermuda grass in 53.8%, Chenopodium album in 47.1%, Rye grassin 36.5% and Salsola kali in 36.5%. A significant proportion of patients were also found reacting to Moulds [18.2%] and Aspergillus fumigates [18.2%] extracts. Sensitivity to one or more aeroallergens was common in patients, indicating high level of aeroallergen sensitization inpatients with airway allergy residing in Riyadh region. epidemiology Epidemiological study of school performance and asthma medications among asthmatic Egyptian school children. Tageldin, Mohamed A.; Aly, Gamal S.; Mostafa, Salah; Khalil, Hany Ain Shams University - Medical Section of Institute of Postgraduate Childhood Studies - Chest Department Egyptian Journal of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology [The] 2009; 7 (1): 23-32 (14 ref.) Keywords: Child; Schools; Cross-Sectional Studies; Severity of Illness Index; Epidemiologic Studies; Asthma-therapy Abstract: Childhood asthma is a major health problem in Egypt and worldwide. Barriers to reducing the burden of asthma include symptom-based rather than disease-based approaches, tendency of care to be [acute] rather than [regular] and cultural attitudes towards drugs and drug delivery systems. To measure the disease effect on school performance and to map asthma medications with respect to types, routes and course of use. This cross sectional study involved 206 Cairene asthmatic school children, enrolled from the school students' health insurance facility of El- Matareya Teaching Hospital and the pediatric outpatient clinic of Saint Mark Charity Hospital representing different social classes and residential locations. Their ages ranged between 5 and 15 years and they comprised 100 males and 106 females. They were assessed clinically and by peak expiratory flowery. Parents or caregivers were interviewed about disease symptoms, school achievement and attendance and medications used including relievers and controllers, route and course of use, whether continuously, intermittently and/or during attacks. Asthma had a strong impact on school achievement and school absence; 77.3% of study population reported school absence due to asthma and 41.3% reported weak to average school achievement. School performance was associated with asthma severity; the majority of moderate asthmatics [64.6%] had average and weak school performance. Number of days of school absence demonstrated highly significant relation with asthma seventy; 43.6% of moderate asthmatics had 5-6 absent days/month and 33.4% had 3-4 absent days/month. Combined beta 2-agonists and xanthenes was the most commonly used [54.8%] reliever therapy followed by beta 2-agonists alone [44.2%] while corticosteroids were the most common controllers used [97.6%]. Therapy was taken mainly by oral than inhalation route. Other medications like cromolyns, anti-histamines, anti-leukotrienes and anti-cholinergics were rarely used. Both rectal and injection routes were rarely used also. Asthma has a social burden on asthmatic children as it affects both school achievement and school attendance. Medical management of asthma in Egyptian children still lags behind available medical knowledge. Patients' and health care givers' education is a cornerstone in improving the current status of asthma management in Egypt. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   6 Bacillus genetics Genetic fingerprints of some bacillus spp. isolates gathered from different locations at Saudi Arabia. Abed, Kawther; Hassan, Hussam Z. Riyadh University of Girls - Faculty of Education - Botany Department Arab Journal of Biotechnology 2009; 12 (1): 109-119 (21 ref.) Keywords: DNA Fingerprinting; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Electrophoresis; Bacillus-isolation and purification Abstract: Twelve Bacillus spp. isolates gathered from different locations at Saudi Arabia were finger printed by random amplified polymorphic DNA [RAPD] markers. The results revealed high levels of polymorphism among the studied isolates. Of many 10-mer random primers screened, five gave distinct and reproducible polymorphic DNA amplification patterns. The primers are A3, B6, B10, B11 and C12. The number of the generated bands was primer and genotype dependent. A total of 36 amplified polymorphic DNA bands were generated across the studied isolates with 9 bands being unique. All primers gave a number of unique bands that used for discrimination of some isolates. No primer was able to generate a unique banding pattern for all the studied isolates. However, combinations of all data derived from the RAPD profiles generated by the five utilized primers produced a unique fingerprint for each isolate. Similarity coefficients among the studied isolates were estimated after pooling all the gained data. The levels of similarity between the studied isolates showed low values. It reached the highest value of 0.938 between the two isolates N2 and M2, while the minimum value was 0.118 recorded between the two isolates M1 and W1. The generated dendrogram clustered the three isolates E1, N2 and M2 together and located W1 in a separate cluster. Bacillus thuringiensis enzymology Purification and characterization of marine Bacillus thuringiensis N2 urease. El Bessoumy, Ashraf; El Sharouny, Ebaa; Olam, Zakia; Mothana, Azal Alexandria University - Faculty of Science - Biochemistry Department EJB - Egyptian Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology [The] 2009; 27 (1): 61-78 (32 ref.) Keywords: Urease; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Chromatography, Gel; Molecular Weight; Cysteine; Methionine; Tryptophan Abstract: Urease was purified to homogeneity from Bacillus thuringiensis N2 using different purification steps namely, 55% acetone precipitation, DEAE-Sephadex ASO anion exchange column and Sephadex G120-200 gel filtration chromatography. The enzyme was purified 95.27 fold and showed a final specific activity of 10.48 U/mg proteins with a yield 56%. Sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis [SDS/PAGE] of the purified enzyme revealed a single protein band of 97.4 KDa molecular weight. The enzyme showed thermal stability at 50°C and has maximum activity at 25°C, pH 8 and incubation period of 15 min. A line weaver- a Burk analysis gave a Km of 2.94 mM and Vmax of 25 micro mol/ml/min. The urease activity was enhanced by addition of CuCl[2]. The enzyme proved to be rich in cysteine, methionine and tryptophan while it contained low amounts of glycine, alanine, and beta-alanine. Bell Palsy epidemiology Epidemiology of Bell's palsy in Isfahan, Iran. Movahedian, Bijan; Ghafoornia, Maryam; Saadatnia, Mohammad; Falahzadeh, Ahmadreza; Fateh, Ali Isfahan University of Medical Sciences - Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Neurosciences 2009; 14 (2): 186-187 (5 ref.) Keywords: Hemifacial Spasm; Diabetes Mellitus; Coronary Artery Bypass; Facial Paralysis; Retrospective Studies; Cranial Nerves; Facial Verve; Facial Nerve Diseases Benzoquinones therapeutic use Thymoquinone inhibits germination of dermatophyte arthrospores. Al Jabre, Salih Hamad M.; Randhawa, Mohammad A.; Alakloby, Omar M.; Alzahrani, Alhusain J. King Faisal University - College of Medicine - King Fahd Hospital of the University Saudi Medical Journal 2009; 30 (3): 443-445 (7 ref.) Keywords: Nigella sativa; Arthrodermataceae-isolation and purification; Trichophyton; Benzoquinones-pharmacology IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   7 beta-Thalassemia Splenectomized versus non-splenectomized thalassemia patients with thalassemia major. Morsy, Mohamed Mofeed; Hubail, Zakariya Sohag University - Sohag Faculty of Medicine - Department of Pediatrics Saudi Medical Journal 2009; 30 (3): 450 (2 ref.) Keywords: Ventricular Dysfunction-diagnosis; Splenectomy; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex Splenectomized versus non-splenectomized patients with thalassemia major. Echo- cardiographic comparison. Morsy, Mohamed Mofeed F.; Al Mendalawi, Mahmood D. Sohag University - Sohag Faculty of Medicine - Department of Pediatrics Saudi Medical Journal 2009; 30 (3): 451 (10 ref.) Keywords: Anthropometry; Splenectomy; Growth Disorders-etiology; Echocardiography blood Oxidative criteria and somebone turnover markers in beta-thalassemic patients. Abdel Maksoud, Awatif M.; Nasr, Mona Ramadan; Ramadan, Kholoud S.; Mabrouk, Naglaa Abdul Zaher; Ismaeil, Wafaa Muhammad E-mail:Kheffha@yahoo.com National Nutrition Institute - Clinical Nutrition Department EJB - Egyptian Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology [The] 2009; 27 (1): 93-106 (47 ref.) Keywords: Oxidative Stress; Osteocalcin-blood; Alkaline Phosphatase-blood; Calcium-blood; Phosphorus-blood; Malondialdehyde-blood; Nitric Acid-blood; Superoxide Dismutase-blood; Selenium; Zinc; Antioxidants; Vitamin E Abstract: Bone disease in beta-thalassemic patients has multifactorial etiology; increased iron stores and per- oxidative stress are involved factors. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between some bone turnover markers and some oxidants, antioxidants parameters of beta-thalassemic patients. The study included 50 patients were diagnosed as beta-thalassemia major aged between 3 and 40 years, 30 males and 20 females compared to 34 normal controls of same age and sex ratio. The patients and the controls were divided into 2 groups: group Al </= 18 years compared to their controls group Bl and group A2 > 18 years compared to their controls group B2. All were subjected to full clinical examination and laboratory analysis of their blood and urine for bone turnover markers; osteocalcin [OC], bone specific alkaline phosphatase [BAP] and urinary deoxypyridinoline [DPD].Also parathormone [PTH], serum calcium [Ca] and phosphorus [Ph]. Oxidants and antioxidants determined were; plasma Malondialdehyde [MDA], nitric oxide [NO], blood reduced glutathione [GSH], erythrocyte Cu- Zn Superoxide dismutase [SOD]. Serum levels of copper [Cu], zinc [Zn], selenium [Se], vitamin E and total antioxidant capacity [TAOC] were also determined. The results showed significant increase in urinary DPD and decrease in serum OC, BAP and PTH in thalassemic groups compared to controls. Also, the results revealed significant elevation in plasma MDA, NO, SOD and serum Cu and TAOC especially in group Al. While there was significant decrease in GSH, serum Zn, Se, and vitamin E. Plasma OC was positively correlated with serum iron and NO and negatively correlated with plasma TAOC in thalassemic patients within age group 3 </= 18 years. On other hand, plasma BAP level was positively correlated with the frequency of transfusion. Moreover, a significant inverse correlation of plasma PTH with blood GSH and plasma Vit.E were observed in thalassemic patients within age group 18 </= 40. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation of plasma OC with height, DPD with age and Ph. were seen too in the same group. Also, plasma DPD was negatively correlated with NO in thalassemic patients within age group 18 </= 40. In Conclusion, there are disturbance in bone turnover markers in beta-thalassemic patients which favor increased bone resorption and decreased bone formation. These markers have to some extent correlations with oxidant-antioxidant parameters in those patients. Biomedical Research methods Understanding clinical research results. Essali, Mohamed Adib E-mail:adib-essali@hotmail.com Center of Psychiatry Journal of the Arab Board of Medical Specializations 2009; 10 (1): 73-77 (5 ref.) Keywords: Statistics as Topic; Research Design; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Confidence Intervals Abstract: Most physicians are phobic of statistics and numbers and usually skip reading the "methods" and "results" sections of published papers. Moreover, a main difficulty faced by clinicians conducting research project is data analysis. Epidemiologists have developed clinically meaningful, easy to apply and to understand, methods for clinical research data analysis. These methods are briefly described in this paper which also contains a summary description of different research methods. However, this paper is not a complete reference for designing research projects. Potential researchers are referred to other resources for information about designing studies, writing study protocols and avoiding potential biases and confounders. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   8 Biomphlaria analysis Potential relation ibetween the appearance of biomphalaria alexandrina- biomphalaria glabrata hybrid in the irrigation system and the evolution of resistance to praziquntel lyeatment in Egypt. Ramzy, Fatem; William, Samia; Maher, Menerva Theodor Bilhatz Research Institute - Parasitology and Malacology Departments New Egyptian Journal of Medicine [The] 2009; 40 (1): 40-45 (24 ref.) Keywords: Biomphalaria -parasitology; Irrigation; Snails; Praziquantel-adverse effects; Drug Resistance; Mice; Schistosomiasis-complications; Schistosomiasis-drug therapy; Schistosomiasis-parasitology; Schistosomiasis- transmission; Schistosoma mansoni-drug effects Abstract: In the last decade, partial resistance to Praziquantel [PZQ] in treatment of schistosomiasis appeared in some villages in Egypt. This happened following the invasion of the irrigation system by hybrid snails of the indigenous, vector snail Biomphalaria Alexandrina and the introduced Biomphalaria glabrata. The objective of this study was to investigate if the distribution of the hybrid snails in the irrigation system represents a factor, between others, which is related to the appearance of [PZQ] resistance. Therefore, three groups of mice were infected with Schist soma mansoni cercariae obtained from infected B. Alexandrina, B. glabrata and hybrid snails. Six weeks later, the animals were treated with the usual curative dose of PZQ [500mg/kg body weight for two consecutive days] and sacrificed two weeks post-treatment. The results showed that worms reduction in the group infected with cercariae from hybrid snails was significantly less than that in the other two groups 86.1% versus 95.1% and 92.8%, respectively. The number of dead ova in the same group was also less, being 81.5% versus 97.5%, and 95.1% respectively. The numbers of ova/g liver was 56.6%, in the same group while 64.2 and 70.9 in the other two groups. The reduction in numbers of ova/g intestine was 81.9% in this group versus 86.1% and 88.4% in the other two groups. The present results give indication that the appearance of PZQ resistance against schistosomiasis in Egypt may return at least partially to the wide distribution of the hybrid Biomphalaria snails in this country. Blood Pressure Blood pressure of primary-school children of Eghbalieh city, Islamic Republic of Iran. Mahyar, A.; Ebrahemi, M.; Shahsavari, A.; Rahmani, Y. E-mail:Abolfazl473@yahoo.com Qazvin University of Medical Sciences University - Department of Paediatrics EMHJ - Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2009; 15 (6): 1449-1454 (16 ref.) Keywords: Hypertension; Prevalence; Reference Values; Students; Schools Abstract: This study determined the percentiles of systolic and diastolic blood pressure and the prevalence of hypertension among 789 primary-school children aged 7-12 years in the city of Eghbalieh, Islamic Republic of Iran. Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure increased with increasing age in both sexes. There was no significant difference between mean systolic pressure in boys and girls overall, but a significant difference was found between boys and girls in 3 age groups. The prevalence of systolic and diastolic hypertension overall was 6.5% and 12.8% respectively. The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure of boys and girls in all age groups were significantly lower than the Second Task Force on Blood Pressure Control in Children scale. Bone Substitutes therapeutic use Histological evaluation of the effects of bioglass, hydroxyapatite, or demineralized freeze-dried bone, grafted alone or as composites, on the healing of tibial defects in rabbits. Kucukkolbasi, Hasan; Mutlu, Necip; Isik, Kubilay; Celik, Ilhami; Oznurlu, Yasemin Baskent University - Faculty of Dentistry, Histology and Embryology Saudi Medical Journal 2009; 30 (3): 329-333 (25 ref.) Keywords: Ceramics-therapeutic use; Durapatite-therapeutic use; Bone Substitutes-adverse effects; Bone Transplantation; Transplantation, Heterologous; Rabbits; Tibia Abstract: To compare the effectiveness of bioactive glass [BG], natural hydroxyapatite [HA], and demineralized freeze-dried bone [DFDB] in bone defects. All animal experiments were conductedin Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey, under the Selcuk University Guidelines for Animal Experimentation, in 2005. Eighteen New Zealand rabbits were used for the experiment. Four cavities were prepared on right and left tibias. The cavities on the right tibia were filled with either BG, HA or DFDB. One cavity was left empty as a control. The cavities on the other tibial bone were grafted with HA+BG, HA+DFDB, BG+DFDB and HA+BG+DFDB composites. Histological examinations were performed at first, third, and sixth postoperative months. According to histomorphometric findings, the mixture containing HA+BG+DFDB obtained the best histological results [p < 0.05]. The composite graft of HA, BG and DFDB is more effective than when used as individual agents. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   9 Bottle Feeding Faecal contamination of feeding bottles contents, among artificially fed children. Musa, H.A.; Holi, M.A.; Hussein, M.E.; Shikeiri, A.B. National Ribat University - Department of Microbiology Sudan Journal of Medical Sciences 2009; 4 (2): 133-135 (23 ref.) Keywords: Food Contamination; Feces; Bacteria; Diarrhea; Child; Escherichia coli-isolation and purification; Shigella- isolation and purification; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Combination; Amoxicillin- Potassium Clavulanate Combination; Infant Food; Bottle Feeding Abstract: This study was carried out to investigate the bacterial contamination of feeding bottles contents in artificially fed children presenting with diarrhoea at the Paediatric outpatient clinic in Khartoum Hospital. Hundred bottle-fed infants presenting with diarrhoea were included in the study. Specimens were collected from the contents of the feeding bottles and the faeces of children. Hundred and ten bacterial species were isolated from the contents. E. coli was the commonest isolate [33 [30%]]. Different other bacterial species were also isolated with very high-count [1X10[6] - > 15X10[5]/ml]. Twenty-one enteric pathogens were isolated from the stool specimens [Enter pathogenic E. coli [7] and Shigella species [14]]. The antibiotic sensitivity of the E. coli and Shigella species showed high resistance to co-trimoxazole [57.5%, 53.3% respectively] and to co-amoxiclav [85% - 53.3% respectively]. Awareness to the hazards of the feeding bottles among the community should be raised and breast feeding should be encouraged. Brain Abscess radiography Disproportionate correlation between imaging and outcome in an infant with cerebral abscess. Tabatabaeifar, S.M.; Seddighi, A.; Seddighi, A.S. E-mail:invincible19152@yahoo.com Shahld Beheshti Medical University - Shohada Hospital IJCN - Iranian Journal of Child Neurology 2009; 3 (1): 67-70 (17 ref.) Keywords: Brain Abscess-surgery; Brain Abscess-drug therapy; Treatment Outcome; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Cerebrospinal Fluid-microbiology; Infant Abstract: Brain abscesses represent organized foci of suppuration within the parenchyma. Here we report a 3 month- old girl with a very huge complicated cerebral abscess, and the course of treatment given. The patient's recovery was excellent. The follow up MRI showed only subtleporencephalic changes as the only parenchymal sequelae, which may be due to CNS plasticity in infants. Brain Neoplasms diagnosis Unusual radiological characteristics of teratoid/rhabdoid brain tumor in children. Nsoor, Nariman E-mail:narimannsour@yahoo.com King Hussein Medical Centre - Department of Radiology Sudan Journal of Medical Sciences 2009; 4 (2): 195-198 (10 ref.) Keywords: Rhabdoid Tumor-diagnosis; Teratoma-diagnosis; Radiography; Infant, Newborn; Central Nervous System; Diagnosis, Differential; World Health Organization; Immunohistochemistry; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Tomography, Spiral Computed; Medulloblastoma Abstract: We report a case of atypical teratoid rhabdoid brain tumor is a 4 months old male child, who presented with unusual radiological findings that can be confused with other brain tumors, sowe highlight these unusual imaging features to aid in making correct diagnosis. Breast Neoplasms Female nurses and breast self-examination: can they play a role in early detection of breast cancer? Abu Salem, Osama; Hassan, Montaha Abdulla E-mail:osama65@gmail.com Royal Medical Services Jordan Medical Journal 2009; 43 (1): 55-60 (12 ref.) Keywords: Early Detection of Cancer; Nurse's Role; Breast Self-Examination; Questionnaires Abstract: In the past 20 years, breast cancer incidence in the world has had a dramatic increase of 50-100%, which strongly supports the need for breast cancer prevention, and screening programs .The purpose of this study was to identify and investigate the knowledge and practice of breast self-examination [BSE]. In addition to examining the factors influencing the compliance of [BSE] among female nurses as nurses can promote monthly BSE. The study was conducted in the period between January and December 2002. [80] Female nurses from Prince Rashid Military Hospital constituted the study population. The questionnaire contained items on the demographic characteristics of the respondents, knowledge of breast cancer, attitudes toward BSE and questions regarding the practice of BSE. The analysis included descriptive statistics to examine the association between BSE and the person's medical history, knowledge of BSE and attitudes toward BSE. The results of the study indicated that 52% of the sample studied IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   10 performs BSE. Approximately, 30% of those who perform BSE said they learned information regarding BSE during their work experience. A significant correlation was found between higher levels in work experience and BSE practice. Except for age, no significant correlation was found between the socio-demographic factors and BSE practice. The sample showed a strong belief in breast lump as a causing factor of breast cancer and this had a significant correlation with BSE practice. Positive correlation was found between nurses work experience and their practice of BSE as working nurses. Studies like these can enhance the knowledge regarding BSE among nurses and other medical professionals. diagnosis Diagnosis of breast cancer: is there any protocol which is applicable worldwide? Musa M.I, Mohamed T.; Khair, Randa Z.A. E-mail:toumandrandaatlas@hotmail.com University of Khartoum - Department of Surgery Sudan Journal of Medical Sciences 2009; 4 (2): 157-161 (21 ref.) Keywords: Pathology; Cytology; Prospective Studies; Sensitivity and Specificity; Female; Ultrasonography, Mammary; Mammography; Biopsy, Fine-Needle Abstract: To study the accuracy of cytopathology and to evaluate it as diagnostic pathological tool in breast diseases. A prospective study in the period between Jan. 2006 and Feb. 2008. Data were analysed using the SPSS. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were calculated and compared to literature. Total number of reports was 542, 271 for each cytopathology and histopathology. The overall mean age was 41.0 + 15.3 [ranging between 14- 80] years. The overall sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of cytopathology were 56.1, 80.9 and 63.8% respectively while those of histopathology were 93.5, 83.5 and 89.7% respectively. FNAC has low sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. epidemiology Epidemiology of breast cancer in the Islamic Republic of Iran: first results from a population- based cancer registry. Sadjadi, A.; Nouraie, M.; Ghorbani, A.; Alimohammadian, M.; Malekzadeh, R. Tehran University of Medical Sciences - Shariati Hospital - Digestive Disease Research Centre EMHJ - Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2009; 15 (6): 1426-1431 (24 ref.) Keywords: Registries; Population; Retrospective Studies; Incidence; Health Surveys; Age Distribution Abstract: This study presents the first population-based report on breast cancer in the Islamic Republic of Iran using data derived from a cancer registry. A retrospective study was conducted to find all new breast cancer cases in 5 provinces covered by the cancer registry during the 5-year period 1996-2000. There were 2421 cases recorded in the 5 registries. The age-standardized incidence rate [ASR] was 16.2 per 100 000 person-years. In contrast to more developed countries, the ASR of breast cancer was low, with the lowest rate seen in Ardabil province. genetics Multiparametric flow cytometric analysis of estrogen receptor: a study on Egyptian breast cancer patients. El Khayat, Zakaria A.; El Gerzawi, Shadia M.; Hosny, Omneya M.S.; Sidhom, Gloria G.; Zaghloul, Ashraf S.; El Deftar, Mervat M.; El Toukhy, Safinaz E. Medical Biochemistry - Department National Research Center [NRC] EJB - Egyptian Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology [The] 2009; 27 (1): 31-46 (44 ref.) Keywords: Cytogenetic Analysis; Flow Cytometry; Receptors, Estrogen; Immunohistochemistry; Prognosis; Receptors, Progesterone Abstract: Precise prognostication of breast cancer based on immunohistochemical features is a challenging assay. Thus, there is a need for more sophisticated prognostic determinants. This work aims to investigate the sensitivity of flow cytometry for the accurate evaluation of steroid receptor positive, tumor cells in formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue sections. These sections from forty breast cancer patients were subjected to multi-parametric flow cytometric analysis for simultaneous assessment of estrogen receptor and DNA content analysis as well as immunohistochemical staining for steroid receptors. Moreover, tumor markers were estimated in the preoperable sera of these patients. About fifty-seven percent of tumors were aneuploid. Seven tumors were interpreted positive for ER by FCM and negative by IHC. Flow cytometric results were confirmed by the traditional prognostic factors. Higher levels of insulin- like growth factor-1 occurred predominantly in aneuploid tumors with lymph nodal metastasis and positively immunostained for both estrogen and progesterone receptors. Multiparametric flow cytometric analysis may allows the detection of specific subset of patients that would otherwise escapes detection. Breast Self-Examination Comparing the effect of teaching breast self-examination by peers and health care personnel on students knowledge and attitude. Akbarzadeh, M.; Zangiabadi, M.; Moattari, M.; Tabatabaei, H. E-mail:akbarzadehmarzieh@yahoo.com Fars University of Medical Sciences - School of Nursing and Midwifery of Hazrate Fatemeh - Department of Midwifery IJME - Iranian Journal of Medical Education 2009; 8 (2): 195-203 (29 ref.) IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   11 Keywords: Health Personnel; Education; Students; Knowledge; Attitude; Breast Neoplasms Abstract: Training breast self-examination by peers provides an appropriate situation in order to form proper health behaviors during the adolescence age. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of training breast self- examination by peers and health care personnel on students' knowledge and attitude. In this quasi-experimental study, 112 students from two schools of dentistry and management of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences were selected randomly and were allocated in two groups. They were taken a pre-test and two post-tests. Data gathering tool was an assessment test evaluating their knowledge about breast cancer and self-examination and their attitude toward breast self-examination. Four or five students from each class were selected and trained as peer instructors. Students of the first group were trained by peers and the students in the second group were instructed by health care personnel separately using booklet. At the end of educational sessions, the first post-test, and after 6 weeks, the second post-test were taken. Statistical analysis was performed using paired t-test and independent t-test, repeated measure ANOVA, and factor analysis test. There was a significant difference between knowledge and attitude scores of the two groups immediately after education, so that, the mean score of knowledge in the group trained by peers was higher than the one educated by health care personnel. But, no significant difference was observed between the attitude scores of the two groups, 6 weeks after education. Comparing the knowledge and attitude scores, before, immediately after and 6 weeks after education showed a significant difference in each group. The efficacy of training breast self-examination by peers is higher than by health care personnel. It is recommended to employ this educational method more, especially in training self-examination. Burning Mouth Syndrome drug therapy The effect of citalopram and colonazpam on burning mouth syndrome. Ebrahimi, H.; Pourshahidi, S.; Tadbir, A. Andisheh E-mail:hooman.ebrahimi@yahoo.com Shiraz University of Medical Sciences - School of Dentistry - Department of Oral Medicine Journal of Dentistry - Shiraz University of Medical Sciences 2009; 9 (Supp.): 31-34 (24 ref.) Keywords: Citalopram-therapeutic use; Clonazepam-therapeutic use; Antidepressive Agents; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Cross-Sectional Studies; Disease Management; Pain Measurement Abstract: Psychosocial factors are thought to play a role in burning mouth syndrome [BMS] and several therapeutic approaches for BMS are based on this consideration. This paper evaluated the efficacy of the combined systemic administration of citalopram and clonazepam, as anti-depressant and anti-anxiety drugs, in the management of burning mouth syndrome and reduction of the burning sensation. In this cross-sectional study, 80 subjects suffering from idiopathic burning mouth syndrome were enrolled. The patients underwent a thorough clinical examination. Oral symptoms before and after treatment were assessed using a Visual Analogue Scale. The mean duration of burning in our patients was 7 months. Systemic combination of citalopram [20 mg/daily] and clonazpam [0.25 mg/daily] was prescribed for all of them for 8 weeks. Then, the data were analysed, using Student's t-test. Of the 62 patients who completed the protocol, 38 reported complete remission of the oral burning sensation. However, 20 patients reported a little improvement, and four of them reported no improvement. These data suggest that citaloperam with colonazpam is effective in patients with BMS. Candidiasis, Chronic Mucocutaneous diagnosis Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis associated with osteogenesis imperfecta: a case report. Pakfetrat, A.; Sanatkhani, M.; Bidram, F.; Baghaee, B. Mashhad University of Medical Science - School of Dentistry, Dental Research Center - Department of Oral Medicine Journal of Dentistry - Shiraz University of Medical Sciences 2009; 9 (Supp.): 41-44 (8 ref.) Keywords: Osteogenesis Imperfect a-diagnosis; Dentin genesis Imperfect a-diagnosis; Radiography, Panoramic Abstract: A male patient aged 6.5 years [patient No.1] is reported with chief complaint of white lesions in his mouth from birth, which was finally diagnosed as chronic mucocutaneous candidacies [CMC]. Clinical, radio graphical and histopathological examinations revealed dentin genesis imperfect a associated with Osteogenesis imperfect a in both the patient and his sister [patient No.2]. The importance of early diagnosis and treatment of both diseases is discussed in this report. Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases blood Serum arylesterase activity is negatively correlated with inflammatory markers in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Senturk, Tunay; Sarandol, Emre; Gullulu, Sumeyye; Erdinc, Selda; Ozdabakoglu, Osman; Ozdemir, Bulent; Baran, Ibrahim; Arslan, Sinan; Aydinlar, Ali E-mail:tunaysenturk@hotmail.com Uludag University - School of Medicine - Department of Cardiology Saudi Medical Journal 2009; 30 (3): 334-339 (30 ref.) IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   12 Keywords: Aryldialkylphosphatase-blood; Acute Coronary Syndrome-diagnosis; Myocardial Infarction; Angina, Unstable; Acute-Phase Proteins; C-Reactive Protein; Oxidative Stress; Cross-Sectional Studies Abstract: To examined whether serum paraoxonase [PON1] and aryl esterase [ARE] activities are correlated with inflammatory biomarkers [procalcitonin and high sensitivity C-reactive protein [hs-CRP] in patients with acute coronary syndrome [ACS]. This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Departments of Cardiology and Biochemistry, Uludag University School of Medicine, Bursa, Turkey, from April 2007 to December 2007. Seventy-eight consecutive patients with ACS and 39 healthy controls were investigated. Acute coronary syndrome patients were divided into 3 groups according to their clinical presentation: unstable angina pectoris [UAP][Braunwald III-B, n=25], non-ST elevation myocardial infarction [NSTEMI] [n=18], and ST-elevation myocardial infarction [STEMI] [n=35]. Serum PON1/ARE activities were measured spectrophotometrically. Levels of procalcitonin and hs-CRP were measured by immunoassay. Paraoxonase/ARE activities were significantly lower in all patient groups compared to controls. Nocorrelation between PON1/ARE activities and high-density-cholesterol levels was seen. Among ACS patients, serum ARE activity correlated inversely with baseline and 48-hour procalcitonin [r=-0.577, p=0.009, and r=-0.642, p=0.019] and hs-CRP levels [r=-0.614, p=0.03, and r=-0.719, p=0.044]. Serum ARE activity is reduced in ACS patients and inversely correlated with inflammatory markers. Carcinoid Tumor complications Small bowel obstruction caused by a carcinoid tumour. El Shallaly, Gamal E.H.A.; Jelli, Kawther A. E-mail:gamalshallaly@hotmail.com Alzaem Alazhari University - Department of Surgery Sudan Journal of Medical Sciences 2009; 4 (2): 199-203 (11 ref.) Keywords: Intestinal Obstruction-diagnosis; Intestine, Small; Appendicitis; Cholecystitis; Irritable Bowel Syndrome- diagnosis; Carcinoid Tumor-diagnosis; Carcinoid Tumor-therapy; Abdominal Pain Abstract: We present a rare case of carcinoid tumour presenting as a small bowel obstruction in a young male patient. Pitfalls of diagnosis, including confusion with irritable bowel syndrome are highlighted. The current management strategies of this tumour are reviewed. Carcinoma, Acinar Cell diagnosis Acinic cell carcinoma of the salivary glands: a literature review. Al Zaher, Nabil; Obeid, Amani; Al Salam, Suhail; Al Kayyali, Bassam Sulaaiman E-mail:nalzaher@hotfnail.com King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre - Department of Otolaryngoiogy Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Therapy 2009; 2 (1): 259-264 (59 ref.) Keywords: Carcinoma, Acinar Cell-epidemiology; Carcinoma, Acinar Cell-surgery; Salivary Gland Neoplasms; Parotid Gland-radiation effects; Parotid Neoplasms; Risk Factors; Biopsy, Fine-Needle; Radiotherapy; Neoplasm Metastasis; World Health Organization; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Magnetic Resonance Imaging Abstract: Acinic cell carcinoma [ACC] is a low-grade malignant salivary neoplasm that constitutes approximately 17% of primary salivary gland malignancies. In the head and neck region, the parotid gland is the predominant site of origin and women are usually more frequently diagnosed than men. Previous radiation exposure and familial predisposition are some of the risk factors for ACC. A slowly enlarging mass lesion in the tail of the parotid gland is the most frequent presentation. The diagnosis is usually confirmed with a fine needle aspiration biopsy, and surgical excision is the main treatment of this malignant neoplasm. Other treatment modalities such as radiotherapy may be indicated in some cases. ACC has a significant tendency to recur, to produce metastases [cervical lymph nodes and lungs], and may have an aggressive evolution. Therefore, long-term follow-up is mandatory after treatment. Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor drug therapy Effect of anticancer drugs on genomic DNA and chromosomes in Ehrlich ascites tumor bearing female mice. Hussein, Mona H.; Teleb, Zakaria A.; Mogheib, Reda A.; Ibrahim, Maged I. Cairo University - Faculty of Agriculture - Department of Genetics Arab Journal of Biotechnology 2009; 12 (1): 13-25 (39 ref.) Keywords: Anticarcinogenic Agents; Cisplatin; Vinblastine; Mice; Lipid Peroxidation; Glutathione; Chromosome Aberrations; Oxidative Stress; Genomics; DNA Abstract: The antioxidant activity, DNA damage and chromosomal aberrations were studied under the effect of cis- diaminedichloro platinum [CDDP] and vinblastine sulphate [VLB] in Ehrlich ascites tumor bearing female mice. The two doses of CDDP and VLB were found to decrease the hepatic glutahione [GSH] content and total protein. Lipid peroxidation [MDA] increased significantly in the first and second weeks of administration compared to the control. Also, losses in body and liver weights were observed. Genomic DNA concentration was decreased by CDDP and VLB IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   13 to 15.0%, 32.0%, 22.0% and 43.5%, respectively, DNA banding pattern of liver tissue on agarose gel [1.3%] electrophoresis was found compared to control. Serum protein banding pattern under the effect of the two drugs SDS- PAGE was observed clearly after 2 weeks of administration, but not after the first week. The percentage of total chromosomal numerical aberrations of bone marrow cells were significantly increased for CDDP and VLB to 304.8%, 457.1%, 238.1% and 290.5%, respectively. Also the percentages of total chromosomal structural aberrations of bone marrow cells were significantly increased to 372.7%, 581.8%, 101.0% and 150.0%, respectively in the second week. The effect of these drugs was dose-dependent. It is concluded that these anticancer drugs are harmful and precaution should be considered when administrated in human. Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung therapy Improved compliance with adjuvant vinorelbine and cisplatin in non-small cell lung cancer. Aljubran, Ali; Leighl, Natasha; Pintilie, Melania; Burkes, Ronald E-mail:ajubran@kfshrc.edu.sa King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre - Department of Oncology, MBC 64 Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Therapy 2009; 2 (1): 265-271 (24 ref.) Keywords: Chemotherapy, Adjuvant-adverse effects; Cisplatin-therapeutic use; Cisplatin-adverse effects; Vinblastine- analogs and derivatives; Patient Compliance-statistics and numerical data; Neutropenia; Retrospective Studies Abstract: Poor compliance has been a common feature in clinical trials of adjuvant chemotherapy for NSCLC with only 48% to 69% of patients completing all planned cycles. We retrospectively evaluated compliance and toxicity of platinum-based chemotherapy in the 2 years following recent reports of successful adjuvant chemotherapy trials for NSCLC. Patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy after complete resection of NSCLC between May 2003 and May 2005 were analyzed retrospectively. Patient demographics, ECOG status, stage, pathologic subtype and type of surgery were recorded. The number of chemotherapy cycles, delays, dose reducttions and change of chemotherapy were reported. Fifty patients were identified. The median age was 62 years [38% stage I, 18% stage II, 30% stage III and 14% had multiple primary tumors of variable stages]. Twenty percent were ECOG PS2; Only 12% had undergone pneumonectomy. Forty-one patients [82%] started cisplatin/vinorelbine [three switched to carboplatin because of nephrotoxicity, and one switched to carboplatin/paclitaxel because of fatigue and vomiting]. Three patients received other cisplatin-based combinations; six received carboplatin-based treatment [one each because of advanced age and cardiac dysfunction and 4 because of preexisting neuropathy]. Eighty percent completed all treatment; 40% required a dose reduction and 58% required delays in treatment. Six events of febrile neutropenia were reported in 5 patients and 5 patients required admission for toxicity. There were no toxic deaths. Multivariate analysis showed no effect of age, gender, extent of surgery or ECOG status on compliance, need for treatment modification or toxicity. Compared to historical trials, adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy for resected NSCLC is now accepted by patients and physicians with a high degree of compliance. Career Choice Psychometric properties of a persian version of the specialty indecision scale: a Preliminary study. Hadadgar, A.; Yousefie, A.R.; Sabouri, M.; Richard, G. E-mail:hadadgar@edc.mui.ac.ir Isfahan University of Medical Sciences - Educational Development Center - Department of Medical Education IJME - Iranian Journal of Medical Education 2009; 8 (2): 229-237 (17 ref.) Keywords: Decision Making; Psychometrics; Students, Medical; Translating; Questionnaires; Cross-Sectional Studies Abstract: Diagnosis and management of specialty choice indecision is an important part of career guidance and support for medical students. Determining causes of indecision and resolving them helps students to make an optimum decision. The aim of this study was to determine the psychometric properties of a Persian version of the specialty indecision scale as an on-line questionnaire for medical student and graduates of Isfahan University of medical sciences, and also to determine the attitude of the participants towards this questionnaire. In this cross-sectional study, using Richard's specialty indecision questionnaire, the Iranian version of the questionnaire for clinical specialty indecision was developed. Face validity and cultural validity were confirmed by educational experts, and translation, back translation method, respectively. Then, the participants completed the online version of the questionnaire. Afterward, the questionnaire's items were factor analyzed. At the end, Subjects were asked about the questionnaire [clarity of the questionnaire, attractiveness of the website, user friendliness of the questionnaire, number of personal questions]. Fifty eight subjects participated in this study. The reliability of the questionnaire was acceptable [0.84]. Two questions were omitted and five were revised. Items were grouped in 4 factors [general indecisiveness, postponing, barriers, and lack of determination] one of which [barriers] was similar to the American version. The subjects were also satisfied with online questionnaire and 100% of them thought completion of the tool was useful. This study showed that conducting a web based specialty indecision questionnaire is possible. It had differences with the American version both in number of factors and the items placement. These differences are justifiable in terms of the differences in cultural backgrounds and residency admission processes in the two countries. Also, lack of attention to translating the questions and inadequacy of sample size could be other reasons for these differences. With regard to the fact that there are no career counselors in Iranian universities, operating a web based career guidance system, along with introducing a counselor, may help medical students in specialty choice decision making. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   14 Carnitine therapeutic use Effect of L-carnitine on serum lipid profile in Iraqi diabetics. Al Farha, Manal Abd Al Monim; Bashi, Ahmed Yahya Dallal University of Mosul - College of Pharmacy - Department of Medical Pharmacy JBMS - Journal of the Bahrain Medical Society 2009; 21 (1): 212-216 (43 ref.) Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus; Lipids-blood; Triglycerides; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Dietary Supplements Abstract: To assess the effect of L-carnitine administration, as an additional useful supplement, on serum lipid profile in type 2 diabetics. Fifty-four patients [32 males, 22 females] aged 25-70 years, with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were attending Al-Waffa Diabetic Clinic, Mosul, lraq; during the period from 1[st] October 200s to 31st March 2006 were included in this study. L-carnitine was given to each of these diabetics for 45 days in a dose of 550 mg, in form of tablets in two doses orally, in addition to their other hypoglycaemic drugs. Blood samples were taken from each patient for the measurement of serum triglyceride [TG], total cholesterol [TC], high density lipoprotein-choiesteroi [HDL-C], and calculation of low density lipoprotein-cholesterol [LDL-C], Non-HDL-C and TC: HDL-C [atherogenic index, Al]. Four measurements were taken: before the first administration of L-carnitine, then after 15, 30 and 45 days from the commencement of the study. Mean TC showed a significant decrease [p < 0.001] between the four intervals with a mean of 8.55 mmol/L before starting L-carnitine administration, and 6.47, 5.99 and 5.5 mmol/L after 15,30 and 45 days respectively from the commencement of the study. There is also a significant decrease [p < 0.001] in 16 between these four intervals with means of 2.17 mmol/L before administrating L-carnitine, and 1.81,1.55 and 1.41 mmol/L after 15,30 and 45 days from the commencement of the study respectively. In addition, a significant increase [p < 0.001] in HDL-C was found between these four intervals with means of 1.25 mmol/L before administrating L-carnitine, and 1.44, 1.71 and 1.56 mmoi/L after 15,30 and 45 days from starting carnitine administration respectively. The Al was also significantly decreased [p < 0.001] with a mean of 7.72 before of administration of carnitine and 3 after finishing the period of 45 days from carnitine administration. The LDL-C was significantly decrease [p < 0.001] with a mean of 6.88 mmol/L before administering L-carnitine, and 4.21, 3.73 and 3.45 mmol/L after 15, 30 and 45 days from the commencement of the study respectively. The Non-HDL-C was significantly decreased [p < 0.001] with a mean of 7.17 mmol/L before starting carnitine administration and 3.83 mmol/L after 45 day from starting carnitine administration. L- carnitine can be useful as an additional dietary supplement and pharmaceutical agent that has an improving effect on serum lipid profile in type 2 diabetics. Caseins The clinical applications of tooth mousse[TM] and other CPP-ACP products in caries prevention: evidence-based recommendations. Al Batayneh, Ola.B. E-mail:olabt@hotmail.com Jordan University of Science and Technology [JUST] - Faculty of Dentistry - Department of Preventive Dentistry Smile Dental Journal 2009; 4 (1): 8-12 (26 ref.) Keywords: Dental Caries-prevention and control; Tooth Remineralization; Evidence-Based Dentistry; Milk; Diet, Cariogenic; Dairy Products Abstract: Casein phosphor-peptides-amorphous calcium phosphate [CPP-ACP] products have been widely used in the field of preventive dentistry. CPP exerts its main effect through binding and stabilizing calcium and phosphate ions [ACP] in an amorphous, non-crystalline state where they can enter enamel and enhance demineralization. The following article presents a background on these products, in addition to the scientific rationale behind their anti- cariogenic mechanisms and a great deal of useful evidence-based clinical applications. Catha adverse effects Effect of chewing khat in changing circadian rhythm for acute myocardial infarction patients in Sana'a city and it's role as a risk factor foracute myocardiac infarction in Yemen. Al Aghbari, Khaled; Al Selwi, Abd Al Hafid; Askar, Faiza S. E-mail:Dr_Khaled_Alahbari@yahoo.com Sana'a University - Department of Medicine Journal of the Arab Board of Medical Specializations 2009; 10 (1): 28-33 (18 ref.) Keywords: Myocardial Infarction-etiology; Myocardial Infarction-diagnosis; Hypertension-complications; Obesity- complications; Hyperlipidemias-complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Body Mass Index; Smoking-adverse effects; Circadian Rhythm-drug effects; Prospective Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Risk Factors Abstract: Although the risk factors for acute MI were studied thoroughly in different countries worldwide, few studies in our country had been done, and cover only limited aspects of acute myocardial infarction [MI], for this reason we start this study to determine the general characters and risk factors of Yemeni patients presented with acute [MI]; and to highlight on the possible role of Khat chewing as potential risk factor for [MI] in our country in addition to its possible effect in changing its circadian rhythm. The study was prospective; hospital based descriptive study including all patients admitted with the diagnosis of acute MI to the 3 main general hospitals in Sana'a city in the period from 1 IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   15 October 2005 to 30 September 2006. Name, age, gender, residence, habits, time of onset of chest pain and previous history or family history of ischemic heart disease [IHD] was taken. Body mass index [BMI] and blood pressure were recorded, fasting lipid profile and blood sugar were measured. The data was collected and then analyzed using SPSS system. During the study period, 264 patients were admitted with a mean age of 50 years, all of them were married with predominant male gender 84%. Risk factors observed in our study were Khat chewing in 90.15%, smoking in 72%, hypertension in 21%, obesity in 15.96%, hyperlipidemia in 27%, diabetes mellitus [DM] in 24% and past history of ischemic heart disease was found in 13%. We notice that the onset of chest pain in most of our patients was in the afternoon 34% and early night hours 24%, which is opposite to the usual circadian rhythm of acute Ml in other parts of the world which is predominant in the early morning. Yemeni patients sustained acute MI are younger than western people or even other Arab countries. Common risk factors as hypertension, DM and hyperlipidemia were noticed only in minority of our patients. Smoking is a common risk factor after Khat chewing habit which was proposed as new risk factor. Circadian rhythm of acute MI in Yemen is differing from other part of the world. Catheterization, Central Venous utilization Percutaneous central venous catheterization in children, is it efficient? Sarayrah, Majed; Habaibeh, Emad; Nabulsi, Basem; Al Nsoor, Nariman; Khreisha, Hussein; Sboo, Ibraheem E-mail:drmajedsar@hotmail.com King Hussein Medical Center - Department of General Surgery Sudan Journal of Medical Sciences 2009; 4 (2): 147-152 (30 ref.) Keywords: Child; Retrospective Studies; Intensive Care Units; Demography; Catheterization-adverse effects; Pneumothorax; Infection; Treatment Outcome Abstract: To evaluate the frequent use of percutaneous central venous catheters [CVCs] in pediatric age group. Retrospectively we reviewed the records of all children that had percutaneous CVCs in the pediatric surgical ward and pediatric intensive care unit at King Hussein Medical Center between January 2007 and December 2007 [one year]. Patients were evaluated with respect to their age, gender, catheter type, indication for CVC insertion, site of CVC insertion. The duration of catheter use and eventual complications were also taken into consideration. A total of 120 percutaneous CVCs were inserted in 104 children. Patient age ranged from one day to 14 years. The average catheter insertion time was 12.5 days. We noted 66 [18.8%] CVC- related complications. Complications related to percutaneous CVCs insertion were malposition of catheter [5.4%] and pneumothorax [0.9%]. Occlusion of CVCs [4.3%], catheter related bloodstream infections [CRBI] [4.0%], dislodgment [3.7%] and catheter damage [0.6%] were complications associated with length of CVCs use. We conclude that percutaneous central venous catheterization is a safe and efficient procedure that can be done at bedside with minimal complications in pediatric age group. Cell Physiological Phenomena Secret of healthy living in a hostile world. Hegde, Belle M. E-mail:hegdebm@gmail.com Manipal University KMJ - Kuwait Medical Journal 2009; 41 (2): 91-92 (8 ref.) Keywords: Medical Errors; Evidence-Based Medicine; HSP70 Heat-Shock Protiens Cerebellar Diseases diagnosis The patterns of clinical presentations of cerebellar syndromes among adult Sudanese patients. Hussein, Abbashar; Mohamed, Adam; Younis, Ali; Eltoum, H.A.; Sidig, A.; Khalfalla, K.; Al adil, O.; Hammad, A.; Malk, M.; El Tahir, Ammar; Gadour, M.O.H. E-mail:abbashar99@yahoo.com University of Khartoum - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Medicine Sudan Journal of Medical Sciences 2009; 4 (2): 117-121 (35 ref.) Keywords: Nervous System Diseases; Cerebellar Diseases-etiology; Prospective Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Signs and Symptoms; Adult; Gait Disorders, Neurologic; Ataxia; Cerebellar Ataxia; Dysarthria; Nystagmus, Pathologic Abstract: Cerebellar syndromes are one of the commonest neurological diseases. To study the patterns of clinical presentations of cerebellar syndromes and to identify the possible causes. This is a prospective hospital based, cross- sectional study. One hundred adult Sudanese patients with cerebellar syndromes were included in the study during the period from January 2006 -January 2007. The most common age group affected was 18-25 years. Male to female ratio was 1.5: 1; unsteadiness on walking was the most common symptom [83%]. Gait-ataxia was the most common sign [83%]. Cerebrovascular disease was the most common a etiology [25%]. Cerebellar syndromes are not rare in Sudan. However, they were diagnosed more commonly at the central regions of the country probably because of more awareness of patients and better facilities for diagnosis. The age of onset, the male predominance, the presentation and clinical findings were not different from reported literature. This also goes for the common causes apart from alcohol which is a strikingly rare as a cause in this study and could be accounted for the implementation of Elshariya [Islamic laws] Laws in Sudan. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   16 Cerebral Hemorrhage epidemiology Intracerebral hemorrhage. Bahou, Yacoub G. E-mail:jacobbahou419@hotmail.com Jordan University Hospital - Neurology Section Neurosciences 2009; 14 (2): 152-157 (51 ref.) Keywords: Cerebral Hemorrhage-diagnosis; Cerebral Hemorrhage-therapy; Cerebral Hemorrhage-mortality; Hypertension; Aspirin-adverse effects; Warfarin-adverse effects; Hemiplegia; Headache; Vomiting; Basal Granglia; Prevalence; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Treatment Outcome; Stroke; Retrospective Studies Abstract: To study intracerebral hemorrhage [ICH] at Jordan University Hospital [JUH] with the aim of assessing prevalence, age/gender distribution, causes, clinical manifestations, and location of ICH on CT brain, treatment modalities and outcome, and to compare these findings with those from Middle Eastern and Western literature. Among 1498 patients with stroke seen over a 6-year-period, from January 2002 to December 2007 at JUH, Amman, Jordan, 100 patients with spontaneous ICH were studied retrospectively. The prevalence of ICH was 6.7%. The mean age was 61 years, with 71 males, and 29 females. The most common cause was hypertension, alone or combined with the use of aspirin and/or warfarin. The most common clinical manifestations were hemiparesis/plegia, impaired level of consciousness [mean Glasgow coma scale [GCS] score = 7.3] and headache/vomiting. The most common location on CT brain was in the basal ganglia [61 patients]. Seventy-nine patients received medical treatment and 21 had surgery. Forty-two patients died after a mean of 7 days [ranging from one day to 6 weeks]. The factors related to mortality were old age >68 years, GCS < 8, intraventricular extension of ICH on CT brain and the presence of other co-morbidities. Among 58 survivors, 50 were left with neurological deficit, predominantly hemiparesis/plegia in 46 patients. Twelve patients were left with chronic epilepsy. This study shows a lower prevalence of ICH compared to developed countries, a similar age and gender distribution, and hypertension as the major risk factor, which should be the focus of public health in Jordan and the Arab World. Cerebral Palsy therapy Effect of sensory integration therapy on gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy. Shamsoddini, A.R.; Hollisaz, M.T. E-mail:alirezaot@yahoo.com Baqiyatallah university of Medical Sciences - Medical Faculty - Occupational Therapy Department IJCN - Iranian Journal of Child Neurology 2009; 3 (1): 43-48 (26 ref.) Keywords: Cerebral Palsy-epidemiology; Motor Skills; Physical Therapy Modalities; Child Abstract: The primary problem in children with cerebral palsy [CP], frequently referred for occupational therapy, is gross motor dysfunction. The current study was designed to investigate the effects of sensory integration therapy [SIT] on gross motor skills in CP patients. Twenty-four children with diplegic spastic CP were randomly divided into two groups: First group [n=14,6 girls, 8 boys], age range 2 to 6 years, mean age 3.9 years; the second or control group [n=10,5 girls, 5 boys], age range 2 to 6 years, mean age 3.4 years. SIT training was given to the first group and only the home program was given for the second group. All children were evaluated with gross motor function measurement [GMFM 88] for rolling, sitting, crawling, standing and walking position before and after intervention. Treatment duration for both groups was 1 hour, 5 days per week for a period of 12 weeks. Gross motor function in children of the case group improved significantly better that in the control group, after intervention in sitting [P=0.02], crawling [P=0.001] and standing [P=0.03] positions; however no significant difference was seen in rolling [P=0.65] and walking [P=0.69] ability assessment. This study showed the beneficial effects of the SIT training program for children with CP; the SIT intervention had a significantly positive effect on gross motor function in the children with diplegic spastic CP. Moreover the results of the present study showed that sensory integration and vestibular stimulation were effective in children with cerebral palsy. Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts adverse effects Ventriculo-sagittal sinus shunt malfunction. Causes of failure, avoidance, and alternatives. Elwatidy, Sherif M. E-mail:smfwat@yahoo.com King Saud University - College of Medicine - Division of Neurosurgery Neurosciences 2009; 14 (2): 172-174 (8 ref.) Keywords: Cerebral Ventricles; Superior Sagittal Sinus; Hydrocephalus; Brain Stem Infarctions; Ventricul operitoneal Shunt; Catheters, Indwelling; Magnetic Resonance Angiography; Heart atria; Thoracoscopes Abstract: This case report highlights causes of failure of the ventriculo-sagittal sinus [V-S] shunt and precautions to avoid them. We present, a 14-year-old girl, a case of post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus with multiple revisions of ventriculo-peritoneal [V-P] and ventriculo-atrial [V-A] shunts. She developed malfunctioned V-S shunt, and ventriculitis that was complicated with massive cerebellar and brain stem infarction and the patient died. To avoid malfunction, a IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   17 cardiac catheter with side slits should be used, magnetic resonance angiography is recommended before shunt placement to check the patency of the sinus, and the pressure in the superior sagittal sinus should be measured at the time of surgery. In patients with problematic distal catheters, direct placement of the catheter into the right atrium using Thoracoscopy could be an alternative to gall bladder or ureter shunts. Cesarean Section Caesarean section in the Islamic Republic of Iran: prevalence and some sociodemographic correlates. Ahmad Nia, S.; Delavar, B.; Eini Zinab, H.; Kazemipour, S.; Mehryar, A.H.; Naghavi, M. College of Social Sciences, Allameh Tabatabaee EMHJ - Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2009; 15 (6): 1389-1398 (20 ref.) Keywords: Prevalence; Socioeconomic Factors; Age Factors; Educational Status; Parity Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of caesarean section in the Islamic Republic of Iran in different provinces and to compare the sociodemographic characteristics of married women with and without caesarean section. Data were analysed from the Iranian Demographic and Health Survey of a representative sample of married women [n = 17 991] who delivered a baby between September 1998 and October 2000. Overall, 35.0% of deliveries were by caesarean section. Women having a caesarean section were older, better educated, married at a later age and with lower parity than those who delivered normally. Provincial variations in rates were significantly correlated with indices of socioeconomic development. Chickens genetics A genome scan inference to the genetic evaluation of selected and randombred chicken populations. El Gendy, Essam A. Cairo University - Faculty of Agriculture - Department of Animal Production Arab Journal of Biotechnology 2009; 12 (1): 1-12 (43 ref.) Keywords: Genome; Genotype; Genetic Screening; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Polymorphism, Genetic; Alleles Abstract: The genome scans were obtained for three lines of chickens: genotyping for homozygous naked necks [line N], homozygous normal feathering [line F] and their random bred population [line C]. Lines N and F have undergone massive selection for two generations for increased 6-week body weight. The objective of the study was to evaluate the genetic changes associated with selection or random breeding. Six pooled DNA samples within line and generation were scanned by five decamer RAPD-PCR primers. The averages of allelic bands were 11, 10.6, and 9.6 bands for lines N, F and C, respectively. Bands with polymorphic nature were detected and averaged 71.5, 66.7 and 59.3% of the total allelic bands in the respective lines. The monomorphic alleles averaged 3.3, 8.2 and 8.6%, and line-specific bands were also observed and averaged 9.7, 10.8, and 6.2%. The line-specific bands were mainly attributed to selection and poorly to the random genetic drift. The recognition of monomorphic and line-specific allelic bands revealed the reliable contribution of genome scanning in recognition of line specificity. The change in allele frequency over two selected generations in lines N and F demonstrated allelic bands with downward trend and others with upward trend, concluding that genomic alleles may be employed to monitor the changes in allele frequency over subsequent generations. Allelic coalescence points were estimated and the copies descended from ancestral alleles to the second generation were estimated to be 29.56, 28.20 and 37.56% of the total allelic bands scored in lines N, F and C. Number of gene trees were formed due to the accumulation of transmitted ancestral alleles and totaled 22, 12, and 15 in the respective lines. The estimation of rate of coalescence points and tracing ancestral alleles is of significance for small-sized selected and inbred populations. The results of genomic variability reported in lines N and F indicated that a further selection progress is anticipated in each. The genetic distance between lines N and F after two generations of selection was 1.03, and both were genetically distant from line C by 1.15 and 0.81. The results denote to the significance of genome scanning in the evaluation of breeding programs. Child Abuse Child abuse and neglect services in the occupied Palestinian territory. Halileh, S.; Abdullah, A. E-mail:samia@birzit.edu Birzeit University - Institute of Community and Public Health EMHJ - Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2009; 15 (6): 1504-1512 (9 ref.) Keywords: Questionnaires; Child Abuse, Sexual; United Nations; Family; Socioeconomic Factors; Child Welfare; Child Health Services Abstract: This study in 2005 aimed to investigate the services available for abused and neglected children in the occupied Palestinian territory. Telephone interviews were conducted with 62 institutions from the government, non- profit and private sectors that dealt with child abuse and neglect, of which 58 provided services. Services offered were mainly in psychosocial health. Usually abused children were brought to service providers by family members and teachers. Common types of abuse seen at these institutions were physical, psychological and sexual abuse. Interviewees reported most cases of abuse occurred in the home and at school. Challenges were related mainly to sociocultural issues, training, funding and the military occupation. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   18 Chlamydia trachomatis immunology Chlamydia trachomatis and rubella antibodies in women with full-term deliveries and women with abortion in Baghdad. Abdul Karim, E.T.; Abdul Muhymen, N.; Al Saadie, M. E-mail:enas_yhy@yahoo.com Al-Nahrain University - Medical College - Department of Community Medicine EMHJ - Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2009; 15 (6): 1407-1411 (13 ref.) Keywords: Rubella-immunology; Antibodies-blood; Immunoglobulin G-blood; Abortion, Spontaneous-microbiology; Term Birth; Seroepidemiologic Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies Abstract: The seroprevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis and rubella IgG antibodies were measured in women with full-term deliveries [n = 198] and with abortion [n = 79] in a hospital in Baghdad city, Iraq. Positive rubella antibody titers were found in 42.9% of mothers with full-term deliveries and 34.2% with abortion. C. trachomatis infection was found in 13.6% of mothers with full-term deliveries and 6.4% with abortion, with a significant difference in mean antibody levels between the 2 groups. Routine screening for C. trachomatis and rubella is needed for pregnant women in Iraq. Chromium Compounds adverse effects Effect of chromium- picolinat on biochemical and histopathological altrations in rats. Mahmoud, Amany Abdel Ghaffar; Ghanem, Hala M.; Darwish, Nevine S. E-mail:amany300@hotmail.com Ain Shams University - Faculty of science - Biochemistry Department Research Institute of Ophthalmology EJB - Egyptian Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology [The] 2009; 27 (1): 163-176 (33 ref.) Keywords: Liver-pathology; Histology; Oxidative Stress; Glutathione Peroxidase-blood; Malondialdehyde-blood; Protective Agents; Ascorbic Acid; Picolines-blood; Treatment Outcome; Rats Abstract: Chromium III tris [picolinate] [Cr[pie][3]ps a popular nutritional supplement; however its safety has been questioned, especially with regard to its ability to act as a clastogen. The aim of the preset work was to evaluate the biochemical and moiph01gicd changes in the liver following oral administration of Cr-picolinate and the possible protective effect of ascorbic acid [vitamin C] in rats. Fifty male Sprague Dawly rats were divided into five groups included the control group, the rest four groups treated orally with picolinte [0.8 and 1.5 mg 7100 g b. w] alone or in combination with Vitamin C [0.5 mg 7100 g b. w] for 8 weeks. The results indicated that animals treated with Cr- picolinate alone at the high dose level [1.5 mg/100 g b.w] showed a significant decrease in reduced glutathione [GSH] level and activity of glutathione peroxidase [GPx] in liver homogenate or blood accompanied with a significant increase in serum sFas; 8-hydroxy-2 -deoxyguanosine and malondialdehyde [MDA] levels.The Hepatocytes showed some degenerative changes in the form of swollen cells and degenerating nuclei, yet some cells showed regeneration by division of their nuclei The methyl green pyronin [MGP] stain showed less level of DNA in the nuclei, the cells appeared swollen and fused in some areas. It could be concluded that consumption of Cr-picolinate for a long time is contributing to health hazards and induced several hazards to liver. Supplementation with extra amounts of vitamin C may be useful to restrain the chromium-induced biochemical and morphological changes to the liver. It is believed that oxidative stress due to Cr- picolinate is a factor contributing to this health hazards. Circumcision, Female Medicalization of female genital cutting in Egypt. Refaat, A. E-mail:amany.refaat@iwaldenu.edu Suez Canal University - Department of Community Medicine EMHJ - Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2009; 15 (6): 1379-1388 (29 ref.) Keywords: Cross-Sectional Studies; Questionnaires; Physicians; Knowledge Abstract: The medicalization of female genital cutting [FGC] has been increasing. This cross-sectional study estimated the determinants of the practice of FGC among Egyptian physicians. Responses from 193 physicians showed that while 88% of them knew at least one adverse physical or sexual consequence, 18% approved of it, mostly as a religious observation [82%]. Almost one-fifth [19%] of physicians practised FGC, mostly due to conviction [51%] or for-profit [30%]. A negative correlation was found between knowledge of the adverse consequences of FGC and both approval and practice. Cultural influences were the highest determinant [81%] followed by lack of knowledge [35%]. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   19 Clarithromycin blood A sensitive liquid chromatographic method for the analysis of clarithromycin with pre-column derivatization: application to a bioequivalencestudy. Farshchi, Amir; Ghiasi, Golbarg; Bahratni, Gholamreza Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences - School of Pharmacy Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences 2009; 12 (1): 25-32 (15 ref.) Keywords: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Therapeutic Equivalency; Sensitivity and Specificity Abstract: A sensitive liquid chromatographic method for the analysis of clarithromycin- a macrolide antibiotic- in human serum, using pre-column derivatization with 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroform ate [FMOC-Cl] is described. The method involved liquid - liquid extraction of the drug and an internal standard [amantadine] followed by pre-column derivatization of the analytes with FMOC-Cl. A mixture of 0.05 M phosphate buffer containing triethylamine [2 ml/l; pH 3.8] and methanol [17:83, v/v] was used as mobile phase and chromatographic separation was achieved on a Shim pack CLC-ODS column. The eluate was monitored by a fluorescence detector with respective excitation and emission wavelengths of 265 and 315 nm. The analytical method was linear over the concentration range of 0.025-10 mg/ml of clarithromycin in human serum with a limit of quantification of 0.025 mg/ml. The assay is sensitive enough to measure drug levels obtained in human single dose studies. In the present method, sensitivity and the running time of analysis have been improved and successfully applied in a bioequivalence study of three different clarithromycin preparations in 12 healthy volunteers. Clotrimazole pharmacology In vitro study of the effect of clotrimazole incorporation into silicone soft liner on fungal colonization. Vojdani, M.; Zibaei, M.; Khaledi, A.A.R.; Zomorodian, K.; Ranjbar, M.A.; Boshehri, S. E-mail:vojdanim@sums.ac.ir Shiraz University of Medical Sciences - School of Dentistry - Department of Prosthodontic Journal of Dentistry - Shiraz University of Medical Sciences 2009; 9 (Supp.): 19-23 (23 ref.) Keywords: Denture Liners; Silicones; Candida albicans-drug effects; Fungi-drug effects; Stomatitis, Denture-therapy; Agar Abstract: Candidal colonization on soft liners is important in the development of pathogenesis, such as denture stomatitis. It has heen reported that combining anti-fungal agents into soft liners might be used in treatment and prevention of denture stomatitis. The aim of this in-vitro study was to determine whether incorporating Clotrimazole [C] into the silicone soft liner [S], would inhibit the growth of C. albicans when the specimens are stored in distilled water and washed daily with wet cotton. Experimental specimen disks incorporated with Clotrimazole [Sc[1], Sc[30], Sc[60] and without Clotrimazole [S[1], S[30], S[60]] into the soft liner [no = 8] were fabricated aseptically against the polyester film to produce a smooth surface. The treated and control disks were stored in distilled water for 1, 30 and 60 days and washed daily with wet cotton. For fungal growth assessment, they were inoculated with C. albicans suspension. The disks were rinsed and sonicated in sterile water to remove surface organisms. The attached yeast was measured by inoculation of the yeast suspension on Sabouraud's agar. The data were compared using two-way ANOVA. The mean colony forming units [CPU] per mm[2] for the specimens without Clotrimazole after water storage and washing with wet cotton for 1, 30 and 60 days was 6.5X10[6], 5.8X10[6] and 6.1X10[6], respectively. CPU for specimens with Clotrimazole decreased significantly to 2.6X10[6] and 3.9X10[6] and 4.6X10[6] after 1, 30, and 60 days, respectively. In comparison to those of the control disks, Clotrimazole in treated disks was effective in inhibiting C.albicans growth significantly following storage in water for 2 months [P < 0.05]. The addition of Clotrimazole significantly reduced C.albicans growth to the surface of the silicone soft liner. The samples continued to inhibit the fungal growth when they were washed daily with wet cotton for 2 months. Composite Resins Effect of composite elasticity and filler concentration on shear bond strength of composite to dentin. Heshmat, H.; Alavi, G.; Niknam, M.; Alavi, A.A. Azad University - School of Dentistry - Department of Restorative Dentistry Journal of Dentistry - Shiraz University of Medical Sciences 2009; 9 (Supp.): 6-12 (17 ref.) Keywords: Elasticity; Shear Strength; Dental Bonding; Dentin; Cattle; Incisor; Elastic Modulus Abstract: Resin composites are one of the most popular tooth colored restorative materials. Their enamel and dentin bonding ability are based on many factors, including elasticity and filler concentration. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of volumetric filler percentage and modulus of elasticity of six composites by measuring shear bond strength to dentin of the bovine teeth as experimental bonding substrate. Eighty bovine incisors were prepared and divided into eight groups. Tetric Ceram, Tetric Flow, Compo glass F, Helimolar RO, Definite, and Degufill Mineral were applied respectively. A fifth generation of dentin bonding system [Single Bond [3M, USA]] was used for all the groups. The volumetric filler percentage of each composite was obtained from their specification data. The modulus of elasticity IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   20 was determined, using the formula presented by Bream et al [1986]. Then, in last two groups Heliomolar RO and Definite were bonded using their own bonding systems, Syntac Multi-component, and Definite Multibond. The shear bond strength was measured according to the ISO/TR 11405. Pearson's correlation test was used to compare the result with groups 4 and 5. The results indicated that the relationship between both the filler percentage and the modulus of elasticity with the shear strength was 16% [P < 0.005]. There was a significant difference between groups 4 and 7, but no significant difference was observed between groups 5 and 8. Using composites with a higher filler content and modulus of elasticity resulted in higher shear bond strength in dentin bonding system. Our results showed that the corresponding dentin bonding system of composites had better results. Coronary Disease Association of breast artery calcification with coronary artery disease and carotid intima-media thickness in premenopausal women. Sarrafzadegann, N.; Ashrafi, F.; Noorbakhsh, M.; Haghighi, M.; Sadeghi, M.; Mazaheri, F.; Asgari, S.; Akhavan, A. Isfahan University of Medical Sciences - Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Centre EMHJ - Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2009; 15 (6): 1474-1482 (31 ref.) Keywords: Carotid Arteries-pathology; Calcinosis; Risk Factors; Premenopause; Coronary Angiography; Body Mass Index; Mammography; Breast-pathology; Questionnaires Abstract: This study investigated whether breast arterial calcification [BAC] has an association with coronary artery diseases [CAD] in young premenopausal women and evaluated the association of BAC with carotid intima-media thickness and standard CAD risk factors. Among 84 premenopausal women aged < 55 years who were referred for coronary angiography, 34 [40.5%] had abnormal angiographic findings and 6 [7.1%] showed BAC in their mammograms. The body mass index of patients with BAC was significantly higher than those without BAC. BAC had no significant association with angiography-confirmed CAD. Corynebacterium genetics Genetic fingerprinting and relationships of some corynebacterium isolates based on DNA polymorphism. Abed, Kawther; Hassan, Hussam Z. Riyadh University of Girls - Faculty of Education - Botany Department Arab Journal of Biotechnology 2009; 12 (1): 121-132 (27 ref.) Keywords: Corynebacterium-isolation and purification; DNA Fingerprinting; Polymorphism, Genetic; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Electrophoresis Abstract: Genetic differences and relationships among six Corynebacterium isolates of different geographic origin from Saudi Arabia were studied based on RAPD-PCR polymorphism. In this analysis many random 10-mer primers were screened, but only five primers [A3, A11, B10, B11 and Z6] were able to generate repeatable and informative products among the DNA samples of the studied bacterial isolates. A total of 47 polymorphic bands were generated by the five primers [100% polymorphism]. Of these bands 23 were scored as unique polymorphic bands. The two primers A11 and B10 were found to be the most effective ones in generating unique bands. The former primer generated 8 unique bands in six isolates while the latter primer produced six unique bands in four isolates. In addition, the most pronounced non unique bands categorized the studied isolates into many class patterns. Combination of all data provides a considerable potentiality for discriminating each Corynebacterium isolate by one or more unique bands or a group of combined class patterns. RAPD data were combined together and used to estimate similarity coefficients and to construct a dendrogram that estimates the relationships among the studied Corynebacterium isolates. The similarity coefficient values varied from zero to 0.44% indicating considerable variability within the studied isolates Based on this dendrogram the studied isolates were separated into two main groups. Such clustering in most cases was well correlated to the geographic collection sites. Cucumovirus Genetics Evaluation of some cucumber inbred lines and their hybrids for cucumber mosaic virus [CMV] resistance. Khereba, A.H.; Abdallah, Naglaa A.; Hassan, H.A.; Mohamed, Mahassen A.; Abdelkader, Hayam S.; Abdrabou, A.M.; Zein, H.S. Cairo University - Faculty of Agriculture - Department of Vegetables Arab Journal of Biotechnology 2009; 12 (1): 133-147 (23 ref.) Keywords: Seeds; Genotype; Polymorphism, Genetic; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Breeding; Cucumissativus- virology; Chimera; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Abstract: The major objective of our cucumber breeding program involves breeding for CMV disease resistance to reduce losses in quality and yield. Seven half diallel cross hybrids resistant to CMV were developed at the Vegetables Breeding Dept., Hort. Res. Inst., Egypt during March, 2006. Sixteen genetically different pure inbred lines of Cucumis sativus were used to develop the hybrids obtained from different sources and selected for their CMV disease- resistance trait. The inbred lines and one commercial [Beit alpha] cultivar as a susceptible control were examined to IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   21 CMV resistance using biological, serological and molecular methods. The CMV isolate identified by Plant Path. Res. Inst. Virus and Phytoplasma Res. Dept. [ARC] was used in mechanical inoculation of all cucumber genotypes used during this study. The seeds of the genotypes were incubated and the seedlings were cultivated in foam trays with peat soil and kept under greenhouse conditions. At the cotyledon stage, i.e. before the development of the first true leaf, the seedlings were mechanically inoculated by rubbing with virus inoculum. Disease severity was assessed visually 7- 10 days [on cotyledons] and 14-25 days [on true leaves] after inoculation with CMV. The results revealed that six out of sixteen cucumber inbred lines [Cus 260/1980, 6-5-23-2 Kaha, 1-180-309- 18-105 Dokky, 5-57-22-17 Kaha, Cus 38/1991, and 25-2-1-90 Kaha] were found to be without systemic symptoms of CMV infection and proved to be resistant to CMV when tested by DAS-ELISA and RT-PCR. The promising accessions as sources of resistance have been intercrossed with leading commercial type [Beit-alpha] in half diallel system. In order to determine the genetic polymorphism and discriminate between cucumber inbred lines, RAPD-PCR analyses were conducted on the DNA isolated from each line. Dendrogram representing genetic distances were performed on the studied genotypes using the UPGMA [Un-weighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Average]. Twenty one cucumber hybrids obtained from the half diallel crossing between the six resistant genotypes and the local commercial cultivar [Beit-alpha] were subjected to CMV artificial inoculation in a separate greenhouse and symptoms were visually monitored for two months. Only seven cucumber hybrids showed high a level of resistance to CMV were screened in the greenhouse and evaluated for CMV resistance. The resistant hybrids obtained did not develop visual symptoms of CMV infection on cotyledons and true leaves. These resistant lines could serve as potential sources of resistance in breeding programs. Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors pharmacology Effect of celecoxib on the peripheral NO production. Hassanzadeh, Parichehr E-mail:Pari_has@yahoo.com AJA University of Medical Sciences - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Pharmacology Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences 2009; 12 (1): 43-50 (32 ref.) Keywords: Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors-therapeutic use; Nitric Oxide-physiology; Spectrophotometry; Nitrites; Formaldehyde; Rats, Wistar Abstract: Celecoxib acts through both COX-2-dependent and -independent pathways. According to the paradoxical effect of NO on the inflammatory and nociceptive signal processing, the present study designed to evaluate the probable contribution of NO in the analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of celecoxib. Different intensities of inflammatory pain were induced by acute and chronic sc administration of 1%, 2.5%, or 5% formalin and spectrophotometrical analysis of the serum nitrite was performed. Then, in the pretreatment process, the effect of celecoxib [10, 20, or 40 mg/kg/ip] was evaluated on the inflammatory pain induced-nitrite. Also, the effect of celecoxib alone [under non-inflammatory condition] was evaluated on the peripheral NO production and the results compared with that of the vehicle. Formalin-induced inflammatory pain led to an enhancement of the serum nitrite in intensity- and time-dependent manners. Celecoxib [40 mg/kg/ip], except its ineffectiveness on the nitrite level, induced 1.5 hr after 5% formalin, reduced production of formalin-induced nitrite in other cases. Meanwhile, under non-inflammatory condition, 1.5 hr after the administration of celecoxib [40 mg/kg/ip], a considerable elevation of nitrite was observed. Celecoxib 10 or 20 mg/kg/ip did not show a significant effect on either inhibition or stimulation of the peripheral NO. NO is involved both in the inflammatory and non-inflammatory conditions. It seems that celecoxib exerts a dual effect on the peripheral NO production; it prevents overproduction of NO due to the induction of inflammatory pain, while, it stimulates NO synthesis at the early stage of its action. Dairy Products microbiology Incidence of lipolytic and proteolytic fungi in some milk products and their public health significance. El Diasty, Eman M.; Salem, R.M. Omar El Mokhtar University - Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Arab Journal of Biotechnology 2009; 12 (1): 49-56 (27 ref.) Keywords: Fungi; Incidence; Aspergillus; Mycotoxins; Aflatoxin M1 Abstract: A total of sixty random samples of dairy products; 20 of either table butter, cooking butter or kareish cheese; were collected and subjected to mycological and mycotoxicological evaluation. The mean total mould counts were 7.3X 10[1] +/- 6X10[1, 1.8] X10[3] +/- 5.4X 10[2] and 4.1X 10[3] +/- 3.1 X 10[3] cfu m[-1] for table butter, cooking butter and kareish cheese samples respectively. Respective yeast counts were 1 X10[3] +/- 6.1 X 10[2], 3.3 X 10[4] +/- 3 X 10[4] and 1.5 X 10[4] +/- 1.3 X 10[4] cfu ml-1. The highest frequency distribution of all examined samples for mould and yeast counts lies within the range 10 -100 / gm. Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, Geotrichum spp. and Mucor spp. were isolated from the examined samples at varying percentages of 8.3- 41.7 . The predominant species of yeasts isolated from table butter, cooking butter and kareish cheese were Candida spp., Rhodotorula spp., and Saccharomyces spp. The isolated moulds and yeasts were evaluated for proteolytic and lipolytic activities on Tributyrin. Aflatoxin M1 was detected in 4 kareish cheese samples in a variable levels ranging from 5 to 35 ppb. The economic and public health significance of isolated moulds and yeasts as well as the sanitary precautions were discussed. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   22 Dental Implantation methods Immediate smile procedure a clinical case report. Tardieu, Philippe E-mail:pt@frenchdentistdubai.com Smile Dental Journal 2009; 4 (1): 26-32 (14 ref.) Keywords: Therapy, Computer-Assisted; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Dental Implants Abstract: Improvement of implantology driven by computers deeply changed our point of view to treat patients. Using a CT-scan based planning system; the surgeon is able to select the optimal location for implant placement. Precise osteotomy control is performed using stereo-lithographic surgical guides. The SAFE System is a serial instrumentation allowing transfer of planned implant positions to the mouth. Accuracy in implant placement is such that it allows not flapless implant placement with a submillimetric precision. Pain and swelling are minimized using trans-mucosal approach. Since 2002, vertical control of implant placement by the SAFE System opened the way to the Immediate Smile protocol. The prosthesis is made before the surgery without taking an impression and placed in the mouth during the same appointment as the surgery. The unique part of this procedure comes from the fact that the temporary bridge is screw retained on the implants without being relined and without using fancy and expensive components. The Immediate Smile technique and components are introduced in this article and a clinical case illustrates the process. Dental Implants Comparison of basal and crestal implants and their modus of application. Ihde, Stefan E-mail:dr.ihde@implant.com Smile Dental Journal 2009; 4 (1): 36-46 (14 ref.) Keywords: Dental Restoration Failure; Alveolar Ridge Augmentation; Dental Implantation-methods; Infections; Osteolysis Abstract: According to the well-known implantological rules for dental restorations, crestalimplants are indicated in situations when an adequate vertical bone supply is given. Crestalimplants function well in patients who provide enough bone when treatment starts, but results are not predictable as soon as augmentations become part of the treatment plan. Augmentation procedures are possible today, but they increase the risks and costs of dental implant treatment as well as the number of necessary operations. Patients providing severely atrophied jaw bones [i.e. those patients who need the implantologists' attention most], paradoxically receive little or no treatment, as long as crestal implants are considered the device of first choice. This article discusses the value of using basal implants and the differences that exist between basal implants and crestal implants in Perioperative status, infection around integrated implants, load transmissions and replacement of failing implants. Dental Veneers Shear bond strength of a veneering resin to a Ni-Cr alloy using two different surface treatment methods. Nikzad, S.; Azari, A.; Khodamoradi, N. Tehran University of Medical Science - School of Dentistry - Department of Fix Prosthodontics Journal of Dentistry - Shiraz University of Medical Sciences 2009; 9 (Supp.): 35-40 (21 ref.) Keywords: Shear Strength; Dental Bonding; Chromium Alloys; Composite Resins; Methacrylates; Dental Porcelain; Nickel Abstract: A strong and stable bond between veneering materials and metal framework considerably promotes the aesthetic appearance and clinical longevity of a resin type restoration. Various adhesive metal primers have also been studied to enhance the bond strength of the composite resins to different metal surfaces. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the shear bond strength of one laboratory composite resin bonded to a Ni-Cr alloy by means of two different methods. In this study, 24 wax disks were cast and divided into two equal groups. In the first group, a metal primer was applied to the casting surface, while an opaque porcelain material was used for the second group. After application of the veneering composite resin to the treated surfaces, the specimens were stored in a 37°C water bath for 15 days. At the end of this period, all the specimens were subjected to 1200 thermal cycles [5°C and 55 °C] and then tested for shear strength in a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Fractured specimens were examined, using a scanning electron microscope. The opaque porcelain group demonstrated higher bond strength [17.55 +/- 3.33 Mpa] in comparison to the metal primed surface [15 +/- 4.25 Mpa]. However, no statistically significant difference was found between the specimens treated with metal primer and those treated with opaque porcelain. The two alloy surface treatments exhibited mixed failures, however. While the nature of failure for opaque porcelain was predominately cohesive, the failure for the metal primed group was adhesive. It can be concluded that both techniques have potential to significantly improve resin-alloy shear bond strength. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   23 Depression epidemiology Post stroke depression among Iranian patients. Iranmanesh, Farhad; Vakilian, Alireza E-mail:swt_f@yahoo.com Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences - Department of Neurology Neurosciences 2009; 14 (2): 148-151 (26 ref.) Keywords: Stroke; Incidence; Hypertension; Diabetes Mellitus; Smoking; Hyperlipidemias; Prospective Studies; Questionnaires; Risk Factors Abstract: To assess the incidence of depression and its contributing factors after an episode of stroke. This prospective study was performed on 200 consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke admitted to Aliebne-Abitaleb Hospital in Rafsanjani, Iran, from September 2006 to September 2007. The diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke was made by a neurologist and confirmed by MRI. Frequency of depression, according to DSM-IV criteria, as well as demographic data and some contributing factors were registered and analyzed by chi squared test and the logistic regression method. The mean age of patients was 61.15 +/- 8.66 years. Thirty-two percent of patients suffered depression. The frequency of depression was significantly higher in women [40.9%] than men [21.1%] [p=0.004]. There was no significant relation between depression and age, location of lesion, and risk factors for stroke. Hypertension [34%], diabetes [15%], smoking [14%], and hyperlipidemia [14%] were the most common risk factors. Generally, our results show that post stroke depression is prevalent in our society, and this is more prominent among women. Early diagnosis and treatment can help to improve quality of life of these patients. Surveillance of depression in Karachi, Pakistan. Bushra, Rabia; Ali, Huma E-mail:phr173@hotmail.com Ziauddin University - Ziauddin College of Pharmacy Neurosciences 2009; 14 (2): 193-195 (5 ref.) Keywords: Depression-etiology; Depressive Disorders, Major; Socioeconomic Factors; Life Style; Prevalence; Cross- Sectional Studies; World Health Organization; Depression-therapy; Electroconvulsive Therapy Depression, Postpartum epidemiology Frequency and associated factors for postnatal depression. Muneer, Ather; Minhas, Fareed Aslam; Nizami, Asad Tamiz ud Din; Mujeeb, Faiza; Usmani, Asma Tanvir E-mail:athermuneer@hotmail.com Rawalpindi General Hospital - Department of Psychiatry/Obstetrics and Gynaecology JCPSP - Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan 2009; 19 (4): 236-239 (25 ref.) Keywords: Depression, Postpartum-diagnosis; Risk Factors; Social Class; Depressive Disorder, Major; Cross- Sectional Studies Abstract: To determine the frequency and associated sociodemographic, obstetric and medical factors for postnatal depression in an outpatient sample. A descriptive, cross-sectional study. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Benazir Bhutto Hospital [formerly Rawalpindi General Hospital], Rawalpindi, between June 2006 and February 2007. The sample consisted of women who were in the puerperal period [6 weeks postpartum]. They were screened with the help of Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale [Urdu version] and the severity of depression was rated with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. A total of 51 participants, or 33.1% of a sample of 154 women suffered from postnatal depression, the majority of whom were either moderately or severely depressed. The demographic profile of depressed patients showed that they were young [mean age around 25 years], had a low level of education [below the matriculate level] and came from the lower socioeconomic class. They had small families comprising of fewer than 3 children, were married for less than 5 years and the majority were from extended families [living with in-laws]. Postnatal depression was found in almost 1/3rd of the study participants and the pre-ponderance of them suffered from moderate or severe depression. They were young and came from a background of socio-economic adversity. Since postnatal depression had adverse consequences for the mother and her newborn baby, there was an urgent need to direct more attention to this problem, in particular towards its early detection, so that morbidity could be reduced in this group of women. Depth Perception physiology A brain electrophysiological correlate of depth perception. Akay, Ahmet; Celebi, Gurbuz E-mail:ahmet.akay@ege.edu.tr Ege University - Medical School - Department of Biophysics Neurosciences 2009; 14 (2): 139-142 (11 ref.) IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   24 Keywords: Electrophysiological Phenomena; Brain; Evoked Potentials, Visual Abstract: To investigate brain electrical activity accompanying depth perception using random-dot stereograms. Additional experiments were conducted to ascertain the specificity of this potential to depth perception. In the present study, we performed 3 different and independent experiments on 34 subjects to establish the relationship between depth perception and its cortical electrophysiological correlate. Visual evoked potentials in response to visual stimulation by random-dot stereograms were recorded. To achieve this goal, a data acquisition and analysis system, different from common visual evoked potential recording systems, consisting of 2 personal computers, was used. One of the computers was used to generate the visual stimulus patterns and the other to record and digitally average the potentials evoked by the stimuli. This study was carried out at the Department of Biophysics of Ege University Medical School, Izmir, Turkey, from April to December, 2006. A negative potential component, which is thought to arise in association with depth perception, was recorded from the occipital region from 30 of the 34 subjects. Typically, it had a mean latency of 211.46 ms and 6.40 micro V amplitude. The negative potential is related to depth perception, as this component is present in the responses to stimulus, which carries disparity information but is absent when the stimulus is switched to no disparity information. Additional experiments also showed that the specificity of this component to depth perception becomes evident beyond doubt. Dermatitis, Atopic Serum OX40 ligand: a potential marker of atopic dermatitis disease severity in children. Ezzat, Mohamed H.; Sallam, Mohamed A.; Shaheen, Kareem Y.; Abo El Haythim, Rafik E. E-mail:ezzatmhm@hotmail.com Ain Shams University - Faculty of Medicine - Departments of Pediatrics, Dermatology Egyptian Journal of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology [The] 2009; 7 (1): 15-22 (19 ref.) Keywords: Biological Markers; Severity of Illness Index; Tumor Necrosis Factors-blood; Disease Progression; Follow- Up Studies; Questionnaires; Child; Immunoglobulin E; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Antibodies, Monoclonal Abstract: OX40 ligand [OX40L] and OX40 are members of the tumor necrosis factor [TNF] and TNF receptor [TNFR] super families respectively. Recent studies have indicated the critical involvement of OX40/OX40L interaction in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. To our knowledge, no data could be cited in literature concerning OX40L levels in serum or in other biological fluids of atopic dermatitis children. This study was done to explore the expression of OX40L in the serum of atopic dermatitis children with respect to disease activity and severity. This follow-up, case- control longitudinal study was conducted on 64 children as a stratified non-random sample; 34 with atopic dermatitis and 30 healthy children. Serum concentrations of OX40L were measured by and wich enzyme immunoassay. The severity of atopic dermatitis was assessed according to the Leicester Sign Score [LSS], Simple Scoring System [SSS], Scoring Atopic Dermatitis [SCORAD] index, and Objective SCORAD. Serum OX40L levels [pg/ml] in atopic dermatitis patients were significantly elevated as compared to controls [176.6 +/- 45.9] whether during flare [1007 +/- 241.5] or quiescence [699 +/- 198.5]. There were significant positive correlations between serum OX40L levels and each of the LSS, SSS and SCORAD indices of atopic dermatitis disease severity, while it was insignificant regarding the objective SCORAD. However, when atopic dermatitis children were classified according to the objective SCORAD index of severity into mild, moderate and severe, it was found that the mean serum level in the severe group was significantly higher than the corresponding values of the mild or the moderate group. OX40L levels did not correlate with serum total IgE or absolute eosinophils count. Serum total LDH levels correlated positively with each of the serum OX40L levels and the LSS and SCORAD indices of severity. Serum OX40L level is an objective reliable marker of atopic dermatitis severity in children. It may be useful for follow up and may help to improve research and management of this disease. Blockade of interactions between OX40 on Th2 cells and OX40L on activated dendritic cells using an OX40L- specific monoclonal antibody could represent a novel strategy for the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Dexmedetomidine pharmacology Effect of dexmedetomidine added to spinal bupivacaine for urological procedures. Al Mustafa, Mahmoud M.; Abu Halaweh, Sami A.; Aloweidi, Abdel Karim S.; Murshidi, Mujalli M.; Ammari, Bassam A.; Awwad, Ziad M.; Al Edwan, Ghazi M.; Ramsay, Micheal A. E-mail:mahmoud_juh@hotmail.com Jordan University Hospital - Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Saudi Medical Journal 2009; 30 (3): 365-370 (27 ref.) Keywords: Dexmedetomidine-adminstration and dosage; Bupivacaine-therapeutic use; Nerve Block; Urologic Surgical Procedures Abstract: To determine the effect of adding dexmedetomidine to bupivacaine for neuraxial anesthesia. Sixty-six patients were studied between April and May 2008 in the University of Jordan, Amman Jordan. They were randomly assigned into 3 groups, each receiving spinal bupivacaine 12.5mg combined with normal saline [group N] Dexmedetomidine 5ug [group D5], or Dexmedetomidine 10ug [group D10]. The onset times to reach T10 sensory and Bromage 3 motor block, and the regression times to reach S1 sensory level and Bromage 0 motor scale, were recorded. The mean time of sensory block to reach the T10 dermatome was 4.7 +/- 2.0 minutes in D10 group, 6.3 +/- 2.7 minutes in D5, and 9.5 +/- 3.0 minutes in group N. The mean time to reach Bromage 3 scale was 10.4 +/- 3.4 minutes in group D10, 13.0 +/- 3.4 minutes in D5, and 18.0 +/- 3.3 minutes in group N. The regression time to reach S1 dermatome was 338.9 +/- 44.8 minutes in group D10, 277.1 +/- 23.2 minutes in D5, and 165.5 +/- 32.9 minutes in IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   25 group N. The regression to Bromage 0 was 302.9 +/- 36.7 minutes in D10, 246.4 +/- 25.7 minutes in D5, and 140.1 +/- 32.3 minutes in group N. Onset and regression of sensory and motor block were highly significant [N vesus D5, N versus D10, and D5 versus D10, p < 0.001]. Dexmedetomidine has a dose dependant effect on the onset and regression of sensory and motor block when used as an adjuvant to bupivacaine in spinal anesthesia. Diabetes Mellitus complications Follow up of diabetic complications. Omar, Belal; El Bana, Hassan; Khalid, Mohsen; Emara, Ibrahem; El Gazar, Helmy Internal medicine New Egyptian Journal of Medicine [The] 2009; 40 (1): 58-66 (25 ref.) Keywords: Kidney Function Tests; Body Mass Index; Echocardiography; Cholesterol; Triglycerides; Follow-Up Studies; Liver Function Tests-Tooth Loss; Diabetic Retinopathy Abstract: Some research found that certain diabetic complications occur more frequently in some racial minority groups. Rate of diabetic complications in real-world practice is higher than expected from the clinical trial setting, especially among patients with complications at diagnosis. This suggests that in diabetic patients racial differences may exist in macro vascular and micro vascular disease frequency. 340 diabetic patients were chosen randomly from out patients' clinic of the national institute of diabetes and endocrinology. They received conventional treatment by different doctors with no special protocol for treatment and was examined twice once at 2004 and another at 2006. Our result showed that during three year there are significant deterioration in weight, BMI. ECG, retinopathy, FBS, AST, ALT, cholesterol, triglyceride, urea, uric acid, GFR, HBlAC. and there were significant improve as regard BP, ACR, LDL. The major complications develop by Egyptian diabetic patients within 3 years follow up was increase percent of retinopathy [27%], followed by teeth loss [23%] then IHD [5%] with no patient develop ESRD. also there are deterioration of GFR.. As regard risk factors there is deterioration in cholesterol followed by waist circumference, BMI, triglyceride then HDL. but significant improve in BP control In Egyptian diabetic patient nudus examination and lipid profile must checked regularly every three month. Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 complications Levels of serum intercellular and vascular adhesion molecules in insulin dependent diabetic nephropathy patients. Ali, Fahmy T.; Seoudi, Dina M.; Al Raway, Ahmed M.; Mahran, Nevien A. Ain Shams University - Faculty of Science - Biochemistry Department EJB - Egyptian Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology [The] 2009; 27 (1): 1-16 (27 ref.) Keywords: Diabetic Nephropathies; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; E-Selectin; Interleukin-1; C-Reactive Protein Abstract: The study evaluated the possible significant role of soluble intercellular and vascular adhesion molecule- 1 [sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1], sE-selectin and interluekin-l beta in development nephropathy in patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus [IDDM]. This study included 60 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus [IDDM], together with 20 healthy control subjects. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to the onset of disease. All studied groups were subjected to clinical and laboratory evaluation of serum soluble sIC AM- 1, sVCAM-1, sE-selectin, IL-l beta in association with micro albumin, and CRP. A highly significant elevation of soluble adhesion molecules [sICAM-1, sVCAM -1 and sE-selectin] and micro albuminuria were observed in patients with IDDM, while there was no significance difference in ILl-beta in the same patients. Our findings may have clinical implications, since they may indicate that, these adhesion molecules are known as very strong marker for renal complications and the circulating forms of these adhesion molecules have been associated with clinical vascular events and all-cause mortality in the renal population. diet therapy Clinical hypoglycemic effects of Allium cepa [red onion] in type 1 diabetic patients. Taj Eldin, Imad M.; Ahmed, Elhadi M.; Abd Elwahab, H.M. University of Gezira - Faculty of Pharmacy - Department of Pharmacology Sudan Journal of Medical Sciences 2009; 4 (2): 153-156 (11 ref.) Keywords: Allium; Onions; Hypoglycemic Agents; Autoimmune Diseases; Islets of Langerhans; Insulin; Blood Glucose; Hypoglycemia Abstract: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disease caused by destruction of pancreatic islet beta cells and characterized by defect in insulin secretion. The present study was carried out to investigate the hypoglycemic effects of Allium cepa in patients with type 1 diabetic patients. In the assessment of the hypoglycaemic activity of Allium cepa in type 1 diabetic patients [n=21], crude Allium cepa [100 g] caused a considerably lowered value in the fasting blood glucose levels by about 89 mg/dl in relation to insulin [145 mg/dl] after 4 hours. Also the ingestion of crude Allium cepa by type 1 diabetic patients produced a significant reduction in the induced hyperglycemia [GTT] by about 120 mg/dl in relation to water [77 mg/dl] and the standard drug insulin [153 mg/dl]. Crude Allium cepa produced hypoglycemic effects, thus it could be used as a dietary supplement in management of diabetes. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   26 Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 diagnosis The effect of glycemic control on serum lipids and calcium - phosphate profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Abdel Gayoum, Abdel Gayoum A.; Musa, Abdalla S. E-mail:abelgayoum@hotmail.com University of Hail - Faculty of Health Sciences - Department of Medical Laboratories EJB - Egyptian Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology [The] 2009; 27 (1): 79-92 (32 ref.) Keywords: Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated-blood; Body Mass Index; Hyperlipidemia-blood; Cholesterol-blood; Triglycerides-blood; Potassium-blood; Magnesium-blood; Calcium Phosphates-metabolism Abstract: The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of glycemic control levels in type 2 diabetic patients on the serum lipids and lipoprotein profiles and the serum levels of calcium, phosphate and some other electrolytes. The study was conducted on 81 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, who were attending the Outpatient Diabetic and Endocrine Clinic in King Khaled Hospital, Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The patients were classified into two groups depending on their glycosylated hemoglobin [HbAi]; First: those with good glycemic control [GGC] who had their HbAic </= 7.5% [n = 38] and those with poor glycemic control [PGC] who had their HbAic > 7.5% [n = 43]. The control group comprised of 52 healthy subjects. All anthropometric and biochemical measurements were carried out using the standard methods. Both control and diabetic groups showed high prevalence of obesity with BMI values > 30 [32.2% of C, 34.2% of GGC and 39.5% of the PGC]. The fasting serum glucose levels in GGC and PGC groups were significantly higher than control by 77.3% and 1.1-fold, respectively. The serum total cholesterol [Tc] in the PGC group showed a significant increase [P < 0.01] by 14.4%, whereas, the GGC was not significantly different from control. Tc showed a significant positive correlation with Hb Ale [r = 0.91, P = 0.00007]. On the other hand, the serum triglyceride was significantly higher [P < 0.01] in both GGC and PGC groups. The VLDL was elevated in the GGC by 96.5% and in the PGC by 100% compared to control, whereas, the LDLc fractions in the GGC and PGC were increased by 9.1% and 16.7%, respectively, but HDL-c was not-altered. The-Serum magnesium and sodium levels were not altered in any of the diabetic groups. However, calcium was significantly raised [P0.05] in the PGC compared to control, but not significantly different in GGC. Serum phosphate in the GGC and PGC exhibited significant increases [P = 0.001] and [P = 0.01], respectively. Similarly, the potassium levels were significantly higher in both groups compared to control. The type 2 diabetic patients who had better glycemic control showed favorable lipid and lipoprotein profiles with lower risk factors for atherosclerosis and had moderate calcium and phosphate levels compared to their poorly controlled counterparts. Diabetic Foot therapy Diabetic septic foot in Omdurman Teaching Hospital. Adam, Mohammed Alnour; Hamza, Aamir Abdullahi; Ibrahim, Alguili Elsheikh E-mail:dr_mohdalnour@yahoo.com Juba University - College of Medicine - Department of Surgery Sudan Journal of Medical Sciences 2009; 4 (2): 129-132 (22 ref.) Keywords: Diabetic Foot-classification; Diabetes Mellitus; Retrospective Studies; Amputation; Mortality; Risk Factors; Ulcer; Hospitals, Teaching Abstract: To audit the management of diabetic septic foot [DSF] lesions in Omdurman Teaching Hospital, using Wagner classification. This is a retrospective study on 208 patients with DSF admitted to Omdurman Teaching Hospital, Sudan between June 2006 and May 2007. Data were analyzed manually. The male to female ratio was 2:1. The mean age +/- SD was 56 +/- 12.35 year. 16.8% patients were grade 1.33 [15.9%] patients were grade 2. grades 3, 4, 5 patients were 66 [37 %], 38 [18.3%] and 36 [17.3%] respectively. Major lower limb amputation and mortality were 19.2%, and 6.7% respectively. Preventive measures for patients at risk are highly needed, and early presentation is encouraged when ulcer develops in diabetic foot to avoid subsequent complications. Diabetic Neuropathies epidemiology Cardiac autonomic neuropathy [CAN] in type-1 diabetes, mellitus patients and its association with the duration of disease and Glycemic control. Khoharo, Haji Khan; Ansari, Shuaib; Shaikh, Imran Ali; Qureshi, Fatima E-mail:drhaajikhan786@yahoo.com Muhammad Medical College - Department of Medicine JCPSP - Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan 2009; 19 (4): 232-235 (21 ref.) Keywords: Diabetic Neuropathies-diagnosis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1-epidemiology; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1- complications; Valsalva Maneuver; Heart Rate; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Electrocardiography; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated; Arrhythmia, Sinus IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   27 Abstract: To determine the frequency of Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy [CAN] in type-1 Diabetes mellitus patients and its association with the duration of disease and glycemic control. Descriptive study. Department of Medicine, Liaquat University Hospital, Hyderabad/Jamshoro, from December, 2004 to April, 2005. Fifty patients of type-1 Diabetes Mellitus [DM] of >/= 10 years duration were selected. CAN was evaluated in terms of presence of resting tachycardia, loss of sinus arrhythmia and heart rate response to Valsalva maneuver by electrocardiogram [ECG]. An R-R variation with respiration of >15 beats per minute was taken normal, while 10-15 beats and <10 beats per minute were taken as borderline and definitive CAN respectively. QTc intervals were measured. Patients with HbA1c levels < 7% were considered as well-controlled. The associations between CAN, the duration of diabetes and the diabetic control were determined. The mean age was 35.16 +/- 10.58 years with 32 males and 18 females. The mean values for the known duration of diabetes and HbA1c were 13 +/- 7.3 years and 9.36 +/- 2.5 mg/dl respectively. Definitive and borderline CAN were noted in 20% and 24% respectively. Variability of heart rate with respiration was significantly related to the duration but not to the control of the diabetes [p < 0.05]. QTc showed a significant correlation with the known duration of diabetes and heart rate variability with respiration [p < 0.05]. Most of the patients had uncontrolled glycemic status. Cardiac autonomic neuropathy is common in long standing type-1 diabetics. CAN resulted in prolonged QTc interval that may result in cardiac arrhythmias and even death. Intensive glycemic control improves the cardiac autonomic nerve functions. Prevalence of neuropathy in the diabetic foot. Elrefai, Jamil M. E-mail:jamref2000@yahoo.com Princess Haya Hospital - Hyperbaric Oxygen Department Neurosciences 2009; 14 (2): 163-166 (28 ref.) Keywords: Diabetic Neuropathies-diagnosis; Diabetic Foot; Reflex, Abnormal; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies; Diabetes Mellitus-complications Abstract: To illustrate the prevalence of different types of neuropathy in diabetic patients with diabetic foot. This is a retrospective study of 229 diabetic foot patients treated at Princess Haya Hospital Hyperbaric Department, Aqaba, Jordan from January 1997 to January 2008, who were found to have different types of neuropathy. Neuropathy diagnosis was reached through investigating the patient's history by presence of pain, and clinical neurological examination, absence of ankle reflexes, and abnormal quantitative sensory testing. We found that 203 out of 229 [89%] patients had at least one type of neuropathy. One hundred and seventy-one out of 203 [84.2%] patients had symptoms of peripheral neuropathy, 11.8% of patients showed symptoms of different autonomic neuropathy, 2.5% of patients had been diagnosed with proximal neuropathy, and 1.5% had focal neuropathy. The mean age of diabetes in complicated neuropathy was 14.32 +/- 7.17 years. A stocking sensory loss was the leading symptom of peripheral neuropathy [77%] followed by symptoms of tingling, burning, or prickling sensations in 70% of patients. Symptoms and signs of peripheral neuropathy are considered the most important factors when counseling the diabetic patient, who should be thoroughly informed on the importance of applying ample care to the feet. The physician should consider the patient's age and chronicity of diabetes, and as they increase, it becomes imperatively important to conduct clinical examinations for early diagnosis of neuropathy. Diabetic Retinopathy diagnosis Diabetic retinopathy screening using digital retinal camera: experience in Bahrain, 2007. Al Kabaisi, Noora Department of Ophthalmology JBMS - Journal of the Bahrain Medical Society 2009; 21 (1): 197-200 (5 ref.) Keywords: Mass Screening; Macular Degeneration; Retina; Prevalence; Diabetes Complications Abstract: To report the results of Bahrain diabetic retinopathy photo screening program during 2007. We audited the results of diabetic retinopathy photo screening program using digital retinal camera in Bahrain from the period January 2007 till December 2007. A total of 3265 patients were screened by digital retinal camera 2359 patients [72%] showed no diabetic retinal changes. Mild no proliferative changes were noticed in 711 patients [22%]. Moderate no proliferative changes were noticed in 83 patients [3%] Severe no proliferative changes were noticed in 11 patients [0.3%].Proliferative retinopathy changes were noticed in 44 patients [1 %]. Maculopathy was found in 123 patients [4%]. Digital retinal photo screening is practical in Health Centers and it can detect the normal retina from the retinopathy changes in diabetic patients accurately. Its implementation has been associated with a reduction in presentations with vision-threatening retinopathy within the total community. The normal eyes on initial photo screening yearly repeat photo screening schedule for this group. Diarrhea, Infantile therapy Acute diarrhea in children treated by lactobacillus acidophilus. Hassoon, Abbas Fadhel; Mehdi, Sabih Salih Babylon Medical College Journal of the Arab Board of Medical Specializations 2009; 10 (1): 2-6 (21 ref.) Keywords: Lactobacillus acidophilus; Probiotics-therapeutic use; Treatment Outcome; Child; Acute Disease IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   28 Abstract: To see the effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus as a probiotic preparation in treatment of acute diarrhea in children. Forty nine patients aged between 2 and 24 months with acute diarrhea were enrolled in the study performed at Babylon Maternity and children Hospital in the period between October 2006 till October 2007, the patients were divided into two groups, the first group [31 patients] were given a preparation of Lactobacillus acidophilus and the other group [18 patients] were given a placebo for three days. Frequency of stool per day and stool consistency were recorded for both groups. Frequency and consistency were reduced significantly [p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively] in treatment group compared to the placebo group. No complications were recorded. Probiotic preparation of Lactobacillus acidophilus can be used as an adjunct treatment for acute diarrhea in children. It has been found safe and acceptable, and the duration of treatment was reasonable. Disabled Persons House-to-house survey of disabilities in rural communities in the north of the West Bank. Hamdan, M.; Al Akhras, N. E-mail:mhamdan@med.alquds Al-Quds University - School of Public Health EMHJ - Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2009; 15 (6): 1496-1503 (18 ref.) Keywords: Disability Evaluation; Rural Population; Prevalence; Health Surveys; Cross-Sectional Studies; Questionnaires; Family Abstract: To identify the prevalence of disability and characteristics, conditions and needs of those with disabilities in rural communities in the north of the West Bank, 10 147 families were screened in a cross-sectional survey. Prevalence was 1.7% [806 persons with disabilities]. Physical [34.0%], mental [15.9%] and speech [11.4%] disabilities were the commonest. The major cause as perceived by the families was heredity [30.5%]: parental consanguinity was 50.8%. Economic conditions were the major problem for 41.1%, and the main barrier to receiving care: only 49.3% were receiving some kind of care. Integration in educational, work and social activities was low. Pressing needs included medical care, support equipment, and educational, physiotherapy and rehabilitation services. Disinfection methods Comparative efficacy of two methods of skin preparation of the perineal and genital skin of male urological patients. Kehinde, Elijah O.; Jamal, Wafaa; Ali, Yousif; Khodakhast, Fathima; Sahsah, Mohammed; Rotimi, Vincent O. E-mail:ekehinde@hsc.edu.ku Kuwait University - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Surgery KMJ - Kuwait Medical Journal 2009; 41 (2): 103-107 (19 ref.) Keywords: Skin-microbiology; Perineum; Genitalia, Male; Urologic Surgical Procedures; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Chlorhexidine; Povidone-Iodine; Prospective Studies; Cystoscopy Abstract: To compare the efficacy of two methods of skin antiseptic preparations of the genitalia and perineum in male urological patients. Prospective study. Mubarak Hospital, Kuwait. Adult male patients of two study groups numbering 114 [group-1] and 117 [group-2] admitted for cystoscopic procedures. The perineum and genitalia of patients in both groups were prepared by applying chlorhexidine-cetrimide mixture [CCM] and CCM plus povidone-iodine solution respectively. Swab specimens were obtained from the perineum and genitalia, before cleaning and disinfection [specimen A], after disinfection and draping [specimen B] and after the completion of the operative procedure [specimen C]. Specimens were cultured on appropriate media and representative colonies identified by standard methods. In groups 1 and 2, the A specimen yielded bacterial growth in 35.1 and 63% of patients, respectively. The commonest isolates in both groups were Gram-positive bacteria [89.2%] while Gram-negative bacteria accounted for only 10.8%. The B and C specimens in group-1 yielded positive bacterial culture in 7.1 and 11.4% patients respectively. In group-2, specimens B and C yielded bacterial growth in 5.1 and 2.6% patients respectively. In both groups, there was a significant reduction of patients with culture-positive B specimens after skin disinfection [p < 0.001]. The isolation rate of bacteria in specimen C in group-2 was significantly lower than group-1 patients [p < 0.001]. The addition of povidone-iodine to the CCM based regimen of perineal skin antiseptic preparation is associated with longer and more effective skin disinfection in male urological patients. DNA isolation and purification Heat treatment of bacteria: a simple method of DNA extraction for molecular techniques. Dashti, Ali A.; Jadaon, Mehrez M.; Abdulsamad, Abdulsamad M.; Dashti, Hussein M. E-mail:aad@hsc.edu.ku Kuwait University - Faculty of Allied Health Sciences - Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences KMJ - Kuwait Medical Journal 2009; 41 (2): 117-122 (27 ref.) Keywords: Hot Temperature; Base Sequence; DNA, Bacterial; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Microwaves IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   29 Abstract: To evaluate the efficacy of two simple methods involving use of heat for extraction of bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid [DNA] be used in molecular techniques like polymerase chain reaction [PCR], restriction fragments length polymorphism [RFLP] and DNA sequencing and compare them with DNA extraction using commercial kits. DNA extraction by improved alternative methods and commercial kit. Microbiology Research Laboratory, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kuwait University, Kuwait. Forty isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae. DNA was extracted from isolates by either boiling for 10 minutes or microwave irradiation for 10 seconds. For comparison, DNA was also extracted using a commercial kit. All extracted DNA samples were analyzed by PCR, RFLP and / or DNA sequencing of TEM and SHV genes of the bacteria. Successful extraction of DNA. PCR, RFLP and DNA sequencing gave the expected results in all the DNA samples extracted by all the three methods [boiling, microwave irradiation and the commercial kit]. The results were qualitatively equivalent in all methods. Heat may be used to extract DNA from K. pneumoniae which can be utilized successfully in performing PCR, RFL and DNA sequencing. Drug Toxicity Adverse drug reactions in an Iranian department of adult infectious diseases. Kourorian, Z.; Fattahi, F.; Pourpak, Z.; Rasoolinejad, M.; Gholami, K. Tehran University of Medical Sciences - Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute EMHJ - Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2009; 15 (6): 1351-1357 (24 ref.) Keywords: Cross-Sectional Studies; Communicable Diseases; Risk Factors; Hospitalization; Awareness Abstract: This study aimed to assess the frequency and severity of adverse drug reactions [ADRs] [WHO definition] in hospitalized adult patients in an infectious diseases referral ward in Tehran. Of 281 patients evaluated over 6 months, a total of 170 suspected ADRs were reported among 101 patients [35.9%]. The most commonly affected organ system was gastrointestinal [47.5%], and the most common class of drugs responsible was anti-infective [93.1%]. ADRs were high among HIV-positive patients [82.9%], mainly due to anti-tuberculosis drugs. Attention to appropriate prescription of drugs is required with more careful clinical and laboratory monitoring of patients. Duodenum injuries Penetrating traumatic injuries of the duodenum; experiences form Al-Yarmouk teaching hospital, Baghdad. Rajab, Khalid Kareem Al Yarmouk Teaching Hospital - Department of Surgery JBMS - Journal of the Bahrain Medical Society 2009; 21 (1): 193-196 (9 ref.) Keywords: Wounds and Injuries; Mortality; Postoperative Complications; Duodenum-surgery; Abdominal Injuries; Wounds Penetrating Abstract: Duodenal injury following penetrating trauma remains one of the most challenging problems confronting trauma surgeons. Experience in trauma specially for penetrating injuries has increased in the few years with accompanying increase in mortality. Twenty seven patients with penetrating duodenum trauma, collecting from September 2005 November 2007, evaluated according to the age, gender, types of injury, trauma location, severity of duodenal injury, associated injury, interval between trauma and definitive operation, hemodynamic status, surgical procedure postoperative complication and mortality. Injuries according to Trauma and injury severity score [TRISS] and penetrating trauma abdominal index [PATI] were evaluated. Bullets injury were 23[85.2%] patients and blast injury [shell] 4[148%] patients. The mean PATI score was 30.2 [15-9]; low score 44.4%, intermediate score 37% and high score 18.6%. Multiple organ injury in 26 patients and one with duodenum injured only. The mean TRISS was 11.55[1.5-90]. Primary repair with pyloric exclusion [with or without bypass surgery] or other type of surgery were performed. Male to female incidence was 4:1 and mean age 27.6 year [9-60 yr.]. Complications were evaluated and the mortality were 11[40.7%] with low score of PATI 2[16.6%], intermediate score is 4[40%] and high scores [100%]. Experience suggests that duodenum injury still causing high morbidity and mortality in trauma. The predictive value of the PATI suggests that it should be included along with other injury severity indices in trauma data bases. Different surgical procedures needed to perform duodenum repair according to the type and site of injury. Dyslipidemias diagnosis Levels of inflammatory markers and their correlation with dyslipidemia in diabetics. Waheed, Palvasha; Naveed, Abdul Khaliq; Farooq, Fareeha Army Medical College - Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology JCPSP - Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan 2009; 19 (4): 207-210 (28 ref.) Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Ferritins-blood; C-Reactive Protein; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated; Cholesterol, LDL-blood; Cholesterol, HDL-blood Abstract: To measure the levels of inflammatory markers [serum ferritin and high sensitivity C-reactive protein] and dyslipidemia in diabetics and to find a correlation between these inflammatory markers and dyslipidemia. Comparative study. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, from March 2007 to February 2008. The study included 30 known type-2 diabetic patients randomly inducted from diabetic clinics of Rawalpindi. Healthy volunteers [n = 30] having blood glucose less than 6 mmol/L were inducted as the comparison IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   30 group. Fasting blood samples of diabetics and controls were analyzed for glucose, glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c], lipid profile, high sensitivity C-reactive protein [hs-CRP] and serum ferritin. The diabetic subjects had significantly higher levels of glucose, HbA1c, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, hs-CRP and ferritin as compared to normal subjects [p < 0.001], while the level of HDL cholesterol was significantly lower in diabetics [p < 0.001]. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation was found between the inflammatory markers, hs-CRP and ferritin, and the parameters of dyslipidemia i.e. total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides [p < 0.001 r = 0.72] except for HDL cholesterol, which had an insignificant negative correlation with the inflammatory markers [p > 0.05 r = -0.10]. Low-grade inflammation exists in Diabetes mellitus and it is positively related with dyslipidaemia [except for HDL cholesterol] in diabetics. Dyspepsia epidemiology Uninvestigated dyspepsia and its related factors in an Iranian community. Barzkar, Mosayeb; Pourhoseingholi, Mohamad A.; Habibi, M.; Moghimi Dehkordi, Bijan; Safaee, Azaaeh; Pourhoseingholi, Asma; Khalafii, Abdolrasool; Zali, Mohammad R. Shahid Beheshti University - The Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Saudi Medical Journal 2009; 30 (3): 397-402 (38 ref.) Keywords: Dyspepsia-diagnosis; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Educational Status; Body Mass Index; Widowhood; Risk Factors; Questionnaires; Cross-Sectional Studies; Prevalence Abstract: To determine the prevalence and determinants of uninvestigated dyspepsia in the Iranian population. A cross-sectional study conducted in Tehran province from May 2006 to December 2007, included 18,180 adult persons selected randomly. The study took place at Shahid Beheshti University, MC, Tehran, Iran. A questionnaire was completed in 2 steps. In the first part, personal characteristics and 11 gastrointestinal symptoms were inserted. Those who reported at least one of these 11 symptoms were referred for the second interview, which consisted of questions on different gastrointestinal disorders based on Rome III criteria, including uninvestigated dyspepsia. The prevalence rate of uninvestigated dyspepsia was 8.5% [10.9% in women and 6.4% in men]. Among the subjects diagnosed with dyspepsia, bothersome postprandial fullness was the most common symptom [41.5%]. Uninvestigated dyspepsia was more common in low educated and widowed participants. Approximately 41.4% of patients had a history of depression, and 66.1% had self-report of stress. The prevalence of functional irritable bowel syndrome in patients with uninvestigated dyspepsia was 8.3% and Gastroesophageal reflux disease was 64.9%. Uninvestigated dyspepsia has a less common prevalence in the general Iranian population than developed countries. Women, older, obese, widowed, and low education subjects are more likely to suffer from dyspepsia. Echinacea A comparison study of the effects of Echinacea purpurea ethanolic extract and Mesna on cyclophosphamide indueed macroscopic fetaldefects in rats. Varzi, Hossein Najafzadeh; Mahabadi, Mahmood Khaksari E-mail:najafzadeh@scu.ac.ir Shahid Chamran University - Faculty of Veterinary Medicine - Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences 2009; 12 (1): 61-66 (29 ref.) Keywords: Mesna-therapeutic use; Antioxidants; Immunologic Factors; Cyclophosphamide-adverse effects; Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities; Cystitis-etiology; Cleft Palate-epidemiology; Rats, Wistar Abstract: There are some reports that the teratogenic effects of cyclophosphamide [CPA] can be prevented by application of antioxidant drugs and stimulation of the maternal immune system. Echinacea purpurea extract is antioxidative and immunomodulator drug. Mesna [Sodium 2-mercaptoethane sulfonate] is used for decreasing side effects of CPA, especially hemorrhagic cystitis. In this study, we compared the prophylactic effects of mesna and Echinacea extract on teratogenic effects of CPA. This study was performed on 32 pregnant rats that were divided into 4 groups. The first group [control group] received normal saline and the other groups received CPA [15 mg/kg intraperitonealy] on 13th day of gestation. Mesna and E. purpurea extracts were administrated at doses of 100 and 400 mg/kg by IP injection, respectively, along with it and 12 hr later, after CPA injection. Rats were dissected on day 20 of gestation, embryos harvested and after determination of gross malformations they were stained by Alizarin red-Alcian blue method. Cleft palate incidence was 38.46, 30.77 and 14.28% in fetuses of rats that received only CPA, CPA with mesna and CPA with Echinacea extract, respectively. In addition, skeletal anomalies incidence including limbs, vertebra, sternum, and scapula defects were decreased by Echinacea extract. E. purpurea has significant effect on preventing CPA-induced malformations and better prophylactic effect than mesna on cases like CPA-induced cleft palate. Education, Medical Physical environment status of educational clinics in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences: an inseparable part of teaching- learning process in clinic. Haghani, F.; Molabashi, R.; Jamshidian, S.; Memarzadeh, M. E-mail:haghani@edc.mui.ac.ir Isfahan University of Medical Sciences - Medical Education Research Center - Department of Medical Education IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   31 IJME - Iranian Journal of Medical Education 2009; 8 (2): 239-245 (17 ref.) Keywords: Ambulatory Care Facilities; Environment; Teaching Abstract: The trend of medical education is going toward ambulatory medicine and clinics and the effect of physical environment on teaching-learning process is undeniable. This study was performed to determine the frequency distribution of physical environment indices in educational clinics of hospitals affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. In a descriptive study, all educational clinics affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences [33 clinics] were investigated through census sampling method. The data gathering tool was a researcher-made checklist including features of a clinic and its qualitative and quantitative characteristics. Clinics were directly observed by the researcher. The data was analyzed by SPSS software and reported through descriptive indices. The highest frequencies in the clinics under investigation belonged to the domains of light [100%], facilities [78.8%], and arrangement of seats [84.8%]. The lowest frequency percentages belonged to the existence of anti-acoustic walls [0%], access to educational resources such as internet and computers [3%], and access to reference books [6.1%]. The physical environment of the investigated clinics was evaluated as weak regarding access to educational resources, as average regarding the existence of internal room, conditioning and access to facilities, and as very good in regard to the amount of light. Due to the lack of study in the field of physical environment, especially in clinical education, it is recommended to conduct further studies. Education, Medical, Continuing Determining the topics and content of CME programs in five selected subjects: comparing the view points of experts and target group; Tehran University of Medical Sciences experience. Zeyinlou, A.; Shirazi, M.; Alaedini, F.; Tofighi, H.; Pajoumand, A.; Seyrafi, H.; Akhoundzadeh, S.; Talebian, M.; Taghadosinejad, F.; Ahmadi, A.; Khanjani, H. E-mail:zeinaloo@tums.ac.ir Tehran University of Medical Sciences [TUMS] - Medical Education Development Center - Department of Medical Education IJME - Iranian Journal of Medical Education 2009; 8 (2): 255-262 (12 ref.) Keywords: Needs Assessment; Physicians, Family; Education, Medical; Cross-Sectional Studies; Questionnaires Abstract: One of the most appropriate methods for needs assessment is to assess learners' needs and arrange the educational programs based on their viewpoints. The aim of this study was to determine the topics and content of Continuing Medical Education [CME] programs in five selected subjects by medical education experts and target group, based on the real needs of General Practitioners [GPs] in order to revise CME national programs. In this cross- sectional applied study, 700 GPs covered by Medical Sciences Universities in Tehran province were studied. A questionnaire consisting of two parts of demographic features and 80 scientific questions regarding their knowledge in five domains of clinical pharmacology, skin diseases, toxicology, emergencies, and forensic medicine was used. The questionnaires were delivered to physicians' offices by trained personnel using a list or by direct referral to offices and then gathered. Three topics in each subject and 15 standard educational contents in total were developed for the target group. There was almost a complete relationship between the opinion of experts and target group in forensic medicine. Some of the first five priorities of the two groups overlapped in skin diseases, forensic medicine, and emergencies. No common viewpoints were observed between experts and target group in pharmacology. In toxicology, there was no common viewpoint in the first three selections of the two groups. Real educational needs of GPs in receiving new information in order to promote their competencies and knowledge were different from those considered by experts. It is recommended to design the educational content for the target groups in the health care field based on their real deficiencies in knowledge and practice and by assessing their views and knowledge. Education, Medical, Undergraduate [The stressing factors in clinical education: the viewpoints of students] Fard, M. Yazdankha; Pouladi, S.; Kamali, F.; Zahmatkeshan, N.; Mirzaei, K.; Akaberian, S.; Yazdanpanah, S.; Jamand, T.; Gharibi, T.; Khoramroudi, R.; Hajinezhad, F. E-mail:yazdan494@yahoo.com Boushehr University of Medical Sciences - School of Nursing and Midwifery - Department of Medical Surgical IJME - Iranian Journal of Medical Education 2009; 8 (2): 341-350 (24 ref.) Keywords: Students, Medical; Cross-Sectional Studies; Questionnaires; Stress, Psychological Abstract: Clinical education is a complicated process which is affected by several factors and variables. Thus the aim of this study was to determine the stressing factors in clinical education from the viewpoints of students of Boushehr University of Medical Sciences. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 334 students of Boushehr University of Medical Sciences were selected thorough census. The data gathering tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. This question-naire consisted of two parts of demographic data and 60 questions about stressing factors in clinical education in five areas. Data was analyzed by SPSS software using frequency distribution, mean, standard deviation, and Chi[2], variance analysis test. The humiliating experiences, educational environment, clinical experiences, unpleasant emotions, and interpersonal relationships areas were high stressing factors respectively. The most stressing factors were as teachers' notification in front of personnel and physicians, lack of facilities in ward, watching patients suffering from pain, solicitude about contagious disease transmission, and lack of teacher support respectively. Medical students are exposed to a variety of stressor factors. Thus establishing a supportive system during the first academic year and improving it throughout clinical education is necessary to equip medical students with effective coping skills. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   32 Education, Nursing Nursing students' and instructors' experience about nursing fundamental course: a qualitative study. Mahmoudirad, G.; Alhani, F.; Anousheh, M. E-mail:mahmoudirad@gmail.com Tarbiat Modares University - Department of Nursing IJME - Iranian Journal of Medical Education 2009; 8 (2): 293-303 (29 ref.) Keywords: Students, Nursing; Curriculum; Education; Qualitative Research; Clinical Competence Abstract: The situations affecting teaching and learning nursing fundamental course may influence acquiring competencies in primary clinical skills. Several reasons have been mentioned for this problem. The aim of this study was to describe the experiences and viewpoints of nursing students and instructors on nursing fundamental course. This was a qualitative study using thematic analysis method. Fifteen nursing students, 4 nursing instructors, the head nurse of operating ward, and two nurses graduated from the university in which the study was performed, were selected through purposive sampling and interviewed. All interviews were transcribed, analyzed. Using thematic analysis, a significant number of preliminary themes and 7 main themes each having few other sub-themes, were extracted. The main themes included educational factors, not respecting the standards in performing the techniques, the gap between theory and practice, motivation, human resources, communications, management staff, equipments, and physical environment. These main themes and other sub themes have been explained in the main article using direct statements of study samples. The results of this study revealed problems in communication in educational environment and interaction between instructor and students as well as lack of motivation among nursing instructors and students. These are the main principles of the appropriate teaching and learning. It is recommended that nursing education administrators pay more attention to these aspects of educational process and remove the causing factors. The viewpoints of nurses towards applicability of nursing curriculum in hospitals affiliated to Hamedan University of Medical Sciences. Borzu, R.; Safari M.; Khodavisi, M.; Torkaman, B. E-mail:edu@yahoo.com Hamedan University of Medical Sciences - School of Nursing and Midwifery - Department of Medical-Surgical IJME - Iranian Journal of Medical Education 2009; 8 (2): 205-211 (30 ref.) Keywords: Students, Nursing; Curriculum; Education; Hospitals, University; Cross-Sectional Studies; Questionnaires; Nurses Abstract: The appropriateness of nurses' educational program to their tasks in clinical practice is an inevitable fact. This study was performed to investigate the viewpoints of nurses employed in hospitals affiliated to Hamedan University of Medical Sciences towards the applicability of nursing curriculum presented during Bachelor of Nursing course. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 172 graduated nurses who were employed in hospitals affiliated to Hamedan University of Medical Sciences and met the inclusion criteria, were selected. A questionnaire containing demographic data and nursing educational programs was used for data gathering. This information included basic, main, specialized, and training courses as well as field training in nursing curriculum. After completing the questionnaires by nursing personnel, the data was analyzed by SPSS software. The highest and the lowest mean scores belonged to physiology [2.97], and vital statistics and research methods [1.62] in basic courses; pharmacology [3.45], and principles of epidemiology [2.58], in main courses; medical surgical diseases nursing 1 and 3 [3.46], and community health nursing 1 [2.34] in specialized courses, respectively. The highest and lowest mean scores in training courses belonged to medical surgical diseases 1 [3.38] and community health nursing [2.33], respectively. Regarding the field training course, the highest and the lowest mean scores belonged to medical surgical diseases 3 and 4 [3.38], and community health nursing [2.35], respectively. Based on the results of this study and considering the fact that most graduated nurses would be employed in medical surgical and critical wards at the beginning of their jobs in hospitals, it is recommended to pay more attention to medical surgical and critical courses in future curriculum planning in addition to conducting more studies in this field. [The effect of guided reciprocal peer questioning [GRPQ] on nursing students' critical thinking and metacognition skills]. Seyedin, A. Vaghar; Vanaki, Z.; Taghi, S.; Molazem, Z. E-mail:waghars@yahoo.com Tarbiat Modares University - Department of Nursing IJME - Iranian Journal of Medical Education 2009; 8 (2): 333-340 (24 ref.) Keywords: Thinking; Cognition; Questionnaires; Students, Nursing Abstract: Fostering critical thinking and Metacognition is one of the most important objectives in nursing education. This study was designed to investigate the effect of guided reciprocal peer questioning on nursing students' critical thinking and Metacognition skills. In this quasi experimental study, the experiment group included 30 nursing students in their 6th semester in Birjand Islamic Azad University. Two credit courses were presented in this group using guided reciprocal peer questioning. In the control group which included 28 nursing students, those two credit courses were presented using the routine lecture method. California Critical Thinking Skills Test [CCTST] [form B] was used for evaluating critical thinking skills, and metacognition was evaluated before and after intervention by met cognitive awareness questionnaire. The statistical analysis was done by SPSS software. Descriptive statistics, t-independent test, paired t-test; Chi-square, Mann Whitney, and Kappa were used in this study. Performing guided reciprocal peer questioning led to a significant increase in critical thinking skills scores in the experiment group compared to the control group. In spite of the increase in the mean score of met cognitive awareness of the experiment group, comparing the IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   33 mean difference of pre and post tests in the two groups showed no significant difference. Using guided reciprocal peer questioning in the education of nursing students may lead to developing critical thinking skills as one of the important missions of higher education. Eggs A study on the fungal contamination and prevalence of Aflatoxins and some antibiotic residues in table eggs. Salem, R.M.; El Kaseh, R.M.; El Diasty, Eman M. Omar El Mokhtar University - Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Arab Journal of Biotechnology 2009; 12 (1): 65-71 (29 ref.) Keywords: Food Contamination; Aflatoxins; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Prevalence; Fungi Abstract: A total of fifty random table egg samples were collected from EL-Beida city markets and subjected to mycological examination as well as the detection of residues of aflatoxin and inhibitory substances. The mean total mould and yeast counts of optically clean egg shell and soiled egg shell were 2.7 X 10[4] +/- 2.2 X 10[4] and 3.7 X 10[5] +/- 3.2 X 10[5], respectively. The mean mould and yeast count in egg content were 6.6 X 10[3] +/- 3.1 X 10[3] and 2.5 X 10[4] +/- 1.1 X 10[4], respectively. Aflatoxin residues were detected only in 7 samples and the mean aflatoxin content residues was 0.542 +/- 0.226 ppb. Residues of inhibitory substance were detected in 4% of the examined egg samples. Electroencephalography EEG as an easy diagnostic tool in differentiation of Alzheimer and non-Alzheimer dementia. Gokce, Fatih M.; Kececi, Hulusi; Demir, Serif; Ankarali, Seyit; Ankarali, Handan C. Duzce University - Medical School - Departments of Physiology Neurosciences 2009; 14 (2): 188-190 (5 ref.) Keywords: Alzheimer Disease-diagnosis; Dementia-diagnosis; Dementia-etiology; Dementia-classification Electrolytes blood Plasma electrolytes in healthy individuals and elective surgical patients in Khartoum. Abdalla, Ahmad Abdalazim; Abdalla, Elmuataz Elmansi University of Khartoum - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Physiology Sudan Journal of Medical Sciences 2009; 4 (2): 141-145 (9 ref.) Keywords: Sodium; Potassium; Calcium; Random Allocation; Spectrophotometry; Students, Medical; Surgical Procedure, Elective Abstract: This study aimed to investigate if the frequently observed low preoperative values of the plasma electrolytes Na[+], K[+], and Ca[+2] in our surgical patients, in Khartoum, is a reflection of their levels in the population at large or it is a genuine finding in patients. 90 male and female subjects were included in this study. 60 healthy, young and elderly individuals were selected randomly from amongst medical students and employees of the University of Khartoum. 30 elective orthopedic and general surgical patients were randomly selected from Khartoum teaching hospital. Plasma Na[+] and K[+] were measured using a digital flammometer, and plasma Ca[+2] was measured using a spectrophotometer. Results were compared to international data using the Z test. Comparison between the groups in the study was done using the student t-test. Plasma Na[+], K[+], and Ca[+2] of the healthy subjects and the surgical patients were found to be low compared to the international reference values. Plasma K[+] is higher and Ca[+2] is lower in the older subjects when compared to young ones. A larger study is needed to set the normal values for plasma electrolytes in Sudan. The high environmental temperature and nature of our diets could be the reason for the observed differences between our subjects and international reference values. Endometriosis genetics Polymorphic [CAG]n repeats in the androgen' receptor gene: a risk marker for endometriosis and uterine leiomyomas. Shaik, Noor Ahmad; Govindan, Sujatha; Kodati, Vijaylakshmi; Rao, Kaipa Prabhakar; Hasan, Qurratulain E-mail:qhasan2000@yahoo.com Vasavi Medical and Research Centre - Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Therapy 2009; 2 (1): 289-293 (43 ref.) Keywords: Endometriosis-epidemiology; Leiomyoma-genetics; Leiomyoma-epidemiology; Biological Markers; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Uterus-anatomy and histology; Androgens-physiology; Receptors, Androgen; Uterine Neoplasms; Polymorphism, Genetic; DNA Abstract: Endometriosis and uterine leiomyomas are leading hormone responsive, benign uterine disorders responsible for high morbidity in women of reproductive age group. A polymorphic [CAG] repeat length located in exon 1 of the androgen receptor [AR] gene has been proposed as a risk marker for both endometriosis and leiomyomas in IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   34 some ethnic groups. The present study was carried out to assess the frequency of AR [CAG]n repeat polymorphism as a risk marker for endometriosis and uterine leiomyomas in Asian Indian women. DNA was isolated from peripheral blood samples of 331 subjects, which include 90 endometriosis cases, 140 cases of leiomyomas and 101 healthy age- and sex-matched controls. PCR was carried out to amplify exon 1 of the AR gene. All the PCR amplicons were analysed initially on 2% agarose gel electrophoresis, followed by bidirectional sequencing to calculate the number CAG repeats in individuals. The CAG repeat ranges detected in endometriosis cases were 4-33 [Mode-19] and in leiomyomas cases 5-34 [Mode-20], whereas in controls it was 5-34 [Mode-22]. A distinct variation was observed in the three groups at 14, 18, 19, 20 and 22 [CAG]n repeats, which were statistically analyzed using chi-square and odds ratio tests. 19 CAG repeats were found to be higher in endometriosis cases [19.09%] when compared with conttrols [9.04%], while 20 CAG repeats were higher in leiomyomas cases [14.02%] compared to controls [6.14%]. A statistically significant [P < 0.05] association was observed in 19 and 20 CAG repeats in endometriosis and leiomyomas, respectively. This is the first report from an Asian Indian population proposing that 19 and 20 CAG repeats of the AR gene are associated with endometriosis and leiomyoma and can be regarded as high-risk markers. Endosonography Indications for endoscopic ultrasound and diagnosis on fine needle aspiration and cytology. Hussain, Tassawar; Salamat, Amjad; Farooq, Muhammad Asif; Hassan, Fayyaz; Hafeez, Muhammad Military Hospital - Department of Gastroenterology JCPSP - Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan 2009; 19 (4): 223-227 (25 ref.) Keywords: Biopsy, Fine-Needle-statistics and numerical data; Lymphatic Diseases-diagnosis; Pancreatic Neoplasms- diagnosis; Neoplasm Staging; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cytology Abstract: To determine common indications for requesting Endoscopic Ultrasound [EUS] and to describe the diagnosis made after endoscopic ultrasound/Fine-Needle Aspiration and Cytology [FNAC] during two years at a tertiary gastrointestinal unit. Cross-sectional descriptive study. The study was carried out in Gastrointestinal Department of Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, from March 2006 to February 2008. One hundred and eighty nine patients who underwent EUS during study period at Military Hospital were included in the study. Patients too ill [hypoxemic/hypotensive] to undergo procedure safely and those with complete esophageal blockage at upper end by tumour not allowing scope/EUS probe to advance beyond were excluded. EUS was done with Olympus Exera EUS 160, linear or radial scope, as required. EUS findings were recorded against indications as enlarged lymph nodes, tumour, staging, normal or incomplete. Fine-Needle Aspiration [FNA] was done as per findings on EUS using 21-22 G needle. An on-site cytopathologist made the provisional cytopathological diagnosis. Final cytology/histopathology report was given after review of slides by consultant histopathologists at Armed Forces Institute of Pathology [AFIP], Rawalpindi, and were documented as tuberculosis, malignancy, chronic pancreatitis or reactive hyperplasia. Data was analyzed for documentation of patients’ age, gender, common indications, findings on EUS/FNAC, using SPSS version 10. Percentages and frequencies were calculated for the presence of these above-mentioned variables. Of the 189 patients, 145 [77%] were male and 44 [23%] female. Age was 18-80 years [mean 49 years]. Major indications for referral were lymphadenopathy in 92 [49%], suspected growth pancreas in 57 [28%], growth of stomach in 20 [11%] and a heterogeneous group included esophageal, liver, retroperitoneal masses, rectal and other pathologies. Findings on EUS included lymphadenopathy in 76, mostly in sub-carina and AP window. Mass in pancreas was seen in 36, followed by stomach tumour in 17 and esophagus in 9. FNAC was done in 142 out of 189 patients. Final diagnosis out of 67 FNAC/histopathology of lymph nodes were tuberculosis in 26 and malignant lesions in 23. These included metastatic Adenocarcinoma in 8, Lymphoproliferative disorder in 7, metastatic squamous cell carcinoma in 5, small cell carcinoma in 2 and anaplastic in 1. Pancreatic tumours were Adenocarcinoma in 16, poorly differentiated in 3 and neuroendocrine in 2. Stomach tumours were found in 11, and included lymphomas 5, GIST 3, carcinoids 2, metastatic choriocarcinoma 1 and Adenocarcinoma in 1. Therapeutically, 3 celiac blocks and one pancreatic pseudo cyst drainage was done. The main indication of EUS and pathology of mediastinal and celiac nodes were metastatic malignancy and tuberculosis. Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma was another common cause for asking EUS. Epilepsy chemically induced Experimental epileptic discharge can be transmitted between 2 brains in rats. Abuhamed, Mutasem M.; Bo, Xiao; Zhi, Song Central South University - Affiliated Xiangya Hospital - Department of Neurology Neurosciences 2009; 14 (2): 128-130 (19 ref.) Keywords: Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Brain; Kindling, Neurologic; Penicillins; Hippocampus; Frontal Lobe; Electrodes; Electroencephalography; Seizures Abstract: To identify whether epileptic discharges can be conducted out of the brain according to the principle of a lightning rod. This experimental study was conducted at Central South University, Xiangya Hospital, Hunan, China between 2005 and 2008. Eighty Sprague-Dawley rats were implanted with intra hippocampus and intra frontal lobe electrodes, and randomized to 3 groups: [A] a group that was kindled via stimulation of intra-hippocampus injection of penicillin, [B] a group that was stimulated via a copper wire connected to the intra-hippocampus electrodes of group A, [C] a group composed of non-stimulated, control rats. The behavioral changes and epileptic form activity were assessed by both Racine Grade and electrocardiogram [ECoG]. The intrahippocampal ECoG recordings were coincident with clinical seizures, electrographic seizures occurred not only in the injected hippocampus group A rats, but also in the connected group B rats. However, there were no visible seizures or ECoG burst at any time in group C rats. Epileptic discharge can be conducted out of the brain, which may open new therapeutic approaches for epilepsy. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   35 Factor V genetics Prevalence of factor V Leiden mutation in patients with thrombosis in Tunisia. Ajem, A.; Slama, A.; Slama, F.B.H.; Mehjoub, T. Faculty of Medicine of Sousse - Immunogenetic Unit EMHJ - Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2009; 15 (6): 1483-1488 (24 ref.) Keywords: Mutation-genetics; Thrombosis-genetics; Prevalence; Polymerase Chain Reaction Abstract: This study determined the prevalence of inherited factor V Leiden mutation in a group of 128 thrombosis patients [102 with venous thrombosis and 26 with arterial thrombosis] attending a hospital in Sousse, Tunisia, and a control group of 100 with no history of thrombosis. Using an allele-specific PCR amplification technique, factor V Leiden was found in significantly more patients [20.3%] than controls [6.0%]. The higher prevalence was significant in the subgroup of venous thrombosis patients but not in arterial thrombosis patients. The allele frequency was 3.5% in the normal Tunisian population. Screening Tunisian patients with venous thrombosis and their relatives for factor V Leiden may be justified. Family Practice Family medicine in the Arab World: is it a Luxury? Alnasir, Faisal Abdul Latif Department of Family Medicina JBMS - Journal of the Bahrain Medical Society 2009; 21 (1): 191-192 (8 ref.) Keywords: Arab World; Delivery of Health Care; Education; Physicians, Family; History of Medicine Fasciitis, Necrotizing therapy Management dilemma of cervicofacial necrotizing fasciitis. Dhaif, Ghassan; Al Saati, Ameen; Cabs, Bassim M. Ashoor Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon JBMS - Journal of the Bahrain Medical Society 2009; 21 (1): 223-227 (20 ref.) Keywords: Fasciitis, Necrotizing-complications; Infection; Mortality; Necrosis; Risk Factors; Hyperbaric Oxygenation; Neck; Fasciitis, Necrotizing-mortality Abstract: Cervicofacial necrotizing fasciitis is a rare polymicroibial infection, which carries high morbidity as well as mortality rate. It is usually the result of rapid spread of infection along the fascial planes, causing necrosis of the fascia and overlying skin, which eventually involve the blood vessels and muscles. Early diagnosis is crucial in limiting the fatal consequences of the disease process and the establishment of the appropriate line of management. We discuss the management dilemma in selected cases treated at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Bahrain during the period 1 999-2006 and outline briefly the medical as well as the surgical management. Fasting Effects of Ramadan fasting on time perception task. Khazaie, Habibolah; Tahmasian, Masoud; Ekhtiari, Hamed; Safaei, Homan; Ganjgahi, Habib; Ghadami, Mohammad R. E-mail:ha_khazaie@yahoo.com Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences - Sleep Research Center - Department of Psychiatry Neurosciences 2009; 14 (2): 196-197 (5 ref.) Keywords: Islam; Cognition; Sleep; Social Behavior; Time Perception Feces microbiology Faecal carriage of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing bacteria in the community. Kader, A.A.; Kamath, K.A. E-mail:aakader@doctor.com Almana General Hospital - Department of Clinical Microbiology EMHJ - Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2009; 15 (6): 1365-1370 (25 ref.) Keywords: beta-Lactamases; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Fluoroquinolones-adverse effects; Risk Factors Abstract: We determined the faecal carriage of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-[ESBL]-producing bacteria in the community in Saudi Arabia. A total of 716 faecal specimens [from 505 healthy individuals and 211 community outpatients] were screened for ESBL using the double-disk synergy test and confirmed by the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute combined disk method. We found 91 [12.7%] isolates were ESBL-producers. Of these, 87 [95.6%] were Escherichia coli and 4 [4.4%] Klebsiella pneumoniae. A similar rate of faecal carriage of ESBL-producers was IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   36 demonstrated in community outpatients and healthy individuals: 62 [12.3%] healthy persons and 29 [13.7%] outpatients. We conclude that the community could be a reservoir of these ESBL-producing bacteria and enzymes. Fingersucking adverse effects Gangrenous thumbs of both hands post unusual method of thumb sucking prevention. Alkattan, Hisham Abd Alkarem E-mail:hishamalkattan@yahoo.com Mousl University - Mousl Medical College - Department of surgery Journal of the Arab Board of Medical Specializations 2009; 10 (1): 69-72 (19 ref.) Keywords: Finger sucking-therapy; Gangrene-diagnosis; Gangrene-surgery; Amputation; Mothers Abstract: Trial of stopping thumb sucking reflecting the parents worry about their infants and children, but using a covered nylon fixing with an elastic band to both thumbs represents unusual and not reported method as in the present case, ending with gangrene and amputation of both thumbs at the level of metacarpophalengeal joints. Foreign Bodies diagnosis Embedded esophageal foreign body. A diagnostic challenge. Bhat, Venkatraman S.; Al Saadi, Khalid A.; Bessiouni, Ibrahim E.; Tuffaha, Amjad S. E-mail:bvenkatraman@gmail.com Hamad Medical Corporation - Department of Radiology Saudi Medical Journal 2009; 30 (3): 433-435 (6 ref.) Keywords: Foreign Bodies-radiography; Esophageal Diseases-diagnosis; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Endoscopy, Digestive System; Child; Esophagus Abstract: Esophageal foreign body [EFB] ingestion is of ubiquitous occurrence in pediatric population. Diagnosis and precise localization of non-radio opaque FB poses considerable challenge. Delayed presentation, poor history, and inconclusive esophagoscopic findings often lead to diagnostic delay. Multidetector computed tomography [MDCT] could be a great option in these situations. We present a case of EFB in a child who presented with failure to thrive, had negative fibreoptic endoscopy, ultimately diagnosed conclusively on MDCT examination. Forensic Dentistry Forensic odontology. Al Amad, Suhail Hani E-mail:suhail_amad@hotmail.com University of Sharjah - College of Dentistry Smile Dental Journal 2009; 4 (1): 22-24 (13 ref.) Keywords: Denture Identification Marking; Forensic Anthropology; Domestic Violence; Child Abuse Abstract: Forensic Odontology is a relatively new science that utilizes the dentist's knowledge to serve the judicial system. Worldwide, dentists qualified in forensic science are giving expert opinion in cases related to human identification, bitemark analysis, craniofacial trauma and malpractice. Human identification relies heavily on the quality of dental records; however Forensic Odontologists can still contribute to the identity investigation in the absence of dental records through profiling the deceased person using features related to teeth. Along with other healthcare providers, dentists encounter cases of injuries, which could be non-accidental. Detection, interpretation and management are important from a legal and humanitarian point of view. Dentists should be aware of the legal impact those cases have, and should refer them to the appropriate authorities for suitable action. This article gives an insight to Forensic Odontology and outlines some of its medico-legal applications. Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia therapy Efficacy of argon plasma coagulation in gastric vascular ectasia in patients with liver cirrhosis. Bhatti, Muhammad Afzal; Khan, Anwaar A.; Alam, Altaf; Butt, Arshad K.; Shafqat, Farzana; Malik, Kashif; Amin, Joher; Shah, Waqar E-mail:afzalbhatti@hotmail.com Shaikh Zayed Hospital - Department of Gastroenterology JCPSP - Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan 2009; 19 (4): 219-222 (21 ref.) Keywords: Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia-diagnosis; Argon-therapeutic use; Liver Cirrhosis-complications; Hemoglobins; Telangiectasis; Endoscopy, Digestive System; Treatment Outcome; Blood Coagulation Abstract: To determine the efficacy of Argon Plasma Coagulation [APC] in terms of improvement in hemoglobin level and disappearance of telangiectasia as endoscopic treatment for Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia [GAVE] and Diffuse Antral Vascular Ectasia [DAVE] syndrome in liver cirrhosis. Quasi-experimental study. Department of Gastroenterology IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   37 and Hepatology of Shaikh Zayed Hospital/ Federal Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore, from January, 2006 to July, 2007. Cirrhotic patient with gastric vascular ectasia were enrolled and followed-up for 18 months with repeated sessions of APC. Efficacy of APC was evaluated on the basis of patient's symptoms, transfusion requirements and hemoglobin levels. APC was performed by using ERBE generator set at 60 W and flow rate 2.0 L/min using primarily endfiring probes. Fifty patients were enrolled in the study. Mean age was 55.78 +/- 1.24 years with 32 males and 18 females giving a male to female ratio 1.7:1. Forty-two patients were in Child's Class C and 8 in Child's Class B. Presenting complaints were malena and anemia. Two hundred and fifty three APC sessions were carried out; mean 5.06 + 1.5 sessions per patient. Mean follow-up period after the last session was 8.5 + 3.7 months. Mean increase in the hemoglobin level was 1.35 + 0.24 g/dl. There was no death of any patient during the study period. Treatment with APC is an effective and safe method to decrease blood loss in patients with GAVE and DAVE. Geniculate Bodies anatomy and histology Gradual increase in neuronal density of rats' lateral geniculate nucleus from anterior to posterior. Abdolrahmani, Mohammad; Jameie, Seyed B. E-mail:m.abdolrahmani@gmail.com Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences - Department of Anatomy Neurosciences 2009; 14 (2): 124-127 (24 ref.) Keywords: Neurosis; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Brain; Microscopy, Polarization Abstract: To clarify the organization of the rat lateral geniculate nucleus [LGN]. A total of 50 male Sprague-Dawley albino rats of 2 months of age were used in this study carried out in the Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran in Spring-Fall 2007. The rats were cardially perfused under deep ether anesthesia, first with a small amount of saline then with a fixative solution containing 4% par formaldehyde and 0.2% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer pH 7.2. The brains were removed, processed, and then 50 micro m coronal sections of the LGN were cut and divided into 3 groups: anterior, middle, and posterior third. Cresyl violet stained sections were studied by light microscopy and counts of neurons were carried out with Olysiabio report software of Olympus Microscope in every other section. We observed that the neuronal density in the anterior, middle, and posterior thirds were statistically different. The concentration of neuronal terminals and neuronal connections causes changes in neuronal density. Genital Diseases, Female epidemiology National study of reproductive tract infections among high risk groups of Lahore and Karachi. Rehan, N.; Bokhari, Asma; Nizamani, Naseer M.; Jackson, Denis; Naqvi, Hassan Raza; Qayyum, Kanwal; Mansoor, Samina; Muzaffar, Rana E-mail:nrehan@yahoo.com The Research Associates JCPSP - Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan 2009; 19 (4): 228-231 (14 ref.) Keywords: Genital Diseases, Male-epidemiology; Drug Users; Prevalence; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Enzyme- Linked Immunosorbent Assay; HIV; Syphilis; Gonorrhea; Chlamydia Infections; Vaginosis, Bacterial; Hepatitis C; Cross-Sectional Studies; Questionnaires Abstract: To estimate the prevalence of reproductive tract infections [RTIs] among the Female Sex Workers [FSWs], Male Sex Workers [MSWs], Injecting Drug Users [IDUs] and truck drivers. Cross-sectional. Lahore and Karachi, from March to August, 2004. Four hundred FSWs, 400 MSWs, 200 eunuchs, 400 IDUs and 400 truck drivers were interviewed and examined. Biological testing included PCR and ELISA. The mean prevalence of syphilis was 17.7% [95% CI:15.1-20.3%]. Genital gonorrhoea was found among 0.8-12.3% of subjects with mean of 4.5% [95% CI: 0.8- 5.2%]. Genital chlamydia was seen in 0.2-11% individuals with mean of 2.6% [95% CI: 21-3.1%]. Trichomonas was present in 19.3% FSWs of Lahore and 5.52% FSWs of Karachi. Only 0.8% truckers in Lahore had trichomonas. In Lahore, 47.6% FSWs and in Karachi, 27.4% FSWs were positive for bacterial vaginosis. A vast majority of IDUs, 91.8% in Lahore and 87% in Karachi were hepatitis C positive. The prevalence of syphilis is very high among all high- risk groups; particularly so among eunuchs [60.2% in Karachi and 32.3% in Lahore]. Such a high levels of RTIs indicate a serious threat for HIV epidemic because of socially transmitted infection. Gitelman Syndrome diagnosis A rare case of Gitelman's syndrome with hypophosphatemia. Akhtar, Naureen; Hafeez, Farkhanda E-mail:naureenakhtar@hotmail.com The Children's Hospital and Institute of Child Health - Department of Nephrology JCPSP - Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan 2009; 19 (4): 257-259 (11 ref.) Keywords: Hypophosphatemia; Gitelman Syndrome-genetics; Hypokalemia; Alkalosis; Magnesium-blood; Calcium- Urine; Gitelman Syndrome-therapy IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   38 Abstract: Gitelman's syndrome is a hereditary disorder occurring due to loss of functional mutations of the gene encoding the distal convoluted tubule sodium chloride cotransporter [NCCT] and is characterized by Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, hypomagnesaemia and hypocalciuria. This case reports an adolescent girl presenting with episodes of carpopedal spasms and difficulty in walking with laboratory tests suggestive of Gitelman's syndrome along with hypophosphatemia. Guillain-Barre Syndrome diagnosis Childhood Guillain Barre syndrome. Barzegar, H. E-mail:mm_barzegar@yahoo.com Tabriz University of Medical Sciences - Tabriz Children Hospital - Department of Pediatric Neurology IJCN - Iranian Journal of Child Neurology 2009; 3 (1): 7-14 (31 ref.) Keywords: Guillain-Barre Syndrome-epidemiology; Guillain-Barre Syndrome-therapy; Cerebrospinal Fluid-chemistry; Myelitis, Transverse; Myasthenia Gravis; Tick Paralysis; Botulism; Child Abstract: The Guillan-Barre syndrome [GBS] is characterized by the acute onset of rapidly progressive, symmetric muscle weakness with absent or decreased deep tendon reflexes. GBS is the most common cause of acute flaccid paralysis in childhood, with an incidence of 0.6-4 per 100000 Population per year. The clinical features are district and obtaining patient's history and conducting and examination generally lead to the diagnosis that can be confirmed by supportive laboratory tests and electrodiagnostic studies. The major considerations in differential diagnosis include transverse myelities, toxic neuropathy, tick paralysis, infantile butolism and myasthenia gravis. Although most, children with GBS have a relatively care monitoring. Immunomodulating treatment should be used for any child who loses the ability to walk. Habits Health habits and behaviour of adolescent schoolchildren, Taif, Saudi Arabia. Abou Zeid, A.H.; Hifnawy, T.M.; Abdel Fattah, M. E-mail:alaabouzeid@yahoo.com Cairo University - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Public Health EMHJ - Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2009; 15 (6): 1525-1534 (27 ref.) Keywords: Behavior; Students; Schools; Cross-Sectional Studies; Smoking; Prevalence; Overweight; Body Mass Index; Health Abstract: The aim of this study was to provide data regarding habits, behavior, problems and needs regarding health in adolescent children from a military community at Al Hada and Taif, Saudi Arabia which could guide school health programmes. We carried out a cross-sectional study on 284 preparatory and secondary school students. Prevalence of smoking was 21.3% among males and 4.9% among females. The rate of overweight was 20.8%. Driving without a license was reported by 68.8% of students and 82.3% said they didn't fasten seat belts. However, we recorded a high rate of physical activity, 75.0% overall. Hand Injuries diagnosis Scaphoid fracture with ipsilateral fracture dislocation of the metacarpals: a rare fracture pattern. Syed, Shakir; Shah, Mian Munawar E-mail:shakirsyed@doctors.org.uk The University Hospital Birmingham NHS Trust - Selly Oak Hospital - Department of Trauma JCPSP - Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan 2009; 19 (4): 260-261 (10 ref.) Keywords: Hand Injuries-therapy; Metatarpal Bones-injuries; Scaphoid Bone-injuries; Fractures, Bone-radiography; Casts, Surgical; Dislocations Abstract: Scaphoid fracture with ipsilateral metacarpal fracture dislocation is very rare. A unique case of this injury is reported. It is important to be aware of this fracture pattern so that appropriate evaluation and treatment can be instituted. Thorough clinical and radiographic examination at the initial presentation of the patient is the key to identify uncommon combination of injuries. Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice Knowledge, attitude and practices regarding leprosy among general practitioners at Hyderabad. Bajaj, Doulat Rai; Matlani, Bhajan Lal; Soomro, Farooque Rehman; Iqbal, Muhammad Pervaiz E-mail:doulat01@yahoo.com Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences - Department of Dermatology JCPSP - Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan 2009; 19 (4): 215-218 (19 ref.) Keywords: Attitude of Health Personnel; Physicians, Family; Leprosy-microbiology; Leprosy-epidemiology; Cross- Sectional Studies; Questionnaires IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   39 Abstract: To assess the level of knowledge, social attitude towards patients, and diagnostic and management capabilities of general practitioners [KAP] regarding leprosy, practicing at Hyderabad, Pakistan. Cross-sectional study. Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan, during October to December 2007. A pre-tested and well-structured questionnaire consisting of 54 questions was administered to general practitioners working at various areas in Hyderabad. The questions were grouped under different headings and covered clinical features, common and uncommon presentations, complications, referral practices and stigma. The sum of correct answers marked by doctors was taken to classify the respondents. The doctors who responded correctly for up to 10 questions were assigned level 1 [poor], from 11 to 25: level 2 [average], from 26 to 40: level 3 [good], while those who marked correct answers for more than 40 questions were assigned level 4 [excellent]. Chi-square test was used to determine significance at p < 0.05. A total of 200 doctors were surveyed. Fourteen doctors [7%] had poor knowledge of disease [number of correct answers less than 10], 32 [16%] had average [number of correct answers between 11 and 25], 140 [70%] doctors good [number of correct answers between 26 and 40] while 14 [7%] had excellent [number of correct answers more than 40] knowledge of the disease. There is inconsistency and deficiencies in the knowledge, referral pattern and treatment of leprosy among general practitioners, which needs to be improved by conducting awareness activities. Health Promotion Female youth health promotion model in primary health care: a community-based study in rural Upper Egypt. El Nouman, A; El Derwi, D.; Abdel Hai, R.; Abou Zeina, H. University of Cairo - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Public Health and Community Medicine EMHJ - Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2009; 15 (6): 1513-1524 (24 ref.) Keywords: Primary Health Care; Health Surveys; Rural Population; Health Education; Knowledge; Perception Abstract: The health status of underprivileged young females is a global concern. This intervention study in rural Upper Egypt used an integrated approach to develop a model for primary care health promotion services to female adolescents. An initial household survey and focus group discussions identified the health problems of a sample of 671 adolescent women aged 12-20 years recruited from one village. Interventions included training courses for health care providers on relevant health topics and on client-provider interaction skills; community and local authority mobilization; and health education sessions and a special record system for the women. An increase was seen in the utilization of primary care services. Heart Defects, Congenital complications Total anomalous pulmonary veins connection: the perioperative risk factors. Diab, Yousef E-mail:ducvsc@mail.sy Damascus University - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Cardiac Surgery Journal of the Arab Board of Medical Specializations 2009; 10 (1): 60-63 (7 ref.) Keywords: Heart Defects, Congenital-diagnosis; Heart Defects, Congenital-classification; Risk Factors; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures; Mortality; Retrospective Studies; Echocardiography; Lung Diseases- complications; Pulmonary Veins-abnormalities; Perioperative Care Abstract: Operative reconstruction of total anomalous pulmonary veins connection [TAPVC] in the literature has high morbidity and mortality. The aim of the study was to investigate the Perioperative risk factors to lower the mortality rate. We retrospectively studied the cases of 42 infants operated for Total Anomalous Pulmonary Veins Connection between August 2002 to August 2007 at Damascus University Cardiovascular Surgical Center. We evaluate the role of right ventricle pressure, Left Ventricle End Diastolic Volume [LVEDN], the anatomical type of anomalous, age and weight of patients, pulmonry infections and delay in doing surgery as Perioperative risk factors. Our study demonstrates that neither Left Ventricle End Diastolic Volume nor RV pressure were risk factors. Pulmonary infections secondary to long-standing pulmonary congestion was the only important risk factor. It is highly recommended to operate in the first months of life before the occurring of any pulmonary infection. Heart Diseases diagnosis [Hanging by a thread] left ventricular thrombus in an asymptomatic soldier. Chamsi Pasha, Mohammed A.; Anwar, Ashraf M.; Nosir, Youssef F.; Chamsi Pasha, Hassan King Abdul Aziz University - Department of Cardiology Saudi Medical Journal 2009; 30 (3): 436-438 (9 ref.) Keywords: Heart Diseases-etiology; Heart Diseases-therapy; Thrombosis; Anticoagulants-therapeutic use; Echocardiography; Embolism; Military Personnel Abstract: A mobile and pedunculated left ventricular mass was incidentally detected on transthoracic echocardiography in a 32-year old asymptomatic soldier. Because of the mobility of the mass and the uncertainty of its nature, the risk of embolization was considered to be high, and hence surgical removal was recommended but the patient opted for anticoagulation therapy. The mass resolved within 6 weeks without any embolic or bleeding complications. No recurrence of the thrombus was observed during a 12-month follow up period. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   40 Heart Neoplasms diagnosis Cutaneous pigmentation and palpitations: a sign of familial atrial myxoma? Taghipour, Hamid Reza; Dadjou, Yahya; Motamedi Mohammad Hasan Kalantar; Motamedi, Mohammad Hosein Kalantar; Moharramzad Yashar JCPSP - Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan 2009; 19 (4): 266 (5 ref.) Keywords: Heart Neoplasms-epidemiology; Heart Neoplasms-genetics; Myxoma-diagnosis; Skin Pigmentation; Echocardiography; Cardiac Surgical Procedures Helicobacter Infections Salivary anti-Helicobacter pylori positivity among endoscopy patients with chronic liver disease. Feteih, R.; Abdel Salam, M.; Jamjoom, H.; Akbar, H. King Abdulaziz University - Faculty of Dentistry EMHJ - Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2009; 15 (6): 1371-1378 (28 ref.) Keywords: Helicobacter pylori; Saliva-microbiology; Endoscopy; Liver Diseases; Chronic Disease; Sensitivity and Specificity; Case-Control Studies; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Abstract: In this study, endoscopy patients with and without chronic liver disease [CLD] were examined and tested for Helicobacter pylori infection by detecting the presence of serum and salivary anti-H. pylori antibody. The validity of these measures was compared with Campylobacter-like organism analysis [gold standard] performed on patients requiring gastric biopsy. Among 114 patients with CLD and 50 without, the commonest endoscopy diagnosis was gastritis [27.2%]. Salivary H. pylori positivity was significantly associated with older age. Salivary anti-H. pylori antibody positivity showed low sensitivity [36.6%] and high specificity [75.8%] in CLD patients. Hematoma, Epidural, Cranial surgery Management and outcome of posterior fossa extradural hematoma and management outcome. Lehri, Shabir Ahmed; Agha, Syed Farid-ud-din; Tareen, Muhamad Saleh; Lehri, Iqbal Ahmed; Goraya, Azimullah Asif Jah E-mail:shabirlehri@hotmail.com BMC Complex Hospital - Department Bolan Medical College Medical Forum Monthly 2009; 20 (1): 25-27 (15 ref.) Keywords: Hematoma, Epidural, Cranial-diagnosis; Hematoma, Epidural, Cranial-mortality; Cranial Fossa, Anterior; Treatment Outcome; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Disease Management Abstract: Presentation of patients with CT proven extradural hematoma their management and outcome. 12 patients of posterior fossa extradural hematoma were included in the study. Excellent recovery was found in 50% good in 25% and poor in 16.6% and 8.33% was died. Hemosiderosis diagnosis Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis. Almutairi, Abdullah; Behbehani, Nasser; Mohammed, Tareq M.M.A. E-mail:doctorq8@gmail.com Mubarak Alkabeer Hospital - Department of Medicine KMJ - Kuwait Medical Journal 2009; 41 (2): 146-148 (13 ref.) Keywords: Hemosiderosis-pathology; Lung Diseases; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency; Hemoptysis; Respiratory Insufficiency; Steroids-therapeutic use; Age Factors; Immunosuppressive Agents Abstract: Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis [IPH] is a rare disorder that is usually characterized by the triad of bilateral pulmonary infiltrates; hemoptysis and iron deficiency anemia. The disease is well known to affect the pediatric age group with conflicting treatment trials. We report a case of a 19 year- old girl with IPH and respiratory failure who had excellent initial response to systemic steroids. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case in this age group in the region. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   41 Hepatitis B epidemiology Prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen in a Saudi hospital population. Al Wayli, Hessa M. E-mail:Iizgl26@yahoo.com Ministry of Health - Al Yamamah Hospital Saudi Medical Journal 2009; 30 (3): 448-449 (5 ref.) Keywords: Hepatitis B Surface Antigens-diagnostic use; Hepatitis B Vaccines; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies Hepatitis B Vaccines immunology Evaluation of the immune response to Hepatitis B vaccine in different age groups of the population of Sana'a - Yemen. Al Shamahy, Hassan A.; Al Moyed, Tageia Abdul Karim; Al Medhagi, Anwar G. Ministry of Health - Central Health Laboratory JBMS - Journal of the Bahrain Medical Society 2009; 21 (1): 201-206 (31 ref.) Keywords: Immune System; Immunization; Age Factors; Sex Factors; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Hepatitis B Antibodies; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; Voccination Abstract: The study was made to evaluate the immune response to HBV among individuals with different ages and sexes by measuring the level of circulating anti-HBs antibodies over an interval of 1 to 5 years after immunization with the three doses of hepatitis B vaccine. A total of 300 individuals vaccinated against HBV prior to the study were included, of whom males represent 47.7% and females 52.3% with a mean age of 26.67 years. Sera were tested for HBsAg and anti-HBc by qualitative ELISA and anti-HBs by ELISA quantitative technique. The individual's data were collected in a pie-designed questionnaire including: vaccination date, number of doses of vaccine, sex, occupation and age at the time of the present study. Two hundred and sixteen [81.2%] of 266 individuals [lacking both HBsAg and anti- HBc] responded to the vaccine with anti-HBs antibody level >/= mlu/ml. Thirty-four [11.3] of 300 individuals were reactive to anti-HBc, indicating an immune response due to previous infection rather than vaccination. Seven [2.3%] of all vaccinated individuals were reactive to HBsAg, indicating infection, Individuals having ages < 15 years had the highest immune response [89.8%] with antibody level >/= 10 mlu/ml. There was no difference in response at ages from 16-35 [82.8%], while the lowest response was obtained at ages > 36 years [66.7%]. The present study included two vaccination schedules, the first one at 0,1,2 months, showing an immune response of 62.2%, while the second schedule at 0,1,6 months showed a greater immune response of 83.1%. Individuals immunized with a yeast-derived vaccine had higher anti-HB5 levels [81.9%], than those immunized with a plasma-derived vaccine [79.8%]. The year intervals [1-5 years] after primary immunization showed no difference in the immune response. This study revealed a high response rate to the vaccine. However, a considerable proportion of vaccinated individuals remain to be reconsidered for either revaccination or booster doses due to nonexistent, inadequate, or low response. The schedule of 0, 1, and 6 months was more efficient in inducing antibodies towards the vaccine than the 0, 1, 2 months schedule. Hepatitis, Autoimmune diagnosis Autoimmune hepatitis and hepatitis C infection: diagnostic dilemma. Al Hashash, Wafaa Ahmed Al Sabah Hospital - Internal Medicine - Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Liver Transplant New Egyptian Journal of Medicine [The] 2009; 40 (1): 46-50 (16 ref.) Keywords: Hepatitis C, Chronic-diagnosis; Hepatitis C, Chronic-therapy; Diagnosis, Differential; Autoantibodies; Hypergammaglobulinemia; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Interferons; Hepatitis, Autoimmune-therapy Abstract: The evidence for an association between autoimmune forms of chronic hepatitis and hepatitis C virus [HCV] infection is controversial. Although anti-liver kidney microsomal antibody-positive autoimmune chronic hepatitis appears to be associated with HCV infection, evidence of such an association is less convincing with other subtypes of autoimmune chronic hepatitis. Autoantibodies are frequently found in patients with chronic hepatitis C, although usually in low titers which suggests that HCV elicits an immune response in the host. In a small subset of patient with chronic hepatitis C, autoantibodies are seen in high titers along with hyper gamma globulinemia, which further clouds the distinction between autoimmune chronic hepatitis and chronic hepatitis C. This has important therapeutic implications because inappropriate treatment of autoimmune chronic hepatitis with interferon-based therapy may exacerbate liver disease. Conversely, corticosteroid therapy for chronic hepatitis C may enhance HCV replication, which could worsen underlying liver disease. Few data are available to show how patients with features of both autoimmune hepatitis and chronic hepatitis C should be treated. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   42 Hepatolenticular Degeneration diagnosis Neurological and other manifestations of Wilson disease; 1998-2005. Fallah, A. E-mail:azarfalah@yahoo.com Shahid Beheshti Medical University - Loghman Hospital IJCN - Iranian Journal of Child Neurology 2009; 3 (1): 35-41 (21 ref.) Keywords: Hepatolenticular Degeneration-complications; Hepatolenticular Degeneration-drug therapy; Copper-blood; Copper-urine; Ceruloplasmin; Ascites; Anemia, Hemolytic; Jaundice; Penicillamine-therapeutic use Abstract: Wilson disease [WD] is an inherited copper metabolism dysfunction disease characterized by cirrhosis and CNS findings. Wilson disease is important because it is fatal not recognized and treated. Our Goa of study is to investigate the clinical signs and symptoms, lab results and other relevant matters in our patients in order to obtain a better understanding of this potentially lethal disease in our country. We have evaluated 21 cases of children with Wilson disease who were referred to Loghman and Imam Hussein Hospital between years 1998-2005. The mean age of our patients was 9 years. The presenting symptom was ascites and extremity edema in 6[28.5%] patients, behavioral changes or neurological signs in 5[24%] simultaneous Ascites and icter in 9[43%] patients and in one patient the presenting manifestation was hemolytic anemia [4.8%]. One of our patients died because of fulminant hepatitis in the course of admission [4.8%]. We showed in this study that Wilson disease can be presented by a manifold symptom in children and adolescence. Having a good concept of these symptoms in high clinical suspicious are required to diagnose this potentially lethal disease at the proper time in order to decrease the potential adverse effects of the disease especially the neuropsychiatric damages significantly. Hernia, Diaphragmatic diagnosis Obstructed Bochdaleck diaphragmatic hernia in a child girl. Kella, Nandlal; Rathi, Prem Kumar; Qureshi, Mohammad Ali E-mail:nckella@yahoo.com Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences - General Surgery - Department of Paediatric Surgery JCPSP - Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan 2009; 19 (4): 252-253 (8 ref.) Keywords: Hernia, Diaphragmatic-complications; Hernia, Diaphragmatic-surgery; Intestinal Obstruction-Radiography; Intestinal Obstruction-diagnosis; Child; Laparotomy; Radiography, Abdominal Abstract: A five-year-old female child presented with intestinal obstruction. X-ray abdomen and chest showed multiple air-fluid levels in abdomen and a single gas shadow with air-fluid level in left hemithorax. Ultrasound confirmed the presence of gut loop in left side of chest. Laparotomy was carried out with repositioning of intestinal loops in abdominal cavity and closure of posterolateral diaphragmatic defect with non-absorbable suture. Patient recovery was uneventful. As soon as diagnosis of diaphragmatic hernia is made, surgical intervention should be made to prevent fatal complications. History of Medicine Anatomy of the eye from the view of Ibn Al Haitham [965-1039]. The founder of modern optics. Unal, Nedim; Elcioglu, Omur E-mail:nunal@ogu.edu.tr Eskisehir Osmangazi University - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Anatomy Saudi Medical Journal 2009; 30 (3): 323-328 (16 ref.) Keywords: History, Medieval; Islam-histroy; Eye-anatomy and histology; Lens, Crystalline; Optic Nerve; Cornea; Retina; Iris Abstract: Ibn Al-Haitham [known as Alhazen in Latin [965 Basra, Iraq-1039, Cairo, Egypt]] was a scientist who played an important role in the middle age Islam world. He wrote many books and novels, but only 90 of them are known. His main book Kitab al-Manazir was translated into Western languages in the late twelfth century, and in the early thirteenth century. In this book, he formulated many hypotheses on optical science. The book, which is also known as Optic treasure [opticae thesaurus], affected many famous Western scientists. He became an authority until the seventeenth century in the Eastern and Western countries. Roger Bacon [1212-1294], who made radical changes in the Western optical traditions, reconfirmed Ibn Al-Haitham’s findings. Ibn al-Haitham began his book Kitab al-Manazir with the anatomy and physiology of the eye. He specifically described cornea, humor aqueous, lens, and corpus vitreum. He examined the effect of light on seeing. He caused changes in the prevailing ideas of his age, and suggested that light came from objects, not from the eye. He provided information regarding the optic nerve, retina, iris, and conjunctiva. He showed the system of the eye as a dioptric, and the relations between the parts of the eye. It is understood that he mastered all knowledge on the structure of the eye in his century. The best proof of this is the eye picture that he drew. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   43 HIV Infections epidemiology Health point prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus and pulmonary tuberculosis among patients in various parts of Delta State, Nigeria. Jemikalajah, Johnson D.; Okogun, Godwin Ray A. Central Hospital - The Medical Laboratory Department Saudi Medical Journal 2009; 30 (3): 387-391 (19 ref.) Keywords: Tuberculosis, Pulmonary-epidemiology; Prevalence; World Health Organization; Staining and Labeling; Prospective Studies; HIV Abstract: To assess the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] and pulmonary tuberculosis [PTB] in the study population in Delta State of Nigeria. Two hundred and five patients suspected of HIV and TB were prospectively studied in Kwale, Agbor and Eku in Delta State of Nigeria from February 2006 to February 2008. Human immunodeficiency virus status was determined using World Health Organization systems II, and Zeihl Nelson staining technique was used for TB screening. A health point prevalence rate of 53.2% was obtained for HIV, 49.3% for TB, and 16.6% for HIV/TB. The population of HIV positive [p=0.890, p=0.011, p=0.006] and TB positive [p=0.135, p=0.0003, p=0.0001] subjects were statistically significant among the suspected subjects while the HIV/TB positive cases were not statistically significant [p=0.987, p=0.685, p=0.731]. Our study showed that HIV and PTB infections remains high in parts of Delta State in Nigeria. Hodgkin Disease Clinical characteristics and outcome of pediatric patients with stage IV Hodgkin lymphoma. Belgaumi, Asim; Al Kofide, Amani A.; Khafaga, Yasser; Joseph, Nicey; Jamil Malik, Rubina; Siddiqui, Khawar S.; Sabbah, Rajeh, S. E-mail:belgaumi@kfshrc.edu.sa King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre - Department Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, MBC53 Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Therapy 2009; 2 (1): 278-284 (27 ref.) Keywords: Treatment Outcome; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Neoplasm Staging; Remission Induction; Survival Rate; Retrospective Studies; Bone Marrow Examination; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Child Abstract: While treatment outcomes for patients with Hodgkin lymphoma [HL] have improved remarkably, patients with disseminated disease still have a poorer outcome. Stage IV HL is often reported with other “advanced stage” categories, confusing the specific contribution of disease dissemination to the outcome. This single-institution report looks at characteristics and outcomes of this specific category. The medical records of pediatric HL patients [<14 years] from 1975 through 2003 were retrospectively reviewed and the data analyzed. Stage IV patients [n=67] had more poor -risk characteristics than patients in stages I-III [n=300] [B symptoms 86.6% vs. 19.3%, bulky disease 57.6% vs. 45.5% and mediastinal mass 77.6% vs. 29.7%; P < .001 for all characteristics]. The liver was the most common extra lymphatic site [in 51.5% of patients with stage IV disease. Stage IV patients received chemotherapy [CT] alone [n=55] or combined modality therapy [CMT] [n=12]. Fifty-four patients [80.6%] achieved complete remission, 2 [3%] partial remission, 10 [14.9%] had progressive disease and 1 was lost to follow up. Overall survival was 79.4% and event-free survival [EFS] was 63.9% at 5 years. There was a non-significant benefit for CMT [OS=91.7% v. 77.1%, P=.3; EFS=70.7% v. 62.7%, P=.3]. Ten of 12 relapsed and only 1 of 10 progressive disease patients were salvaged. On multivariate analysis, failure to achieve complete remission with CT was associated with a poorer outcome. Stage IV disease is associated with poor risk features and confers a worse outcome than stage I-III disease. Achievement of complete remission with CT is an important prognostic feature. Slow responders may require novel and/or aggressive therapy to achieve complete remission. Homocysteine blood Plasma homocysteine levels in cardiovascular disease, malaria and protein-energy malnutrition in Sudan. Abdel Gader, A.G.M.; Abdullah, S.H.; Kordofani, A.Y. E-mail:amagader@hotmail.com King Saud University - College of Medicine - Coagulation Laboratory, Department of Physiology EMHJ - Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2009; 15 (6): 1432-1439 (24 ref.) Keywords: Cardiovascular Diseases-blood; Malaria-blood; Protein-Energy Malnutrition-blood; Risk Factors; Enzyme- Linked Immunosorbent Assay Abstract: This study investigated the role of hyperhomocysteinaemia as a risk factor in Sudanese adults suffering from cardiovascular disease or malaria and children with protein-energy malnutrition. Mean total plasma homocysteine levels [micro mol/L] were significantly higher in patients with coronary heart disease [17.64; SD 11.68] recurrent venous thrombosis [5.06; SD 10.55] and recurrent malaria [13.61; SD 4.82] than in healthy adult controls [7.85; SD 3.39]. The mean homocysteine level was also significantly higher in children with protein-energy malnutrition [8.41; SD 1.61] than in healthy control children [5.72; SD 1.99]. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   44 Hypertension drug therapy Control of emergence hypertension after craniotomy for brain tumor surgery. Goma, Hala M.; Ali, Mostafa Z. E-mail:ahmeda1995@yahoo.com Cairo University - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Anesthesia Neurosciences 2009; 14 (2): 167-171 (14 ref.) Keywords: Piperidines-therapeutic use; Piperidines-administration and dosage; Propanolamines-therapeutic use; Propanolamines-administration and dosage; Systolic Pressure; Antihypertensive Agents; Propanolamines- contraindications; Craniotomy-adverse effects; Brain Neoplasms-surgery; Prospective Studies Abstract: To compare the anti-hypertensive effects of both remifentanil and esmolol infusion. This prospective comparative study was conducted on 20 patients [10 patients in each group], in the Neurosurgical Theater of Kasr Elaini Hospital, Cairo, Egypt from 2006 to 2008. The patients were divided into 2 equal groups. In group one, remifentanil was used as a bolus of one ug/kg intravenous [iv] in 30-60 seconds, followed by infusion at a rate of 0.25- 0.5 ug/kg/min until the systolic blood pressure was < 140 mm Hg. In group 2, esmolol was given as a 500 ug/kg iv bolus in 30 seconds followed by continued infusion of 100-300 ug/kg/min until systolic blood pressure was < 140 mm Hg. Infusion was continued until the patients left the post anesthesia care unit [PACU]. The onset time of decreasing blood pressure was shorter in group 2 [40 +/- 0.01 seconds] than group one [52.5 +/- 4.47 seconds]. The PACU and hospital stay were comparable between both groups. Remifentanil can be used to control blood pressure during emergence of anesthesia after craniotomy for brain tumors. It has higher rapid recovery score than esmolol and other narcotics. In addition, it can be used when esmolol is contraindicated such as in cardiac patients, asthmatics, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or during pregnancy. Also, it decreases the need for postoperative analgesia and allows sedation if the infusion is continued as surgical patients are admitted to the ICU. genetics The lipoprotein lipase hind III polymorphism and the susceptibility to hypertension. Hemimi, Neveen Salah Eldin; Abdel Salam, Mona Mohamed; Abdel Wahab, Mahmoud A. E-mail:neveen59@yahoo.com Ain Shams University - Faculty of Medicine - Biochemistry Department EJB - Egyptian Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology [The] 2009; 27 (1): 129-144 (50 ref.) Keywords: Lipoprotein Lipase; Polymorphism; Triglycerides-blood; Lipoproteins, HDL Cholesterol-blood; Genotype; Anthropometry; Body Mass Index; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Lipid Metabolism; Risk Factors Abstract: Lipoprotein lipase [LPL] enzyme plays a central role in lipid metabolism. The primary function of LPL enzyme is the hydrolysis of the core triglycerides of circulating chylomicron and very low density lipoprotein [VLDL]. It releases monoglycerides and free fatty acids, which are taken up by skeletal muscle or adipose tissue. The present work aimed to study the association of the common variant of LPL Hind lII [H+] and hypertension. Hind lll [+] variant allele of LPL were determined by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism [PCR-RFLP] assay in 150 hypertensive patients and 150 normotensive as a control group. Serum lipoproteins were also observed in both groups. Allele frequencies were H+ = 0.733 and H- = 0.267 for LPL Hind lll in the hypertension group compared to H+ = 0.683 and H- = 0.317 in the control group. Individuals with homozygous [H+/+] genotype were at higher risk of developing hypertension compared to the [H-/-] genotype [Odds Ratio OR = 2.13, 95% Confidence Interval CI = 0.937- 4.8]. Serum TG level were also higher in the individuals with [H+/+] genotype compared to the [H-/-] genotype, while HDL showed negative correlation with the presence of [H+/+] genotype. It can be concluded that the LPL Hind lll [H+] variant of LPL may influence the blood lipid metabolism and increase risk for hypertension. prevention and control Awareness, treatment and control of hypertension, dyslipidaemia and diabetes mellitus in an Iranian population: the IHHP study. Shirani, S.; Kelishadi, R.; Sarrafzadegan, N.; Khosravi, A.; Sadri, Gh.; Amani, A.; Heidari, S.; Ramezani, M.A. Isfahan University of Medical Sciences EMHJ - Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2009; 15 (6): 1455-1463 (37 ref.) Keywords: Dyslipidemias-prevention and control; Diabetes Mellitus-prevention and control; Awareness; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Lipids-blood Abstract: We used data from the baseline survey from the Isfahan Healthy Heart Programme to determine the prevalence of hypertension, dyslipidaemia and diabetes among a representative samples of 12 514 adults living in 3 cities in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The prevalence of hypertension, dyslipidaemia and diabetes was 17.3%, 66.3% and 5.6% respectively. Awareness, treatment and control of hypertension were 40.3%, 35.3%, and 9.1% respectively. The rates for dyslipidaemia were 14.4%, 7.1% and 6.5% respectively, and 54.6% of diabetics were aware of their disease and 46.2% were under treatment. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   45 Hyperthyroidism diagnosis A case of severe primary hyperthyroidism, secondary hyperparathyroidism, adrenal insufficiency and osteoporosis with multiple fractures. Basak, Ramen C.; Chatterjee, Manas; Rassem, Mahmoud W. E-mail:basakrc@yahoo.com King Khaled General Hospital - Department of Endocrinology KMJ - Kuwait Medical Journal 2009; 41 (2): 152-155 (23 ref.) Keywords: Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary-diagnosis; Adrenal Insufficiency-diagnosis; Osteoporosis-diagnosis; Asthma; Steroids-adverse effects; Parathyroid Hormone; Absorptiometry, Photon; Fractures, Bone Abstract: Osteoporosis is generally known to be one of the most serious adverse effects of long-term corticosteroid administration. Recently it was discovered that corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis occurs not only in trabecular bone but also in cortical bone, leading to the reduction in the strength of bones and subsequent fracture. We report a case of severe hyperthyroidism, secondary hyperparathyroidism, adrenal insufficiency and osteoporosis with multiple fractures [mostlikely collectively due to chronic steroid intake because of steroid dependant bronchial asthma, hyperparathyroidism and hyperthyroidism] which was treated appropriately and made an uneventful recovery. Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome surgery Outcome of Norwood and Damus-Kaye-Stansel procedures for univentricular congenital heart anomalies. Al Akhfash, Ali A.; Kabbani, Mohamed S.; Abu Sulaiman, Riyadh M.; Tamimi, Omar R.; Elbarbary, Mahmoud A.; Najm, Hani K. E-mail:akhfasha2@ngha.med.sa King Abdulaziz Cardiac Center - National Guard Health Affairs - Cardiac Sciences Department, MC 1413 Saudi Medical Journal 2009; 30 (3): 340-345 (16 ref.) Keywords: Ventricular Outflow Obstruction; Heart Defects, Congenital; Surgical Procedures, Operative; Echocardiography; Survival Rate; Treatment Outcome; Retrospective Studies Abstract: To review the experience with Norwood and Damus-Kaye-Stansel [DKS] staged repair in the management of hypoplastic left heart syndrome [HLHS], or functional single ventricle [FSV] with systemic outflow tract obstruction [SOTO]. A retrospective study was conducted from a single center from January 2001 to September 2007 at the Cardiac Sciences Department, King Abdulaziz Cardiac Center, National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The cardiac departmental database was reviewed, together with the echocardiographic findings. Demographic data representing age and weight at operation, gender, cardiac anatomy, non-cardiac abnormalities, and operative details were collected. Twenty-eight patients with a diagnosis of HLHS were included in the study. The mean +/- SD for weight was 3.4 +/- 0.85 kg and 32 +/- 37 days for age. All infants at our institution who underwent a Norwood or DKS surgery for HLHS, or other forms of FSV with SOTO were included. All included patients underwent first stage palliation consisting of either a classical Norwood procedure in 6/23 [21%] patients, or a modified Norwood with right ventricle to pulmonary artery [RV-PA] conduit in 22/28 [79%] patients. After first stage palliation, 23 patients [82%] survived, and all but one underwent second stage palliation with bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis [BCPA]. The survival rate after second stage repair was 91%. Subsequently, 4 patients completed a third stage Fontan with 100% survival. All deceased patients had HLHS. The Norwood procedure is applied to a heterogeneous group of patients with variable outcomes in certain subgroups. Patients with HLHS palliated with the Norwood procedure are at a greater risk for morbidity and mortality compared to those with other forms of FSV with SOTO. Indomethacin therapeutic use Potential utility of indomethacin in enhancing the leishmanicidal activity of glucantime. Namazi, M.R. Shiraz University of Medical Sciences - Department of Dermatology EMHJ - Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2009; 15 (6): 1624-1625 (7 ref.) Keywords: Organometallic Compounds; Leishmaniasis-drug therapy; Glutathione-analogs and derivatives; Trypanosoma IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   46 Infertility, Male diagnosis Male factor infertility, basics revisited. Alam, Nadeem E-mail:drdanishhaseen@hotmail.com Dow University of Health Sciences - Civil Hospital - Department of Biochemistry JCPSP - Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan 2009; 19 (4): 205-206 (8 ref.) Keywords: Infertility, Male-etiology; Infertility, Male-therapy; Semen Analysis; Oligospermia; Azoospermia; Spermatogenesis-genetics; Fertilization; Tocopherols-therapeutic use; Clomiphene-therapeutic use; Seminal Vesicles- physiology; Chromosomes, Human Injections Injection prescribing patterns in public health care facilities in Egypt. Bodenschatz, C.; Talaat, M.; Kandeel, A.; Lohiniva, A.L.; Radwan, E.; Mahoney, F. E-mail:haeschatz@datacomm.ch US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 3 - Infection Control Unit EMHJ - Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2009; 15 (6): 1440-1448 (24 ref.) Keywords: Drug Administration Routes; Physician's Practice Patterns; Hepatitis C-epidemiology; Hepatitis C; Drug Prescriptions Abstract: This study assessed the frequency of and rationale for use of injections at health care facilities in Egypt based on WHO core drug use indicators. We reviewed 1406 prescriptions in 43 randomly selected hospitals and primary health care clinics in 2 governorates in Upper and Lower Egypt in 2001. Patients received an injection at 18.1% of encounters. The most frequently prescribed parenteral drugs were anti-infectives [56.9% of injections] and analgesics [13.7%]. Injections were more often prescribed in hospitals than in primary health care clinics and in rural than in urban settings. Most injections [94.7%] could have been replaced by a suitable oral preparation. Further efforts are needed to enforce the essential medicines programme in Egypt to improve rational drug prescribing. Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins therapeutic use The anti-inflammatory properties of interleukin 18 binding protein in rheumatoid arthritis. Khalid, Khalid Eltahir; Gue, T.B.; Sun, W.; Nie, H.; Liu, A.; El Imam, Mohamed; Yosif, Nasrden; Miskeen, Elhadi; Saeed, Osman K.; Zhang, J.Z. Chinese Academy of Sciences - Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine - Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition Sudan Journal of Medical Sciences 2009; 4 (2): 109-116 (18 ref.) Keywords: Interleukin-18; Carrier Proteins; Arthritis, Rheumatoid-immunology; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Immunosuppressive Agents; Arthroscopy; Synovial Membrane; Osteoarthritis; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Enzyme- Linked Immunosorbent Assay Abstract: Interleukin-18 binding protein [IL-18BP] is functioning as a natural anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive molecule by neutralizing the effects of IL-18 during inflammation. This study aimed to identify the role of IL-18BPa in the regulation of immune responses associated with the pathogenesis of RA. 65 RA patients, 22 OA patients, and 40 sex and age matched healthy donors were enrolled in this study. Synovial specimens were obtained through synovectomy or arthroscopic procedures. SFMC and PBMC were prepared by using Ficoll-Hypaque separation procedure. Super array analysis was used to measure the expression profile of immune-related genes in normal PBMC treated with recombinant human IL-18BPa. The mRNA levels of Th1 and Th2 cytokines were measured by Real-time PCR, and the protein levels of IFN-gamma, IL-4 were detected by ELISA. SuperArray analysis of immune related gene expression profile in normal PBMC treated with IL-18BPa indicated decreases in the gene expression of IFN- gamma and its regulatory molecules STAT-1 and STAT-2. This study pointed out that IL-18BPa has additional anti-inflammatory property through down regulating the expression of IFN- gamma and IL-12, at the same time, up regulating the expression of IL-4 and IL-10. Both IFN- gamma and IL-12 could up regulate the mRNA and protein levels of IL-18BPa in both the normal and RA subjects. Our results demonstrated the importance of IL-18 BPa as an immune regulatory molecule and as a promising therapy for treating RA. Intestinal Volvulus diagnosis Compound volvulus in pregnancy. Sharif, Karam Kamal Y. E-mail:karam_kamal66@yahoo.com Uuniversity of Mosul - College of Medicine - Department of Surgery Journal of the Arab Board of Medical Specializations 2009; 10 (1): 66-68 (14 ref.) IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   47 Keywords: Intestinal Volvulus-surgery; Risk Factors; Pregnancy; Treatment Outcome Abstract: Ileosigmoid knotting or compound volvulus is a very uncommon cause of intestinal obstruction. A case of compound volvulus is reported in a 28-year-old pregnant lady in week 24 of an otherwise uneventful pregnancy. She was presented with a diagnostic dilemma. The features of this uncommon condition with an emphasis on its rare occurrence in pregnancy and literature review are highlighted. Intracranial Aneurysm surgery Clipping versus coiling for ruptured intracranial aneurysms after the international subarachnoid aneurysm trial. United Kingdom experience. Taha, Mahmoud S.; Patel, Umang J. E-mail:mtaha66@hotmail.com King Fahad Specialist Hospital - Department of Neurosurgery Neurosciences 2009; 14 (2): 118-123 (39 ref.) Keywords: Aneurysm, Ruptured-surgery; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage; Prospective Studies; Multicenter Studies as Topic; Treatment Outcome; Cost-Benefit Analysis Abstract: The International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial [ISAT] was designed as the first multi-central international prospective randomized trial aiming to compare the safety and efficacy of the 2 available treatments for ruptured intracranial aneurysms; endovascular coiling and surgical clipping. The initial results were published in the Lancet [2002], and it showed clearly a superiority of coiling over clipping in the treatment of ruptured intracranial aneurysms; 22.7% of coiled patients were dependent or dead compared with 30.6% in the surgical group with absolute risk reduction of 6.9%. The results of the ISAT drew huge attention from both scientific authorities and lay media. Despite criticisms, the study has made a significant impact on the treatment of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, especially in the United Kingdom and Europe. Since their initial results, the ISAT group has published further papers and updates covering more interesting results regarding the risks of rebleeding, repeat procedures, epilepsy, and the cost effectiveness of both treatments. Job Satisfaction [Satisfaction of pharmacists in Lebanon and the prospect for clinical pharmacy] Bou Antoun, R.; Salameh, P. Lebanese University - Faculty of Pharmacy EMHJ - Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2009; 15 (6): 1553-1563 (12 ref.) Keywords: Pharmacists; Questionnaires Abstract: We conducted a questionnaire survey among community and pharmaceutical company pharmacists in Lebanon to evaluate their satisfaction with their professional status and their willingness to work as clinical pharmacists. The majority of community pharmacists were satisfied with their professional situation [> 50%], except for the financial aspect [40%]. For pharmaceutical company pharmacists, only 33% thought that their profession had a positive image. However, > 65% were satisfied with social and financial standing. About 25% of pharmacists in pharmaceutical companies were ready to switch to clinical pharmacy with less income. Over 75% of the community pharmacists were prepared to apply clinical pharmacy in their practice and would be ready to attend courses for this purpose. Ketogenic Diet Intractable seizure disorders: efficacy of the classic ketogenic diet. Karimzadeh, P.; Tabarestani, S.; Mahvelati, F.; Tonekaboni, S.H.; Ghofrani, M. E-mail:Pkarimzadeh@sbmu.ac.ir Shahid Beheshti Medical University [SBMU] - Pediatric Neurology Research Center - Pediatric Neurology Department IJCN - Iranian Journal of Child Neurology 2009; 3 (1): 15-20 (21 ref.) Keywords: Seizures-epidemiology; Seizures-diet therapy; Child; Treatment Outcome; Epilepsy; Anticonvulsants Abstract: The ketogenic diet is a high-fat, low carbohydrate, adequate protein diet, developed in the 1920s for the management of intractable seizure disorders in children. To evaluate efficacy and tolerability of the classic ketogenic diet, we analyzed records of the children started on the diet from 1999 to 2006 at the Mofid children’s hospital. The subjects were 87 children, mean age 55 months. Before initiation of the diet, 55% of the patients had seizures, at least 1-4 times per day, 36%-5 or more per day and 9%-2 to 4 times per week. Mean number of Anti Epileptic Drugs [AEDs] tried for them was 8 and 67% were receiving three or more drugs. The ketogenic diet showed drastic improvement, with at least 50% reduction in seizure frequency in 87% of our patients, 39% of whom showed complete seizure control in the third month. After one year, in 80% of the patients who returned, improvement continued, with 26% of them being seizure free; besides, 23% had one AED decreased, 36% had two or three AEDs decreased, and 25% [one child] had all AEDs discontinued. Of the 30 improved cases, 20%, at the end of the first year, had improved behavior as well, and 23% of them had become more alert. The medium diet duration of the improved group was 15 months. The improvement in our patients, low side effects, and the duration of diet by families reveal that the ketognic diet can still be a very useful alternative therapy in certain epileptic children. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   48 Klebsiella Infections epidemiology Prevalence, antibiotic susceptibility pattern and production of extended-spectrum beta- lactamases amongst clinical isolates of Klebsiellapneumoniae at armed forces hospital in Saudi Arabia. Ahmad, Shamweel; Al Juaid, Nami Fawazan; Alenzi, Paris Q.; Mattar, Essam H.; Bakheet, Osama El Sayed E-mail:drshamweel@hotmail.com King Saud University - College of Medical Sciences - Department of Clinical Microbiology JCPSP - Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan 2009; 19 (4): 264-265 (6 ref.) Keywords: Klebsiella Infections-microbiology; Klebsiella pneumoniae; beta-Lactamases-biosynthesis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Prevalence; Drug Resistance, Multiple; Cross Infection-etiology Abstract: The aim of this descriptive study was to determine the prevalence of Klebsiella pneumoniae from different clinical specimens, their antibiotic susceptibility pattern and the extended-spectrum b-lactamase [ESBL] production among such isolates at Armed Forces Hospital, Al-Kharaj, Saudi Arabia, from November, 2004 to October, 2007. A total of 328 isolates of K. pneumoniae recovered from 8152 different specimens were studied for ESBL production and antimicrobial susceptibility. The prevalence of K. pneumoniae was 4% [328/8152]. We observed a high percentage of K. pneumoniae resistant to ampicillin [100%] and tetracycline [92%]. The prevalence of ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae was found to be 10.4% [34/328]. The ESBL-producing strains were mostly from aspirates [25%] followed by sputum [20%] and blood [18.2%]. These ESBL producing isolates were highly resistant to gentamicin and ciprofloxacin. Allisolates were susceptible to imipenem. Our findings demonstrate a high percentage of ESBL- producers among clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae and a high rate of multidrug resistance. Continued infection control measures and prudent use of antimicrobial agents are essential in reducing the spread of multi-resistant ESBL- producing K. pneumoniae. Labor, Induced Association of induction of labor in primigravidae with cesarean section and post partum hemorrhage in Omdurman maternity hospital, Sudan 2007. Ahmed, Taha Umbeli; Hummieda, Sami E-mail:Umbellil@hotmil.com Omdurman Islamic University - Chair of Post Graduate Medical Studies Board - Obstetrics and Gynecology Journal of the Arab Board of Medical Specializations 2009; 10 (1): 19-22 (10 ref.) Keywords: Cesarean Section-statistics and numerical data; Postpartum Hemorrhage-epidemiology; Gravidity; Fetal Distress; Risk Factors; Cross-Sectional Studies; Misoprostol Abstract: This is a descriptive cross-sectional hospital based study, to determine Cesarean Section [C/S] rate and post partum hemorrhage [PPH] in association with induction of labor in primagravidae and risk factors behind that, in Omdurman maternity hospital during the year 2007. After an informed consent from patients and hospital directorate, 105 primagravidae with singleton pregnancy, were induced after completed 37 weeks for various indications, and 105 primagravidae delivered spontaneously were carefully selected for control with minimal confounders including age, education and maternal medical disorders. Fifty-four cases [51.4%] were induced with artificial rupture of membranes [ARM], followed by oxytocin titration only, while 51 cases [48.6%] were induced with intra-vaginal misoprostol followed by ARM and oxytocin titration. In this study, rate of induction in primagravidae was 6.1%, mainly due to post date [53.3%]. Cesarean section was significantly higher in induced patients [36.2%] than in control group [18.0%]. Fetal distress was the commonest indication for C/S 17.1%, followed by failure of induction 13.3% and failure to progress 5.7%. No significant difference observed in PPH following induction or spontaneous labor. Induction of labor in primagravidae is associated with an increased risk of C/S; however, there is no significant difference in association with PPH. Lasers, Solid-State Transluminal Nd: YAG laser embolysis in a case of hemiretinal arterial occlusion. Shalchi, M.H.A.; Daneshvar, R. Mashhad University of Medical Sciences - Khatam Al-Anbia Eye Hospital EMHJ - Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2009; 15 (6): 1613-1616 (8 ref.) Keywords: Retinal Artery Occlusion-therapy; Treatment Outcome Learning e-Learning: the next big thing in medical education. Hussain, Amro A. E-mail:amr_sudan@hotmail.com Omdurman Islamic University - Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Sudan Journal of Medical Sciences 2009; 4 (2): 101-107 (19 ref.) Keywords: Education, Distance; Education, Medical-methods; Information Science; Internet; Problem-Based Learning; Students, Medical; Knowledge; Education, Medical, Undergraduate IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   49 Abstract: The rapid advances in Information and Communication Technology [ICT] and the wide use of the World Wide Web has important implications for education. This continuous advancement in technology [e.g. Broadband internet connections, Ubiquitous Computing, Open Source Softwares] in conjunction with the recent recommendations in medical education suggesting a move toward problem-based learning [PBL] and use of information and communication technologies. All these factors led to the evolution of the e-learning environment in medical education. An initiative is underway in Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences [FMHS], Omdurman Islamic University [OIU], Sudan which aims to introduce a modern web-based learning environment that serves undergraduate medical students, supports the newly adopted philosophy of Problem-based Learning, and provides these new generations of doctors [Net generations] with the knowledge and skills they need to be successful practitioners. This digest endeavors to give a bird’s-eye view of e-learning, its benefits and limitations and explores, with examples, some of the current uses of e-learning technologies in the education of medical students. Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous diagnosis Serodiagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Syrian Arab Republic. Al Nahhas, Samar A. E-mail:samarnahas@yahoo.com Damascus University - Faculty of Sciences - Department of Animal Biology Saudi Medical Journal 2009; 30 (3): 382-386 (29 ref.) Keywords: Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous-epidemiology; Blotting, Western; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Leishmania-parasitology; Antibodies; Questionnaires Abstract: To evaluate the validity of western blot [WB] and enzyme linked Immunosorbent assay [ELISA] that use antigens from culture promastigote from Leishmania parasites, for laboratory diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Syria. We utilized 290 serum samples from endemic areas [patients group] and other regions [control samples] in Syria during 2002-2005 and the serological testing was brought to the applied the serological tests at the Department of Animal Biology, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria. Anti-Leishmania antibody was detected in 250 [92.5%] cases using the ELISA and 254 [94%] cases using the WB. It is also noted that this response canchange according to the number of lesions. Results of this study showed that there was no significant difference between ELISA and WB, which are easy to perform. Thus, they can be used for diagnosing the cutaneous leishmaniasis in Syria. Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive genetics Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase [MTHFR] genotype association with the risk of chronic myelogenous leukemia. Ismail, Said I.; Ababneh, Nida A.; Awidi, Abdallah E-mail:sismail@iu.edu.jo University of Jordan - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Biochemistry Jordan Medical Journal 2009; 43 (1): 8-14 (27 ref.) Keywords: Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2)-genetics; Folic Acid-metabolism; DNA Methylation; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Genotype Abstract: The metabolism of folate is essential in DNA synthesis, and polymorphisms of genes involved in this metabolism have been implicated in many types of cancer. One such gene is the Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase [MTHFR] gene, which encodes an enzyme that converts folate to a methyl donor used for DNA methylation. In this report, we studied the association between the different genotypes of the two most common MTHFR polymorphisms, C677T and A 1298C, and the risk of Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia [CML]. For this purpose, 149 of previously diagnosed CML patients and 170 normal controls were examined using PCR followed by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism [RFLP]. Results showed that the frequency of the C677T TT homozygous mutant genotype in patients with CML was significantly higher compared to controls [OR - 2.84, 95% CI: 1.24-6.50, .P-value - 0.014]. No such association was shown for the heterozygous C677T CT genotype [OR = 1.52, 95% CI: 0.95-2.41, P-value - 0.081]. As for the A1298C genotypes, a statistically significant higher frequency of the mutant homozygous genotype 1298CC was also detected in CML patients compared to the control group [OR - 2.18, 95% CI:1.01-4.69, P-value - 0.046]. No such statistical significance was demonstrable for the heterozygote genotype 1298AC [OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 0.68-1.73, P-value = 0.743]. This is the first report to suggest that both mutated MTHFR genotypes, specifically the homozygous 677TT and 1298CC polymorphisms, can be associated with a higher risk of developing CML. Lipoprotein [a] blood Lipoprotein [a] is a feature of the presence, diffuseness, and severity of coronary artery disease in Saudi population. Habib, Syed S.; Abdel Gader, Abdul Jalil M.; Kurdi, Mohammad I.; Al Aseri, Zohair; Soliman, Mona M. E-mail:shahidhabib44@hotmail.com IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   50 King Saud University - College of Medicine, King Khalid University Hospital - Department of Physiology Saudi Medical Journal 2009; 30 (3): 346-352 (33 ref.) Keywords: Coronary Artery Disease-diagnosis; Coronary Angiography; Cholesterol-blood; Triglycerides-blood; Cholesterol, LDL-blood; Cholesterol, HDL-blood; Cross-Sectional Studies; Risk Factors Abstract: To study lipoprotein[a] [Lp[a]] levels in Saudi patients with angiographic ally defined coronary artery disease and to see its relationship with its severity and diffuseness. This cross-sectional study was carried out at King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia in 2006-2007. One hundred and forty-seven individuals with coronary artery disease [CAD] and 49 healthy individuals matched for age and body mass index were studied. Among CAD patients, 133 underwent angiography. Blood samples were analyzed for total cholesterol [TC], triglycerides [TG], low density lipoprotein [LDL] and high density lipoprotein [HDL] and Lp[a]. Coronary artery disease patients had higher Lp[a] levels than controls [25.78 +/- 25.09 mg/dl versus 14.57 +/- 11.81 mg/dl, p = 0.0030]. Patients without stenosis [10.97 +/- 8.06 mg/dl] and one vessel involvement [19.67 +/- 17.33 mg/dl] had significantly lower levels of Lp[a] compared to double [31.88 +/- 32.17 mg/dl] and triple [29.70 +/- 28.12 mg/dl] vessel disease. Lipoprotein[a] levels correlated significantly with coronary vessel score [r = 0.234, p = 0.033] and Gensini score [r = 0.256, p = 0.02]. Smoking [odds ratio [OR]: 1.86; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.020-2.510; p = 0.04], TG levels [OR: 2.04; 95% CI: 1.251-4.932; p = 0.03] and Lp[a] levels [OR: 1.56; 95% CI: 1.033-3.687; p = 0.025] significantly predicted CAD severity. High risk levels of Lp[a] >/= 30 mg/dL were present in 66.7% of CAD patients. Lipoprotein[a] levels are significantly higher in Saudi patients with CAD compared to healthy individuals, and are associated with more severe and diffuse blockage of the coronaryvessels. Liver Neoplasms diagnosis Primary hepatic non Hodgkin lymphoma presenting as acute hepatitis in a 2 year old male. Al Tonbary, Youssef; Fouda, Ashraf; El Ashry, Rasha; Zalata, Khaled E-mail:ytonbary@gmail.com Mansoura University Children's Hospital - Hematology/Oncology/BMT Unit Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Therapy 2009; 2 (1): 299-301 (11 ref.) Keywords: Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin-epidemiology; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin-diagnosis; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin- drug therapy; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Ultrasonography; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Hepatitis; Acute Disease; Infant Liver Transplantation adverse effects One hundred and thirty seven living donor pediatric liver transplants at Riyadh Military Hospital. Results and outlook for future. Khan, Iftikhar A.; Al Shaqrani, Mohammad A.; Arain, Zahid B.; Al Hebbi, Homoud A.; Wall, Sami H.; Bassos, Atef F. E-mail:ikhan@rmh.med.sa Riyadh Military Hospital - Prince Sultan Liver Transplant Unit Saudi Medical Journal 2009; 30 (3): 403-408 (21 ref.) Keywords: Liver Transplantation-mortality; Tissue Donors-statistics and numerical data; Transplantation, Homologous; Biliary Atresia; Cholestasis, Intrahepatic; Survival Rate; Graft Survival; Child; Treatment Outcome; Retrospective Studies; Hospitals, Military Abstract: To review the results of 137 living donor pediatric liver transplants performed at Riyadh Military Hospital [RMH]. Retrospective analysis of the in- and out-patient case notes was carried out. Data were collected regarding age, gender, nationality, diagnosis, type of procedure, complications and survival of the grafts and the recipients. The first 137 living donor pediatric liver transplants were performed in 113 months. The age range was 4.5 months to 14 years. Eighty-four recipients [61%] were male. One hundred and twelve children were Saudi. Left lateral segment was used as allograft in 135 cases. One child each received full left lobe and full right lobe. Six auxiliary partial orthotropic liver transplants were carried out. Familial metabolic liver disorders made the largest group of children needing transplant. The most common indications were progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis and biliary atresia [45 cases each]. The numbers of major complications are: hepatic artery thrombosis [n=8]; portal vein thrombosis [n=3]; portal veins enosis [n=3]; hepatic vein stenosis [n=3] and biliary strictures [n=4]. Fifteen patients died. Three further allograft have been lost. Thus, the overall patient survival rate is 89% and graft survivalrate is 86.8%. Living donor liver transplantation is a viable option for children with end-stage liver disease. Metabolic liver disease is the most common indication in Saudi Arabia. The cadaveric donor supply is in shortage and living donation is a practical alternative. The incidence of complications and recipient and graft survival rates of the program at RMH are acceptable. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   51 Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic diagnosis Cerebritis and neutropenia in a child with ANA negative lupus. Akhoondian, J.; Rezaii Yazdi, Z.; Behmanesh, F.; Talebi, S. E-mail:j-akhondian@mums.ac.ir Mashhad University of Medical Sciences [MUMS] - Ghaem Medical Center IJCN - Iranian Journal of Child Neurology 2009; 3 (1): 61-66 (17 ref.) Keywords: Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic-complications; Neutropenia-etiology; Antibodies, Antinuclear; Child; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Electroencephalography Abstract: Systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE], an autoimmune systemic disease with unknown etiology, affects virtually every part of the body; involvement of the central nervous system [CNS] isone of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE] patients and is the least understood aspect of the disease. Neutrogena is very uncommon in childhood lupus. True negative anti nuclear antibody [ANA] tests in patients with lupus are now very rare. The patient reported here was a 12-year-old girl with ANA negative lupus cerebritis who presented with left hemiparesis after a generalized seizure, with neutropenia observed during its course. Scrub typhus associated with systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report. Nasr, Mohsen; Mostafa, Mohamed Mostafa Abdelwahab; Surrun, Soondal Koomar E-mail:mohsennasr@hotmail.com Al Jahra Hospital - Department of Internal Medicine KMJ - Kuwait Medical Journal 2009; 41 (2): 149-151 (7 ref.) Keywords: Scrub Typhus-diagnosis; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic-pathology; Steroids-therapeutic use; Tetracycline-therapeutic use; Arthralgia; Fever; Fever of Unknown Origin Abstract: The etiology of systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE] is largely unknown and there is a probable contribution of genetic, hormonal, immunological and environmental factors for its manifestation. The widespread immunological destruction of many organs in SLE and the associated decreased immunity increase the risk of infections. Steroids and other immunosuppressant are important in the treatment of SLE, but they further increase the risk of infections, and sometimes with rare organisms. We present a case of an adolescent girl with prolonged fever, joint pains and without skin rashes. The initial diagnosis was SLE. She was treated with steroids with improvement in her general condition and relief of joint pains. However the fever persisted and subsequent investigations revealed an associated scrub typhus. The fever subsided after treatment with oral tetracycline. There were no complications of scrub typhus. Since scrub typhus infection is not common in the Arabian Peninsula the disease was not initially thought of. In the investigation of prolonged fever in SLE, viral, bacterial, protozoal as well as rickettsial diseases should be borne in mind. Lycopersicon esculentum genetics Production of transgenic tomato plants with enhanced resistance against the fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum. Abbas, Dina E.; Abdallah, Naglaa A.; Madkour, Magdy M. Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute [AGERI] - Agricultural Research Center [ARC] Arab Journal of Biotechnology 2009; 12 (1): 77-83 (28 ref.) Keywords: Food, Genetically Modified; Fusarium; Fungi; Antifungal Agents; Chitinase; Polymerase Chain Reaction Abstract: Tomato [Lycobersicum esculentum Mill] cultivar Castle Rock was used to produce fungal resistant plants by introducing an antimicrobial chitinase gene. Hypocotyl with a part of cotyledon [hypocotyled onary] of young tomato seedlings were used as explant material. The transformation performed by delivering the vector pGL2 harbouring a class I rice chitinase gene [chi11] under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter and hygromycin resistant gene as a plant selectable marker, using biolistic bombardment mediated transformation system. Shoots were regenerated onto selective regeneration medium supplemented with 1 mg/l BAP, 1 mg/l Zeatin ripozide, 5mg/l AgNO[3] and 25mg/l hygromycin, then subjected to rooting medium for developing roots. Putative transgenic plantlets of R0 were confirmed by PCR analysis using specific primers for the transgene, and most regenerated plants showed positive results. However, PCR and dot blot analyses were conducted using R1 seedlings to confirm the stable integration of transgenes in R1 progeny. Bioassay for transgenic plants was performed on the transgenic R1 young seedlings and non-transgenic controls by challenging with a vigorous isolate of the fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Lycopersici to assay for the resistance against fusarium wilt disease among individuals. Data from transgenic plants showed lower percentages of infection ranging from 11 to 60% in lines 8 and 5 respectively compared to the control plants [80% infected]. The percentage of resistance ranged from 11 to 77.7% in lines 7 and 8, respectively compared to 10% in non-transgenic control plants. In addition, the average percent of the tolerant seedlings were 19.69% that had been infected but showed delayed symptoms and suppression in symptom extension. The obtained results indicated that expression of the chitinase protein [Chi 11] in transgenic tomato plants acquired them antifungal activity against Fusarium. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   52 Lymphatic Diseases etiology Differential diagnosis of cervical malignant lymphadenopathy among Iranian patients. Naeimi, Mohammad; Sharifi, Amin; Erfanian, Youssef; Velayati, Arash; Izadian, Shahla; Golparvar, Sadegh E-mail:dr.naeimi@gmail.com Mashhad University of Medical Science - Ghaem Medical Center - Department of Otolaryngology Saudi Medical Journal 2009; 30 (3): 377-381 (16 ref.) Keywords: Lymphatic Diseases-diagnosis; Lymphoma-epidemiology; Thyroid Neoplasms-epidemiology; Endoscopy; Biopsy, Fine-Needle; Cross-Sectional Studies Abstract: To investigate the differential diagnosis in cases referred with neck lumps suspicious to malignant nodal masses and its relation to demographic variants. Individuals who entered in this cross-sectional study conducted at the Department of Otolaryngology, Ghaem Medical Center, Mashdad, Iran from May 1995 to April 2005 were re-evaluated by history taking, physical examination and imaging studies. Fine needle aspiration was applied to obtain tissue sampling. Among the patients, 232 cases had malignant disease confirmed by pathology reports. Cases with unknown primary tumor underwent investigations including pan-endoscopy, and further imaging studies were carried out to determine the primary tumor site. Demographic data as gender, age, location, size, and pathology of tumor were considered. The results of this study showed that 50% of patients which were referred with neck masses had malignant neoplasm. The most common pathology in patients younger than 40 years were lymphoma [55%] and thyroid cancer [26%], whereas, in patients older than 40 years squamous cell carcinoma [67%] was more common. The most involved lymph nodes were jugulodigastric chain. Larynx and hypopharynx are the most common sources of aero digestive tract metastatic. According to high incidence malignancy [50%] among neck lesions, an asymmetrical neck mass in adults should be considered malignant until proven otherwise. It seems that age is an important predictor of tumor pathology, and determination of further diagnostic investigations would be helpful. Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell diagnosis Complete remission of mantle cell non Hodgkin lymphoma with a dendritic cell vaccine. Massumoto, Celso; Sousa Canavez, Juliana M.; Moreira Leite, Katia R.; Camara Lopes, Luiz H. E-mail:jmscanavez@genoabiotec.com.br Zacarias Marques de Pesquisa Institate - Genoa Biotechnology Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Therapy 2009; 2 (1): 302-304 (19 ref.) Keywords: Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell-genetics; Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell-drug therapy; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin- epidemiology; Remission Induction-methods; Cancer Vaccines-therapeutic use; Positron-Emission Tomography; Dendritic Cells Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin diagnosis An obscure cause of leg edema, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Sajid, Tanveer; Intisar ul Haq; Haq, Irum; Chaudhary, Ahmed Khan Combined Military Hospital - Department of Surgery JCPSP - Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan 2009; 19 (4): 254-256 (10 ref.) Keywords: Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin-epidemiology; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin-therapy; Psoas Abscess; Lymphatic Diseases; Lower Extremity; Ultrasonography; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols-therapeutic use; Leg; Edema Abstract: A 25-year-old female having asymptomatic edema of unilateral leg was provisionally diagnosed as a case of psoas abscess. Later, she turned out to be a case of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. This presentation is contrary to usual age and mode of presentation of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Mammography utilization The use of mammography among Jordanian women: findings from the behavioral risk factor surveillance system 2007. Almasad, Jamal; Awidi, Abdallah; Belbeisi, Adel; Massad, Diana E-mail:jmasad@ju.edu.jo Jordan University Hospital - Surgical Oncology Jordan Medical Journal 2009; 43 (1): 33-43 (23 ref.) Keywords: Breast Neoplasms; Early Detection of Cancer; Marital Status; Educational Status; Income; Insurance, Health; Health Status; Risk Factors; Behavior IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   53 Abstract: This study aims to provide a national estimate of the rate of utilization of mammography among Jordanian women aged 35 years and above and the impact of the different variables affecting this utilization. Data were derived from the Risk Factor Surveillance Survey conducted in 2007, focusing on all women aged 35 years and above with a total of 1161. Dependant variables were mammography utilization, while Predictor variables were; age, marital status, education, income, medical insurance, medical service providers, residency and health status as perceived by the respondents. Appropriate analysis was used to assess the relationships between the severable. Only 12.5% had mammography. Utilization increased with increasing age, level of education and with the higher income level. Non- insured and those who obtained medical service through the private sector had more utilization. Women in good health who are residing in the middle part of the country showed higher rates of mammography. This national study has demonstrated underutilization of mammography. It provides basic data for future studies. Initiating national program for screening helps to find out measures to facilitate utilization of mammography as easy access and reduced cost. Improvement of income, education level and insurance will positively influence mammography utilization. Medication Errors Refusal in reporting medication errors from the viewpoints of nursing students in Arak University of medical sciences. Kouhestani, H.; Baghcheghi, N. E-mail:hamidnbkb@yahoo.com Arak University of Medical Sciences - Medical-Surgical Department IJME - Iranian Journal of Medical Education 2009; 8 (2): 285-292 (19 ref.) Keywords: Students, Nursing; Mandatory Reporting; Cross-Sectional Studies; Questionnaires Abstract: Reporting medication errors leads to saving patients' wellbeing and safety and also is counted as a valuable information source for preventing further mistakes in future. The aim of this study was to determine the causes for refusing to report medication errors from the viewpoints of nursing students. All nursing students of Arak University of Medical Sciences [n=76] were selected to participate in this descriptive cross- sectional study. Using a 17 item questionnaire based on 5-point Lickert scale, nursing students' viewpoints toward refusal in reporting medication errors were investigated. This questionnaire included 3 domains of fear from reporting consequences [10 items], administrative factors [4 items], and reporting procedure [3 items]. Data was analyzed by SPSS software. Nursing students estimated that 75% of medication errors were reported by them. Among all causes under investigation, "fear from reporting consequences" had the highest score[4.13] among all. From 10 existing items in the domain of "fear from reporting consequences", "fear from evaluation score", and "academic consequences", were main causes for refusing to report medication errors. Among 4 items in the domain of "administrative factors", students had most agreement with the item of "lack of appropriate feedback following reporting medication fault". Some medication errors are not reported by the students and fear from reporting consequences and administrative factors are two main factors for refusing to report medication errors in nursing students. With regard to the fact that reporting medication errors could enhance the patients' immunity, nursing instructors should react positively towards the reports of medication errors bynursing students. Medroxyprogesterone 17-Acetate administration and dosage Effect of depot medroxyprogesterone [DMPA] on body weight and serum lipid profile in adult female rats. Bakry, S.; Abdullah, A. E-mail:Sayed bakry@yahoo.com Al Azhar University - Faculty of Science - Zoology Department EJB - Egyptian Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology [The] 2009; 27 (1): 17-30 (41 ref.) Keywords: Rats; Body Weight; Cholesterol-blood; Triglycerides-blood; Lipoproteins, LDL Cholesterol-blood; Lipoproteins, HDL Cholesterol-blood; Contraceptive Agents; Medroxyprogesterone 17-Acetate-adverse effects; Weight Gain Abstract: Depo Provera [Medroxyprogesterone Acetate, DMPA] is a long-acting, injectable progesterone derivative contraceptive that is currently used by 30 million women in 90 countries, including Egypt, United States and Canada. DMPA classified as sex hormone binding globulin [SHBG]. The objective of this study was to investigate body weight and serum lipid profile following treatment of rats with the injectable contraceptive depot medroxyprogesterone acetate, [Depo Provera; DMPA]. Adult female rats [Rattus norvigcus] were treated with a single dose of DMPA that is comparable to the weight-corrected dose in humans [2.7 mg/rat or 5.4 mg/rat] and sacrificed on day ten or fifteen post treatment. Body weights were recorded and sera from both treated and control groups studied for lipid profile using a colorometric method. Treating animals with 2.7 mg/rat or 5.4 mg/rat of DMPA for 10 and 15 days led to a dose-related increase in the body weights [maximum ~ 24.77%]. There was increase in total lipids [TL], triglycerides [TG], total cholesterol [TC] as well as low density-lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C] and very low density lipoprotein [VLDL-C]. On the other hand, a marked decrease was found in high density-lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C] in the DMPA-treated groups. Statistical analysis indicated that these changes were significant [p < 0.01] in all treated groups compared to control ones. We concluded that, this preliminary study indicates a long-term atherogenic role for DMPA. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   54 Meningitis epidemiology Epidemiology of meningitis in Oman, 2000-2005. Dash, N.; Al Khusaiby, S.; Behlim, T.; Mohammadi, A.; Mohammadi, E.; Al Awaidy, S. E-mail:ndash@sharjah.ac.ae Oman Medical College - College of Medicine - Department of Microbiology and Immunology EMHJ - Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2009; 15 (6): 1358-1364 (21 ref.) Keywords: Meningitis-microbiology; Age Distribution; Meningitis-diagnosis; Meningitis-cerebrospinal fluid; Incidence; Meningitis, Haemophilus Abstract: We reviewed the epidemiologic features and trends for 771 cases of meningitis in Oman from January 2000 to December 2005. We found 69% were bacterial in origin and 13% were viral. Leading bacterial pathogens included Haemophilus influenzae [15%], Streptococcus pneumoniae [14%] and Nesseria meningitidis [12%]. For 56% of patients with suspected pyogenic meningitis, no specific bacterial pathogen could be identified. Peak occurrence was in children under 2 years old. The incidence of H. influenza type b decreased by almost 100% after implementation of the national immunization programme in 2001, while the incidence of cases caused by S. pneumoniae and N. meningitidis remained steady. Meningococcal Infections complications Immune associated complication in meningococcal disease; a report of two cases. Al Qattan, Hanan Y.; El Hashash, Osama AEF.; Abul, Nabila A. E-mail:alkatan_07@hotmail.com Farwaniya Hospital - Department of Pediatrics KMJ - Kuwait Medical Journal 2009; 41 (2): 140-142 (8 ref.) Keywords: Meningococcal Infections-diagnosis; Meningococcal Infections-immunology; Arthritis; Vasculitis; Pericarditis; Nephritis; Scleritis Abstract: Meningococcal disease is one of the most feared infections in children. In recent years, little attention has been focused on the complications of meningococcal disease in the sub-acute phase, the so-called immune associated complications. Its main features are arthritis, vasculitis, episcleritis, pericarditis and very rarely nephritis. We report two siblings with meningococcal disease. The first developed arthritis and vasculitis while the younger sister developed only arthritis of the right ankle. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report to be published in Kuwait. Menopause Association of menopause with osteopenia and osteoporosis: results from population based study done in Karachi. Baig, Lubna; Mansuri, Farah Asad; Karim, Saadiya A. Karachi Medical and dental College - Department of Community Medicine JCPSP - Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan 2009; 19 (4): 240-244 (29 ref.) Keywords: Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal-diagnosis; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal-epidemiology; Bone Diseases, Metabolic-diagnosis; Bone Diseases, Metabolic-epidemiology; Bone Density; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Ultrasonography Abstract: To assess the association of osteopenia and osteoporosis with menopause and compare the health seeking behaviour of women related to menopause in different strata of society. A cross-sectional study. Three different socioeconomic strata of Karachi from May till August 2004. A sample of 925 women, over 35 years of age, was selected from 16 clusters of 250 households [50 houses in each cluster]. All apparently healthy women having age between 35 and 50 years were selected in the cluster houses. Those who were not willing to be the part of the study or giving history of taking treatment for any disease for more than 4 weeks were excluded. In-depth interviews were conducted at their houses by the fourth year medical students trained and supervised by the senior faculty of the Medical College. T-scores were calculated to get BMD [Bone Mineral Density] for all the subjects through heel ultrasound. A total of 287 women were found to be experiencing menopause. The mean age of menopause was 47.8 + 4.7 years. Out of those 287 women, 135 [47%] wanted their menses to continue and 235 [82%] had consulted a physician after menopause. There was a significantly lower score of BMD of postmenopausal women [mean = -1.833 + 0.65] compared to pre-menopausal women [mean = -1.597 + 0.60, p=0.016]. Out of the 925 women interviewed, 53% had consulted a physician for various symptoms related to menopause. The symptoms experienced by pre- menopausal women included lack of sleep [25%], fear of becoming sterile [13%] and urinary incontinence [18%]. The average age of menopause was found to be similar to other studies of the country. Lower bone mineral density was found in greater proportion among older females. Majority needed intervention inclusive of awareness through health education and medication. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   55 Mental Health Services Mental health care in Lebanon: policy, plans and programmes. Chahine, L.M.; Chemali, Z. American University of Beirut - Medical Centre EMHJ - Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2009; 15 (6): 1596-1612 (49 ref.) Keywords: Primary Health Care; World Health Organization; Mental Disorders-prevention and control; Community Mental Health Services; Awareness; Health Promotion Abstract: Lebanon is a developing country marred by several years of civil war and continuing political, social and economic instability. It has no mental health policy or plan. Through literature reviews, surveillance of current mental health services and interviews with primary care physicians and officials at the Ministry of Public Health and World Health Organization, we identified several barriers to the optimal delivery of mental health services in Lebanon. These include government-, physician-, and patient-related factors. New initiatives are necessary at several levels, particularly in the primary care setting. These are outlined in light of the 2001 WHO recommendations on mental health services. Metabolic Syndrome X etiology MetS and cardiovascular risk factors among Palestinians of East Jerusalem. Abu Sham'a, R.A.H.; Darwazah, A.K.; Kufri, F.H.; Yassin, I.H.; Torok, N.I. E-mail:dr_rshama@yahoo.com Makassed Hospital - Department of Cardiology EMHJ - Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2009; 15 (6): 1464-1473 (36 ref.) Keywords: Cardiovascular Diseases-etiology; Risk Factors; Cross-Sectional Studies; Prevalence; Anthropometry; Blood Pressure; Obesity-epidemiology; Diabetes Mellitus-epidemiology; Lipids-blood; Sex Distribution Abstract: In a cross-sectional survey conducted in 2005, we determined the prevalence metabolic syndrome [MetS] and other atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk factors among a sample of 342 Palestinians >/= 20 years in East Jerusalem. Participants were inter viewed and anthropometric measurements and blood testing were done. MetS was found in 115 [33.6%] participants, with no significant difference between the sexes. The prevalence of obesity, diabetes and other cardiovascular risk factors was also high, with central obesity and obesity [BMI >/= 30kg/m[2]] being significantly higher in women [P < 0.01]. With the exception of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and haemoglobin, there was a significantly higher prevalence of atherosclerotic markers among the MetS group. Metformin therapeutic use The role of metformin therapy in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Siddique, Shazia; Rao, Shahid Irshad; Ata Ullah, Nabila Nishtar Medical College Hospital - Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Medical Forum Monthly 2009; 20 (1): 14-18 (21 ref.) Keywords: Metformin-administration and dosage; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome-drug therapy; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome-diagnosis; Ovulation Induction; Infertility, Female-drug therapy; Ultrasonography; Pregnancy Abstract: To determine the efficacy of metformin therapy in women with PCOS in terms of ovulation induction and pregnancy. The study was carried out in Outpatient department Gynaecology Unit-1, Nishtar Hospital, Multan from January 2007 to March 2008. A total of 285 patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria [oligo/hypomenohorea, infertility, weight gain, hyperandrogenism] were enrolled. Ultrasound pelvis was obtained in all women. Presence of eightor more multiple follicles in one or both ovaries was the cut off number for positive ultrasound. Patients with other causes of infertility were excluded from the study. Metformin was adjusted to 500 mg thrice daily. Six months later patients were evaluated for response to metformin therapy. At the start of the study, 78% women had menstrual irregularity, 54% had primary and 46% had secondary, ultrasound features were found in 94% patients, hirstism in 70% and weight gain was found in 64% of patients. After six months of metformin therapy, ovulation was observed in 66% of women while 52% of patients conceived on metformin, therapy alone. Metformin alone was an effective treatment for PCOS in terms of ovulation induction and pregnancy. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylocaccus aureus drug effects Prevalence and pattern of antimicrobial susceptibility of methicillin-resistant and methicillin- sensitive staphylococcus aureus in north Jordan. El Nasser, Ziad; Awad, Faisal E-mail:znasscr@just.cdu.jo Jordan University of Science and Technology [JUST] - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Microbiology and Immunology Jordan Medical Journal 2009; 43 (1): 15-20 (25 ref.) IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   56 Keywords: Anti-Bacterial Agents-pharmacology; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests; Sensitivity and Specificity; Prevalence; Cross Infection; Community-Acquired Infections; Staphylococcal Infections- epidemiology; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus-pathogenicity; Staphylococcal Infections-diagnosis Abstract: The main goal of this study is to determine the prevalence and pattern of antimicrobial susceptibility of methicillin-resistant [MRSA] and methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus [MSSA] in north Jordan. The study also aims to evaluate the [MRSA] latex screen test for the detection of [MRSA]. One hundred and fifty isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, that were received at the clinical microbiology laboratory of the faculty of medicine at Jordan University of Science and Technology from two major hospitals in the North part of Jordan from September of 2007 to February of 2008, were included in the study. Ninety isolates were obtained from clinical specimens and sixty isolates from carrier patients. Staphylococcus areus strains were identified morphologically and biochemically by standard laboratory tests and procedures. Antimicrobial susceptibility was performed by the disk diffusion [Kirby-Bauer], and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration [MIC] method was used to identify methicillin resistance. The pattern of resistance to seven antimicrobials [Vancomycin, Cephalothin, Clindamycin, Cortimaxizole, Erythromycin, Gentamycine, and Penicillin G] showed that none of the intrinsic-resistant isolates were resistant to vancomycin. The majority of the isolates was recovered from anterior nares [60%] and the least from peritoneal and synovial fluid [0.7% each]. The majority of isolates were recovered from surgical specimens [40%] and the minority from the ophthalmology department [1.3%]. The pattern of antimicrobial succeptability was as follows: MSSA [n=123], MRSA [n-27], Vancomycin [100%, 100%], Caphalothin [99.2%, 85.2%], Clindamycin [95.9%, 88.9%], Cotrimaxizole [98.4%, 85.2%], Erythromycin [81.3%, 40.7%], Gentamycin [95.9%, 85.2%], and penicillin G [4.9%, 0%]. The diffusion test showed a sensitivity of 100 and 88.9 and a specificity of 100 and 86.2, respectively. The pattern of antimicrobial susceptibility of S. areus differs between methicillin-sensitive and resistant isolates. Except for penicillin, most of methicillin-sensitive isolates were susceptible to nearly all antimicrobial agents used in this study. Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase NADPH2 Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T polymorphism and relation ship with coronary artery disease. Ibrahiem, Magdy M.; Gaber, Osama Abdel Aziz; Mohammed, Samy H.; Salem, Ehab M. Zagazig University - Faculty of medicine - Medical Biochemistry and Internal medicine Departments EJB - Egyptian Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology [The] 2009; 27 (1): 177-194 (43 ref.) Keywords: Homocysteine; Folic Acid; Genotype; Polymorphism; Coronary Disease; Risk Factors Abstract: Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase [MTHFR] is involved in the reduction of 5, 10- Methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate. A 677 C/T single nucleotide polymorphism [SNP] localized in the MTHFR gene was associated with both thermo ability and reduced activity of the enzyme and is associated with increased Homocysteine levels. The aim of this study was to establish the genetic frequency of MTHFR SNP and whether this MTHFR SNP may affect a homocysteine level and if it is considered as a risk factor for Coronary artery disease [CAD]. This study included 65 subjects [40 cases and 25 controls]. For all participants in this study total lipids profile, Apo Al, homoysteine, blood glucose, folic acid and genetic polymorphism of MTHFR were done. The percentage distribution of the different genotypes in the study population [all subjects] showed that the CC genotype was the most prevalent one followed by CT and then TT [45%, 35%, 20%] respectively. There was no significant association of T Allele in CAD group when compared to control group although plasma homocysteine level was higher in the CAD compared to the control. It seemed that the high levels of homocysteine in CAD are not only dependent on MTHFR activity but also on many factors such as age, sex, and other vitamins which were not measured in this study such as B12 and B6. Micronutrients Current maternal-infant micronutrient status and the effects on birth weight in the United Arab Emirates. Amirlak, I.; Ezimokhai, M.; Dawodu, A.; Dawson, K.P.; Kochiyil, J.; Thomas, L.; Abdulle, A.M. E-mail:iradjamirlak@gmail.com United Arab Emirates University - Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences - Department of Paediatrics EMHJ - Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2009; 15 (6): 1399-1406 (26 ref.) Keywords: Nutritional Status; Birth Weight; Infant; Mothers; Ferritins-blood; Ascorbic Acid-blood; 25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2-blood; Vitamin D Deficiency Abstract: Micronutrient deficiencies exist among women of childbearing age in the United Arab Emirates but the effects of maternal micronutrient deficiency on fetal growth are not well documented. To investigate the association between micronutrients and birth weight, we measured maternal and cord blood micronutrients [vitamin A, C, D, and E] and ferritin in 84 term, singleton infants born to healthy Arab and South Asian women at Al-Ain hospital. Median serumascorbic acid and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25-OHD] concentrations were low in mothers and infants. In multivariate analysis, maternal serum 25-OHD correlated positively with birth weight while serum ferritin showed a negative correlation. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   57 Midazolam pharmacology Midazolam efficacy and side effects in generalized and partial refractory status epilepticus in children. Omran, M.R. Salehi; Edraki, M.R. E-mail:salehiomran@yahoo.com Babol University of Medical Sciences IJCN - Iranian Journal of Child Neurology 2009; 3 (1): 21-25 (22 ref.) Keywords: Midazolam-adverse effects; Midazolam-administration and dosage; Status Epilepticus-drug therapy; Hypotension; Respiratory Insufficiency; Child Abstract: Midazolam is a significant and effective drug for control of a life-threatening condition, generalized and partial refractory convulsive status epilepticus. The goal of this study was evaluation of midazolam efficacy for management of this serious disease and its two side effects, hypotension and respiratory failure. Our study was done using a quasi experimental method; 22 children with generalized refractory convulsive status epilepticus and 13 with partial refractory convulsive status epilepticus were enrolled for the study. All patients received 0.2 mg/kg/dose as abolus intravenous midazolam followed by 1-6 mcg/kg/min continuous intravenous midazolam. Following this, termination of seizures as well as hypotension and respiratory failure were evaluated. midazolam ceased stop convulsions in 81.81% [18] patients with generalized seizures, and in 76.92% [10] patients with partial seizures, showing no significant difference between these two types of seizures [p=0.52]. Hypotension was induced in 18.18% [4] patients with generalized seizures and in 30.70% [4] patients with partial seizures, again difference not significant [p=0.14].There was respiratory failure in 21.73% [5] patients with generalized seizure and in 7.69[1] patients with partial seizure, difference not significant [p=0.09]. There was no significant difference in efficacy and creation of hypotension and respiratory failure after continuous intravenous infusion of midazolam between generalized and partial refractory convulsive status epilepticus. Milk microbiology Microbiological monitoring of raw milk and yoghurt samples collected from El-Beida city. El Diasty, Eman M.; El Kaseh, R.M. Omar El Mokhtar University - Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Arab Journal of Biotechnology 2009; 12 (1): 57-64 (30 ref.) Keywords: Yogurt-microbiology; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Hygiene; Mycotoxins; Yeasts Abstract: A total of 80 raw milk and yoghurt samples were randomly collected from different farmsand retail markets of different sanitation levels and examined mycologically and bacteriologic ally at El-Beida city in Libya. Moulds and yeasts were detected in 80 and 50% of raw milk and yoghurtsamples, respectively, with respective mean values of 4.3 X10[5] +/- 2.5X 10[5] and 2.1X10[4] +/- 1.9 X 10[4]. Aspergillus spp., Cladosporium spp., Mucor spp., Curvularia spp., Penicillium spp., Geotricum spp., Candida spp., Rhodotorula spp., Torulopsis spp. and Saccharomyces spp. could be isolated from both raw milk and yoghurt. Five samples of 40 rawmilk once were positive for AFM1 with the mean value of 5 ppb. While in yoghurt samples, AFM1 were detected with mean value of 2.2 ppb among 3 samples of 40. Total counts of aerobic bacteria of examined raw milk and yoghurt samples were 6.1 X 10[5] +/- 5.5 X 10[5] and 6.5 X 10[5] +/- 6.0X 10[5], respectively. While the mean coli form counts/ ml were 7.0 X10[6] +/- 5.0 X 10[6] and 6.0 X10[3] +/- 4.0 X 10[3] for raw milk and yoghurt, respectively. Enterobacteriaceae counts /ml of raw milk and yoghurt samples were 2.6 X 10[6] +/- 5.5 x10[5] and 1.5 X 10[4] +/- 1.2 X 10[4]. The economic and public health situation of isolated fungi as well as the control measures for improving the quality of raw milk and milk products were discussed. Misoprostol administration and dosage Extraamniotic versus vaginal misoprostol for ripening the unfavorable cervix. Al Assadi, Ali F.; Al Waeely, Faiz A.; Ahmed, Hameda; Al Ali, Nihal R. Basra Medical College JBMS - Journal of the Bahrain Medical Society 2009; 21 (1): 207-211 (14 ref.) Keywords: Cervix Uteri; Cervical Ripening; Pregnancy; Amnion; Vagina; Administration, Intravaginal; Gravidity; Labor, Obstetric; Prospective Studies Abstract: To compare the efficacy of two different routes of administration of misoprostol for ripening the unfavorable cervix. Labor room in Basra Maternity [teaching] Hospital with 400 bed capacity. A prospective comparative study was conducted to compare two different routes of administration of misoprostol [Cytotec] for ripening the unfavorable cervix. The cervix was ripped using a 2cc of misoprostol solution [25 micro g] installed into e upper vagina. The cervix was ripped using a Foley's catheter, which was inserted to the extraamniotic space and 2cc misoprostol solution [25 micro g] was infused through the catheter into the extraamniotic space. The clinical trial involved a total of 180 pregnant women, in method I [92], and method II [98], the success rates in achieving cervical ripening were 100% for both groups. The ripening times in group II [primigravidae [6.05 +/- 2.25], multiparae [3.97 +/- 1.1]] were significantly shorter IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   58 than those in group I [primagravidae [10.3 +/- 1.3], multiparae [9.22 +/- 1.32]. The induction delivery times were a slightly deferent in both groups in primagravidae; where as it was significantly shorter in multgravidae in group II. The vast majority of the women [100% in group I and 97% in group II] had vaginal delivery. This study confirms that vaginal and extra-amniotic misoprostol [which was evaluated for first time in this study] were effective in achieving cervical ripening but we recommend the use of vaginal misoprostol in stead of extra amniotic misoprostol because although it takes a longer priming time, it achieves a higher post ripening score, it is easily administered and do not requires special method for application as in the extra-amniotic one. We also recommend that extra amniotic misoprostol is reserved for use in patient in whom quick cervical ripening is indicated. therapeutic use To compare the efficacy and complications of misoprostal and prostaglandin F[2] alpha for second trimester pregnancy termination. Taj, Nergis; Fatima, Naheed; Iqbal, Shafique QAMC, Bahawalpur Medical Forum Monthly 2009; 20 (1): 36-39 (11 ref.) Keywords: Misoprostol-adverse effects; Dinoprost-therapeutic use; Dinoprost-adverse effects; Abortion, Therapeutic; Pregnancy Trimester, Second; Fetal Death; Abortion, Incomplete; Pelvic Infection Abstract: To compare the efficacy and complications of Misoprostal and Prostaglandin F[2] alpha for Second Trimester Pregnancy termination. Sixty pregnancy women at 14-24 weeks of gestation divided into two group A and B. Group-A Misoprostal, Group-B Prostaglandin F[2] alpha. Patients needing terminations of pregnancy were 10%. The mean induction expulsion interval found in Group-A 19.13 hours and in Group-B 20.07 hours. The complication in Misoprostal group like deadfetus, pelvic infection, coagulopathy, rupture, incomplete abortion were less as compare to PGF[2] alpha group. Misoprostal is more effective then PGF[2] alpha for second trimester pregnancy terminations. Models, Nursing [The effect of a skill-training model on nursing students' skills in communicating with mental patients] Namdar, H.; Rahmani, A.; Ebrahimi, H. E-mail:namdar@tbzmed.ac.ir Tabriz University of Medical Sciences - School of Nursing and Midwifery - Department of Medical-Surgical IJME - Iranian Journal of Medical Education 2009; 8 (2): 323-332 (26 ref.) Keywords: Communication; Psychotic Disorders; Education; Students, Nursing; Mentally Ill Persons Abstract: The effects of teaching communication skills using a specific model on nursing students' skill in communicating with mental patients has less been a subject of investigation. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a communication skills' teaching model on nursing students' communicating with mental patients. This quasi-experimental study was conducted as pretest-posttest design, on 49 senior nursing students in two groups of control [24 students] and experiment [25 students]. After performing the pretest of communication skills, both groups spent 12 days of clinical education for communication skills. The experiment group was taught using the mentioned model and the students of control group had the traditional training. After finishing the educational course, students' progress in communication skills in the two groups was compared. An integrated checklist was used for gathering data. Students' skills in interviewing mental patients were observed and the results were analyzed by SPSS software using Wilcoxon and Mann Wittney tests. Both methods of training improved students' communication skills with mental patients. Comparing the two methods, the mentioned training model showed a significantly higher level of improvement in nursing students' communication skills. In spite of the significant effect of the mentioned model on improving nursing students' communi-cation skills, due to the lack of enough evidence in this regard, conducting further studies in this area is recommended. Mouth Neoplasms Community survey of knowledge about oral cancer in Babol: effect of an education intervention. Motallebnejad, M.M.; Khanian, M.; Alizadeh, R.; Dabbaghian, I. E-mail:mmotallebnejad@yahoo.com Babol University of Medical Sciences - Faculty of Dentistry - Department of Oral Medicine EMHJ - Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2009; 15 (6): 1489-1495 (26 ref.) Keywords: Knowledge; Health Education; Health Surveys; Questionnaires; Risk Factors; Cross-Sectional Studies; Urban Population; Rural Population Abstract: A study in Babol, Islamic Republic of Iran, used a questionnaire to gather information on knowledge about oral cancer and its risk factors and to evaluate the efficacy of an educational brochure. From a community sample of 400 people, 76.0% had no knowledge of oral cancer. Mean knowledge score before the education intervention was 1.47 [standard deviation 3.40] out of 10. Knowledge about oral cancer was not associated with age, sex or education level but urban residents had better knowledge than rural residents. Mean knowledge score improved significantly by 5.92 [SD 3.30] at 1 month after the intervention among the 226 respondents who had read the brochure. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   59 Moyamoya Disease diagnosis Moyamoya induced acute paraplegia in a child with epilepsy. Taghdiri, M.M.; Bigdeli, H.; Khorsand, M.; Jabary, M. Hamedan University of Medical Sciences - Ekbatan hospital IJCN - Iranian Journal of Child Neurology 2009; 3 (1): 57-60 (16 ref.) Keywords: Moyamoya Disease-epidemiology; Moyamoya Disease-pathology; Epilepsy; Paraplegia; Cerebral Angiography; Magnetic Resonance Angiography; Child; Acute Disease Abstract: Moyamoya disease [MMD] is a chronic, occlusive, Cerebrovascular disorder of unknown pathogenesis, characterized by progressive stenosis of the bilateral supraclinoid internal carotid arteries, with concomitant formation of tortuous arterial collateral vessels at the base of the brain, which reconstitute distal branches of the cerebral circulation. In Japanese, "Moyamoya" means "hazy puff of smoke" and refers to the angiographic appearance of the abnormal network of vessels that develop at the base of the brain and basal ganglia to supply of collateral route of blood flow. We report here the case of Moyamoya disease in a 5 year-old girl with normal mentality with a one year history of epilepsy, with Todd's paralysis. This condition is rare and most patients are diagnosed in childhood. With this report we aim to underscore the possibility that usual neurological sign could be associated with unusual neurological disorders. Multiple Myeloma complications Multiple myeloma of the central nervous system: a clinicopathological review. Al Sobhi, E. ; Osoba, A.O.; Karar, A.; Zuraiki, A.M. E-mail:ensobhi@hotmail.com King Khalid National Guard Hospital - Department of Haematology EMHJ - Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2009; 15 (6): 1570-1579 (37 ref.) Keywords: Multiple Myeloma-pathology; Multiple Myeloma-cerebrospinal fluid; Central Nervous System-pathology; Biopsy; Immunophenotyping; beta 2-Microglobulin-cerebrospinal fluid Abstract: Multiple myeloma [MM] is a systemic malignancy of pathologic plasma cells that is treatable with chemotherapeutic agents and irradiation, but rarely curable. The spectrum of neurological complications of MM is diverse; however, involvement of MM in the cerebrospinal fluid and leptomeningeal infiltration is considered rare. There have been many reviews of central nervous system complications in MM but there are none on intracranial and leptomeningeal infiltration of MM. We review this here along with our clinic pathological experience and a summary of our present knowledge of this condition. Myasthenia Gravis diagnosis Limb girdle myasthenia. Yuksel, Gulbun; Gencer, Mehmet; Orken, Cihat; Tutkavul, Kemal; Tireli, Hulya Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital - Department of Neurology Neurosciences 2009; 14 (2): 184-185 (6 ref.) Keywords: Autoimmune Diseases; Receptors, Cholinergic; Autoantibodies; Thymectomy; Neurologic Examination; Extremities; Muscle Weakness; Edrophonium-diagnostic use Myasthenia gravis and psoriasis vulgaris. Koc, Filiz; Yerdelen, Deniz E-mail:koc.filiz@gmail.com Cukurova University - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Neurology Neurosciences 2009; 14 (2): 175-177 (12 ref.) Keywords: Psoriasis-diagnosis; Myasthenia Gravis-epidemiology; Autoimmune Diseases; Skin-pathology; Histocompatibility Antigens; Receptors, Cholinergic; Thymectomy; Autoantibodies Abstract: Myasthenia gravis is a rare autoimmune disorder in which antibodies form against acetylcholine nicotinic postsynaptic receptors at the myoneural junction. Psoriasis vulgaris is achronic, recurring, and an inflammatory skin disease. Myasthenia gravis and psoriasis are both autoimmune diseases and correlated with specific human histocompatibility antigens. In this report, a 53-year-old woman who has myasthenia gravis accompanied with psoriasis vulgaris ispresented. To conclude, this association is extremely rare and the pathogenetic etiology was thought to depend on a generalized immunological disturbance. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   60 Myelitis, Transverse diagnosis Role of dermatomal somatosensory evoked potential in localizing the site of transverse myelitis. Kabiraj, Mohammed; Hussain, Karamat; Al Janoubi, Nada E-mail:kabirajmmu@yahoo.com Riyadh Military Hospital - Division of Neurology and Neurophysiology Neurosciences 2009; 14 (2): 198-199 (6 ref.) Keywords: Respiratory Tract Infections; Muscle Weakness; Urinary Retention; Reflex, Abnormal; Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory; Steroids-therapeutic use; Acyclovir-therapeutic use Myocardial Infarction mortality Seasonal variation in enzymatic infract size and mortality in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Sohrabi, Bahram; Kazemi, Babak; Aghazadeh, Behzad Tabriz University of Medical Sciences - The Cardiovascular Research Center Saudi Medical Journal 2009; 30 (3): 353-357 (19 ref.) Keywords: Myocardial Infarction-diagnosis; Mortality; Seasons; Creatine Kinase, MB Form-blood Abstract: To investigate any seasonal variation in enzymatic size, mortality rate, and localization of ST-segment elevation myocardial infraction [STEMI]. Between March 2003 and September 2006, all patients admitted to the Madani Heart Center, Tabriz, Iran with the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction [AMI] were included in this observational prospective study. Cases were divided into 4 groups according to the season that MI occurred, and enzymatic size and location were determined for each patient. One thousand and two hundred six cases of AMI were analyzed during the study period. In our study, no seasonal difference was observed in demographic characteristics of patients. Also, no significant seasonal variation was found in enzymatic infract size, MI location, and in-hospital mortality rate. Our findings does not support the hypothesis that enzymatic size, mortality rates, and location of STEMI varies by seasons. Myocardial Ischemia diagnosis Impaired holter-derived variables of parasympathetic activity in diabetic patients with daily-life silent myocardial ischemia. Al Dousary, Ahmad Ali; El Enezy, Saleh; Akbar, Mousa A.J.; Hegazy, Ali Mohamad E-mail:aldousai@hotmail.com Farwania Hospital - Department of Medicine KMJ - Kuwait Medical Journal 2009; 41 (2): 128-133 (25 ref.) Keywords: Electrocardiography, Ambulatory; Parasympathetic Nervous System; Activities of Daily Living; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated; Forecasting; Cross-Sectional Studies; Sensitivity and Specificity; Myocardial Infarction Abstract: To evaluate Holter-derived variables of impaired parasympathetic activity in diabetic patients with silent myocardial ischemia. Cross sectional nature cohort study. Department of Medicine, Farwania Hospital, Kuwait. One hundred and sixty patients with diabetes mellitus. 24-hour Holter electrocardiography [ECG] monitoring was used for heart rate variability and silent myocardial ischemia. Predictive indices revealed that Holter derived variables of parasympathetic activity [p-NN50, rMMD, SDANN-i] are considered as indicators for prediction of likelihood of daily life silent myocardial ischemia in diabetic patients. Sensitivity was 86, 85, 82%, specificity=88, 89, 81%, accuracy = 87, 86, 87%, positive predictive value = 89, 90, 86% and negative predictive value = 84, 83, 81% respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that duration of diabetes status and serum level of HbA1c, as independent variables were associated with likelihood of daily life silent myocardial ischemia [p < 0.05]. Receiver operating characteristic [ROC] curve data revealed that the best cut-off value of p-NN50 was 8% with sensitivity = 86% and false positive = 16%, [rMMD] = 26 m sec with sensitivity = 85% and false positive =15% and [SDANN-i] = 96 m sec with sensitivity = 81% and false positive = 21% for prediction of likelihood of daily life silent myocardial ischemia in diabetic patients. Silent myocardial ischemia in diabetic patients provides statistically significantly association with impaired parasympathetic activity. National Health Programs organization and administration The national oncology program: a Yemeni-Canadian partnership. Vandenberg, Theodore; Nagi, Nadeem; Garcia, Bertha; Kirk, Catherine; Gilchrist, James; Poirier, Susan; Allen, Hugh; Driedger, Albert; Fournie, Kate; Basahi, Mohamed; Robinsong, Martin E-mail:ted.vandenberg@lhsc.on.ca London Health Sciences Centre - Department of Oncology IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   61 Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Therapy 2009; 2 (1): 294-298 (18 ref.) Keywords: Neoplasms-epidemiology; Neoplasms-mortality; World Health Organization; Education, Public Health Professional; Health Promotion; Medical Oncology; Needs Assessment Abstract: Cancer in developing countries is growing and will soon be a major problem as life expectancy increases. This article outlines the experience and future objectives of a partnership between Yemeni and Canadian oncology professionals in their attempt to develop a National Oncology Program in Yemen. We review current knowledge of the epidemiology, social, educational and economic challenges as well as suggested initial steps in developing a relevant oncology program for this society. Natural Cytotoxicity Triggering Receptor 2 Expression of NC-2 receptor on MCL cells and its natural cytotoxicity against cancer cells. Shirzad, Hedayatollah; Zamanzad, Behnam; Shahabi, Ghorbanali E-mail:Bzamanzad@yahoo.com Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences - Department of Microbiology and Immunology KMJ - Kuwait Medical Journal 2009; 41 (2): 112-116 (20 ref.) Keywords: Cell Line; Mast Cells; Tumor Cells, Cultured; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Flow Cytometry; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; Interleukin-3; Killer Cells, Natural Abstract: To identify the expression of NC-2 on an interleukin-3 dependent mast cell line [MCL] and investigate the activity of this receptor against tumor cells. Laboratory study. Cellular and Molecular Center, Shahrekord, Iran. The MCL cells were stained with D9 monoclonal antibody [anti-NC-2] and analysed by flow cytometry. This was confirmed by immunoperoxidase staining. The cytotoxicity assay was performed to show the cytotoxic activity of MCL cells against 51Cr-labelled WEHI-164 tumor cells. The expression of NC-2 on MCL cells, and the anti-tumor activity of this receptor were investigated. Flow cytometric analysis and in vitro experiments were performed for showing the activity of NC-2 against cancer. NC-2 receptor was expressed on more than 95% of MCL cells. Pretreatment with D9 monoclonal antibody resulted in about 63% reduction in natural cytotoxicity of MCL cells against WEHI-164 tumor target cells. NC-2 is also one of the receptors expressed on MCL and utilized for WEHI-164 tumor cell killing. Neoplasms therapy Cancer management in Sudan: current status and future perspectives. Abu Idris, Dafalla Omer; Ahmed, Anas Osman; Elmadani, Ahmed Elkhidir; Eltayeb, Elgaylani Abdalla; Elgaili, Elgaili Mohamed; Elwali, Nasreldin Abdalla; Hamed, Kamal Eldein E-mail:abuidris@yahoo.com University of Gezira - Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Biology and Oncology [INMO] - Department of Radiation Oncology Sudan Journal of Medical Sciences 2009; 4 (2): 189-193 (6 ref.) Keywords: Cancer Care Facilities; Developing Countries; Nuclear Medicine; Radiation Oncology; Molecular Biology; Medical Oncology; Disease Management; Oncology Service, Hospital Abstract: Sudan is one of the developing countries that face a great challenge with cancer management. About 5700 cases had been seen during year 2007 in Radiation and Isotope Center- Khartoum [RICK] and Institute of Nuclear medicine, Molecular biology, and Oncology [INMO] Wadmedani which are the only cancer centers in Sudan. Aim of this work is to highlight the difficulties of cancer management in Sudan and to propose possible solutions. This paper evaluates the current situation of cancer management in Sudan through reviewing of data available in cancer centers and reports from the Sudan national bureau of statistic. Suggestions are also made for cancer control plan in Sudan having the current situation in mind and guided by the published international data on cancer control. The preliminary analysis of the available data reveals that Sudan has very limited resources available to deal with cancer and the service provided is not evenly distributed. Establishment of new centers is extremely needed with special attention to good distribution of services. To achieve such a goal training of more staff and upgrading of the existing centers is mandatory to manage all types of cancer. Cancer registry is the right way to plan for cancer control in Sudan. Nerve Fibers, Myelinated ultrastructure Electron microscopic study of the myelinated nerve fibres and the perineurial cell basement membrane in the diabetic human peripheralnerves. El Barrany, Wagih G.; Hamdy, Raid M.; Al Hayani, Abdulmonem A.; Jalalah, Sawsan M. Alexandria University - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Anatomy Neurosciences 2009; 14 (2): 131-138 (36 ref.) Keywords: Diabetic Neuropathies; Sural Nerve; Basement Membrane; Microscopy, Electron; Peripheral Nerves; Diabetes Mellitus-complications Abstract: To study the quantitative and ultrastructural changes in myelinated nerve fibers and the basement membranes of the perineurial cells in diabetic nerves. The study was performed at the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia from 2003 to 2005. Human sural nerves were obtained from 15 lower limbs and 5 diabetic nerve biopsies. The total mean and density of myelinated nerve fibers per fascicle IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   62 were calculated, with density of microtubules and mitochondria in the axoplasm. The number of the perineurial cell basement membrane layers was counted, and thickness of the basement membrane was measured. Among the 15 diabetic and 5 normal human sural nerves, the average diameters, number and surface area of myelinated nerve fibers and axonal microtubules density were found to be less in diabetic nerves. Mitochondrial density was higher in diabetic axons. Thickness of the perineurial cell basement membrane had a greater mean, but the number of perineurial cell layers was less than that of the diabetic group. The inner cellular layer of the perineurium of the diabetic nerves contained large vacuoles containing electron-dense degenerated myelin. A few specimens showed degenerated myelinated nerve fibers, while others showed recovering ones. Retracted axoplasms were encountered with albumin extravasation. Diabetes caused an increase in perineurial permeability. The diabetic sural nerve showed marked decrease in the myelinated nerve fibres, increase degenerated mitochondria, and decreased microtubules. Neuronal Migration Disorders diagnosis Pattern of childhood neuronal migrational disorders in Oman. Koul, Roshan L.; Alfuitasi, Amna M.; Sankhla, Dilip K.; Javad, Hashim; William, Ranjan R. E-mail:koulroshan@gmail.com Sultan Qaboos University Hospital - College of Medicine - Department of Child Health Neurosciences 2009; 14 (2): 158-162 (22 ref.) Keywords: Corpus Callosum-abnormalities; Epilepsy; Lissencephaly; Seizures; Classical Lissencephalies and Subcortical Band Heterotopias; Malformations of Cortical Development; Holoprosencephaly; Child; Magnetic Resonance Imaging Abstract: To record the pattern of different neuronal migrational disorders [NMD] and their associated neurological conditions. The data were collected at the Child Neurology Services of Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Oman, from January 1993 to September 2006 from all children with psychomotor delay and epilepsy, who underwent brain imaging [mostly MRI]. The MR imaging was used for the diagnosis of a neuronal migration anomaly. There were 86 cases of NMD. Corpus callosum agenesis and lissencephaly/pachygyria formed the major group. There were 48 cases of corpus callosum agenesis, and 16 cases of lissencephaly/pachygyria. Other disorders were 10 cases of heterotopias, 5 schizencephaly, 3 holoprosencephaly, 2 polymicrogyria, and one each of hemimegalencephaly, and hydranencephaly. Developmental delay was the most common associated finding noted in 80 [93%] cases. Sixty- seven [77.9%] cases had motor deficit. Forty out of 86 [46.5%] cases had epilepsy. Partial/partial complex seizures were the most common at 13 out of 40 [32.5%]. Syndromic seizures were seen in 11 out of 40 [27.5%] cases. The seizures were controlled in only 3/40 [7.5%] cases. The NMD constitute a significant number of child neurology patients with psychomotor delay and intractable epilepsy. Exogenic and genetic factors affecting the early embryonic and fetal development from sixth to twenty-sixth weeks of gestation result in NMD. Recent genetic studies are defining the underlying mechanism and these studies will help in early diagnosis and possible prevention of NMD. Neurotransmitter Agents Neurotransmitters - a biochemical view. Shalayel, Mohammed H.F.; Idris, Saadeldin A.; Al Noaemi, Mohammed; Ahmed, Salah A.M. E-mail:drmhfs@hotmail.com National College for Medical and Technical Studies - Department of Biochemistry Sudan Journal of Medical Sciences 2009; 4 (2): 167-178 (24 ref.) Keywords: Synaptic Transmission; Neurons; Synapses; Receptors, Neurotransmitter; Synaptic Vesicles; Acetylcholine; Opioid Peptides; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Parkinson Disease; Myasthenia Gravis Abstract: The neurotransmission at most if not all synapses is chemical and is of great biochemical, physiological and pharmacological importance. Neurons communicate with each other at synapses by a process called synaptic transmission which is the release of small quantities of chemical messengers, called neurotransmitters that alter the electrical activity of neurons after they interact with receptors on post-synaptic cell surfaces. This review gives a biochemical view on the nature of neurotransmitters and presents the biochemical chart and the medical relevance of the most important neurotransmitters. Nocturnal Enuresis epidemiology Prevalence of bedwetting for children in Mosul city. Abdul Rahman, Shatha; Hussain, Rhadwan; Abdul Rahman, Shahd E-mail:shathamosul@yahoo.com Mosul University - College of Nursing - Community Medicine Jordan Medical Journal 2009; 43 (1): 44-50 (13 ref.) Keywords: Nocturnal Enuresis-etiology; Risk Factors; Family Characteristics; Birth Order; Educational Status; Social Class; Prevalence; Cross-Sectional Studies; Questionnaires; Child Abstract: The mental and behavioral disorders, just as the other types of illnesses, creats significant economic difficulties for children, patients and their families. The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of bedwetting in Mosul city and some risk factors related to it. To achieve the above mentioned aim, a cross -sectional IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   63 study design was adopted, some primary schools were chosen as a study setting. The questionnaire forms were sent to the selected families. Out of 600 questionnaires, [596] were received [99.3%]. More than one tenth [13.8%] of pupils aged 6-8 years were bedwetters, while boys were more affected than girls. The present study revealed that bedwetting is significantly influenced by multiple factors including gender, child's age group, family size, birth order, education of parents, socioeconomic status of the family and diseases of father; as stressful life events, in addition to sleep pattern and family history of having the same condition. Whereas mothers disease is poorly associated with the occurrence of bedwetting. The present study shows that more than one tenth of the children suffered from bedwetting, which appeared in male children, small children, large family sizes, birth order, poor education of father and mother, and family history of holding the same condition. Nurses psychology Jordanian nurses' perception of leadership characteristics: descriptive phenomenological study. Hamdan Mansour, Ayman M.; Dawani, Hania A. E-mail:a.mansour@ju.edu.jo University of Jordan - Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing Chairperson - Department of Community Health Nursing Jordan Medical Journal 2009; 43 (1): 21-32 (20 ref.) Keywords: Leadership; Schools, Nursing; Social Perception Abstract: The purpose of this phenomenological descriptive study was to describe the Jordanian nurses' perception of the leadership characteristics and situational factors that affect nursing care as perceived by Jordanian nurses. A total sample of 19 registered nurses were selected conveniently from a major governmental hospital at the capital of Amman, and interviewed individually using critical incidents method at the work site. The study revealed up to 15 minor personal themes, collapsed into four major themes characterizing the leadership behavior, and eight situational factors. Most of the personal themes, and the situational factors were perceived as negative, while three personal themes and one situational factor were perceived as positive. Dishonesty, partiality and creating problems, were the most repeated personal themes respectively, while support was the most reported positive theme. Injustice was the most repeated situation factor. The results imply that there is an overwhelming situation that nurses suffer from at the personal and institutional levels. Institutions should emphasize on the role of nurse leaders through in-service education programs and recruitment procedures. Nursing curricula should also focus on teaching nursing students clinical leadership skills, emphasize leadership theory and practice, and support leadership qualities among nursing students. Nursing Education Research The appropriateness of educational programs' objectives for professional needs: the viewpoints of Khorramabad school of nursing andmidwifery graduates. Toulabi, T.; Janani, F.; Mohammadi, E. Qurban E-mail:toulabi_t@yahoo.com Tarbiat Modares University - School of Nursing and Midwifery - Department of Nursing IJME - Iranian Journal of Medical Education 2009; 8 (2): 263-273 (51 ref.) Keywords: Nursing Evaluation Research; Needs Assessment; Program Evaluation; Education, Nursing; Cross- Sectional Studies; Questionnaires; Midwifery Abstract: Evaluating the educational programs from the viewpoints of graduates may identify the weaknesses of such programs and provide the opportunity for their improvement. This study was performed to determine the appropriateness of educational programs for professional needs from the viewpoints of graduates of Khorramabad School of Nursing and Midwifery. This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in the years 2006-2007 on 407 nursing and midwifery graduates who had graduated during 1999-2005. A questionnaire containing items about demographic data, appropriateness of educational programs objectives for professional needs, and factors influencing the quality of educational programs was sent to participants by mail and completed by them. The data was analyzed by SPSS software using descriptive statistics and Chi-square. Most of the nursing [72.9%] and midwifery [72.4%] graduates evaluated their competencies in taking care of patients as high. They also evaluated the training courses more effective on professional efficacy compared to practical and theoretical courses. From the graduates' points of view, the acquired skills during their academic years fulfilled their professional needs moderately, and lacking the essential skills made the nurses more strained than the midwives [37.1% and 22.4%, respectively]. Factors affecting the quality of educational programs were reported by the graduates to be qualified faculty members and instructors, facilities for clinical education, educational environment, used teaching methods, educational facilities of the school, and the availability of scientific resources. Professional needs of nursing and midwifery graduates are not fully covered by educational programs. It seems necessary to change the educational programs and provide required means and facilities in order to achieve the professional objectives and train skilled and productive human resources. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   64 Nursing Faculty Practice Performance evaluation of nursing faculty members: a qualitative study. Pazargadi, M.; Khatiban, M.; Ashktorab, T. E-mail:mehrnoosh_Pazar@yahoo.com Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences - School of Nursing and Midwifery - Department of Nursing Management IJME - Iranian Journal of Medical Education 2009; 8 (2): 213-227 (35 ref.) Keywords: Faculty, Nursing; Self-Evaluation Programs; Qualitative Research; Employee Performance Appraisal Abstract: Performance evaluation [PE] of nurse faculty members is complicated and difficult but seems necessary. Deans of the faculties, their educational assistants, and faculty member nurses are responsible for planning, performing, and revising evaluation. Finding their common views in developing PE is of special importance. The aim of this study was to elucidate and describe PE of nurse faculty members. In this qualitative study, the required data was gathered through two methods of semi-structured interview with experts and examining the existing policies, procedures, and evaluation documents. Totally, the contents of 22 individual interviews and 26 series of subject materials went under qualitative content analysis using arbitrary approach. Purposive sampling and census methods were used for selecting the interviewees and evaluation documents, respectively. Participants had a wide-ranging perspective toward the PE of faculty member nurses. Having the analysis done, these perspectives and the content of the existing documents were placed in three major themes: individual qualifications of faculty member, performance process, and practice outcome. The items which were not in the concept of PE but had an effect on it were categorized as organizational factors. Findings of the current study confirms the suggestions of the experts, who agree a combination of individual attributes, behavior, and result-based systems for PE. But, it considers the qualifications of faculty members which are improvable and modifiable instead of individual attributes. Besides, paying attention to some organizational factors which affect PE is a matter of importance. Occlusal Adjustment An evaluation of occlusal contacts of remounted complete denture before final occlusal adjustment. Atashrazm, P.; Lari, H. Ansari; Khorsand, M. E-mail:p_atashrazm@sbmu.ac.ir Islamic Azad University - School of Dentistry - Department of Removable Prosthodontics Journal of Dentistry - Shiraz University of Medical Sciences 2009; 9 (Supp.): 1-5 (27 ref.) Keywords: Denture, Complete; Dental Occlusion; Cross-Sectional Studies Abstract: There are various studies about the advantages and effect of remounting procedures on success of complete dentures; however, the number and distribution of occlusal contacts of remounted complete dentures before occlusal adjustment have not been sufficiently assessed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the distribution and number of occlusal contacts of remounted complete dentures in centric relation before occlusal adjustment. In this cross-sectional study, 207 newly constructed complete dentures were remounted on a modified two dimensional articulators. For identification of occlusal contacts, a 60 micron articulating paper was used to mark the actual contacts of the opposing teeth. The articulating paper was interposed between the teeth, and contacts were obtained by holding the articulating paper between the opposing teeth. The number and distribution of the occlusal contacts on each complete denture in centric relation were recorded and analyzed, using descriptive statistics. Out of the 207 studied complete dentures, 203 had occlusal contacts. Among 203 complete dentures, 138 [68%] and 65 [32%] had bilateral and unilateral occlusal contacts, respectively. The total number of occlusal contacts was 713 with a range of 1-14. The mean number of occlusal contacts was 3.44 +/- 2.29. The results suggest that the number of occlusal contacts of remounted complete dentures before occlusal adjustments by articulating paper was low, the posterior teeth did not meet evenly all around the arch at the first contact, and delivery of such complete dentures may lead to occlusal error and unstable complete denture. Oculomotor Nerve anatomy and histology Study on surgical approaches and electrode implantation of oculomotor nerve and inferior obliquus in beagle dogs. Zhu, Ning-Xi; Meng, You-Qiang; Feng, Bao-Hui; Wang, Xu-Hui; Li, Xin-Yuan; Yang, Min; Zhu, Shu-Gan; Li, Shi-Ting Shandong University Qilu Hospital - Department of Neurosurgery Saudi Medical Journal 2009; 30 (3): 358-364 (30 ref.) Keywords: Oculomotor Muscles-anatomy and histology; Surgical Procedures, Operative; Electrodes, Implanted; Electromyography; Dogs Abstract: To study the surgical anatomy and approaches of intracranial oculomotor nerve [OMN] and inferior obliquus [IO], and the methods of their electrode implantation in dogs. The research was performed on 30 adult beagle dogs at Shanghai Jiaotong University Medical College, Shanghai, China from November 2007 to August 2008. All animals were subjected to a right Trans frontotemperal approach to intracranial OMN, a transconjunctival route to IO, and the neuro-stimulating and recording electrode implantation under general anaesthesia. The OMN was stimulated and the electromyography of IO recorded and analyzed with the Power lab System. The security and reliability of the implanted electrodes were investigated. The surgical anatomy and approaches of both the OMN from its exit from midbrain to the IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   65 entrance into cavernous sinus and the IO were described. Moreover, the implantation methods of OMN stimulating electrode and the electromyographic recording electrode of IO were displayed. The implanted electrodes were safe and reliable. Some electrophysiologic data of IO were obtained in the healthy dogs. Also, some perioperative precautions for intracranial and ophthalmic surgical procedures in dog were exhibited. The mortality rate of the dogs was 0%, and no operative complications were observed. With the data provided, these surgical approaches and the methods of electrode implantation offer a choice to construct an animal model for studying various aspects of OMN regeneration. Odontogenic Cyst, Calcifying diagnosis Ameloblastomatous calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor: a rare histologic variant. Abbas, F. Mashhadi; Moshref, M.; Sargolzaie, S.; Kargahi, N. E-mail:f_mashhadi_a@yahoo.com Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences - School of Dentistry - Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Journal of Dentistry - Shiraz University of Medical Sciences 2009; 9 (Supp.): 45-48 (16 ref.) Keywords: Mandibular Neoplasms-diagnosis; Ameloblastoma-diagnosis; Jaw Neoplasms; Odontogenic Cyst, Calcifying-pathology; Ameloblastoma-pathology; Mouth; Mandible; World Health Organization; Odontogenic Tumors Abstract: In agreement with the new classification of the World Health Organization [WHO] 2005, calcifying odontogenic cyst [COC] or calcifying cystic odont-ogenic tumor [CCOT] is an uncommon developmental odontogenic lesion that demonstrates histopathologic diversity. Predominantly, it occurs in the anterior region of the mouth and in the second and third decades of life. Odontogenic tumors such as ameloblastoma have been reported to be associated with CCOT. In this paper, we report a case of ameloblastomatous CCOT in a boy with involvement of mandibular ramus-an extremely rare histologic variant. The microscopic examination revealed a CCOT; ghost cell within ameloblastic islands in the connective tissue wall was observed. Oral Hygiene Oral hygiene awareness among female Saudi school children. Al Mendalawi, Mahmood D. Baghdad University - Al Kindy College of Medicine - Department of Pediatrics Saudi Medical Journal 2009; 30 (3): 453 (6 ref.) Keywords: Dental Health Services; School Health Services; Child; Awareness; Schools Orthodontics Assessment of orthodontic treatment needs of Iraqi Kurdish teenagers using the Dental Aesthetic Index. Al Huwaizi, A.F.; Ali Rasheed, T. E-mail:akram@alhuwaizi.net University of Baghdad - College of Dentistry - Department of Orthodontics EMHJ - Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2009; 15 (6): 1535-1541 (33 ref.) Keywords: Needs Assessment; Esthetics, Dental; Rural Population; Urban Population; Dental Health Surveys Abstract: This oral health survey aimed to determine the orthodontic treatment needs of teenagers in Sulaimaniya, Iraq. A clinical examination was made of a random sample of 998 Kurdish School children aged 13 years. Dental Aesthetic Index [DAI] scores ranged from 13 to 65, with a mean of 25.4 [SD 9.2]. From these scores, treatment needs were assessed as: no or slight need 58.6%, elective 18.5%, highly desirable 12.5% and mandatory [handicapping malocclusion] 10.3%. Highly desirable or mandatory treatment need [DAI >/= 31] was found in equal proportions of males [23.2%] and females [22.6%], but in more rural [25.1%] than urban [20.6%] residents. Oryza sativa genetics Overexpression of rice chitinase gene: evaluation of chitinase ability as a bio-antifungal agent. Sharaf, Ahmed. N.; Abdelkader, Hayam S.; Abdel Hadi, Abd El Hadi A.; Ahmed, Dalia S. E-mail:ahmedsharaf51@hotmail.com Cairo University - Faculty of Agriculture - Department of Genetics Arab Journal of Biotechnology 2009; 12 (1): 85-98 (33 ref.) Keywords: Chitinase; Antifungal Agents; Plant Leaves Abstract: Seven local fungal isolates of Pyricularia grisea were purified from infected rice leaves. The total proteins were extracted and SDS-PAGE was carried out to differentiate between the expression of proteins in infected and healthy plants. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed the accumulation of 35-kDa chitinase after 16, 20, 24 and 48 hr [hours post inoculation]. Rice chitinase gene [1.023 bp] was successfully amplified from the total RNA extracted from infected IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   66 rice using RT-PCR. The amplified fragment was cloned and over expressed in E. coli BL21 cells as 6x-His- fusion protein. Recombinant chitinase fusion protein was successfully purified using Ni-NTA affinity column chromatography. Two chitinase activity assays against P. grisea were carried by the filter disc and the dissimilar concentrations plates method. The results indicated that the expressed chitinase protein had an antifungal activity against P. grisea. Osteitis Deformans therapy Paget's disease scintgraphy and hormonal treatment. Louca, Nadia A. National Research Center - Hormone Department New Egyptian Journal of Medicine [The] 2009; 40 (1): 7-18 (27 ref.) Keywords: Osteitis Deformans-diagnosis; Alkaline Phosphatase; Signs and Symptoms; Radionuclide Imaging; Diphosphonates-therapeutic use; Calcitonin-therapeutic use; Treatment Outcome; Osteitis Deformans-complications; Osteitis Deformans-radiography; Vitamin D-therapeutic use; Calcium-therapeutic use Abstract: Pagetr's Disease is an intense osteoclastic resorption of bone followed by intense osteoblastic activity accompanied by intense vascularity replacement of normal lamellar bone with connective tissue with a significant in mature collagen content and sub-periosteal new bone formation resulting in the characteristic cortical thickening. Pagefs disease can cause pain in the bones or joints, headaches and hearing loss, pressure on nerves, increased head size, bowing of limb, or curvature of spine. Tests used to diagnose Paget's disease include X-ray, blood and urine tests and bone scanning. The recommended treatment, in addition to receiving 1000-1500 mg of calcium, adequate sunshine, ca400 units of vitamin D daily, are the bisphosphonates and calcitouin which need to be monitored by hormonal analysis within the treatment period, also serum alkaline phosphatase [SAP] level in the blood is important in monitoring the progress of treatment. Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal complications Osteoporosis-related vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women: prevalence in a Saudi Arabian sample. Sadat Ali, M.; Gullenpet, A.H.; Al Mulhim, F.; Al Turki, H.; Al Shammary, H.; Al Elq, A.; Al Othman, A. E-mail:drsadat@hotmail.com King Faisal University and King Fahd Hospital of the University - College of Medicine - Department of Orthopaedic Surgery EMHJ - Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2009; 15 (6): 1420-1425 (24 ref.) Keywords: Spinal Fractures-etiology; Prevalence; Spinal Fractures-radiography; Retrospective Studies; Life Style Abstract: The study aimed to determine hospital-based prevalence of vertebral fractures in postmenopausal Saudi Arabian women. Chest radiographs from consecutive Saudi women over the age of 50 years visiting the emergency room at King Fahd Hospital of the University were evaluated. Of 785 radiographs analysed 159 [20.3%] patients had 198 vertebral fractures. The mean age of the women was 65.7 [SD 8.5] years. In only 37.8% of the radiographs with fractures was a vertebral fracture highlighted in the radiologist's report, and only 13.2% of the women with vertebral fractures were on antiresorptive therapy for osteoporosis. Oxidative Stress Studies on biomarkers for oxidative stress in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. Singh, Raj K.; Tripathi, Anil K.; Tripathi, Payal; Singh, Sushma; Singh, Ranjana; Ahmad, Rizwan E-mail:singhrk23a@hotmail.com Chhatrapti Shahvj University - Department of Biochemistry and Medicine Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Therapy 2009; 2 (1): 285-288 (30 ref.) Keywords: Biological Markers-blood; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive-genetics; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive-epidemiology; Reactive Oxygen Species; Spectrophotometry; Philadelphia Chromosome; Prospective Studies; Lipid Peroxidation Abstract: Chronic myeloid leukemia [CML] is a myeloproliferative disorder with a unique genetic rearrangement, the Philadelphia chromosome. High reactive oxygen species [ROS] levels favor oxidative stress, which could play a vital role in normal processes and various path physiologies including neoplasm. Biomarkers of oxidative stress are measured as products of oxidized proteins and lipids. Plasma levels of protein carbonyl [PC], thiobarbituric acid reactive substances [TBARS] and total lipid hydro peroxide [LOOH] were used as biomarkers of oxidative stress in the past. The aim of this study was to evaluate the products of protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation in plasma as biomarkers of oxidative stress in CML patients. The study included 40 CML patients and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers. Of 40 CML patients, 28 were in chronic phase [CML-CP] and 12 in accelerated phase [CML-AP]. Plasma levels of PC, TBARS and LOOH as biomarkers of oxidative stress were evaluated by Spectrophotometry methods. There were significant differences [P<.05] in plasma levels of PC, TBARS and LOOH in CML, CML-CP and CML-AP patients as compared to controls. PC, TBARS and LOOH might reflect oxidative stress in CML patients and might be used as biomarkers in such patients. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   67 Paranasal Sinus Diseases surgery Causes and management of failure in endoscopic middle meatus antrostomies. Ben Gamra, Olfa; Khamassi, Khaled; Hariga, Ines; Mediouni, Azza; Ben Amor, Mohamed; Zribi, Sara; Mbarek, Chiraz; El Khedim, Abdel Kader E-mail:olfa.bengamra@rns.tn Habib Thameur Hospital - Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Journal of the Arab Board of Medical Specializations 2009; 10 (1): 49-53 (17 ref.) Keywords: Endoscopy; Treatment Failure; Tissue Adhesives; Sinusitis-surgery; Retrospective Studies; Disease Management Abstract: The aim of this study is to analyse the causes and the management of failed endoscopic middle meatus antrostomies [EMMA] in chronic sinusitis and benign sinonasal lesions or tumors. We carried a retrospective study about 257 EMMA cases performed in our department for 201 patients between 1996 and 2006. All patients had complete ORL examination and preoperative sinonasal CT. After surgery, preoperative and postoperative symptoms were compared and nasal endoscopy was performed in all cases. Persistent rhinologic and radiological symptoms were considered as a failure of surgery. In these cases, revision surgery was performed, either by endoscopic approach or by Caldwell-Luc procedure. Mean follow-up period was 2 years. The indication of surgery was the presence of chronic sinusitis, benign lesions or benign tumors in 53.2%, 41.8% and 5% of cases respectively. Seventy- one EMMA procedures failed [27.6%]. Causes of failure were mainly represented by the presence of synechia [38%], ostium stenosis [24%], medical causes and comorbidity [15.5%], persistent or recurrent lesions [15.5%] and missed natural ostium [7%]. Nineteen patients [9.4%] required revision surgery because of persistent symptoms after medical therapy. Either endoscopic or vestibular approaches were performed. Seventy-three percent of the revision cases respond to surgical treatment with complete resolution of symptoms. Failure of EMMA can be due to numerous and variable causes. The management of failed EMMA includes medical therapy, revision endoscopic surgery or vestibular approaches. Patient Rights When the patient says "no". Kloub, A.G. E-mail:Kloub@msn.com Prince Hamza Hospital - Trauma and Surgical Critical Care Department EMHJ - Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2009; 15 (6): 1621-1623 (11 ref.) Keywords: Treatment Refusal; Neoplasms-psychology Pefloxacin blood Development and validation of a HPLC method for determination of pefloxacin in tablet and human plasma. Gauhar, Shahnaz; Ali, Syed Ayub; Shoaib, Harris; Naqvi, Syed Baqir Shyum; Muhammad, Iyad Naeem E-mail:shahnaz_gauhar@yahoo.com University of Karachi - Faculty of Pharmacy - Department of Pharmaceutics Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences 2009; 12 (1): 33-42 (38 ref.) Keywords: Pefloxacin-chemistry; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Fluoroquinolones; Validation Studies as Topic; Tablets-analysis Abstract: Developing and validating a simple, efficient, reproducible and economic reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic [RP-HPLC] method for the quantitative determination of pefloxacin in bulk material, tablets and in human plasma. A shim-pack CLC-ODS column and a mobile phase constituting acetonitrile: 0.025 M phosphoric acid solution [13:87 v/v, pH 2.9 adjusted with KOH] was used. The flow rate was 1 ml/min and the analyses performed using ultraviolet [UV] detector at a wavelength of 275 nm using acetaminophen as an internal standard. The developed method showed good resolution between pefloxacin and acetaminophen. It was selective to pefloxacin and able to resolve the drug peak from internal standard and from formulation excipients. The percentage of coefficient variation [CV] of the retention times and peak areas of pefloxacin from the six consecutive injections were 0.566% and 0.989%, respectively. The results showed that the peak area responses are linear within the concentration range of 0.125 mg/ml-12 mg/ml [R2=0.9987]. The limits of detection [LOD] and limits of quantitation [LOQ] for pefloxacin were 0.03125 mg/ml and 0.125 mg/ml. The intra-day and inter-day variation, RSD were 0.376-0.9056 and 0.739-0.853 respectively; also, inter-day variation with relative standard deviation [RSD] were 0.1465-0.821 in plasma. The accuracy results of 70%, 100%, and 130% drugs were 100.72%, 100.34%, and 100.09%, respectively. The method is linear, quantitative, reproducible and could be used as a more convenient, efficient and economical method for the trace analysis of drug in biological fluids, in raw material and tablets. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   68 Pemphigoid Gestationis diagnosis A 24 year old pregnant lady with skin rash over her body. Al Sulaiti, Rola; Qarata, Ebrahim; Darwish, Abdulla BDF Hospital - Department of Dermatology JBMS - Journal of the Bahrain Medical Society 2009; 21 (1): 228-229 (3 ref.) Keywords: Exanthema; Pregnancy; Blister; Skin; Biopsy; Injections, Intralesional; Steroids; Autoimmune Diseases; Diagnosis, Differential Penile Diseases surgery Clinical application of scrotal flap on penis lengthening. Zhuo, Qinqiang; Li, Shirong; Wu, Julong; Wang, Zhenxiang; Yang, Dongyun; Tao, Ling Third Military Medical University - Southwestern Hospital - Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery Saudi Medical Journal 2009; 30 (3): 418-421 (10 ref.) Keywords: Surgical Flaps; Scrotum-blood supply; Surgical Procedures, Operative; Treatment Outcome; Postoperative Complications; Penis Abstract: To investigate the clinical application of the scrotal flap on penis lengthening. One hundred and fifty-two patients were operated using the scrotal flap from July 1998 to January 2008 at the Department of Plastic and Aesthetic, Surgery Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, China. The procedure consisted of designing a positive sign shaped incision 1.5 cm above the root of the penis, dissect and release the superficial suspensory ligament and part of the deep suspensory ligament, then cover the elongated cavernosum with proper scrotal flap. Six-month to 5-year follow-up showed that all patients were satisfied with the good contour and function of the penis. The operation was successful. The method of using scrotal flap on penis lengthening has the following advantages: simple operation, reliable blood supply of the flap, one-stage operation, and satisfactory postoperative results. It is a preferable operation technique for penis lengthening. Peptides, Cyclic diagnostic use Comparison of the anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide and rheumatoid factor in rheumatoid arthritis at an arthritis center. Attar, Suzan M.; Bunting, Peter S.; Smith, Charles D.; Karsh, Jacob E-mail:suzan_attar@hotmail.com King Abdul Aziz University - Department of Internal Medicine Saudi Medical Journal 2009; 30 (3): 446-447 (5 ref.) Keywords: Arthritis, Rheumatoid-diagnosis; Rheumatoid Factor-diagnostic use; Autoantibodies; Immunoglobulins; Sensitivity and Specificity; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Nephelometry and Turbidimetry Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation statistics and numerical data A retrospective comparison of allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell versus bone marrow transplantation. Bittencourt, Henrique; Lopes, Monalisa; Vaz de Macedo, Antonio; Teixeira, Elen Rose; Gomes, Gabriel Gomes Sabido; Ferreira, Galileu Galilei; Amaral, Leandro; Soares, Priscila; Vieira, Monica; Dusse, Luci Maria E-mail:Hebit@terra.com Federal University of Minas Gerais - Internal Medicin Department Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Therapy 2009; 2 (1): 272-277 (36 ref.) Keywords: Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation-mortality; Bone Marrow Transplantation-statistics and numerical data; Bone Marrow Transplantation-mortality; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols-therapeutic use; Graft vs Host Disease-epidemiology; Retrospective Studies; Survival Rate Abstract: Disease evolution depends in part on the source of transplanted cells. Therefore, we compared outcomes after allogeneic bone marrow [BM] and peripheral blood stem cell [PBSC] transplantation in patients who underwent transplant at Hospital das Clinicas of the Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil. We studied 364 patients who received allogeneic BM [n=142] or PBSC transplantation [n=222] between July 1995 and May 2005. The median age of the patients was 31 years [range, 3.1-58 years]. Chronic myeloid leukemia was the predominant diagnosis [41.2%]. A conditioning regimen with cycclosphosphamide and busulfan was used in 79.4% [n=289] and graft-versus-host disease [GVHD] prophylaxis was cyclosporine/methotrexate in 95.9% [n=349] of cases. The patients in the PBSC group had faster neutrophil [P<.001] and platelet engraftment [P=.03] but increased rates of acute GVHD [P < .001] vs. those in the BM group. There was no significant difference between the groups in chronic GVHD, transplant-related IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   69 mortality, relapse and survival rates. Although allogeneic PBSC transplant results in a faster hematopoietic engraftment, there was an increase in acute GVHD. There was no clear benefit in relapse rate and no evidence that transplantation with PBSC benefits patient survival in our institution. Pituitary Gland radiography Pituitary magnetic resonance imaging experience in Jordan. Hadidy, Azmy M.; Jallad, Dana G.; Haroun, Azmi A.; Mahafza, Waleed S.; Ajlouni, Kamel M. E-mail:amshadidy@yahoo.com University of Jordan - Jordan University Hospital - Department of Diagnostic Radiology Neurosciences 2009; 14 (2): 143-147 (20 ref.) Keywords: Pituitary Diseases-radiography; Pituitary Neoplasms-radiography; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Empty Sella Syndrome; G adolinium DTPA; Age Factors; Sex Factors Abstract: To assess the pituitary findings as demonstrated on MRI and to compare the results with the data published in the literature. One thousand, one hundred and thirty-eight pituitary MRI's with and without intravenous contrast media [gadolinium] were performed over 6 years from 2001 to 2007 in the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Jordan University Hospital, Amman, Jordan. The patients were referred from various departments and were evaluated for pituitary, other sellar, and juxtasellar abnormalities. The results were compared with those in the published literature. Four hundred and eight-three normal scans were excluded from the study. The remaining 655 were abnormal, pituitary adenoma was detected in 327 [49.9%], micro adenoma was present in 213 [32.5%], and macro adenoma in 114 [17.4%]. Partial empty sella was seen in 157 [24%], diffuse pituitary gland enlargement in 98 [14.9%], ectopic pituitary posterior lobe in 13 [2%], and other findings in 31 [4.7%]. The incidence of pituitary adenoma was equal in both genders; however, micro adenoma was more common, affected a younger age group, and was predominately seen in females. The other parameters showed agreement with the published literature. Plant Oils toxicity Biological studies on the protective role of artichoke and green pepper against potential toxic effect of thermally oxidized oil in mice. Khalil, Wagdy K.B.; Abdel Kader, Heba A.M.; Eshak, Mariam G.; Farag, Ibrahim M.; Ghanem, Kadry Z. National Research Centre - Cell Biology Department Arab Journal of Biotechnology 2009; 12 (1): 27-39 (39 ref.) Keywords: Protective Agents; Helianthus; Capsicum; Mice; Reproduction; Liver Function Tests; Oocytes; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Cynara scolymus Abstract: The present investigation was designed to evaluate oocytes competence including quality, meiotic progression and expression of ERK2 gene and activities of liver enzymes [ALT, AST and gamma-GT] in female mice fed diets containing sunflower oil repeatedly used in frying processes [FO]. The protective role of artichoke and green pepper against such potential dangers were also studied. Results revealed that mice fed FO diet had a significant decrease in number of good collected acolytes compared with those fed normal oil [NO] diet. Mice fed FO diet and artichoke extract at two levels, 0.5% [FO-A1] and 1% [FO-A2] as drinking water or FO diet plus dried ground green pepper at two levels, 5% [FO-G1] and 10% [FO-G2] had a significant increase in number of good collected oocytes compared with those fed FO diet. Animals fed FO-A1 or FO-G1 diets had the highest percentage of good oocytes. A statistically significant increase in the percentages of mature oocytes occurred in mice fed FO-A1, FO-A2, and FO-G1 diets as compared to those fed FO diet. The animals fed FO-G2 diet had a non-significant increase of percentages of mature oocytes than the animals fed FO diet. The expression of ERK2 gene was high in ovary tissues collected from female mice fed NO, FO, FO-A1, or FO-G1 diets. However, the ERK2 gene expression was low in mice fed FO-A2 or FO-G2 diets. Biochemical assay showed that mice fed FO diet had significant decrease in AST and ALT activities. A significant increase in enzyme activity of gamma- GT compared with those fed NO diet was also observed. A statistically significant increase in activities of AST and ALT enzymes was observed in mice fed FO-A2, FO-G1 and FO-G2 diets. However, mice fed FO-A1, FO-A2, FO-G1 and FO-G2 diets had significant decrease in the activity of gamma-GT enzyme compared with those fed FO diet. The present study demonstrated evidence that prolonged intake of diets containing sunflower oil repeatedly used in frying processes could be considered a cause of induced abnormalities in reproductive materials and liver enzymes activities of female mice. However, artichoke and green pepper proved to be suitable protectors against hazards of such toxic materials. Pneumatosis Cystoides Intestinalis diagnosis Pneumatosis intestinalis of small bowel in an adult: a case report. Arora, Rajan; Abdel Hameed, Amany; Al Harbi, Obaid E-mail:arorarajan73@rediffmail.com Al Farawaniya Hospital - Department of Pathology KMJ - Kuwait Medical Journal 2009; 41 (2): 143-145 (10 ref.) IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   70 Keywords: Pneumatosis Cystoides Intestinalis-pathology; Intensive, Small; Adults; Peptic Ulcer Perforation; Abdomen, Acute; Enterocolitis, Necrotizing Abstract: Pneumatosis Intestinalis [PI] is rare in adults although it can be seen in the pediatric population as a complication of necrotizing enter colitis. We report a case of PI affecting the small bowel in a 27-year-old patient who presented with signs and symptoms of acute abdomen due to perforated duodenal ulcer. Histopathologic findings are demonstrated and the pathogenesis is discussed with the objective of highlighting that PI is not a diagnosis but a finding which needs further evaluation and management in view of the underlying etiology. Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated diagnosis Comparison of quantitative bronchoscopic lavage cultures [B-BAL] with blind NG Tube lavage [N-BAL] cultures in the diagnosis ofventilator associated pneumonia [VAP]. Hussain, Salma Muhammad; Abubaker, Jawed; Ali, Muhammad; Noor, Asim; Khurshid, Moazzam; Dildar, Babar; Khan, Safdar G. E-mail:salma.hussain@aku.edu Medical College - Liaquat National Hospital - Department of Pulmonary Medicine JCPSP - Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan 2009; 19 (4): 245-248 (23 ref.) Keywords: Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated-epidemiology; Bronchoalveolar Lavage-methods; Intensive Care Units; Bronchoscopes; Intubation, Gastrointestinal-economics; Sensitivity and Specificity; Cross-Sectional Studies Abstract: To compare quantitative Bronchoscopic Bronchoalveolar Lavage [B-BAL] cultures with blind nasogastric tube bronchoalveolar lavage [N-BAL] cultures in the diagnosis of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia [VAP]. Cross- sectional comparative study. The study was conducted in Medical ICU and Chest ICU at Liaquat National Hospital [LNH], Karachi, from January till August, 2007. Patients admitted in ICU with clinical suspicion of VAP, fulfilling inclusion criteria viz. fever, leukocytosis, new or worsening infiltrate in chest radiograph or purulent secretions were included. Exclusion criteria were deranged coagulopathy, extreme ventilatory and oxygenation demands and tracheal obstruction. All patients had N-BAL using 16 fr Nasogastric tube [NG] without lubrication followed by B-BAL. Samples collected were submitted to the laboratory for quantitative cultures and sensitivities. Results were documented on predesigned proforma. Fifty-four patients underwent paired B-BAL and N-BAL sampling. The N-BAL sensitivity and specificity for N-BAL were 87.87% and 85.71% respectively and p-value was <0.001. N-BAL showed sensitivity of 87.87%, specificity of 75.71%, positive predictive value of 89.65%, negative predictive value of 77.77% and p <0.001, which was statistically significant. Significant differences in time required for sample collection and cost of both procedures were also observed. The results favour the use of blind NG tube bronchoalveolar lavage quantitative cultures as it is simple, safe, cost-effective and minimally invasive method of diagnosing VAP. Pneumothorax surgery The results of thoracoscopic surgery for secondary spontaneous pneumothorax. Ayed, Adel K.; Chandrasekran, Chazian E-mail:adel@hsc.edu.ku Kuwait University - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Surgery KMJ - Kuwait Medical Journal 2009; 41 (2): 108-111 (17 ref.) Keywords: Thoracoscopy; Pulmonary Emphysema; Pleurodesis; Forced Expiratory Volume; Vital Capacity; Treatment Outcome; Prospective Studies; Length of Stay Abstract: To review our experience of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for the treatment of secondary spontaneous pneumothorax caused by bullous emphysema. Prospective study. Chest Diseases Hospital, Kuwait. Forty-six consecutive patients who under went thoraces copy for secondary spontaneous pneumothorax by a single surgeon during a five year period. Video-assisted thoracoscopic bullectomy and pleural symphysis procedure. Resolution of pneumothorax. Mean age of patients was 49.3 years [range: 38 - 70 years], and 44 were men [96%]. All patients had bullous emphysema; their mean preoperative forced expiratory volume in one second [FEV1] was 54.4% of predicted and mean forced vital capacity [FVC], 66.9% of predicted. Persistent pneumothorax was the most frequent indication for surgery, occurring in 35 patients [76%]. The most common method of management was stapling of an identified bulla, which was done in all patients. Pleurodesis was achieved by gauze abrasion [n = 23] and apical pleurectomy [n = 23]. Postoperative prolonged air leak occurred in seven patients [15%], six in the pleural abrasion group and one in the apical pleurectomy group [p = 0.04]. The mean [+/- SD] postoperative hospital stay was 5.7 +/- 4.5 days. Mean follow-up is 42 months [range = 36 - 54 months] for all patients. Pneumothorax recurred in three patients [6.5%] in whom pleural abrasion was done. The recurrences occurred in the first six months of follow-up. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery is a safe procedure in the treatment of select secondary spontaneous pneumothorax caused by bullous emphysema. Apical pleurectomy is a more effective way of producing pleural symphysis. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   71 POEMS Syndrome diagnosis Autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation in a patient with POEMS syndrome. Diaz Betancur, James; Cuervo Sierra, Jorge; Guzman Zapata, Alber; Mondragon Arismendi, Maria Cecilia; Cuellar Ambrosi, Francisco Antioquia University - School of Medicine Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Therapy 2009; 2 (1): 305-307 (17 ref.) Keywords: POEMS Syndrome-therapy; Blood Protein Electrophoresis; Skin Pigmentation; Paraneoplastic Polyneuropathy; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation Polyradiculoneuropathy diagnosis Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy in two children. Al Bloushi, Maliha Askar Soud; Habeeb, Yousif Kassim; Al Jumah, Eman Sadiq E-mail:dr_askar@hotmail.com Mubarak Alkabeer Hospital - Department of Pediatrics KMJ - Kuwait Medical Journal 2009; 41 (2): 156-161 (29 ref.) Keywords: Demyelinating Diseases-diagnosis; Child; Chronic Disease; Gait Disorders, Neurologic; Lordosis; Steroids- therapeutic use; Steroids-administration and dosage; Azathioprine-therapeutic use; Immunosuppressive Agents; Plasma Exchange Abstract: Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy [CIDP] is relatively rare in children. We report two cases diagnosed over a thirteen year period. One patient had a monophasic course resulting in complete recovery while the other case had a slowly progressive relapsing course with significant morbidity. Porphyria, Erythropoietic diagnosis Gunther disease in an infant. Bhat, Yasmeen; Sheikh, Mushtaq; Sheikh, Manzoor; Baba, Asif E-mail:yasmeen_bhat2001@yahoo.com Sher i Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences - Medical College - Department of Dermatology Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Therapy 2009; 2 (1): 308-309 (7 ref.) Keywords: Porphyria, Erythropoietic-genetics; Uroporphyrinogen III Synthetase; Uroporphyrins; Coproporphyrins; Skin Pigmentation; Photosensitivity Disorders; Hypertrichosis; Bone Marrow Examination; Infant Postnatal Care standards A study to assess knowledge, practice and problems of baby health care among postnatal mothers in one of primary health care setting. Karim, Enas T.A. E-mail:enas_yhy@yahoo.com Al Nahrain University - Medical College - Department Community Medicine Journal of the Arab Board of Medical Specializations 2009; 10 (1): 42-48 (9 ref.) Keywords: Quality of Health Care; Breast Feeding-statistics and numerical data; Umbilical Cord; Eye; Jaundice, Neonatal; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Parity; Outcome and Process Assessment [Health Care]; Awareness; Cross-Sectional Studies; Questionnaires; Delivery of Health Care; Primary Health Care Abstract: In many cases there is a lack of knowledge of what is needed for optimal newborn care. This study was undertaken to assess knowledge, practice and problems of postnatal mothers relating to different aspects of baby health care and breastfeeding among group of mothers attending primary health care center in one locality in Baghdad city. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Al-Noor primary health care center [PHCC] during the period from May- August 2006, a sample of 148 mothers were selected randomly [49 primipara and 99 multi para] using a well structured questionnaire form, information related to different aspects of baby care were included in the form. Although the majority of women in the sample had visited the primary health center for antenatal care, their sources of knowledge were from their relatives and friends. A good percentage of them had bad practice regarding the care of umbilical stump and the eyes with 49% of primipara and 53.5% of multi para will use white light at home when their baby get jaundice. When breast feeding was discussed, majority of women showed adequate knowledge and practice. There is an urgent need to assess the actual quality of postnatal care provided to women in the PHC center. Also there is a need for an awareness-raising program highlighting the availability and the quality of current postnatal care. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   72 Postural Balance Effects of visual feedback balance training by using computerised dynamic posturography in patients with multiple sclerosis. Ivanova, Maria Kondeva; Ahmed, Mohieldin M.; Mosalem, Doahoo M.; Al Busairi, Waleed Ahmed Ministry of Health - Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Hospital KMJ - Kuwait Medical Journal 2009; 41 (2): 134-139 (22 ref.) Keywords: Multiple Sclerosis-rehabilitation; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome; Vision, Ocular; Somatosensory Disorders Abstract: To study the effects of the visual feedback balance training on the Berg Balance Scale [BBS] under static and dynamic conditions, the somatosensory, visual and vestibular systems by dynamic posturography before and after training program in patients with multiple sclerosis [MS]. Retrospective case training study. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait. A total of 23 patients with MS were recruited. All patients were evaluated using both the BBS and the sensory organization test [SOT] using computerized dynamic posturography [CDP] before and three months after the training program. The SOT consists of six conditions and composite equilibrium score [CES]. CES [%] and SOT were calculated. Before training, all patients had a reduction of BBSS and parameters of the SOT. After training, a significant increase of BBS [p < 0.05], all parameters of the SOT [p < 0.05] and CES [p < 0.001] were observed. Improvement in all parameters of the SOT after training program could be explained by change in the somatosensory system of the posture control system. Also, there is impairment of the somatosensory system, rather than a specific lesion of vestibular and/or visual systems. Pre-Eclampsia Adiponectin and sex hormone-binding globulin in preeclampsia: Relationship to insulin resistance. Mohammed, Samy H.; El Maghawry, I.; Ibrahim, Magdy M.; Moustafa, A.E. E-mail:Samyla6l@yahoo.com Zagazig University - Faculty of medicine - Medical Biochemistry Department EJB - Egyptian Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology [The] 2009; 27 (1): 47-60 (33 ref.) Keywords: Adiponectin-blood; Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin-blood; Insulin Resistance; Testosterone-blood; Body Mass Index; Gestational Age; Hypertension; Proteinuria Abstract: Preeclampsia [PE] which is characterized by pregnancy-induced hypertension and proteinuria complicates 3-4% of pregnancies and this is a leading cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. The present study was designed to investigate the circulating levels of adiponectin, sex hormone-binding globulin [SHBG], total and free testosterone in preeclamptic women in comparison with normotensive pregnant controls. The aim of this work was extended to study the correlations between these biochemical indices, and the insulin resistance parameters and clinical data. The study included 20 preeclamptic women and 20 normotensive pregnant women as controls. The levels of adiponectin and SHBG were significantly lower while that of total and free testosterone were significantly higher in PE as compared with the levels in normotensive pregnant women. Also the fasting levels of glucose and insulin were significantly higher in PE than normotensive pregnant women. There was a significant negative correlation [p < 0.05] between adiponectin and each of F. insulin, glucose, Homeostatic model assessment [HOMA] index, Body mass index [BMI], systolic and diastolic blood pressure in PE. also, there was a significant negative correlation [P < 0.05] between SHBG and each of F. insulin, F. glucose, HOMA, BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressure in PE. A significant positive correlation [P < 0.05] was found between adiponectin and SHBG in PE. Pregnancy The effect of educating about common changes in pregnancy period and the way to cope with them on marital satisfaction of pregnant women. Mangeli, M.; Ramezani, T.; Mangeli, S. E-mail:mmangel120242@yahoo.com Shahrbabak Islamic Azad University - Department of Nursing IJME - Iranian Journal of Medical Education 2009; 8 (2): 305-313 (38 ref.) Keywords: Education; Awareness; Questionnaires; Personal Satisfaction; Marriage Abstract: Physical and emotional changes during pregnancy, could lead to family arguments and violence which may cause untimely delivery, premature neonate, and post partum depression. This study was performed to determine the effect of educating about common changes of pregnancy period and coping with them on marital satisfaction of pregnant women referring to health centers of Shahrbabak. This quasi-experimental study was performed using one group design, with pre and post tests. Data was gathered by Enriching, Relationship, Issues, Communication and Happiness [ENRICH] question-naire from 112 pregnant women who met the entrance criteria and were selected by random stratified sampling method from three health centers. The intervention was as introducing an educational pamphlet. The marital satisfaction was evaluated before and one month after intervention. Then, the data was analyzed using descriptive statistics indices, Wilcoxon, t-test, Mann Whitney U test, ANOVA, and Kruskal Wallis test. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   73 Comparing the mean scores demonstrated a significant enhancement after receiving information, so that the marital satisfaction score increased from 168.8 +/- 28 into 187.3 +/- 18.2 points. In comparing the mean differences based on variables of gravidity, gestational age, employment status of pregnant woman and her spouse, beauty concerns, and enjoying familial support also a significant difference was observed. The results of this study signify the necessity of couples' awareness about common changes during pregnancy period. Hence, by doing so, health providers can play an active role in increasing marital satisfaction. immunology The immune system in pregnancy: friend or foe? Raghupathy, Raj E-mail:raj@hsc.edu.kw Kuwait University - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Microbiology KMJ - Kuwait Medical Journal 2009; 41 (2): 93-102 (69 ref.) Keywords: Immune System Phenomena; Fetus; Pregnancy Complications; Immunologic Factors; Cytokines- physiology; Abortion, Spontaneous; Abortion, Habitual; Premature Birth; Pre-Eclampsia Abstract: Pregnancy is an intriguing immunological paradox; how does an allogeneic fetus survive despite a potentially antagonistic maternal immune system, while tissue allograft succumb to rapid immunological rejection? While several hypothetical models have been proposed in the last five decades to explain the immunological success of pregnancy, the model that has survived the test of experimentation is the one that proposes a state of immunomodulation during pregnancy. Several factors appear to prevent the rejection of the fetus. Yet, pregnancy can be compromised by a variety of complications such as recurrent spontaneous miscarriage, preeclampsia and preterm delivery. Research in the field of immunology of pregnancy has opened up the possibility of cellular immune effectors that might underlie these pregnancy complications. Particularly interesting are the effects that pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines have on the concept us and thus on the success and failure of pregnancy. This review focuses on the association between some cytokines and successful pregnancy on the one hand, and between other cytokines and complications of pregnancy as also the possible pathways of effect or function of cytokines in pregnancy loss. This review proceeds to discuss the therapeutic redirection of cytokine profiles towards one that is favorable to the success of pregnancy. Premarital Examinations Educational needs in premarital counseling: viewpoints of couples referring to health care centers in Mashhad. Khaleghinejad, K.; Abbaspour, Z.; Afshari, P.; Atari, Y.; Rasekh, A. E-mail:khoosheh7@yahoo.com Neyshabour Azad University IJME - Iranian Journal of Medical Education 2009; 8 (2): 247-253 (17 ref.) Keywords: Needs Assessment; Primary Health Care; Cross-Sectional Studies; Questionnaires; Counseling; Education; Quality of Life Abstract: In recent years, premarital programs are considered important in order to promote the quality of married life. This study was performed to determine the educational needs in premarital stages from the viewpoints of married couples referring to health care centers of Mashhad. This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 223 couples [n = 446] referring to health centers in Mashhad during the years 2006-2007. The data gathering tool was a questionnaire containing 2 forms. The first form included 8 demographic questions and 4 questions related to samples' viewpoints about the way of holding sessions. The second form included 47 questions on 7 areas including fertility, family planning, congenital diseases; prevalent cancer prevention, sexual relationships, relationship with spouse and family, and Islamic and legal issues and 2 open questions were dedicated to other viewpoints of couples. Descriptive statistics and t-test were used for analyzing the data. The need to education in all areas was higher than average in both groups. Comparing the scores in 7 areas showed no significant difference between males and females. The most important need in both groups was concerning the relationship with spouse and family [3.97 +/- 0.067 in females and 3.95 +/- 0.077 in males]. Couples have a tendency for more education in the field of relationship with spouse and family, and are willing to increase the number of educational sessions to 3 or 4. Males and females had felt the need for providing educational programs in the mentioned priorities. Outcome of premarital counseling of hemoglobinopathy carrier couples attending premarital services in Bahrain. Almutawa, Fahima Jaffar; Alqamish, Jehad Radhi Ministry of Health - Primary Health Care Directorate - Maternal and Child Health JBMS - Journal of the Bahrain Medical Society 2009; 21 (1): 217-220 (14 ref.) Keywords: Hemoglobinopathies-epidemiology; Hemoglobinopathies-diagnosis; Counseling; Marriage; Mass Screening; Genetic Counseling; Cross-Sectional Studies; Epidemiology; Anemia, Sickle Cell; Thalassemia; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Abstract: Premarital screening was introduced in 1993 as an optional service. Evaluation of 10 years statistics in 2003, showed only 25% attendance. Therefore, a Royal decree of compulsory testing before issuing marriage health certificate was introduced in 2005 in order to improve attendance aiming to decrease the prevalence of hereditary blood diseases. To determine the frequency of marriage among couples referred for hereditary blood diseases genetic IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   74 counselling. A cross sectional study involving 1070 individuals attending premarital screening in Bahrain during the period of 1st April and 15[th] May 2006. The frequency of sickle cell disease [SCD]; 14[1.3%], sickle cell trait [SCT]; 175[16.4%], 22 couples were both SCT. The frequency of G6PD was 268[24%]. One candidate [0.09%] was [beta thalassemia major, 30[2.8%] beta thalassemia trait, 3 couples were carriers. 365[34%] individuals with low RBC indices indicating possible alpha-thalassemia including 5 couples. Thirty couples [60 individuals] were referred for genetic counseling with a mean age of 25.7 years. 17 couples [56.7%] got married in spite of counseling. Based on this study; the current policy of premarital screening and counseling do not seem to be successful in discouraging most of the couples with high-risk for hereditary blood diseases from getting married. Problem-Based Learning Evaluation of problem based learning by tutors and students in a medical faculty of Turkey. Gurpinar, Erol; Senol, Yesim; Aktekin, Mehmet R. E-mail:erolgurpinar@akdeniz.edu.tr Akdeniz University - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Medical Education KMJ - Kuwait Medical Journal 2009; 41 (2): 123-127 (21 ref.) Keywords: Students, Medical; Faculty, Medical; Education, Medical; Questionnaires; Cross-Sectional Studies Abstract: To determine the opinion of tutors and students in charge of problem-based learning [PBL] courses during the academic year of 2006-2007 about the extent of contribution of PBL to certain skills in comparison with conventional education and to clarify whether or not they are content with PBL. Cross sectional research. Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey. One hundred and fifty three tutorsin charge of PBL courses during the academic year of 2006-2007 and all of the first year medical students [n=170] were included. A questionnaire was sent to the study population in June 2007. Analysis of completed questionnaire. Independent sample t-test analysis was used to determine whether mean scores were different in two groups. Majority of the tutors [87.5%] and students [97.1%] responded to the questionnaire. The question’s PBL an application that is in general beneficial to the student?" was answered as "yes" by 66.9% of the tutors. The question "Are you content with PBL?" was answered as "yes" by 54.9% of the tutors. On the other hand, 74.5% of the students answered "yes" to this second question. Our results show that PBL is well received by tutors and students and they think that PBL offers significant contribution to the students in areas that are considered to be superior aspects of PBL when compared to conventional education. performing their education programs completely basedon PBL. Propofol pharmacology Oxidant and antioxidant activities of different anesthetic techniques. Propofol versus desflurane. Ceylan, Berit G.; Yilmaz, Funda; Eroglu, Fusun; Yavuz, Lutfi; Gulmen Senol; Vural, Huseyin E-mail:beritceylan@hotmail.com University of Suleyman Demirel - Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation Saudi Medical Journal 2009; 30 (3): 371-376 (19 ref.) Keywords: Propofol-adminstration and dosage; Isoflurane-analogs and derivatives; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Antioxidants; Malondialdehyde-blood; Tocopherols-blood; Glutathione Peroxidase-blood; Superoxide Dismutase-blood; Oxidative Stress Abstract: To investigate the correlation between propofol and desflurane in terms of lipidperoxidation and antioxidant activity and to search the possible antioxidant anesthesia technique. The study was performed in the Department of Anesthesia and Reanimation, Medical Faculty, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey, between January 2006 and July 2006. Thirty, ASAI-II patients, with an age range of 19-55 years, undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia were randomized to receive either propofol infusion [Group P] or desflurane inhalation [Group D] following standard induction. Malondialdehyde [MDA], glutathione peroxidase [GSH], super oxide dismutase [SOD] and alpha- tocopherol [Vitamin E] were measured preoperatively, at peroperatively first hour and postoperatively 12-hour. Malondialdehyde was found lower peroperatively in Group P compared to Group D [p < 0.05]. In Group D, Vitamin E levels were decreased significantly peroperatively compared to preoperative period [p = 0.001]. We observed asystemic oxidative stress increment with desflurane by terms of MDA; a lipid peroxidation product and endogenous antioxidant activity suppression by terms of Vitamin E at only peroperative period. This study may be defined to support the fact that free oxygen radicals were released more by desflurane than propofol. Prostate-Specific Antigen blood Detection of serum prostate specific antigen in lactating, pregnant, and advanced breast cancer Sudanese women. Ahmed, Mohammed El Imam M.; Omran, Mustafa; Mohd, Elgaili; Elhassan, Elhassan Mohamed; Abu Idris, Dafalla Omer; Khalid, Khalid Eltahir; Miskeen, Elhadi University of Gezira - Faculty of Medicine Sudan Journal of Medical Sciences 2009; 4 (2): 163-166 (30 ref.) Keywords: Breast Neoplasms-diagnosis; Pregnancy; Lactation; Women; Tumor Markers, Biological; Radioimmunoassay IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   75 Abstract: Although prostate-specific antigen [PSA] is the most valuable tumor marker for the diagnosis and management of prostate carcinoma, it is widely accepted that PSA is not prostate specific. The aim of this study is to address the possibility of using the PSA as marker for the sex assignment in different categories and relevance of this test in women problems. We have evaluated the measurement of serum total PSA for differentiation between Sudanese women with advanced breast cancer [n= 10], and those lactating [n=10], pregnant [n= 10] compared with 20 healthy women as control group. Serum total PSA [TPSA] was measured using immuno-radiometric assay [IRMA]. In this study the mean age was significantly higher in advanced breast cancer groups compared with lactating group [P < 0.01]. The mean serum PSA levels in the healthy control women examined [n=20] was 0.72 +/- 0.55 vs. 1.18 +/- 0.92, 1.42 +/- 2.43 and 0.51 +/- 0.13 ng/ml in serum from advanced breast cancer [n=10], pregnant [n=10] and lactating women [n=10] respectively. A significant high level of total PSA in serum of advanced breast cancer compared with the normal group [P< 0.05]. These results indicated the possible use of total PSA to distinguish between healthy women and/or women with advanced breast cancer. Psychiatric Status Rating Scales The Farsi version of the strength and difficulties questionnaire self-report form: the normative data and scale properties. Alavi, A.; Mohammadi, M.R.; Mahmoudi, J.; Tehranidoost, M.; Shahrivar, Z.; Saadat, S. E-mail:a_alavi@razi.tums.ac.ir Tehran University of Medical Sciences - Roozbeh hospital - Department of child and adolescent psychiatry IJCN - Iranian Journal of Child Neurology 2009; 3 (1): 27-34 (23 ref.) Keywords: Adolescent Psychiatry; Mass Screening; Questionnaires; Adolescent Abstract: This study was performed to evaluate the normative data and psychometric properties and the internal consistency of the Farsi [Persian] version of the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire [SDQ] self-report form, as a screening tool in a community-based sample of 12 to 17 year-old adolescents of urban Tehran. In this investigation, 1105 adolescents [12 to 17 years old], selected from 250 clusters from all the 22 municipality areas of Tehran, responded to 25 questions of the Farsi version SDQ self-report form. The frequency of each symptom domains according to Goodman's cutoff points and 90th percentile and the mean score in each subscale were determined. The 90th percentile cutoff points were some what different from those of the previous reports. Using Goodman's cutoff points, the prevalence of symptom domains was relatively high. For example, 13.7 percent of the adolescents studied had total scores equal to 20 or more. There were significant correlations between different subscales and their constituting questions. Self-report form of SDQ is a valuable tool in the screening of adolescent psychopathologies. Frequency of majority of the symptom domains seems to be higher in the adolescents in Tehran urban areas. Public Health Application of geographical sciences and technologies to investigate health problems in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Rezaeian, M. E-mail:moeygmr2@yahoo.co.uk Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences - School of Medicine - Department of Social Medicine EMHJ - Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2009; 15 (6): 1564-1569 (31 ref.) Keywords: Epidemiology; Geographic Information Systems; Demography Abstract: Recent developments in the geographical sciences and technologies, namely geographical epidemiology, geographical information systems, global positioning systems and spatial data analysis brings about a unique opportunity to investigate the role of "place" in human health in a scientific manner. The aim of the present communication is to open a discussion about the application of these advances to study the geography of public health problems within the Eastern Mediterranean Region of the World Health Organization. Pulmonary Artery abnormalities Anatomical variations of pulmonary artery and associated cardiac defects in tetralogy of Fallot. Saeed, Sadia; Hyder, Syed Najam; Sadiq, Masood E-mail:s-saaadia@yahoo.com The Children's Hospital and Institute of Child Health - Department of Paediatric Cardiology JCPSP - Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan 2009; 19 (4): 211-214 (21 ref.) Keywords: Heart Defects, Congenital-diagnosis; Tetralogy of Fallot-diagnosis; Tetralogy of Fallot-epidemiology; Heart Catheterization; Echocardiography; Cross-Sectional Studies; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular Abstract: To determine pulmonary artery variations and other associated cardiac defects inpatients with Tetralogy of Fallot [TOF]. Cross-sectional, descriptive study. The Children’s Hospital and the Institute of Child Health, Lahore, from April 2006 to October 2007. All patients with TOF, who underwent cardiac catheterization during this period, were included. Standardcine-angiograms were recorded and pulmonary artery sizing was done using z-scoring. A total of 216 patients with TOF were catheterized. Pulmonary Artery [PA] abnormalities were present in 84[38.9%] patients. The commonest abnormality was isolated Left Pulmonary Artery [LPA] stenosis [n=27, 32.14%] followed by isolated hypoplasia of Main Pulmonary Artery [MPA] [n=18, 21.43%] and supra-valvular stenosis in [n=11, 13.1%] patients. LPA IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   76 was absent in one patient, while 2patients had both absent right and left PA with segmental branch pulmonary arteries originating directly from MPA. Associated cardiac lesions included right aortic arch in 34 [15%], additional muscular VSD vary in 13 [5.5%], Patent Ductus Arteriosus [PDA] in 11 [6%] and Major Aortopulmonary Collateral Arteries [MAPCA] in 2 [1.9%] patients. Significant coronary arteryabnormality was present in 10 [4.6%] children. Pulmonary artery abnormalities were present in 38.9% of patients with TOF. Isolated LPA origin stenosis and MPA hypoplasia were the mostcommon abnormalities. Significant associated cardiac lesions were present in one-third of the patients and included PDA, additional muscular VSD, coronary artery abnormalities and MAPCA. Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive genetics Genetic polymorphism of glutatfflone-s- transferase and susceptibility to and severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Hemimi, Neveen Salah Eldin; Al Attar, May Mahmoud; Abdel Wahab, Mahmoud A. E-mail:neveen59@yahoo.com Ain Shams University - Faculty of Medicine - Biochemistry Department EJB - Egyptian Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology [The] 2009; 27 (1): 1117-128 (38 ref.) Keywords: Glutathione Transferase-blood; Polymorphism; Smoking; Genotype; Respiratory Function Tests; Risk Factors; Polymerase Chain Reaction Abstract: Chronic tobacco smoking is a major risk factor in the development of COPD. However, itis estimated that only 10-20% of chronic heavy smokers will develop symptomatic COPD. This indicates the possible contribution of environmental or genetic cofactors to the development of COPD in smokers. The present work aimed to study the relationship between GST polymorphism and susceptibility to and severity of COPD in smokers. A case control study was done on 140 patients with COPD and 140 matched controls. All subjects were smokers or exsmokers. The GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes were identified by polymerase chain reaction in peripheral blood DNA samples. Analysis of data was done by IBM computer using SPSS program. Results shown that the proportion of GSTMl-null genotypes was significantly higher in patients with COPD than incontrol subjects [62.2% versus 32.2%]. The odds ratio was 3.5 [95% confidence interval [CI] =2.1-5.7]. Moreover the patients with GSTM1 null genotype were at high risk of developing thesevere type of COPD. The odds ratio was 3.2 and [95% CI = 1.5-6.7]. However the genotype frequencies of GSTTl-null genotype did not show significant difference between groups. Our data provide evidence that smokers with null genotype of GSTM1 were more susceptible to develop the severe type of COPD. Purpura physiopathology Immune-pathophysiology and -therapy of childhood purpura. Elhabashy, Safinaz A. Ain Shams University - Department of Pediatrics Egyptian Journal of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology [The] 2009; 7 (1): 3-13 (64 ref.) Keywords: Purpura-immunology; Purpura-etiology; Child; Signs and Symptoms; Thrombocytopenia; Blood Platelets; Blood Coagulation Factors; Blood Vessels; Thrombasthenia; Prothrombin Time; Partial Thromboplastin Time Radial Artery ultrasonography Ultrasound guided versus conventional radial artery cannulation. El Maadawy, Maged Mohamed Pain Relief El.Sahel Teaching Hospital General Organization of Teaching Hospitals and Institutes – Fellow of Anesthesia, Intensive Care - Pain Relief Department of Anesthesia New Egyptian Journal of Medicine [The] 2009; 40 (1): 72-74 (5 ref.) Keywords: Catheterization-methods; Catheterization-ultrasonography; Catheterization-complications Abstract: This research was designed to study the values of ultrasound guidance in radial artery cannulation in comparison to conventional technique. Two groups of patients each is twenty cases for whom radial artery cannulation was indicated, first group [A] the artery were cannulated using the ultrasound guidance , and the second group [B] the radial artery was cannulated by the conventional technique. Both groups were studied regarding duration of cannulation success rate, incidence of complications. The ultrasound guided radial artery cannulation technique showed more short duration, high success rate lower incidence of complications in comparison to the conventional technique of cannulation. It was concluded that the ultrasound guided technique is highly valuable in annulations of radial artery. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   77 Referral and Consultation Criteria for a good referral system for psychiatric patients: the view from Saudi Arabia. Qureshi, N.A. ; van der Molen, H.T.; Schmidt, H.G.; Al Habeeb, T.A.; Magzoub, M.E.M. E-mail:qureshinaseem@live.com Ministry of Health - Administration for Mental Health and Social Services - Research Unit EMHJ - Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2009; 15 (6): 1580-1595 (85 ref.) Keywords: Ethics Consultation; Mental Disorders; Psychiatry; Quality Indicators, Health Care; Primary Health Care Abstract: The development and implementation of quality referral systems reflects sound national health planning. This review appraised the data on referral systems, in particular psychiatric referrals, with special reference to Saudi Arabia. A computer search was made of relevant literature in the past 2 decades. The rate and process of referring patients through referral letters varies globally across practice settings and is initiated by an array of factors linked with health consumers, health providers and delivery systems. Referral systems, including consultation-liaison services, are an essential component of any health care organization for offering a complete range of good quality, specialized health services. Renal Dialysis adverse effects Changes in serum calcium, phosphate, albumin and parathyroid hormone before and after hemodialysis in Sudanese patients withend-stage renal failure. Mohamed, Aida Ali Ahmed; Ahmed, Mohamed El Imam; Elamin, Anwaar Ali; El Sabiq, M.; Khalid, Khalid Eltahir; Mohmadani, Ahmed Abdallah; Mohamed, El Gaili; Miskeen, Elhadi E-mail:mohammedimam@hotmail.com University of Gezira - Deputy Dean Faculty of Medicine - Urologist, TX Surgeon Journal of the Arab Board of Medical Specializations 2009; 10 (1): 23-27 (18 ref.) Keywords: Calcium-blood; Phosphates-blood; Parathyroid Hormone-blood; Urea-blood; Creatinine-blood; Albumins; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Cross-Sectional Studies Abstract: To determine the concentrations of serum parathyroid hormone [PTH] and bone minerals and their association before and after hemodialysis. A cross sectional study was done on patients with end-stage renal disease [ESRD] on treatment with maintenance hemodialysis [HD]. Levels of serum calcium, phosphate, urea, creatinine, albumin, and intact parathormone [iPTH] were measured. The total number of patients studied was 50 [40 males; 10 females], the mean age was 40.3 +/- 26.5 years, and the average duration on hemodialysis [HD] was 53 months. Serum PTH level was significantly lower after hemodialysis treatment; it was 945.8 +/- 995.9 pg/ml and 781.7 +/- 928.1 pg/ml before and after HD respectively, but still over the normal range. Serum phosphate concentration was remarkably differ before and after HD [5.59 +/- 1.8 mg/ml vs 4.38 +/- 1.2 mg/ml respectively]. In contrast, the mean value of serum calcium concentration was changed significantly after HD [6.7 +/- 1.5 mg/dl] compared with the level before HD [5.6 +/- 6.7 mg/dl]. PTH correlated positively with phosphate [r=0.30, p=0.03], and negatively with calcium [r=-0.299, p=0.04] levels. A significant decrease in serum urea and creatinine levels was reported after HD. Serum albumin showed no significant difference before and after HD. PTH was remarkably decreased post dialysis in our patients with definite increased serum Ca[+]. There is no significant difference between PTH and patient's age, sex and duration in HD Sudanese patients. Respiratory Paralysis etiology Diacetylmorphine [heroin] body packer presenting with respiratory arrest. Naseem, Arshad; Abbas, Shahid E-mail:an91104@yahoo.co.in Military Hospital - Department of Pulmonology JCPSP - Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan 2009; 19 (4): 262-263 (10 ref.) Keywords: Respiratory Paralysis-diagnosis; Respiratory Paralysis-therapy; Heroin-poisoning; Naloxone-therapeutic use; Ultrasonography; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Radiography, Abdominal Abstract: Intracorporeal concealment of illicit drugs known as 'body packing' is uncommonly reported. A body packer with swallowed capsules containing Diacetylmorphine [heroin] for smuggling purposes presented with respiratory arrest and recovered after ventilatory support and nalaxone infusion. Role Playing The effect of teaching by role playing on students' counseling and screening skills toward IUD clients. Erfanian, F.; Khadivzadeh, T.; Khadem, N.; Khajedelooie, M. E-mail:fatierfanian@yahoo.com Mashhad University of Medical Sciences - School of Nursing and Midwifery - Department of Midwifery IJME - Iranian Journal of Medical Education 2009; 8 (2): 275-284 (36 ref.) IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   78 Keywords: Teaching; Students; Intrauterine Devices; Midwifery; Counseling Abstract: One of the most important barriers for using IUD [Intra Uterine Device] is inadequate provision of appropriate counseling. Since, employing new training methods is necessary for enhancing midwives' roles in providing appropriate counseling, this study was performed to compare the effect of two methods of traditional training and role playing on students' skills in counseling. In this experimental study, 62 midwifery students were randomly allocated in role-playing and traditional training groups to participate in a 4 hour workshop about counseling skills for IUD clients. Before and after the workshop students' skills in counseling were assessed. The data gathering tools included a self evaluation form and evaluation checklists for assessing students' performance in counseling before and after IUD insertion. Comparisons were made using Chi square, Fisher exact text, t-student, Man-Whitney, paired t-test, and Wilcox on by SPSS software. Results: The mean of students' score in counseling before and after IUD insertion wasnot different between the two groups in pretest, but the post-tests of the 2 groups in both skills were significantly different. There was a significant difference between pretest and posttest scores in both groups regarding the two skills. Teaching by role playing leads to a better learning of counseling skills. Employing this educational method is recommended for training counseling skills to students. Root Canal Therapy Proven strategies to improve endodontic success and promote natural tooth retention. Mounce, Richard E. E-mail:Lineker@comcast.net Smile Dental Journal 2009; 4 (1): 16-20 (29 ref.) Keywords: Root Canal Obturation; Irrigation; Treatment Outcome Abstract: A series of clinically relevant steps to enhance the clinical success of endodontic therapy is presented. Emphasis has been placed on use of the surgical operating microscope, straight line access, patency, copious irrigation, frequent recapitulation, passive rotary nickel titanium file use, bonded obturation and placement of an early coronal seal. Safety Management Benchmarking of World Health Organization surgical safety checklist. Messahel, Farouk M.; Al Qahtani, Ali S. E-mail:fmamessahel@doctors.org.uk Armed Forces Hospital - Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Saudi Medical Journal 2009; 30 (3): 422-425 (13 ref.) Keywords: Surgical Procedures, Operative-standards; Benchmarking; World Health Organization Abstract: To compare the quality of our services with the World Health Organization [WHO] surgical safety recommendations as a reference, to improve our services if they fall short of that of the WHO, and to publish our additional standards, so that they may be included in future revision of WHO checklist. We conducted this study on 15th July 2008 at the Armed Forces Hospital, Wadi Al-Dawasir, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. We compared each WHO safety standard item with its corresponding standard in our checklist. There were 4 possibilities for the comparison: that our performance meet, was less than or exceeded the quality-of-care measures in the WHO checklist, or that there are additional safety measures in either checklist that need to be considered by each party. Since its introduction in 1997, our checklist was applied to 11828 patients and resulted in error-free outcomes. Bench marking proved that our surgical safety performance does not only match the standards of the WHO surgical safety checklist, but also exceeds it in other safety areas [for example measures to prevent Perioperative hypothermia and venous thromboembolism]. Benchmarking is a continuous quality improvement process aimed at providing the best available at the time in healthcare, and we recommend its adoption by health care providers. The WHO surgical safety checklist is a bold step in the right direction towards safer surgical outcomes. Feedback from other medical establishments should be encouraged. Salvia chemistry Review of the pharmacological and toxicological effects of Salvia leriifolia. Hosseinzadeh, Hossein; Sadeghnia, Hamid Reza; Imenshahidi, Mohsen; Bazzaz, Bibi Sedigheh Fazly E-mail:hosseinzadehh@mums.ac.ir Mashhad University of Medical Sciences - Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Pharmacy -Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences 2009; 12 (1): 1-8 (33 ref.) Keywords: Salvia-toxicity; Herbal Medicine; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Anticonvulsants; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antimutagenic Agents; Hypoglycemic Agents Abstract: Salvia leriifolia Benth. [vernacular names such as Nuruozak and Jobleh] is a perennial herbaceous plant that grows exclusively in south and tropical regions of Khorasan and Semnan provinces, I. R. Iran. Unlike other species of Salvia genus, the chemical constituents of S. leriifolia are not well recognized. The stem oil of the plant consisted mainly both monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, while in leaf and flower oils monoterpenes predominated over IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   79 sesquiterpenes. In recent years, the different properties of this plant such as the attenuation of morphine dependence, hypoglycemic, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiischemia, anticonvulsant, antiulcer effects, antibacterial activities and antimutagenic effects were evaluated. These effects introduce this plant for more toxicological and clinical trials evaluations as a herbal medicine. School Admission Criteria [The association between interview and written exam in graduate student admission of medical education and rehabilitation management] Dehnavi, A. Mehri E-mail:mehri@med.mui.ac.ir Isfahan University of Medical Sciences - School of Medicine - Department of Physics and Medical Engineering IJME - Iranian Journal of Medical Education 2009; 8 (2): 315-322 (12 ref.) Keywords: Interviews as Topic; Education, Medical; Students, Medical Abstract: In 2007 and the years before, the Ministry of Health and Medical Education invited MS volunteers in different disciplines such as rehabilitation management and medical education for interview in addition to written exam. This study tried to determine the role of interview in students' admission in medical education and rehabilitation management during the years 2006 and 2007 and also the association between interview and written exam. In this study, the scores of interview, written exam, total exam, and written exam materials were extracted separately. Then, statistical parameters such as mean, standard deviation, and correlation between scores were calculated by MINITAB- 15 software. It was tried to investigate the medical education and rehabilitation management examination results using correlation coefficient and frequency distribution. This study also investigated the association between interview and written exam and their role in students' admission. The correlation coefficient between interview and written exam scores in medical education examinations was higher than the ones for rehabilitations management which demonstrates a closer linear correlation between interview score and written exam score in medical education examination. Correlation coefficient and frequency distribution in rehabilitation management examination, showed no logical relation-ship between interview and written exam scores. Considering non-equivalent changes appeared in medical education and rehabilitation management examinations, we can learn about lack of coordination in interviews of different groups. Therefore, it seems that it is better to change the interviews more toward structural, multi-aspect, and individual instead of accumulative and qualitative. Schools, Medical Use of OSCE in undergraduate assessment of psychiatry at the college of medicine and medical sciences- Arabian Gulf university, Bahrain. Al Haddad, M.K. Arabian Gulf University - College of Medicine and Medical Sciences - Department of Psychiatry JBMS - Journal of the Bahrain Medical Society 2009; 21 (1): 221-222 (8 ref.) Keywords: Education, Medical, Undergraduate; Psychiatry; Educational Measurement Abstract: The college of Medicine and Medical Sciences [CMMS] at the Arabian Gulf University [AGU] is amongst the first Medical Schools in the Arab World to implement OSCE in Undergraduate assessment of Psychiatry. Despite the matured implementation of OSCE, as a valuable assessment tool, in other medical fields it remains a novelty in terms of its application in Psychiatry. This paper provides a description of assessment methods at CMMS with particular emphasis on the use of OSCE, its content, examination structure, and learning outcomes and conclusions derived from implementation and application of the program. Overarching results indicate that OSCE is a valid and fair test of the immediately relevant abilities relevant to their future careers within the medical field of pratice. Self Mutilation Male genital self-mutilation with special emphasis on the sociocultural meanings. Qureshi, Naseem A. E-mail:qureshinaseem@live.com Ministry of Health - Psychiatrist and Head of Research Unit Neurosciences 2009; 14 (2): 178-181 (15 ref.) Keywords: Genitalia, Male; Psychotic Disorders; Culture; Psychotherapy Abstract: Complete genital self-mutilation [GSM], mostly a non-suicidal behavior, is a rare occurrence among patients with psychotic and non-psychotic disorders. This case report is on a patient who, in the shadow of severe psychotic manifestations with overwhelming socio-cultural contents, completely self-mutilated his external genitals. Emergency surgical and psychiatric management improved his condition over 4 weeks. In the light of this case, the psychodynamic and socio-cultural meanings of GSM are discussed. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   80 Seminoma diagnosis Giant intra-abdominal seminoma. Nader, Albsoul M.; Moaath, Alsmady M.; Jamal, Almasad K.; Mujalliy, Murshidi M. E-mail:albsoul@yahoo.com Jordan University Hospital - Department of General Surgery and Urology Saudi Medical Journal 2009; 30 (3): 441-442 (5 ref.) Keywords: Seminoma-pathology; Seminoma-therapy; Cryptorchidism-complications; Cryptorchidism-epidemiology; Abdominal Pain; Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human; Biopsy, Fine-Needle; Tomography, X-Ray Computed Spermatic Cord Torsion surgery Perinatal testicular torsion: some facts and figures. Kashif, Muhamad; Riazul Haq, Muhamad; Hussain, Naweed Nishtar Hospital - Paediatric Surgery Medical Forum Monthly 2009; 20 (1): 28-31 (18 ref.) Keywords: Spermatic Cord Torsion-diagnosis; Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities; Orchiectomy; Surgical Procedures, Operative; Treatment Outcome; Retrospective Studies; Infant, Newborn Abstract: Perinatal testicular torsion is a different entity from testicular torsion in the general paediatric population. Delay in management may result in testicular loss and grave consequences like anorchia. To determine the effectiveness of immediate surgical exploration in salvaging perinatal testicular torsion. A retrospective analysis was carried out between July 2003 to June 2008 on 11 surgically proved neonates with testicular torsion. All neonates underwent immediate surgical exploration irrespective of duration of symptoms. If a nonviable testis was determined intraoperatively, it was removed, otherwise detorsion and orchiopexy was done and at the same time contralateral orchiopexy was performed. Eleven patients underwent immediate surgical exploration. In 4 [36%], testis could be salvaged. In these patients duration of symptoms was less than 12 hours. Seven [64%] underwent orchiectomy due to trank necrosis, later on proved by histopathology. Neonates younger than 30 days of age presenting with clinical findings suggestive of extravaginal testicular torsion who are expeditiously explored surgically may have a high salvage rate. Time should not be wasted in undue investigations. Urgent bilateral exploration is strongly advised in all newborns presenting with either unilateral or bilateral torsion. Such policy carries diagnostic, potential therapeutic and prognostic implications. Spinal Cord Injuries blood Evaluation of blood and serum markers in spinal cord injured patients with pressure sores. Gurcay, Eda; Bal, Ajda; Gurcay, Ahmet G.; Cakci, Aytul E-mail:dredagurcay@gmail.com Ministry of Health - Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital - Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Saudi Medical Journal 2009; 30 (3): 413-417 (30 ref.) Keywords: Biological Markers-blood; Pressure Ulcer-epidemiology; Blood Sedimentation; Hematocrit; Leukocyte Count; Erythrocyte Count; C-Reactive Protein; Iron-blood; Ferritins-blood; Albumins; Vitamin B12; Zinc; Cross- Sectional Studies Abstract: To evaluate blood and serum markers in traumatic spinal cord injured [SCI] patients, with and without pressure sores. This cross-sectional study was performed at the Ministry of Health Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit, and Numune Education and Research Hospitals, Ankara, Turkey, from 2006-2008. A total of 23 SCI patients with pressure sores [group I] and a control group of 25SCI patients without pressure sores [group II] were evaluated. Characteristics of sores were examined with respect to duration, location, grade, tissue types, surface area, and exudateamount. Recorded laboratory parameters included erythrocyte sedimentation rates [ESR], C-reactive protein [CRP], hemoglobin [Hb], hematocrit [Htc], lymphocytes, white blood cells [WBC], red blood cells [RBC], serum iron, transferrin, total iron- binding capacity [TIBC], ferritin, total protein, albumin, vitamin B12, and zinc. The most common pressure sore location was the sacrum [38%]. Compared to the control group, the patients with pressure sores showed anemia with reduced serum iron, transferrin, TIBC, and increased ferritin. They also had increased ESR, CRP, and WBC and reduced lymphocytes, total protein, albumin and zinc. Statistically significant correlations were found between CRP, Hb, Htc, lymphocytes, RBC, WBC, and serum proteinlevels, and grade of pressure sores. Clinicians should regularly screen patients with respect to blood and serum markers, in order to determine any risks for pressure sores, and they should perform immediate preventive measures based on the patient's condition. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   81 complications Evaluation of the results of cervical spine and spinal Cord trauma in children. Bahadorkhan, G.R.; Samini, F.; Ehsaei, M.R. E-mail:bahadorkhangh@mums.ac.ir Mashhad University of Medical Sciences - Emdadi Hospital Neurotrauma Center - Department of Neurosurgery IJCN - Iranian Journal of Child Neurology 2009; 3 (1): 49-56 (25 ref.) Keywords: Spinal Cord Injuries-radiography; Spinal Cord Injuries-etiology; Spinal Cord Injuries-surgery; Cervical Vertebrae-injuries; Age Factors; Accidents, Traffic-statistics and numerical data; Mortality; Child; Retrospective Studies Abstract: Major differences exist in the anatomy and biomechanics of the growing spine that causes failure patterns different from those in adults. Spinal injury in the pediatric patient is a main concern because timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment can prevent further neurologic damage and deformity and potentiate recovery. We conducted a retrospective clinical study of 137 cases [93 boys, 44 girls] of pediatric cervical spine injuries, managed over fifteen years, to present data from a large series of pediatric patients with cervical spine injuries from a single regional trauma center. The aim was to assess and analyze complications, etiology, pathogenesis, site of injuries and age difference of cervical spine and spinal cord injury in a pediatric age group and compare the findings with current literature. One hundred and thirty seven children with cervical spine injuries, seen over twelve years, were divided into two age groups: 54 patients were in group one [0-9 years] and 83 patients were in group two [10-17 years]. We managed them according to status at presentation and type of injury. Forty seven patients were managed surgically and ninety non surgically [52 wore a halo brace and 38 wore different hard collars and braces]. T-test and Chi-squares were used to analyze differences between groups. The most common cause of injury was motor vehicle accidents [MVA]. Our younger patients [Group 1] had sustained more neurological injuries than the older ones [Group 2], 77% vs. 48%; upper cervical spine was the most common site involved in 76%, while 43% suffered head injuries. In group two, 88% of children two sustained fractures or fracture/ subluxations; also in this group, subluxation, and fracture/ subluxation was present in 10 and 25% of children respectively. The most common radiological findings were vertebral fracutes [38%]. Solid fusions were demonstrated in all patients at late follow-up review[mean 6 years]. None of the children developed neurological deterioration; however 18% mortality was documented. Various fusion techniques were used and neurological and fusion out comes improved as compared with the previous reports. Outcomes of cervical spine injuries in children are more positive than in adults, particularly in patients with in complete injuries. The prognosis for children with complete spinal cord injuries, however, is still discouraging. Upper cervical spine injuries are more common between birth and 9 years of age; however fractures and fracture/subluxation are rare in this group. Surgical intervention with appropriate instrumentation and fusion are very effective in children with cervical spine instability. Splenosis diagnosis Intrahepatic splenosis mimicking hepatocellular carcinoma in a cirrhotic liver. Kashgari, Amna A.; Al Mana, Hadeel M.; Al Kadhi, Yusuf A. E-mail:Kashgari_amna@hotmail com King Abdulaziz Medical City - Department of Medical Imaging Saudi Medical Journal 2009; 30 (3): 429-432 (14 ref.) Keywords: Splenosis-radiography; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Liver Cirrhosis-complications; Ultrasonography; Splenectomy-adverse effects; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Biopsy, Needle; Liver Neoplasms Abstract: We report a patient who has a cirrhotic liver secondary to hepatitis C virus infection with a liver lesion incidentally found on routine liver ultrasound. The patient had a history of Splenectomy 30 years earlier. The magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] characteristics suggested the diagnosis of intrahepatic splenosis, which is confirmed by core needle biopsy. Knowledge of these imaging findings makes this entity important to be considered in the differential diagnosis of a hepatic tumor in the presence of a history of Splenic trauma or surgery. Staphylococcal Vaccines chemical synthesis Construction of a new fusion protein vector associated to fibronectin binding protein A and clumping factor A derived from Staphylococcusaureus NCTC 8325. Faghri, J.; Bagheri, Kamran Pooshang; Zadeh, Delavar Shahbaz; Yazdani, Rahmatolah; Sadeghi, Hamid Mirmohammad; Moghim, Sharareh E-mail:faghri@med.mui.ac.if Isfahan University of Medical Sciences - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Bacteriology and Virology Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences 2009; 12 (1): 18-24 (37 ref.) Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus-pathogenicity; Coagulase; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Taq Polymerase; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Community-Acquired Infections; Cross Infection; Fibronectins; Staphylococcal Protein A Abstract: Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of many nosocomial and community acquired infections. According to many reports, antibiotic therapy cannot guarantee the eradication of S.aureus infections. Thus designing an adhesin based vaccine could restrain the S. aureusinfections. This study designed for construction of a new fusion protein vaccine against S.aureus infections based on adhesin molecules fibronectin binding protein A [FnBPA] and clumping factor A[ClfA]. Bioinformatic experiments were performed using Oligo analyzer and DNAMAN soft-wares. The IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   82 fragments corresponding to fnbA binding domain and a C-terminal fragment from clfA were amplified from S. aureus NCTC8325 genomic DNA. Purified PCR products and the vector, pET15b, were digested with NcoI and BamHI. The digested PCR products were hybridized together and then ligated to digested vector. Finally incomplete construct was assembled by Taq DNA polymerase. To quick confirmation of cloning procedure the new construct designated of fnbA- clfA was digested with NcoI and BamHI. To further verification, the product was sent for sequencing. The data based on bioinformatics analysis showed no homology between fusion protein and human proteins. Digestion of new vector with NcoI and BamHI confirmed the ligation of fusion protein sequence into pET15b. Sequencing results verified the integrity of target sequences. This study is the first effort to construct a new fusion protein vector based on S. aureus adhesions using a new design. This project is being continued to study the expression and biological activity of the fusion protein in a cell culture model. Stomach Neoplasms diagnosis Gastric cancer in Khartoum; presentation and management. Elmahi, Self I.M.; Elsamani, Mohamed El.; Ahmed, Mohamed E. University of Khartoum - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Surgery Journal of the Arab Board of Medical Specializations 2009; 10 (1): 54-59 (20 ref.) Keywords: Stomach Neoplasms-pathology; Stomach Neoplasms-surgery; Mortality; Patient Satisfaction; Treatment Outcome; Lymph Nodes; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; Survival Rate; Prospective Studies; Disease Management Abstract: Gastric cancer is a dreadful killer worldwide. There is enormous variation in the occurrence of the disease throughout the world. Only scarce data is available about the features and the prognosis of the disease in Africa. This study was conducted to determine clinic pathological characteristics, and the treatment outcome of patients with gastric malignancy in Sudan. A prospective descriptive study of 105 patients presented with gastric cancer over 2 year period in a general surgical unit in Khartoum Teaching Hospital [KTH]. The mean age at presentation was 57 years [range 23- 78 years], and most of patients were males [80%]. The most frequent mode of presentation was epigastria pain [90%], loss of weight [90%] and anorexia [70%].Upper gastric tumor location accounted for 42%. Histologically; carcinoma accounted for 100 cases, lymphoma in 3 and leiomyosarcoma in 2 cases. Adenocarcinoma was the most frequent [94%], well differentiated Adenocarcinoma and intestinal type were also commonest varieties[31%] and [17%] respectively. Most of the patients had blood group O[+] [50%]. Palliative resection was attempted in 48 patients [45%] with a survival duration of 14 months compared with 5 month for those who had no resection [n=20]. Morbidity rate was significantly higher in the resection group compared with non-resection group, [18.8%] and [4.2%] respectively, while the mortality rate showed no difference, [15.9%] and [14.6%] respectively. Patients satisfaction was significantly better in the resection group. Gastric cancer is a disease affecting younger males presenting very late where palliative resection is an option in 45% of patients with satisfactory outcome and a mean of 14 months survival. Thoracic Injuries diagnosis Right main bronchial disruption due to blunt trauma. Kayani, Asif Gul; Pervaiz, Aftab Ahmed; Umair, Bilal; Siddique, Khalid; Khalique, Khalid E-mail:asifgulkayani@hotmail.com Combined militatry Hospital - Department of Anaesthesia JCPSP - Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan 2009; 19 (4): 249-251 (12 ref.) Keywords: Thoracic Injuries-therapy; Rib Fractures; Pneumothorax-therapy; Bronchial Fistula; Subcutaneous Emphysema; Bronchoscopes; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult-diagnosis; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult- therapy; Parenteral Nutrition; Surgical Procedures, Operative; Bronchi-injuries; Wounds, Nonpenetrating Abstract: A young soldier was crushed between two vehicles sustaining severe injury to right side of chest leading to multiple rib fractures, tension pneumothorax, bronchopleural fistula, and lateron gross surgical emphysema. Rigid Bronchoscopy confirmed injury to right upper bronchus. Surgical repair and postoperative care of such a major, although rare, injury was successfully achieved in this small hospital by a team augmented by a specialist from thoracic surgery centre. The risks of transport of a major thoracic injury should be assessed against a possible definitive treatment locally. Fibreoptic or rigid Bronchoscopy should be employed as early as possible in all suspected cases of major airways injury. An outreach service by a thoracic surgery centre can belief-saving. Thyyrotoxicosis diagnosis Atypical progression of thyrotoxic manifestations while awaiting laboratory confirmation. Nagarajan, Venkatesan; Al Shubaili, Asmahan E-mail:nagarajanusharani@hotmail.com Ibn Sina Hospital - Department of Neurology KMJ - Kuwait Medical Journal 2009; 41 (2): 162-165 (12 ref.) Keywords: Thyyrotoxicosis-drug therapy; Respiratory Tract Infections; Motor Neuron Disease; Paraplegia; Myasthenia Gravis; Graves Ophthalmopathy; Thyroid Function Tests; Thyroid Crisis; Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   83 Abstract: n ill-nourished man, whose hyperthyroid state was unmasked by respiratory infection, had more than one attack of thyroid storm and rapidly went through several unusual complications which included thyrotoxic periodic paralysis, upper and lower motor neuron manifestations, neuropsychiatric and metabolic disturbances. Diagnosis of hyperthyroidism was established after 14 days with the arrival of thyroid function test which was drawn on admission. Though his symptoms improved after initiating treatment, he continued to suffer from thyroid associated ophthalmopathy and myasthenia gravis. Although these manifestations of hyperthyroidism are well known, their occurrence in a single patient is unusual. This report highlights the need for the physicians to be alert regarding these rare manifestations of thyrotoxicosis in their patients and initiate treatment as it is difficult toots in rapid laboratory confirmation in emergency department. Tobacco genetics Transformation and expression of Na+/H+antiporter vacuolar [AtNHX1] gene in tobacco plants under salt stress. Soliman, Mohamed H.; Omar, Hanaa S.; El Awady, Mohamed A.; Al Assal, Sallah; Gamal El Din, Abd Alkader Y. Cairo University - Faculty of Agriculture - Department of Genetics Arab Journal of Biotechnology 2009; 12 (1): 99-107 (20 ref.) Keywords: Plant Leaves; Salts; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Plants, Genetically Modified; Sodium-Hydrogen Antiporter Abstract: Saline soil is a serious problem worldwide, and it is necessary to improve the salt tolerance of plants to avoid the progressive deterioration of saline soil. Agro bacterium based system was employed to transfer a vacuolar Na[+]/H[+] antiporter [AtNHX1] gene into tobacco leaf discs. Hundred thirty putative transgenic tobacco plants were obtained. The leaf painting as say was applied to select the transform ants containing the bar gene [basta herbicide resistance]. Inaddition, the stable integration of the AtNHX1 gene was confirmed by PCR analysis. The expression of encoding sequence AtNHX1 gene was detected by the accumulation of salt in the transgenic tobacco plants under the salt stress conditions. Transgenic tobacco plants expressing the AtNHX1 gene were able to grow in the presence of 150 to 300 mM NaCl and accumulated significantly at high concentrations of sodium ions in the leaves. However, the wild type plants could not tolerate a concentration up to 150 mM NaCl. This remarkable high salt tolerance intransgenic tobacco plants can be helpful in the future for applying important phytoremdiation plants in high saline lands. Tocotrienols therapeutic use Vitamin E derivative alpha-tocotrienol failed to show neuroprotective effects after embolic stroke in rats. Allahtavakoli, Mohammad; Pourshanazari, Aliasghar; Heshmatian, Behnam E-mail:alahtavakoli@razi.tums.ac.ir Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences - School of Medicine - Department of Physiology Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences 2009; 12 (1): 9-17 (31 ref.) Keywords: Tocotrienols-pharmacology; Neuroprotective Agents; Stroke-therapy; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery- chemically induced; Brain Damage, Chronic; Rats, Wistar Abstract: Previous studies have demonstrated that pretreatment with alpha-tocotrienol [a-TCT] can reduce ischemic damage in mice following middle cerebral artery [MCA] occlusion. It is also reported to decrease stroke dependent brain tissue damage in 12-Lox-deficient mice and spontaneously hypertensive rats. In the present study, the neuroprotective effects of a-TCT and rosiglitazone [RGZ] at 3 hr after cerebral ischemia were investigated. Stroke was induced by embolizing a preformed clot into the MCA. Rats were assigned to vehicle, a-TCT [1 or 10 mg/kg], RGZ and sham-operation. Compared to the control group, only RGZ decreased infarct volume [P < 0.05], neurological deficits [P < 0.05] and sensory impairments [P < 0.01] but low and high doses of a-TCT did not show any significant neuroprotective effect. Our data showed that a-TCT was not neuroprotective at 3 hr after the embolic model of stroke. Further studies should be undertaken to clarify the neuroprotective effects of a-TCT after stroke. Tonsillectomy adverse effects Surgical emphysema after tonsillectomy in Jordan University Hospital. Al Layla, Abdul M.; Al Barzangi, Bassam; Badran, Izdiad E-mail:aallayla44@hotmail.com Jordan University Hospital - ENT-Surgeon Jordan Medical Journal 2009; 43 (1): 51-54 (23 ref.) Keywords: Subcutaneous Emphysema-diagnosis; Subcutaneous Emphysema-therapy; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Postoperative Complications; Hospitals, University IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   84 Abstract: We report a case of a twenty-year old female patient who got subcutaneous emphysema following tonsillectomy. The patient had general anesthesia, intubation and ventilation air bubbles were noticed intraoperatively by the surgeon; then the patient developed surgical emphysema involving the face, neck and upper chest. Clinical and radiological assessment revealed a previous surgery in emphysema which extend to the anterior mediastinum and anterior chest wall and bilateral axillae with air in the retro peritoneal cavity. Management and follow-up where discussed, and to the best of our knowledge, our case is the first to be published from Jordan. Tooth Bleaching The effect of 15% carbamide peroxide bleaching on the shear bond strength of composite to enamel. Mortazavi, V.; Fathi, M.H.; Ataei, E.; Khodaeian, N. E-mail:v_mortazavi@dnt.mui.ac.ir Isfahan University of Medical Sciences - School of Dentistry, Dental Research Center - Department of Operative Dentistry Journal of Dentistry - Shiraz University of Medical Sciences 2009; 9 (Supp.): 24-30 (46 ref.) Keywords: Peroxides; Urea-analogs and derivatives; Drug Combinations; Shear Strength; Dental Bonding; Composite Resins; Dental Enamel; Molar Abstract: Carbamide peroxide bleaching has been implicated to adversely affect the bond strength of composite to enamel. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of car amide peroxide bleaching on the shear bond strength of composite to bleached enamel bonded with a three step total etch system; Scotch bond Multipurpose [SBMP], and two simplified all-in-one systems; Prompt L-Pop [PLP] and i bond. Seventy two human molar teeth were randomly assigned to three control and three experimental groups. The experimental groups were subjected to a%15 carbamide peroxide bleaching system. Twenty four hours later, all the control and experimental groups were bonded with cylinders of composite, using three dental bonding agents. After thermo cycling, shear bond strengths were determined by a universal testing machine. The data were evaluated using one way ANOVA and Duncan tests [P < 0.05]. The composite bond strengths of SBMP were 19.52 +/- 15.21 MPa to the unbleached and 7.95 +/- 4.16 MPa to the bleached enamel. For PLP, the unbleached enamel exhibited bond strengths of 9.6612.89 MPa and, the bleached one showed a bond strength value of 5.3910.66 MPa. For i-bond the composite bond strengths were 11.46 +/- 4.31 MPa to the unbleached and 6.41 +/- 2.01 MPa to the bleached enamel. There was a statistically significant difference between the shear bond strength of the control and experimental groups of each dental bonding agent [SBMP, P < 0.001, PLP, P < 0.001, i bond: P = 0.002]. Bleaching with 15% carbamide peroxide used in this study reduced the bond strengths of the composite to the enamel bonded with a three step total etch and two simplified one step all-in-one dental bonding agents. Tooth Erosion epidemiology Dental erosion and its risk factors in 12-year-old school children in Mashhad. Talebi, M.; Saraf, A.; Ebrahimi, M.; Mahmodi, E. E-mail:talebim@mums.ac.ir Mashhad University of Medical Sciences - School of Dentistry - Department of Pedodontics Journal of Dentistry - Shiraz University of Medical Sciences 2009; 9 (Supp.): 13-18 (16 ref.) Keywords: Risk Factors; Schools; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Incisor; Carbonated Beverages-adverse effects; Swimming; Prevalence Abstract: The dental hard tissues might be destroyed by different factors. One is dental erosion defined as the progressive loss of hard dental tissues by a chemical process not involving bacterial action. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of dental erosion and its risk factors in 12-year-old school children. This cross- sectional study was carried out on 483 12-year-old school children in Mashhad, 2007. Dental erosion was recorded for the labial and palatal surfaces of the upper incisors. For measurement purposes, the O'sullivan's index was adopted, and the results were statistically analyzed by T-student and Chi-Square tests. The prevalence of dental erosion was 38.1%, with no significant sex difference. Dental erosion was significantly higher in private school children [P < 0.001] and in underprivileged areas [P = 0.005]. Matt appearance of the enamel was the most prevalent type of dental erosion [21.2% central incisors, 5.2% lateral incisors]. In most of the involved cases, more than half of their surfaces were diagnosed as affected by erosion [24.4% central incisors, 5.2% lateral incisors]. The frequency consumption of carbonated beverages and night drinks illustrated a significant relation with dental erosion [P = 0.01, P = 0.023]. Children who swam professionally in swimming pools had significantly higher dental erosion [P < 0.001]. Based on the findings of this study, individually tailored preventive programs may be recommended to patients and a comprehensive case history should be taken so that all risk factors can be revealed. Triticum Effect of exogenous ascorbic acid on wheat tolerance to salinity stress conditions. Zeid, Farghal A.; El Shihy, Osama M.; Ghallab, Abdel Rahman M.; Ibrahim, Fatma El Zahraa A. Cairo University - Faculty of Agriculture - Department of Agricultural Botany, Plant Physiology Division Arab Journal of Biotechnology 2009; 12 (1): 149-173 (94 ref.) IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   85 Keywords: Sodium Chloride; Ascorbic Acid; Plant Components; Oxidative Stress; Protective Agents; Seawater; Salinity Abstract: In vitro experiments were performed to determine responses of wheat calli to ascorbic acid [AsA] concentrations [0, 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 ppm] under different levels of sea water [0, 15, 30 and 45%] and to determine suitable concentrations of AsA for exogenous treatments to enhance wheat tolerance to salinity. Results of this study indicated that AsA of [500, 1000 and 2000 ppm] concentrations improved tolerance of wheat calli to salinity. Two pot experiments were conducted during the two successive seasons 2004-2005 and 2005-2006 to determine the effect of exogenous AsA of 0, 500, 1000 and 2000 ppm concentrations at 45 and 75 days after sowing on growth, chemical composition and yield of wheat plants cv. Giza 168 [salt sensitive] irrigated with different levels of sea water [0, 15, 30 and 45%] in comparison with plants of cv. Sids 1 [partially salt tolerant]. The obtained results in this study clearly proved the role of AsA in increasing tolerance of wheat plants to salt stress. Exogenous AsA enhanced plant growth, chemical composition and consequently the productivity of wheat plants under salinity stress conditions. These effects may be attributed to the protective role of AsA in plant cells from the oxidative stress induced by salinity. It could be concluded that exogenous AsA of 1000 ppm concentration at 45 and 75 days after sowing is the most effective treatment to increase wheat tolerance to salinity. Tuberculosis diagnosis Optimizing double repetitive PCR for molecular typing of mycobacterium tuberculosis. Rahmo, Abdulkader E-mail:ak.rahmo@scs-net.org National Commission for Biotechnology Journal of the Arab Board of Medical Specializations 2009; 10 (1): 7-12 (17 ref.) Keywords: Mycobacterium tuberculosis-isolation and purification; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant Abstract: Establishing a simple, cost effective and efficient method for the molecular epidemiologic examination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis based on double repetitive element polymerase chain reaction technique. Fourteen isolated and characterized Mycobacterium tuberculosis provided genomic samples for the amplification using the double repetitive element polymerase chain reaction method, the resulting DNA fragments were stained using silver staining and results were compared with the original detection method. The introduction of relatively simple modifications improved significantly the efficiency of isolate stain discrimination, without rendering the method more costly. The proposed improved method can be expected to better serve as a molecular epidemiologic technique for the fight against the widespread mounting threat of tuberculosis in developing countries. history History of TB in the Sudan. Zaki, A.M.; Mirghani, M.; Eltilib, H.A. E-mail:drtuti@yahoo.com Omdurman Islamic University - Faculty of Medicine Sudan Journal of Medical Sciences 2009; 4 (2): 179-187 (12 ref.) Keywords: Tuberculosis-epidemiology; Retrospective Studies; Disease Susceptibility; Prevalence Abstract: Medical history in Sudan is far from being complete. There are no reliable records. Attempt to write on the projects and development of history of TB in the Sudan is a difficult task. To study and trace the progress of TB in Sudan during the last century through their historical development. A retrospective study. Data were collected from the annual reports of the Sudan Medical Services. Libraries and a number of previous studies were consulted. The route of entry of TB in the Sudan is mainly from the North. The South was virgin from TB up to 1930s. Northern Sudanese tribes have a high susceptibility and incidence of TB during 1925-1932 [3.7/1000]. The south and the Nuba Mountains were almost free from infection or disease. The infectivity rate was highest in North 4.3% while Khartoum showed 3%. In the South, Rumbek district, no TB cases were reported before the age of puberty up to 1930. Prevalence of tuberculosis in 1959/1960 was 26.0% and the detection rate was only 30%. Northern Sudanese contracted tuberculosis while serving in the Egyptian army and cities. The Southern and Western tribes who were almost free from TB infection became highly susceptible to both infection and disease. The infectivity ratere mains static during the last 50 years. Tuberculosis, Endocrine Tuberculosis of pancreas and peripancreatic lymph nodes: a case report. Taher, M.T.; Hashemi, S.M.H.; Mohammadi, M.; Hashemi, F. E-mail:mtalebitaher200@yahoo.com Firoozgar University Hospital - Infectious Diseases Unit - Department of Internal Medicine EMHJ - Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2009; 15 (6): 1617-1620 (20 ref.) Keywords: Tuberculosis, Lymph Node; Pancreas-pathology; Tomography, X-Ray Computed IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   86 Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant Comparison of the effectiveness of 2 treatment regimens in patients with isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis. Tabarsi, P.; Baghaei, P.; Hemmati, N.; Mirsaeidi, M.; Kazempour, M.; Mansouri, D.; Masjedi, M.R. E-mail:tabarsi@nritld.ac.ir Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences - National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease - Mycobacteriology Research Centre EMHJ - Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2009; 15 (6): 1346-1350 (18 ref.) Keywords: Isoniazid; Ant tubercular Agents; Mycobacterium tuberculosis-drug effects; Treatment Outcome Abstract: We compared the effectiveness of 2 treatment regimens for isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis [TB] in 42 patients attending a TB referral centre in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The patients were divided into 2 treatment groups: 26 received the 6-month standard HRZE treatment and 16 received a modified treatment of RZE for 6 months. There were no significant differences in age or sex of the groups. With the standard method of treatment, 21 [80.8%] patients were cured, 4 [15.4%] resulted in treatment failure, and 1 [3.8%] died. In the modified treatment group, 16 [100%] patients were cured. These differences were not statistically significantly different [P =0.194]. Tuberculosis, Pulmonary epidemiology Incidence of AFB sputum smears positive patients of pulmonary tuberculosis attending out patient department of chest medicine, Nishtarhospital, Multan. Atiq, Salman; Iqbal, Tehseen; Anjum, Naveed E-mail:dr_tehsiniqbal@yahoo.com Nishtar Medical College - Department of Physiology Medical Forum Monthly 2009; 20 (1): 3-8 (22 ref.) Keywords: Tuberculosis, Pulmonary-diagnosis; Sputum-microbiology; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Retrospective Studies; Prevalence; World Health Organization; Incidence Abstract: To find out the incidence of AFB smear positive patients of pulmonary tuberculosis who presented to out - patient department of chest medicine from January 2005 to October 2007. This retrospective study was carried out in the Department of Physiology in collaboration with Department of Chest Medicine and Tuberculosis Nishtar Hospital Multan. In this study, the hospital records of newly diagnosed patients of pulmonary tuberculosis were analyezd. The patients were classified into, various groups according to age and gender. The incidence of AFB smear positive patients and frequency of the presentation was calculated. The overall percentage of AFB smear positive cases between January 2005 and October 2007 in region of Multan was 22.16%, but it has dropped gradually from 2005 to 2007 both in male and female patients. A higher incidence was seen in population ranging in age between 10-30 years. Sputum smear examination for AFB is simple and cost-effective method to provide a fairly realistic estimate of the incidence or prevalence of tuberculosis. Although there was a decreasing trend in the incidence of AFB smear positive cases from 2005 to 2007, the high burden of tuberculosis among Pakistani population still warrants renewed and enhanced efforts to control TB. The higher prevalence of persistent cough and AFB-positive sputum smears need further exploration. Urethral Obstruction diagnosis Evaluation of renal transit time [RTT] in children with MR urography. Abou Hashed, Ahmed; Mansour, Magdy Al Azhar University - Faculty of Medicine - Radio diagnosis Department New Egyptian Journal of Medicine [The] 2009; 40 (1): 19-33 (31 ref.) Keywords: Urethral Obstruction-radiography; Urography; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Contrast Media; Child; Retrospective Studies; Hydronephrosis-diagnosis; Hydronephrosis-etiology; Hydronephrosis-radiography Abstract: To evaluate use of dynamic contrast material-enhanced. Magnetic resonance [MR] urdgraphy for measurement, of renal transit time [RTT of a contrast agent through the kidney and collecting system so as to identify obstructive uropathy in children. One hundred twenty-six children suspected of having hydronephrosis were hydrated prior to undergoing both conventional and dynamic contrast-enhanced MR urography of the kidneys and urinary tract. A three-dimensional sequence was used to track passage of contrast agent through the kidneys. Time between the appearance of contrast material in the kidney and its appearance in the ureter at or below the level of the lower pole of the kidney was defined as RTT. Bland-Altman plots were used to quantify intra- and interobserver performance. In 30 children, a nuclear medicine renogram was also obtained, and the half-life of renal signal decay after furosemide administration was derived and compared with the MR imaging RTT by using receiver operating characteristic curves. On the basis of RTT, kidneys were classified as normal [RTT </= 245 seconds], equivocal [245 seconds > RTT </= 490 seconds], or obstructed [RTT > 490 seconds]. Receiver operating characteristic analysis for comparison of results of MR imaging and diuretic renal scintigraphy showed good agreement between the modalities, with a mean area under the curve of 0.90. When used in conjunction with morphologic images obtained in the same, examination, RTT generally allowed normal kidneys to be differentiated from obstructed and partially obstructed kidneys. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   87 Varicocele surgery Varicocelectomy for scrotal pain. when and how? Al Hawary, Mohamed Abo El Saud M. Ahmed Maher Teaching Hospital New Egyptian Journal of Medicine [The] 2009; 40 (1): 67-71 (9 ref.) Keywords: Scrotum; Pain; Pain Measurement; Postoperative Complications; Treatment Outcome Abstract: The aim of the present study was to assess and compare pre-and postoperative scrotal pain in patients with vasicocele who underwent varicocelectomy with different approaches. The study included 72 consecutive patients with left-sided varicocele who had left scrotal pain for more than 3 months. All patients underwent varicocele ligation using either a sub inguinal or inguinal approach with or without external spermatic vein ligation. The intensity of Scrotal Pain was assessed both before and after the surgery. 60 patients have attended the follow-up. Of the 60 patients available for follow up, the surgery was successful in 50 [83.4%], 37 [61.1%] patients reported the complete resolution of pain while 13 patients [22.3%] reported partial resolution. Symptoms worsened in a single case and pain persisted postoperatively in 9 cases [15.7%]. There were no statistically significant differences in the characteristics of the pain and grade of varicocele between postoperative groups. A significant difference was observed in postoperative success between patients who had external spermatic vein ligation and those who did not, regardless of the surgical approach [inguinal or sub inguinal]. Varicocelectomy using either inguinal or sub inguinal approaches is an effective and reasonable treatment option in this patient group and should include external spermatic vein ligation for a satisfactory outcome. Vascular Resistance Does heart affect peripheral vascular resistance following myocardial ischemia and reperfusion? Kazerani, Hamid Reza; Mousavi, Seyyed Yousof E-mail:kazrani@yahoo.co.uk Ferdowsi University - The School of Veterinary Medicine - Department of Physiology Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences 2009; 12 (1): 51-60 (53 ref.) Keywords: Myocardial Ischemia; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury-physiopathology; Cardiovascular Agents; Atrial Natriuretic Factor; Femoral Artery; Rabbits; Heart Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the overall effect of cardiac vasoactive factors during coronary occlusion and reperfusion on peripheral vascular tone, using a sequential isolated rabbit heart-ear perfusion model. Isolated ears were perfused with the effluent of isolated hearts subjected to ischemia [30 min] and reperfusion [180 min, n=6]. The comparator groups consisted of a sham operated group [no ischemia, n=5] and the ears that were directly perfused with modified Krebs [n=10]. At the end of previous experiment, the perfusion mode of the sequentially perfused ears was converted to non-sequential perfusion with modified Krebs for 10 min and vice versa. In a separate experiment, samples collected from heart effluent during different stages of the first experiment were perfused to isolate stabilized ears [3 min; n=5] or hearts [1 min; n=5]. The possible effects of the samples on the tone of isolated femoral artery rings were also studied using an organ bath [n=5]. Coronary occlusion and reperfusion did not exert significant effects on the heart rate or the perfusion pressure of the sequentially perfused ears. The samples collected during different stages of ischemia and reperfusion did not affect the vascular tone in isolated ears or femoral artery rings either. The current study suggests that isolated heart, even following ischemia and reperfusion, does not release vasoactive substances in concentrations sufficient enough to affect peripheral resistance. Violence statistics and numerical data Physical violence against school children. Lafta, Riyadh K.; Al Neami, Maha A.; Adnan, Lubab E-mail:riyadhlafta@yahoo.com Mustansiriya University - College of Medicine - Epidemiology Journal of the Arab Board of Medical Specializations 2009; 10 (1): 34-41 (30 ref.) Keywords: Child Abuse-statistics and numerical data; Parent-Child Relation; Students; Prevalence; Parents; Cross- Sectional Studies; Child; Schools Abstract: To find out the prevalence of violence against children in Iraq through a sample of primary school children, and to throw light on some of the associated factors. Sixty primary schools were surveyed. A total of 4528 students [2396 boys and 2132 girls age between 8-11 years] were interviewed to collect information about age, gender, number of sisters and brothers, father's and mother’s occupation, in addition to information about exposure to violence [source, frequency, reasons for violence, sequel of violence, reaction and feeling of the child towards violence]. The results showed that 64% of the sample children were exposed to violence. The main source was the mother [62.5%] followed by the father [59.2%]. Quarrels were the main reason for violence [74.9%]. Regarding gender; 75.5% of the boys and 52.5% of the girls were exposed to violence. The most common reaction of the child was silence 38.6%, crying 33.6% IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   88 and violence 14.1%. While 44.7% agreed that violence was not good, 29.3% take it as a natural norm. The results also showed that 93% of children living in families with domestic violence were exposed to violence. Two thirds of the children are subjected to violence at home, school, or street. The perpetrators are mainly the parents. Some of children tolerate violence and consider it as normal. There is a link between domestic violence against women and that against children. There was a highly significant association between large family size and violence. von Willebrand Factor blood Plasma level of von Willebrand factor: an indicator of severity in sickle cell disease. Omer, Nawal Eltayeb; Satti, Maria M. Hamad; Mohamed, Abdelrahim Osman University of El Imam El Mahdi - Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences - Department of Pathology Sudan Journal of Medical Sciences 2009; 4 (2): 123-127 (23 ref.) Keywords: Anemia, Sickle Cell; Severity of Illness Index; beta-Globulins; Gene Mutation; Homozygote; Thrombosis; Ischemia; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Hemoglobin Abstract: Sickle cell anaemia is a congenital hemolytic disorder caused by mutation in the beta-globin gene at position 6 with replacement of glutamic acid by valine. Patients who are homozygous for this mutation suffer from hemolytic anaemia and other serious complications. The underlying pathology of many of these complications is the occurrence of recurrent vasoocclusion due to microthrombi formation resulting in organs ischaemia. In this study we investigated the role of vWF as a determinant of sickle cell disease severity through its contribution to the formation of such microthrombi. The clinical disease severity was determined using two different scoring methods, and vWF antigen level in the plasma was estimated by using ELISA technique. Seventy Sudanese patients were investigated in this study. They were 35 females and 35 males, the mean of their ages +/- standard deviation was 6.8 +/- 4.7 years. Seventeen controls with normal haemoglobin were also included with mean age of 6.5 years. Thirty four patients presented during vasoocclusive crisis and 36 presented in steady state. vWF was high [179.83%] among patients compared to controls [82.4%], p< 0.001 there was positive correlation between severity score and vWF level in the plasma in steady state in the two scoring methods used [r = 0.79, p = 0.008 for method I and r = 0.78, p = 0.009 for method II]. So, severity of sickle cell disease increases with elevation of vWF level in the plasma in the steady state. Waist Circumference Cut point of waist circumference in Egyptian diabetic patients. Qmar, Belal; Emara, Ibraheim; El Gazar, Helmy Internal medicine national institute of diabetes and endocrinology New Egyptian Journal of Medicine [The] 2009; 40 (1): 51-57 (17 ref.) Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus; Risk Factors; Obesity; Body Mass Index; Body Constitution; Mass Screening; Cholesterol; Triglycerides; Sensitivity and Specificity; Cardiovascular Diseases-etiology Abstract: Abdominal obesity is increasingly recognized as a major] risk factor for cardiovascular disease [CVD]. Compared with body mass index [BMI], waist circumference appear to be more strongly associated with metabolic risk factors. There are contradictor about the cut point of waist circumference in different ethnic group. Our aim therefore was to measure waist circumference and other criteria of the metabolic syndrome in Egyptian diabetic patients to determine Egyptian cut point for waist. 2651 diabetic patients with different duration of diabetes participated in this study. There is ethnic variation as regard waist circumference in diabetic Egyptian patients, mean WC [M = 102 cm. F = 109 cm]. It is clear that female waist is bigger than male and this is Egyptian variation- So cut point for metabolic syndrome must be changed due to ethnic variation. By using receiver-operating characteristic curves [ROC] the best point was [M = 94 cm, F = 98 cm] for waist cut point to determine metabolic syndrome and 30 kg/m2 for body mass index. Correlation analysis proof that waist is better than BMI as a tool to detect diabetic complications like retinopathy and IHD. and regression analysis show that in diabetic female patient's glycaemic state is linked to large waist and in male, glycaemic state is linked to BMI. Waist Circumference in recently diagnosed type 2 diabetics. Omar, Belal; Khalid, Mohsen; El Bana, Hassan; Mafouz, Mohamed H. National Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology - Internal Medicine New Egyptian Journal of Medicine [The] 2009; 40 (1): 34-39 (17 ref.) Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2-diagnosis; Body Constitution; Body Mass Index; Cholesterol; Triglycerides; Metabolic Syndrome X; Waist-Hip Ratio; Obesity-diagnosis Abstract: Body mass index [BMI] is often used to reflect total body fat amount [general obesity] whereas waist circumference [WC], waist-to-hip ratio or waist-to height ratio is used as a surrogate of body fat centralization [central obesity]. The clustering of cardiovascular risk factors in association with disturbance of glucose and lipid metabolism is referred to as metabolic syndrome. Men and women who have waist circumference > 94 cm and 80 cm respectively, are considered to be at increased risk for cardio metabolic disease. The relation between waist circumference and clinical outcome is consistently strong for diabetes risk, and waist circumference is a stronger predictor of diabetes than BMI. Our study is the first study to measure waist circumference in newly diagnosed Egyptian diabetic patients. We found that, 56% of newly diagnosed Egyptians diabetic patients have metabolic syndrome. At the same time we found a statistically significant difference as regard metabolic syndrome components between low waist and high waist groups but the difference was statistically insignificant when we compared low BMI with high BMI groups in newly diagnosed diabetics. This means that waist circumference is a simple tool to predict diabetes and metabolic syndrome better than other measures. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   89 Water [Quality of water and access to it in the Occupied Palestinian Territory] Al Khatib, I.A.; Al Remawi, I.S.; Ghait, L.I.; Takrouri, A.A. E-mail:ikhatib@birzeit.edu Birzeit University - Institute of Environmental of Water Studies EMHJ - Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2009; 15 (6): 1542-1552 (26 ref.) Keywords: Water Supply; Water Microbiology; Water Purification Abstract: We investigated access to and quality of water in the Occupied Palestinian Territory. As regards access, 89.2% of Palestinian families live in households connected to the public water network: 84.1% in the West Bank and 99.3% in the Gaza Strip. In the north and south West Bank, 2.3% of households depend on buying water from tanks but this is not available in the mid-West Bank and Gaza Strip. Rain-fed cisterns are used in 13% of households in the West Bank and 0.2% in the Gaza Strip. Overall, 63% of households considered the water quality good, 88.0% inthe West Bank and 13.3% in the Gaza Strip. There was a significant relationship between water-related diseases and water quality: the spread of such diseases was greater in the Gaza Strip. Wounds and Injuries epidemiology Childhood injuries seen at emergency department DHQ hospital Rawalpindi in 2007. Hanif, Muhamad; Hamid, A.; Abdur Rashid, Mian; Anwaar; Alvina; Uz Zaman, Fasseh FLJMC Rawalpindi Medical Forum Monthly 2009; 20 (1): 32-35 (25 ref.) Keywords: Child; Emergency Service, Hospital; Accidental Falls-statistics and numerical data; Retrospective Studies Abstract: To determine the frequency and pattern of injuries in children less than 15 years of age 500 oases are studied in children less than 15 years of age at Emergency Department, DHQ Hospital Rawalpindi. Emergency Department DHQ Hospital Rawalpindi. Retrospective study to determine the relative frequency and pattern of injuries in children less than 15 yrs of age. A total number of 500 children were seen in ED and ages ranged from 1 month to 15 years. There were 321 males and 179 Females representing about 61.2% and 35.8% female respectively with ratio of about 2: 1. A total no of 210 children were injured by fall. In 0-5 year age group fall is either from stair furniture, beds or walker. In 5-15 years age group the playground injuries like fall from Owings, slide and sea saws. The injuries were mostly on head and upper limbs. Yoghurt The effect of natamycin on keeping quality and organoleptic characters of yoghurt. El Diasty, Eman M.; El Kaseh, R.M.; Salem, R.M. Omar El Mokhtar University - Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Arab Journal of Biotechnology 2009; 12 (1): 41-47 (16 ref.) Keywords: Natamycin-pharmacology; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Antifungal Agents; Sensation Abstract: This study was planned to evaluate the shelf life and the changes occurring in the organoleptic characters of yoghurt supplemented with natamycin during the storage period. Yoghurt samples were prepared and divided into two groups; natamycin was added to the first group at the levels of 10 and 20 mg / kg, while the second group of yoghurt was prepared without natamycin and kept as a control. Yoghurt cups were stored all over the experimental period [35 days] at 4 +/- 1°C. Organoleptic examinations, estimation of pH and titertable acidity as well as enumeration of total moulds and yeasts were done on both treated and control yoghurts. The yoghurts were examined at the 3[rd] and 7[th] days, then weekly till the end of storage period. The treated group of yoghurt showed acceptable degree of organoleptic examination, while yeasts and moulds were not detected till the end of the storage time. On the other hand, control samples of yoghurt showed unacceptable degrees of examination and contamination with moulds and yeasts. Natamycin was proved to be a suitable and effective antifungal agent which increases the shelf life of yoghurt without changing in the normal characters of the products.

    Appendix I Author Index

IMEMR Current Contents Author Index   93  Ababneh, Nida A. LEUKEMIA, MYELOGENOUS, CHRONIC, BCR-ABL POSITIVE (genetics) Abbas, Dina E. LYCOPERSICON ESCULENTUM (genetics) Abbas, F. Mashhadi ODONTOGENIC CYST, CALCIFYING (diagnosis) Abbas, Ghulam ASCITES (etiology) Abbas, Shahid RESPIRATORY PARALYSIS (etiology) Abbaspour, Z. PREMARITAL EXAMINATION Abd Elwahab, H.M. DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1 (diet therapy) Abdalla, Ahmad Abdalazim ELECTROLYTES (blood) Abdalla, Elmuataz Elmansi ELECTROLYTES (blood) Abdallah, Naglaa A. LYCOPERSICON ESCULENTUM (genetics) CUCUMOVIRUS (Genetics) Abdel Fattah, M. HABITS Abdel Gader, A.G.M. HOMOCYSTEINE (blood) Abdel Gader, Abdul Jalil M. LIPOPROTEIN [A] (blood) Abdel Gayoum, Abdel Gayoum A. DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2 (diagnosis) Abdel Hadi, Abd El Hadi A. ORYZA SATIVA (genetics) Abdel Hai, R. HEALTH PROMOTION Abdel Hameed, Amany PNEUMATOSIS CYSTOIDES INTESTINALIS (diagnosis) Abdel Kader, Heba A.M. PLANT OILS (toxicity) Abdel Maksoud, Awatif M. BETA-THALASSEMIA (blood) Abdel Salam, M. HELICOBACTER INFECTIONS Abdel Salam, Mona Mohamed HYPERTENSION (genetics) Abdel Wahab, Mahmoud A. PULMONARY DISEASE, CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE (genetics) HYPERTENSION (genetics) Abdelkader, Hayam S. ORYZA SATIVA (genetics) CUCUMOVIRUS (genetics) Abdolrahmani, Mohammad GENICULATE BODIES (anatomy and histology) Abdrabou, A.M. CUCUMOVIRUS (Genetics) Abdul Karim, E.T. CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS (immunology) Abdul Muhymen, N. CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS (immunology) Abdul Rahman, Shahd NOCTURNAL ENURESIS (epidemiology) Abdul Rahman, Shatha NOCTURNAL ENURESIS (epidemiology) Abdullah, A. MEDROXYPROGESTERONE 17-ACETATE (administration and dosage) CHILD ABUSE Abdullah, S.H. HOMOCYSTEINE (blood) Abdulle, A.M. MICRONUTRIENTS Abdulsamad, Abdulsamad M. DNA (isolation and purification) Abdur Rashid, Mian WOUNDS AND INJURIES (epidemiology) Abed, Kawther BACILLUS (genetics) CORYNEBACTERIUM (genetics) Abo El Haythim, Rafik E. DERMATITIS, ATOPIC Abo Zeid, Tarek ANIMALS, DOMESTIC Abou Hashed, Ahmed URETHRAL OBSTRUCTION (diagnosis) Abou Zeid, A.H. HABITS Abou Zeina, H. HEALTH PROMOTION Abu Halaweh, Sami A. DEXMEDETOMIDINE (pharmacology) Abu Idris, Dafalla Omer PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN (blood) NEOPLASMS (therapy) Abu Salem, Osama BREAST NEOPLASMS Abu Sham'a, R.A.H. METABOLIC SYNDROME X (etiology) IMEMR Current Contents Author Index   94  Abu Sulaiman, Riyadh M. HYPOPLASTIC LEFT HEART SYNDROME (surgery) Abubaker, Jawed PNEUMONIA, VENTILATOR-ASSOCIATED (diagnosis) Abuhamed, Mutasem M. EPILEPSY (chemically induced) Abul, Nabila A. MENINGOCOCCAL INFECTIONS (complications) Adam, Mohammed Alnour DIABETIC FOOT (therapy) Adnan, Lubab VIOLENCE (statistics and numerical data) Afshari, P. PREMARITAL EXAMINATION Agha, Syed Farid-ud-din HEMATOMA, EPIDURAL, CRANIAL (surgery) Aghazadeh, Behzad MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (mortality) Ahmad Nia, S. CESAREAN SECTION Ahmad, Rizwan OXIDATIVE STRESS Ahmad, Shamweel KLEBSIELLA INFECTIONS (epidemiology) Ahmadi, A. EDUCATION, MEDICAL, CONTINUING Ahmed, Anas Osman NEOPLASMS (therapy) Ahmed, Dalia S. ORYZA SATIVA (genetics) Ahmed, Ejaz ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL (pharmacology) Ahmed, Elhadi M. DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1 (diet therapy) Ahmed, Hameda MISOPROSTOL (administration and dosage) Ahmed, Mohamed E. STOMACH NEOPLASMS (diagnosis) Ahmed, Mohamed El Imam RENAL DIALYSIS (adverse effects) Ahmed, Mohammed El Imam M. PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN (blood) Ahmed, Mohieldin M. POSTURAL BALANCE Ahmed, Salah A.M. NEUROTRANSMITTER AGENTS Ahmed, Taha Umbeli LABOR, INDUCED Ahsaan, Akram ASCITES (etiology) Ajem, A. FACTOR V (genetics) Ajlouni, Kamel M. PITUITARY GLAND (radiography) Akaberian, S. EDUCATION, MEDICAL, UNDERGRADUATE Akay, Ahmet DEPTH PERCEPTION (physiology) Akay, Melih ANESTHESIA, SPINAL (adverse effects) Akbar, H. HELICOBACTER INFECTIONS Akbar, Mousa A.J. MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (diagnosis) Akbarzadeh, M. BREAST SELF-EXAMINATION Akhavan, A. CORONARY DISEASE Akhoondian, J. LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, SYSTEMIC (diagnosis) Akhoundzadeh, S. EDUCATION, MEDICAL, CONTINUING Akhtar, Naureen GITELMAN SYNDROME (diagnosis) Akin, Yasemin ANEMIA (complications) Aktekin, Mehmet R. PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING Al adil, O. CEREBELLAR DISEASES (diagnosis) Al Aghbari, Khaled CATHA (adverse effects) Al Akhfash, Ali A. HYPOPLASTIC LEFT HEART SYNDROME (surgery) Al Akhras, N. DISABLED PERSONS Al Ali, Nihal R. MISOPROSTOL (administration and dosage) Al Allaf, Luma I.K. ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE Al Amad, Suhail Hani FORENSIC DENTISTRY Al Aseri, Zohair LIPOPROTEIN [A] (blood) Al Assadi, Ali F. MISOPROSTOL (administration and dosage) Al Assal, Sallah TOBACCO (genetics) IMEMR Current Contents Author Index   95  Al Attar, May Mahmoud PULMONARY DISEASE, CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE (genetics) Al Awaidy, S. MENINGITIS (epidemiology) Al Barzangi, Bassam TONSILLECTOMY (adverse effects) Al Batayneh, Ola.B. CASEINS Al Bloushi, Maliha Askar Soud POLYRADICULONEUROPATHY (diagnosis) Al Busairi, Waleed Ahmed POSTURAL BALANCE Al Dousary, Ahmad Ali MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (diagnosis) Al Edwan, Ghazi M. DEXMEDETOMIDINE (pharmacology) Al Elq, A. OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL (complications) Al Farha, Manal Abd Al Monim CARNITINE (therapeutic use) Al Habeeb, T.A. REFERRAL AND CONSULTATION Al Haddad, M.K. SCHOLL, MEDICAL Al Harbi, Obaid PNEUMATOSIS CYSTOIDES INTESTINALIS (diagnosis) Al Hashash, Wafaa Ahmed HEPATITIS, AUTOIMMUNE (diagnosis) Al Hawary, Mohamed Abo El Saud M. VARICOCELE (surgery) Al Hayani, Abdulmonem A. NERVE FIBERS, MYELINATED (ultrastructure) Al Hebbi, Homoud A. LIVER TRANSPLANTATION (adverse effects) Al Huwaizi, A.F. ORTHODONTICS Al Jabre, Salih Hamad M. BENZOQUINONES (therapeutic use) Al Janoubi, Nada MYELITIS, TRANSVERSE (diagnosis) Al Juaid, Nami Fawazan KLEBSIELLA INFECTIONS (epidemiology) Al Jumah, Eman Sadiq POLYRADICULONEUROPATHY (diagnosis) Al Kabaisi, Noora DIABETIC RETINOPATHY (diagnosis) Al Kadhi, Yusuf A. SPLENOSIS (diagnosis) Al Kayyali, Bassam Sulaaiman CARCINOMA, ACINAR CELL (diagnosis) Al Khatib, I.A. WATER Al Khusaiby, S. MENINGITIS (epidemiology) Al Kofide, Amani A. HODGKIN DISEASE Al Layla, Abdul M. TONSILLECTOMY (adverse effects) Al Mana, Hadeel M. SPLENOSIS (diagnosis) Al Medhagi, Anwar G. HEPATITIS B VACCINES (immunology) Al Mendalawi, Mahmood D. BETA-THALASSEMIA ANEMIA, SICKLE CELL (epidemiology) ORAL HYGIENE Al Moyed, Tageia Abdul Karim HEPATITIS B VACCINES (immunology) Al Mulhim, F. OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL (complications) Al Mustafa, Mahmoud M. DEXMEDETOMIDINE (pharmacology) Al Nahhas, Samar A. LEISHMANIASIS, CUTANEOUS (diagnosis) Al Neami, Maha A. VIOLENCE (statistics and numerical data) Al Noaemi, Mohammed NEUROTRANSMITTER AGENTS Al Nsoor, Nariman CATHETERIZATION, CENTRAL VENOUS (utilization) Al Nuaimy, Wahda M.T. ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE Al Othman, A. OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL (complications) Al Qahtani, Ali S. SAFETY MANAGEMENT Al Qattan, Hanan Y. MENINGOCOCCAL INFECTIONS (complications) Al Qurashi, Mansour M. ANEMIA, SICKLE CELL (epidemiology) Al Raway, Ahmed M. DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1 (complications) Al Remawi, I.S. WATER Al Saadi, Khalid A. FOREIGN BODIES (diagnosis) IMEMR Current Contents Author Index   96  Al Saadie, M. CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS (immunology) Al Saati, Ameen FASCIITIS, NECROTIZING (therapy) Al Salam, Suhail CARCINOMA, ACINAR CELL (diagnosis) Al Selwi, Abd Al Hafid CATHA (adverse effects) Al Shamahy, Hassan A. HEPATITIS B VACCINES (immunology) Al Shammary, H. OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL (complications) Al Shaqrani, Mohammad A. LIVER TRANSPLANTATION (adverse effects) Al Shubaili, Asmahan THYYROTOXICOSIS (diagnosis) Al Sobhi, E. MULTIPLE MYELOMA (complications) Al Sulaiti, Rola PEMPHIGOID GESTATIONIS (diagnosis) Al Tonbary, Youssef LIVER NEOPLASMS (diagnosis) Al Turki, H. OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL (complications) Al Waeely, Faiz A. MISOPROSTOL (administration and dosage) Al Wayli, Hessa M. HEPATITIS B (epidemiology) Al Zaher, Nabil CARCINOMA, ACINAR CELL (diagnosis) Alaedini, F. EDUCATION, MEDICAL, CONTINUING Alakloby, Omar M. BENZOQUINONES (therapeutic use) Alam, Altaf GASTRIC ANTRAL VASCULAR ECTASIA (therapy) Alam, Nadeem INFERTILITY, MALE (diagnosis) Alavi, A. PSYCHIATRIC STATUS RATING SCALES Alavi, A.A. COMPOSITE RESINS Alavi, G. COMPOSITE RESINS Alenzi, Paris Q. KLEBSIELLA INFECTIONS (epidemiology) Alfuitasi, Amna M. NEURONAL MIGRATION DISORDERS (diagnosis) Alhani, F. EDUCATION, NURSING Ali Rasheed, T. ORTHODONTICS Ali, Ehab M. Mohamed ASPARAGINASE (isolation and purification) Ali, Fahmy T. DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1 (complications) Ali, Huma DEPRESSION (epidemiology) Ali, Mostafa Z. HYPERTENSION (drug therapy) Ali, Muhammad PNEUMONIA, VENTILATOR-ASSOCIATED (diagnosis) Ali, Syed Ayub PEFLOXACIN (blood) Ali, Yousif DISINFECTION (methods) Alimohammadian, M. BREAST NEOPLASMS (epidemiology) Alizadeh, R. MOUTH NEOPLASMS Aljubran, Ali CARCINOMA, NON-SMALL-CELL LUNG (therapy) Alkattan, Hisham Abd Alkarem FINGERSUCKING (adverse effects) Allahtavakoli, Mohammad TOCOTRIENOLS (therapeutic use) Allen, Hugh NATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAMS (organization and administration) Almasad, Jamal MAMMOGRAPHY (utilization) Almogren, Adel ASTHMA (diagnosis) Almutairi, Abdullah HEMOSIDEROSIS (diagnosis) Almutawa, Fahima Jaffar PREMARITAL EXAMINATIONS Alnasir, Faisal Abdul Latif FAMILY PRACTICE Aloweidi, Abdel Karim S. DEXMEDETOMIDINE (pharmacology) Alqamish, Jehad Radhi PREMARITAL EXAMINATIONS Alvina WOUNDS AND INJURIES (epidemiology) Aly, Gamal S. ASTHMA (epidemiology) IMEMR Current Contents Author Index   97  Alzahrani, Alhusain J. BENZOQUINONES (therapeutic use) Amani, A. HYPERTENSION (prevention and control) Amaral, Leandro PERIPHERAL BLOOD STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION (statistics and numerical data) Amin, Joher GASTRIC ANTRAL VASCULAR ECTASIA (therapy) Amirlak, I. MICRONUTRIENTS Ammari, Bassam A. DEXMEDETOMIDINE (pharmacology) Anjum, Naveed TUBERCULOSIS, PULMONARY (epidemiology) Ankarali, Handan C. ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY Ankarali, Seyit ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY Anousheh, M. EDUCATION, NURSING Ansari, Shuaib DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES (epidemiology) Anwaar WOUNDS AND INJURIES (epidemiology) Anwar, Ashraf M. HEART DISEASES (diagnosis) Arain, Zahid B. LIVER TRANSPLANTATION (adverse effects) Arora, Rajan PNEUMATOSIS CYSTOIDES INTESTINALIS (diagnosis) Arslan, Sinan CARBOXYLIC ESTER HYDROLASES (blood) Asgari, S. CORONARY DISEASE Ashktorab, T. NURSING FACULTY PRACTICE Ashrafi, F. CORONARY DISEASE Askar, Faiza S. CATHA (adverse effects) Ata Ullah, Nabila METFORMIN (therapeutic use) Ataei, E. TOOTH BLEACHING Atari, Y. PREMARITAL EXAMINATION Atashrazm, P. OCCLUSAL ADJUSTMENT Atiq, Salman TUBERCULOSIS, PULMONARY (epidemiology) Attar, Suzan M. PEPTIDES, CYCLIC (diagnostic use) Awad, Faisal METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCACCUS AUREUS (drug effects) Awidi, Abdallah LEUKEMIA, MYELOGENOUS, CHRONIC, BCR-ABL POSITIVE (genetics) MAMMOGRAPHY (utilization) Awwad, Ziad M. DEXMEDETOMIDINE (pharmacology) Aydinlar, Ali CARBOXYLIC ESTER HYDROLASES (blood) Ayed, Adel K. PNEUMOTHORAX (surgery) Azari, A. DENTAL VENEERS Baba, Asif PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC (diagnosis) Badran, Izdiad TONSILLECTOMY (adverse effects) Baghaee, B. CANDIDIASIS, CHRONIC MUCOCUTANEOUS (diagnosis) Baghaei, P. TUBERCULOSIS, MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT Baghcheghi, N. MEDICATION ERRORS Bagheri, Kamran Pooshang STAPHYLOCOCCAL VACCINES (chemical synthesis) Bahadorkhan, G.R. SPINAL CORD INJURIES (complications) Baharoon, Salim A. ARTHRITIS, INFECTIOUS (diagnosis) Bahou, Yacoub G. CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE (epidemiology) Bahratni, Gholamreza CLARITHROMYCIN (blood) Baig, Lubna MENOPAUSE Bajaj, Doulat Rai HEALTH KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, PRACTICE Bakheet, Osama El Sayed KLEBSIELLA INFECTIONS (epidemiology) Bakry, S. MEDROXYPROGESTERONE 17-ACETATE (administration and dosage) Bal, Ajda SPINAL CORD INJURIES (blood) IMEMR Current Contents Author Index   98  Baran, Ibrahim CARBOXYLIC ESTER HYDROLASES (blood) Barzegar, H. GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME (diagnosis) Barzkar, Mosayeb DYSPEPSIA (epidemiology) Basahi, Mohamed NATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAMS (organization and administration) Basak, Ramen C. HYPERTHYROIDISM (diagnosis) Bashi, Ahmed Yahya Dallal CARNITINE (therapeutic use) Basiri, Keivan ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS (diagnosis) Bassos, Atef F. LIVER TRANSPLANTATION (adverse effects) Bazzaz, Bibi Sedigheh Fazly SALVIA (chemistry) Behbehani, Nasser HEMOSIDEROSIS (diagnosis) Behlim, T. MENINGITIS (epidemiology) Behmanesh, F. LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, SYSTEMIC (diagnosis) Belbeisi, Adel MAMMOGRAPHY (utilization) Belgaumi, Asim HODGKIN DISEASE Ben Amor, Mohamed PARANASAL SINUS DISEASES (surgery) Ben Gamra, Olfa PARANASAL SINUS DISEASES (surgery) Bessiouni, Ibrahim E. FOREIGN BODIES (diagnosis) Bhat, Venkatraman S. FOREIGN BODIES (diagnosis) Bhat, Yasmeen PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC (diagnosis) Bhatti, Muhammad Afzal GASTRIC ANTRAL VASCULAR ECTASIA (therapy) Bidram, F. CANDIDIASIS, CHRONIC MUCOCUTANEOUS (diagnosis) Bigdeli, H. MOYAMOYA DISEASE (diagnosis) Bittencourt, Henrique PERIPHERAL BLOOD STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION (statistics and numerical data) Bo, Xiao EPILEPSY (chemically induced) Bodenschatz, C. INJECTIONS Bokhari, Asma GENITAL DISEASES, FEMALE (epidemiology) Borzu, R. EDUCATION, NURSING Boshehri, S. CLOTRIMAZOLE (pharmacology) Bou Antoun, R. JOB SATISFACTION Bunting, Peter S. PEPTIDES, CYCLIC (diagnostic use) Burkes, Ronald CARCINOMA, NON-SMALL-CELL LUNG (therapy) Bushra, Rabia DEPRESSION (epidemiology) Butt, Arshad K. GASTRIC ANTRAL VASCULAR ECTASIA (therapy) Cabs, Bassim M. Ashoor FASCIITIS, NECROTIZING (therapy) Cakci, Aytul SPINAL CORD INJURIES (blood) Camara Lopes, Luiz H. LYMPHOMA, MANTLE-CELL (diagnosis) Celebi, Gurbuz DEPTH PERCEPTION (physiology) Celik, Ilhami BONE SUBSTITUTES (therapeutic use) Ceylan, Berit G. PROPOFOL (pharmacology) Chahine, L.M. MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES Chamsi Pasha, Hassan HEART DISEASES (diagnosis) Chamsi Pasha, Mohammed A. HEART DISEASES (diagnosis) Chandrasekran, Chazian PNEUMOTHORAX (surgery) Chatterjee, Manas HYPERTHYROIDISM (diagnosis) Chaudhary, Ahmed Khan LYMPHOMA, NON-HODGKIN (diagnosis) Chemali, Z. MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES Comert, S. ANTHROPOMETRY Comert, Serdar ANEMIA (complications) Crisci, Carlos D. ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY (education) IMEMR Current Contents Author Index   99  Cuellar Ambrosi, Francisco POEMS SYNDROME (diagnosis) Cuervo Sierra, Jorge POEMS SYNDROME (diagnosis) Dabbaghian, I. MOUTH NEOPLASMS Dadjou, Yahya HEART NEOPLASMS (diagnosis) Daneshvar, R. LASERS, SOLID-STATE Darwazah, A.K. METABOLIC SYNDROME X (etiology) Darwish, Abdulla PEMPHIGOID GESTATIONIS (diagnosis) Darwish, Nevine S. CHROMIUM COMPOUNDS (adverse effects) Dash, N. MENINGITIS (epidemiology) Dashti, Ali A. DNA (isolation and purification) Dashti, Hussein M. DNA (isolation and purification) Dawani, Hania A. NURSES (psychology) Dawodu, A. MICRONUTRIENTS Dawson, K.P. MICRONUTRIENTS Dehnavi, A. Mehri SCHOOL ADMISSION CRITERIA Del Giacco, Sergio ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY (education) Delavar, B. CESAREAN SECTION Demir, Serif ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY Dhaif, Ghassan FASCIITIS, NECROTIZING (therapy) Diab, Yousef HEART DEFECTS, CONGENITAL (complications) Diaz Betancur, James POEMS SYNDROME (diagnosis) Dildar, Babar PNEUMONIA, VENTILATOR-ASSOCIATED (diagnosis) Doumi, El Bushra Ahmed ABDOMEN, ACUTE (diagnosis) Driedger, Albert NATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAMS (organization and administration) Dusse, Luci Maria PERIPHERAL BLOOD STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION (statistics and numerical data) Ebrahemi, M. BLOOD PRESSURE Ebrahimi, H. BURNING MOUTH SYNDROME (drug therapy) MODELS, NURSING Ebrahimi, M. TOOTH EROSION (epidemiology) Edraki, M.R. MIDAZOLAM (pharmacology) Ehsaei, M.R. SPINAL CORD INJURIES (complications) Eini Zinab, H. CESAREAN SECTION Ekhtiari, Hamed FASTING El Ashry, Rasha LIVER NEOPLASMS (diagnosis) El Awady, Mohamed A. TOBACCO (genetics) El Bana, Hassan WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE DIABETES MELLITUS (complications) El Barrany, Wagih G. NERVE FIBERS, MYELINATED (ultrastructure) El Bessoumy, Ashraf BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS (enzymology) El Deftar, Mervat M. BREAST NEOPLASMS (genetics) El Derwi, D. HEALTH PROMOTION El Diasty, Eman M. YOGHURT DAIRY PRODUCTS (microbiology) MILK (microbiology) EGGS El Enezy, Saleh MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (diagnosis) El Gazar, Helmy WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE DIABETES MELLITUS (complications) El Gendy, Essam A. CHICKENS (genetics) El Gerzawi, Shadia M. BREAST NEOPLASMS (genetics) El Hashash, Osama AEF. MENINGOCOCCAL INFECTIONS (complications) El Imam, Mohamed INTERCELLULAR SIGNALING PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS (therapeutic use) IMEMR Current Contents Author Index   100  El Kaseh, R.M. YOGHURT MILK (microbiology) EGGS El Kattawy, Azza M. ANIMALS, DOMESTIC El Khayat, Zakaria A. BREAST NEOPLASMS (genetics) El Khedim, Abdelkader PARANASAL SINUS DISEASES (surgery) El Maadawy, Maged Mohamed RADIAL ARTERY (ultrasonography) El Maghawry, I. PRE-ECLAMPSIA El Nasser, Ziad METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCACCUS AUREUS (drug effects) El Nouman, A HEALTH PROMOTION El Sabiq, M. RENAL DIALYSIS (adverse effects) El Shallaly, Gamal E.H.A. CARCINOID TUMOR (complications) El Sharouny, Ebaa BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS (enzymology) El Shazly, Samir A. ANIMALS, DOMESTIC El Shihy, Osama M. TRITICUM El Tahir, Ammar CEREBELLAR DISEASES (diagnosis) El Toukhy, Safinaz E. BREAST NEOPLASMS (genetics) Elamin, Anwaar Ali RENAL DIALYSIS (adverse effects) Elbarbary, Mahmoud A. HYPOPLASTIC LEFT HEART SYNDROME (surgery) Elcioglu, Omur HISTORY OF MEDICINE Elgaili, Elgaili Mohamed NEOPLASMS (therapy) Elhabashy, Safinaz A. PURPURA (physiopathology) Elhassan, Elhassan Mohamed PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN (blood) Elmadani, Ahmed Elkhidir NEOPLASMS (therapy) Elmahi, Self I.M. STOMACH NEOPLASMS (diagnosis) Elrefai, Jamil M. DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES (epidemiology) Elsamani, Mohamed El. STOMACH NEOPLASMS (diagnosis) Eltayeb, Elgaylani Abdalla NEOPLASMS (therapy) Eltilib, H.A. TUBERCULOSIS (history) Eltoum, H.A. CEREBELLAR DISEASES (diagnosis) Elwali, Nasreldin Abdalla NEOPLASMS (therapy) Elwatidy, Sherif M. CEREBROSPINAL FLUID SHUNTS (adverse effects) Emara, Ibraheim WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE Emara, Ibrahem DIABETES MELLITUS (complications) Enemuo, Valantine ASPERGILLOSIS (diagnosis) Erdinc, Selda CARBOXYLIC ESTER HYDROLASES (blood) Erfanian, F. ROLE PLAYING Erfanian, Youssef LYMPHATIC DISEASES (etiology) Erginoz, E. ANTHROPOMETRY Erginoz, Ethem ANEMIA (complications) Erk, Gulcan ANESTHESIA, SPINAL (adverse effects) Eroglu, Fusun PROPOFOL (pharmacology) Eshak, Mariam G. PLANT OILS (toxicity) Essali, Mohamed Adib BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH (methods) Ezimokhai, M. MICRONUTRIENTS Ezzat, Mohamed H. DERMATITIS, ATOPIC Faghri, J. STAPHYLOCOCCAL VACCINES (chemical synthesis) Falahzadeh, Ahmadreza BELL PALSY (epidemiology) Fallah, A. HEPATOLENTICULAR DEGENERATION (diagnosis) Farag, Ibrahim M. PLANT OILS (toxicity) IMEMR Current Contents Author Index   101  Fard, M. Yazdankha EDUCATION, MEDICAL, UNDERGRADUATE Farooq, Fareeha DYSLIPIDEMIAS (diagnosis) Farooq, Muhammad Asif ENDOSONOGRAPHY Farshchi, Amir CLARITHROMYCIN (blood) Fateh, Ali BELL PALSY (epidemiology) Fatehi, Farzad ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS (diagnosis) Fathi, M.H. TOOTH BLEACHING Fatima, Naheed MISOPROSTOL (therapeutic use) Fattahi, F. DRUG TOXICITY Feng, Bao-Hui OCULOMOTOR NERVE (anatomy and histology) Ferreira, Galileu Galilei PERIPHERAL BLOOD STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION (statistics and numerical data) Feteih, R. HELICOBACTER INFECTIONS Fouda, Ashraf LIVER NEOPLASMS (diagnosis) Fournie, Kate NATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAMS (organization and administration) Frew, Anthony J. ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY (education) Gaber, Osama Abdel Aziz METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE NADPH2 Gadour, M.O.H. CEREBELLAR DISEASES (diagnosis) Gamal El Din, Abd Alkader Y. TOBACCO (genetics) Ganjgahi, Habib FASTING Garcia, Bertha NATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAMS (organization and administration) Gauhar, Shahnaz PEFLOXACIN (blood) Gencer, Mehmet MYASTHENIA GRAVIS (diagnosis) Ghadami, Mohammad R. FASTING Ghafoornia, Maryam BELL PALSY (epidemiology) Ghait, L.I. WATER Ghallab, Abdel Rahman M. TRITICUM Ghanem, Hala M. CHROMIUM COMPOUNDS (adverse effects) Ghanem, Kadry Z. PLANT OILS (toxicity) Gharibi, T. EDUCATION, MEDICAL, UNDERGRADUATE Ghiasi, Golbarg CLARITHROMYCIN (blood) Ghofrani, M. KETOGENIC DIET Gholami, K. DRUG TOXICITY Ghorbani, A. BREAST NEOPLASMS (epidemiology) Gilchrist, James NATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAMS (organization and administration) Gokce, Fatih M. ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY Gokcil, Zeki ANESTHESIA, SPINAL (adverse effects) Golparvar, Sadegh LYMPHATIC DISEASES (etiology) Goma, Hala M. HYPERTENSION (drug therapy) Gomes, Gabriel Gomes Sabido PERIPHERAL BLOOD STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION (statistics and numerical data) Goraya, Azimullah Asif Jah HEMATOMA, EPIDURAL, CRANIAL (surgery) Govindan, Sujatha ENDOMETRIOSIS (genetics) Gue, T.B. INTERCELLULAR SIGNALING PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS (therapeutic use) Gullenpet, A.H. OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL (complications) Gullulu, Sumeyye CARBOXYLIC ESTER HYDROLASES (blood) Gulmen Senol PROPOFOL (pharmacology) Gurcay, Ahmet G. SPINAL CORD INJURIES (blood) Gurcay, Eda SPINAL CORD INJURIES (blood) Gurpinar, Erol PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING IMEMR Current Contents Author Index   102  Guzman Zapata, Alber POEMS SYNDROME (diagnosis) Habaibeh, Emad CATHETERIZATION, CENTRAL VENOUS (utilization) Habeeb, Yousif Kassim POLYRADICULONEUROPATHY (diagnosis) Habib, Syed S. LIPOPROTEIN [A] (blood) Habibi, M. DYSPEPSIA (epidemiology) Hadadgar, A. CAREER CHOICE Hadidy, Azmy M. PITUITARY GLAND (radiography) Hafeez, Farkhanda GITELMAN SYNDROME (diagnosis) Hafeez, Muhammad ENDOSONOGRAPHY Haghani, F. EDUCATION, MEDICAL Haghighi, M. CORONARY DISEASE Hajinezhad, F. EDUCATION, MEDICAL, UNDERGRADUATE Halileh, S. CHILD ABUSE Hamdan Mansour, Ayman M. NURSES (psychology) Hamdan, M. DISABLED PERSONS Hamdy, Raid M. NERVE FIBERS, MYELINATED (ultrastructure) Hamed, Kamal Eldein NEOPLASMS (therapy) Hamid, A. WOUNDS AND INJURIES (epidemiology) Hammad, A. CEREBELLAR DISEASES (diagnosis) Hamza, Aamir Abdullahi DIABETIC FOOT (therapy) Hanif, Muhamad WOUNDS AND INJURIES (epidemiology) Haq, Irum LYMPHOMA, NON-HODGKIN (diagnosis) Hariga, Ines PARANASAL SINUS DISEASES (surgery) Haroun, Azmi A. PITUITARY GLAND (radiography) Hasan, Qurratulain ENDOMETRIOSIS (genetics) Hashemi, F. TUBERCULOSIS, ENDOCRINE Hashemi, S.M.H. TUBERCULOSIS, ENDOCRINE Hasosah, Mohammed Y. ASPERGILLOSIS (diagnosis) Hassan, Fayyaz ENDOSONOGRAPHY Hassan, H.A. CUCUMOVIRUS (Genetics) Hassan, Hussam Z. BACILLUS (genetics) CORYNEBACTERIUM (genetics) Hassan, Ibrahim F. ANIMALS, DOMESTIC Hassan, Montaha Abdulla BREAST NEOPLASMS Hassanzadeh, Parichehr CYCLOOXYGENASE INHIBITORS (pharmacology) Hassoon, Abbas Fadhel DIARRHEA, INFANTILE (therapy) Hegazy, Ali Mohamad MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (diagnosis) Hegde, Belle M. CELL PHYSIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA Heidari, S. HYPERTENSION (prevention and control) Hemimi, Neveen Salah Eldin PULMONARY DISEASE, CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE (genetics) HYPERTENSION (genetics) Hemmati, N. TUBERCULOSIS, MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT Heshmat, H. COMPOSITE RESINS Heshmatian, Behnam TOCOTRIENOLS (therapeutic use) Hifnawy, T.M. HABITS Holi, M.A. BOTTLE FEEDING Hollisaz, M.T. CEREBRAL PALSY (therapy) Hosny, Omneya M.S. BREAST NEOPLASMS (genetics) Hosseinzadeh, Hossein SALVIA (chemistry) Hubail, Zakariya BETA-THALASSEMIA Hummieda, Sami LABOR, INDUCED IMEMR Current Contents Author Index   103  Hussain, Amro A. LEARNING Hussain, Karamat MYELITIS, TRANSVERSE (diagnosis) Hussain, Naweed SPERMATIC CORD TORSION (surgery) Hussain, Rhadwan NOCTURNAL ENURESIS (epidemiology) Hussain, Salma Muhammad PNEUMONIA, VENTILATOR-ASSOCIATED (diagnosis) Hussain, Tassawar ENDOSONOGRAPHY Hussein, Abbashar CEREBELLAR DISEASES (diagnosis) Hussein, M.E. BOTTLE FEEDING Hussein, Mona H. CARCINOMA, EHRLICH TUMOR (drug therapy) Hyder, Syed Najam PULMONARY ARTERY (abnormalities) Ibrahiem, Magdy M. METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE NADPH2 Ibrahim, Alguili Elsheikh DIABETIC FOOT (therapy) Ibrahim, Fatma El Zahraa A. TRITICUM Ibrahim, Magdy M. PRE-ECLAMPSIA Ibrahim, Maged I. CARCINOMA, EHRLICH TUMOR (drug therapy) Idris, Saadeldin A. NEUROTRANSMITTER AGENTS Ihde, Stefan DENTAL IMPLANTS Imenshahidi, Mohsen SALVIA (chemistry) Intisar ul Haq LYMPHOMA, NON-HODGKIN (diagnosis) Iqbal, Muhammad Pervaiz HEALTH KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, PRACTICE Iqbal, Shafique MISOPROSTOL (therapeutic use) Iqbal, Tehseen TUBERCULOSIS, PULMONARY (epidemiology) Iranmanesh, Farhad DEPRESSION (epidemiology) Isik, Kubilay BONE SUBSTITUTES (therapeutic use) Ismaeil, Wafaa Muhammad BETA-THALASSEMIA (blood) Ismail, Said I. LEUKEMIA, MYELOGENOUS, CHRONIC, BCR-ABL POSITIVE (genetics) Ivanova, Maria Kondeva POSTURAL BALANCE Izadian, Shahla LYMPHATIC DISEASES (etiology) Jabary, M. MOYAMOYA DISEASE (diagnosis) Jackson, Denis GENITAL DISEASES, FEMALE (epidemiology) Jadaon, Mehrez M. DNA (isolation and purification) Jalalah, Sawsan M. NERVE FIBERS, MYELINATED (ultrastructure) Jallad, Dana G. PITUITARY GLAND (radiography) Jamal, Almasad K. SEMINOMA (diagnosis) Jamal, Wafaa DISINFECTION (methods) Jamand, T. EDUCATION, MEDICAL, UNDERGRADUATE Jameie, Seyed B. GENICULATE BODIES (anatomy and histology) Jamil Malik, Rubina HODGKIN DISEASE Jamjoom, H. HELICOBACTER INFECTIONS Jamshidian, S. EDUCATION, MEDICAL Janani, F. NURSING EDUCATION RESEARCH Jarjees, Mohamed T.T. ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE Javad, Hashim NEURONAL MIGRATION DISORDERS (diagnosis) Jelli, Kawther A. CARCINOID TUMOR (complications) Jemikalajah, Johnson D. HIV INFECTIONS (epidemiology) Joseph, Nicey HODGKIN DISEASE Kabbani, Mohamed S. HYPOPLASTIC LEFT HEART SYNDROME (surgery) Kabiraj, Mohammed MYELITIS, TRANSVERSE (diagnosis) Kader, A.A. FECES (microbiology) KAhilo, Khatid A. ANIMALS, DOMESTIC IMEMR Current Contents Author Index   104  Kaliner, Michael A. ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY (education) Kamali, F. EDUCATION, MEDICAL, UNDERGRADUATE Kamath, K.A. FECES (microbiology) Kandeel, A. INJECTIONS Karaoglu, Mehmet A. ANXIETY (epidemiology) Karaoglu, Nazan ANXIETY (epidemiology) Karar, A. MULTIPLE MYELOMA (complications) Kargahi, N. ODONTOGENIC CYST, CALCIFYING (diagnosis) Karim, Enas T.A. POSTNATAL CARE (standards) Karim, Saadiya A. MENOPAUSE Karimzadeh, P. KETOGENIC DIET Karsh, Jacob PEPTIDES, CYCLIC (diagnostic use) Kashgari, Amna A. SPLENOSIS (diagnosis) Kashif, Muhamad SPERMATIC CORD TORSION (surgery) Kayani, Asif Gul THORACIC INJURIES (diagnosis) Kazemi, Babak MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (mortality) Kazemipour, S. CESAREAN SECTION Kazempour, M. TUBERCULOSIS, MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT Kazerani, Hamid Reza VASCULAR RESISTANCE Kececi, Hulusi ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY Kehinde, Elijah O. DISINFECTION (methods) Kelishadi, R. HYPERTENSION (prevention and control) Kella, Nandlal HERNIA, DIAPHRAGMATIC (diagnosis) Khadem, N. ROLE PLAYING Khadivzadeh, T. ROLE PLAYING Khafaga, Yasser HODGKIN DISEASE Khair, Randa Z.A. BREAST NEOPLASMS (diagnosis) Khajedelooie, M. ROLE PLAYING Khalafii, Abdolrasool DYSPEPSIA (epidemiology) Khaledi, A.A.R. CLOTRIMAZOLE (pharmacology) Khaleghinejad, K. PREMARITAL EXAMINATION Khalfalla, K. CEREBELLAR DISEASES (diagnosis) Khalid, Khalid Eltahir RENAL DIALYSIS (adverse effects) INTERCELLULAR SIGNALING PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS (therapeutic use) PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN (blood) Khalid, Mohsen WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE DIABETES MELLITUS (complications) Khalil, Hany ASTHMA (epidemiology) Khalil, Wagdy K.B. PLANT OILS (toxicity) Khalique, Khalid THORACIC INJURIES (diagnosis) Khamassi, Khaled PARANASAL SINUS DISEASES (surgery) Khan, Anwaar A. GASTRIC ANTRAL VASCULAR ECTASIA (therapy) Khan, Iftikhar A. LIVER TRANSPLANTATION (adverse effects) Khan, Safdar G. PNEUMONIA, VENTILATOR-ASSOCIATED (diagnosis) Khanian, M. MOUTH NEOPLASMS Khanjani, H. EDUCATION, MEDICAL, CONTINUING Khatiban, M. NURSING FACULTY PRACTICE Khazaie, Habibolah FASTING Khereba, A.H. CUCUMOVIRUS (Genetics) Khodaeian, N. TOOTH BLEACHING Khodakhast, Fathima DISINFECTION (methods) Khodamoradi, N. DENTAL VENEERS IMEMR Current Contents Author Index   105  Khodavisi, M. EDUCATION, NURSING Khoharo, Haji Khan DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES (epidemiology) Khoramroudi, R. EDUCATION, MEDICAL, UNDERGRADUATE Khorsand, M. MOYAMOYA DISEASE (diagnosis) OCCLUSAL ADJUSTMENT Khosravi, A. HYPERTENSION (prevention and control) Khreisha, Hussein CATHETERIZATION, CENTRAL VENOUS (utilization) Khurshid, Moazzam PNEUMONIA, VENTILATOR-ASSOCIATED (diagnosis) Kirk, Catherine NATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAMS (organization and administration) Kloub, A.G. PATIENT RIGHTS Koc, Filiz MYASTHENIA GRAVIS (diagnosis) Kochiyil, J. MICRONUTRIENTS Kodati, Vijaylakshmi ENDOMETRIOSIS (genetics) Kordofani, A.Y. HOMOCYSTEINE (blood) Kouhestani, H. MEDICATION ERRORS Koul, Roshan L. NEURONAL MIGRATION DISORDERS (diagnosis) Kourorian, Z. DRUG TOXICITY Kucukkolbasi, Hasan BONE SUBSTITUTES (therapeutic use) Kufri, F.H. METABOLIC SYNDROME X (etiology) Kurdi, Mohammad I. LIPOPROTEIN [A] (blood) Lafta, Riyadh K. VIOLENCE (statistics and numerical data) Lari, H. Ansari OCCLUSAL ADJUSTMENT Lehri, Iqbal Ahmed HEMATOMA, EPIDURAL, CRANIAL (surgery) Lehri, Shabir Ahmed HEMATOMA, EPIDURAL, CRANIAL (surgery) Leighl, Natasha CARCINOMA, NON-SMALL-CELL LUNG (therapy) Li, Shi-Ting OCULOMOTOR NERVE (anatomy and histology) Li, Shirong PENILE DISEASES (surgery) Li, Xin-Yuan OCULOMOTOR NERVE (anatomy and histology) Liu, A. INTERCELLULAR SIGNALING PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS (therapeutic use) Liu, Guanghui ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY (education) Lohiniva, A.L. INJECTIONS Lopes, Monalisa PERIPHERAL BLOOD STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION (statistics and numerical data) Louca, Nadia A. OSTEITIS DEFORMANS (therapy) Mabrouk, Naglaa Abdul Zaher BETA-THALASSEMIA (blood) Madkour, Magdy M. LYCOPERSICON ESCULENTUM (genetics) Mafouz, Mohamed H. WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE Magzoub, M.E.M. REFERRAL AND CONSULTATION Mahabadi, Mahmood Khaksari ECHINACEA Mahafza, Waleed S. PITUITARY GLAND (radiography) Maher, Menerva BIOMPHLARIA (analysis) Mahmodi, E. TOOTH EROSION (epidemiology) Mahmoud, Amany Abdel Ghaffar CHROMIUM COMPOUNDS (adverse effects) Mahmoudi, J. PSYCHIATRIC STATUS RATING SCALES Mahmoudirad, G. EDUCATION, NURSING Mahoney, F. INJECTIONS Mahran, Nevien A. DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1 (complications) Mahvelati, F. KETOGENIC DIET Mahyar, A. BLOOD PRESSURE Malekzadeh, R. BREAST NEOPLASMS (epidemiology) Malik, Kashif GASTRIC ANTRAL VASCULAR ECTASIA (therapy) IMEMR Current Contents Author Index   106  Malk, M. CEREBELLAR DISEASES (diagnosis) Mangeli, M. PREGNANCY Mangeli, S. PREGNANCY Mansoor, Samina GENITAL DISEASES, FEMALE (epidemiology) Mansour, Magdy URETHRAL OBSTRUCTION (diagnosis) Mansouri, D. TUBERCULOSIS, MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT Mansuri, Farah Asad MENOPAUSE Masjedi, M.R. TUBERCULOSIS, MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT Maspero, Jorge ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY (education) Massad, Diana MAMMOGRAPHY (utilization) Massumoto, Celso LYMPHOMA, MANTLE-CELL (diagnosis) Matlani, Bhajan Lal HEALTH KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, PRACTICE Mattar, Essam H. KLEBSIELLA INFECTIONS (epidemiology) Mazaheri, F. CORONARY DISEASE Mbarek, Chiraz PARANASAL SINUS DISEASES (surgery) Mediouni, Azza PARANASAL SINUS DISEASES (surgery) Mehboob, Khadija ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL (pharmacology) Mehboob, Zara ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL (pharmacology) Mehdi, Sabih Salih DIARRHEA, INFANTILE (therapy) Mehjoub, T. FACTOR V (genetics) Mehryar, A.H. CESAREAN SECTION Memarzadeh, M. EDUCATION, MEDICAL Meng, You-Qiang OCULOMOTOR NERVE (anatomy and histology) Messahel, Farouk M. SAFETY MANAGEMENT Minhas, Fareed Aslam DEPRESSION, POSTPARTUM (epidemiology) Mirghani, M. TUBERCULOSIS (history) Mirsaeidi, M. TUBERCULOSIS, MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT Mirzaei, K. EDUCATION, MEDICAL, UNDERGRADUATE Miskeen, Elhadi RENAL DIALYSIS (adverse effects) INTERCELLULAR SIGNALING PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS (therapeutic use) PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN (blood) Moaath, Alsmady M. SEMINOMA (diagnosis) Moattari, M. BREAST SELF-EXAMINATION Mogheib, Reda A. CARCINOMA, EHRLICH TUMOR (drug therapy) Moghim, Sharareh STAPHYLOCOCCAL VACCINES (chemical synthesis) Moghimi Dehkordi, Bijan DYSPEPSIA (epidemiology) Mohamed, Abdelrahim Osman VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR (blood) Mohamed, Adam CEREBELLAR DISEASES (diagnosis) Mohamed, Aida Ali Ahmed RENAL DIALYSIS (adverse effects) Mohamed, El Gaili RENAL DIALYSIS (adverse effects) Mohamed, Mahassen A. CUCUMOVIRUS (Genetics) Mohammadi, A. MENINGITIS (epidemiology) Mohammadi, E. MENINGITIS (epidemiology) Mohammadi, E. Qurban NURSING EDUCATION RESEARCH Mohammadi, M. TUBERCULOSIS, ENDOCRINE Mohammadi, M.R. PSYCHIATRIC STATUS RATING SCALES Mohammed, Mohammed Ibrahim ABDOMEN, ACUTE (diagnosis) Mohammed, Samy H. PRE-ECLAMPSIA METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE NADPH2 Mohammed, Tareq M.M.A. HEMOSIDEROSIS (diagnosis) Moharramzad Yashar HEART NEOPLASMS (diagnosis) IMEMR Current Contents Author Index   107  Mohd, Elgaili PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN (blood) Mohmadani, Ahmed Abdallah RENAL DIALYSIS (adverse effects) Molabashi, R. EDUCATION, MEDICAL Molazem, Z. EDUCATION, NURSING Mondragon Arismendi, Maria Cecilia POEMS SYNDROME (diagnosis) Moon, Hee Bom ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY (education) Moreira Leite, Katia R. LYMPHOMA, MANTLE-CELL (diagnosis) Morsy, Mohamed Mofeed BETA-THALASSEMIA Morsy, Mohamed Mofeed F. BETA-THALASSEMIA Mortazavi, V. TOOTH BLEACHING Mosalem, Doahoo M. POSTURAL BALANCE Moshref, M. ODONTOGENIC CYST, CALCIFYING (diagnosis) Mostafa, Mohamed Mostafa Abdelwahab LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, SYSTEMIC (diagnosis) Mostafa, Salah ASTHMA (epidemiology) Motallebnejad, M.M. MOUTH NEOPLASMS Motamedi Mohammad Hasan Kalantar HEART NEOPLASMS (diagnosis) Motamedi, Mohammad Hosein Kalantar HEART NEOPLASMS (diagnosis) Mothana, Azal BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS (enzymology) Mounce, Richard E. ROOT CANAL THERAPY Mousavi, Seyyed Yousof VASCULAR RESISTANCE Moustafa, A.E. PRE-ECLAMPSIA Movahedian, Bijan BELL PALSY (epidemiology) Muhammad, Iyad Naeem PEFLOXACIN (blood) Mujalliy, Murshidi M. SEMINOMA (diagnosis) Mujeeb, Faiza DEPRESSION, POSTPARTUM (epidemiology) Muneer, Ather DEPRESSION, POSTPARTUM (epidemiology) Murshidi, Mujalli M. DEXMEDETOMIDINE (pharmacology) Musa M.I, Mohamed T. BREAST NEOPLASMS (diagnosis) Musa, Abdalla S. DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2 (diagnosis) Musa, H.A. BOTTLE FEEDING Mutlu, Necip BONE SUBSTITUTES (therapeutic use) Muzaffar, Rana GENITAL DISEASES, FEMALE (epidemiology) Nabulsi, Basem CATHETERIZATION, CENTRAL VENOUS (utilization) Nader, Albsoul M. SEMINOMA (diagnosis) Naeimi, Mohammad LYMPHATIC DISEASES (etiology) Nagarajan, Venkatesan THYYROTOXICOSIS (diagnosis) Naghavi, M. CESAREAN SECTION Nagi, Nadeem NATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAMS (organization and administration) Najm, Hani K. HYPOPLASTIC LEFT HEART SYNDROME (surgery) Nakagawa, Takemasa ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY (education) Namazi, M.R. INDOMETHACIN (therapeutic use) Namdar, H. MODELS, NURSING Naqvi, Hassan Raza GENITAL DISEASES, FEMALE (epidemiology) Naqvi, Syed Baqir Shyum PEFLOXACIN (blood) Naseem, Arshad RESPIRATORY PARALYSIS (etiology) Nasr, Mohsen LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, SYSTEMIC (diagnosis) Nasr, Mona Ramadan BETA-THALASSEMIA (blood) Naveed, Abdul Khaliq DYSLIPIDEMIAS (diagnosis) ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL (pharmacology) IMEMR Current Contents Author Index   108  Nie, H. INTERCELLULAR SIGNALING PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS (therapeutic use) Niknam, M. COMPOSITE RESINS Nikzad, S. DENTAL VENEERS Nizamani, Naseer M. GENITAL DISEASES, FEMALE (epidemiology) Nizami, Asad Tamiz ud Din DEPRESSION, POSTPARTUM (epidemiology) Noor, Asim PNEUMONIA, VENTILATOR-ASSOCIATED (diagnosis) Noorbakhsh, M. CORONARY DISEASE Nosir, Youssef F. HEART DISEASES (diagnosis) Nouraie, M. BREAST NEOPLASMS (epidemiology) Nsoor, Nariman BRAIN NEOPLASMS (diagnosis) Obeid, Amani CARCINOMA, ACINAR CELL (diagnosis) Okogun, Godwin Ray A. HIV INFECTIONS (epidemiology) Olam, Zakia BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS (enzymology) Omar, Belal WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE DIABETES MELLITUS (complications) Omar, Hanaa S. TOBACCO (genetics) Omer, Nawal Eltayeb VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR (blood) Omran, M.R. Salehi MIDAZOLAM (pharmacology) Omran, Mustafa PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN (blood) Orken, Cihat MYASTHENIA GRAVIS (diagnosis) Osoba, A.O. MULTIPLE MYELOMA (complications) Ozdabakoglu, Osman CARBOXYLIC ESTER HYDROLASES (blood) Ozdemir, Bulent CARBOXYLIC ESTER HYDROLASES (blood) Oznurlu, Yasemin BONE SUBSTITUTES (therapeutic use) Pajoumand, A. EDUCATION, MEDICAL, CONTINUING Pakfetrat, A. CANDIDIASIS, CHRONIC MUCOCUTANEOUS (diagnosis) Patel, Umang J. INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM (surgery) Pazargadi, M. NURSING FACULTY PRACTICE Pervaiz, Aftab Ahmed THORACIC INJURIES (diagnosis) Pintilie, Melania CARCINOMA, NON-SMALL-CELL LUNG (therapy) Poirier, Susan NATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAMS (organization and administration) Potter, Paul C. ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY (education) Pouladi, S. EDUCATION, MEDICAL, UNDERGRADUATE Pourhoseingholi, Asma DYSPEPSIA (epidemiology) Pourhoseingholi, Mohamad A. DYSPEPSIA (epidemiology) Pourpak, Z. DRUG TOXICITY Pourshahidi, S. BURNING MOUTH SYNDROME (drug therapy) Pourshanazari, Aliasghar TOCOTRIENOLS (therapeutic use) Qarata, Ebrahim PEMPHIGOID GESTATIONIS (diagnosis) Qayyum, Kanwal GENITAL DISEASES, FEMALE (epidemiology) Qmar, Belal WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE Qureshi, Fatima DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES (epidemiology) Qureshi, Mohammad Ali HERNIA, DIAPHRAGMATIC (diagnosis) Qureshi, N.A. REFERRAL AND CONSULTATION Qureshi, Naseem A. SELF MUTILATION Radwan, E. INJECTIONS Raghupathy, Raj PREGNANCY (immunology) Rahmani, A. MODELS, NURSING Rahmani, Y. BLOOD PRESSURE IMEMR Current Contents Author Index   109  Rahmo, Abdulkader TUBERCULOSIS (diagnosis) Rajab, Khalid Kareem DUODENUM (injuries) Ramadan, Kholoud S. BETA-THALASSEMIA (blood) Ramezani, M.A. HYPERTENSION (prevention and control) Ramezani, T. PREGNANCY Ramsay, Micheal A. DEXMEDETOMIDINE (pharmacology) Ramzy, Fatem BIOMPHLARIA (analysis) Randhawa, Mohammad A. BENZOQUINONES (therapeutic use) Ranjbar, M.A. CLOTRIMAZOLE (pharmacology) Rao, Kaipa Prabhakar ENDOMETRIOSIS (genetics) Rao, Shahid Irshad METFORMIN (therapeutic use) Rasekh, A. PREMARITAL EXAMINATION Rasoolinejad, M. DRUG TOXICITY Rassem, Mahmoud W. HYPERTHYROIDISM (diagnosis) Rathi, Prem Kumar HERNIA, DIAPHRAGMATIC (diagnosis) Refaat, A. CIRCUMCISION, FEMALE Rehan, N. GENITAL DISEASES, FEMALE (epidemiology) Rezaeian, M. PUBLIC HEALTH Rezaii Yazdi, Z. LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, SYSTEMIC (diagnosis) Riazul Haq, Muhamad SPERMATIC CORD TORSION (surgery) Richard, G. CAREER CHOICE Robinsong, Martin NATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAMS (organization and administration) Rosenwasser, Lanny J. ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY (education) Rotimi, Vincent O. DISINFECTION (methods) Saadat, S. PSYCHIATRIC STATUS RATING SCALES Saadatnia, Mohammad BELL PALSY (epidemiology) ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS (diagnosis) Sabbah, Rajeh, S. HODGKIN DISEASE Sabouri, M. CAREER CHOICE Sadat Ali, M. OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL (complications) Sadeghi, Hamid Mirmohammad STAPHYLOCOCCAL VACCINES (chemical synthesis) Sadeghi, M. CORONARY DISEASE Sadeghnia, Hamid Reza SALVIA (chemistry) Sadiq, Masood PULMONARY ARTERY (abnormalities) Sadjadi, A. BREAST NEOPLASMS (epidemiology) Sadri, Gh. HYPERTENSION (prevention and control) Saeed, Osman K. INTERCELLULAR SIGNALING PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS (therapeutic use) Saeed, Sadia PULMONARY ARTERY (abnormalities) Safaee, Azaaeh DYSPEPSIA (epidemiology) Safaei, Homan FASTING Safari M. EDUCATION, NURSING Sahsah, Mohammed DISINFECTION (methods) Sajid, Tanveer LYMPHOMA, NON-HODGKIN (diagnosis) Salamat, Amjad ENDOSONOGRAPHY Salameh, P. JOB SATISFACTION Salem, Ehab M. METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE NADPH2 Salem, R.M. YOGHURT DAIRY PRODUCTS (microbiology) EGGS Sallam, Mohamed A. DERMATITIS, ATOPIC Salman, Salman A. ARTHRITIS, INFECTIOUS (diagnosis) IMEMR Current Contents Author Index   110  Samini, F. SPINAL CORD INJURIES (complications) Sanatkhani, M. CANDIDIASIS, CHRONIC MUCOCUTANEOUS (diagnosis) Sankhla, Dilip K. NEURONAL MIGRATION DISORDERS (diagnosis) Saraf, A. TOOTH EROSION (epidemiology) Sarandol, Emre CARBOXYLIC ESTER HYDROLASES (blood) Sarayrah, Majed CATHETERIZATION, CENTRAL VENOUS (utilization) Sargolzaie, S. ODONTOGENIC CYST, CALCIFYING (diagnosis) Sarrafzadegan, N. HYPERTENSION (prevention and control) Sarrafzadegann, N. CORONARY DISEASE Satti, Maria M. Hamad VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR (blood) Sboo, Ibraheem CATHETERIZATION, CENTRAL VENOUS (utilization) Schmidt, H.G. REFERRAL AND CONSULTATION Seddighi, A. BRAIN ABSCESS (radiography) Seddighi, A.S. BRAIN ABSCESS (radiography) Senol, Yesim PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING Senturk, Tunay CARBOXYLIC ESTER HYDROLASES (blood) Seoudi, Dina M. DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1 (complications) Seyedin, A. Vaghar EDUCATION, NURSING Seyrafi, H. EDUCATION, MEDICAL, CONTINUING Shafqat, Farzana GASTRIC ANTRAL VASCULAR ECTASIA (therapy) Shah, Mian Munawar HAND INJURIES (diagnosis) Shah, Waqar GASTRIC ANTRAL VASCULAR ECTASIA (therapy) Shahabi, Ghorbanali NATURAL CYTOTOXICITY TRIGGERING RECEPTOR 2 Shaheen, Kareem Y. DERMATITIS, ATOPIC Shahrivar, Z. PSYCHIATRIC STATUS RATING SCALES Shahsavari, A. BLOOD PRESSURE Shaik, Noor Ahmad ENDOMETRIOSIS (genetics) Shaikh, Imran Ali DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES (epidemiology) Shalayel, Mohammed H.F. NEUROTRANSMITTER AGENTS Shalchi, M.H.A. LASERS, SOLID-STATE Shamsoddini, A.R. CEREBRAL PALSY (therapy) Sharaf, Ahmed. N. ORYZA SATIVA (genetics) Sharif, Karam Kamal Y. INTESTINAL VOLVULUS (diagnosis) Sharifi, Amin LYMPHATIC DISEASES (etiology) Sheikh, Manzoor PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC (diagnosis) Sheikh, Mushtaq PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC (diagnosis) Shikeiri, A.B. BOTTLE FEEDING Shirani, S. HYPERTENSION (prevention and control) Shirazi, M. EDUCATION, MEDICAL, CONTINUING Shirzad, Hedayatollah NATURAL CYTOTOXICITY TRIGGERING RECEPTOR 2 Shoaib, Harris PEFLOXACIN (blood) Siddique, Khalid THORACIC INJURIES (diagnosis) Siddique, Shazia METFORMIN (therapeutic use) Siddiqui, Khawar S. HODGKIN DISEASE Sidhom, Gloria G. BREAST NEOPLASMS (genetics) Sidig, A. CEREBELLAR DISEASES (diagnosis) Singh, Raj K. OXIDATIVE STRESS Singh, Ranjana OXIDATIVE STRESS IMEMR Current Contents Author Index   111  Singh, Sushma OXIDATIVE STRESS Slama, A. FACTOR V (genetics) Slama, F.B.H. FACTOR V (genetics) Smith, Charles D. PEPTIDES, CYCLIC (diagnostic use) Soares, Priscila PERIPHERAL BLOOD STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION (statistics and numerical data) Sohrabi, Bahram MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (mortality) Soliman, Mohamed H. TOBACCO (genetics) Soliman, Mona M. LIPOPROTEIN [A] (blood) Soomro, Farooque Rehman HEALTH KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, PRACTICE Sousa Canavez, Juliana M. LYMPHOMA, MANTLE-CELL (diagnosis) Sun, W. INTERCELLULAR SIGNALING PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS (therapeutic use) Surrun, Soondal Koomar LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, SYSTEMIC (diagnosis) Syed, Shakir HAND INJURIES (diagnosis) Tabarestani, S. KETOGENIC DIET Tabarsi, P. TUBERCULOSIS, MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT Tabatabaei, H. BREAST SELF-EXAMINATION Tabatabaeifar, S.M. BRAIN ABSCESS (radiography) Tadbir, A. Andisheh BURNING MOUTH SYNDROME (drug therapy) Tageldin, Mohamed A. ASTHMA (epidemiology) Taghadosinejad, F. EDUCATION, MEDICAL, CONTINUING Taghdiri, M.M. MOYAMOYA DISEASE (diagnosis) Taghi, S. EDUCATION, NURSING Taghipour, Hamid Reza HEART NEOPLASMS (diagnosis) Taha, Mahmoud S. INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM (surgery) Taher, M.T. TUBERCULOSIS, ENDOCRINE Tahmasian, Masoud FASTING Taj Eldin, Imad M. DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1 (diet therapy) Taj, Nergis MISOPROSTOL (therapeutic use) Takrouri, A.A. WATER Talaat, M. INJECTIONS Talebi, M. TOOTH EROSION (epidemiology) Talebi, S. LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, SYSTEMIC (diagnosis) Talebian, M. EDUCATION, MEDICAL, CONTINUING Tamimi, Omar R. HYPOPLASTIC LEFT HEART SYNDROME (surgery) Tao, Ling PENILE DISEASES (surgery) Tardieu, Philippe DENTAL IMPLANTATION (methods) Tareen, Muhamad Saleh HEMATOMA, EPIDURAL, CRANIAL (surgery) Taseer, Ijaz-ul-Haque ASCITES (etiology) Taspinar, Vildan ANESTHESIA, SPINAL (adverse effects) Tehranidoost, M. PSYCHIATRIC STATUS RATING SCALES Teixeira, Elen Rose PERIPHERAL BLOOD STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION (statistics and numerical data) Telatar, B. ANTHROPOMETRY Telatar, Benin ANEMIA (complications) Teleb, Zakaria A. CARCINOMA, EHRLICH TUMOR (drug therapy) Thomas, L. MICRONUTRIENTS Tireli, Hulya MYASTHENIA GRAVIS (diagnosis) Tofighi, H. EDUCATION, MEDICAL, CONTINUING Tonekaboni, S.H. KETOGENIC DIET IMEMR Current Contents Author Index   112  Torkaman, B. EDUCATION, NURSING Torok, N.I. METABOLIC SYNDROME X (etiology) Toulabi, T. NURSING EDUCATION RESEARCH Tripathi, Anil K. OXIDATIVE STRESS Tripathi, Payal OXIDATIVE STRESS Tuffaha, Amjad S. FOREIGN BODIES (diagnosis) Tutkavul, Kemal MYASTHENIA GRAVIS (diagnosis) Umair, Bilal THORACIC INJURIES (diagnosis) Unal, Nedim HISTORY OF MEDICINE Usmani, Asma Tanvir DEPRESSION, POSTPARTUM (epidemiology) Uz Zaman, Fasseh WOUNDS AND INJURIES (epidemiology) Vakilian, Alireza DEPRESSION (epidemiology) van der Molen, H.T. REFERRAL AND CONSULTATION Vanaki, Z. EDUCATION, NURSING Vandenberg, Theodore NATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAMS (organization and administration) Varzi, Hossein Najafzadeh ECHINACEA Vaz de Macedo, Antonio PERIPHERAL BLOOD STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION (statistics and numerical data) Velayati, Arash LYMPHATIC DISEASES (etiology) Vieira, Monica PERIPHERAL BLOOD STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION (statistics and numerical data) Vitrinel, A. ANTHROPOMETRY Vitrinel, Ayca ANEMIA (complications) Vojdani, M. CLOTRIMAZOLE (pharmacology) Vural, Huseyin PROPOFOL (pharmacology) Waheed, Palvasha DYSLIPIDEMIAS (diagnosis) Wall, Sami H. LIVER TRANSPLANTATION (adverse effects) Wang, Xu-Hui OCULOMOTOR NERVE (anatomy and histology) Wang, Zhenxiang PENILE DISEASES (surgery) William, Ranjan R. NEURONAL MIGRATION DISORDERS (diagnosis) William, Samia BIOMPHLARIA (analysis) Wu, Julong PENILE DISEASES (surgery) Yang, Dongyun PENILE DISEASES (surgery) Yang, Min OCULOMOTOR NERVE (anatomy and histology) Yassin, I.H. METABOLIC SYNDROME X (etiology) Yavuz, Lutfi PROPOFOL (pharmacology) Yazdani, Rahmatolah STAPHYLOCOCCAL VACCINES (chemical synthesis) Yazdanpanah, S. EDUCATION, MEDICAL, UNDERGRADUATE Yerdelen, Deniz MYASTHENIA GRAVIS (diagnosis) Yilmaz, Funda PROPOFOL (pharmacology) Yosif, Nasrden INTERCELLULAR SIGNALING PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS (therapeutic use) Younis, Ali CEREBELLAR DISEASES (diagnosis) Yousefie, A.R. CAREER CHOICE Yuksel, Gulbun MYASTHENIA GRAVIS (diagnosis) Zadeh, Delavar Shahbaz STAPHYLOCOCCAL VACCINES (chemical synthesis) Zaghloul, Ashraf S. BREAST NEOPLASMS (genetics) Zahmatkeshan, N. EDUCATION, MEDICAL, UNDERGRADUATE Zaki, A.M. TUBERCULOSIS (history) Zalata, Khaled LIVER NEOPLASMS (diagnosis) Zali, Mohammad R. DYSPEPSIA (epidemiology) Zamanzad, Behnam NATURAL CYTOTOXICITY TRIGGERING RECEPTOR 2 IMEMR Current Contents Author Index   113  Zangiabadi, M. BREAST SELF-EXAMINATION Zare, Mohammad ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS (diagnosis) Zeid, Farghal A. TRITICUM Zein, H.S. CUCUMOVIRUS (Genetics) Zeyinlou, A. EDUCATION, MEDICAL, CONTINUING Zhang, J.Z. INTERCELLULAR SIGNALING PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS (therapeutic use) Zhi, Song EPILEPSY (chemically induced) Zhu, Ning-Xi OCULOMOTOR NERVE (anatomy and histology) Zhu, Shu-Gan OCULOMOTOR NERVE (anatomy and histology) Zhuo, Qinqiang PENILE DISEASES (surgery) Zibaei, M. CLOTRIMAZOLE (pharmacology) Zomorodian, K. CLOTRIMAZOLE (pharmacology) Zribi, Sara PARANASAL SINUS DISEASES (surgery) Zuraiki, A.M. MULTIPLE MYELOMA (complications)

  Appendix II List of EMR Journals Indexed in IMEMR (by country)

IMEMR Current Contents EMR Journals List   117 BAHRAIN (3) Arab Journal for Food and Nutrition 1608-8352 Bahrain Medical Bulletin 1012-8298 JBMS - Journal of the Bahrain Medical Society 1015-6321 EGYPT (130) AAMJ - Al-Azhar Assiut Medical Journal * 1687-1693 African Journal of Urology 1110-5704 Afro - Arab Liver Journal 1687-224X Ain-Shams Journal of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology * 1687-1030 Ain-Shams Medical Journal 0002-2144 AJAIC - Alexandria Journal of Anaesthesia and Insentive Care N/A Al Azhar Medical Journal 1110-0400 Al-Azhar Journal of Dental Science * N/A Alexandria Dental Journal * 1110-015X Alexandria Journal of Food Science and Technology N/A Alexandria Journal of Hepatogastroenterology 2090-1879 Alexandria Journal of Pediatrics N/A Alexandria Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences * 1110-1792 Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Science 1110-2047 Alexandria Medical Journal [The] * 0516-5849 Annals of Pediatric Surgery 1687-4137 Arab Journal of Biotechnology 1110-6875 Arab Journal of Gastroenterology 1687-1979 Arab Journal of Laboratory Medicine [The] 1110-1822 Applied Endocrinology in Egypt 1110-1776 ASJOG - Ain Shams Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology * 1687-2193 New New IMEMR Current Contents EMR Journals List   118 ASNJ - Alexandria Scientific Nursing Journal N/A Assiut Medical Journal 1110-0494 Assiut University Bulletin for Environmental Researches 1110-6107 Benha Medical Journal 1110-208X Bulletin of Alexandria Faculty of Medicine 1110-0834 Bulletin of Alexandria Thoracic Association * N/A Bulletin of Faculty of Pharmacy - Cairo University 1110-0931 Bulletin of Faculty of Physical Therapy - Cairo University 1110-6611 Bulletin of High Institute of Public Health 1110-0036 Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences - Assiut University 1110-0052 Bulletin of the Faculty of Science - University of Alexandria * 0568-9619 Bulletin of the National Nutrition Institute of the Arab Republic of Egypt N/A Bulletin of the National Research Centre 1110-0591 Bulletin of the Ophthalmological Society of Egypt * 1110-0982 Childhood and Development Quarterly * 1110-8681 Clinical Diabetes 0891-8929 Eastern Mediterranean Region Drugs Digest 1040-2312 Eastern Mediterranean Region Epidemiological Bulletin 1014-2347 EDJ - Egyptian Dental Journal 0070-9484 Egyptian Heart Journal [The] 1110-2608 Egyptian Journal of Anatomy [The] * 1110-2144 Egyptian Journal of Biomedical Engineering * 1012-5558 Egyptian Journal of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering 1110-8525 Egyptian Journal of Bronchology [The] 1687-8426 Egyptian Journal of Chemistry 0449-2285 Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine 1110-1865 Egyptian Journal of Dermatology and Andrology * 1110-7650 IMEMR Current Contents EMR Journals List   119 Egyptian Journal of Diabetes [The] N/A Egyptian Journal of Food Science 1110-0613 Egyptian Journal of Genetics and Cytology * N/A Egyptian Journal of Histology [The] 1110-0559 Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine [The] 1687-2002 Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics [The] 1110-8630 Egyptian Journal of Medical Laboratory Sciences 1110-5593 Egyptian Journal of Medical Microbiology * 1110-2179 Egyptian Journal of Microbiology 0022-2704 Egyptian Journal of Neonatology [The] * N/A Egyptian Journal of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery [The] 1110-1083 Egyptian Journal of Nutrition N/A Egyptian Journal of Nutrition and Health N/A Egyptian Journal of Occupational Medicine * 1110-1881 Egyptian Journal of Otolaryngology [The] 1012-5574 Egyptian Journal of Paediatrics [The] 1687-1677 Egyptian Journal of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology [The] 1687-1642 Egyptian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences [The] 0301-5068 Egyptian Journal of Physiological Sciences * 0301-8660 Egyptian Journal of Psychiatry [The] * 1110-1105 Egyptian Journal of Schistosomiasis and Infectious and Endemic Diseases 1110-7278 Egyptian Journal of Surgery [The] 1110-1121 Egyptian Journal of Urology * 1110-5712 Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Science 1110-0222 Egyptian Medical Journal of the National Research Center * 1687-1278 Egyptian Orthodontic Journal * N/A Egyptian Orthopaedic Journal [The] 1110-1148 IMEMR Current Contents EMR Journals List   120 Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal [National Research Center] 1687-4315 Egyptian Population and Family Planning Review [The] N/A Egyptian Rheumatology and Rehabilitation 1110-161X Egyptian Science Magazine [The] 1687-3815 EJB - Egyptian Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology [The] 1687-1502 EJENTAS - Egyptian Journal of ENT and Allied Sciences 2090-0740 Scientific Journal of El-Minia Faculty of Medicine [The] 1110-2446 EMHJ - Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 1020-3397 EMJ - Egyptian Medical Journal [The] * 1110-0095 Gazette of the Egyptian Paediatric Association [The] * 1110-6638 Health Services Journal of the Eastern Mediterranean Region * 1014-9899 JESN - Journal of the Egyptian Society of Nephrology N/A Journal of Childhood Studies 2090-0619 Journal of Drug Research of Egypt 0085-2406 Journal of Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases * 1110-0796 Journal of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences[The] 1110-6468 Journal of the Arab Society for Medical Research 1687-4293 Journal of the Egyptian Medical Association [The] * 0013-2411 Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute 1110-0362 Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association [The] N/A Journal of the Egyptian Society of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes [The] N/A Journal of the Egyptian Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology [The] * 0258-3216 Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology 1110-0583 Journal of the Egyptian Society of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics [The] * N/A Journal of the Egyptian Society of Toxicology 1110-127X Journal of the Medical Research Institute - Alexandria University * 1110-0133 JPC - Journal of Pediatric Club N/A IMEMR Current Contents EMR Journals List   121 Kasr El Aini Journal of Surgery N/A Kidney Forum * 1369-3050 Mansoura Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 1110-1318 Mansoura Medical Journal 1110-211X Medical Journal of Ahmed Maher Teaching Hospital [The] * N/A Medical Journal of Cairo University [The] 0045-3803 Medical Journal of Teaching Hospitals and Institutes [The] * 1110-2039 Minoufia Medical Journal 1110-2098 MJFCT - Mansoura Journal of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology * 1110-5437 National Cancer Institute Journal 0027-8874 Neonatology * 1687-0492 New Egyptian Journal of Medicine [The] 1110-1946 Pan Arab Journal of Orthopaedic and Trauma [The] 1607-4912 Population Researches and Studies N/A Population Sciences * N/A Population Studies * 1110-1342 PUJ - Parasitologists United Journal 1687-7942 Scientific Journal of Al-Azhar Medical Faculty [Girls] [The] * 1110-2381 Scientific Medical Journal 1110-5607 South Valley Medical Journal 1110-7529 Suez Canal University Medical Journal 1110-6999 Tanta Medical Journal * 1110-1415 Tanta Medical Sciences Journal 1687-5788 Veterinary Medical Journal 1110-1423 Zagazig Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology 1687-160X Zagazig Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences * 1110-5089 Zagazig Medical Association Journal * 1110-2322 IMEMR Current Contents EMR Journals List   122 Zagazig University Medical Journal * 1110-1431 IRAQ (29) Al-Kindy College Medical Journal 1810-9543 Almustansiriya Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences * 1815-0993 Annals of the College of M0edicine - Mosul * 0027-1446 Basrah Journal of Surgery * N/A Bulletin of Endemic Diseases - Baghdad * 0007-4845 DMJ - Dohuk Medical Journal 2071-7326 IMJ - Iraqi Medical Journal 0304-4564 IOJ - Iraqi Orthodontic Journal 1816-0581 IPMJ - Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal * 1608-8360 Iraqi Army Medical Journal * N/A Iraqi Journal of Biotechnology * N/A Iraqi Journal of Community Medicine * 1684-5382 Iraqi Journal of Medical Sciences * 1681-6579 Iraqi Journal of Microbiology * N/A Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences * N/A Iraqi Journal of Tropical Disease Researches * 1814-0823 Journal of Basic and Medical Sciences * 1608-6015 Journal of Community Medicine * N/A Journal of Dohuk University * 1812-7568 Journal of Karbala University * 1813-0410 Journal of the College of Dentistry - Baghdad * N/A Journal of the Faculty of Medicine - Baghdad 0041-9419 Kufa Medical Journal * N/A Medical Journal of Basrah University [The] 0253-0759 Medical Journal of Tikrit University [The] * N/A IMEMR Current Contents EMR Journals List   123 New Iraqi Journal of Medicine [The] 1817-5562 Risafa Medical Journal * N/A Scientific Nursing Journal N/A Zanco Journal for Medical Sciences * N/A ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN (136) Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 Advances in Cognitives Sciences * 1561-4174 Archives of Iranian Medicine 1029-2977 Armaghane-danesh 1728-6506 ARYA Atherosclerosis Journal 1735-3955 Audiology 1735-1936 Bina Journal of Ophthalmology 1026-6399 DARU - Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy Tehran University of Medical Sciences 1560-8115 DENA - Quarterly Journal of Yasuj Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery 1735-8450 DRJ - Dental Research Journal 1735-3327 Endovascular Journal 2008-1812 Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery Quarterly - Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services 1605-8941 Govaresh 1560-7186 HAKIM Research Journal 1561-252X HAYAT - The Journal of Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery 1735-2215 Health Information Management 1735-1847 Hepatitis Monthly 1735-143X Homa-ye-Salamat 2008-2002 Hormozgan Medical Journal 1735-2223 IBJ - Iranian Biomedical Journal 1028-852X IEJ - Iranian Endodontic Journal 1735-7497 IJCN - Iranian Journal of Child Neurology 1735-4668 IMEMR Current Contents EMR Journals List   124 IJEM - Iranian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism 1683-4844 IJHOSCR - International Journal of Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Research* 1735-1243 IJI - Iranian Journal of Immunology 1735-1383 IJKD - Iranian Journal of Kidney Diseases 1735-8582 IJME - Iranian Journal of Medical Education 1608-9359 IJMS - Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences 0253-0716 IJO - Iranian Journal of Orthodontics 1735-5087 IJPR - Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research * 1735-0328 IJVR - International Journal of Veterinary Research 2008-2533 International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism 1726-9148 International Journal of Environmental Research 1735-6865 International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 1735-1472 Iran Journal of Nursing 1025-0581 Iranian Cardiovascular Research Journal 1735-885X Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 Iranian Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases 1735-7179 Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences 1608-6015 Iranian Journal of Biotechnology 1728-3043 Iranian Journal of Cancer Prevention 2008-2398 Iranian Journal of Clinical Infectious Diseases N/A Iranian Journal of Dermatology 0021-082X Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Lipid Disorders 1726-7544 Iranian Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering 1735-1979 Iranian Journal of Epidemiology 1735-7489 Iranian Journal of Fertility and Sterility 1735-8094 Iranian Journal of Health and Environment 2008-2029 Iranian Journal of Medical Microbiology 1735-8612 New IMEMR Current Contents EMR Journals List   125 Iranian Journal of Nuclear Medicine 1681-2824 Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research [IJNMR] 1735-9066 Iranian Journal of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology 1735-7756 Iranian Journal of Obstetric, Gynecology and Infertility [The] N/A Iranian Journal of Ophthalmology 1735-4153 Iranian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology 1560-1293 Iranian Journal of Parasitology 1735-7020 Iranian Journal of Pediatrics 1018-4406 Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences 1735-8639 Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology (ANDEESHEH VA RAFTAR) 1024-0047 Iranian Journal of Public Health 0304-4556 Iranian Journal of Radiation Research 1728-4554 Iranian Journal of Radiology 1735-1065 Iranian Journal of Reproductive Medicine N/A Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research 1728-1997 Iranian Rehabilitation Journal 1735-3602 JDT - Journal of Dentistry Tehran University of Medical Sciences 1735-2150 JMR - Journal of Medical Research * 1728-1962 Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences - Rahavard Danesh N/A Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences 1561-4107 Journal of Dental Research, Dental Clinics, Dental Prospects N/A Journal of Dental Medicine - Tehran University of Medical Sciences 1024-641X Journal of Dental School - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences 1735-7683 Journal of Dentistry - Shiraz University of Medical Sciences 1728-3426 Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health 1028-6918 Journal of Gorgan University of Medical Sciences 1562-4765 IMEMR Current Contents EMR Journals List   126 Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences 1028-6055 Journal of Health Administration N/A Journal of Hygiene and Health 1735-2363 Journal of Iranian Anatomical Sciences 1728-6158 Journal of Isfahan Dental School 1735-255X Journal of Isfahan Medical School 1027-7595 Journal of Islamic Dental Association of Iran [The] 1024-6428 Journal of Jahrom University of Medical Sciences 1735-5168 Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences 1023-9510 Journal of Mashad Dental School 1560-9286 Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences 1561-4123 Journal of Medical Council of Islamic Republic of Iran 1562-1073 Journal of Medical Education N/A Journal of Medical Science - Islamic Azad University of Mashhad 1735-7594 Journal of Medicinal Plants 1684-0240 Journal of Ophthalmic and Vision Research 2008-2010 Journal of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences and Health Services [The] 1561-3666 Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences 1735-3165 Journal of Rehabilitation 1607-2960 Journal of Research in Behavioural Sciences 1735-2029 Journal of Research in Health Sciences (JRHS) 1682-2765 Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 1735-5311 Journal of Sabzevar School of Medical Sciences 1606-7487 Journal of Shaheed Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services 1562-272X Journal of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences 1735-1448 Journal of Tehran University Heart Center [The] 1735-8620 Journal of Veterinary Research 1022-646X New New New New New IMEMR Current Contents EMR Journals List   127 Journal of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences 1735-076X Journal of Zanjan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services 1606-9366 Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology (JJM) N/A JRMS - Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 1735-1995 KOOMESH - Journal of Semnan University of Medical Sciences 1608-7046 Medical Journal of Mashad University of Medical Sciences N/A Medical Journal of Reproduction and Infertility 1726-7536 Medical Journal of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences and Health Services 1608-5671 Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran * 1016-1430 Medical Sciences Journal of Islamic Azad University 1023-5922 Modares Journal of Medical Sciences 1562-9554 Nursing and Midwifery Research 1753-5001 Ofogh-E-Danesh 1735-1855 Payesh - Health Monitor 1680-7626 Pejouhandeh: Bimonthly Research Journal 1735-1022 Qom University of Medical Sciences 1735-7799 Quarterly Journal of Medical Ethics N/A Salmand: Iranian Journal of Aging 1735-806X Scientific Journal of Iranian Blood [The] 1027-9520 Scientific and Research Journal of Army University of Medical Sciences - J.A.U.M.S 1727-1789 Scientific Journal of Forensic Medicine 1027-1457 Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences 1560-652X Scientific Journal of School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research 1735-7586 Scientific Medical Journal - Quarterly Medical Research Journal Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences 1026-8960 New IMEMR Current Contents EMR Journals List   128 SHAMS - Journal of Medical Sciences N/A Social Welfare Quarterly N/A Strides in Development of Medical Education 1735-4242 Tanaffos 1735-0344 Tehran University Medical Journal [TUMJ] 1735-7322 Toloo-e-Behdasht 1728-5127 Urology Journal 1735-1308 Yafteh Journal 1563-0773 Yakhteh Medical Journal 1561-4921 JORDAN (9) Arab Journal of Psychiatry [The] 1016-8923 Dirasat 1026-3772 Jordan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 1995-7157 Jordan Medical Journal 0446-9283 Journal of the Royal Medical Services N/A Medical Journal of Islamic World Academy of Sciences 1016-3360 Pan Arab Medical Journal * N/A Population Bulletin of ESCWA * 0258-1914 Smile Dental Journal 2072-473X KUWAIT (4) Bulletin of the Kuwait Institute for Medical Specialization N/A KMJ - Kuwait Medical Journal 0023-5776 Medical Arabization N/A Medical Principles and Practice 1011-7571 LEBANON (9) ACES - Actualites Cliniques et Scientifiques 1683-8068 AJU - Arab Journal of Urology N/A IMEMR Current Contents EMR Journals List   129 Arab Dental Journal * N/A JLDA - Journal of the Lebanese Dental Association 1810-9632 Journal of the Arab Neonatology Forum * 1812-1756 Lebanese Science Journal 1561-3410 LMJ - Lebanese Medical Journal 0023-9852 Middle East Journal of Anesthesiology 0544-0440 Middle East Journal of Family Medicine N/A LIBYAN ARAB JAMAHIRYA (6) DMJ - Derna Medical Journal N/A Garyounis Medical Journal * 0254-7198 JMJ - Jamahiriya Medical Journal N/A Libyan Journal of Infectious Diseases [The] N/A LJM - Libyan Journal of Medicine 1819-6357 Tabib Attifil Alarabi * N/A MOROCCO (6) Bulletin Epidemiologique * 0851-8238 Journal du Practicien * 1113-5667 Maroc Medical 0025-4053 Revue Marocaine de Chirurgie Orthopedique et Traumatologique N/A Revue Marocaine de Medecine et de Sante 0251-0758 Revue Marocaine des Maladies de L'Enfant * N/A OMAN (3) Oman Journal of Ophthalmology 0974-620X Oman Medical Journal N/A SQUMJ - Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal 2075-051X PAKISTAN (67) Anaesthesia, Pain and Intensive Care 1607-8322 IMEMR Current Contents EMR Journals List   130 Annals Abbassi Shaheed Hospital and Karachi Medical and Dental College 1563-3241 Annals of Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre - Karachi * N/A Annals of King Edward Medical College 1684-6680 Bahria Journal of Professional Psychology 1816-0840 Biomedica N/A Challenge - Quarterly [The] * 0528-7944 Community Medicine * 0301-7265 Diabetes Digest 1369-7501 GJMS - Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences 1819-7973 Hamdard Medicus 0250-7188 Infectious Disease Journal of Pakistan 1027-0299 International Journal of Pathology 1810-0155 JAMC - Journal of Ayub Medical College - Abbotabad - Pakistan 1025-9589 JCPSP - Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan 1022-386X JDUHS - Journal of the Dow University of Health Sciences 1995-2198 JLUMHS - Journal of the Liaquat University of Medical Health Sciences 1729-0341 JMS - Journal of Medical Sciences N/A JOPDAK - Journal of the Pakistan Dental Association Karachi * N/A Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences N/A Journal of Medical Sciences 1682-4474 Journal of Nephrology Urology and Transplantation * N/A Journal of Surgery [The] * 1681-4517 JPAD - Journal of Pakistan Association of Dermatologists 1560-9014 JPDA - Journal of the Pakistan Dental Association 1680-2292 JPIMS - Journal of Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences * 1683-6928 JPMA - Journal of Pakistan Medical Association 0030-9982 JPMI - Journal of Postgraduate Medicale Institute 1013-5472 IMEMR Current Contents EMR Journals List   131 JPPS - Journal of Pakistan Psychiatric Society 1726-8710 JSP - Journal of Surgery Pakistan International 1817-0242 Lahore Journal of Public Health * N/A Medical Channel 1681-5491 Medical Forum Monthly 1029-385X Medical Spectrum [The] * 0254-8534 Medicine Today 1813-9876 Mother and Child * 0379-2617 KMJ - KUST Medical Journal 2072-7763 PAFMJ - Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal 0030-9648 Pakistan Heart Journal 0048-2706 Pakistan Journal of Biochemistry * 0300-8185 Pakistan Journal of Chest Medicine N/A Pakistan Journal of Clinical Psychology 1019-438X Pakistan Journal of Community Medicine [The] * N/A Pakistan Journal of Health * N/A Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Services 1996-7195 Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences 1682-024X Pakistan Journal of Neurology * N/A Pakistan Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology N/A Pakistan Journal of Ophthalmology 0886-3067 Pakistan Journal of Orthodontics, Pediatric and Community Dentistry * 1608-134X Pakistan Journal of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 0257-4985 Pakistan Journal of Pathology N/A Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 1011-601X Pakistan Journal of Pharmacology 0255-7088 Pakistan Journal of Physiology 1819-270X New IMEMR Current Contents EMR Journals List   132 Pakistan Journal of Psychology 0030-9869 Pakistan Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research * 0030-9885 Pakistan Medical Journal * 0031-000X Pakistan Ophthalmology * 0259-3661 Pakistan Oral and Dental Journal 1012-8700 Pakistan Paediatric Journal 0304-4904 PJC - Pakistan Journal of Cardiology 1016-1244 PJMR - Pakistan Journal of Medical Research 0030-9842 PJS - Pakistan Journal of Surgery 0258-8552 Proceedings N/A Professional Medical Journal - Quarterly [The] 1024-8919 PALESTINE (3) Al-Quds Medical Journal * N/A Annals of Alquds Medicine 1815-2643 PMJ - Palestinian Medical Journal N/A QATAR (4) Gulf Journal of Dermatology and Venereology [The] * N/A Heart Views 1995-705X JEMTAC - Journal of Emergency Medicine, Trauma & Acute Care 1995-4522 Qatar Medical Journal 0253-8253 SAUDI ARABIA (27) Annals of Saudi Medicine 0256-4947 Annals of Thoracic Medicine 1817-1737 Hematology, Oncology and stem Cell Therapy 1658-3876 International Journal of Diabetes Mellitus 1877-5934 International Journal of Health Sciences N/A Joint Centre for Research in Prosthetics and Orthotics [The] * N/A New New IMEMR Current Contents EMR Journals List   133 Journal of Family and Community Medicine 1319-1683 Journal of Infection and Public Health 1876-0341 Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences 1658-3612 Journal of King Abdulaziz University - Medical Sciences * 1319-1004 Journal of the Saudi Heart Association 1319-9218 MEAJO - Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmolgy 0974-9233 Neurosciences N/A Pan Arab Journal of Neurosurgery 1319-6995 Rehabilitation International * N/A Research Centre Bulletin * 1019-5335 Saudi Epidemiology Bulletin 1319-3965 Saudi Heart Journal * 1018-077X Saudi Journal of Disability and Rehabilitation * 1319-6499 Saudi Journal of Gastroenterology [The] 1319-3767 SJO - Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology 1319-4534 Saudi Journal of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Head and Neck Surgery [The] * 1319-8491 Saudi Journal of Sports Medicine [The] * 1319-6308 Saudi Medical Journal 0379-5284 SDJ - Saudi Dental Journal [The] 1013-9052 SGH Medical Journal 1658-2489 SPJ - Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal 1319-0164 SUDAN (9) Gezira Journal of Health Sciences N/A JMJ - Juba Medical Journal * N/A Khartoum Pharmacy Journal * N/A Omdurman Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences N/A Sudan Journal of Medical Sciences N/A IMEMR Current Contents EMR Journals List   134 Sudan Medical Journal * 0491-4481 Sudan Medical Monitor 1858-5000 Sudanese Journal of Dermatology N/A SJPH - Sudanese Journal of Public Health N/A SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC (10) Al-Majallah Al-Tibbiya Al-Arabiayh * N/A Arab Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 1683-0369 Arabic Journal of Forensic Medicine and Criminal Science N/A Damascus University Journal for Health Sciences N/A JABHS - Journal of the Arab Board of Health Specializations 1561-0217 JISHIM - Journal of the International Society for the History of Islamic Medicine 1303-667X Journal of Clinical Laboratory [The] N/A Journal of the Arab Board of Medical Specializations 1561-0217 Journal of the Arab Dentist * N/A Research Journal of Aleppo University - Medical Sciences Series N/A TUNISIA (9) Archives de l'Institut Pasteur de Tunis 0020-2509 Cahier Medicaux de Tunisie * 0300-5291 IDEES - Revue de Perfectionnement Medical et Paramedical * N/A Maghreb Medical 0330-258X Revue Maghrebine de Pediatrie [La] 0330-7611 Revue Maghrebine d'Endocrinologie - Diabete et de Reproduction [La] N/A Revue Tunisienne d'Infectiologie N/A SST - Sante et Securite au Travail N/A Tunisie Medicale [La] 0041-4131 New IMEMR Current Contents EMR Journals List   135 UNITED ARAB EMIRATES (3) EMJ - Emirates Medical Journal 0250-6882 International Journal of Diabetes and Metabolism 1606-7754 IRCMJ - Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal 1561-4395 YEMEN (7) Journal of Tropical Nephro-Urology N/A Sana'a University Medical Sciences * N/A University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 1606-8947 Yemeni Journal for Medical Sciences [The] * N/A YHMRJ - Yemeni Health and Medical Research Journal N/A YJMHR-Yemeni Journal of Medical and Health Research * N/A YMJ - Yemen Medical Journal * N/A * No issues received since 2005 Last update March 2010

  Appendix III List of EMR Journals Indexed in IMEMR (by title)

IMEMR Current Contents EMR Journals List   139 No. Journal Title ISSN 1 AAMJ - Al-Azhar Assiut Medical Journal * 1687-1693 2 ACES - Actualites Cliniques et Scientifiques 1683-8068 3 Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 4 Advances in Cognitives Sciences * 1561-4174 5 African Journal of Urology 1110-5704 6 Afro - Arab Liver Journal 1687-224X 7 Ain-Shams Journal of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology* 1687-1030 8 Ain-Shams Medical Journal 0002-2144 9 AJAIC - Alexandria Journal of Anaesthesia and Insentive Care N/A 10 AJU - Arab Journal of Urology N/A 11 Al Azhar Medical Journal 1110-0400 12 Al-Azhar Journal of Dental Science * N/A 13 Alexandria Dental Journal * 1110-015X 14 Alexandria Journal of Food Science and Technology N/A 15 Alexandria Journal of Hepatogastroenterology 2090-1879 16 Alexandria Journal of Pediatrics N/A 17 Alexandria Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences * 1110-1792 18 Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Science 1110-2047 19 Alexandria Medical Journal [The] * 0516-5849 20 Al-Kindy College Medical Journal 1810-9543 21 Al-Majallah Al-Tibbiya Al-Arabiayh * N/A 22 Almustansiriya Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences * 1815-0993 23 Al-Quds Medical Journal * N/A 24 Anaesthesia, Pain and Intensive Care 1607-8322 25 Annals Abbassi Shaheed Hospital and Karachi Medical and Dental College 1563-3241 26 Annals of Alquds Medicine 1815-2643   New IMEMR Current Contents EMR Journals List   140 No. Journal Title ISSN 27 Annals of Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre - Karachi * N/A 28 Annals of King Edward Medical College 1684-6680 29 Annals of Pediatric Surgery 1687-4137 30 Annals of Saudi Medicine 0256-4947 31 Annals of the College of Medicine - Mosul * 0027-1446 32 Annals of Thoracic Medicine 1817-1737 33 Applied Endocrinology in Egypt 1110-1776 34 Arab Dental Journal * N/A 35 Arab Journal for Food and Nutrition 1608-8352 36 Arab Journal of Biotechnology 1110-6875 37 Arab Journal of Gastroenterology 1687-1979 38 Arab Journal of Laboratory Medicine [The] 1110-1822 39 Arab Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 1683-0369 40 Arab Journal of Psychiatry [The] 1016-8923 41 Arabic Journal of Forensic Medicine and Criminal Science N/A 42 Archives de l'Institut Pasteur de Tunis 0020-2509 43 Archives of Iranian Medicine 1029-2977 44 Armaghane-danesh 1728-6506 45 ARYA Atherosclerosis Journal 1735-3955 46 ASJOG - Ain Shams Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology * 1687-2193 47 ASNJ - Alexandria Scientific Nursing Journal N/A 48 Assiut Medical Journal 1110-0494 49 Assiut University Bulletin for Environmental Researches 1110-6107 50 Audiology 1735-1936 51 Bahrain Medical Bulletin 1012-8298 52 Bahria Journal of Professional Psychology 1816-0840   New IMEMR Current Contents EMR Journals List   141 No. Journal Title ISSN 53 Basrah Journal of Surgery * N/A 54 Benha Medical Journal 1110-208X 55 Bina Journal of Ophthalmology 1026-6399 56 Biomedica N/A 57 Bulletin Epidemiologique * 0851-8238 58 Bulletin of Alexandria Faculty of Medicine 1110-0834 59 Bulletin of Alexandria Thoracic Association * N/A 60 Bulletin of Endemic Diseases - Baghdad * 0007-4845 61 Bulletin of Faculty of Pharmacy - Cairo University 1110-0931 62 Bulletin of Faculty of Physical Therapy - Cairo University 1110-6611 63 Bulletin of High Institute of Public Health 1110-0036 64 Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences - Assiut University 1110-0052 65 Bulletin of the Faculty of Science - University of Alexandria * 0568-9619 66 Bulletin of the Kuwait Institute for Medical Specialization N/A 67 Bulletin of the National Nutrition Institute of the Arab Republic of Egypt N/A 68 Bulletin of the National Research Centre 1110-0591 69 Bulletin of the Ophthalmological Society of Egypt * 1110-0982 70 Cahier Medicaux de Tunisie * 0300-5291 71 Challenge - Quarterly [The] * 0528-7944 72 Childhood and Development Quarterly * 1110-8681 73 Clinical Diabetes 0891-8929 74 Community Medicine * 0301-7265 75 Damascus University Journal for Health Sciences N/A 76 DARU - Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy Tehran University of Medical Sciences 1560-8115 77 DENA - Quarterly Journal of Yasuj Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery 1735-8450 IMEMR Current Contents EMR Journals List   142 No. Journal Title ISSN 78 Diabetes Digest 1369-7501 79 Dirasat 1026-3772 80 DMJ - Derna Medical Journal N/A 81 DMJ - Dohuk Medical Journal 2071-7326 82 DRJ - Dental Research Journal 1735-3327 83 Eastern Mediterranean Region Drugs Digest 1040-2312 84 Eastern Mediterranean Region Epidemiological Bulletin 1014-2347 85 EDJ - Egyptian Dental Journal 0070-9484 86 Egyptian Heart Journal [The] 1110-2608 87 Egyptian Journal of Anatomy [The] * 1110-2144 88 Egyptian Journal of Biomedical Engineering * 1012-5558 89 Egyptian Journal of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering 1110-8525 90 Egyptian Journal of Bronchology [The] 1687-8426 91 Egyptian Journal of Chemistry 0449-2285 92 Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine 1110-1865 93 Egyptian Journal of Dermatology and Andrology * 1110-7650 94 Egyptian Journal of Diabetes [The] N/A 95 Egyptian Journal of Food Science 1110-0613 96 Egyptian Journal of Genetics and Cytology * N/A 97 Egyptian Journal of Histology [The] 1110-0559 98 Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine [The] 1687-2002 99 Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics [The] 1110-8630 100 Egyptian Journal of Medical Laboratory Sciences 1110-5593 101 Egyptian Journal of Medical Microbiology * 1110-2179 102 Egyptian Journal of Microbiology 0022-2704 103 Egyptian Journal of Neonatology [The] * N/A IMEMR Current Contents EMR Journals List   143 No. Journal Title ISSN 104 Egyptian Journal of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery [The] 1110-1083 105 Egyptian Journal of Nutrition N/A 106 Egyptian Journal of Nutrition and Health N/A 107 Egyptian Journal of Occupational Medicine * 1110-1881 108 Egyptian Journal of Otolaryngology [The] 1012-5574 109 Egyptian Journal of Paediatrics [The] 1687-1677 110 Egyptian Journal of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology [The] 1687-1642 111 Egyptian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences [The] 0301-5068 112 Egyptian Journal of Physiological Sciences * 0301-8660 113 Egyptian Journal of Psychiatry [The] * 1110-1105 114 Egyptian Journal of Schistosomiasis and Infectious and Endemic Diseases 1110-7278 115 Egyptian Journal of Surgery [The] 1110-1121 116 Egyptian Journal of Urology * 1110-5712 117 Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Science 1110-0222 118 Egyptian Medical Journal of the National Research Center * 1687-1278 119 Egyptian Orthodontic Journal * N/A 120 Egyptian Orthopaedic Journal [The] 1110-1148 121 Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal [National Research Center] 1687-4315 122 Egyptian Population and Family Planning Review [The] N/A 123 Egyptian Rheumatology and Rehabilitation 1110-161X 124 Egyptian Science Magazine [The] 1687-3815 125 EJB - Egyptian Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology [The] 1687-1502 126 EJENTAS - Egyptian Journal of ENT and Allied Sciences 2090-0740 127 Scientific Journal of El-Minia Faculty of Medicine [The] 1110-2446 128 EMHJ - Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 1020-3397 129 EMJ - Emirates Medical Journal 0250-6882   IMEMR Current Contents EMR Journals List   144 No. Journal Title ISSN 130 EMJ - Egyptian Medical Journal [The] * 1110-0095 131 Endovascular Journal 2008-1812 132 Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery Quarterly - Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services 1605-8941 133 Garyounis Medical Journal * 0254-7198 134 Gazette of the Egyptian Paediatric Association [The] * 1110-6638 135 Gezira Journal of Health Sciences N/A 136 GJMS - Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences 1819-7973 137 Govaresh 1560-7186 138 Gulf Journal of Dermatology and Venereology [The] * N/A 139 HAKIM Research Journal 1561-252X 140 Hamdard Medicus 0250-7188 141 HAYAT - The Journal of Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery 1735-2215 142 Health Information Management 1735-1847 143 Health Services Journal of the Eastern Mediterranean Region * 1014-9899 144 Heart Views 1995-705X 145 Hematology, Oncology and stem Cell Therapy 1658-3876 146 Hepatitis Monthly 1735-143X 147 Homa-ye-Salamat 2008-2002 148 Hormozgan Medical Journal 1735-2223 149 IBJ - Iranian Biomedical Journal 1028-852X 150 IDEES - Revue de Perfectionnement Medical et Paramedical * N/A 151 IEJ - Iranian Endodontic Journal 1735-7497 152 IJCN - Iranian Journal of Child Neurology 1735-4668 153 IJEM - Iranian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism 1683-4844 154 IJHOSCR - International Journal of Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Research* 1735-1243   IMEMR Current Contents EMR Journals List   145 No. Journal Title ISSN 155 IJI - Iranian Journal of Immunology 1735-1383 156 IJKD - Iranian Journal of Kidney Diseases 1735-8582 157 IJME - Iranian Journal of Medical Education 1608-9359 158 IJMS - Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences 0253-0716 159 IJO - Iranian Journal of Orthodontics 1735-5087 160 IJPR - Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research * 1735-0328 161 IJVR - International Journal of Veterinary Research 2008-2533 162 IMJ - Iraqi Medical Journal 0304-4564 163 Infectious Disease Journal of Pakistan 1027-0299 164 International Journal of Diabetes and Metabolism 1606-7754 165 International Journal of Diabetes Mellitus 1877-5934 166 International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism 1726-9148 167 International Journal of Environmental Research 1735-6865 168 International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 1735-1472 169 International Journal of Health Sciences N/A 170 International Journal of Pathology 1810-0155 171 IOJ - Iraqi Orthodontic Journal 1816-0581 172 IPMJ - Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal * 1608-8360 173 Iran Journal of Nursing 1025-0581 174 Iranian Cardiovascular Research Journal 1735-885X 175 Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 176 Iranian Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases 1735-7179 177 Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences 1608-6015 178 Iranian Journal of Biotechnology 1728-3043 179 Iranian Journal of Cancer Prevention 2008-2398 180 Iranian Journal of Clinical Infectious Diseases N/A   New New New IMEMR Current Contents EMR Journals List   146 No. Journal Title ISSN 181 Iranian Journal of Dermatology 0021-082X 182 Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Lipid Disorders 1726-7544 183 Iranian Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering 1735-1979 184 Iranian Journal of Epidemiology 1735-7489 185 Iranian Journal of Fertility and Sterility 1735-8094 186 Iranian Journal of Health and Environment 2008-2029 187 Iranian Journal of Medical Microbiology 1735-8612 188 Iranian Journal of Nuclear Medicine 1681-2824 189 Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research [IJNMR] 1735-9066 190 Iranian Journal of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology 1735-7756 191 Iranian Journal of Obstetric, Gynecology and Infertility [The] N/A 192 Iranian Journal of Ophthalmology 1735-4153 193 Iranian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology 1560-1293 194 Iranian Journal of Parasitology 1735-7020 195 Iranian Journal of Pediatrics 1018-4406 196 Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 197 Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences 1735-8639 198 Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology (ANDEESHEH VA RAFTAR) 1024-0047 199 Iranian Journal of Public Health 0304-4556 200 Iranian Journal of Radiation Research 1728-4554 201 Iranian Journal of Radiology 1735-1065 202 Iranian Journal of Reproductive Medicine N/A 203 Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research 1728-1997 204 Iranian Rehabilitation Journal 1735-3602 205 Iraqi Army Medical Journal * N/A IMEMR Current Contents EMR Journals List   147 No. Journal Title ISSN 206 Iraqi Journal of Biotechnology * N/A 207 Iraqi Journal of Community Medicine * 1684-5382 208 Iraqi Journal of Medical Sciences * 1681-6579 209 Iraqi Journal of Microbiology * N/A 210 Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences * N/A 211 Iraqi Journal of Tropical Disease Researches * 1814-0823 212 IRCMJ - Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal 1561-4395 213 JABHS - Journal of the Arab Board of Health Specializations 1561-0217 214 JAMC - Journal of Ayub Medical College - Abbotabad - Pakistan 1025-9589 215 JBMS - Journal of the Bahrain Medical Society 1015-6321 216 JCPSP - Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan 1022-386X 217 JDT - Journal of Dentistry Tehran University of Medical Sciences 1735-2150 218 JDUHS - Journal of the Dow University of Health Sciences 1995-2198 219 JESN - Journal of the Egyptian Society of Nephrology N/A 220 JISHIM - Journal of the International Society for the History of Islamic Medicine 1303-667X 221 JLDA - Journal of the Lebanese Dental Association 1810-9632 222 JLUMHS - Journal of the Liaquat University of Medical Health Sciences 1729-0341 223 JMJ - Jamahiriya Medical Journal N/A 225 JMJ - Juba Medical Journal * N/A 224 JMR - Journal of Medical Research * 1728-1962 226 JMS - Journal of Medical Sciences N/A 227 Joint Centre for Research in Prosthetics and Orthotics [The] * N/A 228 JOPDAK - Journal of the Pakistan Dental Association Karachi * N/A 229 Jordan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 1995-7157 230 Jordan Medical Journal 0446-9283 New IMEMR Current Contents EMR Journals List   148 No. Journal Title ISSN 231 Journal du Practicien * 1113-5667 232 Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences - Rahavard Danesh N/A 233 Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences 1561-4107 234 Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences N/A 235 Journal of Basic and Medical Sciences * 1608-6015 236 Journal of Childhood Studies 2090-0619 237 Journal of Clinical Laboratory [The] N/A 238 Journal of Community Medicine * N/A 239 Journal of Dental Research, Dental Clinics, Dental Prospects N/A 240 Journal of Dental Medicine - Tehran University of Medical Sciences 1024-641X 241 Journal of Dental School - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences 1735-7683 242 Journal of Dentistry - Shiraz University of Medical Sciences 1728-3426 243 Journal of Dohuk University * 1812-7568 244 Journal of Drug Research of Egypt 0085-2406 245 Journal of Family and Community Medicine 1319-1683 246 Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health 1028-6918 247 Journal of Gorgan University of Medical Sciences 1562-4765 248 Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences 1028-6055 249 Journal of Health Administration N/A 250 Journal of Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases * 1110-0796 251 Journal of Hygiene and Health 1735-2363 252 Journal of Infection and Public Health 1876-0341 253 Journal of Iranian Anatomical Sciences 1728-6158 254 Journal of Isfahan Dental School 1735-255X 255 Journal of Isfahan Medical School 1027-7595 256 Journal of Islamic Dental Association of Iran [The] 1024-6428   New New IMEMR Current Contents EMR Journals List   149 No. Journal Title ISSN 257 Journal of Jahrom University of Medical Sciences 1735-5168 258 Journal of Karbala University * 1813-0410 259 Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences 1023-9510 260 Journal of King Abdulaziz University - Medical Sciences * 1319-1004 261 Journal of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences[The] 1110-6468 262 Journal of Mashad Dental School 1560-9286 263 Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences 1561-4123 264 Journal of Medical Council of Islamic Republic of Iran 1562-1073 265 Journal of Medical Education N/A 266 Journal of Medical Sciences 1682-4474 267 Journal of Medical Science - Islamic Azad University of Mashhad 1735-7594 268 Journal of Medicinal Plants 1684-0240 269 Journal of Nephrology Urology and Transplantation * N/A 270 Journal of Ophthalmic and Vision Research 2008-2010 271 Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences 1735-3165 272 Journal of Rehabilitation 1607-2960 273 Journal of Research in Behavioural Sciences 1735-2029 274 Journal of Research in Health Sciences (JRHS) 1682-2765 275 Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 1735-5311 276 Journal of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences and Health Services [The] 1561-3666 277 Journal of Sabzevar School of Medical Sciences 1606-7487 278 Journal of Shaheed Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services 1562-272X 279 Journal of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences 1735-1448 280 Journal of Surgery [The] * 1681-4517 281 Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences 1658-3612 New New New IMEMR Current Contents EMR Journals List   150 No. Journal Title ISSN 282 Journal of Tehran University Heart Center [The] 1735-8620 283 Journal of the Arab Board of Medical Specializations 1561-0217 284 Journal of the Arab Dentist * N/A 285 Journal of the Arab Neonatology Forum * 1812-1756 286 Journal of the Arab Society for Medical Research 1687-4293 287 Journal of the College of Dentistry - Baghdad * N/A 288 Journal of the Egyptian Medical Association [The] * 0013-2411 289 Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute 1110-0362 290 Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association [The] N/A 291 Journal of the Egyptian Society of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes [The] N/A 292 Journal of the Egyptian Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology [The] * 0258-3216 293 Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology 1110-0583 294 Journal of the Egyptian Society of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics [The] * N/A 295 Journal of the Egyptian Society of Toxicology 1110-127X 296 Journal of the Faculty of Medicine - Baghdad 0041-9419 297 Journal of the Medical Research Institute - Alexandria University * 1110-0133 298 Journal of the Royal Medical Services N/A 299 Journal of the Saudi Heart Association 1319-9218 300 Journal of Tropical Nephro-Urology N/A 301 Journal of Veterinary Research 1022-646X 302 Journal of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences 1735-076X 303 Journal of Zanjan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services 1606-9366 304 Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology (JJM) N/A 305 JPAD - Journal of Pakistan Association of Dermatologists 1560-9014 306 JPC - Journal of Pediatric Club N/A   IMEMR Current Contents EMR Journals List   151 No. Journal Title ISSN 307 JPDA - Journal of the Pakistan Dental Association 1680-2292 308 JPIMS - Journal of Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences * 1683-6928 309 JPMA - Journal of Pakistan Medical Association 0030-9982 310 JPMI - Journal of Postgraduate Medicale Institute 1013-5472 311 JPPS - Journal of Pakistan Psychiatric Society 1726-8710 312 JRMS - Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 1735-1995 313 JSP - Journal of Surgery Pakistan International 1817-0242 314 Kasr El Aini Journal of Surgery N/A 315 Khartoum Pharmacy Journal * N/A 316 Kidney Forum * 1369-3050 317 KMJ - KUST Medical Journal 2072-7763 318 KMJ - Kuwait Medical Journal 0023-5776 319 KOOMESH - Journal of Semnan University of Medical Sciences 1608-7046 320 Kufa Medical Journal * N/A 321 Lahore Journal of Public Health * N/A 322 Lebanese Science Journal 1561-3410 323 Libyan Journal of Infectious Diseases [The] N/A 324 LJM - Libyan Journal of Medicine 1819-6357 325 LMJ - Lebanese Medical Journal 0023-9852 326 Maghreb Medical 0330-258X 327 Mansoura Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 1110-1318 328 Mansoura Medical Journal 1110-211X 329 Maroc Medical 0025-4053 330 Medical Arabization N/A 331 Medical Channel 1681-5491 332 Medical Forum Monthly 1029-385X   New IMEMR Current Contents EMR Journals List   152 No. Journal Title ISSN 333 Medical Journal of Ahmed Maher Teaching Hospital [The] * N/A 334 Medical Journal of Basrah University [The] 0253-0759 335 Medical Journal of Cairo University [The] 0045-3803 336 Medical Journal of Islamic World Academy of Sciences 1016-3360 337 Medical Journal of Mashad University of Medical Sciences N/A 338 Medical Journal of Reproduction and Infertility 1726-7536 339 Medical Journal of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences and Health Services 1608-5671 340 Medical Journal of Teaching Hospitals and Institutes [The] * 1110-2039 341 Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran * 1016-1430 342 Medical Journal of Tikrit University [The] * N/A 343 Medical Principles and Practice 1011-7571 344 Medical Sciences Journal of Islamic Azad University 1023-5922 345 Medical Spectrum [The] * 0254-8534 346 Medicine Today 1813-9876 347 MEAJO - Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmolgy 0974-9233 348 Middle East Journal of Anesthesiology 0544-0440 349 JEMTAC - Journal of Emergency Medicine, Trauma & Acute Care 1995-4522 350 Middle East Journal of Family Medicine N/A 351 Minoufiya Medical Journal 1110-2098 352 MJFCT - Mansoura Journal of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology * 1110-5437 353 Modares Journal of Medical Sciences 1562-9554 354 Mother and Child * 0379-2617 355 National Cancer Institute Journal 0027-8874 356 Neonatology * 1687-0492 357 Neurosciences N/A 358 New Egyptian Journal of Medicine [The] 1110-1946   IMEMR Current Contents EMR Journals List   153 No. Journal Title ISSN 359 Journal of Medicine [The] 1817-5562 360 Nursing and Midwifery Research 1753-5001 361 Ofogh-E-Danesh 1735-1855 362 Oman Journal of Ophthalmology 0974-620X 363 Oman Medical Journal N/A 364 Omdurman Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences N/A 365 PAFMJ - Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal 0030-9648 366 Pakistan Heart Journal 0048-2706 367 Pakistan Journal of Biochemistry * 0300-8185 368 Pakistan Journal of Chest Medicine N/A 369 Pakistan Journal of Clinical Psychology 1019-438X 370 Pakistan Journal of Community Medicine [The] * N/A 371 Pakistan Journal of Health * N/A 372 Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Services 1996-7195 373 Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences 1682-024X 374 Pakistan Journal of Neurology * N/A 375 Pakistan Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology N/A 376 Pakistan Journal of Ophthalmology 0886-3067 377 Pakistan Journal of Orthodontics, Pediatric and Community Dentistry * 1608-134X 378 Pakistan Journal of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 0257-4985 379 Pakistan Journal of Pathology N/A 380 Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 1011-601X 381 Pakistan Journal of Pharmacology 0255-7088 382 Pakistan Journal of Physiology 1819-270X 383 Pakistan Journal of Psychology 0030-9869 384 Pakistan Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research * 0030-9885   IMEMR Current Contents EMR Journals List   154 No. Journal Title ISSN 385 Pakistan Medical Journal * 0031-000X 386 Pakistan Ophthalmology * 0259-3661 387 Pakistan Oral and Dental Journal 1012-8700 388 Pakistan Paediatric Journal 0304-4904 389 Pan Arab Journal of Neurosurgery 1319-6995 390 Pan Arab Journal of Orthopaedic and Trauma [The] 1607-4912 391 Pan Arab Medical Journal * N/A 392 Payesh - Health Monitor 1680-7626 393 Pejouhandeh: Bimonthly Research Journal 1735-1022 394 PJC - Pakistan Journal of Cardiology 1016-1244 395 PJMR - Pakistan Journal of Medical Research 0030-9842 396 PJS - Pakistan Journal of Surgery 0258-8552 397 PMJ - Palestinian Medical Journal N/A 398 Population Bulletin of ESCWA * 0258-1914 399 Population Researches and Studies N/A 400 Population Sciences * N/A 401 Population Studies * 1110-1342 402 Proceedings N/A 403 Professional Medical Journal - Quarterly [The] 1024-8919 404 PUJ - Parasitologists United Journal 1687-7942 405 Qatar Medical Journal 0253-8253 406 Qom University of Medical Sciences 1735-7799 407 Quarterly Journal of Medical Ethics N/A 408 Rehabilitation International * N/A 409 Research Centre Bulletin * 1019-5335 410 Research Journal of Aleppo University - Medical Sciences Series N/A   IMEMR Current Contents EMR Journals List   155 No. Journal Title ISSN 411 Revue Maghrebine de Pediatrie [La] 0330-7611 412 Revue Maghrebine d'Endocrinologie - Diabete et de Reproduction [La] N/A 413 Revue Marocaine de Chirurgie Orthopedique et Traumatologique N/A 414 Revue Marocaine de Medecine et de Sante 0251-0758 415 Revue Marocaine des Maladies de L'Enfant * N/A 416 Revue Tunisienne d'Infectiologie N/A   417 Risafa Medical Journal * N/A 418 RMJ - Rawal Medical Journal 0303-5212 419 Salmand: Iranian Journal of Aging 1735-806X 420 Sana'a University Medical Sciences * N/A 421 Saudi Epidemiology Bulletin 1319-3965 422 Saudi Heart Journal * 1018-077X 423 Saudi Journal of Disability and Rehabilitation * 1319-6499 424 Saudi Journal of Gastroenterology [The] 1319-3767 425 SJO - Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology 1319-4534 426 Saudi Journal of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Head and Neck Surgery [The] * 1319-8491 427 Saudi Journal of Sports Medicine [The] * 1319-6308 428 Saudi Medical Journal 0379-5284 429 Scientific and Research Journal of Army University of Medical Sciences - J.A.U.M.S 1727-1789 430 Scientific Journal of Al-Azhar Medical Faculty [Girls] [The] * 1110-2381 431 Scientific Journal of Forensic Medicine 1027-1457 432 Scientific Journal of Iranian Blood [The] 1027-9520 433 Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences 1560-652X 434 Scientific Journal of School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research 1735-7586 435 Scientific Medical Journal 1110-5607   IMEMR Current Contents EMR Journals List   156 No. Journal Title ISSN 436 Scientific Medical Journal - Quarterly Medical Research Journal Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences 1026-8960 437 Scientific Nursing Journal N/A 438 SDJ - Saudi Dental Journal [The] 1013-9052 439 SGH Medical Journal 1658-2489 440 SHAMS - Journal of Medical Sciences N/A 441 Smile Dental Journal 2072-473X 442 Social Welfare Quarterly N/A 443 South Valley Medical Journal 1110-7529 444 SPJ - Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal 1319-0164 445 SQUMJ - Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal 2075-051X 446 SST - Sante et Securite au Travail N/A 447 Strides in Development of Medical Education 1735-4242 448 Sudan Journal of Medical Sciences N/A 449 Sudan Medical Journal * 0491-4481 450 Sudan Medical Monitor 1858-5000 451 Sudanese Journal of Dermatology N/A 452 SJPH - Sudanese Journal of Public Health N/A 453 Suez Canal University Medical Journal 1110-6999 454 Tabib Attifil Alarabi * N/A 455 Tanaffos 1735-0344 456 Tanta Medical Journal * 1110-1415 457 Tanta Medical Sciences Journal 1687-5788 458 Tehran University Medical Journal [TUMJ] 1735-7322 459 Toloo-e-Behdasht 1728-5127 460 Tunisie Medicale [La] 0041-4131 New IMEMR Current Contents EMR Journals List   157 No. Journal Title ISSN 461 University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 1606-8947 462 Urology Journal 1735-1308 463 Veterinary Medical Journal 1110-1423 464 Yafteh Journal 1563-0773 465 Yakhteh Medical Journal 1561-4921 466 Yemeni Journal for Medical Sciences [The] * N/A 467 YHMRJ - Yemeni Health and Medical Research Journal N/A 468 YJMHR-Yemeni Journal of Medical and Health Research * N/A 469 YMJ - Yemen Medical Journal * N/A 470 Zagazig Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology 1687-160X 471 Zagazig Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences * 1110-5089 472 Zagazig Medical Association Journal * 1110-2322 473 Zagazig University Medical Journal * 1110-1431 474 Zanco Journal for Medical Sciences * N/A * No issues received since 2005 Last update March 2010