SPH PORTAL COLLECTIVE ACTIONS FOR HEIGHTENED PREPAREDNESS OVERVIEW OF THE STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP FOR IHR (2005) AND HEALTH SECURITY (SPH) PORTAL COLLABORATION – COORDINATION - COOPERATION
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TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD 04 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 05 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 05 01. INTRODUCTION 07 02. ABOUT SPH 10 03. LEADERSHIP 13 04. NETWORKS 15 Partner Matching 16 Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) support activities 16 Pandemic Influenza Preparedness Plan 18 Universal Health Coverage (UHC) and Health Systems 19 05. RESOURCES 22 IHR Monitoring and Evaluation Framework 24 States Parties Annual Report (SPAR) 24 Joint External Evaluation 25 Simulation Exercises 27 After Action Reviews 28 National Action Plan for Health Security (NAPHS) 29 One Health Operations 30 Experts 31 Partner Matching Resources 31 • Donor and Partner Landscape 31 • Country profiles 33 • Donor profiles 34 06. FORUM 36 07. FEATURES 38 News 38 Calendar 38 Publications 39 Multimedia 39 • Photo gallery & Videos 39 08. VALIDATION PROCESS 41 04SPH PORTAL The purpose of this document is to provide Member States, partners and donors with the necessary information to understand and make use of the capabilities of the SPH Portal. This document provides an overview of the online portal, describing the context of its development in the wake of the Ebola crisis in West Africa, the endorsement and use of the portal by the G7, and the evolution of the portal into a global platform for the facilitation of multisectoral partnerships, the mobilization of financial and technical resources, and the identification of national priorities, gaps, and needs to build and maintain country capacities for implementation of the International Health Regulations (IHR, 2005). This document details the features of the portal and outlines how it can be used to facilitate collaboration for strengthening national, regional and global health security. The portal is operated and maintained by the WHO Strategic Partnership for IHR and Health Security (SPH), and is an essential component of SPH’s work to support Member States, partners and donors in building a collective, coherent and synergistic approach for strengthening health security and accelerating IHR (2005) implementation. The portal facilitates SPH resource mapping and multisectoral partnership coordination for implementation of health security action plans, and is central to efforts to create a global preparedness network. The portal also serves Member States, partners and donors as a common platform for the sharing and exchange of information on health security investments and activities on a national, regional and global scale, facilitating alignment and harmonization of initiatives. The portal makes IHR Monitoring and Evaluation Framework documents and data available to stakeholders, matches partners with countries based on needs, gaps and resources, tracks health security activities, provides tools, guides and a registry of technical experts, highlights news related to health security, and hosts the Strategic Partnership Networks, which brings together the networks of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), pandemic influenza preparedness (PIP), universal health coverage (UHC) and health systems in collaboration. The SPH Portal is constantly expanding with the addition of new partners providing information on their investments. This document aims to show stakeholders how the extensive data and unique features found on the portal can support their efforts to build health security capacities and contribute to accelerating the implementation of IHR (2005). FOREWORD 05SPH PORTAL The WHO Strategic Partnership for IHR and Health Security (SPH) Portal was developed by Mr Ludy Suryantoro, Mr Glenn Lolong, Ms Romina Stelter and Mr Barnas Thamrin, with special acknowledgment for the work of Mr Thamrin in managing the portal and its continued expansion. The WHO SPH team would like to express sincere gratitude to those who have made contributions to the portal, especially Dr Jaouad Mahjour and Dr Stella Chungong. Contributors include Dr Guillaume Belot, Mr Frederik Copper, Dr Nirmal Kandel, Dr Landry Mayigane, Mr Daniel Menucci, Dr Elizabeth Mumford, Mr Abbas Omaar, Mrs. Nathalie Roberts, Dr Stéphane de la Rocque, Mr Reza Sasanto, Dr Rajesh Sreedharan and Dr Weigong Zhou. Special thanks also to WHO Regional and Country offices for their contributions. The World Health Organization (WHO) is particularly grateful to the partners and donors who provide data on their global health security investments and activities to the portal, facilitating the sharing and exchange of information and the alignment of country and partner initiatives. AAR After Action Review AMR Antimicrobial Resistance CPI Country Health Emergency Preparedness and IHR Department DOI Declaration of Interest GHSA Global Health Security Agenda GSPN Global Strategic Preparedness Networks IHR International Health Regulations JEE Joint External Evaluation MEF Monitoring and Evaluation Framework NAPHS National Action Plan(s) for Health Security NBW IHR-PVS National Bridging Workshops PVS Performance of Veterinary Services REMAP Resource Mapping Tool SDG Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) SPAR States Parties Annual Report SPH Strategic Partnership for International Health Regulations (2005) and Health Security UHC Universal Health Coverage URL Uniform Resource Locator WHA World Health Assembly WHO World Health Organization ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS SPH PORTAL INTRODUCTION1 07SPH PORTAL “Improving global health emergency preparedness requires effective engagement with all Member States and across multiple sectors” “WHO will take an evidence-based and innovative approach that is results-oriented and responsive, maximizes inclusive partnership and ensures collective priority setting with all stakeholders.” 1. INTRODUCTION 2015 Cape Town Meeting 08SPH PORTAL Throughout history and in recent years, disease outbreaks have taken a heavy toll on populations around the world. Recent events include the Ebola crisis in West Africa in 2014 and 2015, and Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2018; the 2016 Zika virus outbreak; multiple cholera outbreaks in Africa and the Middle East; Rift Valley fever in Eastern Africa, and yellow fever outbreaks in Angola and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The risk of communicable disease outbreaks poses a threat to economic development and can destabilize societies. The spread of diseases increases significantly where health systems are weak and fragile, and the world must be better equipped and prepared to respond to current health emergencies and prevent future health crises. In an effort to build, advance, and deliver global health security, WHO held a series of global meetings between 2015 and 2017 in which Member States committed to provide national leadership and sustained support and resources for global health security; WHO committed to play an active coordinating, convening and monitoring role; and partners committed to work closely with WHO and each other in sharing relevant information, and making their technical and funding contributions as complementary, synergistic and coordinated as possible. These commitments set the stage for investment – domestic and international - in country preparedness to prevent, detect and respond to public health events and emergencies. The SPH Portal was established in response to the high-level meeting on building health security beyond Ebola, which took place in Cape Town between 13 and 15 July 2015. The meeting was convened by the Government of South Africa and WHO to encourage cooperative work between countries, WHO and partners in building sustained preparedness for future health emergencies and strengthening national, regional and global health security. As an outcome of the meeting, Member States, partners, donors and other stakeholders requested WHO to develop a one-stop site for information on the overarching global health security landscape. The objective was to facilitate alignment and harmonization for collaboration between global health security stakeholders under the convening power for coordination by WHO. The online SPH Portal (https://extranet.who.int/sph/) operates on the key principles that coordination and alignment of partner initiatives are needed to make them as complementary as possible, that there is a need to ensure that all countries needing assistance will receive it, and that country ownership and support for country health security priorities is essential. Implementing the International Health Regulations (IHR, 2005) through Collective Action The International Health Regulations (IHR) — approved by all Member States of WHO in 2005 and entered into force worldwide in 2007 — require countries to develop, strengthen and maintain minimum national core public health capacities to detect, assess, notify and respond to events that may constitute a public health emergency of international concern1. The role of WHO in facilitating collaboration and assistance in capacity-building is specified in Article 44.2 of IHR (2005), which states that “WHO shall collaborate with States Parties, upon request, to the extent possible, in: (a) The evaluation and assessment of their public health capacities in order to facilitate the effective implementation of these Regulations; (b) The provision or facilitation of technical cooperation and logistical support to States Parties; and (c) the mobilization of financial resources to support developing countries in building, strengthening and maintaining the capacities provided for in Annex 1”. In order to develop baseline capacities of Member States, the World Health Assembly resolution “WHA 69.21” further identified WHO’s critical convening role to facilitate strategic cooperation and partnership between and within States Parties along with regional and international partners, donors and networks. The WHO Strategic Partnership for IHR and Health Security (SPH) is designed to foster these relationships, working in close cooperation with the WHO regional and national offices. 1. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/246107/9789241580496- eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y SPH PORTAL ABOUT SPH2 10SPH PORTAL ABOUT SPH SPH PORTAL The SPH Portal provides stakeholders with documents, data and resources covering key areas vital for global health security, such as One Health operations, health systems, universal health coverage (UHC), pandemic influenza preparedness, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and International Health Regulations (IHR, 2005). The SPH Portal also acts as a centralized source for IHR monitoring and evaluation reports, including Joint External Evaluations (JEE’s), States Parties Self-Assessment Annual Reporting and National Action Plans for Health Security (NAPHS). The portal links stakeholders with experts and online training, and matches countries and partners based on needs, gaps and resources. The portal offers a one-stop platform where partners and donors can identify gaps in country health security capacity, determine opportunities to target their financial and technical resources for the maximum public health benefit and discover mechanisms to partner with countries. The portal, which was previously known as the WHO Strategic Partnership Portal, earned the recognition of the Group of 7 (G7) nations at their 2016 summit in Japan. The G7 Ise-Shima Vision for Global Health1 emphasized the need for collective effort and partner coordination for IHR (2005) strengthening and “the value of providing necessary information to new initiatives to share information, such as WHO’s Strategic Partnership Portal, while ensuring the information shared among the donors to be comparable and avoiding any fragmentation.” The portal works in concert with SPH resource mapping and multisectoral preparedness coordination to support development and implementation of country health security action plans. The portal provides a visualization of the global, regional and national health security investment landscape that stakeholders can draw upon to identify needs and gaps, inform priorities and align initiatives. Between the 2015 establishment of the SPH Portal and June 2019, the SPH team monitored and tracked through the portal more than 1800 partner and donor health security investments across the globe, while 180 countries regularly accessed the portal. This number of investments tracked through the portal is constantly growing, as is the list of partners who provide SPH with data on their bilateral and multilateral health security investments. The portal is continually updated as new data is received and verified. RESOURCE MAPPING The portal enhances the effectiveness of the SPH resource mapping tool (REMAP), which shows Member States what resources exist for activities that contribute to the implementation of national health security plans. The REMAP tool maps the health security projects donors are supporting within the country, allowing policymakers, donors and partners to see where gaps exist and where more investment of financial and technical resources is needed. Countries can also use the tool to prioritize health security activities, facilitate the harmonization of country plans, and monitor progress in completing the activities required to implement national health security action plans. The The implementation of the IHR Monitoring and Evaluation Framework will draw on WHO’s convening role to facilitate strategic cooperation and generate collaborative dynamics between and within countries; as such SPH will play a catalytic role in promoting/ensuring coordination and harmonization among countries, partners and donors in the implementation of the IHR capacities. The SPH Portal is central to this effort, serving as an interactive web-based platform that facilitates the sharing and exchange of information on current and future health security activities and investments. 11SPH PORTAL tool tracks plan implementation and demonstrates the effect of completed activities on overall health security through an impact analysis. The impact analysis can identify which activities provide maximum public health benefits for minimal investment. The country maintains ownership of the resource mapping data. While the resource mapping data does not necessarily appear on the SPH Portal, the portal’s broader visualization of IHR and health security investments complements resource mapping to give countries insight into the health security investment landscape from the sub-national to the global level. MULTISECTORAL PREPAREDNESS COORDINATION The SPH team is also supporting countries through multisectoral preparedness coordination, developing a guide and tool/checklist to assist countries in establishing multisectoral coordination mechanisms for preparedness. Multisectoral coordination and collaborative approaches are necessary to implement national health security plans and strengthen and sustain country core IHR (2005) capacities. The SPH Portal provides a platform to ensure relevant information from countries, donors and partners can be shared in a timely manner, facilitating such coordination. Exchange of information through the portal, with Member States and other partners providing health security data that is accessible to all countries, also supports SPH work to promote national cross-sectorial coordination, such as between the civilian and military health sectors, among parliamentarians and national health ministries, and through leveraging synergies between influenza pandemic preparedness and health security planning. International initiatives such as the G7, the G20, the World Bank Group Pandemic Emergency Financing Facility and Regional Disease Surveillance Systems Enhancement (REDISSE), support the integration of health systems, health security, and public health emergency preparedness. Achieving this requires sustainable multisectoral commitment, collaboration, and coordinated approaches, both nationally and internationally, with the goal of building health security at all levels of society. These efforts must include the entire health sector and other relevant stakeholders beyond health - public and private, civil society, international partners and donors. A goal of SPH is to ensure that Member States, partners, donors and other stakeholders are aligned and apply coherent “One Health” approaches to build and strengthen country capacities to detect, prevent and respond to public health emergencies. Country ownership of the process is a key principle while SPH works to facilitate strategic cooperation among stakeholders and provide essential technical support. Public health is constantly threatened by a wide range of outbreaks and other emergency hazards. Despite measures to prevent them, emergencies of varying types, scales and consequences still occur. Local, regional and global communities and countries, supported by the international community, must stand ready to respond to these emergencies. To be ready means to be well-coordinated. When preparedness is emphasized, responses are faster and more effective, and it is possible to limit the human, economic and societal consequences. Public health preparedness is a continuous process in which action, funding, partnerships and political commitment at all levels must be sustained. It relies on all stakeholders working together effectively to plan, invest in and implement priority actions. The SPH team provides opportunities for multisectoral partnerships, collaboration and capacity-strengthening through four pillars: Strategic Partnership Leadership, Strategic Partnership Networks, Strategic Partnership Forums, and Strategic Partnership Resources. The SPH Portal provides the essential platform for the data and resources supporting each of the pillars. SPH PORTAL 3LEADERSHIP 13SPH PORTAL 3. LEADERSHIP The Country Health Emergency Preparedness and IHR Department (CPI) works with all Member States and with partners to ensure that countries and populations, in particular the most vulnerable, are prepared for all-hazards emergencies, and are fulfilling their obligations to develop core capacities under IHR (2005). Within the CPI department, the Core Capacity Assessment, Monitoring and Evaluation (CME) Unit, together with WHO regional and country offices, coordinates and provides essential technical support to countries in their efforts to assess, monitor and improve the status of IHR (2005) implementation through the IHR Monitoring and Evaluation Framework. CME also provides operational tools to help countries build capacity with a “One Health” focus on zoonoses and other health threats arising at the human-animal interface. The unit hosts SPH, which facilitates the coordination and harmonization of strategic partnership between stakeholders, donors and existing initiatives. SPH has convened several high-level meetings leading to actions, guidance, tools and commitments to improve and manage future global public health risks. The SPH Portal is central to CPI strategic priorities, including the priority to build strategic partnerships for the implementation of IHR and heath security through the scaling up of National Action Plans for Health Security (NAPHS) implementation anchored in resilient health systems. Creation within the portal of country, regional and global profiles based on the IHR Monitoring and Evaluating Framework is a core element in support of the priority. The portal also contributes to the CPI strategic priority to reinforce IHR capacity building and its appropriation in the national context by States Parties, monitor implementation, and facilitate reporting to the WHO governing bodies. The SPH Portal provides a one-stop platform facilitating the robust analysis and dissemination of IHR (2005) data for decision-making based on comprehensive qualitative and quantitative consideration of gaps, needs and priorities. The SPH Portal contains the meeting reports and other multimedia from those meetings, which include major consultations on health security and pandemic influenza preparedness planning, and on advancing collaboration between national military and civilian health sectors for health emergency preparedness. Under the WHO General Programme of Work (GPW 13), the WHO Health Emergencies Programme (WHE) is contributing to the strategic priority of having 1 billion more people better protected from health emergencies. SPH PORTAL PARTNER MATCHING 16 ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE (AMR) SUPPORT ACTIVITIES 16 PANDEMIC INFLUENZA PREPAREDNESS PLAN 18 UNIVERSAL HEALTH COVERAGE (UHC) AND HEALTH SYSTEMS 194NETWORKS 15SPH PORTAL Member States, partners and donors have called for WHO to develop the Global Strategic Preparedness Networks (GSPN) and offer a more coherent and coordinated approach for the technical assistance provided to countries by stakeholder institutions, networks and organizations. GSPN is a partnership that would involve coordinating the deployment and secondment of technical experts to countries and fostering preparedness networks through the sharing of experience, expertise and best practices. The objective is to support countries in implementing their NAPHS, building capacities to prevent, detect and respond, and meeting IHR (2005) commitments. The SPH Portal would be at the core of GSPN, providing data and visualization of the bilateral and multilateral health security investments and in-kind contributions of strategic partners, including Member States, intergovernmental organizations, development banks, institutes and non-state actors in 192 countries. The portal also plays a central role through convening global health security experts and coordinating partnership development. The progress and impact of GSPN will be tracked through the SPH Portal, and GSPN would strengthen the role of the portal as a match-making platform for health security actors to collaborate in accelerating IHR (2005) implementation. Strategic Partnership Networks in the portal contains information on health systems, universal health coverage (UHC), pandemic influenza preparedness, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), with other aspects soon to be included. A key function in the portal of strategic partnership networks is partner matching. Strategic Partnership Networks is a platform on the SPH Portal where Member States, partners and donors from different sectors share information and form collaborations to increase health security at all levels. It is a mechanism to form partnerships to advance IHR (2005) and health security capacity through effective public policy stewardship, governance and actions. 4. NETWORKS © W H O / W P R O / E m m an ue l E ra ly 16SPH PORTAL PARTNER MATCHING Partner matching is among the key interactive features of Strategic Partnership Networks, a feature that enables countries, partners and donors to use the SPH Portal to rapidly and efficiently connect with one another by comparing country needs and gaps with partner resources and priorities. Partner matching is accomplished on the SPH Portal through an application in which donors and partners are able to list the nations, regions and IHR technical areas they would like to support. The application responds with a map that includes a list of countries that need support in the specified area, as well as a link with contact information so partners and donors can connect with the relevant focal point in the country. The process is similar for Member States, who can specify areas of need and view a list of partners and donors interested in supporting that particular area, and contact information to allow them to connect. An example of the donor matching is shown below. ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE (AMR) SUPPORT ACTIVITIES The SPH Portal also includes data and resources for the other key areas of the Strategic Partnership Networks — pandemic influenza preparedness, UHC and health systems, and AMR. Countries in the Global Health Security Agenda (GHSA) AMR Action Package have agreed to support work being coordinated by WHO, FAO, and OIE to develop an integrated and global package of activities to combat AMR. Many of the participating countries have substantial experience dealing with AMR and use their experience to contribute to AMR control or surveillance projects in other countries through bilateral or multilateral collaborations. To prevent duplication of actions and improve collaboration and alignment of activities, countries in the GHSA AMR Action Package share information about current AMR support activities as well as expertise that can be offered by the donor countries in current or future collaborations. The SPH Portal includes data such as the table shown below that displays ongoing AMR support activities as listed by the AMR technical areas. 17SPH PORTAL 18SPH PORTAL PANDEMIC INFLUENZA PREPAREDNESS PLAN Influenza is an acute respiratory infection caused by influenza viruses which circulate in all parts of the world. It can cause serious public health concerns such as epidemics, zoonotic infections, as well as pandemics. WHO works to strengthen national, regional and global influenza response capacities including diagnostics, antiviral susceptibility monitoring, disease surveillance and outbreak responses, and to increase vaccine coverage among high-risk groups and prepare for the next influenza pandemic. The SPH Portal visualizes the global data on pandemic influenza preparedness planning, including mapping the countries that have created preparedness plans, detailing when those plans were last updated, and providing links to the available country influenza plans. 19SPH PORTAL UNIVERSAL HEALTH COVERAGE (UHC) AND HEALTH SYSTEMS Strong health systems are needed to ensure individual and global public health security. In 2014, the Ebola epidemic in West Africa highlighted the importance of health systems on the frontline of preparedness for epidemic surveillance and response. It is vital to ensure the capacity of health systems to take on public health emergencies, and to continue to provide essential care under even the most challenging circumstances. Strengthening local, provincial and national capacities under IHR (2005) is therefore a critical element of UHC. By investing in health emergency preparedness, a key component of UHC, pandemics and health epidemics can be at best prevented, and at least detected and responded to quickly, minimizing their health, and economic impact. UHC means that all individuals and communities receive the health services they need without suffering financial hardship. It includes the full spectrum of essential, quality health services, from health promotion to prevention, treatment, rehabilitation, and palliative care. Achieving UHC is one of the targets the nations of the world set when adopting the Sustainable Development Goals in 2015. Countries that advance towards UHC will make progress towards the other health-related targets, and towards the other Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SPH Portal provides information on the importance of universal health coverage (UHC) and how to measure UHC progress, as well as documents with aggregated UHC, health system and SDG indicators by region. The SPH Portal also features a searchable function showing the indicator status by region or country. WHO, together with the World Bank, has developed a framework to track the progress of UHC, and one of the indicators toward achieving UHC is compliance with IHR (2005). The SPH Portal supports the goal of achieving UHC through providing information on country IHR capacities, displaying country gaps and needs, visualizing partner investments and activities and helping match countries and partners for building health system resiliency. 20SPH PORTAL Strategic Partnership for International Health Regulations (2005) and Health Security (SPH) Selected Indicators for SPH - African Continent Date as 19 July 2019 WHO HEALTH SECURITY - PREPAREDNESS UHC and HEALTH SYSTEMS SDG HEALTH and HEALTH RELATED INDICATORS MEMBER STATES W HO Re gio na l O ffic e IH R- PV S B rid gin g W ork sh op UH C P art ne rsh ip Inc om e G rou p ( 20 19 ) Algeria AFRO 80 2009 76 0,01 18,300 98 <0.1 UMIC Angola AFRO 59 Yellow fever ü A 2 ü 36 2,09 2,149 50 <0.1 LMIC Benin AFRO 35 34 Lassa fever EVD, Safe burial, Coordination ü ü 2017 B ü ü ü ü 41 7,87 1,572 16 <0.1 LIC ü Botswana AFRO 26 39 ü 60 7,64 3,688 77 0,1 UMIC Burkina Faso AFRO 29 34 Dengue ü 2016 2005 C 2 ü ü ü ü 39 4,37 0,600 19 <0.1 LIC ü Burundi AFRO 23 31 Malaria ü 2018 ü 2 ü ü ü ü ü 43 8,75 0,500 46 0,2 LIC ü Cabo Verde AFRO 550 46 Malaria, Zika 2017 ü ü ü 62 2,99 74 0 LMIC Cameroon AFRO 38 37 Cholera, EVD ü 2016 2 ü ü 44 2,46 39 <0.1 LMIC ü Central African Republic AFRO 13 25 Cholera EVD, Rabies 2016 ü B 2 ü ü ü 33 10,49 0 LIC ü Chad AFRO 29 29 Hepatitis E EVD ü ü 2016 D ü ü ü ü ü 29 2,44 0,475 8 <0.1 LIC ü Comoros AFRO 851 19 33 ü 2017 ü ü 47 LIC ü Congo AFRO 47 mars-19 2019 ü ü ü ü 38 LMIC ü Cote d'Ivoire AFRO 44 42 Laboratory, EVD, EOC ü 2016 ü ü ü 44 LMIC ü Democratic Republic of Congo AFRO 34 34 Ebola EVD, Yellow fever ü 2018 ü ü 3 ü ü ü 40 LIC ü Djibouti EMRO 974 37 31 Brucellosis 2018 ü 47 LMIC Egypt EMRO 82 80 EVD, PoE ü 2018 2019 ü ü 68 LMIC Equatorial Guinea AFRO 22 ü 45 UMIC Eritrea AFRO 35 46 ü 2016 ü ü 38 LIC Ethiopia AFRO 58 51 EVD ü 2016 ü 2 ü ü ü 39 LIC ü Gabon AFRO 40 2019 ü 52 UMIC Gambia AFRO 35 32 EVD 2017 ü ü ü 46 LIC ü Ghana AFRO 47 45 ü 2017 ü ü ü 45 LMIC Guinea AFRO 55 35 Rapid Response Team ü ü 2017 ü ü ü ü 35 LIC ü Guinea Bissau AFRO 40 juil.-19 Rapid Response Team ü ü ü 39 LIC ü Kenya AFRO 35 50 ü 2017 1 ü ü ü 57 LMIC Kingdom of Eswatini AFRO 42 36 2018 ü 58 LMIC Lesotho AFRO 33 38 2017 ü 45 LMIC Liberia AFRO 46 46 EVD ü ü 2016 ü ü ü 34 LIC ü Libya EMRO 41 44 ü 2018 ü ü ü 63 UMIC Madagascar AFRO 26 37 Measles, Plague 2017 ü ü ü ü ü 30 LIC ü Malawi AFRO 42 févr.-19 2019 2 ü 44 LIC ü Mali AFRO 49 35 EOC, EVD, Meningitis 2017 ü 1 ü ü ü ü 32 LIC ü Mauritania AFRO 26 37 Congo haemorrhagic fever EVD, Hermorrhagic fever ü ü 2017 ü ü ü ü 33 LMIC Mauritius AFRO 62 61 2018 ü ü 64 UMIC Morocco EMRO 75 69 Brucellosis Training ü ü 2016 2006 ü ü 65 LMIC Mozambique AFRO 53 47 Cyclone, Cholera ü 2016 3 ü ü ü 42 LIC ü Namibia AFRO 47 43 Diarhea, Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever ü 2019, 2016 1 ü ü 59 UMIC Niger AFRO 44 34 Cholera, Rift Valley fever EVD ü 2018 ü 2 ü ü ü ü 33 LIC ü Nigeria AFRO 52 37 Cholera, Yellow fever ü 2017 2013 ü 3 ü ü ü ü 39 LMIC Rwanda AFRO 67 58 EVD ü 2018 ü ü ü ü 53 LIC ü Sao Tome and Principe AFRO 215 39 mai-19 2019 2 ü ü 54 LMIC ü Senegal AFRO 45 45 Dengue EVD, PHEOC ü ü 2016 ü ü ü 41 LIC Seychelles AFRO 96 48 53 2018 ü 68 HIC Sierra Leone AFRO 38 44 Landslide EVD ü ü 2016 ü ü ü 36 LIC Somalia EMRO 31 29 ü 2016 ü ü ü ü 22 LIC South Africa AFRO 66 64 Listeriosis ü 2017 ü ü ü 67 UMIC South Sudan AFRO 39 30 EVD 2017 ü ü 3 ü ü ü 30 LIC Sudan EMRO 65 56 Dengue ü 2016 ü 2 ü ü ü 43 LMIC Togo AFRO 32 36 Lassa fever, Meningitis EVD 2018 ü ü ü 42 LIC ü Tunisia EMRO 66 61 Flooding Animal pathogen ü 2016 ü ü 44 LMIC Uganda AFRO 51 50 Marburg ü ü ü ü ü 65 LIC ü United Republic of Tanzania AFRO 47 48 Cholera ü ü 2016 ü 1 ü ü 39 LIC ü Zambia AFRO 31 42 Cholera ü ü ü ü ü 56 LMIC ü Zimbabwe AFRO 55 40 IHR, EOC ü 2018 2 ü ü ü ü 55 LIC Po pu lat ion (in th ou sa nd s) UN Es tim ate 20 19 SP AR St ate Pa rty Se lf-A ss es sm en t An nu al Re po rt JE E Jo int Ex ter na l E va lua tio n AA R Af ter Ac tio n R ev iew SIM EX Sim ula tio n E xe rci se NA PH S N ati on al A ctio n P lan fo r H eal th Sec uri ty ST AR St rat eg ic To ol for As se ss ing Ri sk s PI P Pa nd em ic Inf lue nz a Pr ep are dn es s P lan EV DE bo la Vir us Di se as e P lan AM R A cti on Pl an W HO - H RP Hu ma nit ari an Re sp on se Pl an W HO Em erg en cy G rad e W HO FC S F rag ile an d C on flic t S tat es CA DR I C ap ac ity fo r D isa ste r R ed uc tio n I nit iat ive UH C 2 03 0 NH PSP Na tio na l H eal th Po licy St rat egy an d P lan UH C H eal th Ser vic e C ove rag e In de x (% ) SD G Ta rge t 3 .b - D ev elo pm en t a ss ist an ce an d va cc ine co ve rag e ( 20 17 ) SD G Ta rge t 3 .c - H ea lth w ork for ce (M ed ica l do cto rs pe r 1 00 00 po pu lat ion - 2 01 6) SD G Ta rge t 6 .2 - S an ita tio n a nd hy gie ne To tal Po pu lat ion us ing at le as t b as ic sa nit ati on se rvi ce s ( %) SD G Ta rge t 1 3.1 - N atu ral di sa ste rs Av era ge de ath ra te du e t o n atu ral di sa ste rs (pe r 10 0 0 00 po pu lat ion , 2 01 2-2 01 6)2 HI PC - ( Wo rld Ba nk ) Hi gh ly Ind eb ted Po or Co un try 43 053 31 825 11 801 2 304 20 321 EVD, Meningitis, Pandemic response 11 531 25 876 4 745 15 947 5 381 25 717 86 791 100 388 1 356 3 497 112 079 2 173 2 348 30 418 Cholera, Laboratory, Chemical, EVD, EOC, 12 771 1 921 52 574 Facilitators training, Crossborder, Rift valley fever 1 148 2 125 4 937 6 777 26 969 18 629 19 658 4 526 1 270 36 472 30 366 2 495 23 311 200 964 Yellow fever, Lassa fever, Cerebrospinal Meningitis, Monkeypox, Cholera 12 627 16 296 7 813 15 443 58 558 Epidemic preparedness and response capacities 11 062 42 813 8 082 11 695 44 270 EVD, Operational readiness, Multihazard plan, PHEOC, GHSA 58 005 EVD, Rift valley fever, Cross border 17 861 14 645 SPH PORTAL IHR MONITORING AND EVALUATION FRAMEWORK 23 STATES PARTIES ANNUAL REPORT (SPAR) 24 JOINT EXTERNAL EVALUATION 25 SIMULATION EXERCISES 26 AFTER ACTION REVIEWS 28 NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR HEALTH SECURITY (NAPHS) 28 ONE HEALTH OPERATIONS 29 EXPERTS 29 PARTNER MATCHING RESOURCES 305RESOURCES 22SPH PORTAL Together with Member States, WHO, donors and partners have created and accumulated a large amount of resources to prevent, detect, respond to and recover from public health emergencies. However, most of these resources are usually known and accessible to a limited number of stakeholders. SPH has endeavoured to map these resources and make them available through the portal to all Member States, partners and donors in order to increase efficiency, effectiveness and collaboration on the implementation of IHR (2005) and health security. The Strategic Partnership Resources section of the SPH Portal includes documents, tools, guides and other information in categories including IHR Monitoring and Evaluation Framework, the States Parties Annual Report (SPAR), Joint External Evaluation (JEE), Simulation Exercises, After Action Reviews, National Action Plan for Health Security (NAPHS), One Health Operations, Experts, Donor and Partner Landscape, Country Profiles and Donor Profiles. Users can find a range of information and analysis, including illustrations of the global status of implementation of the IHR Monitoring and Evaluation Framework, pandemic influenza preparedness, AMR support activities and IHR-PVS National Bridging Workshops. Strategic Partnership Resources provides Member States, donors and partners with a wide array of country and donor profiles, IHR Monitoring and Evaluation Framework (MEF) documents and information, a database of experts, online training, guidelines, tools, and other useful links through the SPH Portal. Strategic Partnership Resources encourages Member States, partners and donors to share information on IHR (2005) implementation and health security, and serves as a bridge between countries, partners and donors by facilitating the matching of technical and financial resources. 5. RESOURCES © W H O 23SPH PORTAL 24SPH PORTAL IHR MONITORING AND EVALUATION FRAMEWORK The IHR Monitoring and Evaluation Framework section of the portal provides data, documents and resources covering assessments of country core health security capacities under IHR (2005). The framework comprises four components: • IHR States Parties Self-Assessment Annual Reporting • Joint External Evaluation • After Action Review • Simulation Exercises STATES PARTIES ANNUAL REPORT (SPAR) The scoring results of the country self-assessed annual reports can be found on the SPH Portal, detailing each country’s assessments of their own capacities under IHR (2005). The scores are used to monitor IHR Capacities, including monitoring SDG Targets, indicator 3.d.1 (IHR), and informing the WHO GPW13 index. The scores are searchable by country and region on the SPH Portal. The States Parties Annual Report (SPAR) collects data using 24 indicators across 13 capacities capacities in the areas of national Legislation and financing, IHR strategic coordination, zoonotic events and the human-animal interface, food safety, laboratory surveillance, human resources, emergency preparedness for response, resilient health services, risk communication, points of entry, chemical events and radiation emergencies. WHO also developed the web-based platform e-SPAR (https://extranet.who.int/e-spar) to support reporting. 25SPH PORTAL JOINT EXTERNAL EVALUATION The Joint External Evaluation (JEE) is a voluntary part of the IHR Monitoring and Evaluation Framework and is a multisectoral process in which national and international experts assess country capacity to prevent, detect, and rapidly respond to public health risks. The JEE allows countries to identify the most urgent needs within their health security system; to prioritize opportunities for enhanced preparedness, detection and response capacity, including setting national priorities; and to allocate resources based on the findings. The technical areas covered in the JEE are grouped into four core areas: – prevent, detect, respond, and other IHR related hazards and points of entry. The JEE in this respect follows the principles outlined below: • Preventing and reducing the likelihood of outbreaks and other public health hazards and events defined by IHR is essential; • Detecting threats early can save lives; • Rapid and effective response requires multisectoral, national and international coordination and • IHR capacities are required at points of entry, and during chemical events and radiation emergencies. SPH is the platform for all country JEE reports and makes them available through the SPH Portal. The portal also displays the country scores in each technical area, divided into the categories of prevent, detect, respond and other hazards. The JEE dashboard in the portal includes global JEE mapping that provides visualization of country status, illustrating which countries have completed JEEs and which countries have a JEE in the pipeline. 26SPH PORTAL 27SPH PORTAL SIMULATION EXERCISES A simulation exercise is a form of practice, training, monitoring or evaluation of capabilities involving the description or simulation of an emergency, to which a described or simulated response is made. Simulation exercises can help to develop, assess and test functional capabilities of emergency systems, procedures and mechanisms. Simulation exercises are training and quality assurance tools, which provide an evidence-based assessment for the monitoring, testing and strengthening of functional capacities to respond to outbreaks and public health emergencies. As a training tool, they allow participants to learn and practice emergency response procedures in a safe and controlled environment. As a quality assurance tool, exercises test and evaluate emergency policies, plans and procedures. Simulation exercises play a key role in the development and implementation of preparedness and response capacities at all levels (national, regional, community and global) and have been identified as a key component in the validation of core capacities under the IHR monitoring and evaluation framework (2015). The SPH Portal provides guides and tools for conducting a simulation exercise, including an open source scenario video repository. This video repository has over 18 generic and specific scenario clips that can be used for different simulation exercises. In addition, the SPH Portal has information by country on completed and planned simulation exercises. 28SPH PORTAL AFTER ACTION REVIEWS An After Action Review (AAR) is a qualitative review of actions taken to respond to an emergency as a means of identifying best practices, gaps and lessons learned. Following an emergency response to a public health event, an AAR seeks to identify what worked well or not and how these practices can be maintained, improved, institutionalized and shared with relevant stakeholders. Organisational learning requires continuous assessment of performance, looking at successes and challenges and ensuring that learning takes place to support continuous improvement. AAR is a simple methodology for facilitating this assessment. It works by bringing together a team to discuss a task, event, activity or project, in an open and honest environment. The systematic application of properly conducted AARs across an organization, or between organisations, can help to drive improvement, as well as, turn tacit knowledge into learning and build trust among team members. When applied correctly, AARs can become a key aspect of the internal system of learning and motivation, and should be part of all emergency management programmes. The SPH Portal centralizes all available WHO resources to support the effective planning and implementation of an AAR. Those resources include guidance documents, tools and the e-learning course on AAR. The portal also provides a global mapping of planned and completed country AAR activities, with dates and objectives. 29SPH PORTAL NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR HEALTH SECURITY (NAPHS) WHO supports Member States in developing National Action Plans for Health Security (NAPHS) to accelerate the implementation of IHR (2005) core capacities. The country-owned, multi-year, planning process establishes national priorities for health security, identifies partners, brings sectors together and allocates resources for strengthening health security capacities. The NAPHS planning process is designed to facilitate technical guidance to countries for the identification of evidence-based priority actions that can be implemented for immediate impact and to build sustainable and long-term health security capacities. NAPHS implementation enables Member States to address gaps identified in the country assessments through structured actions supported by stakeholders at the national, regional and global levels. The SPH Portal provides information on the NAPHS process, country NAPHS reports, and a calendar of planning activities. 30SPH PORTAL ONE HEALTH OPERATIONS Many existing threats to human health, including zoonotic diseases, foodborne diseases, chemical events, radiological events, and antimicrobial resistance are complex, and cannot be managed by the human health sector alone. In the context of the IHR Monitoring and Evaluation Framework, taking a One Health approach means including, from all relevant sectors, national information, expertise, perspectives, and experience necessary to conduct the assessments, evaluations, reporting and preparedness activities. The WHO International Health Regulations (IHR) (2005) and OIE Performance of Veterinary Services (PVS) assess and support the human and animal health systems, respectively, but coordination across the two sectors remains challenging in many country settings. The IHR-PVS National Bridging Workshops bring together actors from the animal and human health sectors and present a structured, guided methodology, allowing participants to collectively identify barriers to synergy and existing gaps in collaboration. Corrective measures are identified to form a roadmap to improve the collaboration between the two sectors in the prevention, detection and response to zoonotic disease outbreaks and other health issues at the interface between humans and animals. The SPH Portal maps which countries have completed country IHR-PVS National Bridging Workshops (NBW), and provides the calendar of upcoming workshops as well as the roadmaps and reports from completed workshops. The portal links to the participant handbook for IHR-PVS bridging and to the handbook for the assessment of capacities at the human-animal interface. 31SPH PORTAL PARTNER MATCHING RESOURCES Donor and partner landscape Donors and partners are essential stakeholders in ensuring the implementation of the IHR (2005) and global health security. The “donor and partner landscape” section of the SPH Portal details the activities and the areas of interest of donors and partners involved in IHR and health security. Donor and partner landscape information is designed to harmonize and align funding and activities to prevent duplication in the portal and ensure resources are targeted for the maximum public health benefit. Multisectoral partners have committed to working closely and actively with WHO and each other in sharing information and making their technical and funding contributions as complementary, synergistic and coordinated as possible. Donor and partner landscape information is designed to harmonize and align funding and activities to prevent duplication and ensure resources are targeted for the maximum public health benefit. Data in the donor and partner landscape is input by the SPH team and obtained from donors and partners directly, from WHO regional and country offices, from the countries themselves and from public websites. EXPERTS The SPH Portal features a register of global experts, originally compiled to support the JEE process and that has since been expanded to serve as a source of potential technical assistance for other aspects of the IHR Monitoring and Evaluation Framework (MEF) as well. The registry includes nearly 1000 technical experts who have the necessary experience, technical capacity and interpersonal skills to contribute effectively to IHR activities. A search function in the database allows the sorting of experts by technical area of expertise, region, nationality, gender, language, training categories, mission categories and calendar availability. It helps WHO and Member States to select technical experts who can then be rostered on missions. Experts can update their personal data in the database and request to participate in missions. Personal information, confidentiality and DOI forms signed by experts are only shared with third parties with prior consent, whereas name, technical expertise, brief bio and photograph are in the public domain. Detailed information is password protected and accessible by WHO staff and individual experts only. 32SPH PORTAL Donor and Partner Landscape Data included in SPH Portal Non-State Actors, 11 Member States, 56 Development Bank, 2 Inter Governmental,15 84 TOTAL 33SPH PORTAL Country profiles The country profiles section of the portal offers information on the health security status and needs of 194 countries. The country profile provides the following: • IHR States Parties Self-Assessment Annual Reporting • Joint External Evaluations • National Action Plan for Health Security • After Action Review • Simulation Exercise • Pandemic Influenza Preparedness Plan • Antimicrobial Resistance support activities • UHC and Health System • Health Emergency • IHR-PVS Bridging Workshop • News • Calendar • Photos • Videos • Documents 34SPH PORTAL Donor profiles The donor profiles section of the portal provides information about the donors/ partners who are actively funding health security activities. The section includes the health security areas each donor is interested in funding and the countries it is supporting, as well as a link to its website. The donor profile provides the following: • Donor information with website URL • Donor’s supported technical areas • Donor’s beneficiaries and list of activities categorized by technical areas. SPH PORTAL 6FORUM 36SPH PORTAL 6. FORUM SPH Forum is designed to foster relationships among global health security actors and to enhance collaboration and cooperation for health security, using the SPH Portal as a common platform. The Strategic Partnership Forum for IHR and Health Security in Africa (SPH Africa) held in 2015 under the theme “Building Health Security Beyond Ebola” stipulated actions that WHO, Member States and partners should take. Those include implementation of a collective, coherent and synergistic approach when supporting joint assessments of preparedness and testing of national plans, active coordination and collaboration to ensure relevant information is shared timely, and country commitments to provide national leadership, sustained support and domestic resources. SPH will continue to engage stakeholders in events to assess national, regional and global progress on IHR (2005), give input into the global strategic framework for multisectoral partnership, and create commitments to supporting Member States in the implementation of their NAPHS. SPH Forum will be developed further in the portal over time. The SPH Portal includes a section on Strategic Partnership Forum, a high-level forum with events that bring together Member States, multisectoral partners and donors to align investment priorities for current and future IHR (2005) and health security needs and gaps. The forum facilitates convergence with key strategic areas such as influenza, AMR, UHC, strengthened and resilient health systems, and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). © W H O SPH PORTAL NEWS 39 CALENDAR 39 PUBLICATIONS 40 MULTIMEDIA 407FEATURES 38SPH PORTAL 7. FEATURES NEWS The SPH Portal provides news and highlights of activities, missions and events related to IHR (2005) and national, regional and global health security, including country, donor and partner news. CALENDAR The SPH Portal has a calendar of events and missions related to SPH and IHR MEF (Joint External Evaluation, After Action Review, Simulation Exercises, NAPHS). It also includes country, donor and partner events related to IHR (2005) and health security. 39SPH PORTAL PUBLICATIONS The SPH Portal includes a publications section where users can access a wide range of checklists, guidelines, plans, presentations, reports and tools from countries, regions and WHO headquarters. A search function allows users to find documents by country, region and type. MULTIMEDIA Photo gallery & Videos The SPH Portal also includes a photo gallery and collection of videos related to IHR (2005) and health security, including photos from IHR-related events and videos on simulation exercises, country NAPHS planning and collaboration between the civilian and military health sectors. SPH PORTAL 8VALIDATION PROCESS 41SPH PORTAL 2. Countries, donors and partners provide contribution activity data and publication release approval (directly or via WHO Regional Offices and Country Offices) to SPH Team. 6. SPH Team communicate periodically with donors, partners and countries for any updates on data activities. 1. Inform and encourage countries, donors and partners to share contribution activity data for SPP 3. SPH Team enter and upload the data, then inform contributors to further review. 5. SPH Team receive validation confirmation and publish the data for public view. 4. Contributors validate the data 8. VALIDATION PROCESS All data in the SPH website is input by the SPH team after being obtained from donors and partners directly, from WHO regional and country offices, from the countries themselves and from public websites. The SPH team has a data validation process in order to ensure that data delivered to stakeholders is reliable and accurate. The process includes review and verification of the data prior to publication and periodic communication with donors, partners and countries to provide for updates. SPH
CONTACT DETAILS WHO STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP FOR INTERNATIONAL HEALTH REGULATIONS (2005) AND HEALTH SECURITY (SPH) Country Health Emergency Preparedness and IHR World Health Organization 20 Avenue Appia CH-1211 Geneva Switzerland sph@who.int https://extranet.who.int/sph/