KpaTl{lle O'NeTbI o coBeI.QaHIUix EsporrellcKoe perttOHaJibHOe 6IOpo B03 i, I L KP ATKHE OTqETbI 0 COBEillAHH51X 1980 BCEMHPHAR OPfAHH3AUHR 3,UPABOOXPAHEHHR EBponeHCKOe perHOHaJibHOe 6iopo KOilEHfAfEH 1981 ,llaHHWB c6opBBE EpaTJCBX OTqeTOB O COBe�aBJIJDC, opraHH30B&HBWX EspoueiCICID( perHOHa.ll&HWK 6mpo B 1980 rOAY, DpeABB3Haqea A,IR pyso BO,ltl!Te�el H apo4,eccnoB�&HIIX pa60TIIIUCOB �yx6 3,lq)&BOOXpaHeHHR, EOTOpwe H&iAYT B HeK no�e3Hy» A,1R ce6R HH�OPJOUUDD o pe3y�&TaTax 3THX COBe�ari. Kpowe pyccxoro, 3TOT c6opBBE B3�eTCR Ha asr.u.icxow, �pau DY3CEOK B HeKeUEOK R3WE&X. PerHOH-&HOe 6mpo roTOBO o6ecneqBT& 3&BHTepecoBaHHWX �D AODO�HBTe�&Hoi HH�PK&IlBei DO .1JD60KY H3 wepoupHRTHi, ODHC&HBe EOTOpwx DpBBOAUTCR s c6opRBEe. ISBN 978 92 890 7372 1 © Всемирная организация здравоохранения, 1981 г. 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Il03TOKY ne..m &aCTOJllllero coaa.a- RRR onpeAe.Jla.DICb C.J18AyDIOD( o6pa30K ! - paCCKOTpeTb xeTOAW, npBKeHReKWe B H8CTOJ1111ee apeKR, a TalCJte peXOK0RAOB8Tb cnpaaoqawe K0TOAW no xoHRTOpaHry a oneaxe, coAepaa.auccca B B03Ayxe HMB c TeK, qTo6w no.J1yqaTb Toqawe a HaAeaawe A8HHWe, lCOTopwe 6yAYT acno.U.3 0B8HW B 3nHA0lOIO.JIOraqecltllX HCC.J10AOB8HRJDC; - C03A8Tb neHTpa.JlbH}'IO cnpaaoqH}'IO CHCTeKy A.JIR nOACqeTa H onpeAe.J18HRR pa3wepa HMB; - pa3pa60TaTb CHCTeKy, o6ecneqaBa.Dll}'IO Taxoe no.J1oaeHH8, npa lCOTOpOK pe3y.JlbT8TW KOHllTOpaera aTKOC- ipepw 6w..m 6w .Jlerxo AOCTynHWim H COOTB8TCTBOB8.JIH 6w HY.IIAaK 3nHA8lOIO.JIOTHqeclCllX HCC.J18A0B8HHH . ,gecxyccll.11 YqaCTH][JCl( Koecy..n.TaTHBROro C0B8-8HRR, np8J1Ae acero, paCCKOTpe.JIH aonpoc O pe3y..n.TaTax AOCTHrHy- TWX B oc~eCTB.Jl8HIDI Tex~ nporp&lOI HCC.J18AOB8HHH no npo6.J1eKaK 6ao.J1oraqecxoro A8HCTBHR HMB, lCOTOpwe BltJDOtl8JOT B ce6H HCCA0AOB8BHJI Ha XHBOTHWX, 3ImA0MllOAOrHqecitHe HCCAeAOB&HllJI, a TSE.Xe HCCAeAOBBHHH OE- pyaa1a11ea CpeAWo 3TH HCC.J18AOBaHHR ~HH8RCHp}'IOTCR OEK!rlHH H OC~eCTB.JI.RIOTCR CaKOCTORT0.JlbHO H0lCOTOpr.Do!H R3B0CTllll.KH HayqHQ-HCC.J10AOBaTe.U.CKHKH HHCTHTyTaim, AO.JlaHW 6wTb 3aBepmeHW K 1982 TOAY, KOTAa, xax npeAnO.J18raeTCR, QTqeT 06 HTOrax 3THX pa6oT 6yAeT npe,.,;cTaB.JleH COOTB0TCTBYJall8H KOH<Pepeanaa B03 B Ko- neHrareue . ,llaHRJ,18 3nRA8KHO.JIOTHqecltlle HCC.J18AOB8HBR COCTORT 83 peTpocnexTHBHOTO HCTOpaqecxoro 8Ha- .JIH38 rpynn pa6oqax 13 eaponeHCJCRX 38BOAOB (OT o6mero qaC.J18 72-x 38B0AOB, HaXOAHBmHXCR nOA aa6..11IOJ1eHH- e x), Ha KOTOPWX B0.JIHCb COOTB0TCTBYJa11He HCTOpHH 6o.Jle3HB, no Kp&HH8H xepe, B npeAe.Jlax 60.J1ee qex 20- .JleTHero nepHOAa H TAe OX838.J10Cb B03KOKHWM H86.JIJO,ll;eHHe 38 CKepTHOCTbID H qac.JIOK C.Jlyqaea 3a60.J1eBaHHH pa- lCOK. 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Heo6xoAm,o npeAUPHHBKaT& ycHAHH, QT06w cacTexaTaqecxoe AOKyKeHTHpoeaHae nponecca c ecTpBHcxoro o6CAYXHBaHHH CT RAO HeOT~eXAeMOH qaCTblO cecTpHHCKOH npaKTHKH a o6yqeHBR cecTpHHCKoro nepCOHaAa. 5. BeAeHHe AOKyMeHTanBB, xax qacTH cecTpHHCKoro o6c.,yxnBBHHH, HeAb3H CQHTaTh caxoneAblO. IlpH Be- AeHHH AOKyMeHTanHH He06XOAHl(0 llOKHHTh, QTO OHa CAyXBT H xax cpeACTBO CBH3H, H xax CPBACTBO c6opa cee,.aeHHii. IlpaBHn.HO COCTaBAeHHaH AOKyMeHTanna cnoco6cTByeT HHAHB>UyaAB3annn o 6CAYXHBaHHH, noAqep- KHBSH OTB8TCTBeHHOCTh cecTpw-npaKTUXa. IlpaBHAbHO HCnOn.3OBaHHaH AOKyMeHTanHH cnoco6cTByeT 3¢¢ex- THBHOCTH HenpepWBHoro MeAunHHCKoro o6CAYXHBaHHH. OHa xoxeT CTaTh cpeACTBOK xexnpo¢HAbHOro COTPYA- HBQeCTBa a nocAyXHT OCHOBOH AAH oneHKH o6CAYXHBaHHH. ~xyxeHTanua xoxeT Taxxe nOMOQh e npao6peTe- HHH HOBWX 3HaHHH B AaHHOH o6AaCTH H npoeepxe cymecTBy,ommc Yll0HHH H MeTOAOB o6cAyXHBaHHH. 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Всемирная организация здравоохранения (ВОЗ / WHO) · Publications
Краткие отчеты о совещаниях 1980 г.
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