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AOCTOBEPHOCTb CTATHCT'ITIDCIS{X .IIA}trUX O "UOPOruD-TPAHCNOPTIIHX TIPOHCMCTBI,IflX o6sopu, B roropbo< .qaerc, cpaBrrrrrenbnrtfi ana.lrx AaHHID( o locTpaAaBlrrD( B AOpOTHO-TpaHCIIOpTrrblX lrpo[c[ecTBltax, troJytraB- nux ttouoqb n 6o.,rrnuqax, c AaEHLIurl HalrilonaJrbHofi clatrcruru, car{AereJrbcrayrcT o rour qro rlo.rl[qtln coo6qaer AaJlerco He o BCeX HecqacrHLrx cJlyqa.f,x II qacTo Aaer HeBepHble cBeAeHrrfl. 3ro oco6exgo Kacaercfl TaK Ha3[IBaeubDC neoaqrqengbo< yqacrH,rroB 6 Aoporxoro AB[reHEff (ueuexogoo' Be.rrocnueAsctoa), roropue roryt troJIyrIETb oco6exno cEJIbtrHe noBpe-rrqeEus rrpE aBapr{u. H tonrro B trocJteAnee AecflTuJletre craJlo actIor Hacro.,)rrro He- uo.Jrloi aBJtaerca EHoopraqnff o AoporHo-TpaHcrloprrrLD( Irporlc- [ecrBErx. B orrrere o6 ucclegoBaEEE, rrpe.qctaBJtenxor lllae- qgefi na !.e&(ygapoAxofi ronQepexqtrE s 1969 ro"qy (3), 6ulo uo- rcaoaHo, qTo roJ[bro 2fl" c,tyuaeB cepbe3lrLD( TpaBx rrpE AoporHo- TpaHcrroprHLD( IrpoIIcItrecTBgE( HaIIDrr O',rparenEe B craallcTrrKe, a a 2@o c.tryqaeB 6u.;ro coo6qeHo ' tITo IrocrpaAaBllne uoJryqtrJlu He- oHaqETeJrbHLre lroBper.qenra. .llpyrluu cJroBar[' rlpzrepno IroJIo- BrrHa .rEq c cepbeSHblxE TpaBxarr He qucJrf,Jrucb rar aaEoBNe B oQrrqlra.lrbxofi cratnctrre. llto6u upoBeputb' cJ4ecrBoaano Jrn Tarcoe re HecoorBercrBre a Be;rxro6petaHEr!, rAe ecrb Bcecro- poxxar c"ryx6a o.qpaBooxpaHerrua' 6u.l npone4eE ana.rluo rlepBux 1OO uocrpa.qaBmx, trocryrraBluDc rax.4tli laecflq B Teqeu[e roAa a Buprorxrercryto rpanraroJtortrqecrJno 6o;rrnrrqy (4). Eulo o6uapyreno, qro oroJo l/6 Jruq c rflreJruru rpaBxartr rl oroJro 7/3 nw, c JrerrEuu rpaBrartr' rroryqexEEilE rIpE .4oporxrDc rrporrc- rrrecTBrr8x, rre HarlJrll oTpareHut B cTaTEcTtlqecKsx AaBELD( rro- n,I\ri. Bu.zo oqueqeuo, qro Has6oree qacro troJrur,rtefi He Pefrcrpa- poBaJrgcb re cJyqaE, B EoroprD( He BuauBaJtacb rafitrEa cropofi EOIOqg, A ICOTOPLDC YTIACTBOBAJ TOJTbICO BOAUllE.Ib XAIIIIIiU EJIE TE' B roropbrx rre yqacrBoBaJlu Apyrxe raIIIf,rrLI; oco6enno EeIto.,IHo perEcTpEpoBaJlncb cJryqaE TpaBIaT[3ra cpeArr BeJocrlIe.rycToBt II3 roropED( J.o,tma 1/4 lrorep[eBlltrx' IroJrytrtlBllEx JleqeHue a 60JIb- HRrIax, 6u.na orpareHa B ctarucrlrrce rroJrlrqrru. 3tn .qaaxue 6u.ns uoArneprAerN peoyJrbrararu ^qByx ApyrDC rccleAoaarmi, rrpoBeAexxlrx n lllseqgu u Beruro6pratarws' o roropbD( 6u.lo coo6- qeuo Ea rerAyxapo.4xofi roxQepeHrlllE a 1975 ro4y. Idcc.,tre.qo- Balule, [poae.qeHxoe n lllaeqrru, oxBarxBaJro Bcex trocrpa.qaBllrD(t rrocryrrtrBtItrrx B orAenenre o6qeft xupyprrrr r.XentnclaAa (5). Bcero uer(Irqugcrca.E fiouoqb orcaoaga 812 nocrpagaBlrllr' Eo roro- proc 21 (xenee flo) se 6uu yuten B trccJleAoBarrrrr' Tarc rar sE- Oopraqtrfl o6 strx Hecqacrsbrx cJryqasx 6rua seuonnoE. Pac- [peAeJreHre no Boopacry Ir troJty 6u;ro a orlrAaeraLD( [peAeJlax' xaparrepHIDC .q,Jt.a Aopoxuo-TpaHctroprHoro rpaBrarrsxa. Oraoa- Jrocb' qro to.IbKo 42to t'o'ttytaBltrrrx TpaBru Jrrll' oTpaIeHLI B cEa- TEctEqeclcf,x .qaHHLIX O .(Oporno-fpaEcfloprttEx trpouclllecIBIffixt troctytrarcqn( s HaqroHa.[EHoe qetrtpaJbsoe cratEcrgrrecroe 6rcpo' ICrraccr$[raqtrfl TpaBr, trptrHfrai [enlpa..rrrxrx 6ropo a lllBeurru, coorBercrayer, rar u n 6o.,rrruRHctBe crpau r onpeAeJlexttffr ra- recru rpaBx, uptrnffTllu Eaponeficrofi orouorortrecrofi roxuccrefi. 7 Bu.ro tarre [poaeAeHo cpaBHeHue uer.4y o0nrPraJrbgoft uraccr,r@rra- quefi rpaau r.r Qarcrnqecrrllry rpaBxauE, rroJryqennurtr rar.qofi repr- aofi secrracrnoro cJlyqafl. Eu;ro o6xapyxeno, qro npaBu.rrbHa-fr ux6opuaqrlfl coo6qexa ro.,rbro o 35% c.nyqaeB. Kar uoxno 6uuo oJf,rrAarb, ne 6rr.no pacxor.qegui s nnQopuaqu[ o JteraJIbHbD( cny- JIIrq, IIO.ryqEB|rtux cepbeSH[e TpaBru r! Bcero o Zflo nEq c JrerrcE- xtr TpaBuaIE. 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B peay;rrrare AaEHoro EccJIeAoBaHua 6s.tro Tarxe ycTaHoBJIeHO, qro Heoaqr4eHHbre JIEqa cocraa.r.EroT IroqrE 2/3 ot o6qero qilcra -rrrq, uorr6utrx rutrl tro.ryqrrBrtrEx cepbeolrhle yBeqbfl B peayJrbrare Aopoxuo-Tpaucuoprrr[D( Irpo[cuectauft. "Heoaquqegrbo( rrqau, tpe6yerca 6o.ree .q.rureJtbHoe Jleqerr[e B 6o.rrrnnrre rr AJrrrre,rbgoe npe6uaague B orAeJregrrr IrHTeHcr{BHofi te- parrnrr. OAnaro Ha ocuoBanlru o$uqllaJrbrrLD( crarncrtrtrecrux AaBHbrx [oxer cJlox]rrbca ageqarJleulre, t{To 6o*rumrcrso Eecqacr- HLrx cJryqaeB Epoucxorqrr c "oaqrqegHbrxfi ;Erqaurrr (r.e. gaxo.qr- qruacfl a aaronaugnax). O6cop, cocraBJreHuuft n Be.rnro6peraurr (6), oxaatf,IBaer Bcex flocrpaAaBlurx, flocryrrrBrrurx a 6o.,lrru1ao rpaBtraroJror[rrecEyIo 6omnuqy (Eo.rcnurla Esrr;r n Peguure) ea 6 uecaqea 1973 ro4a. Bcero 6ruro o6c..reAoBaHo 846 cryuaeB [oBpexAelauil, a peaynbrare 644 4opoxxoro [po[cnecrBrrf,; 3O8 .re;roaer 6ruo roclr{Tanaa!{- poBano. 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Cpaa- HeHrre MexAy QarTtlqecrlru qucJrou rroBper.qexlrfi r quc.nou 3ape- rEcrpr{poBaSHLIx [oBpexAesnfi [orcaSaJro, trro rruerrlcb o.4rrHaKoBble TeHAeHrrlru, xorr oHH He 6u.,rr oco6eHHo Brrpaxennuxu(Ta6"ruqa 1) 8 Ta6,ts\a l.Cpaaxerure rflrecra rpaBr y 3O8 rocuxraJlrorrpoBaxlrlDc trocrpa/qaBuE)c rro EpEreprlana oQgqraJrbHofi cracrctrrg(uo Aanxru no..rurTou) r rro re.4rr{qHcrulr rpureprr.Eu Kpurepur oQswaJbxofi llsc.lo CTaTBCTZICE CnyqaeB ICnanuqecrre rcplrTeprIII Escno cJryqaeB Her uoaperAexui Hel noapergenzi Jlerrse Cpe.qnefi Tflrecrr Taxe.lrue JIera;rrsue 2 0 151 too 15 lleanarrure.lrr xue Cepreenue JIera.,rrnrre 293 15 fue ogxo EccreAoBaEEe, EpoaeAexuoe B Bermo6purasw' (7) rerr(y 79?4 u 1976 rr., troraaaJlo' qro Irotrru 3do cJrluaeB rr3 o6qero qrcJra EecqacrrDD( cJryqaeB r tBEBlIExcfl peoy.'[brafor Ao- poxHLD( [porcrlrecrBufi , ne 6u.rr oQnryaJrbuo oaperncrptrpoBaxLr' xor.fl rrocrpa.AaBlrue o6paqa;rnct s 6o.,ttHzqu Iro noBo.4y rroJryqex- HLDC TpaBx. 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B llo.lrue oroJro 7do .trtt,J,, soryrrtrBEtEx cep6e3Hue TpaBW B pe- ayJrbrare .4oporxo-TpaHcEoprxLD( IrporcnecrBni, ne EorlaAarot B crartrcrsqecrlle orqeru uu.nzquu (10). llo.nararot, uto 6oar- rlltlHctBo so STrD( TpaBr uoJryt{eHo B raTacTpooax c yqacTEer uo- TOIIZKJIOB A,IU B CJTYqAflX, ICOTAA BO.qSTEJIII BAXOAEJITCb B COCTOff- HIIE a.irroroJlbuoro orrbaHexut. Etuo coo6qeno, qro per[ctpa- .ra ea6o.reBaerocrtr B pe3yJtbrare rqoporxo-,rpancnoprxtD( trporc- uectgufi a QexocroaarEE Tarre tDJrffeccf xenagexuoft r seto.nroft. 4. IIEJM CEOPA CTATI,ICTI{TTECKID( .UAHHUX O .4OPOf,HO-TPAHCIOPTHIIX IPOIICIIIECTB}IM( Texsuqecras rpytrtra nputIula rc BUBo.qy, qro rrpu paapa6orre perouexAau[i ornocrreJrbxo rep Eo yryqnenrrx, yqera AasnLD( Iro oa6o.iresaer.ocrr rr creprnocrt! B pe3yJrbrare .qoporxo-Tpancrropr- nLD( rrpo[cnectnrfi HyxHo crpeuurbc.fi r cJre.q1noqpxy: otrpeAe.ruTb xaparTep E qucJto cxepTHLIx cJIytIaeB oT Ao- poxno-TpancuoprHLrx rrporctlecrBuit u ux pacupeAeneHrre IIo BoSpacTy, [oJIy I{ IcaTeroplIar yqacTHEroB .qopolEoro .qBEJreHr.fl; o[pe.qeJrurb xaparcrep Ir pa3repbr rcax Bpereuxoft, tar r uocroanxofi rlxBarr.[HocrE B pesyJrbrare .4oporxo-Tpauc- rroprrrilx rrporcflrecrBufi r creueub BooHrlrarcqeft a peey.nr- Tare ororo coquaJrbno-orcogoxtrqecroft ganncruocrrr; orca- aatr co.4eficrBue B flJlaurrpoaagrrrr Bcecroponxefi uoxoqr s nogo6nrx cJryqaflx; ycraHoBurb,a rarofi crerreHlr AoporHo-TpaHcrroptnDle [posc- trecrBna BbrguBaror notpe6aoctb B rrepBofi ttouoqtr' Heor- .nornofi Eoxoqa, JIeqeHIrr (arruoqaa uHTeHcuBH)rxl tepauno) 11 rr cJryx6ax pea6IIJETar(EII c qenbro ynyqleHu.E trnaElrpoBaHlIa troAo6HbD( cJryr6 B COOTEeTCTBES C EraercqElEc.fl .[x,AcrEIE E sEoHOrEqeCruxE pecypcarEl - otrpeAenuTb rrpErruHu TflreJrlrx TpaBr B pe3ynbTaTe .4opor- no-TpaHcrropTHbD( [porrcBecTBEi, c[oco6cTByro4re oTot{y qeJroBeqecEue oarcTopu u oarroplr oKpyraroqefi cpeALra B rlenflx oopwpoBaHE.f, ocEoBLr .qJrff [poBeAeHua rep tro upoounarTrrlce rpaBMarrrSua II roHTpo"r[o 3a pesynbTarauLr pa6orLr; DLrnBrrrb t{eroBeqecKEe oarsropbr E oarTopu orpyjraroqefi cpeALr, yBeJr[rrEBaroqre oEacHocTb BoSHrrrHoBeHrIJI AopoxHo- TpaHcnopTHbrx rrpoEc[ecTBufi , B qeJrSx trpoBerqeHIl.a roHTp- Mep r{ oIIeHIcI{ ,lx peSyJrbTaToB. 5. CMEPfIIOCTb MergynapogHafl crarncrrtra coAepxur rIeHHyrc trEQoprarslo o uacmra6ax cueprxocrrr or .qoporHo-Tparrc[oprnux rrpoucueclsufi r e€ pacupe4eJlenrrrt rlo Boopacry, rrony E rcareropuata yr{acruuroB AoporHoro ABrrxeHEn. BO3 ooryuaer .qanx6le rro rcoAy E (upn- t{ngbr rpaBuu) Mex4ynapogaofi rcJacc[O[$at\-n 6o.neasefi (MIG) ( 11 ) , o4Haro Jrurtrb Hexoropbre crpanu upeAocraB.,lruor EnQopraqruo rro KoAy N (xaparrep tpaam), B cB.fi3rr c qex qesHLIe roqHLIe AaIr- Hbre o traToJrorEtr JreTaJIbHbIx cJlyqaeB IIpE AopoxHo-TpaHcrropTHLlx rlpoEcrrrecrBtr.flx orcyrcrByrcT. Enpoueficraa aroHoraqecrafl ro- urrcca.fl (E'3K) uy6;ruryer .qasHLIe (12) o cxeprnocrr ot Aoporuo- TpaHcuoprHLD( rrpouc[ecraafi uo 25 eapoueicxux crpanar, Kaua.(e n CoeguHennnu lllrarar. .[axuue E3K co4eprar Barlryrc EHQoprra- qulo o JreTaJIbHbIx cJyqa.ffx trptr AoporHo-TpalrcuoprlHbrx upol{cEecT- Bu.flx, roropa.fl He voret 6rtru troJyrleHa zs 6asna Aaxnux BO3. 3ru 4anHrle Br.lroqamr nnQopuaqrco o uecfe trporlcuecrBza (aactpo- esHue yrracrrE uJrE llporouu), .{elarrax rrpoucmecrBtrfl E co[ycr- Byroqzx ery o6croareJbcrBax, AaHHLre o qucJre [orraBIIIEx B lopor- HO-TpaHCrIOprHLre fiporrcltrecTBrra JrEq B paSn[qH5lx craAuflx aJrro- I.o.IbEoro oIIb.EHeH[.f, . 3tr Ane rpyurrbl AaHHf,Ix He tro.qrqarorct fioJrlouy cpaBHeHrrro llpexge Bcero oHE 6aaupyrorca ua rnQopxaqau, nocryuaroqefi zs a - B gaHuox orqere Qarropn orpyrarbqefi cpe.{[I BxJrroqaror TpaHclopTHbre cpeAcTBa. 12 paa.ErrrrrLD( rrcroqnuroB. Aannue BO3 ocuoBuBa$Tca Ha utrQopua- [trg, coAepxaqeficg B cBrr.qereJbcrBax o cueprg, B To Eper.ff Ear AaHHNe E3K ocnonarrbt Ha orrrerax, uocrygaroq[x lrs nongqeficrrrx yupaa.rerurE. .[ansue E3K ocrroBuBarctcfi Ea oupeAe.rextrt(, ro- Topue ne coorBercrBylor paoAetau MKB (s qactxocru, Bpeufl Ha- cTyrrJreEEfl cuepTrr B cJyqae .rera.,,I6rrtD( AoporHo-tpaHcrloprHux npoucuecraufi). Xora s MKS ne Aaercfl orAeJtbHoro otrpeAeJre- Hn.E reTa.rbHoro EcxoAa AoporHo-TpaBcrropTHoro IIpolIclIIecrBlr.fl , aro otrpeAereEtre KocBeHHo co.4eprgrca B paSAere, r.qe o[pe.qe- JtflroTca oT.qareHHbre IrocJIeAcTBIra TpaBr rr r.qe yra3allo, qTo creprb, HacryrlrBttrafl B Teqearae 72 rectueB [ocJle Aoporuo- Tpanclroprnoro upotlctlrecrBzfl , pacqeHlrBaercff Icar I'otAauegxufi ero peaynrrar'r. Tar rar B raergyBapognofi oopue cBEAereJrb- cTBa o cuepTu tpe6yetcn yra3arb upu6r:rsurenbHoe Bpeut uer.4y HaqaJror llpoEcllecrBnfi tr HacryureBEeu cxeprE, rJlacclIollrcaqlla c Ecrro.,rbooBarrtreu MKB eAaa JrE BbISoBer rarse-;ru6o rpy.qnocrlr y rocyAapcrB-rrJreuoB. Oupegerexue clleprr n E3K arnrcrraer To.rbro re craeprxlle cJlyqarr, rcotopue rrpon3olrulE a teqenne 3O 4nefi uoc..rre Aopoxno-Tparcrlopruoro [po[cnecrBu.fl ' Ho Heroropue cTpaHLr eqe He trpIIIIa.rE peKofeHrqoBallltoe ospe.qeJrelrue II perrrcr- p[pyror roJrbro re cueprnue cJryqau, Icoropble trpoacxo.qtr s 6oJee paHHue cpoKE. .IIaa penenns otoft [po6Jteru Koxrret E3K uo cyxoByTBoray TpaHclropTy Itpe.qJrorEJI [pEHAtb cJre.qFqyro [epexo.q- Hyro oopryry! Cnepu HacryuuJta Ha laecre AoporHo-Tpanclopr- Horo npouc[ecrBr{a EJrI{ Eo rqopore n 6o.nrnuqy . . Cueprr HacryrrrrJta B Teqeure 3 .4sefi [ocJre Aopof Ho-TpaHcrroprHor o IIpoEcllecTBEtr Cuepm HacryrruJra B Teqesae 3O Anefi [ocJre .qoporHo-TpaHc[oprHoro IlponclllecTBIr.fl . Arr qenei o6qecrseHHoro 3ApaBooxpaxegu.f, rarre Oopry.Jrt cJreAyeT nprrHrrraTb co SHaqtITeJtbHf,rrI{ oroBopKarE, TaIc raK oHrr ocHoBLIBa$TCA trCrurroqlreJlbHo Ha cTarlrcTur{ecrctD( pacqeTax o6qro< [oraaare.rei cueptxoctn. B Aeficrsure.rrbnocrr cpor Hacry[Jre- HUA Cueptrtl nOCJre .qoporHo-TpaHctropTHoro EporrcEecTBrrfl 3aBrtcrrr or p.flrqa [epexegHbD( Qartopor. K xun orHocflTca ralcue, KaE faTerqpr{11 yTIaCTHAKa AopoIHOrO .qBIIeHIIA ( ttueSa.qrqeggLIe Inqart- [enexo.qLt ll BeJroc[[eArrcrbt - o6utrno rloJlyqalot 6o;ree rane.,rue 13 65 88 97 yBerrb.fl), Boopacr (gbrxgaaexocrb oHaqETeJtbHo BbI[e cpe.qr! .rtltq xoJro.qoro noapacra), cocroflHre c.lyx6 uepnoi trovoqE, Heor.ror- noii uouoqr rl IrHTeHc[Bnoft repauru n .qannoi ctpaxe. Eo..rrr- tErrrcTBo Jruq, IIoJryqEBrtrID( cuepTeJrbHLle paHeHrr.E, yuupapT B Te- qesse 30 gnefi uoc.,re AoporHo-Tpaucrloprrloro rrpouctlecrBn.E, tr EOK cqaraer, qro .lrrtIrb Ee3tIaqsre.nrnufi trpoqerrT (oxouo 3flo) ln{llpaeT qepe3 oArdH [ecrrl uJli ,Eo ro.4a [ocJle .qoporBo-TpaHc- fioprHoro rrpotrcuecrBufl. O.qnrrx Ea rrocJre.4ctaufi otux BpeueH- HNx paa.[trrrri asr.rercfl To, qro o.qrrH tr Tor re cneptrotfi cJyqafi uoxer 6utr oaperrcrprrpoBan B crarucruqecrrc( aaBEbD( AByx paa- HLD( Jrer. Ha raxoro re poAa rpyAaocrb 6u;ro yraeaxo a ctre- qua.rtnoE crarbe o HaJrrrq[u crartrcr[qecrrD( AaBnbD(, rcoropaa 6u.rra ony6;uicoaana n Oltrere no mposofi canrtapxofi crarrrcr[rce aa 1972 roA (1), r.qe 6uao nucra3axo trpeAroJlorense, qro lrp[- s.nrufi BO3 upoxexyror Bperelru B oAun roA rlocJre Aoporao-tpaHc- [oprHoro llpolIcltrecrBEfl, B TeqeEne roroporo HacTynaer cl(epT6' aBJr.Eerclr c.JurInrou 6o.murrx. Bu.ra upegnoreua cJer)[oqafl rpa- A qEfl: a) .aera.rurue Aopoxxo-TpaxcEoprrrue rrpoucnecrBat: creprb rracTylaeT HexeAJreHgo nJru. a TeqeErre ognoi He.4enlr; 6) cueprr B pesyJrbrare .4oporuo-TpaacuoprxLD( rlpoact[ecr- snfi: cueprb Eacryrraer rrepea oAsy He.qenrc ilnu Ao orqxoro ro.4a; a) cueprr, flBJlflIorra.flca orAaJreHnbru pe3ynbrarou AopoxHo- TpaBc[oprHLDC rrponc[ecrnui: cueprb Hacrytraer qepeo roA lrJrrr IIoSAHee [oc.rle HecqacrHoro cJryqaa. ,Ilpyrmt orJrtrqnela nB.rffercf, To, qro AaHHLIe EOK sxJoo'{a$t Bce cueprubte cJryqau or Aopoxxo-tpancrroprxblx flporctItectauft, a To BpeMff rar MI(B BrJrrcqaer roJIbKo te cueprrrLle cJrytlar, Koro- pbre rrpord3ortrJrrr upn yqacrl{[ aBTorpaHcuopra. llro6u ycraHo- Br{Tb 3uaqeHr{e otoro pa3.,trrqufl, as Baxxa AaHHhtx 8lo3 6u.tru uo- nyqeHLl cBe.qeurrfl o qtrcJre cueprxbrx cnyqaeB ot tt4pyrux Aopox- HHx Eporrcruecrsrfi" B Bo3pacrHofi rpynne l5-24 aer, qro .EBItJrocb qacrbx) r{ccJreAoBaEr{.fl , [poBoAlrMoro AJIff cocraBJreHrr.f TeuaT[rqec- rcofi ctarrr A.rg Orqera IIo uupoBor{ HIITADHOI,I CTATIIC TI{ICE ( 13) lls 28 crpaH, rro Koropblu nxerracb a6co-nornue lronaaareJlrr rarcrx cueprHbD( cJryqaeB , AByx3BaqHLre BeJrrrqnuu ( to n.ru 6ouee ) 6u.nn Saperr{cTprrpoBaHbr ToJrbKo a Tpex I{3 H}rx: t4 fluonaa (2L B l9?4r. s 22 B 1975 r. Benrpna (11 B 19?o-1g74 rr.) s AErJua s Yo.lrc (13 s 19?5 r.). Ho 13 crpas, tro ro,opLlr [xeJrlrcb AaEEUe xa lOO OOO sace- reBEa, orot troraaate.rb trpeBulla.r O,5 ua 1oo OOO toJtbro B rqEyx crpalrax (B Benrpm s HoaoE 3elan,qEz). B Aaxuoi aos- pacrnoft rpyuue EE B oAHo[ E3 crpan cueprxocrb ot rr4pyrnx AoporrrED( Irpoucuectarfi" 1" uPenuma;ra 1 sa 1@ OoO nacelenus. B cnson c reu' qro B orqetax E3K Eo .4oporno-Tpaxcuopt- Hura upollcEecrDEar Ereercf .qonorBETe.,tbHat Ilnoopraulla ' Bartlo yctaxoBETb, Eactro.rrbtco 3TE .qBe rpynuu .qaEBLrx roryt 6utr rc- uoJIbaoBaHLr trpE couocSaB.rIeHEE HaqEouaJbrrrix Aanuro(. B yuora- Eyror BU[e Ecc.reAoBaIrEIr 6u..no upoaeAeao cpaBaeElre laHELtx Eo 8 crpanax oa 1975 s 1976 rr. (Ta6.nsqa 3). Cane 6o.rrrre pac- xorAeHrrf uer.qy AEyr.f, rpytrtrauu AaHIrbD( 6u;ts' ,rya ABcrpxE E Benrpru, ll oAecb Baruo orreturb' qro oro - eAuHcrBeEBbIe crpanLr, rcoropue He rrpunflJlrr peroraeuAoBannuft EOK 3o-.qneeuHfi flepuoABbIIIIBaHE8BoIIpe.qe.IeEEEneTaJrbHofoAopoxrro-tpaHcllopT- Eoro trpo[c[ecrEua. Aanrue Eo ABcrpBE' trpeAcraBreHnue B E3K, ar.nouaJrE ToJIbKo JIrq, Eoropue uorn6.m B Teqexrle rpex Axefi uocte .4opoxBo-tpaEcnoprsoro upo,IcEectBEa' Aannue uo Benrprz ga lg?5 roA BEJrrOqA.rB TOJrbro .nuq, uorr6[Ex B TeqeIIEe 48 .racon trocJre .qopoIBO-TpaECIIOpTEOTO llpollctrecTBra; [ocJle l9?5 ro,qa 6na rrprluat perouenAoBasrrfr E3K 3O-.qgennrd nepno4" 3ro uprae;ro E yuerIbllteHrn paoJluurfi uexgy AarrEurr BO3 r E3K c 38,21o a 19?5 roAy /4o 8,11o z 1976 rogy. llprnnuar Bo BHEuaHue yrca3axxue BbII[e o6ctoare.lrctna, Bargo, qro6u opraH6I o6qecisenuoro 3.qpaBooxpaHeHtrff' ycraso- BuB tto .qaHHbIx BO3 racuta6u creptuocrr! rl e€ ,ArnaxRry B cBotrx cTpaEax I corlocraBneHulr c .4pyrrx[ crpaEauu' BrJlroqaa pactrpe- .(eJreHEe repTB AopoxHo-rDpasclropTHux [poEcntecrBrfi uo uo.ly(qro se yraouBaercs B AaBHLIX EOK), reyuaJlrr AaHHue E3K uo Apyrru crpaHau, Koroptle uoryr 6unl nctoqHurcou AolroJrrtrTe'rb- nofi rxQopxaqllll o xapaETepe r o6croaleJlbcrBax Jrera.rbttux Ao- porrro-Tpaxc[oprxLD( [porrcInecrBufi s cootaercrBJrxr[trx crpanax. .(nr ctpan, He BrcfioqeHxLrx B ortleru E3K, uxQop[aq[ar neo6xo- Alivax, Anff cpaBHr{TeJrbHoro u3yqeHH.flr o6LrqHo xoreT 6xtr uo;ry- qEHA IT3 HAqHOH JIbHbD( CTATACTIqECKIIX .4AHHLD(, OCBOBAHEUX HA orqerax rro;lrlqrlrl r Koropue uy6.luryet Uestpa.lrlsoe crar[cr[qec- rcoe 6ropo I{Jrx Apyroe coorBercrByroqee rocyAapcrBenuoe yqper- AeHUe. 15 Bu"ro o6pauexo raue BHEuaHse Ha AesreJrbHocrb OOCP go craH.(apTrrSaqrrr uex..4yHapoAlrNx craTtrcTuqecKtlx AaHHLD( trO AO- poxno-TpaucrroprHf,ru upoucuecrBumr (14). Ta6.nrua 3. ConoctaBJreHlre ctarrcr[qecrtrx .qaHlrilx BO3 r EOK tro 8 crpaxar o cxeprxocrtr B Boopacrxofi rpyuue t5-24 "ret B peoyJrbrare Aoporro-TpaHclroprxLlx rtpouctlectaufi , BLroaaHHbD( aBTorpaxcrroprou (BO3), u Ecex AoporHo-TpaEcrroprHrD( IrpoEctrecrBufi (E3K) ea 7975 s 1976 rr. Clpaua 79?5 19?6 Hauenenns(7o) Cpaaxenre uexAy o6qJau qlc.rrou cnyqaeB sa o6a ro.qa (BO3= 1OO) ABcrpu.f, BO3 E3K BO3 E3K BO3 E3K BO3 E3K BO3 E3K 594 555 376 ,'r, 200 207 556 577 138 142 582 519 267 24? 238 235 651 648 132 tt2 , 6 o 91 ,3 5 Beurpua - 38,2 _ a, 80, 7 l,auus + 19,O + 16,9 99, 5 Hu4ep;raugu + 18,9 + 12,3 101 ,5 Hopaerur - 4r3 ' 27,1 94,1 iDeAeparuBHan Pecuy6*ura fepxanrn IIInefiqaprrs BO3 E3K BO3 E3K BO3 E3I( 41 83 431 1 41 88 4288 + + or1 lo2,7 o,5 318 326 285 300 - 1O,4 - 8,O 103,8 IIlnerINa 269 253 2s6 243 - 4r8 - 3r9 94,5 16 6. TflXECTb TPABM Henagernocrb crarrcrrqecrrx AarrErD( tro AoporHo-Tpaxctropr- IIOpTHLIT EpOECItreCIAEAU AJ-fl OIIECaHE.f, CTeIIetltr T.ffIecTE tpaBra yre paccrarpaBaJracb (pao.qel 2). Texnurrecra.s rpytrtra cqrlTaer,qro cyqecrByqxque py6puru MKE se npzro.qxhr .(Jra onncaHua xau6o- JIee rareJILDC rpaBr E qro zx xeo6xog,uLo trepecrorperb c rle.rbro yroqneaa.ff. B MICE roJrrro 15 uynrroa uo 159, orxo- C.EqIIXCA IC TpaBtaaTnOIy, ylcaoHBax)t BHyTpeHEUe TpaBubl rorroB6t, rpygxofi K.nerKE n 6pronuoft o6lacra; Tarrx odpaaor, onucanne TpaBr, rBJr.aroqttxct nprvuxofi 6olrmngcraa cMepru[f,x cJtyqaeB, oaxaraer reHee ldo lro6a (15). Eu.lr upea.loreH ptA [IraJr rpaAarl[rr rpaB!( c IIeJtbIo o6urerqe- Hu.r ux r.lraccrQuraqun tro raxecru. Hau6o.ree xopo[o u3Becrxa I(patraa urcaJra rpaBr (AIS), roTopat [pereprleJra pa.q raxenenufi co BpeMeH[ ee Bne.qeHlrs s 1969 ro.qy. lloc.le.qnnfi [epecuorp 1975 roga (16) oupe.qeJr.ffer [ecrr crenenefi Tflrecrtr TpaBx. Cteuenr AISO - Orcyrcraue rpaBr AISI - Jlerrue rpaBrrr llpurrepu AIS2 - Tpaauu cpegnei TfIECTII AIS3 - T.axe.nue rpaBMLt ^ ( 6e3 yrpo3Lr AJrs xnssn ) AIS4 - Cepreenue rpaBuLr(c yrpoeofi 4.ra xlIoHr{, Ho c BepoflT- Hocrbro alxunaHas ) Heonarrlrte.rbHue uopeobt, ctrrrfrrr EJrrr ccaAuHu. llepe.lonu rlaJrb- qeB pyrc r nor 6ea cueqeHtr.E. He6o..uure rrope3br (6o.ree Asyx .$ofiros Ha reJre r 6o.ree oAHoro piru,a xa mqe). C.aa6ue cor: pffceBtr.fi. llepe.roxurpy6uarux rocrefi pyx 6es cueqeHuff. Cr;rrnue [opealr (6o.rree qerHpex .Eofixos Ha .lrrlqe EJrll rtpoggKzuoqlle n 6o.nee r.ly6orme lrflrrne rrcaHr{, Harrpruep uunqu). llepe..noru pyr co creqenrlela. Ilepe.roxu rpy6uaox rocteft nor. Paspua ceJreaeHrlr. Msorecr- BeBHbre [epeJrorLr pe6ep c oAHo- cropoxne 6onraroqefica crenrofi rpy4xofi K.Jrerrctr 17 AIS 5 Kpnrnuecrre rpaBxLI(negucoraa BepoflTnocrb nrrxaagn.r) AIS 6 - Maxcrua.lbuaf, crerreHb TpaB[rI ( se noAAarotc.a JreqeHr(& B HacTofiqee apexa) .l[ryctoporraa 6 o.rtaroqascs creurca rpygxofi r{JIerKn. O6urpnue pa3phlBu treqenlr. 06ear"rasrnBaHrre. Maccasnoe BHyTprrqepe[Hoe KpoBoreqeHue, [prrBoAr(qee r cuepTeJrbHouy Ecxo.(y B TetreH[e 60 xrxyr. llonepeunrrfi paop[ID aoprlt c Heue.qJleHBofi uaccuaxofi uote- pefi'xpoau. .llannaa rJacc[Qurarrua r.Execrn rpaBr yqrrrLlBaer' qro B HeKOTOp6IX CJryqa.f,)( cuepTb uoxeT HacTyurTb B peSynbTaTe cTe- qeH[fl paga o6croflTeJlbcrD. Ona uoret Hacryrrrrrb or rpaax .,no6ofi creuegMfirecrrr tlJtn Aaxe B pe3yrbrare oc;roxnerulfi(nanpnuep, Eor.4a Jreroqnafl eu6o..rrra paoBuBaercfl Ha $one cpaB- HrrreJrbno HegnarrsreJrrnux tpaax). IIo atofi Eplrquge oga He BbI- AeJrflercn a oco6yro rareroprfio. Bouee .qera.rlbHaa rpaAaqrrfl ' rcoropafl OarTlrqecrtt aBJrflercfl .qaJlbHefiEefi Aerzurlr3aqEefi AIS' Aaerc8 so Bceo6lex.rooqei [raJle rpaBr (CRIS) (17). Kar AIS, tar r CRIS AoJLxHu orlenrBarbcfl Bpaqarx, qTo orpaHEqnBaeT E( Irp[xeHeHrre B HalgtoHaJlbHofi C[C- Teue AJra perncrpaqu[ ga6oresaerocts. Bolee roro' AIS He BtrOJtHe IIpIIUeHlrMa B CJIytIaflX UHO]f,eCTaeHH[D( TpaBU, roropue B Halte Bpeufl craHoBtrca ace 6o;ree pactrpocrpaxenHLlru npu .qo- poxuo-TpaacrloprHLD( rrpo[cnecrBlrffx. .ll4a peuexrs etoi upo6ue- uu 6u.na [peAnoreHa eqe oAHa crrcrexa, uaBecrka.r rarc lpa.4arlua Trrecrr rpaBx (I8s), Koropa.fl onpegenfferct rar cyur.a rBaApa- ToB Ha[BLrcnrrx [olcaoate.nefi no AIS AJIS Tpex xau6olee crrJlbHo TpaBxr{poBaHHHx yqacrroB TeJa (15). llcc;re.qoaanEn, trpoBeAeH- lrLre Ha ocuoBe otofi cucteux, rlorcaSuBarcT, qto cueprHocrb yBe- Jrrrrr[Baerc8 trpf, Harsqtrrr TpaBr B eqa oAHoY. g.JLA. AByX ytlactrax TeJra, .qare ec.rrr 3Tu AorIoJIHrrTeJrbgLIe TpaDuil cauu tro ce6e s se .aBJl.arorca .JreraJrbHLluu. Brtctpo pacryqee qrrcJro cJtyqaeB uxoxecr- BeHHbD( Tpanu - cpaBHBTeJrbHo HeIaaHo [oflBrrBlllaac.a oco6eHHocrb Aopoxnbrx rporcuecrBrfi (18). Brruo orueqexo BbrrroJlr{eunoe a Bemrco6prlrafivttt (7) rccneAo- BaHrre, B Koropox 6u.ra [pocJreJreua BoafixocB.fl3b uexAy ISS n cMepTHocTbro, cporou HacTy[.reHrIfl cuepTrr, [poAoJlxrrTeJIbEocTbro roctrrrraJrlr3ag:Lru a rrHBaJIIrAHocrbrc. Buna o6napyxeHa recHat B3arr![ocBfl3b uexAy cre[eHbro rpaBuu (oupeAe;senofi corlacno I9S), ,r qrrcJrou cMeprHbrx cJIyqaeB, a Tarcxe flBHaff Bo3pacrHafl l8 aaBrrcutaocrb; craeprHoctb cpeA[ 6o.nruror [oxrJroro Boopacra Brl- tre rrpE o.ursaroaoi crelreH[ rrxecru TpaBrH. Xola tecxaa BSarruocBflob Tar:fe [pocJlerEDaelcff rerrqy trorcaSaTeJr.flxu E cllc- rexe ISS E Bpeuerer BacrynJreu[.t creprr, rrpoAorrrETeJrbHocrbx, npe6uaaxza a 6o.lrnnqe tt crerreablo EtlBaJltrrqraaqrrr, Tara.fi 3a- tsonorepHocrb npo.rBJrnerca 6o.lee orqerJruBo AJI.E rpyuu, qeu Anff oT.qe.[blfiD( nEq. C qenrro AorroJrrrerras rc.iraccrQrraqr{E T-Execrrl Tpaar rarcrLrr cncreuars, rar AIS r ISS, 6urr paspa6orax Hx4erc .qeQopraqnr or croJrrcxoBeHaa (CDI) (19) c qe.lrro o6ecnerreHtra Boorornocrtr cpaaHeHu.E co cTerregbro troBpelAerrs.E aTorartrErr. B aacno.qee Bperfl rrper4rrpnruxartca troflLrrrrr ycoBep[reucr- BoBarb AaEHyro crlcreuy rqnfl [oJryqesu.fi ExQopuaqrlx o6 [oueneH- HI'E CrOpOCTrr B rroreHT AoporHo-TpaBcuopTHoro [poEcrtrecTBEa, T. e. AJr.fi onpe.qeJeuE.fl o6qefi aHeprm, EepeAaBaeuoft arroua.wxe , a qepe3 Hee u EaxoA.qllrc.fl B Hei Jrrqara. Bce anneosEcarrHue cEcrerlr perrcrparlEE .(o.rrHu 6ulr oqeuenu raa.lrQuqupoBaxHLlraE E OtrUTHUrE BpaqarU, qTO OrreHb OrpaBEquaaeT II)( [pExeBeHrre B HaqEoHarbBLrx cEcrefax perucTpaqEE TpaBuaTESra B pe3yJlbrare loporHo-Tpanctroprrrux uporcmecrarfi. o4xaro' oru cEcrerLt rroJe3Hll Eprr oqeHre resee cJtorllHx cECTer, OCHOBaTITTLD( Ha OqeH- rcax, EpoESBolrvr{x HereAEqEHcrEr lrepcoHa.trox, IIo oco6egHo ae- i[Erco Ex 3HatresEe AJa EayrrHoro aIraJESa .4oporHo-TpaHctroprHLtx trpouclrecrBEE c yqacrEer BLtcoEoKBarE@rqEpoBaHHLIx HayqHLD( pa- 6otnuroa. B ronequor rrtore ctaxer Boarorxur ycrauoBEtb cB.aob ueriqy AaHHbIvu o6 yc.noauax oxpyraroqeft cpenDt, co6rpae- rtrra lroJrrrquefi na recre trpotlcIlectBu'r., E AaHIrLtxEr perrcrplrpye- uLrxr B 6onssEqe rLJrE E.rrBEKe, rcyAa Irocryuaer nocrpaganmufi. B peoyrrrlare c6opa BaqEolra.rbrrux crarMlErrecrEx .qarrxLlx 6y.ler ocyqecrBJr.flTbc"fl trpE rrcrloJrb3oBanng 6o;ree coBeplreHHLIx cEcrer perrrcrpaqsu. Ogxaro oro He 6y4el AocrrrHyro s 6Jrzrafiflee Bpeulr, noorory cJreAyer paapa6arunarb E ueuee cJIorHEe cucre- ru teryuefi ot.lernocru, rrc[o.[b3oBaHtre Koropxx rq.rt perEcrpa- rItrE Tflrecrr! TpaBr xe norpe6yer BLlcorornarruQr[npoBarnoro trepcoHa..[4. HeAasHo 6rur npoaa.;reu rrrlTepec r flpoAoJrrllreJrbtrocrrl rrpe- 6uaanns g 6oJtarlqe Kar rrora3areJrro rsrecrr yBeqbn E Bepo'f,T- HOCTE EHBaJtUArOaqru. Bu.l npoaegeH aEaJrn3 .4aBIrbIX O BCex IIoctpa.qaBIIItIxBAopoIHo-TpaHctropTHtD(IlpollclllecTBuflx'IIocTyIII{B- rtrrrx B 6o,nrnrqy B TeqeHrre AByx ,rer B oAHor us pafionos Benu- ro6pzcannn. AHa.IIRS IIOKa3aJ, qro 8do HeCtracTHLIX CJyrraeB c TpaBuaI[, oTHocqI(MItCt IC Tpefbeil *tn 6o.nee sucorcofi crenenn 19 tro AIS, 6yAyt [paBr{Jtbno KnaccrQurqpoBarru' ecJlrr B rcaqecrBe Kprtepn.fl 6y4el ueot oLpno.q rraxorAenr!.a a 6onrnrqe B TeqeHrle Tpex rl 6o..nee gnefi (7). 3to - upocroi r o6lertuaur,ti ueto4, Koropbn{ cuoxer rroJlb3oBarbcfl EeuoArotosJreuxbd nene.ryrquncrxft IrepcoxaJr r roropui ropao.qo 6o.lrrme coorBercrByer tcJrunutrecro- uy oEpe.4eJreHlrrc T.fl.xecTu TpaEu' qeu cyqecTByroq,Ee otrpeAeneBsa' ncrroJrboyenue no.truqnefi . llprruenexue aroro lrero.qa npr cocraBrenuu naqnonalanoft cTaTtrcTlrrcE IrooBoJtuT ropa3.qo IyqItIe oupeAeJl.flTb crelreHb TpaBu B peoynbrare Aoporuo-Tpaucrroprrrb[K trpotrcnecranfi rl BepoffTuocrb $tIBaJt,,4g,3a'J,I. llurepecuo oruetsrb' qro HercoropLle crpaxu yre rar rr[ Maqe upuHsnu lrorcaSareJlb llpoAofi]rreJlbHocTu naxox.qenra a 6o.nrnuqe B rcaqectBe rplrrepus Ttrecru rpaBuu. B {exoc-rosa- rcrlr, rraqlilHas. c 7980 ro4a, Bce trocrparqaB[ue trptr .qopoxuo- TpaHcrroprxrD( rrporcttlecrBrr.Ex 6ylyr Haxo.4rlTbcs rroA roHTponeu B TerreHue ceuu .qnefi (8). IfuraccuQuraErr.fl TpaBu rarcxe cBff3a- Ha c npogoJrureJlbllocrbrc trep[oAa ErrBanuAxoctu (.nerrrre rpaBuLI - l-42 ,qua, TsxeJrLIe - 6onee 42 lrrcia). B Aacrpru yBeqbs, TPe- 6yrwa roctr[TaJllr3aq]rlr B TeqeHEe 21 n 6o.nee guefi, rnacc]r0lr- qtrpyrorc.ff $alc I'T.me.rue" (2O). B OeAepatraxofi Pecuy6.nzre fepuanun aroa treproA cocraBJrfletr oAgrr .4enr (21 ). B llopaerrrr, rraquuar c 1 ruaapa 7977 toga, Tflxecrb rpaBxu onpe.4eJraercfl Bpaqauu s 6oJru[ue. Tpaauu c .JleraJlbtrbtu [cxoAou lrnrl flplrBo- .rl.fitture r trocro.naxofi Ensar[.4xocrlr xlraccsQruzpymrcfl tcax'roqenb cepreoHuett. Tpaaurt c tgxe.trofi lcJlrrnrqecrofi raptunofi' IcoropLle He AoJrxHf,I [prrBecrlr K ./Iera.Jlbuory BcxoAy rIJrR rrocroffxxoil [xsa- ,rrIAHocrE, ctlurarorca rtcepbeaHbD(u" , d ocraJrbHLlg - tt.JtgrKrturr'r e2) . 3to npn6lusuTeJlbuo coorBercrByer crerlen.au 5-6, 3-4 a 1-2 uo AIS. Iloc.;reAnue crarucrl{qecrue AaEELIe [oraoa- JrIt, qTo BBe.4eHrre .4axxofi rcJaccIIotIraqIIII ne BHSBaJIO BrrraKrx rpygnocrefi a Hopnerur. Bce eqe ocraercfl npo6.reua Heup[roAnocrr{ c5rqecrByoqux KoAoB l\fi(( .q..ra oflrrcauEfl TpaBu rrpn Aopoxno-TpanctroprnbD( [po- uclltecTBnax, o qex noBop[.rocE B HaqaJre AaHnoro paSAeJa. Texgltqecraf rpyrrna pefirrJra percoueHAoBarb cooAague cfieqrraJrb- noi pa6ouei rpyuuu, rrro6rl [peAJloxrrrb rloupaBrrl rc oqepeAHouy [epecMorpy MKB, a roroplD( 6u.nu 6u orpareHbl yrcaoanHble uoueH- TbI. 20 7. I,I}IBA]II{.4IOCIb O.renr Hergorrre crcreuu collra.lbHoro o6ecue.{eaxa Erpouefic- roro perEona cnoco6sLt oqexurb, a rarofi cretreuu rqoporxo- Tpaxctroprrrue uporlctlecrBsfl cnoco6crnyror yBeJrrqeBrrro Eoraaare- .refi mraa.nu.4socra, xora npn6rraareJltxLte AaflHue, ocHoBaHEHe ua ua6"mo4eggrr oag.arocrn 6o.,rrrggqHfD( IcoeE ugBaJruAar' cauAe- TenbcrByor o ror, qro IDC ttBsJta4rr pacrer. rrMuxpouepeurcbil, rrpoBeAeusaa a OegeparrsnoE Pecuy6..tuxe lepraxm B arrpene 1966 roAa, troxaaa.Jta, qro BcJreActBrre Aoporgo-TpancnoprgbDc EporlcmecrBuft oro.no 1oo cnrr fioAefi crpaAaJllr or @rlSEqecr]tx [.ru rrcrxsqecrax AeOeEToB lrn6o no.nyuarr rreHcM! uo EHBaJn.{Hocrrt Ao Aocrrrerrur treuctrorHoro aoepacta (23). HccJreAosaxrle' rrpo- BeAeHHoe anrlnicrsxr yqeHurll, troraoaJlo, uto 6o.lee 3f, repta Aopoxxo- TpaxcEoprrux trporlctle crBuft o cr asa.r[c b trHBaJr[Aaurr qepea rneccb xecflqeB rrocJle HecqacrHoro c.lyuaa (24). Ana.lna 4342 cayreaeB rrocryrrJregtr.E B Bnpxnxreucryrc TpaBraaroJrorrqec$yx) 60.rrnuuy (25) e 1961 ro.qy uolca3zi.tr, cto 2510 trocrparqaBlrrx ro- TOIq16.lsgrOA, 2710 BoArrreJrefi aBtouaflrrH u 1710 BeJrocEueArrcroB cranyr lrocroarlrutan lrrrBaJru.qartl. Oro.no rpert cJryqaeB EHBa- ruArrocra 6ruru rare;ruru, a lroJtoBrrna - cpegxei T.a:recrrr. Bo- Jree EoroBEItLr Jruq, cTaB[Iux u,lBaJ[frAatlld B peoyJlbTaTe aBapErr' 6u.rr uo;rore 3O .rer. ffctto, uto HeBo3raorHocrb BuflBJIeHIra reprE Aoporuo-ttpauc- troprnLrx rrporrcnecrBsft no AorcyueHToB crcrer coq[a.lbuoro o6ec- IIEIIEHU.E, PETECTPTPYIOqE( JItrq' IIOJIYqAIOqIIX UEHCEX) IIO EBBAJItrA- Hocrtr, aBJr.Eerca cepbeonbru HeAocrarrou Bo lrxortrx clpanax Pe- rlrona. Buno 6u [oJre3xo rrpoBecrr arcc[eputaeuTaJtbnEre f,ccJteAo- Baru{a rro BLr.EBJreHrrro Mero,4oB c6opa oroi Barnofi unQopuaqlrr n rcprrTeprreB AJIff oflpe.qeJleEufl THBaJEAHOCTU rrptr CTaTrrcTtrqecEou yqere. 3ra upo6*eua EpeAycuotpeHa llporpaxnofi coqtraJlbHbD( rroraoare.nefi OACP, orqerLr o xotopofi sacJryx[Balor BHrrate.rrbHoro II3yqeBIIfl. c.regyet rarxe usyrrzrb yluo[q[poBaEELte EoraSare- Jrtr , rcrloJlbS yeubre crpaxoBtlrrr xorllarllr.flxll . 27 8. PETUCTPATI{fl .qArIHilX O OATflOPAX OKPyXADIuEI1 CP4rW Texsuqecraa rpytrua B ocrroBuou ExtepecoBa.lacr c6opou u perrrcrparl[efi ctatxcrnqecrrrx .4auHbtx, xaparcrepusyloqu.>c creneHb TflXeCTtr TpaBU trpE .qopoxHo-Tpanc[opTEbD( rrpo[c[ecrBrr8x, a ra,{- xe orxoc@nxrc, r yqacrul{rax Aopoxxoro ABureuur Qarropauu' roropbre MorJItr ffBl{Tbcfl rrpnqlrrrofi Hecrracruoro cnyqafl. Ilpo6ue- ua c6opa AaHELrx tro Oarropar. orpyxaroqefi cpeghr yre pacc!.arp[Ba- ,racb. O4xaro 6u.lro otnerreEo, tITo BaJf,Eux rrcroqBnrou orur6or B CTaTECTITqeCTIiX AaHlIlD( O loporBo-TpaHclroprHux [poEcllecTBuax UOXET ffBUTbCfl TO, IITO g O6AAAHBOCTII UOJIEIINE BXOAtrT PETIICT- paqrr.fl oAHOE EJrtr HeCrOJIbKrp( OCHOBHED( trpEtlrrH HecqacrHoro cJIy- qa.fl Aaxe rorAa, IcorAa orIeEEAHo, trro Hecqacrnufi c.lyuaft 6uu Bbr3BaH p44ou asanuoAeficrB][oqlD( QarropoB. .4axrute perrcrprrpy$Tca uoJttrrT'eft o6u.rro B coorBercrBIrE c rpopuofi, rcoropaa AoJrrHa 6urr oauo.nxena spu Ear.qor EecqacrHor cJlyqae. IIpu trpoBeleHuon s Afioae (CIIIA) ana.mae tO4 cJlyqaeB AOpOTBO-TpaHCIIOpTELDC rrpo[cEecrBtfr 6tt,ts BLlaB.JreHLI 668 agaruo- AouoJrHsroqEx oaKTopoB oEpyxaroqei cpeAf,r, u3 roTopLDC 7flo aoo- Aeftcrsoaaull sa BoAETe,ta, 5@o - rra aBtrortuurHY, 2 37olo - $a ApyrEe acuerTbr orpyxapqeft cpe.(bl (26). [Ipa uouurre oaperEcr- prrpoBarb orE Oarropu Ha cran/qaprxor 6nanre (Qopre) llaq.ronanr- HOrO COBera UO 6e3OUaCHOCTE OraAa.'IOCb, qTO Ha OTOU 6.laXrCe uoryr 6urr eaperucrprlpoaanu ro.rbro 140 sa otux QarropoB' 8flo RO KOrOp[D( aOageficlrByroll Ea qenoBeKa, llolo - sa aBroxarllEEy Il Her rrII o.qHoro oarropa, ornoc@eroca r ApyrE actrerrar orpyxaroqeft cpeADr. .[annaa oopua fB.rnerct oclroBofi EaqrroHaJrb- noft crarucrrrqecroE AoKyueETarl1lu tro Aoporxo-TpaxcnoprxLlra rrponc[ecrBrrflr, Eoueqaeuofi n uy6.lurargu "Accident facts"(Oarru o Hecqacrrrux cJIJrqa.D(). TexHuqecrat rpytttta oruerlrJla, qro B 6o.lrauunctse crpalr B ocHoBy Oopu perrcrpaqrlrl Aopoxno-TpaxcrloprHblx nponcneclnui [oJroxeHbr oneparrrBrrbre r! rcplrguqecrlre acuercrf,I; 6o.ree roro, ocHoBHoe BHr{uaHue B HtIx yAenaeTcn cropee upltrEHe lrecqacTHoro cJrytra.E, a He trprrqlrxau aa6o;reaaenocrg rr cueprlrocrrr He[ocpeA- CTBeHHO BO Bpex.fi HeCqaCTHOTO Cryqan [Jtrr cpaSy re [ocJle Hero. Elruo coo6qeso o rpex clrcre![ax, cooAaHBbDC B Coe.qunennux Illrarax B trolbrrre ycrpaxrrb orl{ He.qoctartrr, a EreHHo o uxoro- AlrcqflunrrBapnoft rpynne no paccJIe.4oBaHlro AopoxBo-TpaHc[opTHbDC nporcrrrecrBail, o crrcreue perrrcrpaqsu .qopoxHo-TpaacfloprnLrx [por{cEecTBrti4 c nera,nbEblu Rcxo.Aou u o Haqr{oHaJlb8ofi cacreue nn6opounoro ugyqeHtrfl Aoporno-TpaflcrroprHLtx uponcuectaufi . ,t 9. CBfl3b PET'IICTPAI&OHHUX .UAItrilX Heo6xogmro paepa6otarb cEcrexy cBaotr (nnnrara) .qaHHbD( perrlcTpaquu, [ocKoJrbrcy coc]EecTBoBastre .qByx rpyn[ AaHHbD( .flr.[aerca o.qsofi rlo TJTaBHLD( rrpnquu rrhtneuuero Hey.(oBJrerBopr!- TeJIbHOTO COCTOflHUfl CTaTECTrrrsfi AOpOIHO-TpaHCIIOpTHLTX EpOr{CItIeCT- anfi. .{axnue lroJrtlqqa, Ha roropLD( ocxoBbrBaercff HaqllonaJlbgaa crarEcrura, Brc"rEoqaror uHoro AetaJreir o6 ycnoar.o< orpyxarqeft cpeAf,r, o4traro E aHaqrre.rrbHo !(eHbrllefi crenenu ocBeqaror Irpuqacr- HbIe qeJroBerrecrrre Qarropu - B trporrrBotroJrof,Hocrb Aarrxux 6o.lr- nuqnofi per[crpaqEtr. Tar, a [ocJreAxux qacro rre yraouBarcTcfl KaTeropEu yqacTrrtrKoB AoporHoro ABEreErra E uoreT Aare He yKa- oblBarrcff, qro Hecqacrxufi cnyuai ornocn.nc.fl E paapJrAy Aopoxxo- TparrctroprnLD( uporcnecrnrfi. Ilonurrr ycraxoBf,rb cBnob uexAy arrxu AaEBbIxu oraouBaJrucs 6esycueuxLlu4 Bc.[e.qctBlre He3annTe- pecoBaruocrr!, Hecrroco6nocrr nperqocraBETb pecypcu .1116o upo- tssoAeficralra, cB.floaHHoro c ronouAenqrarbHocrbro 6onrxuqnux AaHHbDC. Heo6xolruo, oAsaro, coAeficrBoBarb no.qo6nror ycuJrttfix, IIOCrOJlbrCy OHE UOryT OrCaSaTb SHaqUte.rbBJrIo IIOIOUb B trOBLrrrreHIIU rrarqernoc rtr crarEc rnnrr Aopoxxo-TpanclroprxLrx npoucuec raufi . flpo6;rena ronQaAeurtrraJrbuocrz raorer 6urr upeogoJreua uyreu uc- tro.rlbooBaHu.B coBpereHHLD( KoxtrbloTepoB. B 1973 roAy rrpeAcraBrrreJlu ED3, npzxruaBuue yrracr[e B Cuequa;ranox coBeqanrru no crarrrcrnrce .4opomro-TpagcnoprgDo([porclrecrBufi, npoae4euHox lpyrnofi orccleproB E3K no 6eoonac- HOCflI AOpOXHOTO AAUreErrr, trpe.4Jrox[ntr EpOBeCT[ B pAAe CTpaH rlayqeHre Borrpoca o cBaorr perncrpaqtrouxrD( AaHHLDC. Peay..rrrca- Tou ororo flBrl,racb paspa6orrca Peruoxa;rrnuu 6ropo coBuecruo c E3I( perucrpaqronnofi Oopulr, ocnoanoft aa.qaqefi rcoropofi flBJr.f,erc.ff o6ocxoaaHr.re HoBoro oupeAeJreuus rsre;rofi lpaaru, ygo6noro 4;r.a trparrEqecrono lrpEuegenra. .(,aanoe EccJe.qoBaBEe 6u.lo ogo6peuo B 7974 roay Ha coBeqaunu lpyuurr orcrreproB E3K no 6eaouacxocrr Aopoxno-Tpaxcrroprrroro ABrrreurrff (27), a npe.qcraBrrreJrau tnecrtr crpan 6uno upe4noxeuo pacc!{orperb BooxorHocrb yqacrx.E B arou lrccJleAoBarr[[. K corauenrao, Htr oAHa Ir3 orrrx crpax He cuorJra [puBaTb yqacTl{e B Hex, E tro3Touy EccJreAoBagtre He cuorJro 6urr upogo;ueno (28). B 1978 ro4y PeruoHaJrbxoe 6ropo yupegg.no Cnerffa.nr HYIO pa- 6oqyro rpy[rry rro ue4rrqrrHcrcordy uoHt{Top[Hry AopoxHo-rpaucflopr- HLD( [po[c[ecrsrrfi. Coo6qeuue o coBeqauuu orofi rpyunu, rAe ESnOXeHLr BaXHbre [peAtOXeHI{A O CBASI{ .qaHHbD(, rqaeTc.fl B a1 llpuJoxeEIIII I. B nacronqee Bpe!(t Helcoropble crpaHH [HTarorcff Bne.(pEtb KoHqerlqEro o cBaSI! AaBHUX B CBOrr CrrCTeubI perEcTpa- qrrrr Aopoxno-Tpatrc[oprHLDc lrporcnecraufi. Opranu o6qectseH- Eoro oApaBooxpaxeurrs rocyAapcrB-qJleHoB Ao.rf,rBLI 6utr roroau orcaSarb rro.44epxKy AaHrrbrr HaqurraHuffx' EpoBoArrrr pa6ory no paabacHeHu$ tro.rlol(rrre.JlbHoro aHaqeHrlfl llHoopuaqEtr r roropaa Mo- xer 6utr rroJlyqeHa B peoynbrare o6ecne.reEu.E cBfl3l[ perucrpa- qrrorrnLD( .AaHHbD(. llprnrepou uoxer cJlyrurb qzpryrap Munrctep- crBa oApaBooxpaxeHlra CoeAsxennoro Kopoleactna, roloprul rr3Jraraercfl n llpu.rorensuII r Hacrorqery orqery. 10. IOMEHHI{POBAHIM .UAItrITIX Apyrrrx oacJlyxrBaroEux BHEuaHrra aotrpocor aB.nflerca ron6u- Hr{poBaHEe AaEBbD( paSnuqHbD( TurroB - tIonsrBII' cBnAeTe.irbcrB o cuepr[, 6onbnllq, cEcrexll corDraJlbHoro o6ecgeqetruS' o [poEa- BoAcrBeHHox rpaBuarnsue, aa6oteBaeuocru' HeBhD(oAax Ira pa6o- Ty, AaHBLD( crpaxoDLlx roxuanrfi. Paapa6otanbr ueroAEr ro16r- HupoBaruff AarrHbD(, rr ory pa6ory crour rrpoooArrrb Aaxe B Tou c,ryqae, ecJrrr Boouoxxo .nrur ony6.lrEroBarb BcIo rluemqJrloca IrH- Oopxaurro n ygo6noft .4JIa BocrrpnaTrra Qopxe. Co Bpelreueu sTor flpoqecc xoxer 6nrr aauegen rrJlrr Aotro.rluelr crcteuofi cBnou(.nanrara) .qaHHbIx. Xopouufi flpulaep rcox6unxpoaaxr{g AaHHED( coAepxurcs B orqere Mexgyxapo4Hoft accoqxarlE[ [O trsyqeHr'fio loBeAeHI{a aoAure.nei' rrocB.qeHHou ana.rl[oy 0arropoB' B..rlu-Eroqux Ha qlrcJro Ir rnrecrb Aoporuo-Tpauc[oprHLlx flpolrcuecrBr^fi (29) , Euuo yraeaHo, qro EOK, MOT u BO3 upoBeJlrr coBeqanre c qeJlbx) paqEoHaJrI43arIHIr CtlCTeU CTaTr{CTUqeCTCEX OTTIeTOB 3TD( TpeX Op- ranraarluil o cueprHocrn u oa6oleBaeuocru B peSynbrare He- cqacrHbrx cJryr{aeB. 11 . PA3B!tsAMIIHECS CTPAIIbI Bnruanre 6nno o6paueuo Ha 6ucrpufi poct upo6.rexbr Aopor- Bo-TpaHcrloprHbD( rlponcuecrBnft a paeruBaroquecff crpauax' qro o6yc..rroa;rnaaer cpoqxyro neo6xoAuuocrb HaJIaxrBaHrr.E perucrpaq[E rr xpaHeEfifl cooTBeTcTByroqefi nHoopxaqru. Mer4y TeI BuflclluJtocb' rrro HercoTopbre pa3BuBaroq[eca cTpaHDt co3r4arcT crrcTeMHt 24 rroBftopffroqEe rHorlte cepbe3HLre Ee.qocTarru, [pxcyqtre cEcTeMar paoBETLD( crpag. Bu"ro orneqego, trro Perronaarnoe 6ropo xa- uepeBaerc.E rrpoBecra Eccne.qoBaH[e Eo [po6Jreue Aopoxuo-Tpanc- uoprrrLx EpoEc[rectBaft a paaauBarolgxc-fl crpaxax, r Texszqecraa rpy[ua cquraer, uro oco6oe BHrxarrre rIpE orox cJre.4yer o6pa- Tsrb Ha Barlryto upo6.reuy coo.qarEfl cucrex EH@opxargu c qeJrbx) o6ecue.rerufl paoBrlBaroqD(cff crpaH HaAexEbuau perof,eHAaqtrffuu no c6opy crarEcrnqecrn( AaHrr[D( o Aoporxo-TpaxcuoprHux trpoEclrecrBu.Ex. 12. BrrBODr Ile.ns. Opraxu o6qecraennoro oApaBooxpaxesur AoJrrHU olpe- rqeJrurb, rcarcor ErJrarq oHtr uoryr BHecaE a .{eJro yJryqrneHu.E c6opa crarnclrEqecrEx AasHbDC o .4opor8o-TpaHcrropTHrD( [poEclllecrBrr.D( c yqerou aa.4aq, yraaaunLrx B paorqeJe 3 Aannoro orqera. KoAu MKB. Caegyer [poBecrf, EccJre.qoBarras, .rro6u o[pe.qe- rrrrb, HacrcoJtbrco EpaBrrJrbxo coo6qaerca EuQopuaq[ff o reraJr6H6D( Hecqacrrrhrx c.ryrrasx B coorBercrBEa c roAars MICB. Heo6xo.qr- lao orrpegeruTb, Hacr{oJrbro rotfxo py6prru MI(E cuoco6xN xaparre- plraoaarnb rpaBxu B peoyJrbrare AopoxxlD( uponctnecranit, a opnaxLr o6qecraenxoro 3ApaaooxpaHenrr.fl cJre.{yer rlooqpflTb coo6qarr ux- Oopxaqruo o rarrD( HecqacrrrbD( cJryqaru( rro roAara N u E. HxaaauAnocrr. Cre4yer cpoqxo o6parurr Bxrxarrlre xa neo6- xo.4Bl(ocrb rrpeAocraB.reEur EHoopxaquu o lloEaoarerfix tlH,BaJrrn4- rrocrrr B peoyrbrate Aoporxo-tpaHctroprruDc rrpoEclrecrarfi. lo- cyAapcTBa-qJreHLr c.reAyeT trooqpflTb [poBo.qrrE orleBrcy cooTBeT- cTBrra lleplIoAa noc[rrTaJrtr3aqurr crerreHrr TarecTE Ir uepcuelcrEBe rrHBaJrur4rroc Tu [octpa.qaBmrD( B pe3 yJrbTaTe AoporEo-TpaHcrropTHbrx upoucmecrarfi. Mepu upeAorspaueHsr tpanxarrcraa. Oopru perlrcrpaqurr Ao- poxro-TpaHcrroprrrbD( rrpoacnecrBrrfi 4onrxu BrcJrrcqarb pa3AeJru .4Jra 3anl{crl rlxQopuaqrlr o cpeAcrBax ll ctroco6ax oaqxrbl or rpaBl(nanprxep, o6 ucno.rbaoBaHrtr peuxefi 6esonacHocrE, oaqurutD( ItrJIeUOB n r.A. ), a tarre o oalcropax, roropue BJrHffroT Ha Be- porTHocTb AoporHo-TpaEc[opTHErx uponcuecrarfi . Csaaa (;rlrrrrax) perrrcrpauloHHLD( AaHHLtx. Oprarau o6qect- BeHHOTO 3/qpaBooxpaHeHrrff CJreAyeT rrpnErriaTE arcTuBHoe yqacrlle B ocJ4ecrBJreHutr Mep AJUI o6ecueqennfl cBg3lr AaHHLD( troJrrrqntr E 25 6o.lrurq o cryqa.rx tpaBr BcJreAcrBEe Aoporxo-Tpanctroptxrlx uporcuecrnufi. Kou6rnuponarure Aanuux. Cuelyer Iroyqsrb uero4Lt rou6n- HrrpoBanua AaHHID( crlcrex coqza.rbrroro o6ecueqenlrff, crpaxoBa- rlIIA aBTOTpaECrIOpl[HLIX CpeACTB, O rIpOr{oBoAcTBeHHOX TpaBra- Ts3ue, 3a6oneaaetrocrrr r cy4e6no-xe.qlrluxcrofi ctatrctrre. Teu speuener cJleAyer ocyu(ecrBJr.Etr c6op n ony6..rruroBasue B y.qo6noi oopxe EHoopxaqrE o reprBax AopoxBo-TpaHcnoprlrlD([poucuecrBzt, uocryuaroqei uoo Bcex orrtx I{croquuroB. Cueqaa.mnue oQqqpll. llora ne BHeApeHH rrepbr rro ynyqlreulrro KaqecrBa crarEcrtrKtr .qoporuo-TpanctroprxLlx trpoucllecrBuit, cle- Ayer [poaqoJ[xarb c6op anQopuaqu[ o cueprrrocru u ga6o.neBae- Mocrr{ c [ouoqbro orpa8EqeHHblx reorpaoErlecKlrx s Aeuorpaosqec- rrx ucc.rre.qosaxfifi. Oco6oe Bxrruaxtre cJleAyer o6panutr, Ba pa- 6ory Cneq[auraofi Texxrrqecroi rpyuuu no lre/4rlr(rHcrcouy uoHE- Topf,rrry lopoxno-TpaBcuoprHLIx uponcnectaufi . JMTEPATYPA l. trtorld Health Starisn'cs Report,25: l0 (19'72). 2. Causes and accomponytng circumstances of motor accidents involving seious personal iniury in the Federal Republic of Germany. Hamburg, Association of Third Party, Accident and Motor Vehicle Insurers, I 973 . 3. Thorson, J. & Sande, l. Hospital statistics on road traffic accidents. Proceedings of the Third Triennial congress, Intemational Association for Accident and Traffic Medicine, 1969,p.20. University of Michigan, Highway Safety Research lnstitute, 1971. 4. Bult, J.P. Road accident statistics - a comparison of police and hospital in' flormation. Accident analysis and prevention, 5: 45 -53 ( 1973)'5. Hansson, P.G. Ollicial siatistics - a true picrure of road traJftc iniuies? Paper read at the Fifth International Conference of the International Association for Accident and Traffic Medicine, London, I -5 September t9'7 5 . 6. Grattan, E. & Keigan, M.E. Pattems and seveity of iniury in a hospital sample. Paper read at the Fifth International Conference of the Inter' national Association for Accident and Traffic Medicine, London, I -5 September 1975.7. Hobbs, C.A. et al. Classification of iniury seveiry by length of stay in hospital (Report 87 l). Crowthorne, United Kingdom, Transport and Road Research Laboratory ,19'19. 26 8. Economic Commission for Europe. Report of the Inland Transport Committee, Working Party on Road Transport, Group of Experts on Road Traffic Safety. Road traffic occident statistics, document TRANS/ SCI/CE 20IRII5, para. 5. 9. Nordentoft, E.L. Road troffic accident statistics systems in Denmark. Working paper presented to the Techaical Group. 10. Jedrychowski, W. Working paper concerning road accidents in Poland presented to the Technical Group. ll. Manual of the Intemational Statisticol Classilication of Diseases, Injuies and Couses of Death, Vol. l. Geneva, WHO, 1967. 12. Economic Commission for Europe. Statlstrcs of rood taffic accidents in Europe 1976. New York, United Nations, 1977. 13. World Heakh Sransrr'cs Report (awaiting publication). 14. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Final report of Working Porty on Standardization of Intemational Statistics. Paris, t971. 15. Baker, S.P. et al. The injury severity score - a method for describing patients with multiple injuries and evaluating emergency care.Joumal of trauma, 14: 187- 196 (1974). 16. The Abbreviated Iniury Scale. Morton Grove, IU., USA, American Association of Automotive Medicine, 1976. 17. Committee on Medical Aspects of Automotive Safety. Rating the severity of tissue damage. l. The abbreviated injury scale. Joumal of the Amei- can Medical Associotion,2lS:277 -280 (1971). 18. Bull, J.P. The injury severity score of road traffic casualties in relation to mortality, time of death, hospital treatment time and disability.Ac- cident analysis and prevention, 7'. 249 -255 (1975). 19. Waller, l.A. Data systems in the United States relevant to highway safery. Working paper presented to the Technical Group. 20. Economic Commission for Europe. Inland Transport Committee, Work- ing Pa(y on Road Transport, Group of Experts on Road Traffic Safety. Road traffic accident statistics, document TRANS/SCI/GE 20/RII5, para.4. 21. Ibid., Addendum 2,para.l.2. 22. Ibid., Addendum 2,pua.4. 23. Federal Ministry for Youth, Family Affairs and Health. Stotistical public health atlas for the Federal Republic of Germany, vol.3. Stuttgart, Kolhammer, 1968. 24. Dannon, R.F.F. Cost of road accidents in Great Bitain (Report LR79). Crowthome, United Kingdom, Transport and Road Research Laboratory, t967. 25. Gissane, W. et al. Sequelae of road injuries. Injury , I : 195 ( 1970). 26. Brown cited by Waller, J.A. (reference l9 above). 27. Economic Commission for Europe. Report of the Inland Transport Committee, Working Party on Road Transport, Group of Experts on Road Traffic Safety, document TRANS/SCI/CE?OIl, Paras. 35-37 . 28. Ibid., document TRANS/SCI/GE20l3,paras. 65 -66. 29. Benjamin, T.E.A. A fifteen'country study of some facton influencing the number and seveity of road accidents. Part I - Background flacts and statistics. Paris, lnternationa] Driver Behaviour Research Association, t978. 2A llprJroxense I UE.UlI[tr{CI(Itri MOIIIITOPI,II{r .UOPOrcIO-TPAHCIOPTHLIX IPO}ICEECTBIdA 1 . .(esre.mnocrs BO3 a .4anxofi o6.ractn B orqenax o urpoaoi caxztapnofi crarEcrure peryJrffpxo [o.qqeprrBa$rcs 6olrruse uacmra6u upo6reru Aoporlo-Tpauctropr- HrD( nporcrltecra[fi, B roroprDc ereroAxo [oryqaror rpaBru 10 OOO OOO rreloner u uorr6aror 25O OOO .reaoser. Ogxaro AarrHHe, perEcTpupyerue Ha Har[loHaJ6Hor ypoBHe , 6ocrard[c.f, rroJrHlufltr. lloeroxy llcuonnure.irrnuri rorerter BO3, a aareu Bce- rarrpxa.r accav6.nea aApaBooxparr"ro"" Epe.4.roruJrrr lexepa.nrnory Auperropy paopa6oracb rrporpaury uo Epe.4yrrperAeHrrro AopoxHo- TpaHcEoprHrD( trporcrrectsni c EocJre.qJnoqntt Bo3.Jroxeurrer orBer- crBerruocrtr oa e€ ocJrqecrBJreuae na Enpouecroe perroxaJlbuoe 6rcpo BO3. Barxas poJb B stofi uporpaxre orBolETca cucrerax EItBop- uaryu o rqopoxrro-TparctroprutD( nposcnecrBuflx. B secro.nrrro< orqerax, oco6egxo o KonQepeuqrr no arru.qerrororrrlecrlrr acrrer- Tar AoporHo-TpaHctroprxrD( upoucuecraui (Bena, 79?5r.)^, uon- qeprrraaercff Heor.rroxxa neo6xoAsriocrb rronyqertrfl 6o*ee Aoclo- BepHLD( 6aooator AaHHLIX o craeprnoctr r aa6o.neBaelrocrz B pe- syJrbTaTe AoporHo-Tpagc[oprHrD( upoucuectaafi. 3to oa;rorzt pauoHaJrbHyp orruAeuEoJrof[qecr)rp ocHoBy .4nl paspa6orrt! [po- Ounarrnqecxrrx trporparu E rrJralrrpoBaraa xe.4rrlrrHcrcnc c.nyr6 gla A - [IogroroaJreHo Ha ocgoBe orqera Cueqnamsofi rexxurrecrofi rpyEtru, coaeqaHrre roropoi trpoxoAtrJro a OAence 13-15 nroxa 1978r. Epr! yqacrxn A-pa M. Eoryna, Ilomnai g-pa l.Il. .(aca, AnAr.ai A-pa P.X. "XaxccoHa, llloeqrf,; A-pa A. I,Icxau;a, Maporro; A-pa E.J. Hop4eurorra, .{anna; upo@. P.T. Crara, CIIIA a g-pa P.A.M. Yercoxa, CoeAunennoe Kopoleacrro. 6 - Peoo.noqur EBS?.R3O, or 27 flHBapfl 1976 r. ' u cr. [pororoJr Aaa.qrlam geaaroft cecclrrr Bcexxpnoft accav6- Jreu oApaBooxpanenrr, fl.aroe oace.qagre, 11 xaa 79?6 t. r Enpoueficxoe per [ofla.rrbHoe 6ropo BO3. 3rIIIAeuIIo"rorI{r .qo- poxno-Tpauc[oprHLD( rrpollcuecrBrfi . Konenrarex, 1976 r (Peruo- HaJrbnue ty6,trlrxagnra BO3, Eaponeficxa.a cepna ll9 2). ,o oraoarrrfi rroroqrt rpaBx[poBaEuur. Tarre tro.4rleprEBaJlocbr qro HatItroHaJbHHe oprallil SApaBOOXpaBeEEA AOJIITHLI trpuElryatb aICTtrB- HOe yqacTEe B ocyqecTB.reBEE uep Eo trpeAotapaqeHsrc AoporBo- TpasctroprstD( rrpoEclrecr ssE. Pa6ota Eo ueAtrq[Bcroxy xoturllopExry Ha[paBnexa Ea o(€H- $y nHoopuarF,oHrlLD( cEcreu qepeS trocpe.qcrBo cettt xe.ErIrBcrID( qeHTpoB, I{remqtD( orrLIT Eoyqerua upo6-uerarrrrE .qoporno-Tpaac- ttoprnux nporlcuecrBr'fr n ga oraaarilre rIoA.4eprKE ctrer,wra'rbuLlr rccJreAoBaHEffL IIo rISyqenElo EprrIrIH E IIOCJte.4CrSrfi Eecqactxux cryqaeB. 2. Cyqe CECTETbI lTOHIIT 2.7 HaqtroHaJbHafl CTATtr C6op u uy6.tura.Fa crarucrrrrecrrx .qaEBlDC o Aoporuo- TpanclopaELDc rlpotrcEeCTB!!D( rr TpaBxaTEoxe o6u.$o ocyEecTa,lr8- roTcfi opraHavE IIoJItrryrE n TpaHcEopTa coarecTHo C qeHTpaJrbHarw lpaBuTe.rbcrneHHbrru crarlrcrErrecrurr yupaBJleuuffun' Coo6qa- Jrocb o HeEocop[DC Her(ocrarrax B oQtrrpa.rbnoi cracgclrre' .[axnue o cueprrtLD( clyqa.E)c 6o.nee AoctoBepHLI Eo cpaBHeHErc c .qaHHLIt(E 6O;rrnrtmOi CTatECI'trICE. .llanrgre O Sa6dJIeBaeIOCTtr xe- Hee ToqHLr, a B Henofopbrx cJlyqa8)c HetroJrHue. Tar rar [oJIIlo- Ta llnoopuaqllll paSJrrrqrla B SaBrrc[uocrE oT KarerqpEll yrracrHExoB Aopox8oro ABlrIeHHa, ecrb onaceHEfl' qro oourIr2;15ll51e crar[crrr- qeclcrre AaHHble o AoporHo-TpaHcrloprHolr rpaBuarB3xe rle orpaxa- IOT peaJlbHoro IIoJlOtreHUA. 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B anaape 1978 ro.qa auonr 6u/ Haqat c6op gannro< tro Aoporxo-TpancrropraLlr rlpoucllecrBaar c qeJrbro rroyqenrrfi Boororxocrr lrctroJrb3oBaaEt lpyruoi rro axaJrMy Hec- qacrHLD( cJtyqaeB r troJlyqesnDD( a Xe.lrxcra.qe AarrrIDD( A-,Iff cpan- xesRfi. B lllaeqrrn cyqecrByer axaqrrreJlbnoe [porr{ao.qeficrsse ocyqecrBJreHnp cBfl3rr .qaHntD( E, BOAUOTHOT CpaBBlrlDe;rannfi ana- JII{3 c AaHHurB IloJulqult Epx.qeTca [poaOAnTb BpyqEylo' B Kpaxoae (llo.lrrua) ocrroBuur l{crorraliror urQopraaqm aB- tflrorcr AoBonbgo troJIHLte .4arHile utlrurrqr. Ctaructutrecrofi e.qunnrrefi flB;lgercs uecqacrxrfr clyuat, a He rlorepneamrrft. llneerca xopouaa caaob laexAy .4aHHbIrn rE.rrrqEu u uuQopnaurefi, rrocryrrarcqefi ns 6ortHnu. C6op ctatucrrrqecrrx AaHHED( I{ rrx o6pa6onra ocyqecrEJrsrotcg IIestpaJIbHLIx crarucrrrqecxNu 6ropo Ha ocHoBe xaTeprraJra, flocTynaqero II3 lruJrllqlu. B Pa6ale (Maporro) Hecqacrgue cJryqaE' rrpr KoropLD( IlueroTc.8 [ocTpaAaBEue , [oJlyqrtBlu{e yBeqba r perrrcTprrpyrotca no.,rruqrefi. 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Oco6ud EHTepec B caa3rl c HeroropLlua BrrAarE Aoporuo-TpanctroprtrbDc rrpoflcuecrBni upeg- craBJrffer uHoopraqE8 o Jrrrqax, qacro [otraAaroq[x B AoporHo- TpaHcEoprHHe rrpouc[recrBrra B .qaxuor paEoxe, a rarcre xapar- TepEcTura orIbITa AaHHoro HaceJIeHIIfl B BOrAeHrIg aBTOXanE{rr. Tpygrocra Moryr Bosrrrrrxyrr B cBaon co c6opon trHQopxa- qua o rEteJr.a)c pafiona, roropue Eo[a.rf, B .qopoxxo-,rpaucnopr- HUe rrporrcuecrBufl BHe rqaHrroro pafiona. Hxeopraqrro rro rarrr JlEqaI rorHo rroJryqaTb u3 cBs.qeTeJrbcTB o cxepTE. 5. Merogu xoHuropuxra EoJrggqxue Aaxxue .qoJrrnu 6urr ocgonuLrr EcrotrBEror EH- Qopxaquu. .l[ouo.mrare.nbua.E EH0opxaqqfl rorer 6utr uo.nyvena EA TaEM MTOqEMCOB, ICar trO.Jltrq,Eff, OpIalIU AOpOTHOTO y[paa- JreHE.E, opranEr crpaxoBanr!.E rr r.A. .l[.ra upoaegeHEa cpaBurr- Te.rrbxoro aralr\sa .qaHHDD( paoHu( rIeHTpoB cJrerqyer co6pau ru- Hrrrayu ocHoErrux AaHBLrx , roropLre laoryr 6urr 4ouonueau Apy- rm AaHEf,wE - OarynbtarrrBgLrrrE. 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Morton Grove, III, I9?6. 39 oco6rre oauetraH[.fl (6ary;rrrarnaxo). .{annrfr nynrr uorer .llono..rnerule 1 OTIPFI{PIIEII{fl Hecrracrnufi cJrvqall - HerlpeABr.qenroe co6utue ' rrpgBo.qqee E Bbtfl BJr8euouy [oEpexAeHrrro. lloooxno-rDaHctroprHoe ttporrcllectBne - Hecqactnrd clyvai, rrpoEclleAlEft aa A0pore trpE yqacrM xots 6u oAHoro ABEryqe- rocs TpaHctroprHoro cpeAcTBa Ir llptrBoA.qrfi r re.lecBory rloBper- AeHEn ;116o nonperAelrmo IryyqecrBa. 3To otrpeAe-,reHtre coorBeT- crByer olrpeAeJreHrp' ucrroJboye[ory Eapoueficroit arosoxu'recrofi xouuccnefi OOH. .[annoe [orrflTrre f,B.rflercff ctreqEOrqHEE' ecJr[ AaHo otrpe.qeJlexue reprrxoB ttgopora" E rrTpaucrroptnoe cpe.q- crBort. ,llopora - o6uqnaa Aopora' yJIEqa Ern yqaclorc' EcrloJrboyenrd AJ.f, .qBrrxeErr.f, TpaHcuopta, "'ul6o rlpEHa.qJleraqrfi tractHlnI Jruqar yqacror, trcrroJrbayeurfr s Kat{ecrBe Aoporzr BrcJtnqa.r .(opor[' r.qe ABnreur{e rpaHcrtopra Irreer recro roJrbtco a arxuuft [epr!oA. 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Всемирная организация здравоохранения (ВОЗ / WHO) · Publications
Статистика дорожно-транспортных происшествий: отчет о совещании специальной технической группы ВОЗ, Прага, 26–28 сентября 1978 года
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