Report of the tenth session of the ecological group: Bouake, 21 - 24 February 1989

ONCHOCERCIASIS CONTROL PROGRAI,IME IN WEST AFRICA PROGRAMME DE LUTTE CoNTRE L'ONCHOCERCOSE EN AFRTqUE DE L-OUEST EXPERT ADVISORY COMMIITEE Tenth eeselon Ouagadougou, l2-[6 June 1.989 ocP/EACl0. I ORIGINAL: ENGLISH Page E F G REPORT OF THE TENTH SESSION OF THE ECOLOGICAL GROUP BOUAKE, 2l-24 FEBRUARY 1989 CONTENTS COMPARATIVE IMPACT OF POTENTIALLY OPERATIONAL LARVICIDES ON THE NON-TARGET FAUNA. .......................... O ' IMPACT OF CARBOSULFAN ON THE ENVIRONMEM........ ..... . O " " REPORT ON AQUATIC I{ONITORING ACTM,TIES....; H. INDEPEIIDENT AIIALYSIS OF AQUATIC MONITORING DATA............... o. I. QUESTIONS CONCERNING AQUATIC I'IONITORING...... o.................. J. RESULTS OF I{ORK ON HEST AFRICAN FISH...o........................ K. SELECf,ION OF MONITORING SITES IN TITE T{ESTERN EXTENSION.......... L. STUDIES CONDUCTED IN THE I'ESTERN EXTENSION...........{.......... M. WORK PROGRAMME FOR 1989/90... .. ..... .. .... ........... ....... ... . O . OTHER MATTERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P. SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS a. ARRAI.IGEMENTS FOR THE NEXT SESSION. .......... R. APPROVAL OF REPORT ..... ..... S. CLOSURE OF THE SESSION TABLE I t5.5.Bcl ANNEXES I co 6 ocP/EACl.0.l Page 2 A. IMRODUCTION l. The Ecologtcal Group held lte tenEh seeelon ln Bouak6, C0te d'Ivotre, fron 2l to 24 February 1989, under Ehe Chalrnanshlp of Dr c. L6v8que. Partlclpants are lleEed ln Annex l. 2. The Programme DlrecCor, Dr E.M. Sauba opened the eeeeion by welcomlng Group l.teobera to Bouaka and by 8tre88lng the lnporEance Ehe Prograome aEEached to the Ecologtcal Group eepectally wlth regard to the gutdance lE had provlded the Prograruoe over Ehe y"..". The Group'e support of control eEraEeglee tnvotvlng eelecclve and seaeonal larvtclde uee had conErLbut,ed to maklng tlte Programme Eore coBE effecEtve whLch had, tn turn' lmpreeeed Ehe donor cooounlEy and ContrlbuCed Eowards euscatnmenE of donor confldence. 3. The Programme had always been dynarulc and ln a state of adaptatton' buE thla wae parElcularly true at Ehe Present Llne when the drug tveroecEln waa avallable Eo treaE onchocerclasls Luffererer ln Ehe knowledge EhaE lE courd be ueed efftctently on a large scale and wlthouE goxlc slde-reacEtona' 4. Slnce lts regtsgratlon (n Ocgober t'987, lvermecgln (MSD t'rade name ,'ttecEtzan(R)") had been adulnlstered tn more than l2l '000 doses durlng communlt,y trtals ln eeveral countrlee wlChln and ouEelde the OCP 8t€8' In pharmacelEtcal htetory, no oEher drug had recetved euch crtttcal communtty analyele. Accordlngly, there was absolutely no doubt thaC lvermectln had a rapti and hlghly mlcroftlarlcldal effect, had a elgnlflcanE effecE on onchocerctasls transolsslon, and, had such good eafeCy ProPert'les thaE lt could be admlnlsEered by lower echelon nedtcal personnel (nursee, medlcal cechnlctans, etc. ). 5. t{lth all Ehe requlremenBa for the Easa uae of lvernectln havlng been anply BAttafled, the Programme lras now adopClng a poltcy of treatlng anyone who was lnfecEed wtEh onchocerciale. Thte requtred a new ortentaglon of the Programue-e Cont,rol sEraEegy whlch, for eeveral yeare Eo co6e' would tnvolve Ehe optlmal uee of both lvermecttn and vect,or conErot. Hopefully, thle comblnatlon of meEhods would have a eynergtettc effect whlch would haecen the Progratme's aEt,alnement of lEe prlmary objectlve' 6. To faclllEate the expedlElous uee of lvermectln acroos the length and breadCh of the Programme area, three mechanlems would be ueed for lts dlet rlbutl0n: - che ocp, EpI Unlt, whlch would aleo conElnue wlEh lEs current nedical and epldemlologlcal actlvtEtes' - rhe ocP, vcu untc wtrtch employed many ecaff wlEh medlcal t ral nlng/background , - naElonal healCh eervlcee and non-governmental organlzaEtons' 7. In collaboratton wlth nattonal healt,h servtce8r Ehe Progranne would conttnue to evaluaEe the large-ecale use of lvermecEln. The Progranme would aleo conglnue to mon(Eor the poeslble flrsc sEage lmpact of larvlcldee on Che aquatlc envlronmenE, 1n vlew of lEs lnternatlonally recognlzed tradltlon tn thls fleld and the importanc deta S,athered ln WeeC Afrlca' However' lt had to be recognlzed chac protocols and piocedures for envlronmenEal monlEoring would probabl! need Eo be revlsed Co take accounE of changlng vector control sEraUegleE. OCP/EACt0. t Page 3B. ADOPTION OF AGENDA 8. The followlng agenda was adopced: - Report on vector conErol actlvltleg - Research on new larvlcldes - Conparatlve tupact of poEenElally operaclonal larvlcldes on the non- targeE fauna - Impact of carboeulfan on the envlronment - ReporE on aquat,lc oonitorlng act,lvltie6 - Independent analayels of aquaclc monltorLng data - Questlons concernlng aquatlc monlEorlng - ResulEs of work on WesE African flsh - selectlon of uonltorlng sltes 1n the t{estern Extenelon - Studiee conducted ln the t{e6tern Extenslon - Work progranme for 1989/90 - Other EatEerg - ArrangemenEa for the nexE sesslon - Approval of Reporr t{orklng docunente are llst,ed ln Annex 2. C. REPORT ON VECTOR CONTROL ACTIVITIES (i) lctfvltlee durlnc 1988 9. Chlef VCU explalned that the revlsed plan of operatlons for t.988 lnvolved: - full larvlclde coverage of the lnltlal OCP area, excepE for ghe most norcherly part ln whlch vector control had been diecontlnued for eeveralyeara, , - full larvlcldlng operatlons Ln the Southern Ext,enslon (comenced tnFebruary 1988), and ln the northern part of rhe Western Extenslon (the Senegal River baeln ln western t(all and part, of north-eaatern Gulnea), - eelecElve' seaeonal larvlcldlng tn the upper Nlger and Sassandra baslns of east,ern Gulnea for reinvaslon control (comenced ln nld-March 1988), - lnstallatloo of entomologlcal, hydrologlcal and loglstlcallnfraetnrctures ln parts of the West,ern ExEenelon not yet under veccor cont,rol. 10. RoEaclon of the ftve operaElonal larvlcldes, increased use ofEeletransmlEted hydrologlcal data and lncreased enploynent of conpuEer analyses of entomologlcal, hydrologlcal and operat,lonal data had congrlbuted slgnlflcantly to the lnpleuentatLon of the6e actlvttles. Larvlclde treatnenEshad been oade very selectlve and ln many river baelns they had been suspendedfor long perlods. ll. The resulcs obtaLned ln 1988 had been very good, even though VCU sEaff hadbeen faced wlth a number of imporEanE problens: - exceptionally heavy ralnfall in many norEhern savanna areas (heaviesc slnce the sEart of OCP ln some cases) whlch had signtflcancly lncreased the length of small rlvers requlring t,reaEmenE,, and had resulted in several strat.egy changes and lncreased consunpElons of larvicides; - Ehe apPearance of Eemephos reslsc,ance in Che R. Bafing, wesEern MaIl(March 1988), ln Ehe R. Bakoye, wescern Mali (Augusr igAA), and ln cheR. Oci, Togo (November t988). ocP/EACt.0.l Page 4 12. Alchough temephoa reslstance was now wtdeepread ln che Senegal Rtver bastn, lt had been succeeefully controlled ln l98E by changlng to pernethrln and chlorphoxtm. 13. ThroughouE Ehe OCP treatnenc zone Ehe entonologlcal reeulEe obtalned had been very good. In the centre of the orlglnal OCP area vector and transmlselon suppreeslon had been oalntalned at the same 1o!, levete ae recorded ln prevloue yeara. There had been vlrtually no t,ranalnleelon except ln perLpheral areas expoeed co relnvaslon. In che wesE, relnvaelon from che Weet,ern Extenalon had been partlcularly tnt,ense and of long duratlon (up to Occober 1988) but had been etgnlflcantly curEatled by larvlcldtng operatlone tn eource areae of eagtern Gulnea. 14. In the Sout,hern Extenelon, slgnlflcanE proSrese had been oade ln concrolllng onchocerclasts Eransmlsslon and 1n suppresslng eourcee of relnvaslon of che origlnal OCP area. 15. Entooologtcal studles had shown thaE savanna vectors were more wldely dlstrlbuted ln southern Slerra Leone than prevlously supposed. In addlclon, theee populatlons were eources of retnvaeton for fl1ee arrlvlng ln Gulnea and poaetbly ln Matt. Theee ftndtngs had fuuport,ant lmpltcaclone for veccor conErol ln Slerra Leone. Most ltkely temephos reslsEance would soon appear, necesslEattng a change to alternaElve conpounde at leaet on Ehe large rlvers. 16. The dlecovery of aevere onchocerclaets focl, aeeoctated wlth bllndnees and foreet veccorE 1n eouEhern Sterra Leone underllned the lnportance of lntroduclng veccor control operaElons at Ehe earlteet opportuntty. (b) Planned actlvlEles for 1989 17. The orlglnal plan had been Eo extend full larvtclde coverage steaEwards t,o the R. Fa16ra6 (Senegal baeln) and the R. Gambla, locaEed nalnly ln eaet,ern Senegal, and eouthwarde, Ehrough the upper Ntger baeln of earrtern Gulnea. In addltlon, lt was planned Eo make select,lve, seasonal t,reatmenEe Eo the rlvers of Sterra Leone. However, wlch the posslblllty of ext.ended tvermect,ln use ln the l,IesEern ExEenslon, Ehe plan of operatlons had been revlsed and now made provlelon for: - full larvtclde coverage of hyperendemlc areaa ln che ['lesEern Ext,enelon(upper Nlger basln, upper Sassandra basln, R. Bakoye tn [talt/Gulnea, R. Gambla ln Senegal and Guinea and several rlvers ln Sterra Leone) - fu11 larvlclde coverage of the SouEhern Extenelon, - larvlcldlng as requlred ln the orlglnal Programme 8r€8. D. RESEARCH ON NET.I LARVICTDES 18. Durlng che laet year relaElvely few producte had been provlded to che Programme for Eeeclng, wlth Ehe exceptlon of new B.E. H-[4 formulat,lone. (a) B.r. H-14 19. Four samples of Ehe AbboEE ABG 6265 eerles had been Ee6t,ed and three of t,hem found Eo be almost ae good aB the aEandard HPD formulatlon. One of E,hem, l5-Ot5-BR, when applled aE 0.8 mg/l at a rtver dlscharge of l.l n3/s Save a carry of 1.2 km. The ocher t,wo formulat,lone wlll be eubJected to rlver Ertals aC a Lat,er daEe. ocP/EACt0. I Page 5 20. NlneEeen formulatlons of che Abboct 32877 serles and nine of the LB2-243 serles qrere screened, buE only three were consldered t,o have toxlclcy ProPerE,les equlvalent co st,andard HPD and were retalned for further eEudy. 2L. lniElatly, a sample of AbboEr ABG 622L (loc l8-085-BR) gave good resulEsln mlnl-guEter tesEs and suall ecale rlver trlals. A larger sauple of chle formulaclon was t,esred ln minl-gutt,ers ln laEe 1988. subsequenEly lt was submlt,t,ed t,o rlver rrlals (R. Dlon) tn parallel wlEh trlals of a slmLlar Sandoz formulatlon. Although the carry of Ehe Sandoz product rras superlor tothat of che Abbott one, nelt,her of the compounds had physlcal propercles whlch made t,hen acceptable for operaElonal use. Addltional studles were tn Pro8res6. 22. Followlng nlnl-gutter cestlng of three Sandoz foroulaclone, one tlas selecced for rlver Erlal (SC 98-257-L2). The laEter was effectlve ar a dosage of 0.8 m8/L, but had operaclonally unacceptable phyelcal propert,les. 23. IE was concluded chat che pronlslng AbboEt and Sandoz formulaElons had a cotmon problen; aggloneratlon of parElculaEe materlal on Bt,orage under troplcal condlttons resultlng ln appreclable clogglng of pump filters. Both manufacEurers have agreed co try and ellnlnaEe thls undeslrable properEy. 244 It, wae noted Ehat, a llt,eraEure eearch by a Group Member had not revealed any evldence thaE B.t. H-14 toxlns perelsced ln the aquaEic envlrooment. (b) ConvenElonal chenlcal conpounda 25. OnIy four samples of synchettc pyreEhrolda nere recelved for e valuatlon; all fron Roussel Uclaf. In Erough tesEe Ehe reeult,s obtalned for the four compounds were conparable wlth those obtalned wlth other synthetic PyreEhrolds. Two conpounds, bLoresnechrln and bloallethrln, were eubjected to snall-scale river trlal. 26. Bloresoethrln at a dosage of 0.0125 ng/l and under condltlone of low rlverdlscharge Save reasonably good resulte. It was conflrued that it rra6 a potent concacc lnsectlctde, of low man'nallan and avLan toxlclty, sarrantlng larger ecale river Ertal under condltlons of hlgh rlver dlscharge. Bloa1let,hrln at, a dosage of 0.01.25 ng/l performed poorly ln the rlver trlal, glvlog only about, 952 reducElon of larvae ac the polnc of appllcaElon. Thls compound would noEbe scudled furEher. 27. Cyphenorhrln l0Z EC (,,Gokllahr (R),,) belonglng r,o che alpha-cyanopyrethrold Sroup (consldered Eo be a dlfferenr croaa-restst,ance group Eo thac of permethrln) was t,est,ed operatlooally ln che Whlte Bandama Rlver, wlth less than saElsfactory resulcs at dlscharge rates ranglng from 240-544 m3/s.Further developmenE and evaluatlon of thls producc was t,herefore consldered unjust.lfled. 28. In revlewing chese results the Group recommended that comprehenslve ecoEoxtcologlcal assessrnencs be made of bloresmeEhrln and pyraclofos. Ho$rever' the Group sEressed chat decatled data collecced on these compounds Ehe Programme area should be despatched by Ehe approprlace Programme scaff che Group l'lember desigoated co conducE E,he assessmencs before June t989. in to EocP/EACl0. I Page 6 29. Notlng EhaE chlorphoxin would soon be removed from the Progra,nme-s arsenal of operattonal larvlcldes and recognlzlng EhaE reetstance of savanna vect,or toperneEhrin and carbosulfan could appear at any tlme, wlth eerloua con6equencegfor the Programe-e st,rategy of rotaLlonal larvlclde use for tenephos reslsEance control, the Group Btrongly recoueoded that the eearch for oewlawtcldee and foranlatloos aod the urltl-8tage acreeolug of candldate conpounde be conttnred at current levels of lntenalty, for as long a8 thePrograne raa corltted to vector coatrol. COMPARATIVE IMPACT OF POTENTIALLY OPERATIONAL LARVICIDES ON THE NON-TARGET FAUNA 30. Tescs had been conducted on a new fornulatlon of bloresmethrln todeceralne lts possible lmpacE on Ehe non-target aquatlc entomofauna. The effeccs of pyraclofos on flsh were also etudled ln the laboratory t,o compare lE wlth carbosulfan and permethrln. 31. In guEter EesEs bioresmethrln lnduced overall detachnent of the enEomofauna which $ras couparable to that noted with chlorphoxlm. However, asfleld condltlons l{ere noE ldeal at the tlme of the test,e, ot,her studles were requlred t,o conflrm these resulte. In a spot rtver trlal at, lor{ dlscharge rat,e' bloresnethrtn had an lmpacE on shrtmpe. The latter srere paralyzed t,o varylng degrees but the effect was of short duracton. Crabs and flsh showed no vlslble slgns of lopacr. 32. In gutcer t,esEs tlth pyraclofoe Ehe overall detachmenE of tnsecEs was less chan chaE observed wlth chlorphoxlm, even at slx t,lnes the operaclonal doeage(less chan 402 det,achnent for pyraclofos compared to 50-8OZ for chlorphoxlnl. However, the lnpact of pyraclofos was great,er Ehan that observed wlth Eemephos. 33. The hterarchy ln general toxlclty of these compounds was, Eenephos (pyraclofos ( chlorphoxln ( bloresnethrln ( pernethrln. However, the relat,ive senstcivlty of the naln non-target, epecles t,o t,hese'coupounde taa nog the sane one co the other. 34. t{lEh regard to posslbre acute toxlclty to fleh, 1t wae noted Ehaupyraclofos had a relattvely low toxlclEy for polrlnyrlrs lsldorl and h-LC50: 0.17 ng/I forChryelchthys nlgrodlgltarus (24for C.nlgrodlgltatus; Ehe conpa compartson of the 24h-LC50 of P ratlve value for teme P.lstdorl and 0.15 ngllpIiFffio.9 ms/r). -A . tsldorl gave the followlng Bequence: pyraclofoe( carbosulfan ( pernethrln. However, lt appeared that the sane doeage lnducedhtgher norEallty wlrh pyraclo foe t,han nlah carbosulfan when Ehe exposure tlne was lncreased to 72 hours. 35. The Group not,ed that pyraclofos had glven very pronlslng results tn snall- scale rtver trlals and endorsed the Programme-e proposal to subJect tt Eo an operatlonal rlver Erlal. Three Ehoueand lltres of a 502 EC formulat,ion would arrlve ln the OCP area tn May 1989 for use durlng the 1989 wet 6eaaon. 36. It, was agreed Ehat Ehe White Bandama Rlver provlded the bedlc condltlonsfor the operattonal trlal of pyraclofoe, slnce lt offered: - hlgh rlver dlscharge rat,es, - Eenephos reslst,ant vector populatlons, low epldemlologlcal rlsks when larvlcldlng operat,lona were euepended toperolt the levels of larval recolonlzat,lon neceesary t,o conduct studleg on ttcarry", ocP/EACt0. t Page 7 - substantlal aquaElc monltorlng dat.a. 37. t{hlle acknowledglng thaE t,he proEocol used for t,he operat,lonal evaluatlon of carbosulfan was valld for the operaclonal trlal of pyraclofos, Ehe Group sEreesed chat thts lact,er coupound should be treat,ed wlth t,he utmosc cauElon.It could prove to be unacceptably coxlc co Ehe non-target fauna and ParElcularly fleh, based on a prellmlnary appralsal of the molecule whlch lndlcat,ed chat fteh would have a long exposure because of: - hlgh solublllty ln rlver waEer, - low afflnlEy for suspended organlc soIlds, - great,er stablllty than chac of carbosulfan. 38. The Group also noted che reeult,s of rlver studles conducEed ln t,he R. Kan(C6ce d'Lvolre) to lnvesElgate the effecEs of perneEhrln and carbosulfanlarvlclding on fresh-water uacrocrust,acean6 at low rtver dlscharge raEes. In conparing t,he two compounds lt appeared chac only pernethrln was toxlc t,o macrocruataceans, resultlng 1n maaa tnort,allEy aod elgnlflcant reductlon of populaElon denstEy. No such effecto were noted wlt,h carbosulfan. However, t,he result,s obcained under dry seaeon condlclons ln a snall rlver (dlscharge 1.8-4 n3/s) should be constdered as those of an experlmental toxiclty test as Ehey could not be ext,rapolaEed to operatlonal condltlons; large rlvers wlch hlgh dlscharge rat,es under wet, seaaon condltlons as required by the Ecologlcal Groupfor use of Ehese compounds. F. IMPACf, OF CARBOSULFAN ON THE EIIVIRONMENT 39. In accordance wlt,h a declslon Eaken durlng the nlnth sesslon of che Groupto publlsh che resulE,e of the evaluatton procesa followed for t,he analysts oflarvlcldes enployed by the Prograrnme, a draft paper on carboeulfan was present,ed to the Group for dlscugolon. 40. The paper ouEllned the maJor process whlch had been followed ln order Eo arrlve at an evaluatlon of che ecoEoxlcologlcal lnpact, of carboeulfan ln the Progranrme 8t€8o By conparlng pot,enLial exposure wlt,h poEenEial ef f ect,, anlnlElaI hazard aaseasment waa uade. Thle evaluaElon then perotEEed thedeflnltlon of a plloc acale fleld proJect. Subsequently, when the nonlt,ortng of flsh and lnvertebraEe populatlons gave Bactsfactory results, the compound was cleared for tncluslon ln the Programme-e arsenal of operatlonallarvlcldes. More speclfic detalla of the aoseasnenE proceso are presented 1n Table l. 41. The Group, recognlzlng the experlence gatned ln naklng a decalled ecotoxlcologlcal asseaenent of carbosulfan, recommended chat a slnllar assessment be made of permeEhrln. For thls to be accompllshed ln a tlmely Eanner, Programe etaff asslst,ed by a consulEanE would need to subnlt all fleld daEa Eo a deslgnated Group Menber wlthout, delay. G. REPORT ON AQUATIC I'IONITORING ACTMTIES (a) Annual Meeclns of Hydroblologlscs 42. The Annual Meetlng of Hydroblologlsts responslble for aquatlc nonlcortng chroughouc the Programme area, was held tn Bouak6 durlng L9-2O February 1989. The meet,tng was chalred by Dr C. L6v€que and aE.Eended by represenEaElves of the OCP' of c.he naElonal hydrobtology Eeams of Cdte d-Ivoire, Ghana, Gutnea andllall, of ORST0M and of the Universicy of Salford. All Members of che Ecological Group partictpaced durlng che second day of the meeting. oCP/EACt0.l. Page 8 43. The Group appreclated that reports on natlonal nonlt,orlng actlvltlee over Ehe past year had been eubmltced to Ehe Programme ln a tluely oanner and were of an lmproved sEandard. 44. Fron the montt,ortng reeulte obtalned ln the orlglnal OCP area 1E appeared that there had been no dtacernable adveree effecEa of larv1cld1ng operaElona onfleh. Thte applted equally to rlvers where the full rot,atlon of operattonal larvlcldes had been applled. 45. Llkewlse, baeed on the dat,a currencly avallable, no drasElc effect,B on aquaclc lnverEebrat,es had been observed, even though some modtftcatlons to conmunlt.y Bt,ruct,ure had been not,ed ln populattons exposed Eo Ehe rocaE,tonal use of permethrln and carbosulfan. 46. The Group was very pleased Eo recelve from t,he natlonal hydroblology teams thelr suggesElons and recommendat,lons for enhanclng the value of aquatlc monltortng acttvit,les, notably:(1) - Eo adhere t,o che montEortng st,aclons and sampllng frequenctea aa deflned durlng che nlnth sesslon of che Ecologlcal Group,(11) - t,o conElnue studtes on E,he reproductlve cyclea of fleh ln relaElon Eo vartous envlronmental faccors,(111) - to quest,ton Ehe eultabtltty of Ehe Bambot monlcortng etatton (lower B1ack VolEa Rtver, Ghana)ln vlew of the problems encounEered tn obtatnlng rellable samples,(1v) - co repeat earlter studles on lnvertebraE,e drtft Ehrough poole, by eanpllng above and below eelecEed pooLe. 47. The Group responded to t.heee tssuee by: (1) - (11) - (111) - ouEllning lEs proposals for monlEorlng sEatlone and monltoring frequencles (see SecElon M of chls reporE), reconendlog thet Btudl.ea on the reproduetl.ve cycles of fleh be conttmrcd for one mre ycar, oa the undcreteadlng that a full analyeta of the recult,s be rrttten up ead eubrltted to the next eeselon of the EcoLoglcal Group, recoueadtng that the Banbol statioa bc checl,ed for reproduclbllLty tn couparlgon rlCh a fa other edJaccot al.tea oo the lorer Black Volta B.tver, aod, that the reculcE of chte lnvcrtlgrtton be reported to the nert aea.lon of the Bcologlcal Group, Bugge8Elng EhaE a more approprlace protocol and a carefully selecced slEe would be necessary ln order Eo enaure chat hlcherto unobtalnable tnformatlon on lnvertebrat,e drtfc t,hrough pools was obEalned. ( rv) 48. In revlewlng Ehe reeulte present,ed by nattonal teame, the Group rcconeoded that a co@n etanderd for lcngCh-frequcaey dletrthtloo yalueE for fleh be adopted by atl the teare. Programme staff would provlde full decalls of the st,andard to be used. 49. The Group appreclated recelvlng the result,s of sLudles on Ehe stomach content,s of fleh conducEed by some of the teams. Such data could prove ueeful ln excrapolaclng coefflclent of condlclon and 1n understandlng age-relat,ed changes ln dlet. It, was suggeeted that, poestbl1lt,1es for complementary reeearch on these toplcs be dlscuseed durlng the nexE aesslon of the Ecologlcal Group, by whlch Elme lnformat,lon on Eechntques and proEocole would need to be avallable. ocP/EACl0. I Page 9 50. The Group reminded natlonal hydroblologlsts chaE, rrater level daca should be entered on flsh record sheets each ELme a sample was Eaken. 51. The Group was sorry Eo note thac targe-scale naps/plans of alr che oonlt,ortng sltes had not, yet been made prepared, and hoped t,haE every effort would be made Eo have such maps/p1ans avallable for the next aeoslon of the Ecologlcal Group. (b) Actlvlcies of Programme teams ln Ehe survelllance of the aquatlc envl ronment 52. In accordance ulEh a recommendat,lon of Ehe nlnch sesslon of the Ecological Group, Prograrnme hydroblology teams had continued co monltor tnverEebrate fauna of rlvers ln C6te d-Ivolre, Ghana, Mall and Togo. Slx monltortng slt,es alongflve waEercourses had been lnvolved. 53. All aquaElc nonltortng data contlnued to be conputerlzed ln Programme headquarters, Ouagadougou. ln additlon, and for the flrst Elme, a year-book on hydroblologlcal daEa had been produced. A conElnulng problem had been to gaEher all che fleld data and have chen computerlzed ln a tlnely Eanner. However,progress had been nade ln reflnlng t,he procedures for analyslng the accunulated dat,a on the EoxlclEy of larvlcldes to aquaElc non-target faunae. 54, Progranme staff had also organlzed and/or parclclpaced ln sEudles on Ehe toxlclcy of new conpounds t,o aquat,lc non-target organlsms. These activlt,les lncluded: - gutt,er t,est,s of pyraclofos, bloresnethrin and oEher synEheElcpyrethrolds, and, ln Bone case6, laboraEory observations on flsh toxlciEy, - an operattonal trlal of cyphenoEhrln ln the t{hlte Bandama Rlver (shlch disnrpced routlne monitorlng acElvttles for trore Ehan three months). (c) Ecoloqlcal Group observatl.ons and reconmendaElons 55. The Group congraculated the OCP hydroblology cean for produclng the year-book on nonlcorlng data, as reconnended by the nlnth eesslon of the Ecologtcal Group. The Group aleo atrongly recoeoded that ever7 lofluence be ererted upon lrlttoaal hydroblolory teriR to enaure tblt data sheeta are cuhltted to Progra'"'.e headquartera aa aoou nB poeeLblc to facLlltate the ttrely preparatton of the yearbooke. The Group also co-mended the nembers of the OCP hydroblology t,eam for Ehelr Elreless efforts ln collecElng and analyslng Ehe very large amount.s of fleld data collected accross the Programne area. Thls excellent effort had also pernltEed the tlmely preparaElon of the sunmary document,s whlch the Group had requested. 56. The Group also recouended that, ln order to enhance the value of year-booke, future edLttong ehould be publlshed ln Eso volunes (one for flsh and one for lnvertebrates) and should contaln: - graphlc rePreaentatton of data on selected groupe and nonltortng sttes, - detalle of larvlqtdee used to treat the rivere ronltored, - rlver dlecharge rate data. 57. The Group furt,her recomended that speclal, hlstorlcal data-bcoks be prepared on the nonlGorlng sltes of the Bandala Rlver (slces 3, 4,8 and 16) and of the R. Nlandan (lnvercebrates only, at stEe 6l). ocP/EACt0. I Page l0 H. INDEPENDAI.IT ANALYSIS OF AQUATIC MONITORING DATA 58. Dr Falrhursc Presented a report Eo Ehe Group and outllned the general obJeetlves of data analysls, referrlng especlally to epeclee abundance, communiE,y strucEure, dlverslEy, condltlon factori and autecology. The report conEalned an overall appralsal of conmunity changee throughout-Ltre programme area, paytng speclal atEenElon to recenE dat,a fron the t{esEern ExEenelon. 59. l.Ilth resPect, Eo lnverEebrates there were relaElvely mlnor changes ln communlEy sEructure, confirnlng Ehe t,rends and the lndltaLor taxa ldentlfled lnearller reports i.e.: - where chlorphoxln had been used, Ehere was an lncrease of phllopotanldae , and Orthocladlnae, - where B.t. H-14 had been used, Ehere was an lncreaee of Ecnonldae, - where Edilephos and B.t. H-14 had been ueed, there was a decreaee ofTrlcorythldae. The maJor exceptlon concerned data fron the Banbol monltorlng elte (Btackvolta Rlver, Ghana), whlch were dlscuseed ln relaclon to dtfierent rarvlclde uee and Ehe construcclon of a brldge. In the l{eet,ern Extension, conatscantresults were obtalned from all four nonltorlng eltes. Wtde ranges of abundanE specles had been obeerved, partlcularly aE uhe Kokofaca (R. naioye) and Mllomonltorlng sttee. 60. WlEh regard Eo flsh, a number of well-establtshed nonltorlng sltes ehoweda drop tn catch, whlch nay have been relaced co hydrologlcal condlt,lons. The wawa and Bandana sltee showed recenE conuunlt,y changee itr"n, for the latterslt,e were probabry related Eo the developnent of Lake Koeeou. Encouraglng result,s rrere noted ln the Western Extenslon parElcularly in t,he Rlvers Baouleand Mllo. t{ell establlshed staclons, such aL thoee rn tne Rlvere Leraba,Conoe, otl and Black Volta contlnued to demonstrate good eeasonal chang"" t., conmunlEy structure. 61. The lndex of aggregaElon, propoeed to Ehe nlnEh eesslon of the E cologlcalGroup, had proved very lntere8Elng. IndependanE of.abundance lt could be ueedto conPare t,axa' sanpling meEhods and monltorlng slt,ee. The lndex had alsobeen succeeefully t,esced on ehort-tertr experlmente in the R. Nlandan and onlong-term daca f ron Ehe Ent,omokro stte on the R. Marahou6. In the formerexanple, the tndex was able to dietlngulsh between pre- and poag-Ereatmenc samples' whlle 1n che latter exanple lE could dleclngulsh belween dlfferenttyPes of larvlcldee. Because of uhe constsEency of iesults, both overall andfor lndlvldual taxa, lE was suggested that the index should be tested on daEafrom oEher uonttortng sltes. 62. The sequentlal comparlson lndex (Catrne) was Eesced on daga from gut,ter cesE6 of rarvlctdee, co ascertaln if the lndex, whLch doee nog rely ontaxonontc ldentlficatlon, would be useful for qulck fleld eBtlaates ofEaxonotric dlverslty. In Practlce, Ehe Catrns method lndlcated nat,ural (nlghtdrlfc) and arttftctal (lnsecclclde lnpact) dlsrurbance independance ofabundance. However, on fletd tests, at least t,hree rune had to be done Eo be952 certaln that the nean was wlthlr-2oZ bf the iteratlve conputed value. rt wae concluded that the method was not nec,esearlly a qulck method' ana ttr"t iieslnllar slnpeon-s method wae preferable and perhap".ute to conplement extsElngI nEe rp retatlona. ocP/EACt0.t Page ll 63. In order to addrees Ehe queeElon of the eultablllty of ustng short-t,errtr t,esE resulcs (from nlnl-gutter tesEs and snall-scale rlver t,rlals of only a few days duraclon) co predtct long-cerm effects (nonlcorlng lnformatlon over aE leasc a 3-year perlod), approprlaEe comparlsone had co be aade. ShorE-tern dat,a from Ehe R. Ntandan and long-term monttorlng data (3 years) should be compared co decernlne the predlctablllEy of the results from t,he former t,o chelaEcer. The lnttlal approach should be t,o coopare the ranklng of suscept,lbility of eelect,ed lnvert,ebrate taxa beEween t,he ntnl-gutEer Eest,a,fleld crlals and hydroblologlcal fleld monlt,orlng. Accordlngly, the Group recorn'ended that Btaff of the Unlverelty of Salford, ln collaboratlon rlth the OCP Hydroblology fear, yaste oo ttrc tn perfornlng the analyaee requlred, aod, urged that the reeulta aod reconeodatLooe be reported at the next eeasLon of the Ecologlcal Group. 64. IE was reported Chat, cert,aln lnfonnatlon Eranefer problems (between ouagadougou and salford) had occurred durlng 1988. Apart fron postaldlsrupclons' not all che dat,a were avallable and lnevltable codlng errora could not be checked agatnet the orlglnal data. The Group noted Ehat chls slt,uatlon had now been rect,lfled. 65. In response co a request from t,he ntnEh sesslon of che Ecologlcal Group, a report, on a llt,eracure Eurvey of poselble envlronnenEal slde-effects of lvermeccln was presented. In dlscusslon, lt wae not,ed thaE the snaller dose requlred for humao otcrofllarlcldal action, conpared to that needed ln the veterlnary fleld' I{as unllkely to cause ecologlcal dauage, and lt was suggest,edthat the llEerature contlnue Eo be monlt,ored. I. QUESTTONS CoNCERNING AQUATIC MONITORTNG 66. AfEer a detalled dlecusslon of currenc, vect,or cont,rol operatlons lnvolvlng locreaeed rot,aElonal use of flve larvlcldee, the Group concluded that on thebaale of avallable lnfornatton, the envlronmental lupllcatlons were not subst,ant,lally dlfferenE fron those experlenced ln t,he pasE when only temephoe, chlorphoxln and B.t. H-14 were rotated. However, ln conslderatLon of thehigher blologlcal actlvlcy of pernehtrln and carboeulfan t,owards non-targecfauna, the Group recoended that the rcnltorlog Btrateg/ eelected ln privLoueEeetlogs be adhered to, 1.e. noaltorlng of a lht.ted mnber of elGee, but wlth a hlgher frequency of lonltortng. 67. Wlth regard co Ehe assesamenc of repopulaclon potenElals, the Group recomended that Prograne Btaf f nep the dlstrlbutlon of total pnnr ag water and of nrnotng uater treated rdth larylcldee, tn aelected rtver baalas contalnlag tquatlc mnl.torlng eltee, under both ret and dry aerson coadlttooe. The daca obcalned by so dolng, would enable evaluaElons to be made of thedlstrlbuclon, dlmenslons and ecologlcal slgn.lflcance of refugia, and facllltace an overall assessmenc of che repopulaELon potentlal of unEreaEed screcches of r1ver. 68. Notlng that vector control operatLone rould eoon be dlecontlmred ln parcs of the orLglnal oGP area, the Group stroqgly recouended that aquatl.c oonltorlog be contlmred ln a eelected nunber of sltee for at leaet 3 yeare aft,er the ceesat,lon of larvl.clding. Thls would ensure E.haE when lnsecrlcide Pressure on Ehe aquaclc envlronment had been reooved, Ehe evoluclon of Ehe aquaclc faunae was very carefully assessed. This approach would also serve as a precauElonary measurer ln Ehe unlikety evenE t.haE iE later became necessary co reincroduce veccor conc.rol operaEions. ocP/EACl0. I Page 12 J. RESULTS OF WORK ON I.IEST AFRICA}I FISH 69. The Group wae lnformed of work tn progreoe on Ehe flehes of western Afrlca. A faunal revlew of fresh- and bracklehn ater flehee was belng preparedfor publlcatlon by ORSTOM and would probably be avallable ln 1990. It would cont,aln ldentlflcatlon keys 1n both French and Engllsh. 70. Reeearch on flsh geneEtcs had been developed over Ehe laec year by K. Abban and by scaff of ORSTOM. In the Volca River baeln tt, had been deuoneEraced thac there were marked genet.lc dtet,ancee bet,ween dtf ferent populaclone of schllbelds. In addtElon, marked geneElc dtstance bet,ween populatlone of ChrvslchEhvs maurus from dlfferent, rlver baelns were demonstraEed. It, was recognlzed that Eheee studles were not, Juat of evoluElonary tnteresE buE could lndlcate geneElc het,erogenelEy, 1.€. adaptablllEy to dlfferenc natural and arElctftclal condlclons and to recolonlzatlon. Therefore, euch typee of fundamenEal work should be encouraged. 7L. A factorlal analysts, based on flsh epecles llsts establlshed for dlfferenc rrest,ern Afrtcan baslns, showed that, chere were three dterlnct groups of faunlsclc afflnlty: - one for the rlvers of Caneroun-Gabon, - one for the sudanlan rlvers (Volca, Nlger, Senegal, Gambla, Ou6m6, Mono, Bandama, Como6 and Sassandra), - one for the coast,al bastns from Gulnea Ehrough Slerra Leone to Llberla. 72. fnvesElgatlone were also 1n progress co arrlve at an underst,andlng of the factors responslble for dec,ermlnlng conmunlEy st,ructures of fleh populatlons tn dlfferenc rlver baslne. A model, explaintng specles rlchness as a funcclon of catchnent surface area and of mean annual watercourse dtecharge, had been developed. IE accounted for 902 varLance of che lndependant varlables. The prellmlnary reeulte of a fteld scudy of the R. Ntandan tndlcaced chac epecles rtchneee was a functlon of boch rlver slze and habLcac dlverstEy. Ocher et,udlee 1n progress were concerned wtch lncerpreElng progresslve communlty conplexlcy along a longlrudlnal axls, lncludtng boch blologlcal (crophlc cat,egorles, reproductlve st,racegles, eE,c. ) and ecologlcal aspecEs. 73. The Group concluded EhaE the models could be very perElnent, Eo che Programne, provtded they could be applted E,o a varlety of fteld slEuatlons. K. SELECTION OF MONITORING SITES IN THE WESTERN EXTENSION 74. In vlew of che new operaEtonal sEracegy developed by the Programme for the Western Extenston (see eecElon C.) the Group dlscuseed Ehe eelectLon of monltorlng ettee baeed on Ehe data preeenced ln Annex 3 and on t,he prtnclplee llated below. (1) Over t,he last year t,he Programme had been assesslng dlfferent ecenarlos for future onchocerclasle conErol scrategles based on an[ncegratlon of larvtcldes and t,he mlcrofllarlctde, lvermect,ln. Thls had requlred che Programne's operaElonal sclenctsEs Eo Eake a very flexlble and adapcat,lve approach Eo thelr currenE and future plans of operatlon. Changlng aEt,lEudes t,oerards geographlcal scope, larvtcldlng EacElce and loglstlcal requlrements had made lt extremely dlfflculc for those sclenEtsts t,o make valtd predlctlons for selectlng addtclonal envlronmenEal monltorlng slEes 1n locatlons where 1t would be lmportanc Eo obtaln comprehenslve pre- and poeC-treaEmenE daEa. (11) (r11) ocP/EACl0. I Page 13 Accordlng t,o recently acqulred dat,a, lt had become tncreaelngly clear thaE, Ehe non-targec aquat,lc fauna of slerra Leone was markedlydtfferenu from Ehac generally encouoEered ln ot,her treated rlvers of the Programne area. coneequently, prlorlcy ehould be glven to Ehe monttorlng of thte parttcutar Sterra Leontan altuatlon, to the exgeotEhat no furcher conslderaElon be glven to estabrlshlng a new monttorlng stte on the R. Gambta, where t.he fauna waa very elmllar to chat found ln nany oEher treat,ed rlvers of the programme area. rn accordance wlth new plane for veccor cont,rol ln Ehe west,ern ExEenelon, earller plans for monltortng of the upper Nlger and upperSenegal Rlver bastns requlred revlalon, to allow nonltorlng actlvlt,testo be focused on Ehe poestbre envlronmental effecEe of roEat,lonallarvtclde usage and on the ttkellhood of tncreaeed uclllzatlon ofpermechrln and carbosulfan (and poeelbly other, new replacemenE compounde ). 75. t{tth regard to monlE,orlng requlrements for Slerra Leontan coascal rtversthe Group coneldered that the Progranme saa faced wlth eomethtng of an emergency slEuatlon 1f selecElve larvlctdtng operat,lona were t,o be lnEroduced, aa now planned, ln Aprll 1989. Thls could not, have been foreseen, glven that,the etatue of boch eavannah vect,or dlstrlbuclon and bllndlng onchocerclaels 1n eout,hern Sterra Legne wae lncompleEely known aE the tlme the Group held lts ntnth eeeglon 1n 1988. NeverEheleee, thle development presenced itre programmet{lth the predlcaoent of how Eo Becure and nob(112e che resourcea necesgary coobtaln e88enE1al environmencal daca before larvtcldlng operatlone commenced 1nAprll t989 ln accordance wlth a requtremenE, for pre-concrol dat,a, whlch haebeen stressed by che Group on tnany occaelone. 76. rn complylng wtth the programme-e poltcy to maxlmlze nat,lonalparElclpatton tn envlronmental monlEoring acElvtttes, tE was now a matEer of urgency Eo exPlore Ehe poselblllcles of nobtllzlng narlonal hydrobtologlcal ecaff ln Slerra Leone co carry ouc at leaec sone of the requlred pre-ti"au."nc monttorlng act,1vlt,les. Accordlngly, and af t,er maklng an over-vlew of monttortng requlremenEs for Ehe whole of the Weetern Extenslon, the Groupetrongly recomended thac: (1) The eelectloa of 4-5 rcnlGortng altea tn sterre Leonc be nede rlthout delay, by rhe OCp hydroblology r,eae tn cloee collaboratlon rlth the oRSTCI{ coneultant rho cooducted theprcllnlnary surveyc of potenthl rcottorlng eltee (aee Aooex 3). (tr1 The oCP hydrobtologtcal tean collect pre-trertEnt data oa SlerraLeonlan aquatlc lovercebrrtee durlat Ghe rcnthc of llarch aad Aprlll'989. For the E,eam t,o be able co carry ouE chts taek ln a rtmely mannerr 1E would be neceEsary to qulckly nobtllze approprlate groundt.ransporEatlon and a ltalson alrcrafE. (fff) The poeelbllltlea for trelnlog Sterre Leoalan hydroblotoglata be erplored a8 a rrtter of prlortty. (1v) A Techntcal Servlce Agrecnt be eatabllahed rlth ORSIOH ro aelectflsh rotrltorlng eltea tn dlfferent parts of the leetern Ertcnelon,lncludlog Sterra Leooe. ocP/EACt0. l. Page t4 77. Ulth regard to equatlc rcnLtortng ectlvltlee Lo northero and eaatern parto of the lleatera Extenalon, the Group recorended the uee of the follorlot Btatloos: Senegal RLver baeln: - Kokofata (R. Baloye ) - lavertebratee, - l{Iaelra (R. Baoule) - fleh. Upper Nlger baaln - Saaeanbaya (R. Nlandan) - lnyertebratee, - l{audlana (R. SankaraoL) - fteh, - Bara a-a (R. Dlon) - fieh, - Boueeoul6 (R. ltllo) - flsh. L. STUDIES CONDUCTED IN THE T{ESTERN EXTENSTON (a) Scudles on fqnctfonal feedlng groups 78. In March 1988 etream surveys of lnvertebrates and fleh were conduct,ed ln eaat,ern Gulnea, around Kankan and Beyla. The work wae flnanced by a granE from the U.S. Naclonal Sclence Foundat,lon and provlded rrlth local logteulcal eupport, by the Progranne. Partlclpant,e were DrB K.!{. Cunmtne; J.M. Elouardp l{.A. I{llzbach and Mr M.E. Dlop (for the Kankan eurvey). 79.' the flrst obJectlve of the surveys was to collect eamplee fron permanenEly flowlng enall sEreana and nedlun-elzed rlvers (prlnarlly unEreated ones) ln renote locations Eo ensure ntnlnal hunan lmpact. These samples were lnEended Eo provtde precreatuent lnforoat,lon fron low hunan-lnpact, eltes (as well as daca fron the Rlver tl.llo and Nlandan whlch had been Ereated), and to shed llght on t,he general queet,loo of refugta for recolonlzatlon, 1.e. were Ehe fauna of euch trlbuEarlee dlverse and abundant, and, were they llkely to be sourcee of refugla for recolonlzaElon? 80. The second obJecclve was Eo uae llght and elecEron mlcroecopy to analyse the samples and to deternlne the funcElonal feedlng groups to whlch the Eaxa belonged. The data collected, together wlth ot,her daEa avallable ln che Programme and ln the open llteracure, were now belng used to produce a prellolnary claselflcaElon of the fauna accordtng Eo such grouplngs. The event,ual lntenElon was to use such grouplngs as an analytlcal tool for evaluaElng aquatlc lnverEebrat,e aaaoclatlons ln treaEed and unEreaEed rlvers and et,reams ln Ehe t{escern Extenalon. The Group would awalt wlth lnterest, Ehe release of a final reporE whclh was due for presentatlon to t,he U.S. NaELonal Sclence foundatlon by October I989, wlEh coples belng provlded Eo Ehe Programme. Fonnal publicatlon would follow. (b) Studles on Baecldae 81. A eummary of work conducEed by J. Wulllot, durlng February 1.989 and wlth Programme support, wa6 present.ed Eo Ehe Group. In che R. Nlandan of easEern Guinea, no notable changes were observed ln the coramunity strucEure and abundance of Baetldae durlng pre- and posE-EreaEment perlods. Aspects of Baetid larval and adult Eaxonomy had been clarlfted and measuremenEs had been made of Ehe duratlon of Ehe larval perlod. For one specles, Ehe laccer had been est,lmated t.o be less chan one week, whllsc tn most oEher specles larval llfe lasced for abouE 3 weeks. Only cwo specles, boch predaEory, had longer pertods of larval 11fe; more Ehan E$ro monchs. ocP/EACl0. t Page 15 82. PuEtlng astde Ehe Ewo predacory specles, lt appeared that the ehorc ltfe of che other senalElve epectes accounced for thelr contlnued preeence and reaeonable abundance tn treat,ed rlvers, lncludlng thoee treat,ed wlEh pernethrln and carbosulfan. M. WORK PROGRAT,II.TE FOR 1989/1990 83. The Group recocnded thrt the ronltorlng of fieh and tovertebratee 1n the1olc181 OCP area and ln the lfectero Erteoelon be contlnued et ell the rtatl.onE selected durlqg the laat eeeaton, but slth the follor{.ng mdtflcatlonas - Consldertag that the lnvertebrete maltorlng atatlon et ADu (Togo) yaa altuated ou a rlver treated ylth B.t. E-14, rlch 1o probablllty for uce of a rore torlc lasectlclde, the Ecologlcal Group rcconnded that aalpllag beI'nternrpted for one year. Accordtng to analysta of data already avaliable, adeclelon would be made next, year aB to whether or not nonltorlng be reLntroduced. - Sarytlag frequency for tovertebratee at the Baadare aad Harahoue alteg ehould be once a Dnth fron Novelber to Janrary, laetead of every tvo reeks. 84. Arare thet lard.ctdlng operetlons rmld cerae ln eoe rlvcr besla.e ln the orlglnal Progre- area ln 19S9 (tlhlte BaEdrt, Cone end Lereba), the Group recoueaded that canpllog eltee ln those basl.ns be rcattored at curreat ratea of 'frequency for at letst oae year after the ceesatlon of lervtctdlog. Durtng 1Ee nexc ee8slon, the Group would revlew Ehe data collected and declde oa whether or not nonltorlng acttvlEles needed Eo be contlnued. 85. AfEer lengthy dlscueelon of the Programe-s currenE straEegy of greater rotattonal utlllzatr.on of more Eoxlc larvlcldee for tenephoe reiletance control, the Grorp reconcnded thet the Progrre prepare (poselbly rlth the aeslstance of cousultanta) eod subd.t to the next aca8lon of the EcologlcalGroup, Ero rorklag papers coverlng the follorlog toplca: - the underlylog eclentlftc and operatlooer barec for the rotatlonal ueeof the flve larvl.cldee la current u8age, and, atatletlcs on the telporal aad8pat181 utlltzatloa of the dlfferent corpounda, - evaluatlon of the eavtror-ental hpact of penethrlo. See Annex 4. N. PUBLICATIONS 86. The Chalrnan of the Group opened a dlscueslon on the need for che Progranrne Eo tncrease the dlffuslon of Ehe envlronmental nonltorlng results obtalned slnce the beglnnlng of vector cont,rol operatlons, taklng lnt.o accountthe great quanclcy and hlgh quallty of rhe accumulated dat,a. 87. The Group was unanlnous Ln agreelng chat thle subjecc requlred very sertous conslderaEton and made several suggesElons as Eo whlch journals wouldbe oost approprlace for the publlcaElon of Prograrnme data. FurEhermore, GroupMenbers offered thelr servlces to as6lst Programne scaff ln prepartng thelrdaca for subnlsslon for publlcaclon. It was noted Ehat a Group Member had already collaborated wlth Programme staff co flnallze a publlcaclon on the ecocoxtcologlcal assesamenc of carbosulfan. 88. The Group also suggesEed, and chls was approved. by che Programme Dlrect.or,thac the Programme-s hydrobiologlsc should aEEend che 24th Congress of Ehe ocP/EACt0. L Page 1.6 Internatlonal AseoclaElon of TheoretlcaL and Applted Llmnology (Munlch, t3-19 Augusc 1989), and, preaenE a paper concerned wlth cen yeara of nonlEorlng aquatlc lnvertebraEee tn the Programme area. 89. A llec of documente whtch are currently betng prepared for publlcatlon ts preeented ln Annex 5. O. OTHER MATTERS (a) Locatlon of the Progr ame-s hydrobloloqy Eeatn 90. In full accord wtth vtews expressed ln the reporE of Ehe ntnch sesslon of the Ecologlcal Group, the Group Btrongly recouended that the Programe'8 hydroblology tear be re-located to enaure, above all, tncreaeed efftclency of aquaElc nonltortng actlvltles tn an expaodLng Lervlcldlng zooe. Thts could be best accompllshed by placlng che E,eam ln closer proxlmlEy Eo Ehe Wescern Extenelon, whlch would lmprove llalson and provlde for a closer and more conElnuous contacE becween Ehe Eeam and che eclentlfLc etaff engaged tn the teaElnt of new larvlctdes and ln the lraptemenEatton of vect,or control Bt,raEegtes. The enhanced coordlnaElon whlch would be derlved would be eepeclally lmportanE, Stven Ehe new conErol strateglee belng employed by the Programme ln the Wescern ExEension. The Group chue reafftrmed lt,s prevlous concent(on EhaE Ouagadougou wa6 noc an approprtate locaclon for the P rogramoe'e hydroblologlcal team. (b) PENSAH 91. The Group was Lnformed by one of lts Membere chat, a Netherlands-sponeored ecoEoxlcologlcal research and Eralnlng progranme, PENSAH (Pestlcldes dane l-EnvlronnemenE Sahellen) was belng prepared for eetabllshmenc 1n Dakar, tn collaboraElon wtt,h CTLSS (Comlc6 PermanenE IncereEat,e de Lutce contre la S6cheresse dans le Sahel). Thls programme was aimed aE st,rengthenlng Ehe research capaclcy of CILSS Eo cover both terrestrlal and hydroblologlcal monlEortng throughouE t,he saheltan zone of I'lest, Afrlca. A large ecoEoxtcologtcal laborac.ory tn l)akar would be an lncegral part of che prograrme. 92. The Group recognlzed chat, once esEabllshed, che PENSAII could become an loporEant collaboratlve lnstltucton for the OCP. Poeelbly, tt, could provlde tratntng for nat,lonal hydroblologlsts, and funds for special scudles reLated Eo hydroblologlcal montt,ortng 1n the OCP area, bot,h durtng Ehe extstence of the OCP and Ehereafter. IE wae Eherefore agreed Ehac a Group llember would conEacc, the Necherlands Mtnlscry of Development Cooperatlon to make known che Programme-s lnEeresE ln che PENSAH and tcs hope Ehat collaborat,lon beEween che cwo bodles could be of mutual beneflc. The Group Member concerned would rePort, on progreEs Eo Ehe chalrman. P. SUMI.{ARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS 93. A suonary of Ehe recomnendatlons concalned ln the body of Lhls ReporE ls preeented ln Annex 6. ocP/EACr0. r Page 17 Q. ARRAI.IGEMENTS FoR THE NEXT SESSION (a) chalrrnan 94. The Group announced Ehac Dr L6vGque would be the Chalrman for the Group-s Eleventh Seealon (1990), and would represent the Group aE the l9g9 oeerlnge ofthe Experc Advlsory connlEtee and the Jolnt prograume commlttee. (b) Date and place of Elevench Sesslon 95. It was provlelonally agreed that Ehe elevent,h seselon of the EcologlcalGroup be convened ln Ouagadougou durlng the last week of February or Ehe flrst week of March 1990. Arrangenente would be nade for some Group Members to visltto Eastern operat,lon Area afEer the cloeure of Ehe seselon. R. APPROVAL OF REPORT 96. The drafc report waa revelwed before the end of the eesston and Eheflnallzed verelon approved by the Chalrman. S. CLOSURE OF SESSION 97. The eesslon wa8 closed by the Chalrman durlng the afcernoon of 24 Februaryl9gg. Ir A}TNEX I. LTST OF PARTICTPANTS Menbers Profeaaor D. calaoarl, rnstlcute of Agrlcultural Entonology, Faculty ofAgrlculture, unlverelcy of t{llan, vla celorLa 2, 20133 Mllan, rtary. Profeesor K.W. Cumlns, Dlrector, Pymatuntng Laboratory of Ecology, DepartnenE of Blology Sclencee, Unlveralty of Plttsburgh, PlEtsburg, Penoeylvanfa 2L532, USA. H. De longh, Haekonlng, Berg en Dalseweg 81, p.O. Box 154 6500 AD NlJuegen, Ner,herlands. Dr C. L6v€que (Chalruan), Dlrecteur de Recherchee, Museuu Naclonal d-HletolreNaturelle, Laboratolre d-rchtyologle, 43 rue cuvler, 1523L parls, cedex 05, France. Dr M. Yaeuno, Chtef of Aquatlc Ecology, Natlooal InetlcuEe for EnvlronnentalScudles, Onogawa, Tsukuba, 305 Japan. OEher partlclpants Dr J.M. Elouard, 0RSTOM, Rrance. 2051 avenue du Val Montferrand, 34032 Montpelller, Dr C.P.Falrhurst, DeparcuenE of Blologlcal Sclencee,Salford 1(5 4t{1, Ualred Klngdom. University of Salford, Dr J. Gnrnewald, ruettt,ute of Troplcal Medtclne, t{llhensEr. Tllblngen, Federal Republtc of Germany. 3t, D-7400 D. Paugy, Mueeum Natlonal d'tllstolre Naturelle, Laboratolre d-Ichtyologle,43 rue Cuvler, 75231 Parla, Cedex 05, France. SecretArlat Dr Dr A.K.B. Akpoboua, vcu/ocpl B.p. 1414, Bouak6, c6te d'rvolreDr C. Back, VCU/OCP, B.p. L474, Bouak6, C6Ee d-Ivolre Dr D.A.T. Baldry (Secretary), VCt/OCP, B.P. 549, Ouagadougou, Burkina FaeoDr P. Gulllet, VCU/OCP, B.p. 2279, Banako, Mall Mlse K.C. Ntgnan, OPD/OCP, B.p. 549, Ouagadougou, Burklna Faeo Mr M.H. Ocran, VCU/OCP' B.p. L474, Bouak6, C6te d-IvotreDr B. Phlllppon, chtef vcu/ocp, B.p. 549, ouagadougou, Burklna FasoDr D. Qu1116v6r6, vcu/ocp, B.p. 549, ouagadougou, Burklna FasoDr E.M. Samba, Dlrect,or ocP, B.p. 549, ouagadodugou, Burklna FasoMr E.J. senghor, rNF/Ocp, B.p. 549, ouagadougou, BurkLna FasoDr J.F. Walsh, VCU/OCP, B.p. 36, Kara, Togo - Mr L. Yan6ogo, VCU/OCP, B.p. 549, Ouagadougou, Burklna Faso. ocP/vcu/HYBto 189 .2 ocP/vcu/HYBro/89.3 Summary of annual report - L9E7 188 (Gulnea Natlonal Team) ocP/vcu/HYBro/89.4 Year-Book of hydrobLologtcal daca (VecEor Concrol Unlc r 987- r988 ) ocP/vcu/HYBro/89. 5 tledlum-term Ertal of toxlclty of cyphenochrln sprayed on the Whlte Bandama wlchln che frauework of t,he Onchocerclaets Control Programme (By Fanfonde Konde, Gu1 nea ) ocP/vcu/HYBro/89. I ocP/vcu/HYBro/89 .6 ocP/vcu/HYBro/89.7 ocP/vcu/HYBro/89.7. I ocP/vcu/HYBro/89.8 ocP/vcu/HYBro/89. l0 ocP/vcu/HYBro/89. L l CALAMARI, D. et al. LAHR, J. eE al. A}.INEX 2 LIST OF DOCUMENTS ToxlclEy of cyphenot,hrln on Ehe non-target fauna ln troplcal envtronment (Prellmlnary Bynt,hesls report) LaboraEory sEudtes of poLenElal blackfly larvtcldes on some flsh epeclee ln che Onchocerctaete ConE.rol Programme area - (L. Yau€ogo and J.M. Tapsoba) Annual Report (L5lLOl87-30/tl/88) - ORSTOM Hydroblology Laboratory - Barnako (Suunary) Annual Report No.2 on aquaElc envlronment monlEorlng ln Malt (Ichcyology) - Manadou Kossa Traore Sumnary of Annual Report (Mall lchcyologlcal team) A. Invert,ebraEe Montt,orlng (Surulary) - J. Samman, and, B. FLeh llonlEorlng (Sumnary) - J.K. Oforl-Daneon & J.N. Padl ocP/vcu/HYBro/89 .9 Monltorlng of lotlc envLronmenEs treaEed wtth ant,tblackfly tnsectlctdes 1n the Onchocerclaele Control Programme - Syntheels, reflecttone and ProBPecta -(Jean-Marc Elouard) MoniEorlng of Ehe ent,omofauna of Ehe wat,ercourses ln C6re d-Ivolre, Ghana, Mall and Togo (Suonary) OCP hydrobtologlcal ceam Observattons on Ehe evoluElon of che ftsh fauna of che Ivolrlan watercourses durlng Ehe 1987-1988 monlcorlng campatgn (SunnarY) - K. Traore Ecot,oxtcologtcal approach for che lmpacE assessmenE of carbosutfan ln che Onchocerctaets ConErol Programne Evaluatton of Ehe short and medtum-cerm effecte of weekly permethrln and carbosulfan larvlcldlng on small shrlmps, Carldlna afrtcana ln the Kan Rlver, C6ce d'Ivolre UnlverslCy of Salford: DaEa analysts of short-Eerm lnsecticlde Eesclng from OCP Sut,ter crlals, February 1989 FatrhursE, J. HeweEt, J. Needhan and P. M1111gan). (c. P. Untverelcy of Salford: Aquatlc monttortng fleh reporE, December 1988 (M.S. Curtle and C.P. Fatrhuret). ocP/EACt0.t. ANNEX 3 SUMMARY OF SURVEYS CONDUCTED rN GUTNEA, SENEGAL AND STERRA LEONE (WESTERN EXTENSION) TO TDENTIFY POTENTIAL AQUATIc T.IoNIToRING sITEs ( 19 JAI{UARY To 18 FEBRUARY 1989, DR J.M. ELOUARD). Gulnea (i) nfo Corubal basln Two sultable slces: - R. Koumba at Gaoual, - R. Tomln6 at Karmafassa (rr I (111) Senegal R. Koqon basin No euttable elte. R. Fatala basln No sultable alte. (1) R. Ganbla Two poeslble elEes at, Mako and SamekouEa. Rlvere Nlokolo-Koba and T lokoye No sultable eltes. R. Koulountou One poselble sice ln the norch of Gulnea near youkounkoun. Sierra Leone (r) n. Kolenr6 basln No sltes eurveyed.(tt) n. Kaba baeln One autt,able stte at Buramba Killm Natlonal park (R. Mueala (R. tfubole). No sultable stce on R. Mongo. (uI . (11r) (111) Sell Rokel Rlver baeln Flve elEea aurve . One6 Ehe rlver. Two paseable eltes a sout,h-wes E ) . Kaba) and one at ultable slEe at Yrafllala on Ehe upper part of c Badala (ln the north) and Katlk (tn rhe nor (1v) R. Pampana baeln Two altee surveyed, buE nelther sult,able. (v) R. Sewa baeln Four sltes aurveyed ln the souLh. Becauee of extenslve gold dlanond mlning, no eultable slt,es were found downstream of the SewalBafl JuncEion,along Ehe R. Bafl. No sulEable slce on Ehe R. Bagb6. (vl) P. Moa basln No sltes surveyed. ocP/EACt0. I AIINEX 4 ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT ON OCP USE OF PERT,IETHRIN A worklng parEy rras establtehed under the chatrnanehlp of Prof. D. Calamarl Eo prepare a documenc on 'rEcologlcal aesegemenc on OCP uee ofpetmethrlnrr. The worklng parEy wl1l operaEe malnly by correepondence and accordlng Eo Ehe dtvtalon of che work ae ltsced below: l. LlEerature revlew, evaluattve model, prellmtnary hazard asaesemenE (D. Calanarl ) . 2. Areas, frequency and condtttone of uee of permethrln. Environmental charact,erlsclcs of rtvers c,reat,ed (P. GullleE, and J.F. Waleh) 3. Invert,ebraEes and flsh short,-Eerm te6t,B 1n che OCp (L. yam6ogo). 4. Hlst,orlcal sampllng sEaEton charact,ertat,lcs.(J.M. Elouard, D. Paugy, and C. Falrhurst). 5. Monltorlng daca af ter permechrln t,reat,ment,a Elouard, D. Paugy, and C. Fatrhursc) 6. Ecologlcal asseesment, (D. Calanarl). InverEebratee and fleh (L. Yaru6ogo, J.M. By June 1989 workLng parry membera w1 1l eend t,o the chatrman approprlat,e and crlt1cal1y evatuaE,ed daE,a, so Ehat, the chalrman can prepare a flret, draft report and clrculate tE Eo members for cornmenE by che end of Sepcember 1989. A eecond drafc report. wt11 be presenEed aE Ehe elevenEh sesslon of the Ecological Group ( 1990). locP/EACt0. L ANNEX 5 DOCUMENTS BETNG PREPARED FOR PUBLICATION - Calaoarl D. ' Gulllet P., Traore K., and Yam6ogo L. Ecologlcal approach forthe lnpacE aaoesanent of carbosulfan 1n the Onchocerciasis ControlPrograme. Chenoephere. - Yan6ogo L., Tapsoba J.M., and Calamarl D. Laborat,ory Eoxlclty of pocentlalblackfly larvlctdes on aome flsh speclee 1n the Onchocerclasle Control Program'ne area (WesE Afrlca). Ecotoxlcal Envlr. Saf. - L6v€que C. presented fo(ln press). The OnchocercLaets Control progr r a SCOPE volune on "Ecoloctcal nontEoring acElvltles. Paper ts tn dlfferent cllmatesrl amme effec - Yau6ogo Lr. et al. Dlx ans de eurvelllance de la faune aquatlque deerlvlErea d-a,fTifre de l-oueet Eralt6ea concre les sluulles (Dlptera :S1nullldae) agenEg vecEeura de l-onchocercose humalne. Paper preeenEed at the ttConference dee enEonologlstes d-Expreeslon frangalee,,(Canada), Naturallete Canadten tn preae).( - Paugy D., et B6nech V. La faune lchtyologlque des baeslns c6tlers du Togo.Rev. Hydrob. Trop. - Paury D. Lee cyclee de reproduction des polssons du Baoul€ (Ht S[n6ga1,Mall) Rev. Hydrob. Tro Po - Paugy D. Allnentatloo et relatlons trophlques dee poteeooe du Baoul6 (Ht S6n6ga1), MaIl. Rev. llydrob. Tro po - Paugy D., cOtlere de L6v€que c., et Blgorne R. La faune lchtyologlque des basslnsSlerra Leone et du Llb6rla. Rev. Hydrob . Trop. Paugy D. Le peupleuenr lchcyologlque du Baoul6 (ttr S6n6ga1, Mall) avanc sont,raltenent aux Lneecclcldee antlelmulldlens. Rev. Hvd rob. Trop. - Cuomlns K.l{. I t{llzbach M.A., Elouard J.l{., and Yan6ogo L. FuncElonal organlzatlon of runnlng wacer invertebraEe aesoclatlons 1n eastern Gulnea.Jour. North. AmeEo Benchologlcal Soc. - Elouard J.M. p and Falrhurst C. The aggregation of fdtfferent collectlon Eethods ln t{est Afrlca. Ecologl - Elouard J.M., FalrhursE, C., and Samman J. T, lnvertebraces 1n che Onchocerciasts Concrol p resh-rrat,er lnsecte a g6n6ra11s from - Elouard J.M. p and FatrhureE C. Utlllzatlon of che aggregatlon lndex EoEeaaure long-tert effecce produced by che large scale uee of slgullldpestlcldee ln the onchocerctasls cont,rol programme. chemosphere. en years of monlEorlng of che rog ranme. Chemosphere. OCP/EACTO. I ANNEX 6 SUMMARY OF RECOM}.IENDATIONS [. The maklng of ecoEoxtcologlcal assesamenEs of bloresneEhrln and pyraclofos(Secclon 28). 2. To eearch for new larvtcldee and foroulatlone and Ehe multl-8tage ecreenlng of candtdaEe cooPounds be contlnued (Sectlon 29). 3. The maklng of an ecoEoxlcologlcal aasesaoenE of permethrln (Sectlon 4l). 4. Cont,lnuatLon of studles on Ehe reproductlve cyclee of flsh (Secclon 47,(11)). 5. The checktng of Ehe Bambr.rl monlrorlng elEe for reproduclblltty of data collectlon (Secclon 47, (111)). 6. Adoptlon of a common eEandard of lengEh-frequency dtstrtbuElon for ftsh(Secclon 48). l. Early submtsslon of monlEorlng data eheece by naElonal hydroblologleEs(Sectlon 55). 8. Publlcatlon of year-books ln Ewo volumee; one for fleh and one for tnverEebraces (Secclon 56). 9. Publlcatton of a epectal data-booke on the monlEortng elEes of Ehe R' Bandaoa and R. Nlanden (Sectlon 57). lo. untverelry of salford to aa8e8B Ehe poeelbllltles of predtct,lng long-Eerm ef fect,s f rom ehorE-E,erm montt,orlng daca (Sectlon 63) ' ll. ConElnued monlEortng of a llmtCed number of ettes, bu3 t'tEh htgher monltorlng frequency (SecElon 66). 12. Mapptng and evaluatlon of refugla (Seccton 67)' 13. conEtnuaElon of monttortnS actlvlEles for 3 years after the ceseaElon of vecC()r colrtr()l ol)eraEIons (Seccl<tn 68)' [4. Selecglon of monttortng altes and the collectlon of pre-conErol daCa tn SLerra Leone (SectLon 76, (t) und (tt)). 15. Tratntng of sterra Leone hydrobtologtscs (Secclon 76 (111))' 16. Select,t oo of f lsh ro<rntE(rrtnlB etEes 1n the WesEern ExCenslon (SecCton 76(lv) ) . 17. llonluortng slEes tn norEhern and eastern part,s of Ehe western ExEenston(SeccLon 77 ) . 18. tlonlCorlng slEes and monltorlng frequency ln the origlnal OCP area and ln Ehe Weecern Ext,enelon (Secclon 83)' 19. Frequency of nonlCorlng after t,he ceseatlon of larvtcldlng (Sectlon 84)' 20. Preparat,lon of w<trktng Papers on the roEatlonal uee of larvtctdee and on the envlronment,al lmpacC ui p"rmeChrLn (SecElon 85 and Annex 4)' 21. Relocatlon of Che ocP Hydroblology Team (SecElon 90). IIJoo Fld - -HG<>PerF@- F!s 9 585a?' u.t G Ps f;3Ff JF['f; -()=3[ a d= H :Z s 9.9 iS; l!o hoGL EH(/)lL Hh an . lrJ-F ' an<) L|lXOO o EG ut>FF 69iqP (9 z9E-doo urLlAz o - @ lrJt9pz< oi G,JA CO =F'PL=FaE :s = Fz6tlJ c=(o N(,l <r!?qt -ut u9l f;E 5f;Jao-F 6I rlrj g0E IEH J flzlrl E2oG 5zIl, lrj :F ar, a uJ. i= lr o .td zS w_6 ao s, o-U,x lrJ Urq o J<6oo =rtr.t Y -- C' zJO ETgrE E(Lteo a2 uJG o !,JlF F 0- z flJf oo @(E o l!o F z UJ =oo Luq o J I(9 oJ o(J T o o(J IJ UJ J(D F