AFRTCAN PROGRAMME FOR ONCHOCERCTASTS CONTROL (ApOG): ONCHOCERCIASIS VECTOR ELIMINATION PROJECT BIOKO, EQUATORIAL GUINEA PLAN OF ACTION FOR GROUND TREATMENT OPERATIONS IN THE YEAR 2001. Rolf R. F. Meyer Temporary Advisor Scharpenbargsweg 8 21149 Hamburg Federal Republic of Germany May 2000 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION """"""""' 3 2. MATERIALS, METHODS AND D|SCUSS|ON"""""""' """"'3 2.1. CENTRAL sToRE..... """"""""""4 2.2. !NSEGT|C|DE.......-... """"""""""" 5 2.3. RHODAMIN DYE """"" 5 2.4. APPLICATIoN EQUIPMENT """"""""' """"' 6 2.5. OTHER EQUIPMENT.....-......... """ 6 2.6. RADTOS """'7 2.7. TREATMENT MAPS """"""""""" 8 2.8 TRAINING OF PERSONNEL, PROSPECTION AND TREATMENT OPERATIONS "..""" 8 2.g INSECTICIDE DEPOTS............ """"""""""" 9 10 2.11. OTHER TRANSPORT REQUIREMENT """"""""""' 11 2.12. SENSlrlzATloN.....-..... """"""12 2.13 LUBA """"'12 2.14 INVITATIONS, PERMITS, 'CREDENTIALS'' """"""""' 13 3 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS"""" """"""' 13 4. REFERENCES......... """"' 14 Table 1............... ""' 15 Table 2............ """""""""'16 17Appendix 1 Page 2 28 1. INTRODUCTION Ground larviciding activities against S. damnosum are planned to be conducted during the dry season of the year 2001 and they will serve as preliminary activities for the aim of complete vector eradication by combined ground and aerial operations in the dry season of the year 2002. The dry season in Bioko usually lasts for four months from January to April although length and severity might change considerably from year to year. Ground treatment will start in week 5/01 and will continue for twelve weeks until week 16101with weekly treatment cycles (Table 1). Treatment activities will be preceded by several weeks of training of the technicians, pre treatment prospections, experimental treatments, susceptibility tests and hydrobiological monitoring and testing. Regular river prospections and vector collection activities will accompany the larviciding throughout. Several weeks of evaluation and analysis after termination of the treatment operations will provide the basis for the activities of the following year. MATERIALS, METHODS AND DISCUSSION During numerous research, prospection and experimental missions it has been established that S. damnosum breeding does not occur at altitudes beyond 500m above sea level (see reports of Cheke, Wilson, McCall and Meyer) although the presence of adult flies has been observed well beyond that level. Treatment will therefore be limited to that height although even this level can only be accessed in very few locations. Generally, an area between 30 and 70% of the inhabited part of the island can be covered from the ground. And the inhabited area below 500m makes up only about 60% of the total island area betow 500 m (Maps 14, not enclosed). A ring road passes around the inhabited part of the island on the slopes of the volcanoes at a height of 100 to 400 m above sea level and at distances of 1 to 4km from the sea. Most rivers pass this road, which means that most rivers can be treated from the roadbridge to control breeding in their lower stretches, which are usually the most productive parts of the rivers. (Map 5) .fllef ovef )OO (eXaCtlr.,)11\ froatmonf nrlipfq fi3r,ro h-^n i.r--r:r. -t - ,?. l\4CSt Of them -approximately B0% - will have no flow during some part of the dry season. 1 2 a 2.1. However the remaining 2Oo/o include the most productive points on rivers which flow throughout the year. Many of these points can be reached only with increased effort. Long bush trips or even extended foot walks are required to reach them. Temephos (Abate 200 EC) has been selected as larvicide of choice. Susceptibility of S. damnosum to the product has proven to be excellent in susceptibility (report of Barro T.) and river tests (report of Meyer R.) with acceptable effe1l on the non-target fauna (reports of Abban E. and Amakye G, Brooks S.G). However further tests will be conducted before the commencement of the treatment activities. A dosage of g.3litre of product per m3/s of river discharge has been shown to be appropriate. The smallest dosage to be applied in rivers with very low flow will be 0.05litre of product. Due to the high turbidity of all rivers product dilution is rapid and carry of the product is limited to approximately 2 km (report of Meyer R.). Rhodamin dye will be used to demonstrate the behavior and effect of temephos in training of the technicians, in treatment experiments and in larviciding operations until a treatment routine has been established. An improved formulation of Bt (Teknar@) will be tested to establish its abilities as backup product, although it is doubtful whether carry performances will be sufficient under the prevailing conditions in Equatorial Guinea. Preparation of the treatment activities should start now. They are: CENTRAL STORE An insecticide and equipment store will have to be set up in Malabo. A suitable container is available in the compound of the WHO representation. lt has been offered to the project. The existing container should be emptied, cleaned and equipped with a lock. Action : APOC HQ, WHO office Equatorial Guinea (EG) 4 Time of action: lmmediate The WR should give written notice when the container is available 2.2. INSECTICIDE Temephos (Abate 200 EC) will be used for larviciding at a dosage of 0.3litre/m3 river discharge. The smallest amount to be applied will be 0,05 litre per drop. A total consumption of 1200litres is anticipated for the season. However, since the nature of the dry season can vary considerably, sufficient reserve stock should be available. Therefore, 2000 litres of temephos should be supplied. As purchase and transport of such a relatively small amount of product is rather inefficient I propose to borrow the product from the newest OCP Aerops Kara stock and reimburse OCP accordingly. I was informed that Aerops Kara see no problem to let APOC have the required amount. Chief VCU and Aerops should also be informed that a similar amount of product might be required for the following season. Bt (Ieknar@) should be tested as backup insecticide for emergency cases. However, a stock of 300 litres is considered to be sufficient due to the limited stability of the formulation. Action: APOG HQ and OCP VCU for acquisition and fonrvarding of Product. NOTF Coordinator for clearance on arrival in Bioko Considering the logistic and administrative problems, all products should be made available and sent to Bioko as soon as possible. Time of arrival should certainly not be later than October of this year. Time of action 2.3. RHODAMIN DYE The Rhodamin will be used for the training of the technicians, who will be engaged in ground application. Furthermore it will be utilized to monitor and demonstrate correct application of the insecticide. 40 litres of old OCP IRU and Aerops Kara stock have been deposited in the Aerops Kara store room for use in Bioko. The product is deposited in one Bt drum and marked "Rhodamine Apoc Bioko". [6fin-' .aD^c H^ -^d tloTtr'^cord!n:tc: f:- -,:tri-e:^^ ) Time of action: The product should be forwarded together with the insecticide and arrive in Bioko not later than October /00. 2.4. APPLICATION EQUIPMENT Ground teams using knapsack sprayers will carry out the larviciding. Many application points can be reached only after long foot walks or climbing up and down steep riverbanks. A knapsack sprayer containing up to 1B litres of product should therefore to be carried comfortably over longer periods of time. Product application should be simple, fast and give the correct dosage without using measuring cylinder or stopwatch. A lever-operated non-pressured piston sprayer is considered to be most suitable. The Berthould sprayer model Comos-18 was tested and performed well, according to expectation. Five sprayers and two service kits, amounting to approximately US $500 should be ordered and forwarded. Action: Time of action: APOC HQ and NOTF coordinator for clearance on arrival lmmediate 2.5. OTHER EQUIPMENT A multitude of treatment, measuring and monitoring equipment does yet have to be supplied and forwarded. They are: 10 simple mercury thermometers 10 rolls of fluorescent plastic tape 10 blocks of water-proof paper 4 one - litre alu bottles for the transport of temephos and rhodamin (from I RU/OCP). 1 Ott-meter. An Ott-meter, used for river discharge measurement, had been borrowed from OCP- Hydro Kara, but was returned to Kara. One unit should be supplied again and remain in Bioko till the end of the project. 2 small petrol operated chain saws (30cm blades) should be purchased for use by the treatment teams. During previous visits it was observed that brush and fallen trees blocked 6 I plantation tracks after each rain and/or storm. Trees were usually too big or tough or numerous to be cut by cuflass, but small enough to be cleared by the requested saws. During treatment operations it cannot be afforded to suspend treatment every time due to such relatively numerous obstacles. Suitable chain saws do now cost less than US$150 a piece in supermarkets. R. Meyer would be prepared to purchase the saws, together with spare chains and chain oil and send them to HQ Geneva to be fonruarded to Bioko. R. Meyer is also requesting to have his alu trunk with equipment for river tests and treatment, which is stored at the OCP/Aerops Kara store, sent to Bioko. Action: APOC HQ, OCP Chief VCU and R. Meyer if requested. NOTF Coord. for clearance. Time of action: lmmediate. 2.6. RADIOS One HF radio with antenna and two UHF radios are required. lt is planned to install the HF radio at the WHO Representation office. Since a high water tower and some tall trees are located in the compound a mast for the antenna might not be required. The HF radio could perhaps be transferred to the airport hanger later on when the aerial operations will start. As it is not known which radio frequencies will be most suitable it seems advisable to install all OCP, EHI and UNDP frequencies. A list of frequencies is attached (table 2). Mobil EG are prepared to assist in the radio installation. A technician from OMNES an EG-based daughter company of Mobil lnc., handling all electronic and radio work for Mobil, will actually do the work. l Action APOC HQ, OCP Garage, OCPruCU, WHO office EG and NOTF Coordinator. OMNES and R. Meyer for installation of antennae and test of frequencies. Time of action: lmmediate. The WR and the NOTF Coordinator should be supplied with a list of the required radio frequencies as soon as possible in order to request permits for their use. The installation of antenna after the arrival of R. Meyer. 2.7. TREATMENT MAPS A prototype of the treatment maps has been prepared, containing all points of application (Maps 14, not enclosed). Ten (10) sets of maps should be prepared and plastified. Furthermore, tables enumerating all treatment points with river names and codes have been prepared (Appendix l). These tables will be used by the treatment teams to record att treatment data. A Spanish version of the tables will have to be established. Action APOC/HQ, OCP cartograPher. Time of action: lmmediate 2.8 TRAINING OF PERSONNEL, PROSPECTION AND TREATMENT OPERATIONS Training of the treatment technicians will commence in week 212001 and continue for three weeks. All treatment points will be visited and finally be established. During the training period some experimental treatment with temephos, Bt and Rhodamin will be carried out. Starting week 3tZOOl thorough pre-treatment river prospections will be conducted for two weeks. Also starting in week 3 a four-week period of hydrobiological monitoring will take Place. 8 -t Regular ground treatment operations will start in week 512001 and continue for a time of twelve weeks. Treatment will take place at7-day intervals, each treatment followed by a post-treatment prospection. Treatment operations will be shared among two teams. Each team consists of three persons - a team-leader and two technicians. Team leaders will be R. Meyer - who will also be the training officer - and S. Abaga. During the absence of R. Meyer, a person yet to be selected, will take over. The team of four treatment technicians will consist of two technicians to be diverted from the dissection team and two persons who will yet have to be recruited. Employment will be temporary for a four months period from January to April 2001. The technicians should, if possible have some agricultural background. Knowledge in handling of insecticides or other chemicals would be helpful and they should be prepared to work in the field and in rivers all day. Pre treatment prospections and experimental operations will be canied out by M. Wilson, R. Meyer, T. Barro, l. Tirados and S. Abaga. The same group of persons will also - if present - participate in the weekly post-treatment prospections. They will partly be assisted by the treatment technicians. Weekly treatments are expected to last for two to three days depending on atmospheric conditions. The post-treatment prospections will again take 2-3 days. Action: NOTF Goordinator and WHO office for the recruitment of personnel M. Wilson, R. Meyer and S. Abaga for the training. Time of action: Recruitment : October 2000 or earlier. Training : January 2001 INSECTICIDE DEPOTS lnsecticide depots will be established at: 1. WHO office in Malabo 2. rtectricity nlant and water pumns depot in I u5, 3. Health post at Balacha de Riaba. 9 2.9 Mobil runs the depot in Luba with a technician from Mobil in charge. The depot is safe' During previous visits we used the depot to guard our vehicles. The technician, who is a well-known and respected person in town, has cooperated with us very well. At Balacha de Riaba we have been offered to use a room at the local health post. Action 1. Malabo depot, WHO office Malabo, NOTF Coord. 2. Luba depot, R. Meyer and M. Wilson 3. Balacha depot, R. Meyer and M. Wilson. Time of action: 1. lmmediate 2. January 2001 on arrivat in Bioko 3. January 2001 on arrivat in Bioko 2.10. TRANSPORT Four (4) vehicles are required to secure successful operations, with a fifth vehicle to help out at peak times during weeks 3 to 6. Distribution of the vehicles will be as follows: vehicles for the treatment teams vehicle for prospection vehicle for vector coltection 1-2 vehicles for the hydrobiologists, whereby the second vehicle may be borrowed from the other teams. All vehicles must be in place at the beginning of January i.e. the arrival of the expatriate staff. They shoutd be in good operational condition, equipped with spare tyre and sufficient tools. A valid car insurance is indispensable. These requirements are specifically mentioned, because their lacking created numerous problems during past missions. Treatment operations are seasonal and therefore relatively inflexible. The availability of sufficient vehicles and other equipment is absolutely indispensable for the success of the operations. 2 1 1 l0 t- Drivers are required to man the vehicles. lf they have not already been employed, they will have to be employed on temporary basis, for the duration of the correspond ing activities. Action APOC HQ for the supply of vehicles. NOTF Coord. and WHO office Malabo for import, registration, insurance of vehicles and for employment of drivers. Time of action: lmmediate, respectively according to advance of activities. 2.11. OTHER TRANSPORT REQUIREMENT ln order to gain information on the situation in the southem part of the island, where access is possible from the sea only, two to three boat trips for prospection (and susceptibility testing?) of the rivers in that region should be included in the work program. lt seems possible to rent a suitable boat with crew at a very reasonable rate (- CFA 70 000 lday) from the governor's office at Luba. Towards the end of the treatment season 2001, when the final decision for the treatment programme 2002 has to be taken, an aerial reconnaissance flight across the southem part of the island will have to be taken. Mobil and Canadian Helicopters could be approached for the use of one of their helicopters, with or without payment. lt might also be advisable to approach EHI for the use of their Cessna. This would force them to get organized, including all administrative, technical and logistic aspects. And it would give them an opportunity to really evaluate and appreciate the task that will be expected from them. Action: R. Meyer, M. Wilson Time of action: Latter part of the 2001 dry season ll -a 2.12. SENSITIZATION Before the start of the 2001 season a series of sensitization activities should be arranged. Since the whole of the inhabited area of the island is to be treated for a period of three months, the population of all villages should be informed about the project. Furthermore all political, civil, medical, military and security authorities should be thoroughly briefed on our activities. During past missions it became apparent that especially the sensitization of the military and security forces, down to the level of the field staff had not been carried out sufficiently. But exactly this is of vital importance for the success of the project. Many of our working areas Iike dams, hydroelectric power plants, irrigation channels, backyards of the numerous military camps etc are considered high priority security areas. During the research and preparatory seasons numerous dangerous situations - and what is as important - delays and restraints occurred due to lack of sensitization. Such restraints are, of course, unacceptable to time-restricted regular control activities. Therefore, it is of vital importance that this time numerous well-prepared sensitization campaigns are conducted throughout the island before the start of operations. Action WHO Office EG, NOTF Goordinator, M. Wilson, R. Meyer Time of action: Starting October 2000, continuously 2.13 LUBA Operations should, to a large extend be conducted out of Luba. The location has many advantages over the capital tt/alabo. Luba is located closer to the important rivers, there is sufficient hotel capacity available, all participants can stay together in one or two hotels, there is sufficient space for storage of equipment, for use as lab and office t_ t2 a clean river passes directly outside the hotel, which can serve the hydrobiologists as store for live fish and other aquatic test fauna. And it can be used for hydrobiological experiments. work out of Luba facilitates coordination of and control over the team and ensures regular appearance. military and security forces are more relaxed in Luba. Since the situation is more provincial than Malabo and strangers are quickly known to the officials. 2.14 INVITATIONS, PERMITS,'GREDENTIALS' The list of expatriate visitors as well as the timetable of their stay in Bioko (table 1) should be finalized and handed to the WHO office EG and the NOTF Coordinator for the preparation of invitations, permits and credencials. Action: APOC HQ, WHO Office EG, NOTF Goordinator Time of action: lmmediate 3 CONGLUSIONS AND REGOMMENDATIONS The aim of the operations in Bioko is the interruption of the transmission of onchocerciasis by total eradication of the disease carrying vector S. damnosum. Ground larviciding operations during the dry season of the year 2OO1 are considered to be only a first step in this direction. Combined aerial and ground application operations during the dry season of the year 2OO2 will be conducted aiming at complete eradication of the vector in one single season. The program for these operations will have to be in place before the end of the 2001 treatment season The success of the aerial operations depends to a large extent on the assistance of the OCP and their counterpart Evergreen (Helicopters) lnc. Since the year ZOO2 will be the last year of the OCP with only reduced aerial operation activities, it is strongly advised to start preparations for the season 2002 now. Furthermore, the active and regular assistance of the WHO Representative E.G. will be of imminent importance from now on. tl tI t 4 REFERENCES Abban, E.K. : Baseline information and impact assessment of temephos as Simulium larvicide on freshwater fishes and prawns of Bioko island Amakye, J.s. & Amegbe, G.B.: Baseline information on a aquatic macro- invertebrate of Bioko island and impact of the Srmu/rum larvicide Temephos EC20 on them. March-April, 1999. Barro, T. : Participation d l'6tude de faisabilite du projet d'elimination du vecteur de I'onchocercose dans l'ile de Bioko en Guin6e Equatoriale Brooks, S.G. & Jackson K.A. : Environmental impact assessment (ElA) part 2C macro-invertebrate indicator species Gheke, R.A. : Report on visit to Equatorial Guinea for Onchocerciasis Control planning and training of local personnel in techniques for vector control and its monitoring 10 April to 3 May 1ggg. McGall, P.J.: Report on a visit to the APOC Vector Elimination Project, Bioko, Equatorial Guinea, December 5h-1gh , 1ggg. Meyer, R.R.F : Mission to Bioko 18.3 - 20.4.99 Wilson, M.D. et al : Progress Report, January-May 19gg t4 a o .a(g F. 6=qb .:o -616; ra-6s 'C ia .9ogE('!t ul c, -cLox .goOq- E;(, L'JrbO(,)TE -o-OE 6(U Sct EC =oul> r-o9t$o)-oogo9 outr<tr ( O) (U o \ / It- :L o. (o ro .+ <.) .cog(I, = ls ,,/, D o (t) @ b((, fL -o(I) IL F- <o \ 7 (o / \ s I I b(I,=E6 - <") (\T o of orE:-c.E E3IFF c <D 61ECqro o)o) :o </)g)o o- o- 6 Co= rLE(1)EEo)=o_6 xc)ur: o)lod6cl EE Eo.rE o) s6CCEoo6 zb60-JO I (o C(g c(D otlc-L- croo)=L(! -l(/)(E o>Io) coq ; d) (D r. c(! -o -o d (1) E =E o) E tu C) v @ E - (D -o o, o) E o LL(o co F coa u'tE't6croOLlt- u> 15 ITable 2 HF Radio Frequencies OMS - EHI- UNDP (PNUD) Frequency Channel No OMS EHI UNDP 6917.0 7730.O 7460.0 10143.0 10988.0 5&5.0 6850.0 7570.O 6875.0 8870.0 6638.0 6673.0 8861.0 10269.5 11287.5 4457.1 4535.1 4605.1 4608.6 5750.1 5880.6 5917.1 6766.5 8094.6 9987.1 10112.0 10222.1 10987.7 11042.6 14405.O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 I 12 13 14 15 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 4 5 6 7 I 3 10 2 1 8 11 12 13 14 15 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 I 10 11 12 13 14 15 l6 APPENDIX I APOC VEGTOR ELIMINATION PROJECT, BTOKO EQUATORIAL GUINEA RIVER TREATMENT MONTH: Legend: dosage (l/Abate 200EC), NF = no flow, NA = not accessrble; NV = not visited t1 Treatment information Date Date Date Date Date River Section Application Point No. Consul BA 1OO 1 2 Consul BA 101 3 4 5 Consul BA 103 6 7 Matadero BA 2OO 8 I 10 11 12 Matadero BA 201 13 Matadero BA 202 14 15 16 17 Ericorico BA 3OO 1B Ericorico BA 301 19 20 I I APOC VECTOR ELIMINATION PROJECT, BIOKO EQUATORIAL GUINEA RIVER TREATMENT MONTH: River Section Application Point No. Treatment information Date Date Date Date Date Borabaabo BA 303 21 Iterile BA 304 22 Brabecho BA 305 23 Co BA 4OO 24 Co BA 401 25 26 Bobo BA 403 27 28 Borabuope CA 1OO 29 30 Bojo CA 2OO 31 32 Eute CA 3OO 33 u Socopetete CA 4OO 35 36 37 Ebuchu CA 5OO 38 39 40 Legend: dosage (l/Abate 200EC), NF = no flow; NA = not accessible; NV = not visited l8 APOC VECTOR ELIMINATION PROJECT, BIOKO EQUATORIAL GUINEA RIVER TREATMENT MONTH: Legend: dosage (l/Abate 200EC), NF = no flow; NA = not accessible; NV = not visited River Section Application Point No. Treatment information Date Date Date Date Date Ebuchu CA 501 41 42 Buchuala CA 502 43 Bopebie CA 600 44 45 46 Bobiale CA 601 47 Setaseta CA 7OO 48 49 Eola CA 8OO 50 51 Pela CA 9OO 52 53 Toco CA 101 54 Sopo CA 110 55 cA 111 56 Laja CA 120 57 Bosua CA 130 58 Bolaescuba CA 140 59 Mmo cA 141 60 l9 APOC VECTOR ELIMINATION PROJECT, BIOKO EQUATORIAL GUINEA RIVER TREATMENT MONTH: Legend: dosage (l/Abate 200EC), NF = no flow; NA = not accessible, NV = not visited River Section Application Point No. Treatment information Date Date Date Date Date Suhu CA 150 61 CA 151 62 Bachila cA152 63 Tapechique CA 160 64 65 Capo CA 170 66 67 Buala cp.171 68 Toho BA 5OO 69 Cuo BA 501 70 Ria - Ria BA 601 71 Cope BA 7OO 72 73 Boo BA 801 74 Biru BA 802 75 Ote BA 804 76 Kibaco CA 180 77 Uba BA 901 7B 79 20 APOC VECTOR ELIMINATION PROJECT, BTOKO EQUATORIAL GUINEA RIVER TREATMENT MONTH: Ruma AB 230 100 Abate 200EC), NF = no flow; NA = not access 2t Treatment information Date Date Date Date Date River Section Application Point No. Batatale/Tioto BB 103 80 Eoche BB 104 81 Date BB107 82 Bitem cB 190 83 Echue CB 191 u Chue / Buba BB 110 85 Buba (Chue) BB 111 86 Buile BB 121 87 Nca, AB 101 , 88 Sabo BB 130 89 Sabo BB 131 90 91 Uri BB 132 92 Basaca 88133 93 CB 2OO 94 95 96 Ruma AB 220 97 98 99 Legend: dosage NV = not visited APOC VECTOR ELIMINATION PROJEGT, BIOKO EQUATORIAL GUINEA RIVER TREATMENT MONTH: Legend: dosage (l/Abate 200EC), NF = no flow; NA = not accessible; NV = not visited River Section Application Point No. Treatment information Date Date Date Date Date Ruma AB23O 101 Siloco AB 221 102 Grande Al8241 103 Grande/Goula AB 24i,246 104 Calabo AB 243 105 Musola AC 710 106 107 108 109 Eba 4C711 110 111 112 113 Saba 4C712 114 115 Musola AC 720 116 Musola AC 730 117 Musola AC 740 118 Boolo AC 731 119 120 22 APOG VECTOR ELIMINATTON PROJEGT, BTOKO EQUATORIAL GUINEA RIVER TREATMENT MONTH: Legend: dosage (l/Abate 200EC), NF = no flow; NA = not accessible; NV = not visrted River Section Application Point No. Treatment information Date Date Date Date Date Boolo 121 122 Tu BC 180 123 Boba cc 472 124 125 126 Ndaa BC 170 127 128 cc 471 129 CC 460 130 Builo 1 3 1 Tiburones AD 810 132 133 134 Biroco AD 821 135 136 Edda AD 812 137 Matogi AD 815 138 Lada AD 816 139 140 2l APOC VECTOR ELIMINATION PROJECT, BIOKO EQUATORIAL GUINEA RIVER TREATMENT MONTH: Legend: dosage (l/Abate 200EC), NF = no flow; NA = not accessible; NV = not visited River Section Application Point No. Treatment information Date Date Date Date Date CD 471 1 4 1 Malaho AD 930 142 143 1M Chike cD 472 145 Pade CD 473 146 Bichibi cD 474 147 Pututu cD 475 148 Esaa/Rupe BD 191 149 Moramope BD 193 150 1 5 1 Bioco CD 476 152 ope BD 2OO 153 Biala cD 480 154 Toaca CD 490 155 Bialauchi CD 490 156 Co CD 5OO 157 158 159 Nale CD 510 160 Apu AD 102 1 6 1 24 APOC VECTOR ELIMINATION PROJECT, BIOKO EQUATORIAL GUINEA RIVER TREATMENT MONTH: Legend. dosage (l/Abate 200EC), NF = no flow; NA = not accessible; NV = not visited River Section Application Point No. Treatment information Date Date Date Date Date 162 163 Bosao BD 210 164 165 Bota BD 212 166 Bolaopi BD 220 167 168 169 Bueljeba BD 221 170 Abaa cD 521 1 7 1 Lopesa AD 118 172 173 Nale AD 119 174 Lue AD 116 175 176 Tiburones AD 111 177 178 179 Urabela/Sacriba AD 115 180 AD 115 181 182 25 APOG VECTOR ELIMINATION PROJECT, BIOKO EQUATORIAL GUINEA RIVER TREATMENT MONTH: Legend: dosage (l/Abate 200EC), NF = no flow; NA = not accessrble; NV = not visrted River Section Applicatio n Point No. Treatment information Date Date Date Date Date Dibelo AD 114 183 184 Mirupuru CD 530 185 186 187 188 Mopobill CD ilO 189 Mopobill cD 541 190 Copeta cD 542 1 o 1 Balabari CD 543 192 193 Balabari CD 544 194 Bosecabosechi BD 230 195 196 197 Sampaca BD 231 198 Sampaca/Bioco BD 232 199 200 Sampaca/Bioco BD 232 201 Bolola BD 233 202 203 204 26 IAPOC VECTOR ELIMINATION PROJECT, BIOKO EQUATORIAL GUINEA RIVER TREATMENT MONTH: Legend: dosage (l/Abate 200EC), NF = no flow; NA = not accessible; NV = not visited River Section Application Point No. Treatment information Date Date Date Date Date 205 Timbabe AD 121 206 207 Timbabe AD 122 208 Timbabe AD 123 209 Biolo AD 129 210 211 212 213 27 I@5 c 6l(i, EYI t(, I t I i I !c e t{ c.,b to ea o o dt ur o '52 C'6q, G sq r! o st E J I I i I B o o lr T\t o e .dq a o !,ot, an (, -- t oJ - o 6 z F9 o .'\ I F. 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AFRTCAN PROGRAMME FOR ONCHOCERCTASTS CONTROL (ApOG): ONCHOCERCIASIS VECTOR ELIMINATION PROJECT BIOKO, EQUATORIAL GUINEA PLAN OF ACTION FOR GROUND TREATMENT OPERATIONS IN THE YEAR 2001. Rolf R. F. Meyer Temporary Advisor Scharpenbargsweg 8 21149 Hamburg Federal Republic of Germany May 2000 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION """"""""' 3 2. MATERIALS, METHODS AND D|SCUSS|ON"""""""' """"'3 2.1. CENTRAL sToRE..... """"""""""4 2.2. !NSEGT|C|DE.......-... """"""""""" 5 2.3. RHODAMIN DYE """"" 5 2.4. APPLICATIoN EQUIPMENT """"""""' """"' 6 2.5. OTHER EQUIPMENT.....-......... """ 6 2.6. RADTOS """'7 2.7. TREATMENT MAPS """"""""""" 8 2.8 TRAINING OF PERSONNEL, PROSPECTION AND TREATMENT OPERATIONS "..""" 8 2.g INSECTICIDE DEPOTS............ """"""""""" 9 10 2.11. OTHER TRANSPORT REQUIREMENT """"""""""' 11 2.12. SENSlrlzATloN.....-..... """"""12 2.13 LUBA """"'12 2.14 INVITATIONS, PERMITS, 'CREDENTIALS'' """"""""' 13 3 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS"""" """"""' 13 4. REFERENCES......... """"' 14 Table 1............... ""' 15 Table 2............ """""""""'16 17Appendix 1 Page 2 28 1. INTRODUCTION Ground larviciding activities against S. damnosum are planned to be conducted during the dry season of the year 2001 and they will serve as preliminary activities for the aim of complete vector eradication by combined ground and aerial operations in the dry season of the year 2002. The dry season in Bioko usually lasts for four months from January to April although length and severity might change considerably from year to year. Ground treatment will start in week 5/01 and will continue for twelve weeks until week 16101with weekly treatment cycles (Table 1). Treatment activities will be preceded by several weeks of training of the technicians, pre treatment prospections, experimental treatments, susceptibility tests and hydrobiological monitoring and testing. Regular river prospections and vector collection activities will accompany the larviciding throughout. Several weeks of evaluation and analysis after termination of the treatment operations will provide the basis for the activities of the following year. MATERIALS, METHODS AND DISCUSSION During numerous research, prospection and experimental missions it has been established that S. damnosum breeding does not occur at altitudes beyond 500m above sea level (see reports of Cheke, Wilson, McCall and Meyer) although the presence of adult flies has been observed well beyond that level. Treatment will therefore be limited to that height although even this level can only be accessed in very few locations. Generally, an area between 30 and 70% of the inhabited part of the island can be covered from the ground. And the inhabited area below 500m makes up only about 60% of the total island area betow 500 m (Maps 14, not enclosed). A ring road passes around the inhabited part of the island on the slopes of the volcanoes at a height of 100 to 400 m above sea level and at distances of 1 to 4km from the sea. Most rivers pass this road, which means that most rivers can be treated from the roadbridge to control breeding in their lower stretches, which are usually the most productive parts of the rivers. (Map 5) .fllef ovef )OO (eXaCtlr.,)11\ froatmonf nrlipfq fi3r,ro h-^n i.r--r:r. -t - ,?. l\4CSt Of them -approximately B0% - will have no flow during some part of the dry season. 1 2 a 2.1. However the remaining 2Oo/o include the most productive points on rivers which flow throughout the year. Many of these points can be reached only with increased effort. Long bush trips or even extended foot walks are required to reach them. Temephos (Abate 200 EC) has been selected as larvicide of choice. Susceptibility of S. damnosum to the product has proven to be excellent in susceptibility (report of Barro T.) and river tests (report of Meyer R.) with acceptable effe1l on the non-target fauna (reports of Abban E. and Amakye G, Brooks S.G). However further tests will be conducted before the commencement of the treatment activities. A dosage of g.3litre of product per m3/s of river discharge has been shown to be appropriate. The smallest dosage to be applied in rivers with very low flow will be 0.05litre of product. Due to the high turbidity of all rivers product dilution is rapid and carry of the product is limited to approximately 2 km (report of Meyer R.). Rhodamin dye will be used to demonstrate the behavior and effect of temephos in training of the technicians, in treatment experiments and in larviciding operations until a treatment routine has been established. An improved formulation of Bt (Teknar@) will be tested to establish its abilities as backup product, although it is doubtful whether carry performances will be sufficient under the prevailing conditions in Equatorial Guinea. Preparation of the treatment activities should start now. They are: CENTRAL STORE An insecticide and equipment store will have to be set up in Malabo. A suitable container is available in the compound of the WHO representation. lt has been offered to the project. The existing container should be emptied, cleaned and equipped with a lock. Action : APOC HQ, WHO office Equatorial Guinea (EG) 4 Time of action: lmmediate The WR should give written notice when the container is available 2.2. INSECTICIDE Temephos (Abate 200 EC) will be used for larviciding at a dosage of 0.3litre/m3 river discharge. The smallest amount to be applied will be 0,05 litre per drop. A total consumption of 1200litres is anticipated for the season. However, since the nature of the dry season can vary considerably, sufficient reserve stock should be available. Therefore, 2000 litres of temephos should be supplied. As purchase and transport of such a relatively small amount of product is rather inefficient I propose to borrow the product from the newest OCP Aerops Kara stock and reimburse OCP accordingly. I was informed that Aerops Kara see no problem to let APOC have the required amount. Chief VCU and Aerops should also be informed that a similar amount of product might be required for the following season. Bt (Ieknar@) should be tested as backup insecticide for emergency cases. However, a stock of 300 litres is considered to be sufficient due to the limited stability of the formulation. Action: APOG HQ and OCP VCU for acquisition and fonrvarding of Product. NOTF Coordinator for clearance on arrival in Bioko Considering the logistic and administrative problems, all products should be made available and sent to Bioko as soon as possible. Time of arrival should certainly not be later than October of this year. Time of action 2.3. RHODAMIN DYE The Rhodamin will be used for the training of the technicians, who will be engaged in ground application. Furthermore it will be utilized to monitor and demonstrate correct application of the insecticide. 40 litres of old OCP IRU and Aerops Kara stock have been deposited in the Aerops Kara store room for use in Bioko. The product is deposited in one Bt drum and marked "Rhodamine Apoc Bioko". [6fin-' .aD^c H^ -^d tloTtr'^cord!n:tc: f:- -,:tri-e:^^ ) Time of action: The product should be forwarded together with the insecticide and arrive in Bioko not later than October /00. 2.4. APPLICATION EQUIPMENT Ground teams using knapsack sprayers will carry out the larviciding. Many application points can be reached only after long foot walks or climbing up and down steep riverbanks. A knapsack sprayer containing up to 1B litres of product should therefore to be carried comfortably over longer periods of time. Product application should be simple, fast and give the correct dosage without using measuring cylinder or stopwatch. A lever-operated non-pressured piston sprayer is considered to be most suitable. The Berthould sprayer model Comos-18 was tested and performed well, according to expectation. Five sprayers and two service kits, amounting to approximately US $500 should be ordered and forwarded. Action: Time of action: APOC HQ and NOTF coordinator for clearance on arrival lmmediate 2.5. OTHER EQUIPMENT A multitude of treatment, measuring and monitoring equipment does yet have to be supplied and forwarded. They are: 10 simple mercury thermometers 10 rolls of fluorescent plastic tape 10 blocks of water-proof paper 4 one - litre alu bottles for the transport of temephos and rhodamin (from I RU/OCP). 1 Ott-meter. An Ott-meter, used for river discharge measurement, had been borrowed from OCP- Hydro Kara, but was returned to Kara. One unit should be supplied again and remain in Bioko till the end of the project. 2 small petrol operated chain saws (30cm blades) should be purchased for use by the treatment teams. During previous visits it was observed that brush and fallen trees blocked 6 I plantation tracks after each rain and/or storm. Trees were usually too big or tough or numerous to be cut by cuflass, but small enough to be cleared by the requested saws. During treatment operations it cannot be afforded to suspend treatment every time due to such relatively numerous obstacles. Suitable chain saws do now cost less than US$150 a piece in supermarkets. R. Meyer would be prepared to purchase the saws, together with spare chains and chain oil and send them to HQ Geneva to be fonruarded to Bioko. R. Meyer is also requesting to have his alu trunk with equipment for river tests and treatment, which is stored at the OCP/Aerops Kara store, sent to Bioko. Action: APOC HQ, OCP Chief VCU and R. Meyer if requested. NOTF Coord. for clearance. Time of action: lmmediate. 2.6. RADIOS One HF radio with antenna and two UHF radios are required. lt is planned to install the HF radio at the WHO Representation office. Since a high water tower and some tall trees are located in the compound a mast for the antenna might not be required. The HF radio could perhaps be transferred to the airport hanger later on when the aerial operations will start. As it is not known which radio frequencies will be most suitable it seems advisable to install all OCP, EHI and UNDP frequencies. A list of frequencies is attached (table 2). Mobil EG are prepared to assist in the radio installation. A technician from OMNES an EG-based daughter company of Mobil lnc., handling all electronic and radio work for Mobil, will actually do the work. l Action APOC HQ, OCP Garage, OCPruCU, WHO office EG and NOTF Coordinator. OMNES and R. Meyer for installation of antennae and test of frequencies. Time of action: lmmediate. The WR and the NOTF Coordinator should be supplied with a list of the required radio frequencies as soon as possible in order to request permits for their use. The installation of antenna after the arrival of R. Meyer. 2.7. TREATMENT MAPS A prototype of the treatment maps has been prepared, containing all points of application (Maps 14, not enclosed). Ten (10) sets of maps should be prepared and plastified. Furthermore, tables enumerating all treatment points with river names and codes have been prepared (Appendix l). These tables will be used by the treatment teams to record att treatment data. A Spanish version of the tables will have to be established. Action APOC/HQ, OCP cartograPher. Time of action: lmmediate 2.8 TRAINING OF PERSONNEL, PROSPECTION AND TREATMENT OPERATIONS Training of the treatment technicians will commence in week 212001 and continue for three weeks. All treatment points will be visited and finally be established. During the training period some experimental treatment with temephos, Bt and Rhodamin will be carried out. Starting week 3tZOOl thorough pre-treatment river prospections will be conducted for two weeks. Also starting in week 3 a four-week period of hydrobiological monitoring will take Place. 8 -t Regular ground treatment operations will start in week 512001 and continue for a time of twelve weeks. Treatment will take place at7-day intervals, each treatment followed by a post-treatment prospection. Treatment operations will be shared among two teams. Each team consists of three persons - a team-leader and two technicians. Team leaders will be R. Meyer - who will also be the training officer - and S. Abaga. During the absence of R. Meyer, a person yet to be selected, will take over. The team of four treatment technicians will consist of two technicians to be diverted from the dissection team and two persons who will yet have to be recruited. Employment will be temporary for a four months period from January to April 2001. The technicians should, if possible have some agricultural background. Knowledge in handling of insecticides or other chemicals would be helpful and they should be prepared to work in the field and in rivers all day. Pre treatment prospections and experimental operations will be canied out by M. Wilson, R. Meyer, T. Barro, l. Tirados and S. Abaga. The same group of persons will also - if present - participate in the weekly post-treatment prospections. They will partly be assisted by the treatment technicians. Weekly treatments are expected to last for two to three days depending on atmospheric conditions. The post-treatment prospections will again take 2-3 days. Action: NOTF Goordinator and WHO office for the recruitment of personnel M. Wilson, R. Meyer and S. Abaga for the training. Time of action: Recruitment : October 2000 or earlier. Training : January 2001 INSECTICIDE DEPOTS lnsecticide depots will be established at: 1. WHO office in Malabo 2. rtectricity nlant and water pumns depot in I u5, 3. Health post at Balacha de Riaba. 9 2.9 Mobil runs the depot in Luba with a technician from Mobil in charge. The depot is safe' During previous visits we used the depot to guard our vehicles. The technician, who is a well-known and respected person in town, has cooperated with us very well. At Balacha de Riaba we have been offered to use a room at the local health post. Action 1. Malabo depot, WHO office Malabo, NOTF Coord. 2. Luba depot, R. Meyer and M. Wilson 3. Balacha depot, R. Meyer and M. Wilson. Time of action: 1. lmmediate 2. January 2001 on arrivat in Bioko 3. January 2001 on arrivat in Bioko 2.10. TRANSPORT Four (4) vehicles are required to secure successful operations, with a fifth vehicle to help out at peak times during weeks 3 to 6. Distribution of the vehicles will be as follows: vehicles for the treatment teams vehicle for prospection vehicle for vector coltection 1-2 vehicles for the hydrobiologists, whereby the second vehicle may be borrowed from the other teams. All vehicles must be in place at the beginning of January i.e. the arrival of the expatriate staff. They shoutd be in good operational condition, equipped with spare tyre and sufficient tools. A valid car insurance is indispensable. These requirements are specifically mentioned, because their lacking created numerous problems during past missions. Treatment operations are seasonal and therefore relatively inflexible. The availability of sufficient vehicles and other equipment is absolutely indispensable for the success of the operations. 2 1 1 l0 t- Drivers are required to man the vehicles. lf they have not already been employed, they will have to be employed on temporary basis, for the duration of the correspond ing activities. Action APOC HQ for the supply of vehicles. NOTF Coord. and WHO office Malabo for import, registration, insurance of vehicles and for employment of drivers. Time of action: lmmediate, respectively according to advance of activities. 2.11. OTHER TRANSPORT REQUIREMENT ln order to gain information on the situation in the southem part of the island, where access is possible from the sea only, two to three boat trips for prospection (and susceptibility testing?) of the rivers in that region should be included in the work program. lt seems possible to rent a suitable boat with crew at a very reasonable rate (- CFA 70 000 lday) from the governor's office at Luba. Towards the end of the treatment season 2001, when the final decision for the treatment programme 2002 has to be taken, an aerial reconnaissance flight across the southem part of the island will have to be taken. Mobil and Canadian Helicopters could be approached for the use of one of their helicopters, with or without payment. lt might also be advisable to approach EHI for the use of their Cessna. This would force them to get organized, including all administrative, technical and logistic aspects. And it would give them an opportunity to really evaluate and appreciate the task that will be expected from them. Action: R. Meyer, M. Wilson Time of action: Latter part of the 2001 dry season ll -a 2.12. SENSITIZATION Before the start of the 2001 season a series of sensitization activities should be arranged. Since the whole of the inhabited area of the island is to be treated for a period of three months, the population of all villages should be informed about the project. Furthermore all political, civil, medical, military and security authorities should be thoroughly briefed on our activities. During past missions it became apparent that especially the sensitization of the military and security forces, down to the level of the field staff had not been carried out sufficiently. But exactly this is of vital importance for the success of the project. Many of our working areas Iike dams, hydroelectric power plants, irrigation channels, backyards of the numerous military camps etc are considered high priority security areas. During the research and preparatory seasons numerous dangerous situations - and what is as important - delays and restraints occurred due to lack of sensitization. Such restraints are, of course, unacceptable to time-restricted regular control activities. Therefore, it is of vital importance that this time numerous well-prepared sensitization campaigns are conducted throughout the island before the start of operations. Action WHO Office EG, NOTF Goordinator, M. Wilson, R. Meyer Time of action: Starting October 2000, continuously 2.13 LUBA Operations should, to a large extend be conducted out of Luba. The location has many advantages over the capital tt/alabo. Luba is located closer to the important rivers, there is sufficient hotel capacity available, all participants can stay together in one or two hotels, there is sufficient space for storage of equipment, for use as lab and office t_ t2 a clean river passes directly outside the hotel, which can serve the hydrobiologists as store for live fish and other aquatic test fauna. And it can be used for hydrobiological experiments. work out of Luba facilitates coordination of and control over the team and ensures regular appearance. military and security forces are more relaxed in Luba. Since the situation is more provincial than Malabo and strangers are quickly known to the officials. 2.14 INVITATIONS, PERMITS,'GREDENTIALS' The list of expatriate visitors as well as the timetable of their stay in Bioko (table 1) should be finalized and handed to the WHO office EG and the NOTF Coordinator for the preparation of invitations, permits and credencials. Action: APOC HQ, WHO Office EG, NOTF Goordinator Time of action: lmmediate 3 CONGLUSIONS AND REGOMMENDATIONS The aim of the operations in Bioko is the interruption of the transmission of onchocerciasis by total eradication of the disease carrying vector S. damnosum. Ground larviciding operations during the dry season of the year 2OO1 are considered to be only a first step in this direction. Combined aerial and ground application operations during the dry season of the year 2OO2 will be conducted aiming at complete eradication of the vector in one single season. The program for these operations will have to be in place before the end of the 2001 treatment season The success of the aerial operations depends to a large extent on the assistance of the OCP and their counterpart Evergreen (Helicopters) lnc. Since the year ZOO2 will be the last year of the OCP with only reduced aerial operation activities, it is strongly advised to start preparations for the season 2002 now. Furthermore, the active and regular assistance of the WHO Representative E.G. will be of imminent importance from now on. tl tI t 4 REFERENCES Abban, E.K. : Baseline information and impact assessment of temephos as Simulium larvicide on freshwater fishes and prawns of Bioko island Amakye, J.s. & Amegbe, G.B.: Baseline information on a aquatic macro- invertebrate of Bioko island and impact of the Srmu/rum larvicide Temephos EC20 on them. March-April, 1999. Barro, T. : Participation d l'6tude de faisabilite du projet d'elimination du vecteur de I'onchocercose dans l'ile de Bioko en Guin6e Equatoriale Brooks, S.G. & Jackson K.A. : Environmental impact assessment (ElA) part 2C macro-invertebrate indicator species Gheke, R.A. : Report on visit to Equatorial Guinea for Onchocerciasis Control planning and training of local personnel in techniques for vector control and its monitoring 10 April to 3 May 1ggg. McGall, P.J.: Report on a visit to the APOC Vector Elimination Project, Bioko, Equatorial Guinea, December 5h-1gh , 1ggg. Meyer, R.R.F : Mission to Bioko 18.3 - 20.4.99 Wilson, M.D. et al : Progress Report, January-May 19gg t4 a o .a(g F. 6=qb .:o -616; ra-6s 'C ia .9ogE('!t ul c, -cLox .goOq- E;(, L'JrbO(,)TE -o-OE 6(U Sct EC =oul> r-o9t$o)-oogo9 outr<tr ( O) (U o \ / It- :L o. (o ro .+ <.) .cog(I, = ls ,,/, D o (t) @ b((, fL -o(I) IL F- <o \ 7 (o / \ s I I b(I,=E6 - <") (\T o of orE:-c.E E3IFF c <D 61ECqro o)o) :o </)g)o o- o- 6 Co= rLE(1)EEo)=o_6 xc)ur: o)lod6cl EE Eo.rE o) s6CCEoo6 zb60-JO I (o C(g c(D otlc-L- croo)=L(! -l(/)(E o>Io) coq ; d) (D r. c(! -o -o d (1) E =E o) E tu C) v @ E - (D -o o, o) E o LL(o co F coa u'tE't6croOLlt- u> 15 ITable 2 HF Radio Frequencies OMS - EHI- UNDP (PNUD) Frequency Channel No OMS EHI UNDP 6917.0 7730.O 7460.0 10143.0 10988.0 5&5.0 6850.0 7570.O 6875.0 8870.0 6638.0 6673.0 8861.0 10269.5 11287.5 4457.1 4535.1 4605.1 4608.6 5750.1 5880.6 5917.1 6766.5 8094.6 9987.1 10112.0 10222.1 10987.7 11042.6 14405.O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 I 12 13 14 15 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 4 5 6 7 I 3 10 2 1 8 11 12 13 14 15 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 I 10 11 12 13 14 15 l6 APPENDIX I APOC VEGTOR ELIMINATION PROJECT, BTOKO EQUATORIAL GUINEA RIVER TREATMENT MONTH: Legend: dosage (l/Abate 200EC), NF = no flow, NA = not accessrble; NV = not visited t1 Treatment information Date Date Date Date Date River Section Application Point No. Consul BA 1OO 1 2 Consul BA 101 3 4 5 Consul BA 103 6 7 Matadero BA 2OO 8 I 10 11 12 Matadero BA 201 13 Matadero BA 202 14 15 16 17 Ericorico BA 3OO 1B Ericorico BA 301 19 20 I I APOC VECTOR ELIMINATION PROJECT, BIOKO EQUATORIAL GUINEA RIVER TREATMENT MONTH: River Section Application Point No. Treatment information Date Date Date Date Date Borabaabo BA 303 21 Iterile BA 304 22 Brabecho BA 305 23 Co BA 4OO 24 Co BA 401 25 26 Bobo BA 403 27 28 Borabuope CA 1OO 29 30 Bojo CA 2OO 31 32 Eute CA 3OO 33 u Socopetete CA 4OO 35 36 37 Ebuchu CA 5OO 38 39 40 Legend: dosage (l/Abate 200EC), NF = no flow; NA = not accessible; NV = not visited l8 APOC VECTOR ELIMINATION PROJECT, BIOKO EQUATORIAL GUINEA RIVER TREATMENT MONTH: Legend: dosage (l/Abate 200EC), NF = no flow; NA = not accessible; NV = not visited River Section Application Point No. Treatment information Date Date Date Date Date Ebuchu CA 501 41 42 Buchuala CA 502 43 Bopebie CA 600 44 45 46 Bobiale CA 601 47 Setaseta CA 7OO 48 49 Eola CA 8OO 50 51 Pela CA 9OO 52 53 Toco CA 101 54 Sopo CA 110 55 cA 111 56 Laja CA 120 57 Bosua CA 130 58 Bolaescuba CA 140 59 Mmo cA 141 60 l9 APOC VECTOR ELIMINATION PROJECT, BIOKO EQUATORIAL GUINEA RIVER TREATMENT MONTH: Legend: dosage (l/Abate 200EC), NF = no flow; NA = not accessible, NV = not visited River Section Application Point No. Treatment information Date Date Date Date Date Suhu CA 150 61 CA 151 62 Bachila cA152 63 Tapechique CA 160 64 65 Capo CA 170 66 67 Buala cp.171 68 Toho BA 5OO 69 Cuo BA 501 70 Ria - Ria BA 601 71 Cope BA 7OO 72 73 Boo BA 801 74 Biru BA 802 75 Ote BA 804 76 Kibaco CA 180 77 Uba BA 901 7B 79 20 APOC VECTOR ELIMINATION PROJECT, BTOKO EQUATORIAL GUINEA RIVER TREATMENT MONTH: Ruma AB 230 100 Abate 200EC), NF = no flow; NA = not access 2t Treatment information Date Date Date Date Date River Section Application Point No. Batatale/Tioto BB 103 80 Eoche BB 104 81 Date BB107 82 Bitem cB 190 83 Echue CB 191 u Chue / Buba BB 110 85 Buba (Chue) BB 111 86 Buile BB 121 87 Nca, AB 101 , 88 Sabo BB 130 89 Sabo BB 131 90 91 Uri BB 132 92 Basaca 88133 93 CB 2OO 94 95 96 Ruma AB 220 97 98 99 Legend: dosage NV = not visited APOC VECTOR ELIMINATION PROJEGT, BIOKO EQUATORIAL GUINEA RIVER TREATMENT MONTH: Legend: dosage (l/Abate 200EC), NF = no flow; NA = not accessible; NV = not visited River Section Application Point No. Treatment information Date Date Date Date Date Ruma AB23O 101 Siloco AB 221 102 Grande Al8241 103 Grande/Goula AB 24i,246 104 Calabo AB 243 105 Musola AC 710 106 107 108 109 Eba 4C711 110 111 112 113 Saba 4C712 114 115 Musola AC 720 116 Musola AC 730 117 Musola AC 740 118 Boolo AC 731 119 120 22 APOG VECTOR ELIMINATTON PROJEGT, BTOKO EQUATORIAL GUINEA RIVER TREATMENT MONTH: Legend: dosage (l/Abate 200EC), NF = no flow; NA = not accessible; NV = not visrted River Section Application Point No. Treatment information Date Date Date Date Date Boolo 121 122 Tu BC 180 123 Boba cc 472 124 125 126 Ndaa BC 170 127 128 cc 471 129 CC 460 130 Builo 1 3 1 Tiburones AD 810 132 133 134 Biroco AD 821 135 136 Edda AD 812 137 Matogi AD 815 138 Lada AD 816 139 140 2l APOC VECTOR ELIMINATION PROJECT, BIOKO EQUATORIAL GUINEA RIVER TREATMENT MONTH: Legend: dosage (l/Abate 200EC), NF = no flow; NA = not accessible; NV = not visited River Section Application Point No. Treatment information Date Date Date Date Date CD 471 1 4 1 Malaho AD 930 142 143 1M Chike cD 472 145 Pade CD 473 146 Bichibi cD 474 147 Pututu cD 475 148 Esaa/Rupe BD 191 149 Moramope BD 193 150 1 5 1 Bioco CD 476 152 ope BD 2OO 153 Biala cD 480 154 Toaca CD 490 155 Bialauchi CD 490 156 Co CD 5OO 157 158 159 Nale CD 510 160 Apu AD 102 1 6 1 24 APOC VECTOR ELIMINATION PROJECT, BIOKO EQUATORIAL GUINEA RIVER TREATMENT MONTH: Legend. dosage (l/Abate 200EC), NF = no flow; NA = not accessible; NV = not visited River Section Application Point No. Treatment information Date Date Date Date Date 162 163 Bosao BD 210 164 165 Bota BD 212 166 Bolaopi BD 220 167 168 169 Bueljeba BD 221 170 Abaa cD 521 1 7 1 Lopesa AD 118 172 173 Nale AD 119 174 Lue AD 116 175 176 Tiburones AD 111 177 178 179 Urabela/Sacriba AD 115 180 AD 115 181 182 25 APOG VECTOR ELIMINATION PROJECT, BIOKO EQUATORIAL GUINEA RIVER TREATMENT MONTH: Legend: dosage (l/Abate 200EC), NF = no flow; NA = not accessrble; NV = not visrted River Section Applicatio n Point No. Treatment information Date Date Date Date Date Dibelo AD 114 183 184 Mirupuru CD 530 185 186 187 188 Mopobill CD ilO 189 Mopobill cD 541 190 Copeta cD 542 1 o 1 Balabari CD 543 192 193 Balabari CD 544 194 Bosecabosechi BD 230 195 196 197 Sampaca BD 231 198 Sampaca/Bioco BD 232 199 200 Sampaca/Bioco BD 232 201 Bolola BD 233 202 203 204 26 IAPOC VECTOR ELIMINATION PROJECT, BIOKO EQUATORIAL GUINEA RIVER TREATMENT MONTH: Legend: dosage (l/Abate 200EC), NF = no flow; NA = not accessible; NV = not visited River Section Application Point No. Treatment information Date Date Date Date Date 205 Timbabe AD 121 206 207 Timbabe AD 122 208 Timbabe AD 123 209 Biolo AD 129 210 211 212 213 27 I@5 c 6l(i, EYI t(, I t I i I !c e t{ c.,b to ea o o dt ur o '52 C'6q, G sq r! o st E J I I i I B o o lr T\t o e .dq a o !,ot, an (, -- t oJ - o 6 z F9 o .'\ I F. ''84* 5 ES iEs ?6o z 5 8 @:o d.o a eo f o oN