European status report on alcohol and health 2014: availability of alcohol

European status report on alcohol and health 2014 Availability of alcohol 1 Availability of alcohol Background The physical availability of alcoholic beverages refers to the ease or convenience of obtaining alcohol for drinking purposes. Regulations on physical availability include the monopolization or licensing of on- or off-premise retail sales of alcoholic beverages as well as general or special limits on opening times for retail alcohol sales. Physical availability also includes regulations covering the location of alcohol retail sale outlets, special on- or off- premise sales practices (such as over-the-counter or self-service sales), and rules on the maximum size or number of drinks to be served to customers at one time. These regulations can also dictate who is allowed to purchase alcoholic beverages in licensed premises or off- premises. Usually these regulations concern the legal age limits for selling, buying, possessing or drinking alcoholic beverages and refusing the sale of alcoholic beverages to intoxicated persons.1 Regulating the availability of alcoholic beverages, including through a minimum legal purchase age, restrictions on outlet density and on time of sale and, where appropriate, governmental monopoly of retail sales, is one of the three best buy interventions recommended by WHO to reduce harmful drinking and thus the burden of noncommunicable diseases.2 Methods This chapter presents the results from the WHO survey on alcohol and health, carried out from February to December 2012. Unless otherwise noted, the responses reflect the policy situation in each Member State as at 31 December 2011. The survey was sent to the WHO national focal points for alcohol policy in each Member State, to be completed in consultation with various national experts. All 53 Member States of the WHO European Region participated in the survey. Strategies In the European action plan to reduce the harmful use of alcohol 2012–2020, there are several policy options to manage the availability of alcohol.3 These include:  introducing or maintaining licensing systems for alcohol sales; 1 Alcohol in the European Union. Consumption, harm and policy approaches. Copenhagen, WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2012. 2 From burden to “best buys”: reducing the economic impact of noncommunicable diseases in low- and middle- income countries. Geneva, World Economic Forum, 2011. 3 European action plan to reduce the harmful use of alcohol 2012–2020. Copenhagen, WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2012. 2  closely involving licensing authorities in designing and, where appropriate, implementing measures aimed at reducing alcohol-related incidents of violence, crime, public disturbance and harm to health;  maintaining government monopolies for the retail sale of alcohol;  regulating the density of alcohol outlets and controlling the sales hours;  avoiding extending the days and hours of alcohol sales;  increasing the minimum purchase age to 18 years for all alcoholic beverage products in both off-trade and on-trade establishments; and  enforcing the minimum purchase ages for alcohol by, for example, using young test buyers. Results In some of the Nordic countries there are government-controlled monopoly arrangements for the retail sale of alcoholic beverages. In Finland and Norway these are for beverages above 4.7% alcohol by volume and in Sweden for beverages stronger than 3.5%. In most Member States, the retail sale and the production of alcohol is controlled by means of a licensing system (Table 1). Table 1. Number of Member States with licensing for alcohol production and retailing (n=53) CONTROLS BEER WINE SPIRITS Licensing for production 37 38 42 Licensing for retail sales 36 36 37 All Member States have a legal age limit for on- and off-premise sales of alcoholic beverages. On-premise sales means sales in, for example, a café, pub, bar or restaurant, while off-premise sales means sales to be taken away from, for example, a shop or supermarket. The minimum age ranges from 16 to 20 years, with 18 years the most usual. Iceland and Uzbekistan have a minimum age of 20 years for on- and off-premise sales of all alcoholic beverages (Table 2 and Figs. 1, 2). Box 1 gives information on Switzerland’s experience with using test purchasing as a method for monitoring and fostering compliance with age limits. Thirty-six Member States (68%) reported restrictions on on-premise sales of alcohol to intoxicated persons. The majority of Member States also restrict on- and off-premise sales at specific events. Between 43% and 57% of the Member States reported restrictions on locations of sales, depending on beverage type. Approximately one third of the Member States reported restrictions on hours of sale, and very few Member States reported restrictions on days of sale or on density of outlets (Table 3). Information specific to Member States about restrictions on on- and off-premise alcohol sales is presented in Table 1.1 in Annex 1. 3 Table 2. Minimum age limits for on- and off-premise sales for beer, wine and spirits MEMBER STATES ON-PREMISE SALES (SERVING) OFF-PREMISE SALES (SELLING) BEER WINE SPIRITS BEER WINE SPIRITS Albania 18 18 18 18 18 18 Andorra 18 18 18 18 18 18 Armenia 18 18 18 18 18 18 Austria a 16 16 16/18 16 16 16/18 Azerbaijan 18 18 18 18 18 18 Belarus 18 18 18 18 18 18 Belgium 16 16 18 16 16 18 Bosnia and Herzegovina 18 18 18 18 18 18 Bulgaria 18 18 18 18 18 18 Croatia 18 18 18 18 18 18 Cyprus 17 17 17 17 17 17 Czech Republic 18 18 18 18 18 18 Denmark 18 18 18 16 16 18 b Estonia 18 18 18 18 18 18 Finland 18 18 18 18 18 20 France 18 18 18 18 18 18 Georgia 18 18 18 18 18 18 Germany 16 16 18 16 16 18 Greece 18 18 18 18 18 18 Hungary 18 18 18 18 18 18 Iceland 20 20 20 20 20 20 Ireland 18 18 18 18 18 18 Israel 18 18 18 18 18 18 Italy c 18 18 18 18 18 18 Kazakhstan 18 18 18 18 18 18 Kyrgyzstan 18 18 18 18 18 18 Latvia 18 18 18 18 18 18 Lithuania 18 18 18 18 18 18 Luxembourg 16 16 16 16 16 16 Malta 17 17 17 17 17 17 Monaco 18 18 18 18 18 18 Montenegro 18 18 18 18 18 18 Netherlands 16 16 18 16 16 18 Norway 18 18 20 18 18 20 Poland 18 18 18 18 18 18 Portugal 16 16 18 d 16 16 18 d 4 MEMBER STATES ON-PREMISE SALES (SERVING) OFF-PREMISE SALES (SELLING) BEER WINE SPIRITS BEER WINE SPIRITS Republic of Moldova 18 18 18 18 18 18 Romania 18 18 18 18 18 18 Russian Federation 18 18 18 18 18 18 San Marino 16 16 16 16 16 16 Serbia 18 18 18 18 18 18 Slovakia 18 18 18 18 18 18 Slovenia 18 18 18 18 18 18 Spain e 16 16 16 16 16 16 Sweden f 18 18 18 18 20 20 Switzerland g 16 16 18 16 16 18 Tajikistan 18 18 18 18 18 18 The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 18 18 18 18 18 18 Turkey 18 18 18 18 18 18 Turkmenistan 18 18 18 18 18 18 Ukraine 18 18 18 18 18 18 United Kingdom h 18 18 18 18 18 18 Uzbekistan 20 20 20 20 20 20 a Three out of nine states have 16 for all alcoholic beverages; six of nine states have 16 years for beer and wine and 18 years for spirits and spirits-based mixed drinks. b 16 years if <16.5% alcohol by volume. c On 8 November 2012, the minimum legal age for selling alcohol was raised to 18 years. The law is applicable equally to on- and off-premise selling (Resolution No. 18512 of 4 February 2013). d Effective as of 2013 (Decree-Law No. 50 of 16 April 2013). e In 15 out 17 autonomous communities (regions), the age limit is 16 years. f In Sweden, beer with alcohol content below 3.5% may be sold off-premise to those aged 18 years and older. Stronger beer may only be sold to those aged 20 years and older. g In one canton (Ticino), the legal age limit is 18 years for all alcoholic beverages. h In the United Kingdom (Scotland), the legal limit is 18 years except for beer, cider, wine and perry, which can be served to 16– 17-year-olds who are consuming a meal. In England, 18 years is the age limit for buying alcohol in any setting; 16- and 17- year-olds can drink beer, cider or wine with a meal at a table in a bar or restaurant if they are accompanied by a person aged 18 years or over. 5 Fig. 1. Minimum age limit for on-premise sale of beer, wine and spirits, by number of Member States (n=53) Fig. 2. Minimum age limits for off-premise sale of beer, wine and spirits, by number of Member States (n=53) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 16 years 17 years 18 years 20 years N u m b er o f M em b er S ta te s Beer Wine Spirits 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 16 years 17 years 18 years 20 years N u m b er o f M em b er S ta te s Beer Wine Spirits 6 Box 1. Mystery shopping/test purchasing in Switzerland Mystery shopping or test purchasing is a method used to check whether sellers or servers of alcoholic beverages comply with legal age limits. Young people actually or seemingly below the minimum age attempt to buy alcoholic beverages and report whether or not proof of age was requested. In 2008, the Federal Office of Public Health and the Swiss Alcohol Board developed a guide on mystery shopping for alcohol to foster the standardization of practices and data, and to ensure that the procedure is legal and ethical. The guide is targeted at cantons, communes, nongovernmental organizations and companies and provides them with checklists, templates of agreements and model letters to participants and parents. Cantons, cities/municipalities or companies generally mandate local nongovernmental organizations to hire and train adolescents (usually between the ages of 14 and 17 years) to visit supermarkets, restaurants, service station shops and so on and try to buy alcoholic beverages. This method has been applied and evaluated in Switzerland for over 10 years. Test purchases were started in one canton in 2000. In 2011, test purchasing was regularly carried out in 25 out of the 26 cantons. The annual number of test purchases rose from 85 in 2000 to 5518 in 2011 and the percentage of successful purchases dropped from 83.5% to 30.4%, respectively. In 2000, only 3.5% of the mystery shoppers were asked to show their ID, whereas in 2010, almost 80% were asked their age or had to identify themselves. Source: Ms Monika Rüegg, Federal Office of Public Health, Public Health Directorate, Switzerland. Table 3. Number of Member States with restrictions on on- and off-premise alcohol sales (n=53) RESTRICTIONS ON-PREMISE SALES OFF-PREMISE SALES BEER WINE SPIRITS BEER WINE SPIRITS Restrictions on hours a 19 20 21 19 20 21 Restrictions on days 6 6 6 9 10 10 Restrictions on locations 29 29 31 24 25 26 Restrictions on density 7 7 7 8 9 9 Restrictions on sales at specific events 34 36 36 30 31 32 Restrictions on sales to intoxicated persons 36 36 36 N/A N/A N/A Restrictions on sales at petrol stations a,b N/A N/A N/A 16 18 19 a Reflects 2013 changes in legislation in Turkey. b Reflects 2013 changes in legislation in Portugal. Restrictions on alcohol consumption in public places varied widely among Member States. Twenty-five Member States (47%) reported a total ban on alcohol consumption in health care establishments, 26 (49%) in educational buildings and 19 (36%) in workplaces, while five to seven Member States reported no restrictions at all in these venues. A partial statutory restriction was the most common regulation reported for sporting events, leisure events (such as concerts), in parks and streets and on public transport. A partial statutory 7 restriction means that certain alcoholic beverages are forbidden or some offices/buildings/ places are made alcohol-free (Table 4). Fifteen Member States reported that a voluntary restriction/self-regulation is in place for workplaces. A voluntary agreement/self-regulation means that local governments and municipalities have their own regulations or that the alcoholic beverage industry follows its internal voluntary rules. Information specific to Member States about restrictions on alcohol consumption in public places is presented in Table 1.2 in Annex 1. Table 4. Number of Member States with restrictions on alcohol consumption in public places (n=53) PUBLIC VENUES BAN PARTIAL STATUTORY RESTRICTION VOLUNTARY/SELF- REGULATED NO RESTRICTION Health care establishments 25 11 10 7 Educational buildings 26 15 7 5 Government offices 22 12 10 9 Workplaces 19 13 15 6 Public transport 17 18 8 10 Sporting events 15 20 11 7 Parks, streets, etc. 14 20 9 10 Places of religious worship 12 6 16 19 Leisure events 6 20 14 13 Conclusion The European action plan to reduce the harmful use of alcohol 2012–20203 proposes a portfolio of policy options and strategies to reduce the availability of alcohol. These options for action include strengthening existing laws and regulations to reduce the density and opening hours of alcohol sales outlets, introducing or maintaining licensing systems for alcohol sales and, where they exist, maintaining government retail monopolies. In the 2012 WHO survey on alcohol and health, approximately one third of the Member States reported restrictions on hours of sale, and 6 to 10 Member States reported restrictions on days of sale and on density of outlets (Table 3). A few Member States have government-controlled monopoly arrangements for the retail sale of alcoholic beverages and between 36 and 42 Member States have implemented licensing for production and retail sales, depending on beverage type (Table 1). Another option for action is to increase the minimum purchase age for alcohol to 18 years for all beverage products in both off-trade and on-trade establishments and to increase the enforcement of bans on selling alcohol to people under the legal age and to intoxicated persons through education and legislation. Most Member States have an age limit of 18 years or above for on- and off-premise sales; however, between 4 and 10 Member States 8 have a minimum purchase age of 16 years, depending on beverage type (Table 2). Thirty-six Member States reported restrictions on on-premise sales of alcohol to intoxicated persons. Another way to reduce harm is to impose bans on the use of alcohol in particular locations (such as parks, streets, hospitals and workplaces) and circumstances (such as during football matches). Between 19 and 26 Member States reported a ban on alcohol consumption in health care establishments, educational buildings and workplaces (Table 4). 9 ANNEX 1 Table 1.1. Restrictions on on- and off-premise alcohol sales by Member State MEMBER STATE/ RESTRICTION ON-PREMISE SALES OFF-PREMISE SALES BEER WINE SPIRITS BEER WINE SPIRITS ALBANIA Restrictions on days No No No No No No Restrictions on locations No No No No No No Restrictions on density No No No No No No Restrictions on sales at specific events No No No No No No Restrictions on sales to intoxicated persons No No No N/A N/A N/A Restrictions on sales at petrol stations N/A N/A N/A No No No ANDORRA Restrictions on days No No No No No No Restrictions on locations Yes Yes Yes No No No Restrictions on density No No No No No No Restrictions on sales at specific events No No No No No No Restrictions on sales to intoxicated persons Yes Yes Yes N/A N/A N/A Restrictions on sales at petrol stations N/A N/A N/A No No No ARMENIA Restrictions on days No No No No No No Restrictions on locations No No No No No No Restrictions on density No No No No No No Restrictions on sales at specific events No No No Yes Yes Yes Restrictions on sales to intoxicated persons No No No N/A N/A N/A Restrictions on sales at petrol stations N/A N/A N/A No No No AUSTRIA Restrictions on days Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Restrictions on locations Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 10 MEMBER STATE/ RESTRICTION ON-PREMISE SALES OFF-PREMISE SALES BEER WINE SPIRITS BEER WINE SPIRITS AUSTRIA Restrictions on density No No No No No No Restrictions on sales at specific events No No No No No No Restrictions on sales to intoxicated persons Yes Yes Yes N/A N/A N/A Restrictions on sales at petrol stations N/A N/A N/A No No No AZERBAIJAN Restrictions on days No No No No No No Restrictions on locations No No No No No No Restrictions on density No No No No No No Restrictions on sales at specific events No No No No No No Restrictions on sales to intoxicated persons No No No N/A N/A N/A Restrictions on sales at petrol stations N/A N/A N/A No No No BELARUS Restrictions on days No No No Yes Yes Yes Restrictions on locations Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Restrictions on density No No No No No No Restrictions on sales at specific events Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Restrictions on sales to intoxicated persons No No No N/A N/A N/A Restrictions on sales at petrol stations N/A N/A N/A No No No BELGIUM Restrictions on days No No No No No No Restrictions on locations No No No No No No Restrictions on density No No No No No No Restrictions on sales at specific events Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Restrictions on sales to intoxicated persons Yes Yes Yes N/A N/A N/A 11 MEMBER STATE/ RESTRICTION ON-PREMISE SALES OFF-PREMISE SALES BEER WINE SPIRITS BEER WINE SPIRITS BELGIUM Restrictions on sales at petrol stations N/A N/A N/A No Yes Yes BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA Restrictions on days No No No No No No Restrictions on locations Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Restrictions on density No No No No No No Restrictions on sales at specific events Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Restrictions on sales to intoxicated persons Yes Yes Yes N/A N/A N/A Restrictions on sales at petrol stations N/A N/A N/A No No No BULGARIA Restrictions on days Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Restrictions on locations Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Restrictions on density No No No No No No Restrictions on sales at specific events Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Restrictions on sales to intoxicated persons Yes Yes Yes N/A N/A N/A Restrictions on sales at petrol stations N/A N/A N/A No No No CROATIA Restrictions on days No No No No No No Restrictions on locations Yes Yes Yes No No No Restrictions on density No No No No No No Restrictions on sales at specific events Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Restrictions on sales to intoxicated persons Yes Yes Yes N/A N/A N/A Restrictions on sales at petrol stations N/A N/A N/A No No No CYPRUS Restrictions on days Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Restrictions on locations Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Restrictions on density Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 12 MEMBER STATE/ RESTRICTION ON-PREMISE SALES OFF-PREMISE SALES BEER WINE SPIRITS BEER WINE SPIRITS CYPRUS Restrictions on sales at specific events Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Restrictions on sales to intoxicated persons Yes Yes Yes N/A N/A N/A Restrictions on sales at petrol stations N/A N/A N/A Yes Yes Yes CZECH REPUBLIC Restrictions on days No No No No No No Restrictions on locations Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Restrictions on density No No No No No No Restrictions on sales at specific events No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Restrictions on sales to intoxicated persons Yes Yes Yes N/A N/A N/A Restrictions on sales at petrol stations N/A N/A N/A No No No DENMARK Restrictions on days No No No Yes Yes Yes Restrictions on locations No No No No No No Restrictions on density No No No No No No Restrictions on sales at specific events No No No No No No Restrictions on sales to intoxicated persons Yes Yes Yes N/A N/A N/A Restrictions on sales at petrol stations N/A N/A N/A No No No ESTONIA Restrictions on days No No No No No No Restrictions on locations Yes Yes Yes No No No Restrictions on density No No No No No No Restrictions on sales at specific events No No No No No No Restrictions on sales to intoxicated persons Yes Yes Yes N/A N/A N/A Restrictions on sales at petrol stations N/A N/A N/A No No No 13 MEMBER STATE/ RESTRICTION ON-PREMISE SALES OFF-PREMISE SALES BEER WINE SPIRITS BEER WINE SPIRITS FINLAND Restrictions on days No No No No Yes Yes Restrictions on locations Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Restrictions on density No No No No Yes Yes Restrictions on sales at specific events Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Restrictions on sales to intoxicated persons Yes Yes Yes N/A N/A N/A Restrictions on sales at petrol stations N/A N/A N/A No Yes Yes FRANCE Restrictions on days No No No No No No Restrictions on locations Yes Yes Yes No No No Restrictions on density Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Restrictions on sales at specific events Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Restrictions on sales to intoxicated persons Yes Yes Yes N/A N/A N/A Restrictions on sales at petrol stations N/A N/A N/A Yes Yes Yes GEORGIA Restrictions on days No No No No No No Restrictions on locations No No No No No No Restrictions on density No No No No No No Restrictions on sales at specific events No No No No No No Restrictions on sales to intoxicated persons No No No N/A N/A N/A Restrictions on sales at petrol stations N/A N/A N/A No No No GERMANY Restrictions on days No No No No No No Restrictions on locations No No No No No No Restrictions on density No No No No No No Restrictions on sales at specific events No No No No No No 14 MEMBER STATE/ RESTRICTION ON-PREMISE SALES OFF-PREMISE SALES BEER WINE SPIRITS BEER WINE SPIRITS GERMANY Restrictions on sales to intoxicated persons Yes Yes Yes N/A N/A N/A Restrictions on sales at petrol stations N/A N/A N/A No No No GREECE Restrictions on days No No No No No No Restrictions on locations No No No No No No Restrictions on density No No No No No No Restrictions on sales at specific events Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Restrictions on sales to intoxicated persons No No No N/A N/A N/A Restrictions on sales at petrol stations N/A N/A N/A No No No HUNGARY Restrictions on days No No No No No No Restrictions on locations Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Restrictions on density No No No No No No Restrictions on sales at specific events Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Restrictions on sales to intoxicated persons Yes Yes Yes N/A N/A N/A Restrictions on sales at petrol stations N/A N/A N/A No No No ICELAND Restrictions on days Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Restrictions on locations No No No No No No Restrictions on density No No No No No No Restrictions on sales at specific events Yes Yes Yes No No No Restrictions on sales to intoxicated persons Yes Yes Yes N/A N/A N/A Restrictions on sales at petrol stations N/A N/A N/A Yes Yes Yes IRELAND Restrictions on days Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Restrictions on locations Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 15 MEMBER STATE/ RESTRICTION ON-PREMISE SALES OFF-PREMISE SALES BEER WINE SPIRITS BEER WINE SPIRITS IRELAND Restrictions on density Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Restrictions on sales at specific events Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Restrictions on sales to intoxicated persons Yes Yes Yes N/A N/A N/A Restrictions on sales at petrol stations N/A N/A N/A Yes Yes Yes ISRAEL Restrictions on days No No No No No No Restrictions on locations Yes Yes Yes No No No Restrictions on density No No No No No No Restrictions on sales at specific events No No No No No No Restrictions on sales to intoxicated persons No No No N/A N/A N/A Restrictions on sales at petrol stations N/A N/A N/A No No No ITALY Restrictions on days No No No No No No Restrictions on locations Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Restrictions on density Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Restrictions on sales at specific events Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Restrictions on sales to intoxicated persons Yes Yes Yes N/A N/A N/A Restrictions on sales at petrol stations N/A N/A N/A Yes Yes Yes KAZAKHSTAN Restrictions on days No No No No No No Restrictions on locations No No No No No No Restrictions on density No No No No No No Restrictions on sales at specific events No No No No No No Restrictions on sales to intoxicated persons No No No N/A N/A N/A 16 MEMBER STATE/ RESTRICTION ON-PREMISE SALES OFF-PREMISE SALES BEER WINE SPIRITS BEER WINE SPIRITS KAZAKHSTAN Restrictions on sales at petrol stations N/A N/A N/A No No No KYRGYZSTAN Restrictions on days No No No No No No Restrictions on locations Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Restrictions on density No No No No No No Restrictions on sales at specific events Yes Yes Yes No No No Restrictions on sales to intoxicated persons No No No N/A N/A N/A Restrictions on sales at petrol stations N/A N/A N/A No No No LATVIA Restrictions on days No No No No No No Restrictions on locations Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Restrictions on density No No No No No No Restrictions on sales at specific events Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Restrictions on sales to intoxicated persons No No No N/A N/A N/A Restrictions on sales at petrol stations N/A N/A N/A No No No LITHUANIA Restrictions on days No No No No No No Restrictions on locations No No No Yes Yes Yes Restrictions on density No No No No No No Restrictions on sales at specific events Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Restrictions on sales to intoxicated persons Yes Yes Yes N/A N/A N/A Restrictions on sales at petrol stations N/A N/A N/A Yes Yes Yes LUXEMBOURG Restrictions on days No No No No No No Restrictions on locations No No No No No No Restrictions on density Yes Yes Yes No No No 17 MEMBER STATE/ RESTRICTION ON-PREMISE SALES OFF-PREMISE SALES BEER WINE SPIRITS BEER WINE SPIRITS LUXEMBOURG Restrictions on sales at specific events No No No No No No Restrictions on sales to intoxicated persons Yes Yes Yes N/A N/A N/A Restrictions on sales at petrol stations N/A N/A N/A No No No MALTA Restrictions on days No No No No No No Restrictions on locations Yes Yes Yes No No No Restrictions on density No No No No No No Restrictions on sales at specific events Yes Yes Yes No No No Restrictions on sales to intoxicated persons Yes Yes Yes N/A N/A N/A Restrictions on sales at petrol stations N/A N/A N/A Yes Yes Yes MONACO Restrictions on days No No No No No No Restrictions on locations No No No No No No Restrictions on density No No No No No No Restrictions on sales at specific events Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Restrictions on sales to intoxicated persons Yes Yes Yes N/A N/A N/A Restrictions on sales at petrol stations N/A N/A N/A Yes Yes Yes MONTENEGRO Restrictions on days No No No No No No Restrictions on locations No No No No No No Restrictions on density No No No No No No Restrictions on sales at specific events No No No No No No Restrictions on sales to intoxicated persons No No No N/A N/A N/A Restrictions on sales at petrol stations N/A N/A N/A No No No 18 MEMBER STATE/ RESTRICTION ON-PREMISE SALES OFF-PREMISE SALES BEER WINE SPIRITS BEER WINE SPIRITS NETHERLANDS Restrictions on days No No No No No No Restrictions on locations No No No No No No Restrictions on density No No No No No No Restrictions on sales at specific events Yes Yes Yes No No No Restrictions on sales to intoxicated persons Yes Yes Yes N/A N/A N/A Restrictions on sales at petrol stations N/A N/A N/A Yes Yes Yes NORWAY Restrictions on days Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Restrictions on locations No No No No No No Restrictions on density No No No No No No Restrictions on sales at specific events No No No No No No Restrictions on sales to intoxicated persons Yes Yes Yes N/A N/A N/A Restrictions on sales at petrol stations N/A N/A N/A Yes Yes Yes POLAND Restrictions on days No No No No No No Restrictions on locations Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Restrictions on density No No No No No No Restrictions on sales at specific events Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Restrictions on sales to intoxicated persons Yes Yes Yes N/A N/A N/A Restrictions on sales at petrol stations N/A N/A N/A No No No PORTUGAL Restrictions on days No No No No No No Restrictions on locations Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Restrictions on density No No No No No No Restrictions on sales at specific events Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 19 MEMBER STATE/ RESTRICTION ON-PREMISE SALES OFF-PREMISE SALES BEER WINE SPIRITS BEER WINE SPIRITS PORTUGAL Restrictions on sales to intoxicated persons Yes Yes Yes N/A N/A N/A Restrictions on sales at petrol stations N/A N/A N/A Yes Yes Yes REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA Restrictions on days No No No No No No Restrictions on locations No No Yes No Yes Yes Restrictions on density No No No No No No Restrictions on sales at specific events Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Restrictions on sales to intoxicated persons Yes Yes Yes N/A N/A N/A Restrictions on sales at petrol stations N/A N/A N/A No No No ROMANIA Restrictions on days No No No No No No Restrictions on locations No No No Yes Yes Yes Restrictions on density No No No No No No Restrictions on sales at specific events Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Restrictions on sales to intoxicated persons Yes Yes Yes N/A N/A N/A Restrictions on sales at petrol stations N/A N/A N/A No No No RUSSIAN FEDERATION Restrictions on days No No No No No No Restrictions on locations No No No Yes Yes Yes Restrictions on density No No No No No No Restrictions on sales at specific events Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Restrictions on sales to intoxicated persons No No No N/A N/A N/A Restrictions on sales at petrol stations N/A N/A N/A No No No SAN MARINO Restrictions on days No No No No No No 20 MEMBER STATE/ RESTRICTION ON-PREMISE SALES OFF-PREMISE SALES BEER WINE SPIRITS BEER WINE SPIRITS SAN MARINO Restrictions on locations No No No No No No Restrictions on density No No No No No No Restrictions on sales at specific events Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Restrictions on sales to intoxicated persons Yes Yes Yes N/A N/A N/A Restrictions on sales at petrol stations N/A N/A N/A No No No SERBIA Restrictions on days No No No No No No Restrictions on locations Yes Yes Yes No No No Restrictions on density No No No No No No Restrictions on sales at specific events No No No No No No Restrictions on sales to intoxicated persons Yes Yes Yes N/A N/A N/A Restrictions on sales at petrol stations N/A N/A N/A No No No SLOVAKIA Restrictions on days No No No No No No Restrictions on locations Yes Yes Yes No No No Restrictions on density No No No No No No Restrictions on sales at specific events No No No No No Yes Restrictions on sales to intoxicated persons Yes Yes Yes N/A N/A N/A Restrictions on sales at petrol stations N/A N/A N/A No No No SLOVENIA Restrictions on days No No No No No No Restrictions on locations No No No No No No Restrictions on density No No No No No No Restrictions on sales at specific events Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Restrictions on sales to intoxicated persons Yes Yes Yes N/A N/A N/A 21 MEMBER STATE/ RESTRICTION ON-PREMISE SALES OFF-PREMISE SALES BEER WINE SPIRITS BEER WINE SPIRITS SLOVENIA Restrictions on sales at petrol stations N/A N/A N/A No No No SPAIN Restrictions on days No No No No No No Restrictions on locations No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Restrictions on density No No No No No No Restrictions on sales at specific events Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Restrictions on sales to intoxicated persons No No No N/A N/A N/A Restrictions on sales at petrol stations N/A N/A N/A No No Yes SWEDEN Restrictions on days No No No Yes Yes Yes Restrictions on locations Yes Yes Yes No No No Restrictions on density No No No Yes Yes Yes Restrictions on sales at specific events Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Restrictions on sales to intoxicated persons Yes Yes Yes N/A N/A N/A Restrictions on sales at petrol stations N/A N/A N/A Yes Yes Yes SWITZERLAND Restrictions on days No No No No No No Restrictions on locations No No No No No Yes Restrictions on density No No No No No No Restrictions on sales at specific events No No No No No No Restrictions on sales to intoxicated persons No No No N/A N/A N/A Restrictions on sales at petrol stations N/A N/A N/A No No No TAJIKISTAN Restrictions on days No No No No No No Restrictions on locations Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Restrictions on density No No No No No No 22 MEMBER STATE/ RESTRICTION ON-PREMISE SALES OFF-PREMISE SALES BEER WINE SPIRITS BEER WINE SPIRITS TAJIKISTAN Restrictions on sales at specific events Yes Yes Yes No No No Restrictions on sales to intoxicated persons No No No N/A N/A N/A Restrictions on sales at petrol stations N/A N/A N/A No No No THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA Restrictions on days No No No No No No Restrictions on locations Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Restrictions on density No No No No No No Restrictions on sales at specific events Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Restrictions on sales to intoxicated persons Yes Yes Yes N/A N/A N/A Restrictions on sales at petrol stations N/A N/A N/A Yes Yes Yes TURKEY Restrictions on days No No No No No No Restrictions on locations Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Restrictions on density No No No No No No Restrictions on sales at specific events Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Restrictions on sales to intoxicated persons No No No N/A N/A N/A Restrictions on sales at petrol stations N/A N/A N/A Yes Yes Yes TURKMENISTAN Restrictions on days No No No No No No Restrictions on locations Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Restrictions on density Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Restrictions on sales at specific events Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Restrictions on sales to intoxicated persons Yes Yes Yes N/A N/A N/A Restrictions on sales at petrol stations N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 23 MEMBER STATE/ RESTRICTION ON-PREMISE SALES OFF-PREMISE SALES BEER WINE SPIRITS BEER WINE SPIRITS UKRAINE Restrictions on days No No No No No No Restrictions on locations Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Restrictions on density No No No No No No Restrictions on sales at specific events No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Restrictions on sales to intoxicated persons No No No N/A N/A N/A Restrictions on sales at petrol stations N/A N/A N/A No No No UNITED KINGDOM Restrictions on days No No No No No No Restrictions on locations No No No No No No Restrictions on density No No No Yes Yes Yes Restrictions on sales at specific events Yes Yes Yes No No No Restrictions on sales to intoxicated persons Yes Yes Yes N/A N/A N/A Restrictions on sales at petrol stations N/A N/A N/A Yes Yes Yes UZBEKISTAN Restrictions on days No No No No No No Restrictions on locations Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Restrictions on density Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Restrictions on sales at specific events Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Restrictions on sales to intoxicated persons Yes Yes Yes N/A N/A N/A Restrictions on sales at petrol stations N/A N/A N/A Yes Yes Yes Table 1.2. Restriction on alcohol consumption in public places by Member State MEMBER STATE/PUBLIC VENUES RESTRICTION ALBANIA Health care establishments Voluntary/self-regulated Educational buildings Voluntary/self-regulated 24 MEMBER STATE/PUBLIC VENUES RESTRICTION ALBANIA Workplaces No restriction Government offices No restriction Public transport No restriction Parks, streets, etc. No restriction Sporting events No restriction Places of religious worship No restriction Leisure events No restriction ANDORRA Health care establishments Ban Educational buildings Partial statutory restriction Workplaces Partial statutory restriction Government offices No restriction Public transport No restriction Parks, streets, etc. Partial statutory restriction Sporting events No restriction Places of religious worship No restriction Leisure events Partial statutory restriction ARMENIA Health care establishments Ban Educational buildings Ban Workplaces Partial statutory restriction Government offices Partial statutory restriction Public transport Partial statutory restriction Parks, streets, etc. Partial statutory restriction Sporting events Partial statutory restriction Places of religious worship No restriction Leisure events Partial statutory restriction AUSTRIA Health care establishments Voluntary/self-regulated Educational buildings Voluntary/self-regulated Workplaces Voluntary/self-regulated Government offices Voluntary/self-regulated 25 MEMBER STATE/PUBLIC VENUES RESTRICTION AUSTRIA Public transport Voluntary/self-regulated Parks, streets, etc. Voluntary/self-regulated Sporting events Voluntary/self-regulated Places of religious worship No restriction Leisure events Voluntary/self-regulated AZERBAIJAN Health care establishments Partial statutory restriction Educational buildings Partial statutory restriction Workplaces Partial statutory restriction Government offices Partial statutory restriction Public transport Partial statutory restriction Parks, streets, etc. Partial statutory restriction Sporting events Partial statutory restriction Places of religious worship Partial statutory restriction Leisure events Partial statutory restriction BELARUS Health care establishments Ban Educational buildings Ban Workplaces Ban Government offices Ban Public transport Ban Parks, streets, etc. Ban Sporting events Ban Places of religious worship Ban Leisure events Ban BELGIUM Health care establishments Partial statutory restriction Educational buildings Partial statutory restriction Workplaces Voluntary/self-regulated Government offices Voluntary/self-regulated Public transport Voluntary/self-regulated Parks, streets, etc. Voluntary/self-regulated 26 MEMBER STATE/PUBLIC VENUES RESTRICTION BELGIUM Sporting events Voluntary/self-regulated Places of religious worship Voluntary/self-regulated Leisure events Voluntary/self-regulated BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA Health care establishments Ban Educational buildings Ban Workplaces Ban Government offices Ban Public transport Ban Parks, streets, etc. Ban Sporting events Ban Places of religious worship Ban Leisure events Partial statutory restriction BULGARIA Health care establishments Voluntary/self-regulated Educational buildings Voluntary/self-regulated Workplaces Voluntary/self-regulated Government offices Voluntary/self-regulated Public transport Voluntary/self-regulated Parks, streets, etc. Voluntary/self-regulated Sporting events Voluntary/self-regulated Places of religious worship Voluntary/self-regulated Leisure events Voluntary/self-regulated CROATIA Health care establishments Ban Educational buildings Ban Workplaces Ban Government offices Partial statutory restriction Public transport Voluntary/self-regulated Parks, streets, etc. Partial statutory restriction Sporting events Ban Places of religious worship Partial statutory restriction 27 MEMBER STATE/PUBLIC VENUES RESTRICTION CROATIA Leisure events Partial statutory restriction CYPRUS Health care establishments Ban Educational buildings Ban Workplaces Partial statutory restriction Government offices Ban Public transport Ban Parks, streets, etc. Partial statutory restriction Sporting events Partial statutory restriction Places of religious worship Ban Leisure events Partial statutory restriction CZECH REPUBLIC Health care establishments Ban Educational buildings Ban Workplaces Ban Government offices Ban Public transport Partial statutory restriction Parks, streets, etc. Partial statutory restriction Sporting events Partial statutory restriction Places of religious worship Voluntary/self-regulated Leisure events Partial statutory restriction DENMARK Health care establishments No restriction Educational buildings Voluntary/self-regulated Workplaces Voluntary/self-regulated Government offices Voluntary/self-regulated Public transport Partial statutory restriction Parks, streets, etc. No restriction Sporting events No restriction Places of religious worship No restriction Leisure events No restriction 28 MEMBER STATE/PUBLIC VENUES RESTRICTION ESTONIA Health care establishments Ban Educational buildings Partial statutory restriction Workplaces No restriction Government offices No restriction Public transport Partial statutory restriction Parks, streets, etc. Ban Sporting events No restriction Places of religious worship No restriction Leisure events No restriction FINLAND Health care establishments Ban Educational buildings Ban Workplaces Ban Government offices Ban Public transport Ban Parks, streets, etc. Partial statutory restriction Sporting events Partial statutory restriction Places of religious worship Ban Leisure events Partial statutory restriction FRANCE Health care establishments Partial statutory restriction Educational buildings Partial statutory restriction Workplaces Partial statutory restriction Government offices Partial statutory restriction Public transport Ban Parks, streets, etc. Partial statutory restriction Sporting events Partial statutory restriction Places of religious worship Partial statutory restriction Leisure events Partial statutory restriction GEORGIA Health care establishments Partial statutory restriction Educational buildings Partial statutory restriction 29 MEMBER STATE/PUBLIC VENUES RESTRICTION GEORGIA Workplaces Partial statutory restriction Government offices Partial statutory restriction Public transport Partial statutory restriction Parks, streets, etc. Partial statutory restriction Sporting events Partial statutory restriction Places of religious worship Partial statutory restriction Leisure events Voluntary/self-regulated GERMANY Health care establishments Voluntary/self-regulated Educational buildings Voluntary/self-regulated Workplaces Voluntary/self-regulated Government offices Voluntary/self-regulated Public transport Voluntary/self-regulated Parks, streets, etc. Voluntary/self-regulated Sporting events Voluntary/self-regulated Places of religious worship No restriction Leisure events Voluntary/self-regulated GREECE Health care establishments No restriction Educational buildings No restriction Workplaces No restriction Government offices No restriction Public transport Ban Parks, streets, etc. No restriction Sporting events Partial statutory restriction Places of religious worship No restriction Leisure events No restriction HUNGARY Health care establishments Ban Educational buildings Ban Workplaces Ban Government offices Ban 30 MEMBER STATE/PUBLIC VENUES RESTRICTION HUNGARY Public transport Partial statutory restriction Parks, streets, etc. No restriction Sporting events Partial statutory restriction Places of religious worship Voluntary/self-regulated Leisure events No restriction ICELAND Health care establishments Voluntary/self-regulated Educational buildings Partial statutory restriction Workplaces Voluntary/self-regulated Government offices Voluntary/self-regulated Public transport Partial statutory restriction Parks, streets, etc. Ban Sporting events Voluntary/self-regulated Places of religious worship Voluntary/self-regulated Leisure events Voluntary/self-regulated IRELAND Health care establishments Voluntary/self-regulated Educational buildings Partial statutory restriction Workplaces Voluntary/self-regulated Government offices Voluntary/self-regulated Public transport Partial statutory restriction Parks, streets, etc. Partial statutory restriction Sporting events Partial statutory restriction Places of religious worship Voluntary/self-regulated Leisure events Partial statutory restriction ISRAEL Health care establishments Voluntary/self-regulated Educational buildings Voluntary/self-regulated Workplaces Voluntary/self-regulated Government offices Voluntary/self-regulated Public transport Voluntary/self-regulated Parks, streets, etc. Ban 31 MEMBER STATE/PUBLIC VENUES RESTRICTION ISRAEL Sporting events Voluntary/self-regulated Places of religious worship Voluntary/self-regulated Leisure events Voluntary/self-regulated ITALY Health care establishments Partial statutory restriction Educational buildings Partial statutory restriction Workplaces Partial statutory restriction Government offices Voluntary/self-regulated Public transport No restriction Parks, streets, etc. Partial statutory restriction Sporting events Partial statutory restriction Places of religious worship No restriction Leisure events Partial statutory restriction KAZAKHSTAN Health care establishments Ban Educational buildings Ban Workplaces Voluntary/self-regulated Government offices Ban Public transport Ban Parks, streets, etc. Ban Sporting events Voluntary/self-regulated Places of religious worship Voluntary/self-regulated Leisure events No restriction KYRGYZSTAN Health care establishments Ban Educational buildings Ban Workplaces Ban Government offices Ban Public transport Ban Parks, streets, etc. Partial statutory restriction Sporting events Ban Places of religious worship Ban 32 MEMBER STATE/PUBLIC VENUES RESTRICTION KYRGYZSTAN Leisure events Partial statutory restriction LATVIA Health care establishments Ban Educational buildings Ban Workplaces Ban Government offices Ban Public transport Voluntary/self-regulated Parks, streets, etc. Voluntary/self-regulated Sporting events Voluntary/self-regulated Places of religious worship Voluntary/self-regulated Leisure events Voluntary/self-regulated LITHUANIA Health care establishments Ban Educational buildings Ban Workplaces Ban Government offices Partial statutory restriction Public transport Partial statutory restriction Parks, streets, etc. Ban Sporting events Partial statutory restriction Places of religious worship No restriction Leisure events Partial statutory restriction LUXEMBOURG Health care establishments Voluntary/self-regulated Educational buildings No restriction Workplaces No restriction Government offices No restriction Public transport No restriction Parks, streets, etc. No restriction Sporting events No restriction Places of religious worship No restriction Leisure events No restriction 33 MEMBER STATE/PUBLIC VENUES RESTRICTION MALTA Health care establishments Ban Educational buildings Partial statutory restriction Workplaces Partial statutory restriction Government offices Partial statutory restriction Public transport Partial statutory restriction Parks, streets, etc. Partial statutory restriction Sporting events Partial statutory restriction Places of religious worship Voluntary/self-regulated Leisure events Partial statutory restriction MONACO Health care establishments No restriction Educational buildings Ban Workplaces Voluntary/self-regulated Government offices Ban Public transport No restriction Parks, streets, etc. No restriction Sporting events Ban Places of religious worship Voluntary/self-regulated Leisure events No restriction MONTENEGRO Health care establishments No restriction Educational buildings No restriction Workplaces No restriction Government offices No restriction Public transport No restriction Parks, streets, etc. No restriction Sporting events No restriction Places of religious worship No restriction Leisure events No restriction NETHERLANDS Health care establishments Partial statutory restriction Educational buildings Partial statutory restriction 34 MEMBER STATE/PUBLIC VENUES RESTRICTION NETHERLANDS Workplaces Voluntary/self-regulated Government offices Partial statutory restriction Public transport Partial statutory restriction Parks, streets, etc. Partial statutory restriction Sporting events Partial statutory restriction Places of religious worship No restriction Leisure events Partial statutory restriction NORWAY Health care establishments Partial statutory restriction Educational buildings Partial statutory restriction Workplaces Partial statutory restriction Government offices Partial statutory restriction Public transport Partial statutory restriction Parks, streets, etc. Partial statutory restriction Sporting events Partial statutory restriction Places of religious worship Partial statutory restriction Leisure events Partial statutory restriction POLAND Health care establishments Voluntary/self-regulated Educational buildings Ban Workplaces Ban Government offices Ban Public transport Partial statutory restriction Parks, streets, etc. Ban Sporting events Partial statutory restriction Places of religious worship Voluntary/self-regulated Leisure events Voluntary/self-regulated PORTUGAL Health care establishments Ban Educational buildings Partial statutory restriction Workplaces Partial statutory restriction Government offices Partial statutory restriction 35 MEMBER STATE/PUBLIC VENUES RESTRICTION PORTUGAL Public transport Partial statutory restriction Parks, streets, etc. Partial statutory restriction Sporting events Partial statutory restriction Places of religious worship Partial statutory restriction Leisure events Partial statutory restriction REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA Health care establishments Ban Educational buildings Ban Workplaces Partial statutory restriction Government offices Ban Public transport Ban Parks, streets, etc. Voluntary/self-regulated Sporting events Ban Places of religious worship Ban Leisure events Partial statutory restriction ROMANIA Health care establishments Ban Educational buildings Ban Workplaces Ban Government offices Ban Public transport Ban Parks, streets, etc. Ban Sporting events Ban Places of religious worship Ban Leisure events Partial statutory restriction RUSSIAN FEDERATION Health care establishments Ban Educational buildings Ban Workplaces Partial statutory restriction Government offices Ban Public transport Ban Parks, streets, etc. Ban 36 MEMBER STATE/PUBLIC VENUES RESTRICTION RUSSIAN FEDERATION Sporting events Ban Places of religious worship Ban Leisure events Ban SAN MARINO Health care establishments No restriction Educational buildings No restriction Workplaces No restriction Government offices No restriction Public transport No restriction Parks, streets, etc. No restriction Sporting events No restriction Places of religious worship No restriction Leisure events No restriction SERBIA Health care establishments Ban Educational buildings Ban Workplaces Ban Government offices Ban Public transport Ban Parks, streets, etc. Ban Sporting events Ban Places of religious worship Ban Leisure events Ban SLOVAKIA Health care establishments Partial statutory restriction Educational buildings Ban Workplaces Ban Government offices Ban Public transport Ban Parks, streets, etc. Partial statutory restriction Sporting events Voluntary/self-regulated Places of religious worship No restriction 37 MEMBER STATE/PUBLIC VENUES RESTRICTION SLOVAKIA Leisure events Voluntary/self-regulated SLOVENIA Health care establishments Ban Educational buildings Ban Workplaces Ban Government offices Ban Public transport No restriction Parks, streets, etc. Voluntary/self-regulated Sporting events Ban Places of religious worship No restriction Leisure events No restriction SPAIN Health care establishments Partial statutory restriction Educational buildings Ban Workplaces Partial statutory restriction Government offices Partial statutory restriction Public transport No restriction Parks, streets, etc. Partial statutory restriction Sporting events Ban Places of religious worship No restriction Leisure events No restriction SWEDEN Health care establishments Voluntary/self-regulated Educational buildings Partial statutory restriction Workplaces Voluntary/self-regulated Government offices Voluntary/self-regulated Public transport Partial statutory restriction Parks, streets, etc. Voluntary/self-regulated Sporting events Voluntary/self-regulated Places of religious worship Voluntary/self-regulated Leisure events Voluntary/self-regulated 38 MEMBER STATE/PUBLIC VENUES RESTRICTION SWITZERLAND Health care establishments No restriction Educational buildings Voluntary/self-regulated Workplaces Voluntary/self-regulated Government offices No restriction Public transport No restriction Parks, streets, etc. No restriction Sporting events Voluntary/self-regulated Places of religious worship Voluntary/self-regulated Leisure events Voluntary/self-regulated TAJIKISTAN Health care establishments Partial statutory restriction Educational buildings Partial statutory restriction Workplaces Voluntary/self-regulated Government offices Partial statutory restriction Public transport Ban Parks, streets, etc. Partial statutory restriction Sporting events Partial statutory restriction Places of religious worship Voluntary/self-regulated Leisure events Voluntary/self-regulated THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA Health care establishments Ban Educational buildings Ban Workplaces Ban Government offices Ban Public transport Voluntary/self-regulated Parks, streets, etc. Voluntary/self-regulated Sporting events Ban Places of religious worship Voluntary/self-regulated Leisure events Ban TURKEY Health care establishments Ban Educational buildings Ban 39 MEMBER STATE/PUBLIC VENUES RESTRICTION TURKEY Workplaces Ban Government offices Ban Public transport Partial statutory restriction Parks, streets, etc. No restriction Sporting events Ban Places of religious worship Ban Leisure events Partial statutory restriction TURKMENISTAN Health care establishments Ban Educational buildings Ban Workplaces Ban Government offices Ban Public transport Ban Parks, streets, etc. Ban Sporting events Ban Places of religious worship Ban Leisure events Ban UKRAINE Health care establishments Partial statutory restriction Educational buildings Ban Workplaces Ban Government offices Ban Public transport Ban Parks, streets, etc. Ban Sporting events Partial statutory restriction Places of religious worship No restriction Leisure events Voluntary/self-regulated UNITED KINGDOM Health care establishments No restriction Educational buildings No restriction Workplaces Voluntary/self-regulated Government offices No restriction 40 MEMBER STATE/PUBLIC VENUES RESTRICTION UNITED KINGDOM Public transport Partial statutory restriction Parks, streets, etc. Partial statutory restriction Sporting events Partial statutory restriction Places of religious worship No restriction Leisure events No restriction UZBEKISTAN Health care establishments Ban Educational buildings Ban Workplaces Ban Government offices Ban Public transport Ban Parks, streets, etc. Ban Sporting events Ban Places of religious worship Ban Leisure events Ban