WA 525 86PL BceMHpH3JI opraHH3ilJIIIJI 3ApaBOOXpaHeHHJI - EuponeiicKoe perH0HaJibHoe 610po ij ~ Koneurareu ~ ~ EP6: OT11eTb1 H HccnenouaHH.R I 02 IlilAHHPOBAHHE H YilPABilEHHE B CEKTOPE 3llPABOOXPAHEHHH l111111 1111 11111 1111111111 11111111111111111111111 .. 00013162 .. Qyqey o couemauHH B03 Bccr,.111p11a.H opra1111nw1J1 311paBooxpai1c1-01J1 - cnew1an11311p0Ba1rnoe }"lpC)K)lCIIIIC Opra11113aw111 O6bCJlllHCIIHblX Haw1i1, 0CH0BHa.H q>}'llKWl.11. K0TOporo C0CTOIIT B peweHllll MC)K)l}'ltap0llHblX npo6J1CM 3JlpaB00XpaHCHIIJI II 0Xpa!lbl 3ll0p0BbJI HaceJlCHIIJI. C n0M0WbJO JTOH OpraH113atUIII, K0I0pa.11. 6brna C03Jlatta B I 948 r ., pa6on111K11 3JlpaBooxpatteHHJI 6onee 150 crpatt 06MCIIIIBa1orcH 3HaHltJIMII II 0liblT0M )lJlJI roro, 'IT06bl cnenarb B03M0)KHbJM )l0CTll )KCJIHC K 2000 r. BCCMJI )KIITCJlJIMH 3CMJIII raKoro yp0BH.11. 3Jl0p0BbJI, K0I0pbtii n03B0JIIIT IIM BCCTII )Kll3Hb, n0JlH0UeHJ-ryJO B C0WlaJlbll0M II 3K0H0· MH'ICCK0M 0TH0WCIUIII . EBponeiiCKOe pent0HaJlbH0C 6iopo BO3 JIBJlJICTCR 0)llfllM 113 UJCCTH peru0HaJlbHblX 6iopo, 113 K0TOpblX Kll)K)l0C np0B0)lHT co6crBCHHYJO npo- rpaMMY' HanpaBJlCIIIIYJO Ha peUJeHHC K0HKpCIHblX npo6neM 3JlpaBooxpa- HCHJIJI 06CJ1~1fBaCMblX HM crpaH. EBponeHCKHH pernoH 0XBaTbJBaer 32 aKntBHblX rocynapcrBa-<uJeHaa H YI-OIKaJlCH B TOM CMblCJ1C, 'ITO 60J1bllia.H 'laCTb IIX npencraBJlJICT co6oii npOMblUJJlCHHblC crpaHbl c BblC0KOpaJBIITblMH MC)lHLUIIICKHMH CJ1~6aMH . no3TOMY nporpaMMa EBponeiicKoro pent0Ha OTJllll(aercJI OT nporpaMM npyntx perHOHOB ICM, 'ITO B HCH rnaBHOe BHH· MaHIIC YJlCJlCHO npo6neMaM, xapaJ<ICpHblM )lJlJI npOMbllilllCHH0 paJBIIT0ro o6wecrna. B cBoeii crparenm nocTH)KCHHJI 3JlOp0BbJI JlJlH Bcex K 2000 r. PentOllaJlbHOe 6iopo 0C}'lUCCTBJlJICT )lCJITCJlbH0CTb no rpeM OCHOBHblM HanpaBJlCHIIJIM: nponara11na CTHJlCH )KIOHll, cnoco6cTBy10WHX coxpattCHHIO II yKpenneHHJO 3Jl0p0Bbff; npenompaweHHe 60J1C3HCH, no)l)lalOIUHXCJI npoq>H· naKrnKe; 11 06ecne'le1111e aneKBarHoii 11 06menocrynttoi1 MCJlHKO-caHHrapttoii IlOM0IUH. JlnH EB poneHCKOro pernoHa xapaKrepHO HaJlH'IHC 60JlbUJOro 'IHCJla Jl3blKOB, Ha KOIOpblX rOB0pHI HaCCJlJIIOIUIIC ero Hap0,[(bJ, II CBll3aHHblMH C 3THM rpyJlHOCTCH B n0Jl}"ICHHH HHq>OpMauHH BCCMH, KIO B HCH 11y)l(JlaercJ1. PernOHaJlbHOC 610po ny61111Kyer CBOH H3)laHHJI Ha 'ICiblpex Jl3b1Kax - aH• rJlllttCK0M, q>paHUY3CKOM, HCMCUKOM II pyCCKOM - II OXOTHO YJlOBJlCIB0pHCT npOcb6bl O pa3peUJCHIIH nepeBO)la JTHX H3)laHHH Ha npyr11e Jl3b!KH. a ABCTpltJI, An6at11tJ1, 6cm,rn.11, 6onrap1tJ1, Be1rrp1tJ1, fcpMattCKa.R IleMOKpaTif'leCKaJI Pccny6nHKa, fpcUH..11, IlalUUI, lhpaHru., Hpna.tUiltJI, Hcna.tlJlH.11, HcnattltJI, Hrarut.11, nioKccM6ypr, Mam.ra, MottaKo, futAepnaH.llb1 , HopecrltJI, nonbwa, IlopryranH.11, PyMbDHI.II, Catt-MapHHo, CoeA1111euuoe Koponeecrno, CCCP, TypUH..11, cJ>cAeparneuu Pccny6n11Ka fcpMattHH, Cl>11HJIJ1HJlHJI, cJ>pattUH.11, llcxocnoeaKltJI, llleeltuapltJI, llleeUH..11 11 IOrocnaeH.11. BceMHpHa.H oprauH3aU.HH 3Apaeooxpaue11HH iJ.l-~ EeponeiicKoe pernouanL1-1oe 61opo ~ •• • ~ Koneurareu EP6 : OrlleTb1 H HccneA0BaHHH I 02 nnAHl1POBAHl1E 11 YilPABilEHl1E B CEKTOPE 3llPABOOXPAHEH11H Orqer o coeew.auHH 803 faara 27 aerycra - I ceHrn6p» 1984 r. ICP/ MPN 001 ISBN 92 890 4268 0 ISSN 0250- 8729 © BceMHpHaR opraHHJaU1tR J.apaeooxpaHeHHR . 1987 ro.a Ha ny6nHKaUHH BceMHpHoH opraHHJaUHH J.apaeooxpaHeH1tR pacnpocTpa- HR~r c R nono•eHltR npOTOKona f 2 BceMltpHOH KOHBeHUHH 06 oxpaHe aBTOp- C K 11x npae . JaReneHHe Ha nepene'laTKy HnH nepeeo.a ny6nH K auHH EeponeH- c Koro pernoHanhHoro 6~po BOJ 'laCTH'lHo 11m1 nonHocTb~ cne.aye T Hanpae- nRTb B JTy opraH11JaUH~ no a.apecy : Regiona l Office for Europe, Scherfigsvej 8, DK-2100 Copenhagen 0, Denmark . PerttoHanbHOe 6~po OXOTHO y.ao eneT BOpReT TaKHe npocb6M. 06o J tta'leHltR . HCnonbJyeMble e Ha CTORWeM HJ.llaHHH, H npHBO.IIIIMble e HeM MaTep11anM Hit B KOeM cny'lae He BMpa•a~T MHeHltR CeKpeTapHaTa Bce- MltpHOH opraHltJaUlllt J.apaeooxpaHeH ltR O ~Plt.llH'leCKOM CTaTyce KaKOH-n1160 CT p a HM , TeppltTOpltH , ropo.aa HnH paHoHa . HX opraHe enacTII ltAH 06 HX rocy.aa p CTBeHHMX rpaHltUax . Yn o~UIH 3H l1e HeKOTOpbiX KOMOaHHH HAH npo.ayKUltH OT.aenbHblX HJfOTOBH- TeneH He OJ Ha'laeT, 'lfO BceMHpHaR opraHHJaUHR J.apaeooxpaHeHHR OT.aaeT ltM npe.!Jn O'lTeH lte no cpaeHeHH~ C .apyntMlt . He y noMRHyTblMH B TeK CTe . HJlH peK OMeH/l)ieT It)( K 1tcnonbJOBa H1t~ . KaK npae1rno , naTeHTOBaHHble HaHMeHo- Ba lHtR Bbl/le .1R~fCR Ha'laJl bHblMlt nponHCHblMH 6yK B3Mlt . 1T a n y6.11t Ka Ult A OTpa•aeT BJr AR.llbl y'laCTH ft KOB .aaHHOH Pa6o'leH rpynnbr 11 He o6 R JaTe.1bHO npe!ICTa BnReT peweHHR HAit oqJHUltaJlbHY~ non1tTHK y BceMHpH OH o praH1tJaUIIH J.apaeooxpaHeHHR . HJLIAHO B LIAHHH CO,UEPJKAHHE Bee.ne H11e .[111cKycc1111 BO epeMR OTKP~Tl1R KoH~epeHU1111 Te11.ne 11u1111 e 06nacT11 nna1111poea1111R 11 ynpaeneH11R B ceKTope 3,npaeooxpa11e1111R C11cTeMbl 11 npouecc~ nna1111poeaH11R 11 ynpaeneH11R B ceKTope 3,npae o oxpaHeH11R rocy,napcTB - ~neH OB EeponeAcKoro per110Ha: a Han113 COCTORHl1R npo6neM~ OpoOneM~ nnaH11poeaH11R 11 ynpaene1111R B ceKTo pe 3,npaeooxpaHeH11R OCHOBH~e HanpeneHl1R .n11cKycc1111 EanaHc Me*.nY ueHTpan113au11eA 11 .neueHTpan113au11e A Y~acT11e e npouecce np11HRT11R pewe1111A B ceKTo pe 3,npaeooxpa11e1111R Pacnpe.nene1111e pecypcoe B nep110.n~ 3KOH OM11~e c K11x TPY.J:IHOCTeA . 3KOHOM11~ecK11e nocne.ncTBl1R non11Tl1Kl1 .J:10CTl1*eH11R 3.J:IOPOBbR .nnR e c ex K 2000 r. MexaHl13M~ MHOroc e KTOpanbHOro COTPY.t\Hl1'1eC TBa PyKoeo.ncTBO nnaH11po e a 1111eM 11 ynpaeneH11 e M B ceK Tope 3,npaeooxpaHeH11R 6y.nyw11e no.nx o.n~ K nnaH11po eaH11m 11 ynpa sne H11m a ceKTope 3,npasooxpa HeH11R PeKOMeH.nau1111 .nnR roc y.na pCTB-4ne HOB PeK OMeH.nau1111 .nnR Es po ne AcK o r o per11 0 HanbH o r o 6mpo 8 0 3 . Op11no * e H11 e 1. Cn11 CO K y 4 aCT H11K OB 3 3 4 7 10 10 12 1 3 18 2 3 29 30 33 33 36 38 BBE,I.IEHHE EeponeAcKaR KOH$epeHUHR no nnaHHpoeaHHW H ynpaeneHHW B CeKTope 3ApaeooxpaHeHHR, C03BaHHaR EeponeACKHM perHOHanbHblM 6wpo B03 COBM€CTHO c npaBHTenbCTB OM HHAepnaHAOB, npoxoAHna e raare c 27 aerycTa no 1 ceHTR6PR 1984 r. Uenb KoH$epeHUHH 3aKnwqanacb B ycoeepweHCTB OBaHHH H yKpenneHHH e cTpaHax EeponeAcKoro perHoHa npo uecc o e ynpaeneHHR CTpaTerHRMH AOCTH*€HHR 3AOPOBbR AnR e cex K 2000 r. npeACTORno rnaeH~M o6pa30M o6ecneqHTb o6Me H on=oM H MH€HHRMH O nyTRX BH€AP€HHR H3MeHeHHA, HanpaeneHH~X Ha C03AaHHe 6onee cnpaBeAnHB~X H eceCTOPOHHHX nporpaMM H nonHTHKH B oOnaCTH 3ApaeooxpaHeHHR, KOTOp~e n03B OnHnH 6~ ynyqWHTb COCTORHHe 3AOPOBbR HaceneHHR H Oo nee 3$$eKTHBHO HCnOnb30BaTb pecypc~. nepeA yqacTHHKaMH KOH$epeHUHH CTORnH cneAYKJLUHe KOHKpeTH~e 3aAaqH: 1. npoaHanH3HpOBaTb H3MeHeHHR B oOnaCTH nnaHHPOBaHHR H ynpaeneHHR 3ApaeooxpaHeHHeM e rocyAapcTeax - qneHax EeponeAcKoro perHOHa, npoHcWeAWHe nocne Eepo n eAcKoA KOH$epeHUHH no nnaHHPOBaHHW HaUHOHanbHOrO 3ApaeooxpaHeHHR ( 6yxapecT, 1974), H paCCMOTpeTb COOTBeTCTBH e cyu.1ecTBYWLI\HX CHCTeM ynpaeneHHR uenH AOCTH*€HHR 3AOPOBbR .nnR ecex K 2000 r.; 2. paCCMOTpeTb peweHHR TaKHX KnW4 € B~X npo6n eM nnaHHpoeaHHR H ynpaeneHHR, KaK: 96anaHCHPOBaHHOCTb ueHTPi;lnH3aUIIH H JT€UeHTpanH3aU11H e npouecce nn a Httpo eaHHR H ynpaen e HHR H ponb pa3nHqH~X ypoeHeA PYKOBOACTBa 3Apaeoo xpa HeHHeM B 3TOM npouecce; Oonee WHpOKOe npHBneqeHHe Hacene HHR II pa3Jl ll4H~ X KaTero pHA M€AHUHHCKoro n epco Ha/l a K npHHRTHW peweHHA H nnaHHPOBaHHW 3ApaeooxpaH e HHR; HanH4He Mexa HH 3 MOB Me*ceKTOpanb ll OA .ne RT e /lbHOCTH H KOOPAHHaUHH B o6 n aCTH 3Apaeooxpa li e llH R ; nepcneKT HB~ nnaHHPOBaHHR 3Apaeoo xpaHeliHH B yC/l 0 ~1RX coepeMeHH~X 3 KOHOMHqeCKHX TPY.Llli OC Te H H li eyCTOH4HB OC T H; no Tpe6 HOC TH s HccnenoaaHHRx H n onroTOBKe Kanpo a no s o npocaM nnaHHposaHHR H ynpaaneHHR B o 6nacTH 3npasooxpaHeHHR; 3 . npoaHanH3HPOBaTb B03MO*H~e 3KOHOMHqeCKHe nocnencTBHR nonHTHKH DOCTH*eHHH 3DOPOBbR nnR scex K 2000 r.; 4 . o 6cynHTb cpencTBa nnaHHPOBaHHR H H3yqeHHR anbTepHaTIIBH~X nyTeA peanH3aUHH perHOHanbHOA CTpaTerHH DOCTH*eHHR 3DOPOBbR nnH acex K 2000 r. c noMOmbw pa3pa60TKH cueHapues. 8 pa6oTe KoH¢epeHUHH npHHRnH yqaCTHe npencTaBHTenH 21 rocynapcTsa - qneHa EaponeAcKoro perHoHa , a TaK~e KaHa,rn,1, npencTaBHTenH KOMHCCHH eaponeACKHX coo6mecTB, AccouHaUHH WK o n o6wecTBeHHoro 3npaaooxpaHeHHH EaponeAcKoro perHoHa, ~spo ne AcK o A accouHaUHH nporpaMM H3yqeHHH cny*6 3DpasooxpaHeHHH, Me*DyHaponHoro COBeTa MeDHUHHCKHX cecTep H Me*DYHaponHoA ¢enepaUHH OOnbHHU. KpoMe Toro, Ha KOH¢epeHUHH npHCYTCTBOBanH 26 apeMeHH~X COBeTHHKOB, COTPYDHHKH WTa6-KBapTHP~ 803 H EsponeAcKoro perHOHanbHOro 6wpo . Ko H¢epeHUHW OTKP~ n-p Leo A. Kaprio, DHpeKTOP EaponeACKOro perHOHanbHOro Owpo 803, B npHCYTCTBHH ee BenHqecTBa KOponeB~ HHnepnaHDOB SeaTpHKC. YqacTHHKOB np11seTCTsosan r-H J.P . v an der Reijden, rocynapcTaeHH~A ce KpeTapb no nenaM 3npaaooxpaHeHHH, 6narococTOHHHR H KynbTYP~, qbe B~CTynneHHe HOCHno OCHOBononarawmHA nnR Ko H¢ e peHUHH xapaKTep. Opo3ByqanH TaK*e B~CTynneHHR n-pa J. van La nden, reHepanbHoro nHpeKTopa cny*6 3npaaooxpaHeHHR HunepnaHno a, n-pa S. Khanna, cTapwero MeDHUHHCKoro c ne uHanHCTa B ceKUHH KOOPDHHaUHH CTpaTerHH DOCTH*eHHR 3DOPOBbR nnR scex B WTa6-KBapTHpe 803, H n-pa Leo A. Kaprio . ,n-p J. van Landen H n-p o.n. m.enHH 6~H H36paH~ npe nce naTeneM H 3aMeCTHTeneM npencenaTenR KoH¢epeHUHH COO TBeTCTBeHHO . .UoKnanqHKOM 6~ n-p D.M . Pendreigh, a n-p J.E. Asvall, B03rnaanRwmHA ynpasneHHe nporpaMMaMH a EsponeACKOM perHOHanbHOM Owpo 803 , HCnonHRn 06R3aHHOCTH ceKpeTapR. 2 JU1CKYCCHH BO BPEMH OTKPblTHR: KOH<l>EPEHl~Hl1 Ha nepeoM 3acenaHHH 6bUlH npencTaene H~ cnenywmHe AOKnan~: "TeHneHUHH B o6naCTH nnaHHPOBaHHR H ynpaeneHHR 3DpaeooxpaHeHHeM B cTpattax EsponeAcKoro perHoHa" n-pa I. S. Luculescu , perHoHanbHoro cneuHanHcTa e oOnacTH nporpaMMHPOBaHHR 3ApasooxpatteHHR no CTpattaM, EeponeACKOe perHOHanbHOe 6wpo B03; "CHCTe- H npouecc~ nnaHHPOBaHHR H ynpasneHHR B ceKTope 3ApaeooxpaHeHHR rocynapCTB - 4neHOB EeponeACKOro perHOHa B03 - 0630P COBpeMe HH Oro nono•eHHR" r-Ha D.Affeld H n-pa S.E.Ekeid; "Bonpoc~ nnaHHPOBaHHR H ynpasneHHR B ceKTOpe 3ApaeooxpaHeHHR" n-pa D.M.Pendreigh. Ka•n~A H3 3THX AOKnanos RBnRncR ceoero po na 063opoM nnaHHPOBaHHR H ynpaeneHHR B oOnacTH 3ApasooxpaHeHHR B EeponeACKOM perHOHe B HaCTORmee epeMR H B HeAaBHeM npown oM B CBeTe rnoOanbHOA H perHOHaRbH~X CTpaTerHA AOCTH.eHHR 3AOPOBbR ARR ecex. TeHAeHUHH B o6naCTH nnaHHPOBaHHR H ynpaeneHHR B ceKTOpe 3ApaeooxpaHeHHR ~-p Luculescu B CBOeM AOKRaAe cyMMHPOBaR 3Ha4HTenbH~e AOCTH•eHHR B pa3BHTHH ynpaBReHHR 3ApaeooxpaHeHHeM B CTpaHax EeponeAcKoro perHoHa H OTMeTHn , 4TO nonHTHKa B03 H ece ee Ha4HHaHHR B c¢epe ynpaBReHHR OTpa•awT H3MeHeHH e ycnOBHA B PerHOHe, a TaK•e nORBReHHe ABH.eHHR 3a AOCTH•e HHe 3AOPOBbR ARR BCex K 2000 r. B AOKnaAe O~nH nepe4HCneH~ H npoKOMMeHTHPOBaH~ OCHOBH~e 4epT~, KOTOp~e AOn•H~ xapaKTepH30BaTb npouecc ynpasReHHR, 4T06~ peanH 3aUHR CTpaTerHA AOCTH•eHHR 3AOPOBbR AnR ecex OKa 3anac b yc n e wH OA. nocne KoH¢epeHUHH Ha nnaHHPOBaHHW HaUH OHa nbH Or O 3ApaeooxpaHeHHR 1974 r. HeKOTOp~e KOHUenUHH, He nocpe ncTreHH O CBR3aHH~e C ynpaeneHH e M CTpaTerHRMH AOCTH.e HHR 3AOPOBbR AnR ecex, nony4HnH 6o n ee 4 e TKyw ¢ o pMynHpo eKy. OHH o npe n e nRnH Cb c n enywmHM o6pa3 0 M: HOB~e KOMnneK CH~e B3aHMOOTH OWeHHR Me•AY cne uHanH CTa MH n o nnaHHPOBaHHW H Te MH, KT O Hece T OTBeTCTBe HH OC Tb 3a ynpasneHHe 3Apa s ooxpa He HH e M H 3 npHHRTHe pemeHHA, a TaK~e yqeT 3THX B3aHMOOTHOIJeHHA B pa6OTe B03; Me~ce KTopanbHOe nnaHHPOBaHHe KaK ODHO H3 cpencTB KOM nneK CHOro nonxona K npo6neMaM 3DOPOBbR H BO3neACTBHR Ha neTepMHHHPYIDmHe ~aKTOP~ COCTORHHR 3DOPOBbR; yqac THe s npo uecce nnaHHpo saHHR KaK nyTb K o6ec neqeHHID 6Onbwero COOTBeTCTBHR nnaHHPOBaHHR peanbHblM noTpe6HOCTRM HK nonyqeHHID 6onee rny6oKoro ynoaneTBOpeHHR OT CBOHX neACTBHA, BOC nHTaHHID 6naronpHRTHOro OTHOWeHHR K npennaraeMbM Mepa M H, B KOHeqHoM cqeTe, coneACTBHID HX B~n o nH eH HID; ycnex TaKoro yqacTHR 3aBHCHT OT Toro, non KnwqaT CR nH K HeMy noTpe6HTenH MenHUHHCKOA n OMOmH, MenHUHHCKHA nepcoHan H OTBeTCTBeHH~e pa6OTHHKH; y c HneHHe BHHMaHHR K CTpaTerHqecKOMY nnaHHpOBaHHID JnpaaooxpaHeHHR, oco6eHHO npH cocTaaneHHH nonrocpoqH~x nnaHOB B ycnoBHRX HeonpeneneHH~x nepcneKTHB; HeO6XODHMOCTb H36eraTb HerH6KOCTH H 6wpoKpaTH3Ma H B nw6 o A npouecc O6OCHOBaHHOro nnaHHPOBaHHR BKnwqaTb TaKHe acneKT~,KaK neueHTpanH3aUHR H Henpep~BH~A KOHTpOnb, oueHKa H noBTOPHOe npo rpaMMHPOBaHHe; BnHRHHe 3KOHOMHqecKHX TPYDHOCTeA H HeYCTOAqHBOCTb, xapaKTepH~x nnR H~HewHero nepHona, Ha nnaHHpoaaHHe JnpaaooxpaHeHHR ; He O6XODHMOCTb npoaHanH3HPOBaTb, KaK nyqwe acero npeTBOpRTb B ~H3Hb nonHTHKY nocTH~eHHR 3DOPOBbR nnR scex K 2000 r. B ycnOBHRX MeHee O~OpMneHH~X, nnwpanHCTHqecKHX cHcTeM JnpaaooxpaHeHHR . PaCCMOTpes H o6cynHB HOB~e nocTH~eHHR B acneKTe ynoMRHYT~X B~we MOMeHTOB, aBTOP~ noKnana B o6mHx qepTax OnHcanH OC HOBH~e MeponpHRTHR EaponeACKOro perHOHanbHOro 6wpo B03 B o6nacTH ynpaaneHHR H nnaHHPOBaHHR B ceKTope 3npasooxpaHeHHR, KOTOp~e ocymecTBnRnHCb B TeCHOM COTPYDHHqeCT Be C rocynapCTBaMH-qneHaMH. CHCT e ~ H npo uecc~ nnaHHPOBaHHR H ynpaaneHHR B CeKTOpe JnpasooxpaHeHHR rocynapcTB - qneH OB Eapo neAcKoro perHoHa: aHanH3 COC T OR HHR npo6neM~ B 3TOM n oKnane , npencTaaneHH OM r-HoM D. Affeld, no ~ywecTBY n epenaH O conep~aHHe DHCKYCCHA, COCTORBWHXCR Ha 4 coaewaHHH Pa6oqeA rpynnli no noTpe6HOCTRM a o6nacT H nnaHHPOBaHHR H ynpaaneHHR B ceKTope 3Apaaooxpa HeHHR B CBR3H c AOCTH*eHHeM 3AOPOBbR AnR acex K 2000 r., KOTOpo e 6linO npoaeAeHo a ceHTR6pe 1983 r. a A$HHax. Bo apeMR 3Toro coaemaHHR, nocny*HBWero H3BeCTH- TOn4K OM K opra HH3aUHH AaHHOA KOH$epeHUHH, c neuttanHCTli H3 12 eaponeACKHX rOCYJJi'IPCTB- qneHOB BliRCHHnH, B KaKOA CTeneHH cymecTaywmtte C HCTeMli ynpaaneHHR H nnaHHPOBa HHR B ceKTOpe 3ApaaooxpaHeHHR COOTBeTCTByWT uenH AOCTH*eHHR 3AOPOBbR AnR acex , H yK a3anH HeCKOnbKO Ba*HeAWHX HanpaaneHHA AeACTBHA AnR n OAAeP*KH H coaepweHCTBOBaHHR npaKTHKH ynpaaneHHR. ~OKnaA 6lin AOno nH eH nHCbMeHH-H coo6weHHRMH 15 rocyAaPCTB-qneHOB, B KOTOPliX O HH OnHCliBanH H aHanH3HPOBanH CBOA OnliT B 3TOA oonacTH. 3TH coo6me HHR RBHnHCb 3Ha4HTenbHblM CTHMynoM AnR AHCKYCCHA, H B nocneAOBaBWHX AHCKyCCHRX BliCTynaewHe Ha HHX HepeAK O CClinanHCb. ~HCKYCCHR e A$HHax H nHCbMeHHlie coo6meHHR CTpa H BliRBHnH o6mHOCTb B3rnRAOB B OTHOWeHHH WHPOKHX n o nHTHq ecK HX OCHOB 3aAa4H AOCTH*e HHR 3AOPOBbR AnR ecex. 4T O KacaeTCR nonHTH4eCKHX OCHOB ynpaeneHHR H nnaHHPOBaH HR, T O , KaK yKa3anH yqaCTHHKH coeemaHHR, e AOKyMeHT ax B03 MO* HO YCMOTpeTb HeCKOnbK O *eCTK He npeACTaeneHHR 06 ynpaen e HHH H, oco6eHHO, 0 nnaHHPO BaHHH. 8 CBR3H C 3THM 6lina BliCKa3aHa MliCflb O He06XOAHMOCTH AaTb HOBOe onpeAeneHHe nnaHHPO BaHHW KaK nOHCKY scex MexaH H3MOB, KOTOplie O$ HUHanbH O HnH HeO$HUHanbHO HanpaeneHli Ha CHCTeMaTH4eCKOe ynyqwe HH e AanbHeAwero pa3BHTHR 3ApaeooxpatteHHR. 3TO - peanbHOCTb e ycnOBHRX Eeponli, rAe cymecTBYWT caMlie pa3H006pa3Hlie eapttaHTli nnaHHPOBaHHR - OT otHUHanbH OA CHCTeMli, AOCTaT04H O n o nHO npottnnWCTPHPOBaH HOA Ha n pHMepax 6onrapHH, r~P , n o nbWH H 4exocnoeaKHH, AO ycoe epweHcTe o eaH- HliX H He orpaHH4HBaWWHXCR O$HUHanbHliMH paMKaMH n OAX OAO B, KOTOplie C04eTaWT pyK OBOACTBO H KO HTpOnb C Mexa HH 3 Ma MH neperoeopoe H KOHKypeHUHH, perynHpyR pa3BHTHe ce KT Opa 3ApaeooxpaHeHHR H HHTepecli pa3nH4HliX rpynn H OTAe nbHliX nHU , qTQ Ha wno OTPa*eHHe a AOKnaAax, npeACTaeneHHliX 6e nbrH e A , JiJoKCeM6ypr o M, HHAepna HAaMH H ~Pr. ~HCKYCCHR n o Ka3ana, 4TO B CTpa tta x EeponeACK O r o p erHOHa cymecTeyeT MHO*eCTB O pa3nH4HliX n OAXOAOB K PYK O BOAC TBY, nnaHHpO BaHHW H ynpaene HHW. B HeK OTOPliX r oc yAapcT e ax OTAenbHlie c ny* 6 li 3Apaeooxpa HeHHR HC nliTli BaWT Ha ce 6e nHWb MHHHManbHliA KOHTpOnb co CTOPO Hli npaBHT e nbCT Ba , OAHaK o npH 3TOM AeRT e nbH OCTb CHCTeMli 3Apa e ooxpa HeHHR o6ec n eq tte ae T C R nyTeM n eperoe opoe H ycTaHoeneHHR cornaCHR Me *AY Me AIIUHHCKHM nepcoHano M, T e MH, KT O n o nb3yeTCR MeAHUHH CK HM o 6cn y * HBa l!H e M, 5 y•1pelK,neH11RMH co u11anbH Oro CTpaxo BaHHR, BnHRTenbHblMH rpynnaMH H T.,[I. npaBHTenbCTB a B 3THX ycn o BHRX 11rpawT ponb He CTOnbK O BepXO BH OA snacTH, npHHHMawmeA p e weHHR, CKOnbKO RBnRwTcR n apT Hepo M 11 co3,nawT 6a3y .nnR Be,neHHR neperoBopoB 11 pe an113au1111 co rnac o BaHHblx 11,neA. B ,npyr11x cTpaHax PYKOBO.URmaR ponb npaBHTenbCTBa B nnaHHPOBaHHH qeTKO oro s ope Ha B 3a1<0He. 0,nHaKo, KaK OBbl 6bl HH 6bl.JIH 3TH TIO,[IXO.Ubl, HX 06be,[IHHR eT sce o6mee npH3HaHHe uenH ,[IOC THlKeHHR 3.UOPOBbR .nnR s cex K 2000 r . , KOTopaR HaXO.UHT BblpalKeHHe B nonHTHKe B 06nacT11 3.npasooxpaHeHHR B uenoM . B xone .UHCKYCCHH yqacTHHKH KO H1epeHUHH npH3HanH, qTO ypos e Hb pa60Tbl cnylK 6 3,npasooxpaHeHHR H COCTORHHe 3.UOPOBbR Hac e n e HHR He Bcer.na 3aBHCRT OT Bb16paHHblX CTpaHOA MeTO,[IOB nnaHHPOBa HHR. B n ocne,nHHe HeCKOnbKO neT PR.U CTpaH, B qaCTHOCTH B paAoHe Cpe,[1H3eM HOMOPbR , nepernnH K C03,[laHHW HaUHOHanbHOA C HCT eMbl c nylK 6 3,npaB ooxpaHeHHR H conyTCTBywmeMy 3TOA CHCTeMe HaUH O HanbH OMY nnaHHpOBaHHW 3,npaBoox paHeHHR. 3 TO qeTKO n o Ka3aH o B coo6meH1111 , npe,ncTaBneHH OM HcnaHHeA. C ,npyroA CT OpO Hbl, B pR.ne CTpaH PerHOHa, r.ne YlKe .neACTBYWT KOMnneKCHble Ha u11 0 HanbHble CHCTeMbl cnylK6 3,npaBoo xpaHeHHR, HanpHMep B BenHK06pHTaHHH, napannenbHO c HaUH O HanbHOA CHCTeMOA cnylK6 3,[lpaBooxpaHeHHR Haq11HaeT TIORBnRTbCR OTHOCHTenbHO o6wHpHblA qacTHblA ceKTOp Me.nHUHH CKoro o6cnylKHBaHHR. Ue nb ,[IOCTHlKeHHR 3.UOPOBbR .nnR Bcex K 2000 r . noTpe6yeT KOMnneKcHoro no.nxo.na H yc11n11A, .naneK o BblXO.URmHx 3a npe.nenbl ceK T Opa 3,npaBooxpaHeHHR, o.nHaKo B HaCTORmee BpeMR BO MHOrnx CTpa Hax nnaHHPOBaHHe CBR3aHO rnaBHblM o6pa30M C ceKTOPOM Me ,[IHK o - ca HHTapHOA TIOMOmH, XOTR H,[leR ueneycTpeMneHHoro C,[I BHra B CTOPOHY HHTerpHpOBaHHOro nnaHHPOBaHHR 6blna BCTpeqeHa coqyBCTBeHHO. TeM He MeHe e yqacTHHKH KoH~epeHUHH He CMOrnH Bbl,nenHTb CKOnbKO-HH6Y.Ub BblpalKeHHblX TeH.neHUHA sceo6be Mnwmero nnaHtt poBaH HR B o6nacTH 3,npasooxpaHeHHR, 3a HCKnwqeHtteM HeCKOnbKHX CTpaH, r.ne nnaHHPOBaHHe B o6naCTH 3,npa s ooxpa He HHR RBnReTcR qacTbW 06m11x nnaHoB cou11anbH0- 3 KO HOM11 qecKoro pa3BHTHR. HeKOTOpble yqaCTHHKH coo6mHnH O Han11q1111 B HX CTpaHax 0~11u11 anb HO npH3HaHHblX .nonro cpoqHbJX nnaHOB, HO CTano o q eB H.UH O , qTO B c11ny 3KOH OMHqeCK OA HeycT o AqHBOCTH BO MHOrHX CTpa Hax .nonrocpoqHoe nnaHHpOBaHHe YCTYTIHno MeCTO cpopMyn11po BaHHW n o nHTHKH 3,npaBooxpaHeHHR, KOTOpaR Hepe ,nK O BKnwqaeT o npe.nen e HH ble cTpaTer11qecK11e a n e MeHTbl. n oqTH BO scex CTpa Ha x n p tt nnaHHpO BaHHH optt eHT HpyWTCR Ha COOTHOWeHHe BKnano B H HMeWWHXCR pecypcoB, a TaKlKe COO TH OWe HHe n o nyqeHHblX 6 B HeKOTOp~x rocy,napCTBax- '-!neHax npe,nnpHHHMaWTCH non~TKH nepeATH K nnaHHPOBaHHW H nporpaMMHPOBaHHW C opHeHTauHeA Ha pe3ynbTaT~, no KpaAHeA Mepe B OT,nenbH~X o6naCTHX, oco6eHHO Kor,na pe'-!b H,neT o KOHKpeTH~x npoOneMax 3,npasooxpaHeHHH. rocy,napCTBa C ueHTpanH30BaHHblMH CHCTeMaMH 3,npasooxpaHeHHH CTpeMHTCH, no-BHDHMOMY, K HOpMaTHBHOMY nnaHHPOBaHHW: nnaH~ COCTaBnHWTCH Ha MeCTax, KOOPDHHHpylOTCH ueHTpanH30BaHHO, a nocne yTBep*,neHHH npH06peTaWT CHny 3aKOHa. 8 CTpaHax, xapaKTepH3YIOlllHXCH perHOHanH3aUHeA H .neueHTpanH3aUHeA, qa~e scTpeqaeTCH ~opMynHposaHHe Ha HaUHOHanbHOM ypOBHe HHDHKaTHBH~X nnaH OB , KOTOp~e npHHHMaWT ,nHpeKTHBHYW ~OPMY Ha MeCTax. Opo6ne~ nnaHHposaHHH H ynpasneHHH B ceKTOpe 3,npaso oxpaHeHHH B 3TOM ,noKna,ne, npe,ncTasneHHOM ,n-poM D. Pe ndrei q h, paccMaTpHBanHCb sonpoc~, HHTepecyw~He EsponeAcKoe perH o - HanbHOe Owpo B CBH3H C ,neHTenbHOCTbW no nponaraH,ne, noDDeP*Ke H noo~peHHW npouecca ynpaaneHHH pa3BHTHeM HaUHOHanbHOro 3,npaaooxpaHeHHH , C03,naHHH COOTBeTCTBywweA ceTH Y'-!Pe*,neHHA, opraHH3aUHH ,neHTenbHOCTH no no,nroTOBKe Ka,npOB H yrnyOneHHH Me*ceKTOpanbHOro COTPYDHH'-!e CTBa H KOop,nHHaUHH. nocn e ,noKna,na o6cy~anHCb acneKT~ c o speMeHH~x TeH,neHUHA nnaHHpOBaHHH H nposo,nHnHCb conocTaaneHHH C HeKOTOP~MH MHeHHHMH, B~CKa3aHHblMH Ha KOH~epe HUHH no nnaHHpOBaHHW HaUHOHanbHOro 3,npasooxpaHeHHH 1974 r . 06cy*,neHHH senHcb no cne.nyKXI\HM HanpasneHHHM: nnaHHposaHHe B o6nacTH 3,npasooxpaHeHHH HnH nnaHHposaHHe cny*6 3,npaaooxpaHeHHH; H3MeHeHHe p o nH nnaHHPYKXI\HX opraHOB; H3MeHeHHH B MaCwTa6ax c~ep~ nnaHHpoBaHHH; nnaHHposaHHe KaK npouecc ynpasne HHH; PaccMaTpHBanHCb TaK*e 3KOHOMH'-!eCKHe BOnpoc~ , B~ 3 Ba HHbE MeHHWWHMHCH ycnOBHHMH. nnR nnaHHPOBaHHH H ynpa sne HHH D o6nacTH 3,npasoo xpaH e HHH ycnOBHH H3MeHHnH C b,B '-! aC TH OC TH, cne.nyKXI\HM o 6pa3 0 M: s o -ne psblX HMelOUIH ec H pec y pc u He 7 ysenH'IHB alOTCfl , KaK 3TO 6blJIO paHbWe, BO-BTOpblx, pacnpe,Ilenf!Tb pecypcbl cne,IlyeT Tenepb C yqeT OM HOBblX 3a,Ilaq. QqeBH,IlHO, q= HaMeT 11ncf! KOH<!)nllKT Me)t(Jly ceKTopanbHblMH HHTepecaMH C HIOMHHYTHOro xapaKTepa H nepcneKTHBHblMH uenf!MH. KpoMe Toro, qTO6bl MO6 HnH3 OBaTb HOBble pecypcbl ,Ilnf! yKpenneHHf! 3.IIOPOBbf! Hac e neHHf! H npO<!)HnaKTHKH 6one3HeA H npH 3TOM n O,Il,IleP*HBaTb cywecTBYIOWHA ypoBeHb cny*6 3,IlpasooxpaHeHHf!, HeO6XO,IlHMbl TaKHe n epeMeHbl, KOTOpble COOTBeTCTBOBanH 6bl nnaHHpoBaHHIO 3THX cny*6 H ynpasneHHIO HMH. 0.IIHOBpeMeH HO cne,IlyeT npHHHMaTb BO BHHMaHHe HeO6XO,IlHMOCTb BOCnHTblBaTb y Me,IlllUHHCKOro nepcoHana H nonb3OBaTeneA Me,IlHUHHCKHM o6cny*HBaHHeM CO3HaTenbHOe OTHOWeHHe K CTOHMOCTH O6CnY*HBaHHf! . B ,IlO Kna,Ile npHBe,IleHo HeMano npHMepos, CBH,IleTenbCTBYl<J.lt!X 0 HeCOOTBeTCTBHH cospeMeHHblX CHCTeM ynpasneHHf! CTpaTerHf!M .IIOCTH*eHHf! 3.IIOPOBbf! ,Ilnf! ecex K 2000 r. npoueccy ynpasneHHf! B TeCHOA CBf!3H c 3TOA npo 6neMOA 6blJIH OTMeqeHbl sonpocbl, Kaca!OlllHeCf! COOTHOWeHHf! ueHTpanH3aUHH H ,IleUeHTpanH3aUHH B CHCTeMax ynpasneHHf! 3,IlpasooxpaHeHHeM. UenblA PR.II eonpocos, Tpe6y10mHx o6cy)t(JleHHfl, Obin no,IlHf!T B C Bf!3H C yqaCTHeM B ynpa sneHHH He TOnbKO HaceneHHfl, HOH npe,IlCTaBHTeneA Me,IlHUHHCKOA npo<!)eCCHH H .IlPYrHX ceKTOPOB. HaK OHeu, 6blJIH nepeqHcneHbl npo6neMbl, KOTOpble npe,IlCTOHT pewaTb s c<!)epe o6yqeHHfl, no,IlrOTOBKH Ka,IlpOB H HayqHbJX HCCne,IlOBaHHA. * * * YKa3aHHble TPH ,IlOKna,Ila H nocne,IlOBaswaf! ,IlHCKYCCHf! Ha nn e HapH OM 3ace,I1aHHH OTpa3HnH HeKOTOpble C,IlBHrH, xapaKTepH- 3OBaBWHe nepHO,Il nocne EsponeACKOA KOH<!)epeHUHH no nnaHHposaHHIO HaUHOHanbHoro 3,IlpasooxpaHeHHf!: KOHUenUHIO nnaHHPOBaHHf! cny*6 3,IlpasooxpaHeHHf! 3aMeHHnO WHpOKOe B ueHTpe BHHMaHHf! npH nnaHHPOBaHHH OKa3anHCb He TeXHHqecKHe acneKTbl, a <!)opMynHposaHHe nonHTHKH, a TaK*e nonHTHqecKHe H COUHanbHble npo u eccbl ; yKpenHnocb co3HaHHe, qTo npouecc nnaHHposaHHf! Henb3f! ocymecTBnf!Tb B OTPblBe OT ynpasneHHfl, H BO3HHK TaKOA KOMnneKCHblA MeTO.Il, KaK npo uec c ynpasneHHf! pa3BHTHeM HaUH O HanbH Or O 3,IlpasooxpaHeHHf!. B XO.Ile ,IlHCKYCCHH 6bln OTMeqeH 3BOnlOUHOHHblA xapaKTep KOHUenUHH npoueccaynpasneHHf! pa3BHTHeM HaUHOHanbHOro 3,IlpasooxpaHeHHf! no OTHOWeHHIO K 8 paHee Bblpa6oTaHHblM KOHUeOUHRM B03, B 4aCTH OCT H, CBR3aHHNM c CHCTeMaMH nnaHHpOBaHHR, nporpaMMHPOBaHHR H 6IDn)f(eTHpOBaHHR, ponbID CHCTeMHoro aHanH3a B pa3pa60TKe npoe KT OB H nporpaMMHpOBaHHeM 3npaaooxpaHeHHR no cTpaHaM. B npHcnaHHNX Ha KOH$epeHUHID nHCbMeHHblX cooOmeHHRX MHOrHe CTpaHbl BblCKa3anH ueHHble cooO pa)f(eHHR OTHOCHTenbHO HenpepblBHOrO pa3BHTHR MeTonoB ynpaBneHHR H nnaHHpOBaHHR. nHCKYCCHR noMorna nponHTb CBeT Ha COCTOR HHe nnaHHPOBaHHR B pa3nH4HblX rocynapcTaax - 4neHax P erHOHa, CBR3aHHyID C HHM neRTenbHOCTb, ero aKTyanbH OCT b H pe3ynbTaTbl. Y4aCTHHKH npH3HanH, 4TO MeTonbl nnaHHPOBaHHR H ynpaBneHHR BO MHOrOM OTpa)f(aIDT nonHTHKo-anMHHHCTpaTHBHYID CTpyKTYPY H opraHH3aUHID CTpaHbl H,cnenoaaTenbHO, B CTpaHax EBpOnbl 3TH npoueccbl WHPOKO BapbHPYIDTCR. Bo BpeMR nHCKyCCHH 6NnH nonHRTbl naa oco6e HH O Ba)f(HbJX Bonpoca: (a) KaK noOHTbCR y4aCTHR B npHHRTHH pewe HHA nonb30BaTeneA MenHUHHCKOr o o6cny)f(HBaHHR H ( 6 ) KaK YCTaHOBHTb paBHOBeCHe Me)f(ny ueHTpanH3aUHeA H .[leUeHTpantt3a- UHeA B pa3nH4HblX CHCTeMax 3npaaooxpaHeHHR. Cneny eT coxpaHRTb Te acneKTbl ueHTpanH3aUHH, KOTOpble MoryT o 6ner=Tb nocTH)f(eHHe paaeHCTBa B o6nacTH 3npaaooxpaHeHHR n o reorpa$H4eCKOMY H COUHanbHOMY npH3HaKy, He yTepRB npH 3TOM Tex acneKTOB neueHTpanH3aUHH, KOTOpble cnoco6cTBYIDT o6ecne4eHHID 6onee 4eTKOro OTHOWeHHR anMHHHCTpaUHH K noTpe6HOCTRM H 3anpocaM MeCTHOro HaceneHHR. BnocnencTBHH y4aCTHHKH KOH$epeHUHH nonp o 6HO pa36ttpanH 3TH BOnpOCbl. 6blno yKa3aHo, 4TO KaK YHHTapuaR, TaK H nnIDpanHCTH4eCKaR CHCTeMa 3npaaooxpaHeHHR MO)f(e T 6b1Tb B u enoM 3acTpaxoBaHa OT B03HIIKH OBeHHR 6IDp0KpaTH4e CK HX TeH.[leHUHA, ecnH oHa npenycMaTpttaae T npoaeneHHe perynRpH o r o a u a nH3a, oueHKH H nocnenywmeA Ko ppeKUHH caoero pa3BHTHR. nocKOnbKY nnaHHPOBaHHe npencTaBnReT co6oA WHPO KOe nOHRTHe H MO)f(eT ocy111ec TBnRTbCR caMNMH p a3 H006 pa3HNMH cnoco6aMH, Ba)f(HO Bb16ttpaT b onTHManbHblA cn oco6 .[lnR Ka)f(.[lOA KOHKpeTHOA CHTyauHH. CnenoBaTenbHO, ecnH C4 HTaTb, 4T O nnaHHPOBaHHe RBnReTCR cornac o BaHHNM KOMnn e KCOM n o nHTH4 eC KHX peweHHA H Mepo npHRTHA, HanpaaneHHblx Ha co3 aatttt e 6onee 6naronpHRTHblX y c n OBHl-1 B 6ynymeM, T O Ka)f(na R CTpaH a MO)f(e T pa3pa60TaTb C BOH co6C TB e HHble MexaHH3MN, B l(OTO PblX CTe n e Hb $opMantt3aUHH nna tt o B, 6ana ttc Me)f(ny acneKTaMH u e HTpa nH 3a UHH H neue HTpanH3aUIIH H cpO KH BblnOnHeHHR 6yayT 3a BH CeTb OT HaUHOHanbHblX oco6e HH OC TeA. 9 OCHOBH~E HAnPABnEHHR llHCKYCCHH Pe3ynhTaTOM o6cy*neHHfl 3Toro aonpoca Ha rpynnoa~x H nneuapu= 3acenaHHf!X RBHnocb MHO*ecTBO nonpo6H~x Ha6moneHHA H KOMMeHTapHeB. CpenH OCHOBH~X BOnpocoB, no KOTOPblM 6blJ10 nocTHrHyTo cornacHe, 6blJ1H cnenYKXIIHe. 0 lleTepMHHHPYID~HA $aKTOp .!.lOCTHrHyToro paBHOBeCHfl H Ta $OPMa, KOTOPYID npHMeT BCfl CHCTeMa, 3aBHCflT OT OCHOBHblX nonHTHKO-a.[lMHHHCTpaTHBH~X oco6eHHOCTeA CTpaH~. o HY*Ha c6anaHCHpOBaHHaf! CHCTeMa, qTo6~ ueHTpanH3aUHfl n oMo rana .!.lOCTHrHyTb paseHCTBa B' Me.!.lHUHHCKOM o6cny*HBaHHH no reorpa$HqecKOMY H COUHanbHOMY npH3HaKY, HOB TO *e BpeMfl He06X0,!.1HMO coxpaHHTb B CHCTeMe nocTaToqHoe qHcno 3neMeHTOB neueHTpanH3aUHH, qTo6~ MO*HO 6~no yqHT~BaTb noTpe6H OCTH H 3anpoc~ MeCTHoro HaceneHHfl. 0 HeKOTOp~e cornaweHHfl, 3aKnIDqeHH~e B ueHTpanH30BaHHOM nopflnKe, MoryT 6~Tb ynoOHblMH nnfl MeCTH~X opraHOB 3npasooxpaHeHHfl, TaK KaK OHH oOecneqHBaIDT nonqac 6onee BCeCTOpOHHIDID nonneP*KY (HanpHMep, B OTHOWeHHH HH$OpMaUHOHH~X cny*O, cny*6 CHa6*eHHfl, pa3BHTHfl KanpoB 3npaaooxpaHeHHf!). O noqTH nnfl nID60A CHCTeM~ qpe3a~qaAHO Ba*HO HanHqHe qeTKoro o npeneneHHfl H pacnpeneneHHfl o6R3aHHocTeA PYK OBO.!.lHTeneA H HX $YHKUHA Ha Ka*.!.lOM ypoBHe. CaMblA n epB~ A ypoaeHb, nonyqHBWHA npaBO KOHTponHpoBaTb pecypc~ H npHHHMaTb peweHHfl, onpenenReT cTeneHb neueHTpanH3aUHH naHHOA CHCTeM~ 3.[lpaaooxpaHeHHf!. o He cnenye T 3a6~BaTb, qTo ceKTop 3npaaooxpaHeHHfl pa6oTaeT B HeCTa6HnbHOA CHTyauHH: noTpe6HOCTH n oc TOf!HHO MeHf!IDTCfl, H TO, qTO npencTaBnf!eTCfl BnonHe c6ana HCHpOBa HHblM B naHH~A nepH0.!.1 , co BpeMeHeM, npHXO.!.lHTCfl KOppHrHpOBaTb HnH MeHf!Tb B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT 10 npo6neM, KOTop~e npencTOHT pewaTb. B qacTHOCTH OTMeqanOCb , qTo BO MHOrHX rocynapCTBax C ueHTpanH30- BaHHOA, KaK cqHTaeTCfl, C HCTeMOA ceAqac Ha6nIDnaeTCfl f!BHaf! TeHneHUHfl K neueHTpanH3aUHH. C npyroA CTOpOH~, HeK OTOp~e rocynapcTBa - qneH~, B OCHOBHOM neueHTpanH- 30BaHHOro THna, co3naIDT MexaHH3M~ nnR o6ec neqeHHfl 6onbweA KoopnHHaUHH. 0 0 no aceA BHAHMOCTH, qeM BblWe CTeneHb AeueHTpanH3aUHH, TeM aepoRTHee, qTo yqaCTHe OOTpe6HTene8 B MeponpHRTHRX no 3ApaaooxpaHeHHID 6yAeT HenocpeACTBe HH~M H 3$$eKTHB H~. 60nbWOe 3HaqeHHe HMeeT OOAAeP*Ka CHCTeM~ 3Apaaooxpa- HeHHR co CTOPOH~ HH$OpMaUHOHH08 cny*6~, KOTOpaR MO*eT npeAOCTaBHTb o6paTHYID CBR3b PYKOBOAHTenRM, nepcoHany 3ApaaooxpaHeHHR H noTpeOHTenRM MeAHUHHCKoro o6cny*HBaHHR. Ha pa3nHqH~X YPOBHRX opraHH3aUHH H ynpaaneHHR TpeOyeTCR KOHKpeTHaR HH$OpMaUHR, HepeAKO OTnHqalOOlaRCR OT CBeAeHHA, HeOOXOAHM~ X KnHHHUHCTaM. 0 )."l.nR 3$$eKTHBH08 AeueHTpanH3aUHH CHCTeM~ 3ApaaooxpaHe- HHR aHanorHqHyID pa60Ty AOfl*H~ npoBeCTH H OCTanbH~e ceKTOP~- Ba*H O TaK*e, qToO~ Ha MeCTax pyKOBOACTBO ocymecTBnRn AOCTaToqHo KBanH$HUHPOBaHH~8 nepcoHan. 0 B nepHOA 3KOHOMHqeCKHX TPYAHOCTeA AeueHTpanH3aUHR MO*eT RBHTbCR OA HHM H3 cnocoOoa Oonee paaHOMepHoro pacnpeAeneHHR oOmeA Harpy3KH, OA HaK o B 60nbWHHCTBe cnyqaea ueHTpanbH~e opraH~ ocTaBnRIDT 3a co6oA KOHTpOnb 3a pecypcaMH H npHHRTHeM peweHHA. 0 B CTpaHax, KOTOp~e B HaCTORmee apeMR HaXOARTCR B npouecce KpynHoA peopraHH3aUHH ceKTOpa 3ApaaooxpaHeHHR, HHOrAa MOryT ocymecTBnRTbCR on~TH~e npoeKT~ B OT,[\eflbH~X paAOHdX C uenbID anpoOHpOBaHHR HOB~X CTpaTerHA. TaKOA on~TH~A npoeKT, OOMHMO npoqero, MO*eT AaTb ueHHyID HH$ OpMaUHID O B03MO*HOCTRX ynpaaneHHR Ha cy6HaUHOHanb- HOM YPOBHe. o flpeAnonaraeMoe yTaeplK.ll,eHHe 34-H ceccH e A EaponeAcKoro perHOHanbHOro KOMHTeTa qeTKO onpeAeneHH~X perHOHaflbHblX ueneA (AOKyMe HT EUR/RC34/7) AOfl*HO CTHMynHpoaaTb H3yqeHHe CTpaHaMH COOTBeTCTBHR HX CHCTeM noTpe6HOCTRM ynpaaneHHR CTpaTerHRMH AOCTH*eHHR 3AOPOBbR AnR acex, a HMeHHO AOnrocp04H08 opHeHTaUHH 3aAaq, He 06XOAHM OCT H AenaTb ynop Ha CTpaTerHqeCKHA OOAXOA H AOCTHrHyT~e pe3ynbTaT~, 6onee WHPOKOMY yqaCTHID HaceneHHR H ero cornaCHID C npHHRTOA nonHTHKOA, C03HaTenbHOMY OT HCX!EHHID K CTOHMOCTH oocny*HBaHHR H 3KOHOMH4eCK08 3$$eKTHBHOCill npH B~6 ope CTpaTerHH, paBeHCTBy B o6cny*HBaHHH H, HaKOHeu, TaK OMY Ba*HOMY $aKTOP Y, KaK yMe HHe OTKfl HKaTb CR Ha MeHRIDmHeCR n oTpe6 HOCTH. 11 Y<1a c THe 0 n po u ecce npHHRTIHI peweHHA 0 ceKT o pe 3,npa0oo xpaHeHHR XOTR Ha KoHte peHUHH npe.nnaran o cb paCCMOTpeTb H o6c y.nHTb 0 o npo c 0 6 y q a c THH n o nb3 0 0aTeneA Me.nHUHHcKoro 0 6cny >1m0a HH R , Me.nHUHHCKoro nepc o Hana II npe.ncTa8HTeneR .np y r HX ce KT OP 0 8 8 C8R3aHH OR co 3,n p a0ooxpaHeHHeM .neRTenbHOCTH, Ha 3ace~a HHR xo 6 e Hx r p ynn H 0 0 0peMR nne HapHNX ceccHR n e psooq epe.nH o e 8HHMaHHe no npasy y.nenRnocb yqacTHW n o nb3 0 BaTen e A; Me •ceKTOpanbHOe COTPY.IIHHqecTBO o6cy•.nanocb Ha n oc n e.n ywmHx 3ac e.naHHRx , Kpo Me To r o , MHOrHe cTpaHN K 3 TOMY MOMe HTY 6 o n e e qeTK O o npe.ne nHnH nyTH npHsneqeHHR K yq ac THw n e p co Hana 3,npa0ooxpaHeHHR. n o yK a 3aH HOMY 0onpocN ONnH cto pMynHposaHN cne.nywmHe OC HOBHNe n o n o •eHHR. 0 Pe qb H.neT O TOM, KaK OTH OCHTb CR K nepeMeHaM , yqHTNBaR p a3 H00 6pa3HNe HHTepecN H s o cnpHRTHe HX pa3nHqHbJMH rpynnaMH n Onb3 0 8aTeneR Me.nHUHH C KOr O o6cny•HBaHHR H Me .nHUHHCKOro nepcoHana H TOT t a KT , qTo 3TH rpynnN 8 pe MR OT 0peMeHH MoryT MeHRTbC R ponRMH. o MH or11 e c TpaHN p ewawT .nnR ce6R TaKyw sa•HYW npoOneMy , Ka K 0 o npoc o q n eHc Tse yqacTBYIDmHX s npouecce npHHRTHR pe we HHA o praHH 3 a UHR . B qacTH OCTH .non•HN nH HX n p e.nc TaBHTenH BN6HpaTbCR Hen o cpe .ncTBeHHO HnH HX c n e .ny e T Ha3HaqaTb KOCBeHHblM nyTeM? Co3.na s aR TaKHe rpynnN, cne.nyeT n OMHHTb HO T OM , q T o HHOr.na He npHHH Ma WTCR 8 0 BHHMaHHe HHTepe cN 6e.nHRKOB, MHrpaHTOB 0 0 12 H .np yrHX YR 3 BH MNX rpynn. Yq aC THe pa3nHqHNX rpynn He 0 6XO.IIHMO KaK Ha MeCTH OM, TaK H Ha u e HTpanbH OM YPOBHe , npHqe M Me)l(Jly HHMH .nomt<Ha n o.n.nep•HBaTb CR .II BYXC TOPO HHRR C 8R3b C ynopOM Ha 8Npa•e HHe To qKH 3 pe HHR HH308NX yp08HeR, TaK KaK MHeHHe n ocn e .nHHX qacTO Hr HOpHpyeTCR. B o n pe.ne neHH OR Mepe paBH 0 8eCHe Me)l(Jly npRMblM H o n ocpe.no saHH blM y q a c TH e M pa3nH q HNX rpynn s npo uecce npHHR T HR p e we HHA 3aBHCHT OT c6anaHCHPOBaHHOro COOTH OWe HHR 3 n e MeHTOB ueHTpanH 3 aUHH H .neueHTpanH3aUHH H , c ne .no aa Te nbH O , OT a .nMHHH CTpaTHBH O-nOnHTHqeC KOA C HCTeMN Ka•.noA CT p aHN. Te H.ne HU HR K pe rHO HanH3aUHH H .ne u e HTpa nH 3a UHH cHcTe M 3,npa s ooxpa He HHR .no n•H a c n o c o 6C TB OBa Tb 6on ee r apMO HH q Ho My y q a c THW p a 3nHqHNX CTOPO H H o 6ec n eq HB a Tb 66nbwy~ • H3H ec n oco 6HOCTb HX npRMOMy yq ac TH W. 0 Heo6xonHMa CHCTeMa HH$OpMaUHOHHOrO o6ecne4eHHH , KOTOpaa noMorana 6~ HH$OPMHPOBaTb nonb3OBaTeneA OTHOCHTenbHO pecypcoe, HMeIDmHXCH B pacnopa>KeHHH CHCTeM~ 3npaeooxpaHeHHH, H BO3HHKaIDmHx TPYnHOCTeA, a C npyroA CTOPOH~,3HaKOMHT yqpe>KneHHH, 3aHHMaIDmHeca nnaHHPOBaHHeM B o6naCTH 3npaeooxpaHeHHH,C HY>KnaMH H MHeHHHMH pa3H~X rpynn nonb3OBaTeneA . B 3TOA CBH3H MOlKHO 6~0 6~ npoeonHTb COOTBeTCTBYIOOIHe onpoc~ . TaKYID neaTenbHOCTb cnenyeT paccMaTpHBaTb KaK cnoco6CTBYIDWYID neMOKpaTH3aUHH. 0 B xone nonroTOBKH MenHUHHCKHe pa6OTHHKH non>KH~ HayqHTbCH He TOnbKO 3anpawHBaTb MHeHHH nonb3OBaTeneA H Y4HT~BaTb HX, HOH ycTaHaBnHBaTb aKTHBH~e pa6O4He B3aHMOOTHOWeHHH C rpynnaMH nonb3OBaTeneA. 0 0$HUHanbH~e MexaHH3Mhl yqaCTHH pa3nH4H~X rpynn B npHHHTHH peweHHH H KOHTaKTOB C HHMH HMeIDT 60nb woe 3Haqetttte, HO cnenyeT noompaTb H nononHHTenbtt~e HeO$HUHanbH~e CBH3H, Hrpa1001He 6OnbWYID ponb B He KOT OP~ CHCTeMax 3npaeoo xpatteHHH. 0 nonb 3OBaTenH MOryT C ycneXOM yqaCTBOBaTb B npHHHTHH peweHHA, ecnH OHH oceenoMneH~ He TOnbKO 06 3KOHOMH4eCKHX TPYnHOCTHX I HO TaK>Ke HO CflOlKHOCTHX B~6 o p a pewettHH B paMKax ceKTopa 3npaeooxpaHeHHH. Ba>KH O HaATH cnoco6 npHMHPHTb HHnHBHnyanbH~e H rpynnoe~e HHTepec~ c o6mecTBeHH~MH. o Hy >K H~ HOB~e H 6onee rny6oKHe ttccnenoeattHH e o6nac TH COUHOnOrHH H noeeneHHH, KOTOp~e nO3BOflHflH 6~ AO 6HTbCH 6onee eecoMoro yqacTHH pa3nH4H~x rpynn B npouecce npHH HTHH peweHHA. PacnpenenettHe pecypc oe B nepHOA~ 3K O HOMH4 e CKHX TPYnH OC T e A Hanpaenaa o6CY>KAettHe no 3TOMY nyTH, npo ~. A . van der Werff npencTaBHn noKnan non Ha3BaHHeM "nnaHHpo eatttte H ynpaeneHHe B ceKTOpe 3Apaeooxpa HeHHH B nepH OA~ 3 KO HOMH4eCKHX TPYnHOCTeA H HeyCT OA4HBOCTH ". HH>Ke B o6mHx q e pTax npHB e n e oo conep>KaH He 3Toro noKnana . B cepe ntttte 70-x ronoe 3aKOH4HflCH caMblA AflHHH~H B HCTOPHH neptton tt enpe p~BH OrO 3 KOHOMH4eCK O r o p oc T a . n ocn e He$THHOrO KPH3HCa , B 4aCTH OCTH,pe3KO CHH3HflH C b T e Mn~ poc T a MHPOBOA 3KOH OMHKH B peanbHOM B~pa>KeHHH. B T O >K e epe MR B ee CTPYKType HaqanH ttaMe4aTbCH pe3KHe H3 MeH e HHH: B ee p o - neACKHX H npyrHX CT pa ttax MHpa noHBHflHCb npH 3 Ha KH 3 a C T OR H 1 3 HeycToAqHB OCT H. 3KOHOMHqecKHA cnan xapaKTepeH Tenepb nnR CTpa H C pHHOqHOA 3KOHOMHKOA; n o -eHnHMOMY, TeMnH p oc Ta 3aMennRWTCR H B CTpa Hax C nnaH OBOA 3KO HOMHK OA. 6onbwe e cero OT 3 KO HOMHqecK o r o cnana cTpanawT pa3BHBaKIItHecR cTpal-bl. 8 C BR3H C n ep HODOM npo ueeTaHHR xapa KTep 3npaeooxpaHeHHR H3 Me HHnC R H npo n o n)l(aeT MeHRTbCR. ITOTpe6HOCTb B MeDHUHHCK~ noMOWll BO3pocna, o nHaK O COCTORHHe 3nopoBbR HaceneHHR ynyqwaeTcR Mano. Kpo Me Toro, npHna rae TcR HenocTaToqHo YC HnHA nnR BBeneHHR HeO6XODHMHX H3MeHeHHA c yqeTOM orpa H11qeHHHX pecypcOB H B npenenax HaMeqeHHHX CPOKOB. n epeMe HH B npHOPHTeTax, HawenwHe OTpa)l(eHHe B CTpaTerHRX DOCTH)l(eHHR 3DOPOBbR nnR ecex, HY)l(H O paccMaTpHBaTb Ha $Otte CTapeHHR HaceneHHR, COUHanbHOA HeycToAqHBOCTH H HOBOro O6pa 3a )l( H3 HH, He e cerna xapaKTepH3ywwerocR 3,oopoBblMH npHBHqKaMH . 3KOH OMHqecKHe nepcneKTHBH TaK)l(e npencTaBnR~TCR 6e3panocT HHMH. 3KOHOMHqecKaR CHTyauHR BnHReT Ha npouecc~ nnaHHPOBaHHR H ynpaeneHHR. HOBHe "yc nOBHR n na HHpOBaHHR" MoryT noTpe60BaTb HOBOA "K o Hue nUHH nnaHHPOBaHHR" H npyroro "cTHnR ynpaeneHHR". C Teqe HH eM epe MeHH KO HUenUHH nnaHHpOBaHHR H ynpaeneHHR TaK)l(e non)l(HH npe TepneTb H3MeHeHHR. B nepH o n 3KOHOMHqecKoro pocTa KOHUenUHH nnaHHPOB a HHR H CTHnb ynpaeneHHR MoryT 6~Tb npyrHMH, qeM B ycnOBHRX 3KOHOMHqecK o ro cnana. 8 yKa3aHHOM DOKnane npoaHanH3HPOBaH~ H3MeHeHHR B nnaHHPOBaHHH,xapaKTep H~e nnR nepHonoe 3KOHOMHqeCKHX TpynHOCTe A H HeycToAqHBOCTH,H BHHeceH~ peKoMeHnaUHH OTH OC HTenbH O THna n na HHPOBaHHR H ynpaeneHHR B ceKTope 3npa e ooxpa He HHR, KOTopblA no3BOnHn 6H ycneWHO H3MeHHTb OpHe HTaUH~ n o nHTHKH B o 6nacTH 3DpaeooxpaHeHHR B COOTBeTCT- BHH c uenbW DOC TH)l(eHHR 3DOPOBbR nnR ecex K 2000 r. ABTOP, o q ee HnHo, He npOH3BODHn oueHKY pa3nHqH~X CTpaTerHA c n ep)l( HBaHHR pacxonoe. PaccMaTpHBanHCb OCHOBH~e xapaKTepHHe qepT~ ycnOBHA nn a HHpO BaHHR H aHanH3HpoeanHCb npHqHH~ H o6mHA KOHTeKcT n epeMeH, npOHCXOnRWHX HHorna non BnHRHHeM 3K O HOMHqecKHX TPYDH OCTeA H HeycT o AqHBOCTH. ABT OP OC TaHOBHnCR TaK)l(e Ha H3Me He HHRX B caMOA CHCTeMe 3DpaeooxpaHeHHR (HanpHMep, Kaca~mHXCR HOBHX npo6neM 3Dpaeoo xpaHeHHR, KOHUenuHA $ OpMynHpo BaHHR nonHTHKH B o6naCTH 3DpaeooxpaHeHHR, ceTH cny)l(6 3npaeooxpa He HHR H pa3BHTHR pecypCOB H $HHaHCHpOBaHHR), a TaK)I(€ Ha CO UHanbHO-nonHTHqeC KOM KOHTeKCTe nnaHHPOBaHHR H ynpaeneHHR, B qacTHOCTH Ha H3Me HeHHRX BO B3rnRnax Ha nnaHHpo e a HH e H ynpaeneHHe H conpoTHeneHHH nepeMeHaM. 6bl11O yneneHo BHHMaHHe opra HH3aUH O HHblM CT OPO HaM nnaHHpoeaHHR H 1 4 ynpaaneHHR. 8 3TOA CBR3H paCCMaTpHBaJlOCb BJlHRHHe 3KOHOMH4eCKoro cnana Ha MaCWTa6~ npaBHTeJlbCTBeHH O r o KOHTPOllR, Me*ceKTopaJlbHOro COTPYnHH4eCTBa H neueHTpaJ1H3alJJ,IH. B noKnane nonaeprHYT~ aHaJ1H3Y nocnenc TBHR 3 KO HOMH4eCKHX TPYnHOCTeA H HeyCTOA4HBGCTH nnR npouecca npHHRTHR p e weHHA a uenoM. nOJ1H OM04HR H POJlb acex o praHH3aUHA H JlHU, npHHHMalOlllHX peweHHR a 0611acTH 3npaaooxpa HeHHR. OTMeqaeTcR , 4TO npouecc npHHRTHR peweHHA ycnO*HReTCR; 06CY*nalOTCR . B03MO* HOC TH H orapHH4eHHR "perynHpoaaHHR" B nepHon coKpameHHR pacxonoa. HaKoHeu, nepeqHcneH~ Te acneKT~ pacnpeneneHHR p e cypco a, KOTOp~e OTHOCRTCR K c~epe o6pa30BaHHR, nonroTOBKH Kanpo B H HayqH~X HCCnenoaaHHA. * * * YqacTHHKH o6cy~eHHA Ha rpynnoa~x H nneHapH~X 3acenaHHRX npHWJlH K c nenYKlllHM B~BonaM B OT HOWeHHH pacnpeneneHHR pecypco B B nepHon~ 3KOHOMH4eCKHX TpynHOCTeA. 0 Pe*HM *eCTKOA 3KOHOMHH MO*eT nocTaBHTb CHCTe~ H OTnenbH~X JlHU nepen Heo6xonHMOCTblO cnenaTb TPYnH~A B~Oop B onpeneneHHH npHOPHTeTOB, a 3TO noTpe6y e T OOJlbWeA BnYM4HBOCTH, aKTHBHOCTH, 6011ee T 0 4HOA o ueHKH, 4YBCTBa OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH, H ace 3TO, HeCOMH e HH O , npHHOCHT nOJlb3y. 0 0 0 OnHaKO B nepHon~ 3KOHOMH4eCKHX TPYnHOCTeA B0 3HHK ae T onacttOCTb cpoqHoro aaeneHHR Mep no coKpaweHHIO pacxonoa C ueJlblO yMeHbWeHHR 3aTpaT H npH 3TOM HenocTaT04H O o6ny~BaeTCR BOnpo c O TOM, KaK 3TO CKa*eTC R Ha pe3y11bTaTax. Mo*eT B03HHKHYTb TeHneHUHR npeHe6pe qb paCC4 HT a HH OA Ha nnHTeJlbH~A cpoK neRTeJlbHOCTblO no npo tHnaKTHK e H yKpenneHHIO 3nOPOBbil BO HMR B~n o nH e HHR KpaT KOCP0 4H~X Mep. TaK OA TeHneHUHH cnenyeT npOTHBOCTORTb . CHcTe ~ 3npaaooxpaHeHHR n o n*H~ pacnonaraTb 6onee nonH OA HHtOpMaUHeA 06 3t$eKTHBHOCTH H pe3yJlbT a THBH OC TH pa3J1H4H~X Meponp HRTHA B ctepe 3npaaoo xpaH e HHR, 6UTb 6onee ,H6KHMH , qame npH6 e raTb K KOHTpOnlO H n o BT Op HOMy nporpaMMHposam110 neRTenbHOCTH. 1 5 0 8 KaqecTBe cpeDCTBa c,uep*HBaHHH pacXODOB cneDyeT He CT OnbKO MaHHn yn HpO BaTb ueHaMH, CKOnbK O BBeCTH DnH MeDHUHHcK o r o nepc o Hana CTHMyn~, no6Y*DalOU\ee era pa6oT aTb 6onee 3$$eKTHBHO H pe3ynbTaTHBHO. 0 8 ycnOBHRX 3 KO HOMHqeCKHX TPYDH OC TeA Tpe6yIDTCR 6onee TQqH~e n o Ka3aTenH H 6onee KOHKpeTH~e 3aDaqH; OHH noMoryT n oDDep*aTb e~nonHeHHe n oc TaeneHH~x nepe ooqepe DH~x 3 aDaq H o6ecneqHTb ToqHyw o ueHKy Kpo Me Toro, nocK OnbKY pecypcoe He xBaTaeT, He 0 6XODHMO npHrOT OBHTbCR K TOMY, qTo 6~ 6onee y6eDHTenbH O DOKa3~BaTb 3HaqeHHe KanHTanoeno*eHHA B 3DpasooxpaHeHHe no cpae HeHHID C DPYrHMH BHDaMH KanHTa- n oeno*e HHA H OTC TaHBaTb DOnID 3DpaeooxpaHeHHR B 6IDD*eTe 0 8 ycnO BHHX 3KOHOMHqecKHX TPYDH OCTeA eepORTH~ KOH$nHKT~ C MeDHUH~CKHM nepco HanoM H n o nb30BaTenRMH MeDHUHHCKOro o6cn y*HBaHHR; HHOrDa opraH~ 3DpaeooxpaHeHHR Tpe6ywT, qT o6 ~ enaCTH npHHRnH Mep~ ,nnR yKpenneHHR nepeHqHoA Me,UHK O-CaHHTap110 A noMOIIIH , He3aBHCHMO OT MHeHHA HJJH HHTepeco e MeDHUHHCKHX pa60THHK OB HnH nonb30BaTeneA. O 3 KO HOMHqe cK He TPY.UHOCTH MoryT npHBeCTH K o60CTpeHHID HepaseHcTea, TaK KaK OHH 3aMe,UJJRIDT eee,ueHHe HOB~X BHDOB H MeTODOB o 6CJJY*HBaHHR ,nnR HenpHeenerHpOBaHH~X cnoee o6 mecTea. 0 ~eCTKaR 3KOHOMHR B~3~eaeT TeH,UeHUHID K perHOHaJJH3aUHH H DeueHTpaJJH3aUHH. npH 3TOM .ue$ HUHT HCn~T~BaIDT 6onee HH 3KHe 3BeHbR 0 6CJJY*HBaHHR, B TO BpeMR KaK ue11TpanbH~e opra H~ npo,uon*aIDT KOHTponHpoeaTb pecypc~. 0 HyneeoA 3KO HOMHqecKHA pocT, 6ID.U*eTH~e npo6neMbl H He o6xODHMOC Tb c,uep*H BaHHR pacxo,uoe caMH no ce6e He BJJHHIDT Ha B~non HeHHe 3a,naq, CBR3aHH~X C DOCTH*eHHeM 3 DOPO BbR DnR e cex; e a* HO, KaK pearHpyeT Ha HHX ,uaHHoe o6mecT BO , 3KO HOMHK a H npaBHTenbCTBO CTpaH~. 0 8 HeKO T Op~x CTpaHax noJJb3 0 BaTenH Me,UHUHHCKoro 06CJJY*HBaHHR H p a60THHKH 3,upaeooxpaHeHHR 06be,UHH/OOI'CR, qTo BeDeT K CTa6HJJH3aUHH CHCTeM~ Ha DaHHOM YPOBHe ee HC n OJJb30BaHHH , H 3HaqHTenbH~X nepeMeH He npOHCXO,UHT. TaKHM o6pa30M , nOJJHTHqecKHX CDB HrO B MO*HO ,U06HTbCH TOJlbKO nyT eM u eneHa npaeneHH~X npaBHTeJJbCTBeHH~X Mep , KOTOp~e BCTynaIDT B npOTHBOpeqHe C 3aDaqeA npHeneqeHHH n OJJb30BaTeneA K ,neRTenbHOCTH, CBH3aH HOA co 3Dpae oox - pa He HHe M. 16 0 nocKOnbKY 3AOPOBbe BO MHOrOM onpenenfleTCfl pa3nH4Hb!MH ~aKTopaMH,nOMHMO MeAHUHHCKOA noMomH, cnenyeT pa3pa60TaTb noKa3aTenH, KOToplie noMoranH 6li neMOHCTPHPOBaTb H onpenenf!Tb KOnH4e CTBeHHO ponb ceKTopa 3APaBooxpaHeHHfl. 3To 6lino 6li oco6eHHO uenecoo6pa3 HO B CBfl3H C TeM, 4TO 3KOHOMH4eCKHe TPYAH OCTH HHorna OTPHUaTe nbHO BnHflWT Ha T e HAeHUHH B COCTOflHHH 3AOP0Bbfl HaceneHHfl He3aBH CHMO OT YCHnHA cHcTe- 3APaBooxpaHeHHfl. 0 nonHTHKa AOCTH*eHHfl 3AOPOBbfl nnR Bcex BeneT CB Oe Haqano OT He06XOAHMOCTH 6onee pauHOHanbHO HCnOnb3 0 BaTb orpaHH4eHHlie pecypcli H cnpaBnflTbCfl C B03pacTaKXUHMH pacxonaMH Ha 3APaBooxpaHeHHe. TaKHM o6pa3oM, He n o =o B03HHKaTb KaKHX-nH60 npOTHBOpeqHA Me~y uenbW AOCTHJKeHHfl 3AOP0Bbfl nnR Bcex H pa3yMHOA n onHTHKOA BOCnHTaHHfl C03HaTenbHOro OTHOWeHHfl K pacxonaM H cnep*HBaHHfl HX. TeM He MeHee 3TO flCHO eme He BCeM H He Bee c ornaCHli C TaKHM Te3HCOM. 0 3KOHOMH4eCKHe TPYAHOCTH MOryT YCKOPHTb Te HneHUHW npeBpameHHfl nepBH4HOA MeAHKo-caHHTapHOA nOMOmH B OCHOBHOe cpencTBO oxpaHli 3AOPOBbfl HaceneHHfl. HeKOT O[he CTpaHli, rne CHCTe- MeAHUHHCKOro o6cny*HBaHHfl opHeHTHPOBaHli Ha 6onbHH4HYW nOMOmb, CTpeMflTCfl pa3BHBaTb nepBH4Hlie MeAHKO-CaHHTapHlie cny*6li, HOB TO *e apeMfl MOryT YCMOTpeTb B 3TOM Bepof!THOCTb yBenH4eHHfl pacxo n o B Ha 3ApaBooxpaHeHHe, noCKOnbKY COKpaTHTb pac XOAli Ha conep*aH11e 6onbHHU no4TH noBceMecTHO qpe3Bli4aAHo TPYAHO . 3KOHOMH4eCKHe TPYAHOCTH MoryT CTHMynHpOBaTb nepecMOTP 0 CHCTe- pa3neneHHfl Tpyna Me*AY MeAHLlHHCKHMH pa60THHl(aMH 11 npencTaBHTenflMH npyrHx npo~eccHA B c$e pe 3ApaBooxpa- He HHfl c uenbW HaATH peweHHfl npo6neM , Tpe 6ywwHe MeHbWeA 3aTpaTli pecypco B. 0 3KOHOMH4ecKafl HeyCTOA4HBOCTb 3aTPYAHfleT nnaHHPO BaHH e , oco6eHHO nepcneKTHBHOe, TaK KaK BpeMeHH~e paMKH Ba*HeAWHX npoeKT OB B 3THX y cnOBHflX p e 3K O CO Kpa wawTCfl. CnenoBaTenbHO, HY*Hli HOBlie MeTOA~ nnaHHpo a a HHfl, 6 o n ee rH6Kafl npaKTHK a nn a HHPOBaHHfl H B03MO*H OC Tb BH OC HTb KOppeKTHpOBKH B nnaHli , 6onee npHCTanbH Oe BHHMa 11H e K CTpaTerH4eC KOMY nna HH pOBaH HW, q e M K nn a HH PO Ba HHW pecypcoB , H B u e n o M 6onee 6~CTpliA OTKnHt( Ha Me Hf!KlUHeC fl ycnOBHfl . 17 o Ha Bc e MHpHyw opraH H3auuw 3.npasooxpaHeHHR so3no•eH~ 4eTKHe O6R3aH HOCTH B OTHOWeHHH OKa3a HHR rocy.uapcTBaM- 4neHaM n oMOWH B 3 TOM HanpasneHHH. 3KO HOMH4eCKHe nocne.ncTBHR nonHTHKH .llOCTH•eHHR 3.UOPOBbR .nnR ecex K 2000 r. B npuee.neHH~x HH•e pa3.nenax cyMMHpoeaHo co.nep•aHHe ucxo .nH o ro .noKna.na npo¢ . A. Maynard non Ha3eaHHeM "Mo6 HnH3 aUHR pecypcoe : 3KOHOMH4eCKaR 3a.na4a nnaHHPOBaHHR H ynpasneHHR B uenRX .llOCTH•eHHR 3.llOPOBbR .nnn ecex K 2000 r." CoepeMeHHaR CHCTeMa Me.UHKO-CaHHTapHOA noMomH xapaKTepH3yeTCR cpaBHHTenbHO He3¢¢eKTHBHblM HCnOnb3O BaHHeM orpa HH4eHH~X pecypcoe, B~.nenne~x Ha HY•.ll~ Me.UHUHHCKOA n OMOmH, H HepaBHblM ypoeHeM 3.llOPOBbR H Me.UHKO-caHHTapHoro O6cny•Hea1rnn. 3TO pe3ynbTaT TaKoA CHCTeM~ BO3HarpaJK,neHHA, KOTOpaR n oompneT HeO.UHHaKOBOe OTHOWeHHe K HaceneHHW. rocy.uapcTBeHH~e H 4aCTH~e yqpeJK,neHHR Me.UHKo-caHHTapHOA nOMOWH He CO3.UaWT .nnn Me.UHUHHCKOro nepcoHana H nonb3OBaTeneA Me.UHUHHCKOA noMomH CTHMy na 3KOHOMHTb CKY.UH~e pecypc~ HnH .UO6HBaTbCR 3a.ua4H paeeHCTBa , c¢opMynHpoeaHHOA B rocy.uapcT- BeHHOA n onHTHKe. n o4TH eo ecex cnyqanx pacxo.u~ HeceT TpeTbR CTOPOHa (rocy.uapcTBO HnH CTpaxoe~e KOMnaHHH); OHH n O4T H He KOHTpOnHpywT cny•0~, KOTOPblM OHH CBO6O.UHO B~enfl!OT cpe.nc Tsa. npo u ecc npOH3BO.llCTBa 3.llOPOBbR, KOTop~A MO.HO onpe.ne.nHTb KOnH4eCTBeHHO nyTeM MaKC HManbHOro pocTa CKoppeKTHpoeaHHOA no Ka4eCTBy npo.non•HTenbHOCTH •H3HH, cno•eH, H Ha Hero OKa3~BaeT BnHRHHe He TOn bK O Me.UHKo-caHHTapHaR nOMOmb. Te HenonH~e .uaHH~e, KOTOp~e y.uaeTCR nony4HTb, CBH.UeTenbCTBYWT p TOM, 4TO BKna.u ceKTOpa 3.npaeooxpaHeHHR B npOH3BO.llCTBO 3.llOPOBbR orpa HH4eH . 3.nopoebe o T.nenbHoro 4enoseKa onpe.nenneT rnasHblM o6pa3O M ero noee.ueHHe e Te4eHwe •H3HH, H3MeHeHHe •e O6pa3a •H3 HH uenoA rpynn~ HaceneHHR - Tpy.nHan 3a.ua4a, KOTopan K TOMY •e ocno• HReTCR TeM, 4TO o Ha conpn•eHa C yMeHbWeHHeM .uoxo.na H 3a HRT OC TH .nnn ¢HPM, 3aHHMawmHXCR npOH3B O.UCTBOM spe.nH~X eewecTB (H a npHMep , TaeaK), H nwwaeT Y.llOBOnbCTBHR Tex, KT O npHB~K n oTpe6nRTb HX npo.nyK UHW. O.n HaKo npH nw6oM H3MeHeHHH nonHTHKH BO3HHKaWT BMeHeHH~e H3.UeP•KH: 4TO6~ yeenH4HTb CKoppeKTHpOBaHHYW no Ka4eCTBY npo .non•HTenbHOCTo •H3HH,xapaKTep .uoxo.uoe H HaAMa .non•eH H3Me HHT !:,CR B ymep6 HeKOTOpblM rpynnaM . BMeHeHH~e H3.nep•KH H noeceMeCTHaR HexeaTKa pecypcoe .UHKTYWT HeO6XO.llHMOCTb HX 3¢¢eKT HBH O r o HCnOnb3OBaHHR, 4T O npe.nnonaraeT MHHHManbH~A 18 pacxon Ha enHHHUY oocny*HBaHHR. nHua, npHHHMalOUIHe peweHHR (HanpHMep, BpaqH), pa6oTaR He3$$eKTHBHO, nHwawT nOMOWH noTeHUHanbHblX nauHeHTOB. TaKaR He3$$eKTHBHOCTb He3THqHa, B TO BpeMR KaK 3$$eKTHBHaR pa6oTa CBonHT K MHHHMYMY BMeHeHHble H3nep*KH H npHBOnHT K MaKCHManbHOMy pocTy CKOppeKTHpOBaHHOA no KaqecTBY nponon*HTenbHOCTH *H3HH . ~nR oueHKH MenHUHHCKOA nOMOWH H npOH3BoncTBa 3nopOBbR HeooxonHMO npHMeHRTb MeTon onpeneneHHR 3KOHOMHqeCKOA 3$$eKTHBHOCTH . KpoMe Toro, Ba*HO qTQQbl npencTaBneHHe 06 3THx MeTonax cTano oonee nocTynH~. TaKaR oueHKa no3BonaeT 3KOHOMHqecKaR oueHKa He ooecneqHBaeT nonHoA HH$opMaUHH, oHa n o 3BonHT nonyqHTb oonbwe naHHblX npH orpaHHqeHHOA *eCTKHMH paMKaMH CTPYKType. CnenyeT HaneRTbCR, qTo CTa6HnH3aUHR noTOKa TaKOA peneBaHTHOA HH$OpMaUHH MO*eT ynyqWHTb . npouecc npHHRTHR peweHHA . B HacToawee BpeMR oonbWHHCTBo cxeM neqeHHR He npoxonttT oueHKY Ha HayqHQ8 OCHOBe, T.e. He nonBepraeTCR paHnOMH3HpOBaHHO8KOHTpOnHpyeMO8 npoBepKe C 3KOH OMHqeCKHM KOMnOHeHTOM. 3TO O0CTORTenbCTBO He no3BOnReT ycTaHOBHTb, MO*HO nH npH HblHewHeM KaqecTBe 6OnbHHqHoro oocny*HBaHHR C3KOHOMHTb pecypcbl nnR ceKTOpa nepBHqHoA MenHKO-CaHHTapH OA nOMOWH, a TaK*e yToqHHTb COOTHOWeHHe CTOHMOCTb/3$$eKTHBHOCTb 3TO He non*HO npenRTCTBOBaTb neACTBHRM, HanpaBneHH~ Ha npeTBOpeHHe B *H3Hb TOA HnH HHOA nonHTHKH, TaK KaK 6OnbWHHCTB O n o nHTHqeCKHX KypCOB npHHHMaWTCR H BblnonHRWTCR npH OTCyTCTBHH noKa3aTenbCTB HX uenecoo6pa3HOCTH. OnHaKO TaKaR panHKanbHaR nonHTHKa, KaK cTpaTerHR nocTH*eHHR JnopOBbR nna Bcex K 2000 r.,TpeoyeT TWaTenbHOA oueHKH (a He npoCTO onHCaHHR HnH KO HTpOnHpOBaHHR) 3aTpaT Ha HOBOBBeneHHR H CBR3aHHblX C HHMH npeHMYWeCTB. nepepacnpenenHTb pecypcbl B c$epy nepBHYH OA MenHK o - caHHTapHoA nOMOWH H npO$HnaKTHKH 0yneT HenerK o : Te , KT O npH 3TOM TepaeT, oynyT BO3Pa*aTb npoTHB nepe pac npene n e HHR cpenCTB, a Te, YTO npH 3TOM BblHrpblBaeT, nnoxo KOo pnHHHPYWT CBOH neACTBHR no n o nnep*Ke nonHTHKH nepBHqHOA Me nHK O- caHHTapuoA noMOWH. T e M He MeHee 3TOMY npo u eccy n o Mo * e T H3MeHeHHe CHCTeMbl CTHMYnHpOBaHHR nepcottana Ha n e pBHqH OM H Ha BTOpHqHQM (B 6OnbHHuax) ypOBHe . HanpHMep, ecnH n e p e naTb cpenCTBa 6pHranaM n epBHYH O8 MenHKO-CaHH Ta pH O8 n OMOWH, OTBeTCTBeHH~ 3a npe n o cTaBneHHe KOMnneK C HOr o oocny*HB a HHR 6OnbHblM, a 3aTeM B3HMaTb C oonbHblX nnaTy 3a c ny*Dbl, l( OT O(JbMH O HH nonb3YWTCR (B ya C TH OCTH 3a r oc nHTanH 3a UHW), n e p co Ha n oyneT o o ne e OTBeTCTB e HH O OTH OCHTbCR K pac x o n a M. KpoMe TON , 19 ec nu oTnaT b s pacnopn•eHue 6puranbl nepsnqHoA MennKo- ca Hn TapHoA noMomu see 6wn•eTHble H3nHWKH, npenocTaBHB HM npaso pacnopn•aTbCH 3THMH H3nHWKaMH no CBOeMy YCMOTpeHHID HnH cquTaTb HX CBOHM noxonoM , 8 O3MO• Ho, qneHbl 6pHranbl CTprnt<e o ue ftus anH 6bl pacxonbl H npeHMymecTsa, a TaK•e O6pa3 neAcTBHA npyr npyra. CTHMynHpoeaHHe nepcoHana non•Ho 6b1Tb nocTpoeHo TaK1 1M o6 pa3 o M, qT O6bl OHO npenycMaTpueano WTpa4> 3a He34>4> eKT HBHYID H BO3Harpa•neHHe 3a 34>4>eKTHBHYID pa6oTy. Tat<H e CHCTeMbl B ceKTOpe 3npaeooxpaHeHHH BCTpeqaIDTCH penKo, Ho nnn 34>4>e KTHBHoro H pasHoMepHoro pacnpeneneHHH pecypcoe OHH Ba•flbl. Bo MHOrHX CTpaHax rpynnbl, nnH KOTOpblX peanH3aUHH CTpaTerHH nocTH.eflHH 3llOPOBbH nnH ecex K 2000 r . qpe eaTa He6naro npHHTHblMH nocnencTBHHMH, MH OroqHcneHHbl H BnHHTenbHbl. Pbl HOK MenHUHHCKOA nOMOmH nonnaeTCH TOHKOMy perynHpoBaHHID, a perynHposaHue 6naronpHHT Ho nnn perynHpyeMblx. qTo6bl H3MeHHTb CHCTeMy 3npaeooxpaHeHHH B flanpaeneHHH pa3BHTHH n epBHqH OA MenHKo-caHHTapHOA noMomH , npHneTCH H3MeHHTb xapaKTep noxonoe H HaAMa. AKUHOHepbl npennpHHTHA, fl)OH3B OnRmHXTa6aqHyID nponyKUHID H anKoronbflble HanHTKH, 6yny T u cnonb3OBaTb nonHTHqecKHe cpencTea, qTo6bl HanpaBHTb O6 HOBneH HYID neRTenbHOCTb no KaHanaM, KOTOpble fie HaHecyT ymep6a HX HHTepecaM. qTO6bl ysenHqHTb pocT CKoppeKTHPOBaHflOA n o KaqeCTBY nponon•HTen bHOCTH •H3HH H naTb BO3MO.HOCTb HaceneHHID EsponeAcKoro perHOHa secTH 6onee nonryID •H3Hb, ynyqwue ee KaqecTeo, Heo6xonHMO 6yneT npeononeTb TaKoro pona npe nRTCTBHH. nnn oonerqeHHR 3Toro npouecca HccnenoeaTenH non•Hbl H3yq aT b nepeqHcneHHble HH•e eonpocbl. 0 KaKOBbl 3anaqH cymecTBYIDmeA nonHTHKH H KaK pacxonyIDTCR n e He•Hble cpencTea a cHcTeMax, CBH3aHHblx co 3npaeoox- pa HeHHeM ? o KTo KOHTponHpyeT pacnpeneneHHe pecypcoe, s qacTHOCTH s nep H<f, epHAHblx cny•0ax? 0 KaKOBa cy mecTBYIOll\aH CHCTeMa CTHMYnHpOBaHHH 34>4>eKT HBH OCT H pa6OTbl,B qacTHOCTH Ha nepH<f>epHH , H KaKOBbl sapHaHTbl? 0 KaKOBbl KpHTepHH pacnpeneneflHH MaTepHanbHblX cpencTB B CHCTeMax MenHUHflCKOA nOMOmH? Te Hnu HHble cpencTsa ? KTo H noqeMy nonyqa eT 0 KTO npHHHMa eT peweflHH (HanpHMep, spaq) H KaK ynyqWHTb non r o TOBK Y npHHHMalOIIIHX peweHHR nHu? 20 0 KaK npOBOAHTb 3KOHOMH4eCKyW ou.eHKy H KaK ycoaepweHCTBOBaTb HH$OpMaU.HOHH~e CHCTeM~, 4T06~ O HH AaBanH B03MO.HOCTb ou.eHHTb KPHTepHH pa60T~, MexaHH3M~ KOHTpOnR H CHCTeM~ B03Harpa•AeHHR H WTpa$oB. OTaeT~ Ha noA06Horo poAa aonpoc~ MoryT cnoco6cTaoaaTb ycnewHoMy nepepacnpeAeneHHW pecypcoa a 3$$eKTHBH~e cny•6~ nepBH4HOA MeAHKO-CaHHTapHOA noMomH H 3KOHOMH4H~e C T 0 4KH 3peHHR 3aTpaT o6nacTH npO$HnaKTHKH . • • • 06cy•AaR 3KOHOMH4eCKHe nocneACTBHR nonHTHKH, HanpaaneHHOA Ha AOCTH•eHHe 3AOPOBbR AnR acex K 2000 r., yqacTHHKH KOH$epeHU.HH cocpeAOT04HnH BHHMaHHe Ha cneAYlOUIHX KOHKpeTH~x aonpocax: 3KOHOMH4eCKHe acneKT~ ynyqweHHR COCTORHHR 3AOPOBbR H npO$HnaKTHKH 6one3HeA; o u.eHKa 3aTpaT H B~rOA, CBR3aHH~X C MeAHU.HHCKOA noMOmbw; 3K O HOMH4eCKHe MexaHH3Mbl H3MeHeHHR opHeHTaUHH CHCTeMbl 3ApaaooxpaHeHHR H ponb 3KOHOMHKH 3Apaa o oxpaHeHHR B coaepweHCTBOBaHHH npou,ecca npHHRTHR peweHHA. 8 pe3ynbTaTe AHCKYCCHH 6~H B~BHHYT~ cneAYlOUIHe nono•eHHR. 0 ~eMOrpa$H4eCKHe CABHrH HMeWT 04eBHAH~e 3K O HOMH4eCKHe nocneACTBHR: HanpHMep ysenH4HBaWTCR 3aTpaT~ $HHaHco =x cpeACTB Ha o6cny•HBaHHe so3pacTawmero no 4Hcne HHOCTH KOHTHHreHTa npecTapenoro HaceneHHR (XOTR, C APYrOA CTOPOH~, pacXOA~, CBR3aHH~e C npeAOCTaBne HHeM MeAHU.HHCKOro o6cny•HBaHHR,AOn•H~ HeCK OnbK O COKpaTHTbCR 3a C4eT cpaBHHTenbHOro yMeHbWeHHR AOnH AeT e A, MTJaAeHU.eB AO 1 rOAa H 6epeMeHH~X •eHmHH cpeAH Hacen e HHR). Be e , 4TO KacaeTCR 3TOro RBneHHR, B qacTHOCTH a o npoca O T OM, KaK MeHReTCR CT OHMOCTb MenHU.HHCKOro o6cny•HBaHHR Ha npOTR•eHHH •H3HH qenoBeKa, Tpe6yeT AanbH e Awe r o H3y4eHHR. 0 ~TO npOHCX OAHT , KOrAa B pe3ynbTaTe T e XHH4 eC KHX AOCTH•eHHA YAa e T C R B~CB060AHTb pe c ypc ~ ? Ky Aa O HH nocTynawT? KaKIIM o 6pa30M Mo •HO H3Y4HTb H npo r11 03u poBaT b AanbHeAwHe T e XHH4 eC KHe HOBOBBeAeHHR H HX B03 MO• HOe BnHRHHe Ha xapa KTe p MeAHU.HHCK OA n OMOmH ? 0 MHOrHe $OpM~ npoctJHnaKTHKH o6XOART CR CO BCe M ll e ,[lOP O r o , o c o 6 e HHO ecnu O HH BB OARTCR He 3 aMeT HO HnH n o c Te n e 111-1 0 . 2 1 O Jlpy l'IIMH CJIOBaMH, npO<j>HJJaKTHK a MO)l(eT OKa3aTbCll n o p o , OC TOllWe A, eCJJH nepen HeA CTOllT 3anaqH o6meA 60 pb6~ C 6one3HllMH HJIH HX n oJJHO A JIHKBHAaUHH; eCJJH )l(e Ma CWT a6~ CTOllWHX 3anaq He TaK BeJJHKH H npenycMaTpHBa- e T Cll , HanpHMep , yMeHbWeHHe KaKOA-nH60 KOHKpeTHOR o n ac HOCT H AJlll 3AOP0 Bhll HJIH COKpameHHe 3a6oneaaeMOCTH, npo$1111aKT Hqec KHe Mep~ MoryT 6~T h ropa3no 6onee 3 KO HOMHqHbIMH. 0 n o qeMy HeK OTOp~e CTpaH~ npOllBJlllffiT JIHWb orpaHHqeHH~R HHTepec K yCHJJeHHffi Mep npo $HJJaKTHKH H yKpenneHHffi 3AOP 0 Bhll? neRTenH, He 3aHHMallc h nonrocpoqHbIMH 3anaqaMH, HHT epecyffiTCll TOJlbKO CHffiMHHYTHbIMH peweHHllMH? 0 Y KJIHHHqecKOA MenHUHH~ eCTb ropf!qHe CTOPOHHHKH. YC HJIHllMH HC CJJenoeaTeJJeR He o 6xo nHMO HaRTH nyTH AJJll o praHH3aUHH CTOJlb )l(e HHTeHCHBHon nponaraHn~ npo$HJJaKTHKH 60JJe3HeR H yKpenneHHll 3AOP0Bhll. 8 3TOM OTH OWeHHH n OMO)l(eT conencTBHe, OKa3~BaeMoe MHHHCTepcraaM 3npaaooxpaHeHHll co CTOPOH~ YHHBepCHTeTCKHX $aKyJJbTeTOB CO UH aJJ bHOR H KOMMyHaJJbHOR MenHUHH~ H WKOJI o6mecTBeHHOro 3npaaooxpaHeHHll . He MeHee uenecoo6pa3HO COTPYAHHqecrao Me )l(ny 803 H HenpaBHTeJJhCTBeHHhlMH opraHH3aUHllMH, TaKHMH, HanpHMep, KaK HHCTHTYT~ eaponeACKHX CTpaH, 0 6ecneqHBa10111He nocTnHnJJOMHYffi nonroTOBKy MenHUHHCKOro nepco Hana a 0611acTH o6mecTeeHHoro 3npaaooxpaHeHHll H ynpaeneHHll HM. 0 He o6XOAHMO 6011ee HHTeHCHBH O 3HaKOMHTb MenHUHHCKHX pa60THHKOB H o6mecTBeHHOCTb c OCHOBHbIMH 3KOHOMHqecKHMH KoHuenUHllMH . CnenyeT nOOWPllTb H3yqeHHe on~Ta B 3TOR 06JJaCT H H CHC T e MaTHqecKyW nonro TOBKY MenHUHHCKHX pa60THHKOB H PYK OBOAllmero nepcoHana. 0 CTpa H~ AOJl)l(H~ H3yqaTb 3KOHOMHqecKyw 3$$eKTHBHOCTh a JJbTep HaTHBH~X peweHHR npo611eM 3npaaooxpaHeHHll. Hy)l(HO co seen OTB eTCT BeHHOCTbW paccMaTpHBaTb eapHaHT~, KOT Op~e MO,yT OKa3 aTbCll ue11ecoo6pa 3Hb!MH B 6ynyweM. n o HCK Ha116 0 11ee newee o r o nyTH o6ecneqeHHll MaKCHMaJJhHO B03M0)1(H0,0 ypOBHll 3AOPO Bhll AOJJ)l(eH llBJlllTbCll nenoM ece x - n OJJ HTHqecKHX JJHnepoa, Tex, KTO npHHHMaeT peweHHll , PYKOBOAllWHX pa60THHK OB H JIH U, OT BeTCTBe HH~ 3a nnaHHpo aaHHe 3npa a ooxpa HeHHll, MenHUHHCKO,o nepcoHana H n o Tpe6HTe11eR MenHUHHCKOro 06CJJ Y)l( HBaHHll. 0 PaCWHPHTCll, n o seen aepOllTH OCT H, npHMeHeHHe cueHapHeB AJlll HJIJIWCTpa UHH rHnOTeTHqeCKHX 3KOHOMHqe cK HX 22 nocneDCTBHR pa3nHqHHX CTpaTerHR, qTo ,DOfl*HO o6nerqHTb peanH3aUHID CTpaTerHH ,DOCTH*eHHH 3DOPOBbH ,DflH scex K 2000 r . O Heo6XODHMO BHHCHHTh, B KaKOR Mepe peweHHH npo6neM, npeDnaraeMHe B ,DOKyMeHTe O CTpaTerHH ,DOCTH*eHHH 3,DOPOBbH DnH Bcex, 3KOHOMHqecKH BHnOnHHMH, H KaKOBH 0YDYT HX 3KOHOMHqecKHe pe3ynhTaTH B COUHanbHOR, nonHTHqeCKOR H 3KOHOMHqecKOR c¢epe pa3nHqHHX CTpaH EsponH. 0 npHCTanbHOro BHHMaHHH 3acny*HBaIDT Te npeHMymecTBa peanH3aUHH cTpaTerHH DOCTH*eHHH 3DOPOBbH DflH scex K 2000 r., KOTOpHe BHXODHT 3a paMKH ceKTOpa 3Dpasooxpa- HeHHH (HanpHMep, nonO*HTenbHOe BflHHHHe Ha npoMblllJneHHOCTh, ceMbID H T.D.); OHH DOfl*HH cny*HTb apryMeHTOM npH nonHTKax 3apyqHThCH nODDeP*KOR noTeHuHanhHHX napTHepos. o Heo6XODHMO nepecMOTpeTb MexaHH3MH $HHaHCHPOBaHHH B uenHX BHnonHeHHH nonHTHKH DOCTH*eHHH 3DOpOBbH DflH scex K 2000 r. ~pyrHMH cnosaMH, $HHaHCHPOBaHHe ,DOfl*HO 6HTb onpaBDaHo O*HDaeMHMH pe3ynhTaTaMH B uenoM, B TO speMH KaK $HHaHCHPOBaHHID OTDenbHHX KOMnoHeHTOB MeDHUHHCK oro oOcny~HBaHHH He DOfl*HO npHDaBaTbCH nepBOCTeneHH Oe 3HaqeHHe. 0 Bo MHOrHX CTpaHax omymaeTCH He06XODHMOCTb H3Me HHTb H ycosepweHCTBOBaTb HH¢opMaUHOHHHe CHCTeMH . B HaCTOHmee BpeMH HeKOTOpHe CHCTeMH He MOryT nODTBepDHTb ¢aKT pacnpeDeneHHH pecypcoB B COOTBeTCTBHH C cornacoBaHHbMH npHOPHTeTaMH. o nonHTHKa DOCTH*eHHH 3DOPOBbH DnH scex K 2000 r. MO*e T HMeTb HenpeDBHDeHH~e 3KOHOMHqecKHe nocneDCTBHH, KOTOpHe noTpe6ywT cneuHanhHoro H3yqeHHH. MOryT nOMOqb cueHapHH. 11 B 3TOM cnyqae MexaHH3MH MHoroceKTOpanbHOro COTPYDHHqecTBa nepeD o6CY*.D.eHHeM 3 T o ro sonpoca yqacTHHKaM KoH¢epeHUHH 6HnH npeDCTasneHH ,DBa ,DOKnaDa: O,DHH H3 HHX no.n Ha3Ba HHeM "MHoroceKTOpanbHOe y "!aC Tlle B oxpaHe 3.DOPOBbH Ha cene HIIH - OCHOBHOe ycnOBHe ,DOCTH*eHHH 3DOPOBbH ,nnR Bcex K 2000 r." 6Hn HanHCaH ,n-poM o .n. [llenHHblM, aBT OpOM BT o p o r o "Me*CeK- TOpanbHOe COTPYDHHqecTBO B o6naCTH 3DpasooxpaHeHHH: nono*eHHe B cTpaHax c .neuettTpanH30BaHHOR n on nTHqecKo l1 CTPYKTypoR " 6Hn r-H C. Kleiber. 23 B nepaoM noKnane conep*anoch onHcaHHe on~Ta CCCP H OblJlH n o llqepKHYT~ cnenywmHe OCHOBH~e MOMeHT~. Pa3BHTHe MeUHKo-caHHTapHOA noMomH B MHpe B HaCTOHmee apeMff xapaKTepH3yeTCff TeM, qTO opHeHTaUHff Ha MeUHUHHCKOe neqeH11e YCTynaeT MeCTO KOMMyHanhHOMY o6mecTBeHHOMY 3TO ffBneHHe THnHqHo nnff COUHanHCTHqeCKHX cTpaH, rue rocyuapcTBeHH~e CHCTeM~ 3UpaaooxpaHeHHff HanpaaneH~ Ha nonllep*aHHe H HeyKnOHHOe ynyqweHHe 3llOPOBhff Hapona 11 06ecneqeH11e onTHManhH~x ycnOBHA nnH paOoT~, llOCyra H B~nonHeHHff llOMaWHHX 06H3aHHOCTeA, nnff pocTa HaPOllOHaceneHHff, rapMOHHqHoro $H3HqecKoro H llYXOBHOro pa3BHTHff qenoaeKa H nonroA aKTHBHOA *H3HH Ka*noro qneHa o6mecTBa. Bee 3TO CTano B03MO*HhlM Onarollapff yqaCTHID HaceneHHff a npouecce npHHHTHff peweHHff no aonpocaM 3UpaaooxpaHeHHff. B CCCP nonHOUeHHO peanH3yeTCff MHOroceKTopanhH~A nOllXOll K npoOneMe oxpaH~ H yKpenneHHff 3llOPOBbff H yqacTHff rOCYllapCTBa H o6mecTBeHH~X opraHH3aUHA B neHTenhHOCTH B o6nacTH 3UpaaooxpaHeHHff; a ocHoae 3Toro nonxona ne*HT COOTBeTCTBYKlllee 3aKOHOUaTenhCTBO . KOOPllHHaUHff Me*llHCUHn- nHHapH= MeponpHffTHA pa3nHqH~X MHHHCTepcTB H BeUOMCTB oc ymecTBnffeTCff HeCKOnhKHMH HenpaBHTenhCTBeHHhlMH opraHH3aUHffMH, B TOM q11cne nenyTaTCKHMH KOMHCCHffMH no 3UpaaooxpaHeHHID II cou11anhHOMY o6ecneqeHHID (Ha acex rocyuapCTBeHH~X ypOBHffX OT MeCTH~X CoaeTOB no BepxOBHOro CoaeTa CCCP), HcnonHHTenhHhlMH KOMHTeTaMH CoBeTOB HaPOllH~X nenyTaTOB, rocynapCTBeHHhlMH nnaHOBhlMH KOMHCCHffMH CCCP H coID3H~x pecny6nHK, opraHaMH 3upaaooxpaHeHHff Ha acex ypoBHffX H Me*BeUOMCTBeHHhlM COBeTOM npH MHHHCTepcTBe 3npaaooxpaHeHHff CCCP. B CoaeTCKOM Cow3e o6mecTBeHHoe 3upaaooxpaHeH11e , Oyny= qacThID HaponHoro X03HACTaa, pa3a11aaeTcff cornacHo r oc ynapcTBeHHOMY nnaHy, KOTOp~A COCTaBnffeTCff Ha HayqHOA OC HOBe H HanpaaneH Ha ynoaneTBOpeHHe B MaKCHManhHO B03MO*IOA CTeneHH pacTymux noTpeOHOCTeA HaceneHHff B B~COKOKaqecTBeHHOA MellHUHHCKOA nOMOmH, Oa3HPYIOOleACff Ha 3$$eKTHBHOA nuarHOCTHKe, neqeHHH H npo$HnaKTHKe. HayqHaff ocHoaa nnaHHpoaaHHff o6ecneqHaaeTcff c noMomhID WHPOKOro H3yqeHHff n o Tpe6HOCTeA B MellHUHHCKOM o6cny*HBaHHH H Kallpax 3llpaaooxpa tteHHff, Harpy3KH nepcoHana MellHUHHCKHX yqpe*lleHHA, 3KO HOMHqec KOA 3$~eKTHBHOCTH o6mecTBeHHOro 3npaaooxpaHeHHff H neMorpa$HqeCKHX TeHneHUHA B H3MeHeHHH 3a6oneaaeMOCTH. Oco6~A HHTepec npellcTaBnffIDT cneuuanhH~e 3KC n epHMe HT a nh~H e HccnellOBa HHff. 2 4 ,UoKyMeHTbl "KoMnJleKCHaR nporpaMMa pa6OT no YCHJleHHIO npotHJlaKTHKH 3a6OJ1eBaHHA H yKpenneHHIO 3nopOBbR HaceneHHR CCCP Ha nepHon no 1990 r." H "KoMnneKcHaR nporpaMMa Hay,1Ho- TexHHQecKoro nporpecca B CCCP Ha nepHon no 2005 r: RBJlRIOTCR OTJlHQHblMH npHMepaMH MHOroceKTOpaJlbHblX nporpaMM H KOHKpeTil o ro nnaHHPOBaHHR 3anaq B O6JlaCTH npoMbllllJleHHOCTH, COUHaJlbHOro pa3BHTHR H ctepax, CBR3aHHblX co 3npaaooxpaHeHHeM. npH peweHHH npo6neM 3npaaooxpaHeHHR npHMeHeHHe Me*CeKTOpaJlbHOro nonxona B COQeTaHHH C MenHKO-6HOJlOrHQeCKHMH HccnenoaaHHRMH H naJlbHeAWHM pa3BHTHeM MenHUHHCKoro o0CJlY*HBaHHR caMblM nOJlO*HTeJlbHblM o0pa3OM BJlHReT Ha COCTORHHe 3nopOB bR HaceneHHR H CJlY*HT onHHM H3 OCHOBHblX YCJlOBHA peantt3aUHH cTpaTerHH B03, HanpaaneHHoA Ha nocTH*eHHe 3nopoBbR nn11 acex K 2000 r. BTopoA noKnan KacaeTcR rnaBHblM o6pa3oM cTpaH, nnR KOTOpblX xapaKTepHa neueHTpaJlH3aUHR H nn10paJ1HCTHQeCKHA nonxon K 3npaaooxpaHeHHIO. B HeM npHBeneH npttMep U!BeAUapHH H paCCMOTpeHbl cneny10111He acneKTbl. Me*ceKTOpaJlbHOe COTPYnHHQeCTBO , no BCeA BepORTHOCTH, npencTaBJlReT co6oA ODHH H3 HaH6onee nepcneKTHBHblX MeTono B pa3peweHHR Tex npOTHBOpeqHA, KOTOpble xapaKTepH3YIOT 3KOHOMHKY 3npaaooxpaHeHHR B EBpone. 8 HaCTORlJlee BpeMR Me*CeKTCpaJlbHaR neRTeJlbHOCTb B uenoM HenocTaTOQHO pa3BHTa B CTpaHax C neueHTpaJlH3OBaHHOA nOJlHTHQeCKOA CTPYKTypoA, rne nOJlHOMO4HR, CBR3aHHble c npHHRTHeM peweHHA, pa36pocaHbl, a anMHHHCTpaTHBl-!ble, 3KOHOMHQeCKHe H nOJlHTHQeCKHe O6R3aHHOCTH qacTO ny6JlHPYIOTCR. B TaKHX CTpaHax Me*CeKTopaJlbHOe COTpynHHQeCTBO BCTpeqaeT onpeneneHHOe conpoTHBJleHHe: HHTenneKTYaJlbHoro xapaKTepa; MHoroceKTopanbHble neACTBHR CJlO*Hbl H Tpe6y!OT noHHMaHHR H B3aHMoneAcT- BHR, O6yCJ1OBJ1eHHble HenpHBblQHblM o6pa3OM MblCJleA; nonHTHQecKoro xapaKTepa ; MHOroceKTOpaJlbHble neACTBHR 3aTparHBalOT anMHHHCTpaTHBHble HepapxHH H MoryT noaneqb 3a co6oA nepepacnpeneneHHe anacT11; ncttxonorHqecKoro xapaKTepa; MHoroceKTopanbHble neACTBHR He Bb13blBalOT HHTepe ca B YCJlOBHRX, Korna npeBaJlHpyeT "HHCTHTYUHOHaJlbHblA Ha pltH CCH 3 M". 8 rocynapCTBax, xapaKTepH3YIOIIIHXCR neueHTpaJlH 3O Ba HH O A CTPYKTypoA, MHOroceKT OpaJlbHble neACTBHR OCJlO*HRIOTCR pacnblJleHHeM nOJlHOMO4HA, HaJlH4HeM CMewaHH OA 3 KO HOMHKll II MHO*eCTBeHHblX HH O rna KO HKYPHPYIOIIIHX HHTepe cO B. 25 B CBeTe 3THX 06CTORTenbCTB nporpaMMbl MHoroceKTOpdnbHOA DeRTenbHOCTH, KOTOplie ceAqac see 60nbWe npHBneKa~T K ce6e BHHMdHHe B CHny cospeMeHHOro orpaHHqe HHR cpeDCTB, DOn*Hli: 0 c caMoro Haqana CTdBHTb TdKHe ceKTopanbHlie 3dDaqH, KOTOplie 6li 6linH KdK MO*HO MeHee dHTarOHHCTHqHli no OTHOWeHH~ DPYr K DPYrY; 0 6liTb dDdnTHPOBdHli K MeCTHblM noTpe6HOCTRM H C~CTBy~mHM n on HTHqeCKHM, KynbTYPHblM H DPYrHM ycnOBHRM; 0 H3BneKdTb nonb3Y H3 "HHCTHTYUHOHdnbHOro HdPUHCCH3Ma", He nliTdRCb BeCTH c HHM 60pb6y; o npecneDOBdTb uenH, KOTOplie OTHOCRTCR He TOnbKO K 3DPdBOOxpa HeHH~, c TeM qT06li paCWHpRTb MdCWTa6~ nporpaMMbl H noompRTb napTHepos BHe ceKTOpa 3DPdBOOxpaHeHHR; 0 ynpasnRTbCR Ha OCHOBe 06beDHHeHHOrO npeDCTdBHTenbCTBa, C npORBneHHeM DOn*HOro ysa*eHHR K npasy Kd)l(,[lOro H3 3dHHTepecosaHHliX ceKTOPOB npHHHMdTb peweHHR. noMHMO 3dDaq, HMe~mHx OTHOWeHHe K 3DPdBOoxpaHeHH~, nporpaMMbl MHOroceKTOpanbHliX DeACTBHA HMe~T 60nbwoe BOCnHTaTenbHOe 3HaqeHHe H CMOryT nocTeneHHO cnoco6cTBOBdTb TOMY, qT06li pa3nHqHlie ceKTOPli B CTPdHe yqHTliBdnH B caoeA DeRTenbHOCTH HHTepecli 3DPdBOoxpaHeHHR. * * * 3TH DBd "KaTanHTHqecKHX" DOKnaDa noaneKnH 3d C060A WHPOKYW DHCKYCCH~, B XODe KOTOpoA yqaCTHHKH noDqepKHBdnH, qTQ ''npeDCTOHT eme npoATH DnHHHliA nyTb" . ElinH C~OpMynHpOBd Hli cneDY~He BliBOD~- 0 26 B HdCT ORmee apeMR B CTPdHdX cy mecTBYWT pa3Hlie nyTH COTPYDH Hq eCTBd Me*DY ceKTOPOM 3DPdBOOxpaHeHHR H HeKoToplie H3 HHX pacnonarawT C HnbHblMH O~HUHdnb HliMH MexaHH3MdMH DnR o6ec n eqe HHR IIH TerpHpOBd HHOro COUHdnbH0-3KOHOMHqecKoro pd3BHTHR, Bd*HliM KOMnOHeHTOM KOTOporo RBnReTCR 3DOPOBbe. B DPYrHX 3TH MexaHH3M~ MeHee BliPd*eH~, a Heo6xo,QHMl:,Je KOOPDH HdUHOHHlie ~YHKUHH B~nonHHWT nonHTHqeCKHe, npaBOBHe, 3KOHOMHqecKHe H $HHaHCOBHe CTpyKTypH H npoueccH. HaKoHeu, s HeKOTopHx rocynapcTsax-qneHax perynHpywmyw ponh HrpaIDT 3aKOHH PHHKa H napTHepH nocTHrawT cornaweHHR nyTeM neperosopos, ToprosHx cnenoK, pa3pa60TKH CHCTeM~ CTHMYnHpOBaHHR H T.n. o qTo6H nonyqHTb npencTasneHHe o TOM, KaK pa3nHqHHe ceKTOpH MoryT COTpynHHqaTb s peweHHH npo6neM, KaCaIDmHXCR 3nopOBbR HaceneHHR, HYlKHO OTBeTHTb no KpaAHeA Mepe Ha cnenywmHe sonpoc~. 8 KaKoA CTeneHH ceKTOP 3npasooxpaHeHHR B HaCTORmee speMR nonh3yeTCR KOHcynbTaUHRMH npyrHx ceKTopos? 8 KaK OA CTeneHH CeKTOp 3npasooxpaHeHHR KOHTpOnHpyeT neRTenhHOCTb npyrHX ceKTOpOB H BMeWHBaeTCR B Hee, Korna peqb HneT O 3DOP0Bbe HaceneHHR? KoHcynbTHpyeTCR nH caM ceKTOP C DPYrHMH napTHepaMH, Korna ero neRTenbHOCTb HOCHT "sHeceKTopanbHHA" xapaKTep HnH HYlKnaeTCR B coneACTBHH MHOrHX npyrHX CTOPOH? CymecTByIDT nH KaKHe-nH60 MHOroceKTOpanbH~e nporpaMMH, BKnwqawmtte 3neMeHT~ 3ppasooxpaHeHHH? KTO npoRBnReT HHHUHaTHBY H ocymecTBnReT PYKOBODCTBO? KaK npencTasneH ceKTOP 3ppasoox- paHeHHR B TaKHX COBMeCTH~X MeponpHRTHRX? 0 ~nR MHOrHX CTpaH npHOPHTeTH~MH HanpasneHHRMH MelKCeKTOpanhHOro COTPYnHHqecTBa B npouecce $opMynHpOBaHHR nonHTHKH, nO-BHDHMOMY, RBnRID1 C R nttmesHe nponyKT~ H nHTaHHe, COTPYllHHqecTBO cnylK6 3ppasooxpaHeHHR H couHanbHOA noMomH, sonpoc~ HapKOMaHHH, rHrHeHH Tpyna, npenynpelKneHHR Hecqa c THHX cnyqaes, lKHnHmHoe CTPOHTenbCTBO H OKpylKawmaR c pena. 0 06R3aHHOCTH H MeponpHRTHR, BHnonHReMHe B paMKax COTPYllHHqecTBa pa3HHX ceKTOPOB, nOMOraIDT onpenenRTb COOTBeTCTBYIDWHA ypoBeHb PYKOBOllCTBa. TaK, HanpHMep, B MaCWTa6ax CTpaH~ 3TOMY cnoco6cTByIDT npaBOBHe, anMHHHCTpaTHBHHe opraHH H c$epa pacnpeneneHHR pecypco s. C npyroA CTOPOH~, B03MOlKHO, yno6Hee nonb30BaTbCR pa3nH'lHblMH THnaMH KOHcynbTaUHA Ha MeCTHOM YPO BHe. 0 B HaCTORmee spe MR qacTO He xsaTaeT HaBHK O B H o nHTa B o6naCTH MHOroceKTOpanbHOro COTPYllHHqecTBa H KOOPllHHaU~llf, XOTR HanHqHe B 6pHranax , pa6oTaJOU;HX B KalKDOM OTDe nb11 0 M 27 CeKTOpe, npeDCTaBHTeneA MHOrHX DHCUHnnHH B npHHUHne DOn*HO o6ner4HTb DHanor. o OoMeH cneuHanHcTaMH a oonacTH ynpaaneHHR H nnaHHpoaa HHR Me*DY ceKTOpaMH npHHOCHT HeCOMHeHHyID nonb3Y, TaK KaK OH o 6ecne4HBaeT oonee pa3HOCTOPOHHHe B3rnRD~ H 06ner4aeT COTPYDHH4eCTBO. O Ycnex MHOroceKTopanbHOro COTPYDHH4eCTBa B03MO*eH TOnbKO B TOM cnyqae, ecnH B~RaneH~ H nODBeprnHCb TmaTenbHOMY OOCY*DeHHID ace KOH$nHKT~ H npOTHBOpe4HR H C03Da~TCR COOTBeTCTBYIOlllHe CHCTe~ CTHMynHpOBaHHR 3aHHTepecoaaHHOCTH. 0 CneDyeT C03DaBaTb Me*ceKTopanbH~e CHCTeM~ pa3BHTHR 3DpaaooxpaHeHHR H BCR4eCKH noompRTb HX. Ocoooe BHHMaHHe He06XODHMO YDenHTb B~RBneHHID nyTeA COT PYDHH4eCTBa Me*DY ceKTopaMH B CTpaHax C nn~panHCTH4eCKHMH $OpMaMH 3KOHOMHKH. 0 CneDyeT npeDYCMOTpeTb cpeDCTBa DnR KOMneHCaUHH HeK OTOp~x HeDOCTaTKOB ceKTOpa 3DpaaooxpaHeHHR no cpaaHeHHID c DPYrHMH CeKTOpaMH. HanpHMep, 4T00~ cornacoaaHHaR HeCKOnbKHMH ceKTOpaMH nonHTHKa CTana OOR3aTenbHOA, MO*HO oOpaTHTbCR K 3aKOHy; KPOMe Toro , He OOX ODHMO c oco6~ BHHMaHHeM OTHeCTHCb K aonpocy o T OM, KaKy~ nOMOmb MO*eT OKa3aTb ceKTOP 3DpaaooxpaHeHHR DPYrHM ceKTOpaM, H HaooopoT . 0 ~nR CTHMynHpOBaHHR DPYrHX ceKTOPOD H noompeHHR HX C07PYDHH4eCTBa MO*HO Hcnonb30BaTb 3KOHOM114eCKHe DOBOD~, DeMOHCTPHPY~mHe B~rODY HHBeCTHUHA B 3DpaaooxpattettHe. 0 Co apeMeHH~e $HHaHCOB~e CHCTe~ HepeDKO OKa3~Ba~T c o npOT HBneHHe MHOroceKTopanbHOMY COTPYDHH4eCTBY, HX CM ymaeT cnO*HOCTb B3aHMOOTHOWeHHA Me*DY ceKTOpaMH H OTC YTCTBHe rHOKOCTH. 0DHH H3 nyTeA o6ner4eHHR TaKoro COTPYDHH4eCTBa - 3aKnID4eHHe cornaweHHA O COBMeCTHOM $HHaHCHPOBaHHH KaKHx-nHOO MeponpHRTHA. O 3aK O HODaTenbCTBO - ODHH H3 aa*HeAWHX 3neMeHTOB Me*CeKTOpanbHOro COTPYDHH4eCTBa: 04eBHDHO, 4TO ecnH 3aKOH DeACTByeT TOnbKO B npeDenax ODHOrO ceKTOpa, 3TO He 6yDeT c n oco 6cTBOBaTb COTPYDHH4eCTBy . H Ha06opoT, l< OrDa npo MynbrHPYIDT 3aKOH~, O OCY*DeHHR H cno p~ 3 a HHTepec o aaHH~X CTOPOH MO* HO C4HTaTb nonO*HTenbH~ ~aKT OPOM. KpoMe Toro , n o nHTHKa D OC TH*eHHR 3DOPOBbR 28 ,nnR acex xapaKTepy 6naro,napF! CBOeMy MHOr oceK TOpanb HOMY Tpe6yeT nepecMoTpa cymecTaywmHx 3aKoHo,naTenhCTB B o6nacTH 3,npaaooxpa HeHHF!. O B03 cne,nyeT HHTeHCH$HUHPOBaTb CBOH ycHnHF! B yKpenneHHH H no,n,nep•aHHH MHOroceKTOpanbHOro COTpy,nHHqecTBa B OT,nenbH~X CTpaHax. o Bo3MO•Ho, uenecoo 6pa3Ho, qTo6H Eapone AcKoe perHOHanbHoe 6wpo B03 06,nyMano aonpoc o pac npe,neneHHH on~Ta pa3H~x cTpaH B o6nacTH MHoroceKTopanbHoro COTpy,nHHqecTBa, a Ha KaKOM-TO 3Tane 3aHF!nOCb TaK•e B~BH•eHHeM 3TOA npo6ne~ B KaqecTBe KOHKpeTHOro 06beKTa ,nnF! ,nHCKYCCHA Ha ceMHHape HnH coaemaHHH. PyKOBO,nCTBO nnaHHpoBaHHeM H ynpaaneHHeM B ceKTOpe 3,npaaooxpaHeHHF! YnOMF!HYT~e B~we ,noKna.n~ 0 MHOroceKTOpanbHOM coTpy,nHHqecTBe noaneKnH 3a co6oA o6cy•.neHHe a onpoca o pyKOBO,nCTBe nnaHHpOBaHHeM H ynpaaneHHeM B CeKTOpe 3,npaaooxpaHeHHF!. nHCKYCCHH cocpe,nOTOqHnHCb BOKpyr cne,ny~HX TeM: yqacTBYIDmHe CTOpOH~, HCToqHHKH nonHOMOqHA, ponh H 3a,naqH pyKOBO,nCTBa, B qacTHOCTH C TOqKH 3peHHR Me•ceKTopanbHOro coTpy,nHHqecTBa B c$epe 3,npaaooxpa HeHHF!. HH•e npHBe,neH~ OCHOBH~e H3 B~CKa3aHH~X coo6pa•eHHA. 0 CTHnb PYKOBO,nCTBa B 3HaqHTenbHOA Mepe o npe,nenF!eTC F! THnOM CTPYKTYP~ CHCTe~ 3,npaaooxpaHeHHF!, B qacTHOCTH CTeneHbID ueHTpanH3aUHH HnH .neueHTpanH3aUHH. 0 B HaCTOF!Wee BpeMF! PYKOBO,nCTBO qame Bcero, n O-BH,nHMOMY, orpaHHqHaaeTCR opra HH3auHeA Mep 6oph6~ c n ocne,ncTBlffiMH KpH3HCa. B 6y,nymeM pyKOBO.nHTenH ,non•H~ yMeTb npe,nycMaTpHBaTb KPH3HCHYID CHTyaUHID H npe,nnpHHHMaTb COOTBeTCTBY~He warH. 0 npyroA npHHUHnHanbHOA $YHKUHeA PYKOBO,nCTBa .nonmHO 6~Tb o6ecneqeHHe H no,n,nepmaHHe ,nHanora Mem,ny oT,nen hH~H CTOPOHaMH H ceKTOpaMH, BKnIDqaF! op raHH3 0 BaHH~e rpynn~ HaceneHHR H o6mecTB e HH OC Th B uenoM . 0 P o nb PYKOBO,nCTBa MO•eT nepHO,nHqecKH MeHRTbCR B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT B03HHKaIDWHX npo6 n e M, 3a,naq H n o nHTHqecKHX ycnOBHA. HHor,na npH MH OroceKTOpanhHOM COTpy,nHHqeCTBe pyKOBO,nCTBO MOmeT nepeATH OT ceKT Opa 3,npaaooxpa HeHHF! K ,npyroMy ceK Topy. 29 • o Ba*H~A acneKT pyKosoncTBa B ceKTope 3npasooxpaHeHHR COCTOHT B nocTaHOBKe 3anaq nepen npyrHMH ceKTOpaMH; npH MHOroceKTOpanbHOM COTPYnHHqeCTBe PYKOBOncTBO non*HO noMOqb qeTKO onpenenHTb 06R3aHHOCTH pa3nHqHbl)C yqpe*neHHA, CTHMYnHPOBaTb pa3pa60TKY noKa3aTeneA, CBR3aHH~X co 3npasooxpaHeHHeM, B poncTBeHH~X eMy ceKTopax H o6ecneqHsaTb B~nonHeHHe peweHHA, s~OpaHH~x B KaqecTBe o6meA cTpaTerHH. 6ynywHe nonxon~ K nnaHHPOBaHHW H ynpasneHHW B ceKTope 3npasooxpaHeHHR CooomeHHR no onHoMy H3 acneKTOB TaKHX nonxonos, a HMeHHO no HCnOnb30BaHHW cueHapHeB B nnaHHpOBaHHH 3npasooxpaHeHHR,6blJlH cnenaH~ Ha KoH~epeHUHH n-poM G.Dahlgren Hr-HOM M. Laqergren (Ha OCHOBaHHH on~Ta WBeUHH), n-pa c.o . Pannenbor9 (Ha OCHOBaHHH on~Ta HHnepnaHnos) H n-poM M. Murtomaa (Ha ocHoBaHHH on~Ta $HHnRHnHH) . HeKOTOp~e CTpaH~ npencTaBHnH CBOH cooomeHHR no naHH OMy Bonpocy B nHCbMeHHOM BHne. MaTepHan nnn HnnwcTpauHA 6~n B3RT H3 npo6neMH~x o6nacTeA, CBR3aHH~X c npoueccOM CTapeHHR HaceneHHR, o6pa30M *H3HH, OHKOnOrHqeCKHMH 3aOoneBaHHRMH H Oone3HRMH cepnua, H npencTasneH rpynnaM no Haqana nHcKycCHH. B~cTynaBWHe CTpeMHnHCb B~RBHTb B03MO*HOCTH H orpaHHqeHHR TaKoro nonxona, KaK HCnonb30BaHHe cueHapHeB sooOme , ero noTeHuHanbH~e npeHMymecTBa H HenocTaTKH. nonxon, npHHRT~A B WBeUHH, nponeMOHCTpHpOBan COOTBeTCTBHe nonrocpoqHoro nnaHHPOBaHHR CTpaTerHH noCTH*eHHR 3nopoBbR nnn acex. B ueHTpe cooomeHHR H3 HHnepnaHnos O~nH MeTononorHqecKHe acneKT~ pa3pa6oTKH cueHapHeB H o6cyxmancn BOnpoc O TOM, KaK MO*HO COOTHeCTH cueHapHH C npoueccaMH nonHTHqecKoro nnaHHPOBaHHR. Ha npHMepe $HHnRHnHH CTano RCHO, KaK ycTaHaBnHBaeTCR KoppenRUHR Me*nY cueHapHRMH, CTpaTerHRMH H nnaHaMH. ~HCKYCCHR TaK*e noKa3ana, qTO TaKOA MeTon paHee c ycnexoM npHMeHnncn B ceKTope 3npasooxpaHeHHR H npHHec nonb3Y B npyrHx ceKTopax. MeTo n~ ~OpMynHpOBaHHR nonrocpoqHOA nonHTHKH B oOnaCTH 3npasooxpaHeHHR B HHnepnaHnax, $HHnnHnHH H WBeUHH B uenoM onHHaK OB ~, onHaKO HeKOTOp~e pa3nHqHR cymecTByWT. On~T WB eUHH MO*HO CqHTaTb npHMepoM WHPOKOA pa3pa60TKH CTpaTerHH, npHY e M B HaCTORWHA MOMeHT K cueHa pHHM B 3TOA CTpaHe npaKTHq ecK H He npH6erawT. n o nxon HHnepnaHnos npencTasnneT C060A 60nbwe MeTononorHqeCKHA 3KCnepHMeHT B OT HOWeHHH npHMe HeHHH cueHapHeB B nonHTHY eCKOM nnaHHPOBaHHH, npHHRTHH 30 peweHHA H npouecce nnaHHposaHHR. ~HHnRHDHR npencTa BHna caM~A qeTKHA npHMep npouenypH~x KoppenRUHA cue HapHes, CTpaTerHA H nnaHOB, He nonMeHRR npH 3TOM ODHO npyrHM. * * * nHCKYCCHR Ha 3TY TeMy nononHRnacb npHMepaMH Hcnonb30BaHHR cueHapHes s oO nacTH nonHTHKH 3npasooxpaHeHHR B ~enepaTHBHOA PecnyOnHKe repMaHHH H CoenHHeHH= WTaTax AMepHKH. CseneHHR H3 CWA 3acTaBHnH HeCKOnbK O ycoMHHTbCR B uenecoo0pa3HOCTH npHMeHeHHR cueHapHeB, s OCHOBY KOTOP~X nono*eH~ orpaHHqeHH~e HnH opHeHTHposaHH~e Ha onHo 3aOonesaHHe Te~, HanpHMep OHKonorHqecKHe HnH cepneqHo- cocynHcT~e Oone3HH. 8 03MO* HO, B ueHTpe cueHapHR non*H~ O~Tb Oonee o6mHe taKTOP~ pa3BHTHR 3npasooxpa HeHHR, HMewmHe cTpaTerHqecKoe 3HaqeHHe H nawmHe npencTasne HHe o KapT HH e 3npasooxpaHeHHR s ueno M. Hcnonb30BaHHe cueHapHes s ~Pr s 1980-1981 rr. c uenhw cnocoOcTsosaTb pa3sHTHW Kanpos 3DpasooxpaHeHHR B KaKoA-TO CTeneHH DOKa3ano, qTo 3 TOT MeTOD He OyneT HMeTb OT3ByKa B oOnaCTH nonHTHKH 3npasooxpaHeHHR no Tex nop , noKa OH He OyneT sH enpe H H nonHOCTbW npHHRT Ha BOOP Y*eHHe B KaqecTBe nononHHTenbHOro HHCTpyMeHTa WHPOKHX, ny6nHqH~X H 6onbweA qacTbW OTKP~T~X nonHTHqecKHX cnopos, H na*e KOHtnHKTOB. Ha yqacTHHK OB DHCKyccHH Oonbwoe sneqaTneHHe npoH3sena pa6oTa , npo nena HHa.R B HHnepnaHnax, ocoOeHHO Tpe3 BOe H DOCTaTQqH O OCTOPO~ Hoe OTHOWeHHe K B03MO*H~ npouenypH~ HenocTa TK aM cueHapHes, npHMeHRe~x 6e3 WHpOKOro 06Cy JK,UeHHR. YqacTHHKH DHCKY CC HH nonHOCTbW OC03HanH, KaKyw o naCH OCTb sneKyT 3a co6oA cnenaHH~e s pe3ynbTaTe Hcno nb3 0Ba HHR cueHapHeB qepecqyp WHPOK He B~BOD~ HnH nO*H~e npor H03~ . 6onbwe scero onHaKo rosopHnocb o TOM, KaK orpa HH qe H~ HMewmHeCR cseneHHR O sepoRTHOM B3aHMoneAC TBHH Me~ny 3annaHttposaHHOA nepeMeH OA H HenpenBHDeHH~MH, HO 3 a MeTH~H npoueccaMH s oomecTse H 3KO HOMHKe. TeM He MeHee cue Ha p Htt npencTaBnRWTCR ueHH~ HHCTpyMeHTOM, nononHRWmHM B0 3MO~H OCTH no3HaHHR neACTBHTenbHOCTH H no3sonRwmHM yc o sepweHCTBOBaTb nonyqeHHe HHtopMaUHH, KOTopa R HrpaeT B 3 TOM OT HOWe HHH Knwqesyw p onb. 3 TOT MeTOD B 3HaqttT e nbHOA Mepe CTHMynupyeT TexHoKpaTHqecKtte opra H~ nnaHttpo saHHR s o6 n aCT H 3Dpas ooxpa HeHHR B HX CTpeMne HHH secTH CHOW pa6 o Ty B COOT BeTCT BHH C nonHTHqe c KHMH n poueccaMH, KOTOp oe Hy ~n ae TCR 31 8 o.ooope HHH, eCJJH CTaBIITCR 3a,oa<Ja ,OOCTl-f)t(eHHR 3.0OPOBbR .OJJR scex K 2000 r. OTJJH'laRCb ,opyr OT ,opyra no MeTo.oaM H npoue.oypaM ueJJbW no.ox o.oos, 11cnoJ1b3yeM~X B HH,oepnaH.oax, ~HHJJRH.OHH H Wseu1111,6~a o6maR 'leTKaR 3a,oa<Ja HCnOJJb3OBaTb HaueneHH~e Ha nepcneKTHBHYW pa6oTy .OOKyMeHTaUHW, cueHap1111 H nn a H~ B Ka'leCTBe CTHMyJJa ,OJ!R o6mecTBeHHOrO O6Cy)t(,OeHHR nOJJIITHKH B O6 JlaCTH 3,opaeooxpaHeHHR. TaKHM o6pa3OM, KaKOA 6~ MeTO.O HH npHMeHRJlCR, He O0XO.OHMO, 'lTO0~ ero MO)t(HO o~no n o nynRpH3HPOBaTb cpe,OCTBaMH MaCCOBOA HH~OpMaUHH H B .oanbHeAweM O6Cy)t(,Oa Tb Ha nOJJHTH'leCKHX .OHCKyCCHRX. Ha KoH~epeHUHH 6~Jl c.oenaH B~BO.O, 'lTO cne.oyeT npHJJO)t(HTb yCHJlHR, oco0e HHO EeponeACKOMY perHOHaJlbHOMY 0wpo, K .oaJJbHeAweMy pa3BHTHW npHMeHeHHR cueHapHeB H no3a6OTHTbCR O TOM, 'lTO6~ 3TOT MeTO.O He CTan eme O.0HHM MexaHH3MOM "npo~eCCHOHaJJH3Hpo- BaHHOro" uepapx11qecKoro npouecca nnaH11poeaHHR, orpaHmeHHoro Y3KHM KpyroM nw.oeA. TaKoA no.oxo.o .oon)t(eH, no eceA eepORTHOCTH , ocymecTBJJRTbCR no.o PYKOBO,OCTBOM cneu11aJ1HCTOB, HO He no.o .uaeneHHeM C HX CTOPOH~. He ynycKaR 113 BH.OY 3TO o6CTORTeJJbCTBO , PerHOHaJlbHOe 6wpo Morno 6~ cnoco0cTeoeaTb HaqaeweMyCR npoueccy np11Me HeH11R c ueH ap11ee , ecm-1 o~ OHO eo3rnae11no pa0oTy no c6opy HeO6XO.OHMOrO .OJJR HCCJle,OOBaHHA MaTep11ana, Op HeHTHpo eaHH= Ha 0y,oymHe noTpe6HOCTH, H npe.oocTaBneHHW 3TOro MaTepHaJJa HCCJle,OOBaTeJJRM. TaKHM HCCne.ooeaHHRM npHHeceT nOJJb3Y He TOJlbKO pa3pa6OTKa HOB~X MeTO,OOB, HOH Me)t(,OyHapo,oH~e cpaeHeHHR .oaHH~X H O6MeH on~TOM. HaKOHeu, PerHOHaJlbHOe Owpo MO)t(eT OKa3aTb nOMOmb B npeo.ooneHHH TPY.OHOCTeA npH npHMeHeHHH cueHap11ee, CBR3aHH~X c He XBaT KOA pecypcoe, Ka,opoB H HH~OpMaUHH. 6e3 TaKOA n o Mo mH cTpaH~, 11cn~T~Bawm11e .oe~HUHT nepcoHana B o0nacTH nnaHHPOBaHHR 3,opaeooxpaHeHHR, He CMOryT npHHRTb yKa3aHH~A MeTO,O . He cne.oyeT TaK)t(e 3a0~BaTb, '!TO npHMeHeHHe cueHapHeB, .oa)t(e ycnewHoe, He 3aMeHReT MexaHH3MOB, ocymecTBJJRIOO\HX B~pa0OTKY CTpaTerHA , PYKOBO,OCTBO, KOHTPOJJb, nnaHHpoeaHHe H ynpaeneH1-1e. Y'laCTHHKH KOH~epeHUHH npHWJJH K e,OHHO.OYWHOMY MHeHHW, 'lTO cue HapHH npe.ocT aBJJRWT co6oA ueHHoe .oononHeHHe K cpe,oCTBaM nporHO3HPOBaHHR, O,O HaK O e me MHOroe npe,OCTOHT c.oenaTb B TeXHH'leCKOM OTHOWeHHH. TeM He MeHee ace B~CKa3aJJHCb 3a npo ,oOJJ)t(eHHe yCHJJHA B 3TOM HanpaeJJeHHH H 3a TO, 'lTO6~ B03 n o -npe)t(HeM y n o.o.uep)t(HBaJJa n o .oo 6H~e HHHUHaTHB~ H co.oeAcTeoeana WHPOKOMy pacnpocTpaHeHHW TaKoro no.oxo.oa. Bee TaK)t(e cornaCHJlHCb C TeM, '!TO c ueHap1111 RBJJRWTCR nOJJe3HblMH .OJJR aKTHBH3a UHH o6mecTB€HH Oro HHTepeca K npoueccy npHHRTHR peweHHA no eonpocaM 3,opaeooxpaHeHHR H B MO611n113au1111 nOJJHTH'leCKOA no.o.uep)t(KH. 32 BWBO)lbl H PEKOMEH~AUHH nocne WHPOKHX O6CY*neHHA TeMbl KOH$epeHUHH o6eHMH rpynnaMH H Ha nneHapHNx 3acenaHHHX 6Nn C$OpMynHpoaaH pHn peKOMeHnauHA. 1. 06H3aTenbCTBa, npHHHTNe rocynapCTBaMH - qneHaMH B03 no $OPMYnHpoBaHHID, ocymecTaneHHID , MOHHTOpHHry H OUeHKe KOHKpeTHNX HaUHOHanbHNX CTpaTerHA pa3BHTHH 3npasooxpaHeHHH B COOTBeTCTBHH c rno6anbHbIMH H perHoHanbHbIMH CTpaTerHHMH H uenHMH nocTH*eHHH 3nopOBbH nnH scex K 2000 r., CTaBHT HeKOTOpNe CTpaHN nepen Heo6xonHMOCTbID yKpennHTb H cosepweHCTBOBaTb npoueccN nnaHHposaHHH H ynpasneHHH. 2. KoHuenuHH nnaHHposaHHH 3npasooxpaHeHHH H ynpasneHHH BKnIDqaeT see ueneHanpasneHHNe MeTonN yKpenneHHH 3nopoBbH HaceneHHH, coneAcTBHe o6ecneqeHHID HaceneHHH paBHbIM MenHUHHCKHM o6cny*HBaHHeM, nOBblllleHHe 3$$eKTHBH OC TH, neACTBeHHOCTH H KaqeCTBa CHCTeM 3npasooxpaHeHHH. OnTHManbHNA MeTon cnenyeT BN6HpaTb Ha OCHOBaHHH nocTaBneH HNX ueneA H 3anaq, a TaK*e npeo6nanaIDmHX CHTyauHOHHNX $aKTOPOB, pa3nHqHNX B pa3HNX CTpaHax H MeHHKll.\HXCH C TeqeHHeM speMeHH. 3. XOTH MexaHH3Mbl nnaHHPOBaHHH 3npasooxpaHeHHH H ynpasneHHH HM 3HaqHTenbHO OTnHqaIDTCH npyr OT npyra B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT nonHTHqecKHX H anMHHHCTpaTHBHNX CTPYKTYP rocynapCTB-qneHOB, nonHTHKa nocTH*eHHH 3nOpOBbH nnR BCex H cospeMeHHaR 3KOHOMHqecKaR CHTyauHR onpenenRIDT Heo6xonHMOCTb yKpenneHHH HaUHOHanbHNX CHCTeM nnaHHpo saHHR 3npasooxpaHeHHR H ynpasneHHH HM H opHeHTaUHH 3THX CHCTeM Ha yMeHbWeHHe onacHOCTeA nnH 3nopOBbR H yKpenneHHe COCTORHHR 3nopOBbR HaceneHHR; 3TH CHCTeMbl non*HN o6ecneqHBaT b BO3MO*HOCTb aHanH3a CTOHMOCTH-3$$eKTHBHOCTH H npHHRTHR nonrocpoqttNx pewettHA, cnoco6cTBYIDmHx yKpenneHHID 3nopoBbR H npenynpe*neHHID 6one3HeA. 4. MttoroceKTopanbttNA nonxon HrpaeT sa*HeAwyID ponb s nnattHposattHH 3npasooxpatteHHR H ynpasnettHH ero pa3B HTHeM. ~nH peanH3aUHH CTpaTer HA nocTH*eHHH 3nOpOBbR nnR Bcex 6onbWHHCTBY rocynapc Ts-qneH OB npencTOHT 3Ha4HTenbHO yKpenHTb npaKTHqecKHe MexaHH3MN Me*CeKTopanbHOro COTpynH H4eCTBa . CnenyeT nepeCMOTpeTb, a npH Heo6xonHMOCTH ycosepweHCTBOBaTb COOTBeTCTBYIDmH e ynpasnettqecKHe, $HHaHCOB~e, 3aKOHonaTenbHbE H npyrHe MexaHH3Mbl, KaK O<~HUHanb HNe, TaK H HeO~HUHanbH~e, Ha ueHTpanbHOM H MeCTHOM ypOBHRX. On~T H 3HaHIIR, 33 He O6XOA HMble ,nnR MH Of'OCeKTOpanbH Of'O COTPYJlHl1'leCTBa, He O6XOJ111MO pacw11pRTb nocpe)lCTBOM Hay'!HblX 11ccne)lOBaH11A 11 11cno nb3YR,HanpHMep,HenpepblBHoe O6 y'lett11e 11 no,nroTOBKY, e paNKax ttau11OHanbHOA ceT11 pa3e11T11R 3,npaeooxpaHe H11R. 5. no'lT l1 ece Cl1CTeMbl 3,npaaooxpa HeH11R OTn11'laWTCR pa3nH4HblMll CTeneHRMl1 ueHTpan11Jau1111 11 .neueHTpan113aUH11 B OT HOWeH1111 YPOBHR , Ha KOTOpOM np11H11MaWT peweHl1R 11 npo113e o,n11TcR pacnpeJ1eneH11e pecypcoa. CTpaHaM cne,nyeT CTpeMHTbCR K AOCTl1*eH11W onTl1ManbHOf'O OanaHca, KOTOpblA noMoran 6bl AOCTl1f'aTb paBHOf'O YPOBHR 3JlOPOBbR H paBHOf'O OXBaTa cny*OaM11 3,npaaooxpaHe H11R no COUHanbHOMY H reorpa~11'leCKOMY npH3HaKaM H B TO *e apeMR cnocoOCT BOBan Obi np11ene4eH11W HaceneH11R K Y43CTl1W B Meponpl1RTl1RX no JJ1paeooxpatteH11w . KaKOB Obi Hl1 Obin 6anaHc, CTpaHbl )lOn*Hbl noJaO OT HTbCR O TOM, ecn11 OHH eme He c,nenan11 3TOf'O , 4TO6bl ~YHKUH11 H O6 R33HHOCTl1 nepcoHana Ha K3*AOM ypOBHe 0blnH 'leTKO o npe,neneHbl H pacnpe,neneHbl B COOTBeTCTBl1H C ero KOMneTeHTHOCTbW, npH'leM B 3TOM npouecce )lOn*Hbl 6b1Tb 3a,neACTBOB3Hbl H 11H~OpMaUHOHHble cn~•*6bl. 6. Uenecooopa3HO H ,nanee pa3B11B3Tb 11H~OpMaUHOHHOe O6ec ne4eH11e, BKnW'laR COOTBeTCTBywmHe noKaJaTenH, '!TO n o3 BOnHT Bbl611paTb onTHManbHble CTpaTer11H, MeTO,l:lbl MOHHTOPHHf'a 11 n o eT OP HOf'O nporpaMMHPOBaHHR HaUHOHanbHblX npoueccoa pa3B11THR 3AOPOBbR ,nnR acex. TaKHM o6pa3OM, CTP3Hbl CMOf'YT pa3pa6OTaTb 0onee no,nxo,nRmHe 11 conOCT3BHMble MeTOAbl, KOTOpble MO*HO 6blnO 6bl np11MeHRTb ,nnR oueHKH 11 MOHl1TOpHHf'a ~aKTopoa, epe,nHblX ,nnR 3AOPOBbR H COCTORHHR 3,1:\OpOBbR HaceneH11R, a TaK*e 3KOHOMH'leCKOA 3~~eKTHBHOCTH nonHTHKH B o0naCTH 3,npaeooxpaHeHl1R , COOTBeTCTBYwmHX MeponpHRTHA, cny*6 H Texttonor1111. 7. HY*Hbl 3~~eKTHBHble MexaHl13Mbl o6ecne'leHHR Y'l3CTl1R MeAHU11HCKOf'O nepcoHana 11 nonb3 OBaTeneA MeAHUHHCKOf'O oocny*11BaH11R e npouecce pa3BHTl1R 3,npaaooxpa HeHHR. TaKoe Y43CTl1e MO*HO 6blnO 6bl HHTeHC11~11U11POB3Tb nyTeM C03A3HHR ABYXCTOPOHHeA 11H~OPM3UHOHHOA Cl1CTeMbl, oceemawmeA aonpoCbl non11THKl1 B O6nacT11 3,npaaooxpaHeHl1R, ~aKTOPOB, epe,nHblX ,nnR 3,nopoBbR , npoOneM 3,npaaooxpaHeH11R, 11Mewm11xcR pecypcoa 11 npenRTCTBHA, a TaK*e HY*Abl 11 JanpOCbl MeCTHOf'O HaceneH11R. 8 . B xo,ne no,nroTO BK11 nepc o Han 3,npaaooxpaHeHHR cne,nyeT o6y'laTb MeTo,naM y'leTa MHeHHA n o nb3 O BaT e neA MeA11UHHCKOf'O o6cny*HB3H11R 11 ycTaHoeneH11R aKTHBHblX pa6O'lHX B3311MOOTHOWeH11A c rpynnaM11 n o nbJ OBaTeneA. n epco ttan 3,npaeooxpaHeHHR TaK*e ,non*eH 6b1Tb O3H3 KOMneH c orpaH11'le H11RMH, o6 ycnoeneHHblMl1 34 CHTyauHeA H pacxonaMH, H yMeTb onpenenRTb BMeHeHHNe H3nep*KH, CBR3aHHNe C pa3nHqH=H CTpaTerHRMH. 9. HeoOxonHMO yaenHqHTb B03MO*HOCTH nnR Hccneno aaHHA H ynenHTb nepaooqepenHoe BHHMaHHe HccnenoaaHHRM a Tex HanpaaneHHRX, KOTOpNe oco6eHHO Ba*HN nnR pa3BHTHR HaUHOHanbHOrO 3npaaooxpaHeHHR, HanpHMep, H3yqHTb: CHTyaUHOHHNe $aKTOP~, onpenenRWmHe MeTOnN nnaHHpOBaHHR H ynpaaneHHR; MeTon~ oueHKH apenHOCTeA nnR 3nopOBbR H COCTORHHR 3nOPOBbH HaceneHHR; 3$$eKTHBH~e HH$OpMaUHOHH~e CHCTe~ 3npaaooxpaHeHHR; MeTonN onpeneneHHH 3$$eKTHBHOCTH pa3nHqHNX nonxonoa H CBR3aHH~X C HHMH 3aTpaT H B~ron; cTpaTerHH pa3BHTHH y nepcoHana 3npaaooxpaHeHHH OpHeHTaUHH Ha HY*nN HaceneHHH; pa3BHTHe HaB~KOB ynpaaneHHH; pa3BHTHe HaBNKOB Me*aenoMCTBeHHOro H Me*CeKTOpanbHOro COTpynHHqecTaa; HaBNKH npaBHnbHOro noseneHHH, B qacTHOCTH B KOH$nHKTHNX CHTyauHHx; nocnencTBHH 3KOHOMHqecKHX TPYnHOCTeA nnR COCTOHHHH 3nopOBbH HaceneHHH H ynpaaneHHH 3npaaooxpaHeHHeM; pa3BHTHe HaB~KOB $OpMynHpOBaHHR nonHTHKH; anbTepHaTHBHNe MeTon~ BN6opa CTpaTerHA. 10. npencTOHT eme MHoroe cnenaTb a o6nacTH coneAcTBHH 3HeprHqHoMy pyKosoncT ay a ceKTope 3npaaooxpa HeHHH, a qacTHOCTH B OTHOWeHHH pa3pa60TKH nanbH O BHnH oA n on HTHKH, CTHMynHpoaaHHH H KoopnHHaUHH MHOroceKTOpanbHNX HHHUHaTHB H COTPYnHHqecTBa B nene yKpenneHHH 3nopOBbR H npO$HnaKTHKH 6one3HeA. 11 . Heo6xonHMO CTHMynHpOBaTb H coaepweHCTBOBaTb npHMeHeHHe npoaepeHHNx MeTonoa n onneP*KH ynpaaneHHR H nnaHHpo aaHHH, TaKHX, HanpHMep, KaK nonrocpoqHoe nnaHHpoaa HHe, H n p H Heo6xonHMOCTH anpo6HpoaaTb HOBNe nonxonN , HanpHMep , c u eHapHH H MonenHpoaaHHe CHTyauHA B COOTBeTCTBHH C nocTORHH O MeHHwmHMHCH ycnOBHRMH. Bo acex cnyqanx cnenyeT yne nHTb BHHMaHH e HenpepNBH OMy MOHHTOPHHry H n o BT OP HOMy nporpaMMHPO BaHHW. 35 PeKOM€HDaUHH DnH EeponeAcKoro perHOHanbHOro 6wpo 1. n ocKOnbKY ponb BceMHPH OA op raHu3aUHH 3DpaeooxpatteHHH COCTOIIT B CTHMyrn-1poeaHHH H pa3BHTHH nonHTHKH H nporpaMM DOCT ll )t(€ HHH 3DOPOBbH DnH ecex B KalKDOA CTpatte , EeponeACKOe perHOHanbHOe 6wpo B03 DOnlKHO ocymecTBnHTb TeXHHqecKOe COTPYDHH'l€CTBO C OTDenbHblMH rocynapCTBaMH-qnettaMH no HX npocb6e, coneAcTBYH HX ycHnHHM, ttanpaenettttblM Ha yKpennettHe HaUH O HanbH~X CHCTeM ynpaeneHHH pa3BHTH€M 3DpaeooxpatteHHH. 2 . EBponeACKOe perHO HanbH Oe 6wpo DOn)t(HO B~CTynaTb B KaqecTBe uettTpa c6opa H pacnpocTpatteHHH HH$OpMaUHH, oceemawmeA on~T CTpaH B nnaHHPOBaHHH 3DpaBOOxpaHeHHH H ynpaenettHH HM, BKnwqaH MexaHH3M~ yqacTHH B 3THX npoueccax M€DHUHHCKHX pa6OTHHKOB H nonb3OBaTeneA MeDHUHHCKOro o6cny)t(HBaHHH, oueHKY, MOHHTOPHHr COCTOHHHH 3DpaBooxpaHeHHH, 3KOHOMHqecKHA aHanH3 nonHTHKH B o6nacTH 3DpaBooxpaHeHHH, COOTBeTCTBYIDmHX MeponpHHTHA B paMKaX 3TOA nonHTHKH H TeXHOnOrHH. 3. PerHOHanbHOMY 6wpo peKOM€HDY€TCH no-npe)t(HeMy pa3BHBaTb H coeepweHCTBOBaTb nonroTOBKY M3H€D)t(€POB B o6naCTH 3DpaBooxpa tteHHH, nepcottana 3DpaBooxpaHeHHH Bcex DPYrHx KaTeropHA H OTBeTCTBeHH~X pa6OTHHKOB DPYrHX ceKTOPOB B o6nacTH npouecca ynpaBneHHH HauuottanbHblM 3DPaBooxpaHeHHeM. n onroTOBKa MO)!(€T BKnwqaTb KOHKpeTH~e KOMOOHeHT~, CBH3a HH~e 'c B~HBneHHeM TaKHX cneuH$HqeCKHX MOMeHTOB, KaK COKpameHHe qucna $aKTOPOB, OKa3~BalOIIIHX BP€DHOe BO3D€ACTBHe Ha 3,IPpoBbe, aHanH3 COOTHOWeHHH CTOHMOCTH H 3$$eKTHBHOCTH, pa3peweHHe KOH$nHKTOB , COTPYDHHqecTBO C n o nb3OBaTenHMH H C DPYrHMH ceKTOpaMH H T.n. PerHOHanbHOe 6wpo DOn)t(HO noompHTb TaKyw n o nroTO BKY Ha perHOHanbHOM H HaUHOHanbH~X YPOBHHX. 4. PeruoHanbHoe 6wpo non)t(HO coneAcTeoeaTb uccnenoBaHHHM H pa3pa6OTKaM e HanpaeneHHHX, npencTaBnHwmux oco6yw Ba)t(HQCTb DnH $OpMynupoBaHHH, yTBep)t(DeHHH, B~nonHeHHH H oueHKH HaUHOHanbH= CTpaTerHA DOCTH)t(€HHH 3DOPOBbH DnH ecex, BKnwqaH nyTH coeepwettcTeoeaHHH npouecca ynpaeneHHH pa3BHTHeM HaUH OHanbHOro 3DpaeooxpaHeHHH, KOTOp~e B HaH6OnbweA CTeneHH COOTBeTCTBYWT ycnOBHHM OTDenbH= rocynapCTB. 5. noMOmb CTpaHaM co CTOPOH~ PerHOHanbHOro 6wpo 6yneT oco6e HH O ueHHOA e o6nacTH npo naraHD~ H pa3BHTHH npoeepeHH~ MeTODOB nnaHHpO BaHHH, a TaK)t(€ B anpo6HpoeaHHH TaKHX HOB~X MeT ODOB , KaK HCO Onb3OBaHHe cueHapHeB , npenHa3HaqeHH~X DnH H3yq e HHH pa3nHqH~X runoTeTHqeCKHX CHTyauHA H / HnH CTpaTerHA B n ODD€P)t(KY n o nHTHKH DOCTH)t(€HHH 3DOPOBbH DnR ecex. CnenyeT noompHTb M€)t(DYHapODHOe COTPYDHHqecTBO B 3TOM ttanpae n eHHH . 36 6. PerH o HanbH OMY 6~po cnenyeT pa3eepHyTb ce Tb coTpynHH~awmHx ueHTpo e, KOTop~e o6ner~aT rocynapcTeaM- ~neHaM pa3pa60TKY H peanH3aUHID HaUH OHanbH~X CTpaTerHA H 6ynyT nonnep~HBaTb HX neRTenbHOCTb e o6nacTH Hccneno eaHHR H nonroTOBKH Kanpoe. 37 cnHCOK YlJACTHHKOB ABCTPHfl n-p G. Liebeswar, JaMeCTHTenb AHpeKTopa cny*O oomecTaeHHoro JnpaaooxpaHeHHfl, ~eAepanbHOe MHHHCTepCTBO 3ApaaooxpaHeHHfl H 3amHT~ OKPY*a~meA cpeA~, BeHa 6enbrHfl ~-p E. Mintiens, KaHuenflPHfl MHHHCTpa, MHHHCTP 3ApaaooxpaHeHHfl H npocaemeHHfl (Anfl ~paHKOfl3bNHOA oomttH~), Ep~ccenb ~-p P. de Schouwer, reHepanbH~A ceKpeTapb MHHHCTepCTBa no AenaM oomecTaeHHoro 3ApaaooxpaHeHHfl H ceMbH, OTAen Me*nyHaponH~X OTHOWeHHA, Ep=cenb r-*a M. Smet, cneuttanHCT no MeAHUHHCKOA COUHOnOrHH, HHCTHTYT COUHOnOrH~eCKHX HCCneAOBaHHA, n~aeH r-H R. Urbain, MHHHCTP 3ApaaooxpaHeHHfl H npocaemeHHfl (Anfl ~paHKOfl3~~HOA oOmHH~), 6p~ccenb KaHapa ~-p M. Jerome-Forget, noMomHHK JaMeCTHTenfl MHHHCTpa, OTAeneHHe nnaHHPOBaHHfl nonHTHKH H HH~OpMaUHH, MHHHCTepCTBO HaUHOHanbHOrO 3ApaaooxpaHeHHfl H couttanbHoro oOecne~eHHfl , OTTaaa YexocnoaaKHfl 38 ~-p E. Klivarova , AHpeKTOP, OTAen BHeWHHX CHOWeHHA , MHHHCTepCTBO 3ApaaooxpaHeHHfl lJeWCKOA CouttanHCTH~eCKOA PecnyonHKH , npara npo~ . J. Prokopec, MHHHCTP 3npaaooxpaHeHHfl, MHHHCTepCTB O 3npaaooxpaHeHHfl lJeWCK OA CouttanHCTH~eCKOA Pecny6nHKH, npara n-p N. Rosdahl, 3aMecTHTenb rettepanhttoro AHpeKTopa, PYK OBOAHTenb OTAena o6meA rHrHeH~, HaUH OHanb H~A coBeT 3ApaaooxpatteHHR, Konettrarett n-p G. Schieler, 3aMeCTHTenb reHepanbHOro AHPeKTOpa, PYKOBOAHTenb OTAeneHHR OonbHHU, HaUH OHanbH~A COBeT 3Apaaoo xpatteHHR, Konettrarett <l>HHnRHAHR n-p A. Niemi, AHpeKTOp OTAeneHHR nepBHqHoA MeAHKO- caHHTapHOA no MomH, HaUHOHanbH~A COBeT 3Apaa ooxpa ttellHR, XenbCHHKH <t>paHUHR r-H v. Comiti, COBeTHHK no TeXHHqecKHM Bo npocaM , rettepanbtt~A AHpeKTOpaT 3ApaaooxpatteHHR, napH* n-p J.-P. Picard, AHPeKTOP HaUHOHanbH OA WKOn~ oOmecTBeHHoro 3ApaaooxpatteHHR, PettH n-p M. Rochaix, 6~BWHA reHepanbH~A AHpeKTOP , rpalf(!laHCKHe OonbHHU~ AnR 6e3HaAe*H~X OonbH~X flH OHa repMaHcKaR µeMoKpaTHqecKaR Pecny6nHKa n-p A.H. Bar, pyKOBOAHTenb OTAeneHHR, HH CTHTYT COUHanbHOA rHrHe H~ H opra HH3aUHH oxpaH~ 3AOPOBbR, 6epnHH n-p u. Schneidewind, 3aMeCTHTenb MHHHCT pa , MHHHCTepCTB O 3Apaa ooxpatteHHR, 6epnHH <l>eAepaTHBHaR Pecny6nHKa repMaHHH n-p R. Mattheis, CTapwHA MeAHUHHCKHA cneuHanHCT , CoBeT no AenaM 3ApaaooxpatteHHR, ceMbH H couHanbH~ a onpocaM , 6epnHH (3anaAH~A) r-H W.F. Schrader, MHCTHTYT MeAHKo-caHHTap H~X H COUHanbH~X HCCneAOBaHHA, 6epnHH (3anaAH~A ) n-p H. Stein, c ne uH anHcT no no nHTHKe a o6na c TH 3ApaaooxpaHeHHR, <l>eAepanbHOe MHHH CTepCTBO no AenaM MOnone*H, ceMbH H 3Apaaooxpa He HHR, 60HH 39 rpe UHR n-p C. Oervenis, qneH 6OnbHHqHoro KOMHTeTa, UeHTpanbH~A coaeT no JnpaaooxpaHeHHW, A$HH~ n-p A. Philalithii;;, qneH HcnonHHTenbHOro KOMHTeTa, UeHTpanbH~A COBeT 3npaaooxpaHeHHR, A$HH~ n-p K. Sfangos, 3aMecTHTenb npencenaTenR, UeHTpanbH~A COBeT 3npaaooxpaHeHHR, A$HH~ npo$. A. Sissouras, HH*eHepHaR wKona, oTneneHHe onepaUHOHH~X 1-1ccnenoaaHHA, naTpaCCKHA YHHBepcHTeT HTanHR npo$. M. Colombini, n1-1peKTOP 6wpo Me*nYHaponH~x OTHOWeHHA , MHHHCTepCTBO 3npaaooxpaHeHHR, PHM nwKceM6ypr MapoKKO n-p A. Cherkaoui, pyKoaon1-1Tenb, oTnen nonroTOBKH Kanpoa TeXHHqeCKHX cneu1-1an1-1CTOB, MHHHCTepcTBO o6mecTBeHHOro JnpaaooxpaHeHHR, Pa6aT r-H M. Laaziti, pyKoaon1-1Tenb, 6wpo onepau1-1A no HayqH~ HCCnenoaaHHRM Ii oueHKe, MHHHCTepcTBO o6mecTBeHHOro JnpaaooxpaHeHHR, Pa6aT n-p A. Mechbal, PYKOBon1-1Tenb, OTnen HH$pacTpyKTyp~ (OTBeTCTBeHH~A 3a nnaHHPOBaHHe B o6naCTH 3npaaooxpaHeHHR), MHHHCTepCTBO o6mecTBeHHGro JnpaaooxpaHeHHR, Pa6aT HH.gepnaHn~ 40 r-~a J. Bruinsma-Kleijwegt, npoa. ~pHcnaHnHR, neyaapneH n-p R.G. Greve , n1-1peKTOP no nnaHHPOBaHHW H CTpOHTenbCTBY, MHHHCTepCTBO 6narOCOCTORHHR, 3npaaooxpaHeHHR Ii KynbTYP~, neAnceHnaM r-H C. Korver, qneH npaBHTenbCTBeHHOro COBeTa npOBHHUHH CeaepHaR ronnaHnHR, XapneM n-p J. van Landen, rettepanbH~A DHpeKTop cny*6 3DpaeooxpaHeHHR, MHHHCTepCTBO 6narococTORHHR, 3DpaeooxpaHeHHR H KYnbTYP~, neADCeHDaM (npeDCeDaTenb) npo~ . A. van der Werff, DHPeKTOP, 6~po nepcottana DnR pa3pa60TKH nonHTHKH B o6naCTH 3DpaeooxpaHeHHR, MHHHCTepcTBO 6narococTORHHR, 3DpaeooxpaHeHHR H KynbTYP~, neADCeHDaM HopeerHR n-p A. Alvik, 3aMeCTHTenb MeDHl..lHHCKoro cneuHanHCTa <t>~nbKe, Ocno r-H J. Tvedt, PYKOBODHTenb OTDena, MHHHCTepcTBO COUHanbH~ Den, Ocno n-p G. Vandeskog, 3aMeCTHenb reHepanbttoro DHpeKTo pa, MHHHCTepCTBO COUHanbH~ Den, Ocno nopTyranHR n-p J.G. Avila, noMomHHK DHPeKTopa, PerHOHanbH~A DHPeKTOpaT 3DpaeooxpaHeHHR, AHrpa-Dy-3pOH*MY, A30PCKHe o-ea n-p J.A. Lopes da Nave, DHPeKTOP, PerHOHanbH~A DHPeKTOpaT 3DpaeooxpaHeHHR, AHrpa-Dy-3pOHJKMY, A30PCKHe o -ea HcnaHHR n-p I. Alvarez, coeeTHHK , rettepanbH~A DHpeKTopaT nnaHHpoeaHHR 3DpaeooxpaHeHHR, MHHHCTepCTBO 3DpaeooxpatteHHR H no DenaM no Tpe 6HTeneA , MaDPHD n-p J.M. Carro Ramos, noMomHHK rettepanbHoro DHPeKTo pa no TeppHTOpHanbHOMY nnaHHpOBaHH~, MHHHCTepcTBO 3DpaeooxpaHeHHR H no DenaM noTpe6HTeneA, MaDPHD WeeuHR r-H G. Dahlgren, DHpeKTOP, OTDen 3DpaeooxpaHeHHR H MeDHl..lHHCKoro o 6cny*HBaHHR , MHHHCTepc TBO no De Jl a M 3DpaeooxpaHeHHR H COUHanbH~X Den, CT OKrOnbM 4 1 r-H B. Larsson, 3aMeCTHTenb PYKOBOllHTenR oTnena, HauH OHanbH~A COBeT 3npasooxpaHeHHR H OnarocoCTORHHR, CTOKrOnbM WB eA uapHR r-H E. Tromsdorff , PYKOBOllHTenb OTnena 6onbHHU, nenapTaMeHT 3npasooxpatteHHR KaHTOHa, Aapay r-tt U. Wienke, cneuHanHcT no apxHTeKType H nnattHposaHHIO, WBeAuapCKHA HHCTHTYT OOnbHHU, Aapay TypUHR n-p D. Boztok, cneuHanHCT no o 6mecTBeHHOMY 3npasooxpaHeHHw, rettepanbH~A nHpeKTopaT no nepsHqHOA MellHKO-CaHHTapHOA noMomH, MHHHCTepCTBO 3npaaooxpatteHHR H COUHanbHOA noMOmH, AHKapa COW3 Co BeTCKHX CO½HanHCTHqeCKHX Pecny6nHK n-p H. HHKHTHH, COBeTHHK, YnpaaneHHe BHeWHHX CHOWeHHA, MHHHCTepCTBO 3npaaooxpatteHHR CCCP, MOCKBa n-p H.B. nycToaoA, 3aaenywmHA Ka$enpoA ynpaaneHHR, 3KOHOMHKH H nnaHHpOBaHHR 3npaaooxpaHeHHR, ~HTpanbHblA HHCTHTYT ycosepweHCTBOBaHHR spaqeA, MOCKBa D-p 0 .n. menHH, nepB~A 3aMeCTHTenb MHHHCTpa 3npasooxpaHeHHR, MHHHCTepCTBO 3npaaooxpaHeHHR CCCP, MocK aa (3aMeCTHTenb npencenaTenR) BenHK06PHTaHHR 42 r-H K. Barnard, PYKOB OllHTenb UeHTpa Ha$$Hnna no H3y qettHW cny~6 3npasooxpatteHHR, YHHBepcHTeT nHnca r-H M.A. Clark, rnaBH~A cneuHanHCT no cecTpHHCKOMY neny, MHHHCTepCT BO 3npasooxpatteHHR H COUHanbHoro oOecreqeHH~ nottnott KOMHCCHR esponeACKHX coo6mecTB n-p A.E. Be nn e tt, llHPeKTOP, DHpeKTOpaT 3npas ooxpa tt e HHR H 6e3onac tt ocT H, nwKceM6ypr npencTaBHTenH HenpaBHTenbCTBeHHblX opra HH3aUHA AccouHaUHH wKon o6mec TBeHHoro Jnpaaooxpa HeHHH B EBponeACKOM perHOHe npo¢. F. Doeleman , YrcTrecT, HHnepnaHnbl EaponeAcKaH acc o uHaUHH nporpaMM no HJyqeHHID cny~6 JnpaaooxpaHeHHH npo¢. E. Kroger, npeJHneHT AKaneMHH o6mec TBeHH oro JnpaaooxpaHeHHH, ,I:lloccenbnop¢, ~enepaTHBHaH Pecny6nHKa repMaHHH MeJK,,nyHaponH~ COBeT MenHUHHCKHX cecTep r-H C.P. de Winter, WKona ycoaepweHCTBOBaHHH MenHUHHCKHX cecTep, neHcneH, HHnepnaHnbl r-H R.M. Nicholls, paAOHHblA anMHHHCTpaTop, MenHUHHCK Oe ynpaaneHHe wro-JananHoro paAoHa, 6pHCTOnb, BenHKOOpHTaHHH BpeMeHHble COBeTHHKH npo¢ . C. Altenstetter, HbIDAOpKCKHA roponcKOA YHHBepCHTeT, Hbw-AopK, CWA n-p A. Ar o maa, nHpeK To p, MenHUHHCKaH HccnenosaTen bcKaH rpynna, HayqH o -HccnenoBaTenbCKHA HHCTHTYT COUHanbHOro oOecneqeHHH, XenbCHHKH, ~HHnHHllHH npo¢. H.L. Bluma, wK ona o6mecTBeHHoro JnpaB oox paHeHHH, KanH$0PHHACKHA YHHBepcHTeT, 6epKnH, WTaT KanH$0P~iH, CWA n-p H. 6yKapes, PYKOBOllHTenb oTnena nnaHHposaHHH H 3KOHOMHKH Jnpas oo xpaHeHHH , MHHHCTepcT BO o6mecTBeHHOro JnpaBooxpaHeHHR, Co¢HH, 6onrapHR n-p L. Elias, rnaBHblA apaq, MHHHCTepC TB O Jnpaaooxpa HeHHR , 6ynanewT, BeHrpHR a Pacxonbl, CBR3aHHble C yqacT11eM,BCeM11pH OA opra HHJau11eA JnpasooxpaHeHHR He onnaqHsawTcR . 4 3 n-p A.Y. Ellencweiga, MJlaAWHA HayqH~A COTPYAHHK, EspeACKHA YHHBepCHTeT, WK o na o 6mecTBeHHOro 3ApasooxpaHeHHR, HepycanHM, H3paHnb n-p C . rnanHnOB, noMOWHHK npe3HAeHTa, AKaAeMHR MeAHUHHCKHX HayK, CotHR, 6onrapHR n-p A.S. Haroa, Kallionlaita 2, Espoo, ~HHnRHAHR n-p B. Horisbergera, AHPeKTOP, Me*AHCUHnnHHapH~ HCcneAOBaTenbCKHA ueHTP oOmecTBe HHOro 3ApasooxpaHeH= cs. rannetta, wseAuapHR Opot. J. Indulski, MHHHCTepCTBO 3ApasooxpaHeHHR H couHanbHoro oOecneqeHHR, Bapwaaa, nonbwa r-H C. Kleiber, nenapTaMeHT BHyTpeHHHX Aen H oomecTBeHHoro 3ApaaooxpatteHHR, Cny*Oa oOmecTBeHHoro 3ApaaooxpaHeHHR, no3aHHa, WseAuapHR r-H M. Lagergren, CeKpeTapHaT no nepcneKTHBH~ Hc c neAOBaHHRM, CTOKrOnbM, WBeUHR n-p K. Leppo, AHPeKTOp, OTAen nnaHHpOBaHHR H oueHKH, HaUH OHanbH~A COBeT 3ApaeooxpaHeHHR, XenbCHHKH, ~HHnRHAHR r-*a H.M.T. van Maanen, CaH-~paHUHCKO, WTaT KanHtOPHHH, CWA npot. A. Maynard , UeHTP 3KOHOMHKH 3ApaeooxpaHeHHR, AopKCKHA YHHBepcHTeT, BenHK 0 6pHTaHHR n-p M. Murtomaa, PHPeKTOP, OTnen oxpa H~ OKPY*a10111eA cpen~ H yKpenneHHH 3AOPOBbR, HauHOHanbH~A COBeT 3Apa s ooxpaHeHHR, XenbCHHKH, ~HHnRHAHR n-p A. Najzer, 3aMeCTHTenb n OMOWHHKa MHHHCTpa, MHHHCTepCTBO 3ApasooxpaHeHHR, 6yAanewT, BeHrpHR n-p C.O. Pannenbo rg, pyKOB OAHTenb cTpaTerHqecKoro nnaHHPOBaHHR B o6naCTH 3ApasooxpaHeHHR, MHHHCTepcTBO no nenaM 6narococTORHHR, 3Apaaooxpatte HHR H KynbTYP~, neAncettnaM, HHne pnattn~ a PacxOA~, CBR3aHH~e C yq aCT HeM,BceMHPHOA op raHH3aUH eA 3ppaeooxpa tt e HHR He o nnaqHB a wTcR. 44 r-H P . Pflauma, neps~A nOMOmHHK reHepaJibH Oro AHPeKTopa, oTnen ynpasneHHR o6cn y*HBaHHeM, ~enapTaMeHT 3npasooxpaHeHHR ABCTpaJIHACKoro COID3a, By6HH, ABCTpaJIHR ~-p A.V. Primsa, npo$eccop, npenonasaTeJib opraH H3aUHH MenHUHHCKoro O6CJIY*HBaHHR H caHHTapttoro 3aKOHonaTeJibCTBa, JlHHneH, 6eJibrHR ~-p s. Schepersa , reHepaJibH~R nHpeKTOP, EaponeACKHA HHCTHTYT o6mecTBeHHOrO ynpaBJieHHR, MaaCTPHXT, HHnepnattn~ ~-p D. Schwefela, HHCTHTYT MenHUHHCKOA HH$OpMaT HKH H H3yqeHHR cny*6 3npaaooxpatteHHR, 06epwnaAcxaAM, ~enepaTHBHaR Pecny6JIHKa repMaHHH ~-p B. Skupnjak, nHpeKTOP HHCTHTyTa op raHH3aUHH H 3KOHOMHKH 3ApaaooxpaHeHHR, 3arpe6, ~rocnaBHR ~-p R. Vasama, nHpeKTOP OTnena 6OJlbHHqH oA nOMOmH , HaUHOHaJibH~A coaeT 3npaaooxpaHeHHR, XeJibCHHKH, ~HHJIRHnHR r-*a A. Marques Vicente, Francisco Suarez 14, ManpHp, HcnaHHR ~-p C. Wlodarczyk, HHCTHTYT npo$eCCH OHaJibH OA MenHUHH~, Jlon3b, nonbwa Ha6nIDnaTeJIH ~-pH. Anoez, PYKOBOnHTeJib, 6IDpo opraHH3aUHH, MHHHCTepCTBO 3npaaooxpaHeHHR, HttnoHe3HR r-H J.F.G.M . de Beer, MHHHCTepCTBO 0narococTORHHR, 3ApaaooxpaHeHHR H KYJibTYP~, JleAACJieHnaM, HHnepna Hn~ ~-p J.B. va n Borssum, rnaBH~A HHcneKTOp cny*6~ o xpaH~ nCHXHqecKoro 3nopOBbR, MHHHCTepCTBO 6narOCOCTORHHR, 3npaaooxpatteHHR H KYJibTYP~, JleAnce HnaM, HHnepnaHn~ r-H D. J.D. Dees, Zandberqbaan 7, 6pena, HHnepnaHn~ a Pacxon~, CBR3aHH~e C yqaCTHeM,BceMHPHOA op r a HH 3a uuer-i 3npaaooxpaHeHHR He o nnaqHBaIDTCR. 4 5 46 r-H T. van d e n Grinten, HauHo HanbH~A ueHTP oxpaH~ ncux11~ecKoro 3DOPOBbR, YTpexT, HHnepnaHn~ r-~a L.J . Gunning-Schepers, 6~po nepcoHana nnR pa3pa60T KU nonHTHKH e o6nacTH 3Dpaeooxpa HeHHR, ~~iHH CTepc TB O OnarOCOCTORHHR, 3Dpasooxpa HeHHR H KynbTYP~, neAnceHnaM, HHnepnaHn~ r-H J.P . N. Hendriks, HaUHOHanbH~A COBeT 3npasooxpaHeHHR, 3yTepMep, HHnepnaHn~ npo~. H.H.W. Hoge rzeil, HHCTHTYT COUHanbHOA MeDHUHH~, rocynapCTBeHH~A rpo HHHreHCKHA YHHBepCHTeT, HHDepnaHD~ npo~. P .A . Ide nburg, npencenaTenb KOOPDHHaUHOHHOrO co eeTa no nonHTHKe couHanbHoro 6narococToRHHR, raara, HH nepna Hn~ r-H G.C. Kaper , 6~po nepco Hana nnR pa3pa60TKH nonHTHKH B o6naCTH 3DpaeooxpaHeHHR, MHHHCTepCTBO OnarOCOCTORHH~ 3npaeooxpa HeHHR H KynbTYP~, neAnceHnaM, HHnepnaHn~ r-H L.H.A.M. va n de Kerkhof , PY KO BODHTenb, OTnen COUHa nbH~X nen H 3DpasooxpaHeHHR, r onnaHDCKHA C0~3 MYHHUHnanHTeTOB , raara, HHnepnaHD~ n-p B. Kleczkowski, Karowa 14 / 16 m 37, Bapwaea, nonbwa r-~a J.H. Krijnen, CoseT no 3MaH CHnaUHH, raara, HHnepnaHD~ r-~a E.J.J.E. van Leeuwen - Sc hut, Lutherseburgwal 10, raara , HHnepnaHD~ r-H W.B. Meijer , HaUH OHanbH~ COBeT 3DpasooxpaHeHHR, 3yTepMep , HHnepnaHn~ n-p G. Mik, Quin tuslaan 3, rpoHHHreH, HHnepnaHp~ r-~a I. Mlill er va n Ast, Binnenhof 1A, raara, HHnepnaHD~ n-p E. W. Roscam Abbing, DHPeKTOP no Bo npoca M MeDHKO- caHHTap Horo o6cny ~HB aH HR, MHHHCTepCTBO 6narocOCTORHHR, 3npaaooxpaHeH11R H KynbTYP~ , neAnceHnaM, HHnepna Hn~ ~-p G. Schryvers , HH CTHTYT MepHKO-CaHHTap H~X HayK , rocynapCTBe HH ~A YTpexTCKHA yH11BepCHTeT , HHnepnaHD~ n-p A.J. van der Staay, Ewpo nnaHHpo saHHR couHanbHblX H KynbTYPHHX nen, raara, HHnepnaHnH r-H P.G.J.J.Stevens, Ewpo nepcoHana nnR pa3pa60TKH nonHTHKH B o 6naCTH 3npasooxpaHeHHR, MHHHCTepCTB O 6narococTORHHR, 3npasooxpaHeHHR H KynbTYPH, JEA,nceHna~ HHnepnaHnH r-H L. Vijverberg, Binnenhof 1A, raara, HHnepnaHnH r-H T . Vroon, nHpeKTop, nenapTaMeHT o6mecTseHHoro 3npasooxpaHeHHR, raara, HHnepnaHnH n-p F . J. Werner, nHpeKTOP, OTnen $HHaHCHpOBaHHR MenHUHHCKOA noMOmH, MHHHCTepCTBO 6narocOCTORHHR, 3npaaooxpaHeHHR H KynbTYPH, neAnceHnaM, HHnepnaHnH r-H B. Wijnberg, Ewpo nepcoHana nnR pa3pa60TKH nonHTHKH B o6naCTH 3npasooxpaHeHHR, MHHHCTepCTBO 6narocOCTORHH~ 3npaaooxpaHeHHR H KynbTypH, neAnceHnaM, HHnepnaHnH KoHcynbTaHTH r-H D. Affeld, pyKOBOnHTenb, 3KOHOMHKa H nnaHHPOBaHHe 3npasooxpaHeHHR, ~enepanbHOe MHHHCTepCTB O Tpyna H COUHanbHHX nen, EOHH-nwHcnop$, ~enepaTHBHaR Pecny6nHKa repMaHHH n-p S.-E. Ekeid, n o MomHHK 3aMeCTHTenn reHepanbHOro nHpeKTopa, ~HpeKTopaT 3npasooxpaHeHHR, Ocno, HopsernR n-p D.M. Pendreigh, nenapTaMeHT KOMMyHanbHOA MenHUHHH, HHCTHTYT Alllepa, 3nHH6ypr, BenHK06pHTaHHR (noKnan~HK) BceMHpHan opraHH3aUHR 3npaaooxpaHeHHR EaponeAcKoe perHoHanbHoe 6wpo n-p J.E. Asvall, nHpeKTOP, ynpasneHHe nporpaMM (ceKpeTapb) n-p J.-P. Fortin, CTaplllHA TeXHH~eCKHA COBeTHHK B Ma p:>KKO r-H J.M. van Gindertael, CO TPYnHHK c ny*6H o 6mecTBeHHOA HH$0PMaUHH n-p L.A . Kaprio, nHpeKTOP PerHOHanbHOro 6wpo 4 7 48 n-p I. Kiekbusch, pertto ttanbH~H cneuttanttcT no cattttTapttoMy npo cse1UeHH10 n-p P . A. Lamarche, cneuttanttcT no nnattttposaHHIO nporpaMM n-p I.S. Luculescu, perttottanbH~A cneuttanttcT B o6nacTH npo rpar,,u.mposaHHR 3.QpasooxpatteHHR no cTpattaM n-p H. Vuori, perttottanbH~A cneuttanttcT no nepBH~HoA Me.QHKO-CaHHTapHOA nOMOIUH n-p A . Wojtczak, .QttpeKTOP no sonpocaM ttccne.nosaHttA, nnaHHPOBaHHR H nlO.QCKHX pecypcos n-p H. Zollner, perHOHanbH~ cneuttanHCT no 3KOHOMHKe 3.Qpa sooxpa He HHR WTa6-Ksapn1pa n-p s. Khanna, KOOP.QHHaUHR cTpaTerHH .QOCTH~eHHR 3.QOPOBbR nnR scex n-p s. Moday, npouecc ynpasneHHR pa3BHTtteM HaUHOHanbHoro 3.QpasooxpaHeHHR n-p Y. Nuyens, H3y~etttte cttcTeM 3.QpasooxpatteHHR lllllll lllillllllllllllllll lllllllllllllllllllllll *0 0013 1 52 *
Всемирная организация здравоохранения (ВОЗ / WHO) · Publications
Планирование и управление в секторе здравоохранения: отчет о совещании ВОЗ, Гаага, 27 августа–1 сентября 1984 г.
Открыть оригинал документа
Полный текст размещён на сайте публикующей организации. lawenc.com индексирует метаданные и ведёт на официальный источник.
Полный текст