GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Global status report on road safety 2018 ISBN 978-92-4-156568-4 © World Health Organization 2018 Some rights reserved. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo). Under the terms of this licence, you may copy, redistribute and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes, provided the work is appropriately cited, as indicated below. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that WHO endorses any specific organization, products or services. The use of the WHO logo is not permitted. If you adapt the work, then you must license your work under the same or equivalent Creative Commons licence. If you create a translation of this work, you should add the following disclaimer along with the suggested citation: “This translation was not created by the World Health Organization (WHO). WHO is not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original English edition shall be the binding and authentic edition”. Any mediation relating to disputes arising under the licence shall be conducted in accordance with the mediation rules of the World Intellectual Property Organization. Suggested citation. Global status report on road safety 2018. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018. Licence: CC BY- NC-SA 3.0 IGO. Cataloguing-in-Publication (CIP) data. CIP data are available at http://apps.who.int/iris. Sales, rights and licensing. To purchase WHO publications, see http://apps.who.int/bookorders. To submit requests for commercial use and queries on rights and licensing, see http://www.who.int/about/licensing. Third-party materials. If you wish to reuse material from this work that is attributed to a third party, such as Tables, Figures or images, it is your responsibility to determine whether permission is needed for that reuse and to obtain permission from the copyright holder. The risk of claims resulting from infringement of any third-party-owned component in the work rests solely with the user. General disclaimers. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of WHO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted and dashed lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by WHO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions expected, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by WHO to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall WHO be liable for damages arising from its use. Design and layout by Paprika Printed in France Made possible through funding from Bloomberg Philanthropies.
Contents Acknowledgements vi Foreword by Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus vii Foreword by Michael R. Bloomberg ix Executive Summary xi Introduction x Section 1: Current state of global road safety 1 &hapter 7he *OoEaO %urden oI 5oad 7raffic 'eaths Key messages 3 &hapter ,nstitutionaO PanaJePent Key messages 15 &hapter /eJisOation and road user EehaYiour Key messages 23 Managing speed 27 Reducing drink-driving 31 Increasing motorcycle helmet use 36 Increasing seat-belt use 40 Increasing child restraint use 42 Reducing distracted driving 45 Reducing drug-driving 46 &hapter 6aIe roads Key messages 49 Chapter 5: Safe vehicles 56 Key messages 57 Chapter 6: Post-crash care 66 Key messages 67 6ection &ountr\area profiOes 6ection ([pOanator\ notes and statisticaO anne[ Explanatory note 1: methodology, data collection, validation and analysis 270 ExSlanatory note 2 countryarea Srofiles 278 ExSlanatory note 3 estimation oI road traͦc deaths 288 Statistical Annex 296 Photo credits 404 vi Acknowledgements The Global status report on road safety 2018 benefited from the contributions of a number of WHO staff and collaborators. Nhan Tran coordinated the writing of the report with contributions by Jeanne Breene, Meleckidzedeck Khayesi, Rob McInerney, Anesh Sukhai, Tamitza Toroyan and David Ward. Kacem Iaych was responsible for data management and statistical analysis; Joëlle Auert was responsible for the legislation data management and analysis. Strategic direction on the report was provided by Etienne Krug. Regional data coordinators were responsible for trainings, data collection and validation: Anneli Heimann and Martial-Manfred Missimikim (African Region), Alessandra Senisse (Region of the Americas), Rania Saad (Eastern Mediterranean Region and South-East Asian Region), Yongjie Yon (European Region), Maria Angela Pestaňo and Whitney Skowronski (Western Pacific Region). Further support at regional level was provided by: Hala Sakr, Dinesh Sethi, Eugenia Rodrigues, Jonathon Passmore, Patanjali Nayar and Jatinder Pal Singh Chhatwal. WHO Representatives and staff at country level facilitated this work and their contribution is gratefully acknowledged. Other WHO staff who contributed include: Elena Altieri, Angelita Ruth Dee, Doris Ma Fat, Colin Mathers, Evelyn Murphy, Florence Rusciano, Zoe Brillantes and Teri Reynolds. Country level data could not have been obtained without the invaluable input of: the National Data Coordinators (see Table A1 in the Statistical Annex); all respondents who participated in data collection and the country level consensus meetings; government officials who supported the project and provided official clearance of the information for inclusion in this report. WHO also wishes to thank the following contributors whose expertise made this document possible: Adrienne Pizatella, Jennifer Ellis, Kelly Larson, and Kelly Henning from Bloomberg Philanthropies; Leslie Zellers for her support in reviewing and analysing legislative documents for the region of the Americas; Saul Billingsley, Lotte Brondum, Soames Job, Adnan Hyder, Rob McInerney, and David Ward, for serving on the advisory committee for this report; Abdul Bachani, Judy Fleiter, and Margie Peden, for review comments; Alejandro Furas and Jessica Truong for support on collecting and interpreting data on vehicle standards; Isaac Botchey for assisting with checking of country profiles; Claudia Adriazola-Steil, Matts-Ake Belin and Judy Williams for providing material for boxes; Eric Thuo for assisting with literature review on child restraints; Hal Inada for the checking of references; Kaitlyn Friedman for assisting with data processing; Tony Price who edited the report; the team of translators from Alboum for support with translations of legislation; and graphic designers from Paprika who produced the design and layout of the report. This report is in memoriam of Dominique Rurangirwa, the National Data Coordinator in Rwanda who lost his life in a road traffic crash earlier this year. His death was most unexpected and he will be sadly missed by all his colleagues, both locally and internationally. This tragedy serves as a reminder of the importance of this work and that more must still be done to strengthen road transport systems to prevent the needless loss of life. Finally, the WHO wishes to thank Bloomberg Philanthropies for its generous financial support for the development and publication of this report. vii GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 FOREWORD Is there anyone we can call for you? There is a phone call or a knock on the door that we all dread, in which we are told that a loved one has been killed or seriously injured in a road traffic crash. We shiver as emergency vehicles speed past us on the road to attend a crash. Our hearts miss a beat as we hear about a “road accident” on the news. But road traffic crashes are not “accidents”. They are completely preventable. This report shows that the problem is getting worse. Deaths from road traffic crashes have increased to 1.35 million a year. That’s nearly 3 700 people dying on the world’s roads every day. Tens of millions more are injured or disabled every year, people who suffer life-altering injuries with long- lasting effects. These losses take a huge toll on families and communities. The cost of emergency response, health care and human grief is immense. There are many reasons for this trend: rapid urbanization, poor safety standards, lack of enforcement, people driving distracted or fatigued, others under the influence of drugs or alcohol, speeding and a failure to wear seat-belts or helmets. One of the most heart-breaking statistics in this report is that road traffic injury is the leading cause of death for people aged between 5 and 29 years. No child should die or be seriously injured while they walk, cycle or play. We must return our streets to our children. They have a right to feel safe on them. In the Sustainable Development Goals, world leaders have committed to halve the number of deaths from road crashes by 2020. This report shows that three years on, far too little progress has been made towards this goal. There is an urgent need to scale up evidence-based interventions and investment. Development is an opportunity for low- and middle-income countries to avoid the costly mistakes made in the past by high-income countries. We need to create cities and transport systems that reduce reliance on cars. We must apply the lessons we have learned about safe road design. With the right leadership and investment, countries can build in the safeguards and best practices to save lives. viii WHO is committed to working with countries to reduce the needless death and disability caused by road VTaHficcTaUJGU 9*1ŨU)GPGTaNPTQITaOOGQH9QTMŤŤQWTfiXG[GaTUVTaVGIicRNaPŤiPcNWFGUTQaFUaHGV[IQaNU that are underpinned by 12 voluntary performance targets agreed upon by world leaders last year. These are designed to provide guidance to WHO Member States on key interventions. +ViUQPGVJiPIQHcQWTUGVQUGVIQaNUaPFVaTIGVU+VŨUaPQVJGTVQacJiGXGVJGO Experience shows that sustainable road safety must be planned and requires long-term investment and aRRTQRTiaVGOaPaIGOGPVcaRaciV[HQTGHHGcViXGFGNiXGT[+PVGTPaViQPaNQTIaPi\aViQPUFQPQTUaPFVJGRWDNic and private sectors need to work together to make things happen. This report highlights the increasing number of countries and cities that are making progress with effective and affordable interventions. My hope is that this report will save lives, prevent injuries and mean fewer emergency responders knock on doors with messages they should never have to deliver. Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus &iTGcVQT)GPGTaN9QTNF*GaNVJ1TIaPi\aViQP ix GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 FOREWORD Road safety is an issue that does not receive anywhere near the attention it deserves – and it really is one of our great opportunities to save lives around the world. The numbers are staggering. Road traffic crashes now represent the eighth leading cause of death globally. They claim more than 1.35 million lives each year and cause up to 50 million injuries. And, the fact is, every one of those deaths and injuries is preventable. We know which interventions work. Strong policies and enforcement, smart road design, and powerful public awareness campaigns can save millions of lives over the coming decades. To spread those interventions to more countries, it is critically important for partners to target our resources effectively and hold each other accountable for our results. The data show that low- and middle-income countries bear the greatest burden of road traffic fatalities and injuries. So, over the past decade, Bloomberg Philanthropies has worked closely with the World Health Organization, government agencies, and road safety organizations and invested US$ 259 million to help implement evidence-based solutions. Together we have promoted the use of helmets and seat-belts, combatted speeding and drunk driving, redesigned city streets to make them safer, and advocated for safer vehicles. Overall, we have made important policy progress since WHO issued its last road safety report in 2015. Twenty-two countries have amended their road safety laws, bringing them in line with best practices. These laws cover more than one billion people, or 14% of the world’s population. At the same time, we have also focused our intervention efforts on cities. The opportunity for cities is enormous, because they are home to more than half the world’s population. And, once cities demonstrate something works, national governments tend to be more willing to scale up a proven solution. To cite just a few leading cities: Accra is using data to improve pedestrian safety, and Ho Chi Minh City is taking cost-effective steps to make more than 150 high-risk intersections safer. Cities in countries such as Brazil and India have reduced traffic crashes, and through media campaigns and stronger enforcement, more cities have cut drunk driving. These are encouraging trends, and public support for road safety policies is only growing. However, there is still much more work to be done, and Bloomberg Philanthropies will continue to raise awareness of road safety and the need for more action by governments. x4GFWciPITQaFVTaHficFGaVJUaPFiPLWTiGUiUQPGQHVJG7PiVGF0aViQPU5WUVaiPaDNG&GXGNQROGPV)QaNUŤ and, given everything we know about the problem and its solutions, that goal is achievable if governments RTiQTiVi\GTQaFUaHGV[9*1iUJGNRiPIVQFTiXGVJGRTQITGUUYGaTGOaMiPIaPFaNNQHWUaV$NQQODGTI Philanthropies thank Dr Tedros, WHO Director-General, his colleagues, and our allies around the world for their continued partnership. We invite you to learn more about the status of road safety in this important report. Michael R. Bloomberg Founder, Bloomberg L.P. & Bloomberg Philanthropies WHO Global Ambassador for Noncommunicable Diseases and Injuries xi GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The number of road traffic deaths continues to climb, reaching 1.35 million in 2016. However, the rates of death relative to the size of the world’s population has stabilized in recent years. The data presented in this report show that progress has been achieved in important areas such as legislation, vehicle standards and improving access to post-crash care. This progress has not, however, occurred at a pace fast enough to compensate for the rising population and rapid motorization of transport taking place in many parts of the world. At this rate, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) target 3.6 to halve road traffic deaths by 2020 will not be met. Road traffic injury is now the leading cause of death for children and young adults aged 5–29 years, signalling a need for a shift in the current child health agenda, which has largely neglected road safety. It is the eighth leading cause of death for all age groups surpassing HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and diarrhoeal diseases. The burden of road traffic injuries and deaths is disproportionately borne by vulnerable road users and those living in low- and middle-income countries, where the growing number of deaths is fuelled by transport that is increasingly motorized. Between 2013 and 2016, no reductions in the number of road traffic deaths were observed in any low-income country, while some reductions were observed in 48 middle- and high-income countries. Overall, the number of deaths increased in 104 countries during this period. Strengthening legislation to mitigate key risk factors is recognized by the majority of governments as an important strategy to improve road safety, as evidenced by the 149 countries that have designated lead agencies with responsibilities that include enacting and assessing traffic laws. While too many countries still lack legislation that appropriately addresses risks such as speeding, drink-driving, the use of helmets, seat-belts and child restraints, since 2014 progress has been made in a number of these areas. Overall 22 additional countries have amended their laws on one or more risk factors to bring them in line with best practice. This translates to an additional one billion people who are now covered by effective road traffic laws. Of the 175 countries participating in this report, 123 have road traffic laws that meet best practice for one or more key risk factors. During this review period, ten additional countries (45 in total) have aligned with best practice on drink-driving legislation, five additional countries (49 in total) on motorcycle helmet use, four additional countries (33 in total) have aligned with best practice on the use of child restraint systems, and three additional countries (105 in total) on the use of seat-belts. Less progress has been made on adopting best practice on speed limits, despite the importance of speed as a major cause of death and serious injury. xii The enforcement of laws and adoption of safety standards — such as the availability of seat-belts and fiVOGPVUHQTcaTQccWRaPVUiPDQVJHTQPVaPFTGaTUGaVUTGOaiPcJaNNGPIiPIiPOaP[RaTVUQHVJGYQTNF &GURiVGVJGDGPGfiVUQHXGJicNGUaHGV[OGaUWTGUQPN[cQWPVTiGUJaXGiORNGOGPVGFUGXGPQTGiIJVQHVJG RTiQTiV[70XGJicNGUaHGV[UVaPFaTFU6JGTGaTGJQYGXGTUiIPUQHRTQITGUU(QTGZaORNG+PFiaVJGYQTNFŨU HQWTVJNaTIGUVcaTOaPWHacVWTGT iURTQFWciPIiVUfiTUVHQWTUVaT QWVQHaRQUUiDNGfiXGUVaTU XGJicNGaPF phasing out production of a popular model, which consistently failed safety crash tests. Some progress is also evident in the planning, design and operation of roads and roadsides, and in the take-up of a range of tools, notably the International Road Assessment Program (iRAP), which is a star rating tool for road networks. One hundred and fourteen countries are currently carrying out systematic assessments or star ratings of existing roads. These assessments and the implementation of appropriate road standards are particularly important as the majority of travel by road users such as pedestrians, cyclists and motorcyclists, occur on roads that are inherently unsafe for them. There are also some signs of progress in improving access to post-crash care to reduce the consequences and severity of injury once a crash occurs. One hundred and nine countries now have access to a telephone number to contact emergency care and 97 countries have a formal process to train and certify prehospital care providers. More work is needed, however, to ensure access to quality emergency care. Approximately half of all countries have speciality training pathways in emergency medicine and trauma surgery while 78 reported having national or subnational trauma registries in place. #NVJQWIJVJGRTQITGUUVQYaTFUTGFWciPIVJGPWODGTQHTQaFVTaHficFGaVJUJaUPQVOGVINQDaNGZRGcVaViQPU there are nonetheless signs of improvement. Accelerating the rate of this progress and bringing to scale VJGDGPGfiVUQHGHHGcViXGNGIiUNaViQPUaHGTXGJicNGUUaHGTTQaFUaPFiPcTGaUiPIaccGUUVQSWaNiV[GOGTIGPc[ care is the main challenge moving forward. There is an urgent need for governments to scale up their road safety efforts in order to live up to their commitments made in the Sustainable Development Agenda 2030. The upcoming Third Global Ministerial Conference on Road Safety in Sweden in February 2020 will be a key opportunity to take a strategic view and set a road safety agenda for the next decade, including setting a new global target on fatalities. xiii GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 INTRODUCTION &GaVJUaPFiPLWTiGUTGUWNViPIHTQOTQaFVTaHficcTaUJGUTGOaiPaUGTiQWURTQDNGOINQDaNN[aPFcWTTGPVVTGPFU suggest that this will continue to be the case in the foreseeable future (1,2). Accelerating progress can, however, be achieved through an integrated approach that includes putting in place and enforcing effective measures such as safety standards for roads and vehicles, legislation to mitigate high-risk behaviours such aUURGGFiPIaUYGNNaUGPUWTiPIViOGN[accGUUVQRTQHGUUiQPaNGOGTIGPc[caTG -G[VQVJiUaRRTQacJiU VJGaXaiNaDiNiV[QHTGNiaDNGaPFcQORTGJGPUiXGFaVaQPVJGDWTFGPaPFTiUMUQHTQaFVTaHficcTaUJGUiPLWTiGU and deaths to target and monitor progress (4,5). Without knowledge of the magnitude of the problem and the risks of death and injury, the ability to implement cQPVGZVURGcificaPFaRRTQRTiaVGiPVGTXGPViQPUiUUGXGTGN[NiOiVGF/QTGQXGTaUJiIJNiIJVGFiPRTGXiQWUaPF cWTTGPVGFiViQPUQHVJiUTGRQTVVJGWPFGTTGRQTViPIQHTQaFVTaHficFGaVJUiURGTXaUiXGiPOaP[RaTVUQHVJG world and results in a lower priority being given to road safety as compared to other public health challenges
'XGPVJQWIJVJGPWODGTQHRGQRNGF[iPIaPPWaNN[aUaTGUWNVQHTQaFVTaHficiPLWT[UWTRaUUGUVJQUGF[iPI HTQO*+8#+&5VWDGTcWNQUiUaPFFiaTTJQGaNFiUGaUGUVJGRQNiVicaNcQOOiVOGPVaPFfiPaPciaNiPXGUVOGPVU in road safety is only a small fraction of that made to combat these diseases (7). This report is intended to stimulate country actions to improve road safety in countries through the iFGPVificaViQPQHMG[IaRUaPFQRRQTVWPiViGU#UYGaRRTQacJVJGGPFQHVJG&GcaFGQH#cViQPHQT4QaF 5aHGV[ŤaPFVJGFGaFNiPGHQT5&)VaTIGV iV iU iPVGPFGFVQUGTXGaUaPaFXQcac[VQQNVQ generate further political action, as well as a resource to guide implementation by relevant government acVQTUiPcNWFiPIOiPiUVTiGUQHJGaNVJVTaPURQTVfiPaPcGGFWcaViQPaPFiPVGTiQTaUYGNNaUNQcaNaWVJQTiViGU iPRTQXiPcGUaPFciViGU 6JGURGcificQDLGcViXGUQHVJiUTGRQTVaTGVQ ´ FQcWOGPVVJGaPPWaNPWODGTQHFGaVJUTGUWNViPIHTQOTQaFVTaHficiPLWT[iPQTFGTVQGUVaDNiUJaPaUUGUUOGPV of progress towards the UN goals for road safety and the Decade of Action; ´ review institutional management practices as well as target setting; ´ present an analysis of national legislation on key road safety risk factors using best practice criteria; ´ UWOOaTi\GVJGcWTTGPVUVaVGQHXGJicNGUVaPFaTFUaPFTGIWNaViQPUaUYGNNaUTQaFiPHTaUVTWcVWTGaPF ´ examine current progress and challenges in improving post-crash care. xiv What’s new? The criteria used to determine best practices for legislation have been updated along with the classifications of countries as those with laws that conform to best practice, those with laws that do not conform to best practice, those without laws, and those in which the laws are not applicable. In some instances, new criteria have been introduced based on the latest evidence, to capture the nuanced aspects of road safety legislation in different countries more effectively. Using the updated criteria, legislation from 2014 (used for the 2015 report) was retrospectively analysed and compared with the analysis of 2017 (used for this report) legislation. Changes (both upgrades and downgrades) have been documented and are presented in the findings of this report. In addition to grouping those countries with laws that conform to best practice, this report also shows which countries have made improvements, which have stayed the same, and which (in a few instances) have made changes that have moved their laws out of alignment with current best practice. Methods This series of global status reports on road safety has been developed through an iterative and consultative process with participating Member States. In the first phase, requests for data were sent out through a survey administered in 2017 by the WHO Headquarters to Regional and National Data Coordinators (R/NDC) appointed in each region or country. The self-administered survey contained questions relating to the status of the five pillars of the Decade of Action. With coordination by the NDCs, experts from different sectors within each country discussed and came to an agreement on the responses to the survey questions using information available. Based on the reported number of road traffic deaths and the source of data, adjustments were made to account for the potential under-reporting due to differences in definitions as well as limitations in the Civil Registration and Vital Statistics (CRVS) in many countries. This process resulted in an estimated number of fatalities, which is presented along with the reported figure. Following this, a final consultation was carried out to allow Member States to respond to any changes that resulted from the verification and validation process. This consultation also provided Member States an opportunity to comment on the WHO estimates for road traffic fatalities, which is often much higher than the official statistics. xv GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Data sources Three primary sources of data were used in the development of this report: 1) data collected from the self-administered surveys for which responses were received from 175 Member States; 2) data collected through publicly accessible databases, including the UN Economic Commission for Europe database on road traffic conventions, government websites, as well as specialised entities such as the Global New Car Assessment Programme and road inspection data collected by the International Road Assessment Programme to measure the level of safety for different road users; and 3) Global Health Estimates generated by the WHO Department for Information, Evidence and Research. For this report, 2018 data were used for the review of vehicle standards; 2017 data were used for the review of legislation, road standards and post-crash care; fatality estimates were based on data from 2016.
SECTION 1 CURRENT STATE OF GLOBAL ROAD SAFETY CHAPTER 1 THE GLOBAL BURDEN OF ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS • 6JGPWODGTQHTQaFVTaHficFGaVJUQPVJGYQTNFŨU roads remains unacceptably high. • 4QaFVTaHficiPLWTiGUaTGVJGNGaFiPIMiNNGTQHcJiNFTGP and young adults. • /QTGVJaPJaNHQHINQDaNTQaFVTaHficFGaVJUaTG amongst pedestrians, cyclists and motorcyclists who aTGUViNNVQQQHVGPPGINGcVGFiPTQaFVTaHficU[UVGO design in many countries. • There is progress being made, however, it is far from uniform across countries. • SDG 3.6 target to halve road deaths and injuries by 2020 will not be met without drastic action. 1.35 million deaths each year 8th leading cause of death for people of all ages 3 times higher death rates in low-income countries than in high-income countries 1st leading cause of death for children and young adults 5–29 years of age Key messages 45RaG WraIfic injuries are the 8th leading cause of death for people of all ages. 6henuODerofroadtrafficdeathUcontinueUtocliODreachinIa high of 1.35 million in 2016. However, the rate of death relative to theUi\eoftheworldŨUpopulationhaUUtaDili\edanddeclinedrelative to the number of motor vehicles in recent years (10). As shown in (iIureǡdeUpitetheincreaUeinaDUolutenuODerUtherateofroad trafficdeathUhaUreOainedfairlyconUtantatarounddeathUper 100,000 population over the last 15 years. While this does suggest that the problem is not worsening, the world is far from achieving SDG target 3.6, which calls for a reduction in the number of deaths DyahalfDy .+nUufficientproIreUUiUDeinIOade. Figure Number and rate of road traffic death per population: 2000–2016 0 5 10 15 20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 20 00 20 01 20 02 20 03 20 04 20 05 20 06 20 07 20 08 20 09 20 10 20 11 20 12 20 13 20 14 20 15 20 16 R ate of death/100,000 population Number of deaths Rate of death Year 1.15 18.8 1.35 18.2 N um be r of d ea th s (m ill io ns ) During the same period the number of vehicles worldwide has steadily increased, while death rates declined from 135 deaths for every 100,000 vehicles in 2000 to approximately 64 deaths for every 100,000 vehicles in 2016 (Figure 2). This represents a reduction of more than 50% in the last 15 years suggesting some progress in OitiIatinItheadverUeeffectUofincreaUinIOotori\edtranUport. Although progress has been made, these data show that it has not occurred at a pace fast enough to compensate for rapid population IrowthandincreaUinIOotori\ationworldwide. 20 15 10 5 Chapter 1 5 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 The number of deaths on the world’s roads remains unacceptably high with 1.35 million people dying each year. Figure Number of motor vehicles and rate of road traffic death per 100,000 vehicles: 2000–2016 N um be r of v eh ic le s (m ill io ns ) R ate of death/100,000 vehicles 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 20 00 20 01 20 02 20 03 20 04 20 05 20 06 20 07 20 08 20 09 20 10 20 11 20 12 20 13 20 14 20 15 20 16 Number of vehicles Rate of death Year 135 64 0.85 2.1 A leading killer of children 4oadtrafficinjuryiUtheth leading cause of death for all age groups, up from the 9th leading cause of death (10). It is also now the leading cauUeofdeathforchildrenandyounIadultUaIedŤyearU signalling a need for a shift in the current child health agenda, which has largely neglected the road safety (11). As progress is made in the prevention and control of infectious diseases, the relative contribution of deaths from noncommunicable diseases and injuries increases
./orepeoplenowdieaUareUultofroadtrafficinjurieUthan from HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and diarrhoeal diseases (10). +nadditiontotheinjurieUanddiUaDilitieUreUultinIfroOroadtraffic crashes, the safety of roads (or lack thereof) also impacts other public health issues as it contributes to inactivity. People are less likely to walk, cycle, or use public transportation when conditions are unsafe and this has a bearing on other leading causes of death shown in Table 1 (12). These include ischaemic heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and diabetes, while increaUinIOotori\ationhaUalUoDeenlinMedwithreUpiratoryillneUUeU. 5iOultaneouUlypreventinIroadtrafficdeathUandencouraIinIactive travel in safe environments will contribute to reducing the overall burden of preventable deaths. (b ill io ns ) 65RaG WraIfic injuries are now the leading cause of death for children and young adults aged 5–29 years. Table 1: Leading causes of death, all ages, 2016 Rank Cause % of total deaths All Causes 1 Ischaemic heart disease 16.6 2 Stroke 10.2 3 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 5.4 4 Lower respiratory infections 5.2 5 #l\heiOerŨUdiUeaUeandotherdeOentiaU 3.5 6 Trachea, bronchus, lung cancers 3.0 7 Diabetes mellitus 2.8 8 4oadtrafficinjurieU 2.5 9 Diarrhoeal diseases 2.4 10 Tuberculosis 2.3 2016 WHO Global Health Estimates Progress is not uniform across regions and income levels 2roIreUUinreducinIroadtrafficdeathUoverthelaUtfewyearUvarieU UiInificantlyDetweenthedifferentreIionUandcountrieUoftheworld. There continues to be a strong association between the risk of a roadtrafficdeathandtheincoOelevelofcountrieU.9ithanaveraIe rate of 27.5 deaths per 100,000 population, the risk is more than 3 times higher in low-income countries than in high-income countries where the average rate is 8.3 deaths 100,000 population. As shown in(iIuretheDurdenofroadtrafficdeathUiUdiUproportionately hiIhaOonIlowandOiddleincoOecountrieUinrelationtotheUi\e of their populations and the number of motor vehicles in circulation. #lthouIhonlyoftheworldŨUOotorvehicleUareinlowincoOe countries, 13% of deaths occur in these countries. Chapter 1 7 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 There has been no reduction in the number of road WraIfic GeaWKs in any low-income country since 2013. Figure Proportion of population road traffic deaths and registered motor vehicles by country income category*, 2016 9% 76% 15% POPULATION 13% 80% 7% ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS 1% 59% 40% VEHICLES high-income middle-income low-income incoOelevelUareDaUedon9orld$anMclaUUificationU. There has also been more progress in reducing the number of roadtrafficdeathUaOonIOiddleandhiIhincoOecountrieUthan low-income countries. As shown in Figure 4, between 2013 and 2016, noreductionUinthenuODerofroadtrafficdeathUwereoDUervedin any low-income country, while some reductions were observed in ǡOiddleandhiIhincoOecountrieU.1verallthenuODerofdeathU increased in 104 countries during this period. Figure 4: Number of countries where a change in the number of road traffic deaths has been observed since 17 60 27 7 15 1 25 23 0 HIGH-INCOME MIDDLE-INCOME LOW-INCOME Increased No Change Decreased *These data represent countries that have seen more than a 2% change in their number of deaths since 2013, and excludes countries with populations under 200 000. The income levels are based on 2017 9orld$anMclaUUificationU. 8The rates of road WraIfic GeaWK are KiJKesW in $Irica (26.6/100,000 people) and South-East Asia (20.7/100,000 people). Inequalities across regions Countries in Africa and South-East Asia have regional rates of road trafficdeathUhiIherthantheIloDalratewith.and.deathU perpopulationreUpectively.6hiUiUfollowedDycountrieUin the'aUtern/editerraneanand9eUtern2acificwhichhavereIional rateUcoOparaDlewiththeIloDalratewithand.deathUper populationreUpectively.%ountrieUinthe#OericaUand 'uropehavetheloweUtreIionalrateUof.and.deathUper peoplereUpectively.+nterOUofproIreUUOade inthree oftheUiZreIionU #OericaU'urope9eUtern2acific therateUof deathhavedecreaUedUince. Figure Rates of road traffic death per population by :H2 regions 2013 2016 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Africa Americas Eastern Mediterranean Europe South-East Asia Western 2acific World R at e of d ea th /1 00 ,0 00 p op ul at io n WHO Region 26.1 / 26.6 15.9 / 15.6 17.9 / 18 10.4 / 9.3 19.8 / 20.7 18 / 16.9 18.3 / 18.2 9iththeeZceptionofthe'aUtern/editerraneanreIiontherateof roadtrafficdeathUperpopulationIenerallydecreaUeUaU incoOeincreaUeU .+nthe#OericaUforeZaOpletherateofroad trafficdeathUaOonIhiIhincoOecountrieUiU.per Chapter 1 9 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 population, while it is 18.3 among low-income countries. In Africa there is an observable difference between middle-income countries, which have a rate of death of 23.6 per 100,000 population and low- income countries, where the rate is 29.3 per 100,000 population. At the other end of the continuum, in Europe, the rate of road traffic deaths in middle-income countries (14.4 deaths per 100,000 population) is nearly three times higher than in high-income countries, where there are 5.1 road traffic deaths per 100,000 population. 10 More than half RI aOO rRaG WraIfic deaths are among vulnerable road users: pedestrians, cyclists and motorcyclists. Vulnerable road users disproportionately impacted The variation in rates of deaths observed across regions and countries also corresponds with differences in the types of road users most affected. Globally, pedestrians and cyclists represent 26% ofalldeathUwiththoUeuUinIOotori\edtwoandthreewheelerU comprising another 28%. Car occupants make up 29% of all deaths andthereOaininIareunidentifiedroaduUerU1. Africa has the highest proportion of pedestrian and cyclist mortalities with 44% of deathU.+n5outh'aUt#Uiaandthe9eUtern2acifictheOajorityof deathUareaOonIriderUofOotori\edtwoandthreewheelerUwho represent 43% and 36% of all deaths respectively. #lthouIhpedeUtrianUcycliUtUandriderUofOotori\edtwoandthree wheelers-are more vulnerable as a result of being less protected than car occupants, the heavy burden of deaths borne by these road users iUalUoareflectionofinfraUtructureandvehicledeUiInthatprioriti\eU carUandotherOotori\edtranUport .&eUpitetheproOinenceof vulnerable road users in many parts of the world, many of whom cannot afford or do not have access to the safest vehicles, they are still largely ignored in the planning, design and operation of roads. In many countries, roads still lack separate lanes for cyclists or adequate crossings for pedestrians and allow motor vehicle speeds that are too high (15). Similarly, while vehicle standards have been developed for car occupants, many are not widely implemented in vehicles sold in low- and middle-income countries. Only recently have more car manufacturers begun to implement standards in high-income countries to ensure that design also protects road users outside of the vehicle (16). The heavy burden of deaths borne by these groups constitutes an issue of equity, aUincoOeandUocialUtatuUDecoOeUocialdeterOinantUofroadtraffic deaths and injury (17). 1 The distribution of deaths among road user categories is based on data reported by countries. In some countries, these data are not available or are incomplete, which contributes to the large percentaIeofthoUeidentifiedaUŧotherUŨorŧunUpecifiedŨ. Chapter 1 11 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Figure 6: Distribution of deaths by road user type by WHO Region 7% 40% 4% 9% 40% 34% 23%3% 18% 22% 22% 22% 14% 36%6% 43% 25% 16% 14% 2% 48% 11%5% 9% 27% 15%2% 34% 39% 10% Eastern Mediterranean South-East Asia Africa Europe Americas Driver / passengers of 4 wheeled vehicles Motorized 2-3 wheelers Cyclists Pedestrians WORLD 29% 28%3% 23% 17% 12 Box 1: Integrating road safety and urban mobility strategies in Bogotá, Colombia $QIQVȄTGFWcGFVJGPWODGTQHVTaHficFGaVJUD[DGVYGGPaPFD[iORNGOGPViPI an integrated approach to road safety and urban mobility: • 5VTQPIOa[QTaNNGaFGTUJiRYaURTGUGPVYJicJaNNQYGFiPVGITaVGFiPUViVWViQPaNfiPaPciaNaPF TGIWNaVQT[TGHQTOUcQODiPGFYiVJOGUUaIGUVJaVTGUQPaVGFYiVJciVi\GPU • 0GYiPXGUVOGPVYaUWPFGTVaMGPiPciV[ iPHTaUVTWcVWTGQHaTQWPF75ǡDiNNiQPDGVYGGP aPFiPQXGTMOQH$WU4aRiF6TaPURQTV $46 PGaTN[ǡMOQHDiMGYa[UaPF ǡO2 of improved pedestrian infrastructure. The investment was enabled by institutional and tax reform and a sustainable mobility-oriented response to public demand for improved commuting options. • Road safety improvements included safer public transport, improved sidewalks and cycle lanes, regulations and their enforcement of seat-belt wearing and drink-driving penalties, reform of the police system, public transport improvement reducing the rate of mode shift to private cars and motorcycles and avoiding exposure to risk. • In December 2017, Bogotá adopted a new Vision Zero plan, based on the safe system approach, comprising further coordinated, integrated action to proactively reduce deaths and serious injury numbers yet further. Sources: JVVRU YYYQFiQTIUiVGUQFiQTIWMfiNGUTGUQWTcGFQcWOGPVURFH http://www.despacio.org/portfolio/bogota-bicycle-account-2014/https://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/40717%28148%292: 13 Box 2: Improving the safety of school zones in the Republic of Korea 6JG4GRWDNicQH-QTGaJaUGZRGTiGPcGFVJGrdNaTIGUVFGcNiPGiPVJGVTaHficHaVaNiV[TaVGUaOQPI OECD countries since 1972. A historical focus on transport infrastructure investment and economic development resulted in less emphasis on road safety, particularly on the safety of pedestrians suffering death and injury at the expense of wider, faster roads. To address this problem and with the aim of lowering iVUJiIJTQaFFGaVJTaVGVJG-QTGaPIQXGTPOGPVcaTTiGFQWVaPaPaN[UiUQHTQaFVTaHficiPLWT[ records and the highest risk locations in the network. A new national strategy was adopted to improve road safety through investments in school \QPGRTQITaOOGUiORTQXiPIVJGTGIWNaViQPQHUcJQQNDWUGU iPcTGaUiPIfiPGUHQTXiQNaViQPU YiVJiPUcJQQN\QPGUcNaORiPIFQYPQPWPTGIWNaVGFUcJQQNVTaPURQTVUWRRQTViPIciXiNUQciGV[ QTIaPi\aViQPUiPTQaFUaHGV[aFXQcac[aPFcQPViPWQWUN[aOGPFiPIaPFiORTQXiPITQaFUaHGV[ NGIiUNaViQP6JGUGGHHQTVUaTGTGRQTVGFVQJaXGcQPVTiDWVGFVQaTGFWcViQPiPTQaFVTaHfic deaths among children under 14 years of age between 1998 and 2012. 5QWTcG 5WN,.GG,-aPI&5.GG9;5JiO,+/[GQPI/GVaN-QTGaŨU4GFWcViQPiP%JiNF6TaHfic(aVaNiViGU PQNiciGUaPF#cJiGXGOGPVU =+PVGTPGV?)Q[aPIUi4GRWDNicQH-QTGa =ciVGF0QX?#XaiNaDNGHTQO JVVRU YYYMFGXGNQRGFiaQTIFQYPNQaFFQ!ViOG(iNG OPV iFaUaUUGV&1%P&(RFHQTiIiP(iNG0aOG -5PRFH CHAPTER 2 INSTITUTIONAL MANAGEMENT 132 countries have national strategies for road safety that are funded 109 countries have national targets for the reduction of road traffic deaths • Achieving global and national road safety goals and targets requires appropriate management capacity. • Such capacity should be demonstrated through effective institutional leadership within responsible agencies, multi-sectoral coordination arrangements, sustainable funding and data systems to measure, target and monitor progress. • The inclusion of two SDG targets focused on road safety represents a major milestone for global road safety, confirming it is an essential element of the health and development agenda. • 12 recently agreed upon global road safety performance targets will help countries to improve their road safety management and assess progress. Key messages 16 Institutional management provides the foundation for improving road safety (18). The establishment of an appropriately resourced lead agency and coordination arrangements to guide the national road safety effort; the assessment of the state of play and capacity; the setting of goals and targets in road safety strategies; plans and projectU theproviUionoffinancialandhuOanreUourceUtoaddreUUthe problem and the monitoring and evaluation of activity are all essential to implementing effective, system-wide interventions (4,18,19). Among the 175 participating countries, 140 indicated that they have a national strategy for road safety of which 132 reported having strategies that are funded. In addition to having national strategies for road safety, 109 countries reported having a national target for thereductionofroadtrafficdeathU. Similarly, while most countries (161) reported that they have established lead agency arrangements, only 130 reported that these are funded. While many countries reported having funded lead agencies and strategies, the extent of funding was not assessed. Among those with lead agencies, 159 had lead agencies that assumed responsibility for coordination, 144 had lead agencies that assumed responsibility for monitoring the status of road safety, and 149 had lead agencies that also had responsibility for enacting and revising legislation. Voluntary global road safety performance targets Against this background and in addition to the continuing provision of international guidance on a range of issues, several notable global developments have taken place since the last report was published, designed to assist countries in focusing their road safety management initiatives. 109 countries have national targets for the reduction of road WraIfic GeaWKs Chapter 2 17 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 18 149 countries have lead agencies that also assume responsibility for road safety OeJisOaWiRn In a call to action at the global level in September 2015, the United Nations General Assembly adopted a series of SDGs as part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The SDGs include UpecifictarIetUrelatedtoroadUafetyUhownin$oZandtheirUettinI repreUentUaOajorOileUtoneforIloDalroadUafetyconfirOinIroad safety as an essential element of the health and development agenda. In November 2017, Member States, with the support of WHO, the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, UNICEF, World Bank and other agencies, reached consensus on a set of 12 Voluntary Global Performance Targets for Road Safety Risk Factors and Service Delivery Mechanisms (Box 4). These voluntary targets provide a framework to guide and monitor the implementation of legislation, the establishment of standards and other interventions to prevent crashes, injuries, and deaths that are highlighted in this report. Box 3: Sustainable Development Goals for Road Safety (September 2015) By 2020, to halve the number of global deaths and injuries from road trafficcraUheU. By 2030, to provide access to safe, affordable, accessible and sustainable transport systems for all, improving road safety, notably by expanding public transport, with special attention to the needs of those in vulnerable situations, women, children, persons with disabilities, and older persons. Chapter 2 19 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 for the past 3 YEARS 6heplateauinroadtrafficdeathU UetaIainUtaincreaUeinIloDal populationandincreaUein Ootori\ationUuIIeUtUthatroad UafetyeffortUoverthepaUtyearU haveUavedliveU. s g s 4% s g b 16% s m z , s gg s s s s s 3 s s s Box 4: Global Voluntary Performance Targets for Road Safety Risk Factors and Service Delivery Mechanisms, 2017GLOBAL ROAD SAFETY PERFORMANCE TARGETS 2020 1 Target 1: By 2020, all countries establish a comprehensive multisectoral national road safety action plan with time-bound targets. Target 2: By 2030, all countries accede to one or more of the core road safety-related UN legal instruments. 2030 2 Target 3: By 2030, all new roads achieve technical standards for all road users that take into account road safety, or meet a three star rating or better. 2030 3 Target 4: By 2030, more than 75% of travel on existing roads is on roads that meet technical standards for all road users that take into account road safety. 2030 4 Target 5: By 2030, 100% of new (defined as produced, sold or imported) and used vehicles meet high quality safety standards, such as the recommended priority UN Regulations, Global Technical Regulations, or equivalent recognized national performance requirements. 2030 5 Target 6: By 2030, halve the proportion of vehicles travelling over the posted speed limit and achieve a reduction in speed- related injuries and fatalities. 2030 6 Target 7: By 2030, increase the proportion of motorcycle riders correctly using standard helmets to close to 100%. 2030 7 Target 8: By 2030, increase the proportion of motor vehicle occupants using safety belts or standard child restraint systems to cl se to 100%. 2030 8 Target 9: By 2030, halve the number of road traffic injuries and fatalities related to drivers using alcohol, and/or achieve a reduction in those related to other psychoactive substances. 2030 9 Target 10: By 2030, all countries have national laws to restrict or prohibit the use of mobile phones while driving. 2030 10 Target 11: By 2030, all countries to enact regulation for driving time and rest periods for professional drivers, and/or accede to international/regional regulation in this area. 2030 11 Target 12: By 2030, all countries establish and achieve national targets in order to minimize the time interval between road traffic crash and the provision of first professional emergency care. 2030 12 Following the request of the United Nations General Assembly, on November 22, 2017 Member States reached consensus on 12 global road safety performance targets. For more information: http://www.who.int/violence_ injury_prevention/road_tra c/road-safety-targets/en/ PILLAR 1: Road safety management PILLAR 2: Safer roads and mobility PILLAR 3: Safe vehicles PILLAR 4: Safe road users PILLAR 5: Post-crash response 20 Source: Swedish Transport Administration (2015) Analysis of Road Safety Trends 2014 — Management by Objectives for Road Safety Work, Towards the 2020 Interim Targets, Borlange. Box 5: Managing by objectives in Sweden Sweden is a global leader in road safety performance with 2.8 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants. $etYeen 1 and 1, the number of road traffic deaths decreased by 66%. 'Zperience in Sweden illustrates how better results can be achieved through long-term, perennial planning of systematic, evidence-based approaches to intervention, supported by a strong institutional delivery including leadership, sustained investment and a focus on achieving ambitious road safety goals and targets across government, business and civil society. In October 1997 the Swedish Parliament adopted Vision Zero - a new long-term goal and a new strategic framework for road safety, which many countries are now adopting. The goal, supported by interim targets and objectives, follows the public health approach of preventing deaths and serious inLury in road traffic crashes. The strategy is to create shared responsibility for the better management of all parts of the road traffic system in order to address MnoYn common errors and human vulnerabilities and thus avoid severe crash outcomes. As with the 12 voluntary global targets set in 2017, the aim is to provide focal points for meaningful, shared, multisectoral activity at national, regional and local levels. The Swedish objectives target progress to 2020 and include safe road infrastructure at national and municipal levels, a higher proportion of undivided roads with an 80 km/h speed limit and median barriers, more municipal roads with footpaths and cycle paths, better compliance with speed limits, sober driving, seat-belt use, helmet use, higher car safety ratings and a higher share of motorcycles equipped with anti-lock braking systems. Chapter 2 21 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 for the past 3 YEARS 6heplateauinroadtrafficdeathU set against a 4% increase in global population and 16% increase in motorization, suggests that road safety efforts over the past 3 years have saved lives. CHAPTER 3 LEGISLATION AND ROAD USER BEHAVIOUR 123 countries have laws that meet best practice for at least one of the five key behavioural risk factors 22 countries made improvements to bring their laws into alignment with best practice on one or more risk factors 45 countries have drink− driving laws that align with best practice 46 countries have speed laws that align with best practice 49 countries have helmet laws that align with best practice 105 countries have seat-belt laws that align with best practice 33 countries have child restraint laws that align with best practice • Enacting and enforcing legislation on key risk factors are critical components of an integrated strategy to prevent road traffic deaths and inLuries • #s measured against best practice criteria, 13 countries representing billion people have laws that meet best practice for at least one of the five Mey behavioural risM factors • &espite the progress made in improving legislation across the five Mey risM factors, enforcement remains a maLor challenge in most countries Key messages 22 countries representing 1 billion people amended their laws on one or more risk factors to bring them into alignment with best practice. 'nactinIandenforcinIleIiUlationonMeyriUMfactorUincludinIUpeed drinMdrivinIOotorcyclehelOetuUeuUeofUeatDeltUandchild reUtraintUyUteOUarecriticalcoOponentUofaninteIratedUtrateIy topreventroadtrafficdeathUincountrieU Ť ..eIiUlation toIetherwithUtandardUandcoOpliancereIiOeUforthelicenUinI anddiUSualificationofdriverUandriderUneedUtoDealiInedwith enforceOentOediacaOpaiInUand inUoOecaUeU invehicle OeaUureUUuchaUtheavailaDilityofUeatDeltUandfitOentUtoDe effective .2oliceenforceOentinitiativeUneedtoDeUwiftfreSuent andUuUtainedoveralonIperiodoftiOetoincreaUetheperceived riUMofDeinIcauIhtandpuniUhedDutalUorandoOandwideUpread toincreaUethechanceofdetection.)iventheOultiUectoralnature ofroadUafetylawUandenforceOentUtandardUareUetDyUeveral IovernOentaIencieUincludinIpuDlichealthtranUport internal affairUUcienceandtechnoloIyandoccupationalhealthandUafety andtheUereSuireacoordinatedeffortacroUUUectorU . .eIiUlationonMeyriUMfactorUfroOparticipatinIcountrieUhaUDeen reviewedaIainUtDeUtpracticecriteriainordertoidentifyIapUand opportunitieUforiOproveOent.%urrentlycountrieUrepreUentinI nearlyDillionpeoplehavelawUthatOeetDeUtpracticeforatleaUt oneofthefiveMeyDehaviouralriUMfactorU.#UUhownin6aDle countrieUhavelawUOeetinIDeUtpracticeforoneriUMfactor havelawUOeetinIDeUtpracticefortworiUMfactorU have lawUOeetinIDeUtpracticeonthreeriUMfactorU havelawU OeetinIpracticeonfourriUMfactorU andonlyfivecountrieUhave lawUthatOeetDeUtpracticeforallfiveMeyriUMfactorU:UpeedinI drinMdrivinIuUeofOotorcyclehelOetUuUeofUeatDeltUanduUe ofchildreUtraintU. Chapter 3 ).1$#.56#6754'21461041#&5#('6;2018 One-third of countries rated their enforcement as «good» for any of the laws related to the 5 key risk factors. Table 2: Number of countries and populations covered by laws meeting best practice Number of risk factors covered by laws Number of Countries Total Population covered riUMfactor riUMfactorU riUMfactorU riUMfactorU riUMfactorU 6otal UpeedinIdrinMdrivinIuUeofOotorcyclehelOetUuUeofUeatDeltUuUeofchildreUtraintU 5incecountrieUhaveaOendedtheirlawUononeorOore MeyriUMfactorUtoDrinItheOinlinewithDeUtpracticecoverinIa potentialadditionaloneDillionpeopleoroftheworldŨUpopulation. #UUhownin(iIureUoOeiOproveOentwaUOadeforeachofthe fiveDehaviouralriUMfactorUwiththelarIeUtiOproveOentfoundfor drinMdrivinIlawU tencountrieU followedDyOotorcyclehelOet lawU fivecountrieU childreUtraintU fourcountrieU andUeatDeltU
threecountrieU .#UareUultofonecountryaliIninIwithDeUtpractice andoneOaMinIchanIeUthatDrouIhtitoutofaliInOentwith DeUtpracticethenuODerofcountrieUwithlawUaliIninIwithDeUt practiceforUpeedreOainedtheUaOe.&eUpitetheproIreUUOade iniOprovinIleIiUlationacroUUthefiveMeyriUMfactorUenforceOent reOainUaOajorchallenIeinOoUtcountrieU.1nlyonethirdof countrieUratedtheirenforceOentaUūIoodŬ eiIhtoraDoveona Ucaleof\erototenaUratedDyreUpondentU foranyoftheriUM factorUindicatinIthatOanyoftheUecountrieUarenotreapinIthe fullDenefitoftheirleIiUlation. 26 Figure 7: Countries with laws meeting best practice on 5 risk factors, 2014, 2017 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Speed Drink-driving Seat-belt Helmet Child restraints Countries 2014 Additional countries in 2017 N um be r of c ou nt ri es 46 / 0 35 / 10 102 / 3 44 / 5 29 / 4 Figure 8: Populations covered by laws meeting best practice, 2014, 2017 N um be r of p eo pl e co ve re d (B ill io ns ) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Speed Drink-driving Seat-belt Helmet Child restraints Number of people 2014 Additional number of people in 2017 2.7 / 0.24 2.15 / 0.18 5.14 / 0.11 2.27 / 0.4 0.55 / 0.1 Chapter 3 ).1$#.56#6754'21461041#&5#('6;2018 Managing speed 6heUpeedatwhichavehicletravelUdirectlyinfluenceUtheriUMof acraUhaUwellaUtheUeverityofinjurieUandliMelihoodofdeath reUultinIfroOthatcraUh .'ffectiveUpeedOanaIeOentiUaUUuch centraltoOoUtinterventionUtrateIieU.6heUettinIandenforceOent ofUpeed liOitU repreUentUaMeycoOponentofcoOprehenUive UpeedOanaIeOentaUpartofaninteIratedapproachinvolvinI conUiderationoftheprotectiveSualityofroadUroadUideUvehicleU andhuOantolerancethreUholdUfordeathandUeriouUinjury . 'venUOallreductionUinUpeedaffectfatalandUeriouUcraUhriUMand theeffectiveneUUofroadandvehicleinterventionUtopreventdeath andUeriouUinjury . ´ #nacceptedprincipleiUthateveryincreaUeinOeanUpeed produceUaincreaUeinthefatalcraUhriUMandaincreaUe intheUeriouUcraUhriUM . ´ #reductioninaveraIeUpeedcanreducethenuODeroffatalitieU Dy . 5OallreductionUinUpeedalUoinfluencethreUholdUfordeathand UeriouUinjuryriUMindifferentcraUhUcenarioU: ´ (orpedeUtrianUhitDycarfrontUthedeathriUMriUeUrapidly
.tiOeUfroOMO/htoMO/h . ´ +ncartocarUideiOpactUthefatalityriUMforcaroccupantUiU atMO/h . ´ (orDeltedoccupantUintheDeUtdeUiInedcarU 'uro0%#2Utar thethreUholdforUevereandfatalinjuryhaveDeenidentifiedaU ǡMO/h travelUpeedatiOpact inheadoncartocarcraUheU . 46 countries representing 3 billion people currently have laws setting speed limits that align with best practice. 4eviewofUpeedlawU 6hreeDeUtpracticecriteriawereuUedintheaUUeUUOentofleIiUlation onUpeedlawU: ´ preUenceofanationalUpeedliOitlaw ´ urDanUpeedliOitUnoteZceedinIǡMO/h DaUedonreUearch lowerliOitUarerecoOOendedforurDanareaUandǡMO/hfor reUidentialareaUandareaUwithhiIhpedeUtrianactivity and ´ localauthoritieUhavinIthepowertoOodifyUpeedliOitU toadapt todifferentconteZtU . 6hereUultUUhowthatcountrieU repreUentinIoftheworldŨU population haveUetnationalUpeedliOitlawUhoweveronlyof theUecountrieUhavelawUthatOeetallthreeDeUtpracticecriteria. 5inceoneadditionalcountryaliIneditUleIiUlationwithDeUt practiceandonecountryOadechanIeUthatreUultedintheleIiUlation nolonIeraliIninIwithDeUtpracticeonUpeedOanaIeOent.#OonI countrieUwithleIiUlationOeetinIat leaUtoneofthethreeDeUt practicecriteriacountrieUprovideforUpeedliOitUeSualtoor underMO/hinurDanareaUandprovidelocalauthoritieUwith thepowertoOodifyUpeedliOitUintheirlawU.#UUhownin(iIure thepreUenceofDeUtpracticelawUwaUfoundtoDeOorecoOOon aOonIhiIhincoOecountrieU thanOiddleorlowincoOe countrieU andreUpectively . 'nforceOentcaOpaiInUplayaniOportantroleinenUurinIreUpect forandcoOpliancewithUpeedliOitU .%oODinationUofDoth OanualandautoOatedenforceOentOethodUcanincreaUethe proDaDilityofdetectinIviolationU .#utoOatedenforceOent
UuchaUfiZedcaOeraandOoDileinvehiclefitteddeviceU UyUteOU arehiIhlycoUteffectiveandaniOportantconUiderationeUpecially for lowreUourceUettinIU .#totalofcountrieUreported conductinIUpeedenforceOentactivitieU.&eUpitethefactthat The presence of best practice laws was found to be more common in high-income countries than in middle- or low- income countries. Chapter 3 29 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 of the 157 countries indicated that they do employ some automated methods, for the majority of countries, manual speed enforcement remains the dominant method of enforcement. As such, it is not surprising that only 30 countries rated their enforcement of speed laws as “good” (eight or above on a scale of zero to ten). Figure 9: Countries with speed laws meeting best practice, 2017 Speed limits on urban roads ≤ 50 km/h and can be modified Speed limits on urban roads ≤ 50 km/h but cannot be modified No speed law or speed limit on urban roads > 50 km/h Not applicable Data not available 30 Box 6: Setting urban speed limits in Thailand 5etting speed limits appropriate to road function, layout and design and which taMe account of the safety needs of all creates a frameworM for safe road use 6ypically, maZimum speed limits across the networM are set at national level on the initiative of roads and transport authorities 6hailandŨs current urban speed law was established in 1 and sets a maZimum speed of 0ǡMm/h for urban areas 6he 0 Mm/h limit on urban roads is far from aligning with current best practice, which recommends a maZimum speed limit for urban areas of 50 Mm/h and lower limits in areas where pedestrian volumes are high, such as residential or city streets 5ince 015, efforts have been made to amend the national speed legislation but were unsuccessful +n 015, the focus shifted from changing the national legislation to empowering and encouraging provinces to use the provision in the law to set their own speed limits #dditionally, guidelines have been provided for local governments to set appropriate speed limits +n 01, with guidelines in place for setting speed limits in municipalities,ǡprovinces have started to set more appropriate speed limits, and by 5eptember 01, half of the provinces have set urban speed limits not eZceeding 50 Mm/h 6his eZample illustrates the importance of local initiatives in moving towards appropriate urban speed limits, when national speed limit setting fails to move in line with best practice 5ources /inisterial 4egulation 0umber 1 )uidelines for 5etting 5peed .imits in City and /unicipality Chapter 3 ).1$#.56#6754'21461041#&5#('6;2018 Reducing drink-driving +tiUeUtiOatedthatDetweenandofallroaddeathUarereported aUalcoholrelated .&rivinIafterdrinMinIalcoholUiInificantly increaUeUtheriUMofacraUhandtheUeverityofthatcraUh . #nyaOountofalcoholhaUDeenUhowntoiOpairdrivinIDehaviour andthereiUarapidandeZponentialincreaUeinriUMforlevelUeZceedinI .ǡI/dlfortheIeneraldrivinIpopulation.4educinIDloodalcohol concentrationU $#% froO.ǡI/dlto.ǡI/dlOaycontriDutetoa reductionofŤinalcoholrelatedroadtrafficfatalitieU . 9hile$#%liOitUprovidedforinleIiUlationneedtoDeatthecoreof effortUtoaddreUUdrinMinIanddrivinIaninteIratedapproachto interventioninvolveUcoODinedpuDlicityandhiIhviUiDilitypolice enforceOentandthefitOentofalcolocMUincoOOercialandpuDlic tranUportvehicleU .+tiUDeUtpracticetoUetliOitUof.ǡI/dl foryounIandnovicedriverUinviewoftheirIreaterUuUceptiDilityto iOpairOentDyalcoholatlowerlevelUandtheirdiUproportionately hiIherriUMofDeinIinvolvedinfatalcraUheU thouIhnotincluded aUaDeUtpracticecriteriaforthiUanalyUiUtheUettinIofalower liOitof.ǡI/dlhaUalUoDeenconUideredforcoOOercialdriverU duetothefactthattheytranUportpaUUenIerUandthepotential deathUandinjurieUinflictedDytrucMcolliUionUiUIreaterthanother paUUenIervehicleU . 4eviewofdrinMdrivinIlawU 6hreeDeUtpracticecriteriawereconUideredfortheaUUeUUOentof drinMdrivinIlawU: ´ preUenceofanationaldrinMdrivinIlaw ´ $#%liOitfortheIeneralpopulationnoteZceedinI.ǡI/dl and ´ $#%liOitforyounIandnovicedriverUnoteZceedinI.ǡI/dl. 45 countries representing 2.3 billion people currently have drink-driving laws that align with best practice. 32 While nearly all of the participating countries have national drink- driving laws in place, not all specify a BAC limit which makes it difficult to enforce the law. Of the 174 with laws, 136 countries provide for BAC threshold limits. Among these, 45 countries meet all three best practice criteria for drink-driving laws with specified thresholds for both the general population (0.05 g/dl) as well as for young and novice drivers (0.02 g/dl). Of those countries with laws that meet at least one of the best practice criteria, 89 countries specify the recommended BAC limit of 0.05 g/dl for the general population; 48 specify a BAC limit of 0.02 g/dl for young and novice drivers; while 53 have provisions for reduced limits of 0.02 g/dl among commercial drivers. Progress has been made since 2014 with an additional ten countries now meeting overall best practice for drink-driving laws, representing coverage of an additional 180 million people. As shown in Figure 10, more high-income countries (58%) have laws that meet overall best practice criteria for drink-driving than middle-income countries or low-income countries (40% and 2%, respectively). Whereas 60% of countries with laws meeting best practice are from the European region only 2% are from the African region. Enforcement that incorporates random breath testing strategies (as opposed to those that are targeted during certain times and in certain areas) is more effective in increasing both the perceived and actual probability of being caught and so deterring drinking and driving (38). This review showed that more than half of all countries undertake year round random breath testing Chapter 3 33 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Data on drink-driving remains limited in many countries and is necessary to understanding the magnitude of the problem as well as to evaluate the impact of efforts to prevent it. Of those surveyed, 94 countries have data on road traffic deaths, which involve alcohol consumption amongst drivers, mostly high- and middle-income countries and only five low-income. Estimates for many countries are based on data from crash reports that generally underestimate the extent of the problem. 125 countries reported that fatally injured drivers are tested for alcohol of which 72 reported that the testing is routinely carried out for all cases. Figure 10: Countries with drink-driving laws meeting best practice, 2017 Data not available Not applicable Alcohol consumption legally prohibited No drink–driving law/Law not based on BAC/ BAC > 0.08 g/dl BAC ≤ 0.05 g/dl and BAC for young/novice drivers ≤ 0.02 g/dl BAC between 0.05 g/dl and 0.08 g/dl or BAC for young/novice drivers > 0.02 g/dl 34 35 Box 7: Effectiveness of changing legal blood alcohol concentration limits in Brazil $ra\ilŨs first drinMdriving law based on $#C limits was enacted in 1 maMing it an offence to drive with a $#C in eZcess of 00 g/dl # study of road fatalities in 5ao 2aulo, $ra\il found that 3 of people Milled in road traffic crashes had $#C levels greater than 001ǡg/dl and 4 of drivers presented had $#C levels greater than 00 g/dl +n order to tacMle this public health threat, the $ra\ilian government enacted the new ū&ry .awŬ in ,une 00, which reduced the legal $#C limit from 00ǡg/dl to 00ǡg/dl /onitoring in the capital and 5tate of 5ao 2aulo between 001 to 010 indicated that the new law resulted in significant reductions in inLuries and fatalities 6he effect was stronger for fatalities a decrease of ƈ and ƈ10 in the average monthly rate in the 5tate and capital of 5ao 2aulo, respectively than for inLuries ƈ1 and ƈ3 9hile the new law resulted in casualty reduction, barriers to its application remained 0otably, drivers had a right to refuse a $#C test, which made it difficult to impose criminal sanctions related to $#C test levels 6he $ra\ilian government subseSuently amended the ū&ry .awŬ in &ecember 01 to allow police officers to use alternative evidence eg clinical signs or videos to support a drinMdriving offence 6he amendment also made it illegal to have any measurable alcohol in the blood and doubled the original 1 fines 5ources #ndreuccetti ), Carvalho *$, Cherpitel C,, et al 4educing the legal blood alcohol concentration limit for driving in developing countries # time for change! 4esults and implications derived from a time series analysis 001 10 conducted in $ra\il #ddiction 011 10 1 14131 /oura 'C, /alta &C, /orais 0eto 1., 2enna )1, 6emporao ,) /otor vehicle driving after binge drinMing, $ra\il, 00 to 00 4ev 5aude 2ublica 00 43 5 14 Increasing motorcycle helmet use $etweenandthenuODeroftwoandthreewheelerUin circulationontheworldŨUroadUincreaUedDy.+nthetencountrieU withtheIreateUtnuODerUoftheUevehicleUOotorcycleUcoOpriUe Oorethanofthenationalvehiclefleet. *eadinjurieUaretheleadinIcauUeofdeathandOajortrauOafor twoandthreewheeledOotorvehicleuUerU .%orrecthelOet uUecanleadtoareductionintheriUMoffatalinjurieUanda reductionintheriUMofheadinjurieU .6heuUeofhelOetU iUaUUuchaniOportantOeanUofpreventinIroadtrafficdeathU. .eIiUlation Uhould provide for helOet uUe Dy all paUUenIerU includinIchildrenandUhouldDeUupportedDypuDlicawareneUU caOpaiInUandUuUtainedenforceOent.)oodhelOetdeUiInand correctuUeofUtandardhelOetUwhenridinIaOotorcyclearehiIhly iOportant . 4eviewofOotorcyclehelOetlawU (iveDeUtpracticecriteriawereconUideredfortheaUUeUUOentof OotorcyclehelOetlawU: ´ preUenceofanationalOotorcyclehelOetlaw ´ lawapplyinItoDothdriverUandpaUUenIerU ´ lawapplyinItoallroadandenIinetypeU ´ lawUpecifyinIthathelOetUUhouldDefaUtened and ´ lawreferrinIto/UpecifyinIaUtandardforhelOetU. #UUhownin(iIureoftheǡcountrieUthathaveOandatory helOetlawUforOotorcycliUtUonly repreUentinIoftheworld 49 countries representing 2.7 billion people currently have laws on motorcycle helmet use that align with best practice. Chapter 3 37 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 38 population) have laws that meet all five best practice criteria. Among those with laws that meet at least one best practice criteria, 160 have laws to protect all riders (drivers and passengers); 82 have laws requiring helmets to be fastened; and 93 refer to helmet standards in their laws. Since 2014, five countries have made amendments to existing legislation to align them with best practice, providing coverage to an additional 397 million people. Despite the prevalence of motorcycles in low-income settings, only 6% of the countries with laws meeting best practice criteria are low-income countries. Only 63 countries, representing 33% of the world’s population, restrict child passengers on motorcycles. Enforcement of helmet-wearing laws are generally weak; only 61 countries rate their enforcement of helmet-wearing laws as “good” (eight or above on a scale of 0 to 10). Similarly, less than half of countries surveyed (75) have data available on helmet-wearing. The majority of these countries are high-income countries; only six low-income countries reported having data on helmet-wearing. Even when it is collected, available data vary largely in terms of quality and methodologies used and very few report on national data. 39 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Chapter 3 Figure 11: Countries with helmet laws meeting best practice, 2017 All riders, roads, engines, fastening and standard All riders, roads, engines and either fastening or standard Not covering all riders or roads or engines / no law Not applicable Data not available 105 countries representing 5.3 billion people currently have laws on seat-belt use that align with best practice. Increasing seat-belt use 9earinIaUeatDeltreduceUtheriUMofdeathaOonIdriverUand frontUeatoccupantUDyandtheriUMofdeathandUeriouU injurieUaOonIrearUeatoccupantUDy ./andatoryUeatDelt leIiUlationiUhiIhlyeffectiveinproOotinIUeatDeltwearinIandiU acoUteffectiveOeanUofreducinIroadtrafficdeathUandinjurieU eUpeciallyinrapidlyOotori\inIlowandOiddleincoOecountrieU
.#UiUthecaUeforotherriUMfactorUincreaUinIUeatDeltuUe reSuireUOultiUectoralactionDeyondtheUettinIofappropriate leIiUlation .6hiUincludeUcoODinedpuDlicityandenforceOent andtheproviUionofinvehicleUeatDeltreOinderUwhichhaveDeen UhowntoDehiIhlyeffectiveinincreaUinIuUe . 4eviewofUeatDeltlawU 6woDeUtpracticecriteriawereconUideredfortheaUUeUUOentof UeatDeltleIiUlation: ´ preUenceofanationalUeatDeltlaw and ´ lawapplyinItofrontandrearUeatoccupantU. #UUhownin(iIureofthecountrieUwithnationalUeatDelt lawUrepreUentinIoftheworldŨUpopulationhaveadopted theDeUtpracticeofOandatinItheuUeofUeatDeltUDyDothfront andrearUeatoccupantU.1nlyofcountrieUwithUeatDeltlawU OeetinIDeUtpracticearelowincoOecoutrieU. 5inceUevencountrieUhaveOadechanIeUtotheirUeatDelt leIiUlation:fiveadditionalcountrieUnowhavelawUthatOeetDeUt practicewhiletwocountrieUhaveOadechanIeUthatDrinItheir lawUoutofaliInOentwithDeUtpractice.6henet increaUeof countrieUaccountUforanadditionalOillionpeoplecoveredDy 41 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Chapter 3 best practice seat-belt laws. Enforcement of seat-belt laws is poor with only 40 countries rating their enforcement of seat-belt use laws as “good” (eight or above on a scale of zero to ten). Less than half of countries collect data on seat-belt wearing and the majority of these are high- and middle-income countries. Figure 12: Countries with seat-belt laws meeting best practice, 2017 Seat-belt law applies to all occupants Seat-belt law applies to front seats occupants No seat-belt law or law applies to driver only Not applicable Data not available Increasing child restraint use %hildreUtraintUarehiIhlyeffectiveinreducinIinjuryanddeathto childoccupantU Ť .6heuUeofchildreUtraintUcanleadtoat leaUtareductionindeathU .6heDenefitUofchildreUtraintU haveDeenUhowntoDeIreateUtforyounIerchildrenparticularly thoUeunderfouryearUofaIe .(orchildrenyearUDooUter UeatuUehaUDeenaUUociatedwithareductionintheoddU ofinjurycoOparedtouUinIaUeatDeltalone .6hepoUitionof childrenineitherfrontorrearUeatUiUalUoiOportantaUahiIherriUM forinjuryiUaUUociatedwiththefrontUeatinIpoUition . 4eviewofchildreUtraintlawU $eUtpracticecriteriaforchildreUtraintUhaveDeenfurtherdeveloped UincethepreviouUreport inviewoftheadditionaldatacollected forthiUreview.(ourDeUtpracticecriteriawereconUideredinthe aUUeUUOentofchildreUtraintlawU: ´ preUenceofanationalchildreUtraintlaw ´ reSuireOentforchildrentouUeachildreUtraintatleaUtuntilten yearUofaIeorcOinheiIht ´ reUtrictionUforchildrenunderacertainaIeorheiIhtfroOUittinI inthefrontUeat ´ referencetoorUpecificationofaUtandardforchildreUtraintU. #UUhownin(iIurecountrieUhaveanationalchildreUtraintlaw. #OonItheUecountrieUrepreUentinIoftheworldpopulation OeettheoverallDeUtpracticecriteriaforchildreUtraintU.1fthoUewith lawUthatOeetatleaUtoneoftheDeUtpracticecriteriacountrieU 33 countries representing 652 million people currently have laws on the use of child restraints that align with best practice. Chapter 3 43 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 refer to a standard for child restraints, 113 restrict seating children in the front seat (including 61 banning front seating) and 41 countries address the age and/or height criteria of ten years of age or 135 cm in height in the legislation. Since 2014, four countries have made amendments to legislation on the use of child restraints to bring them in line with best practice. Among those with laws meeting best practice, 85% are high-income countries and 15% are middle-income countries. No low-income countries have laws on the use of child restraint systems that meet best practice. Best practice laws are most common among countries in the European region; in all other regions, less than 7% of countries have laws on the use of child restraint systems that align with best practice. Only 22 countries rate their enforcement of child restraint laws as “good” (eight or above on a scale of zero to ten) and only 35 collect data on child restraint use. Figure 13: Countries with child restraint laws meeting best practice, 2017 Children up to 10 years/135 cm covered, standard, front seating restrictions Children under 4 covered, those between 4 and 10 insufficiently covered or children up to 10 years/135 cm covered, no standard Children under 4 insufficiently covered or no law or law based on age/height or front seating restrictions only Not applicable Data not available 44 Chapter 3 ).1$#.56#6754'21461041#&5#('6;2018 Reducing distracted driving &iUtracteddrivinIDyOoDiledeviceUUuchaUUOartphoneUand/ orotherinvehicledeviceUiUaIrowinIriUMfactorlinMedtoUeriouU neIativeoutcoOeU Ť .6heuUeofaOoDilephonewhiledrivinI iUwideUpreadaOonIUtyounIandnovicedriverUandIrowinI aOonIUtOotorcycliUtUaddinIfurthertothealreadyhiIhriUMof craUhanddeathaOonItheUeIroupU.6elephoneuUewhiledrivinI
whetherhandheldorhandUfree increaUeUtheliMelihoodofDeinI involvedinacraUhDyafactoroffourwhileteZtinIincreaUeUcraUh riUMDyaroundtiOeU .&riverreactiontiOeUhavealUoDeen UhowntoDeUlowerwithtelephoneuUethanwithout.5iOilarly incartelephoneconverUationUiOpairdriverUOorethanliUteninIto theradioortalMinItopaUUenIerU .&eUpitetheIrowinIDody ofevidenceontheriUMUaUUociatedwithdiUtracteddrivinIthere reOainUadearthofevidenceontheeffectiveneUUofinterventionU toreducediUtracteddrivinI. 4eviewofOoDilephonelawU 6hereiUinUufficientevidenceontheeffectiveneUUofleIiUlationto liOitorprohiDittheuUeofOoDiledeviceUwhiledrivinItoeUtaDliUh DeUtpracticecriteria.#totalofcountrieUhaveanationalOoDile phonelawinplaceandOoUt prohiDittheuUeofhandheldOoDile phoneUwhiledrivinI.+nterOUofproIreUUOadefouradditional countrieUhavenationalOoDilephonelawUthouIhtheiOpactof thiUcannotDeaUUeUUedatthiUtiOeaUthereiUcurrentlynotaDeUt practiceforleIiUlationondiUtracteddrivinI. )iventhedifficultyindetectinItheUeDehaviourUenforceOentand datacollectionreOainchallenIinI.countrieUroutinelycollect dataonthiUriUMlarIelythrouIhreIularpolicecraUhreportUwith fewreIularoDUervationalUtudieU.#nadditionalcountrieUhave UoOenonroutinelycollecteddatafroOreUearch. 64 countries routinely collect data on distracted driving through police reports and observational studies. Reducing drug-driving 6houIhOoredifficulttoSuantifythanalcoholtheuUeof illeIal druIUandcertainpreUcriptionOedicationUiUincreaUinIlylinMedto roadtrafficcraUheUanddeathUthouIhthereareOanycoOpleZitieU aroundteUtinIandeUtaDliUhinIthecauUalityofdifferentdruIU
.6heconcoOitantuUeofdruIUandalcoholpreUentUfurther coOpleZitieUandriUMU .6here iUadearthofdataonhow freSuentlydriverUuUeand/orareiOpairedDydruIUandfewcountrieU UyUteOaticallyOeaUuretheeZtentofthedruIdrivinIproDleO. &atafroOthe7nited5tateUUhowthataOonIfatallyinjureddriverU forwhoOdruIteUtreUultUwereavailaDle.werepoUitivein anincreaUefroO.in .6heriUMofcraUhand deathvarieUdependinIonthetypeofpUychoactivedruI.6heuUe ofaOphetaOineUincreaUeUtheriUMforfatalcraUheUDyfivetiOeU andriUMfornonfatalcraUheUDyUiZtiOeU. 4eviewofdruIdrivinIlawU 6hereiU inUufficientevidenceontheeffectiveneUUof leIiUlation toliOitorprohiDitdruIdrivinItoeUtaDliUhDeUtpracticecriteria. 6heOajorityofcountrieUUurveyed haveanationaldruIdrivinI lawinplace.6hiUincludeUtwocountrieUthathaveadoptedlawUto prohiDitdruIdrivinIUincethouIhtheiOpactofthiUcannot DeaUUeUUedatthiUtiOeaUthereiUcurrentlynotaDeUtpracticefor leIiUlationondruIdrivinI. 6heeZtentofthedruIdrivinIproDleOiUinUufficientlyMnownin OanycountrieU.1nlyreporteddoinIUoOedruIteUtinIaOonI fatallyinjureddriverU. 75 countries reported doing some drug testing among fatally injured drivers. Chapter 3 47 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 CHAPTER 4 SAFE ROADS 88% of pedestrian travel is on 1- or 2-star roads 86% of bicyclist travel is on 1- or 2-star roads 67% of motorcyclist travel is on 1- or 2-star roads • When safety is taken into consideration during the planning, design and operation of roads, substantial contributions can be made to reducing road traffic deaths and injuries. • For pedestrians, cyclists and motorcyclists, the lack of specific infrastructure features that can ensure them a safe journey leaves them vulnerable to injury. • Road safety inspections and the star rating of roads can provide mechanisms to identify failings in infrastructure which can affect a crash likelihood and severity. • Upgrading high-risk roads and providing access to safe and affordable public transport will reduce road traffic death and injury. Key messages 50 Road infrastructure is strongly linked to fatal and serious injury causation in road collisions, and research has shown that improvements to the road infrastructure are critical to improving overall road safety (69). The aim is to create a safe road environment, rather than placing the main responsibility for safety on users who fail to deal with the intrinsic dangers of the roads. Head-on crashes, for example, occur on undivided roads while the lack of a footpath or a safe crossing presents a major risk for death and injury to pedestrians (3).(orcycliUtUandOotorcycliUtUthelacMofUpecific infrastructure features that ensure a safe journey like cycle lanes and motorcycle lanes leaves them vulnerable to impact and injury (69). The provision of affordable and safe public transport as well as facilities for safe walking and cycling are highly important. Review of the use of standards and tools to improve the safety quality of roads This report has continued to track the status of countries in setting design standards, undertaking audits and/or the star rating of new road infrastructure and inspection/star rating of existing roads. Three new questions in this report involve: ´ the use of dedicated funding to upgrade high-risk roads. In most countries and cities, more than half of all road deaths and severe injuries happen on less than 10% of the road length (70). The return on investment for improving road infrastructure safety on these high-risk roads is substantial. ´ design standards that specifically meet the needs of vulnerable road users. Historic road design practice and standards have focussed on meeting the capacity and travel time needs of motorized vehicleUwhereaUtheUpecificneedUofvulneraDleroaduUerUhave often been secondary considerations. 114 countries currently undertake systematic assessments or star rating of existing roads. Chapter 4 51 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 88% of pedestrian travel occurs on roads that are unsafe. ´ the provision of affordable and safe public transport. In urban areas, where an additional two billion people are expected to be living in cities by 2045, the provision of affordable and safe public transport is an essential investment for sustainable mobility. While design standards exist in most countries, the way in which they are applied to a new road design is influenced by the complexity of the location (urban, rural, utility services, road users present), the priority on safety outcomes and the budgets allocated for the project. This review shows that 112 countries have national design standards for the management of speed. Ninety-two countries have national design standards for separating pedestrians and cyclists roaduUerUfroOOotori\edtraffic.1nehundredandthirtytwo countries have national design standards for the provision of safe crossings for pedestrians and cyclists. Road safety inspections and the star rating of existing roads provide a mechanism to identify any existing road design and speed management features that can affect crash likelihood and severity. Systematic risk rate mapping, performance tracking and safety rating 52 using objective data are carried out by international and national road assessment programmes. (71). Road protection scores assess the level of protection against the risk of death and serious injury in collisions for all main user groups afforded by the road environment. Each road is given a star rating from one to five stars. Minimum star ratings for the infrastructure safety of major roads are increasingly being used in targeted programmes and are recommended, especially where high-quality crash injury data are not yet available or where capacity is still being built for safety engineering (69). A sample of recent of International Road Assessment Programme (iRAP) assessments from 54 countries, covering 358,000 kilometers of rural and urban roads with over 700 billion vehicle kilometres of travel a year has highlighted that 88% of pedestrian travel is on one- or two-star roads, 86% of bicycle travel is one- or two-star roads, 67% of motorcycle travel is on one- or two-star roads, and 44% of vehicle travel is one- or two-star roads (72). One hundred forty-seven countries reported carrying out road safety audits or star ratings for new roads while 114 countries reported doing safety assessments or star rating on existing roads. The implementation of a dedicated funding stream and targeted programmes to upgrade high-risk roads and provide access to safe and affordable public transport will help to systematically eliminate the highest-risk roads in a country and reduce death and injury. This review found that 116 countries have a systematic programme in place for targeting and upgrading high-risk locations on existing roads. Additionally, 77 countries reported investing in mass transit while 103 countries reported having formal policies for formal bus/ mini-bus systems. Chapter 4 53 ).1$#.56#6754'21461041#&5#('6;2018 Table 3: Star rating of roads – what makes a road safe? Star Rating No sidewalk, No safe crossing, MO/htraffic No cyclepath, No safe crossings, poor road surface, MO/htraffic No motorcycle lane, undivided road, trees close to road, winding alignment, MO/htraffic Undivided road with narrow centerline, trees close to road, winding alignment, MO/htraffic Sidewalk present, pedestrian refuge, street lighting, MO/htraffic 1nroadcyclelane good road surface, street lighting, MO/htraffic 1nroadOotorcycle lane, undivided road, good road surface, >5m to any roadside hazards, MO/htraffic Wide centerline separating oncoming vehicles, >5m to any roadside hazards, MO/htraffic Sidewalk present, signalized crossing with refuge, street lighting, 40 km/h 1ffroaddedicated cycle facility, raised platform crossing of major roads, street lighting &edicated separated motorcycle lane, central hatching, no roadside hazards, straight alignment, MO/htraffic Safety barrier separating oncoming vehicles and protecting roadside hazards, straight alignment, MO/htraffic * For details on the full model for all road users and more urban and rural examples see https://www.irap.org//3-star-or-better/what-is-star-rating. 54 Box 8: 5-star school journey for Lusaka students Sub-Saharan Africa has the world’s highest road traffic injury rates. For students of Justin Kabwe Primary School in Lusaka, Zambia, their journey to school is now much safer, with access roads raised from one- and two-star dangerous to five-star safety excellence, assessed using iRAP’s Star Rating for Schools app. Four children were injured on roads around the school before the school was upgraded. 4,700 vehicles pass the entrance, 200 people cross the road and over 900 people walk along the road past the school every peak hour. Crossing the road into school used to be very dangerous. Thanks to a project completed in November 2017, infrastructure improvements have vastly improved safety, assessed using the Star Rating for Schools (SR4S) app powered by iRAP’s Pedestrian Star Rating. The improvements included the addition of a raised platform pedestrian crossing, footpaths, fencing and a school zone warning, removal of vehicle parking which blocked sight lines, and reduced operating speeds of passing vehicles. Four locations with high pedestrian traffic flows were star rated for safety using the SR4S app before and after the infrastructure improvements. The before and after star rating results captured by SR4S reflected a major improvement in safety. The school’s main entrance intersection and nearby corner achieved star rating improvements from one to five stars and two to five stars respectively. Source: iRAP, 2018 https://www.irap.org/media-centre/case-studies/ Chapter 4 55 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 CHAPTER 5 SAFE VEHICLES 40 countries implement 7 or 8 of the priority UN vehicle safety standards 124 countries apply 0 or 1 of the 8 priority UN vehicle safety standards • Vehicle safety features such as electronic stability control and advanced braking make a substantial contribution to reducing road traffic deaths and injuries. • Despite these potential benefits, not all new and used vehicles are required to be equipped with these and other internationally recognized vehicle safety standards. • New Car Assessment Programmes (NCAPs) have proved highly effective in raising levels of vehicle safety significantly above minimum regulatory requirements. Key messages 58 40 countries representing 1 billion people, have implemented at least 7 or all of the 8 priority UN vehicle safety standards. Vehicle safety is increasingly critical to the prevention of crashes and haUDeenUhowntocontriDutetoUuDUtantialreductionUinthenuODerof deathUandUeriouUinjurieUontheroadU .(eatureUUuchaUelectronic stability control and advanced braking are examples of vehicle safety standards that can prevent a crash from occurring or reduce the severity ofinjurieU .&eUpitetheUepotentialDenefitUnotallnewanduUed vehicleUarereSuiredtoDeeSuippedwithinternationallyrecoIni\ed safety standards .'iIht70vehicleUafetyUtandardUhaveDeen prioriti\edforiOpleOentationDycountrieU $oZ . 4eviewoftaMeupofMeyvehicleUafety regulations #UUhownin(iIureproIreUUwithuptaMeoftheeiIhtpriority70 vehicleUafetyUtandardUhaUDeenveryliOitedUincethelaUtreview. 6odateonly OainlyhiIhincoOecountrieUhaveiOpleOented UevenoreiIhtoftheUeUtandardU.'levencountrieUapplytwotoUiZ UtandardUand applyoneornoneoftheUtandardU.5incethe laUtreviewone additionalcountry+ndiais applying the front and side iOpactprotectionUtandard.One othercountry/alayUiahas applied theelectronicUtaDilitycontrolreIulationfroO. Figure 14: Countries implementing priority UN safety standards for vehicles, 2018 0 50 100 150 N um be r of c ou nt ri es 7 or 8 2 to 6 0 or 1 40 11 124 +nthepreviouUreportpriorityUtandardUwereidentified.#nadditionalUtandardforOotorcycleanti locMDraMinIUyUteOU #$5 haUDeenincludedinthiUreport. Chapter 5 ).1$#.56#6754'21461041#&5#('6;2018 +n relation to theOotorcycleantilocMDraMinIUyUteOU #$5 anuODerofcountrieUwithhiIhuUaIeofOotorcycleUareorwill DeiOpleOentinIreIulationUreSuirinItheuUeof#$5orcoODined DraMinIUyUteOU %$5 forOotorcycleU.#UUhownin6aDleOoUtof thecountrieUiOpleOentinItheUereIulationUreSuire#$5UyUteOU forvehicleUIreaterthancc %hinaand$ra\ilonlyreSuire#$5for vehicleUIreaterthanccandccreUpectivelywhichOeanU that a large number of motorcycles and e-bikes are excluded from thiUreSuireOent.9iththeeZceptionof$ra\ilallhaveproviUionU toeZtendthe#$5reSuireOentUforuUedOotorcycleUalreadyin circulationincirculationreSuirinItheOtoDeretrofittedaUwellaU fornewOotorcycleU. Table 4: Motorcycle ABS regulation, 2018 Countries Motorcycle ABS regulation Note EU ;'5ŤforallnewtypeU cc aUof/andforalleZiUtinI typeU ccaUof/ cccanhave#$5 or%$5fitted Japan ;'5ŤforallnewtypeU cc aUof/andforalleZiUtinI typeU ccaUof/ cccanhave#$5 or%$5fitted India ;'5ŤforallnewtypeU cc aUof/andforalleZiUtinI typeU ccaUof/ cccanhave #$5or%$5fitted China ;'5ŤforallnewtypeU cc aUof/andforalleZiUtinI typeU ccaUof/ ccOandatory both front and rear wheel ccand cc#$5or%$5 Brazil ;'5ŤforallnewtypeU ccraOpupfroO cccanhave#$5 or%$5fitted offroad bikes excluded Australia ;'5ŤforallnewtypeU cc froO/andforalleZiUtinI typeU ccfroO/ cccanhave #$5or%$5 60 Review of consumer information programme progress: The UN General Assembly has recommended the implementation of new car assessments as a means of improving vehicle safety (76). New Car Assessment Programmes (NCAPs) have proved highly effective in raising levels of vehicle safety significantly above minimum regulatory requirements. NCAPs typically carry out safety ratings for crashworthiness to promote occupant and pedestrian protection and crash avoidance through crash tests and technology assessments (77). Chapter 5 61 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Figure 15: Countries applying UN vehicle safety standards, 2018 Meets 7 or 8 international vehicle standards Meets 2 to 6 international vehicle standards Meets 0 or 1 international vehicle standard Not applicable Data not available 62 Box 9: Priority UN vehicle safety standards 1–2: Frontal impact protection and side impact protection (R94 and R95): ensure that cars withstand the impacts of a frontal and side impact crash when tested at certain speeds. These crashworthiness regulations help to protect occupants withstand the impact of front and side impact crashes. 3: Electronic stability control (R140): prevents skidding and loss of control in cases of over- steering or understeering and is effective at reducing crashes and saving lives. It is effective in avoiding single car and roll over crashes, reducing both fatal and serious injuries. 4: Pedestrian front protection (R127): provides softer bumpers and modifies the front ends of vehicles (e.g. removes unnecessarily rigid structures) that can reduce the severity of a pedestrian impact with a car. 5–6: Seat-belts and seat-belt anchorages (R14 & R16): ensure that seat-belts are fitted in vehicles when they are manufactured and assembled and that the seat-belt anchor points can withstand the impact incurred during a crash, to minimize the risk of belt slippage and ensure that passengers can be safely removed from their seats if there is a crash. 7: Child restraints (R129): ensure that the child seat is in place with the adult seat-belt and that ISOFIX child restraint anchorage points are fitted to secure the restraint. 8: Motorcycle anti-lock braking systems (R78): help the rider maintain control during an emergency braking situation and reduce the likelihood of a road traffic crash and subsequent injury. 63 Box 10: Establishing new e-bike standards in China China, like many other countries, is seeing a surge in the use of e-bikes – some estimates indicate that there are 200 million such vehicles in use nationally, three million of which can be found in Beijing. As the nature of e-bikes has evolved, the existing standards established in 1999 are no longer relevant and as a result, e-bikes sold and used in China are not standardized. Without an appropriate standard, many vehicles are being manufactured and sold as ‘e-bikes’ when they are essentially motorcycles that are capable of going 40 km/h or faster. However, they are all treated as bicycles and thus helmet requirements and speed limits are not imposed. As such, they use bike lanes and footpaths designed for and used by non-motorised users. In May 2018 a new standard was issued aiming to improve the regulation of e-bikes and putting an end to the practice of motorcycles passing for e-bikes. This standard is being phased in (commencing in April 2019). Any vehicle that meets the new standard (which is aligned with international practice with a speed limit of 25 km/h) will be considered a bicycle and not subject to registration, licensing or helmet requirements. Those e-bikes not meeting that standard will be treated as motorcycles and subject to helmet laws and licensing requirements. As the majority of e-bikes in circulation are likely to be non-standard, this standard closes a loophole that allowed millions of motorcycle riders to not wear a helmet. Source: Electric Bicycles-General Technical Requirements GB17761-1999; Electric Bicycles-General Technical Requirements GB17761-2018 64 Box 11: Vehicle safety standards in India India is the fourth largest vehicle producer in the world and now applies new vehicle safety standards to passenger cars and motorcycles. In 2014, independent crash tests carried out by Global NCAP’s ‘Safer Cars for India’ initiative revealed that some of India’s top selling models would fail the UN’s frontal impact crash test. Further Global NCAP tests at a higher speed also resulted in zero-star ratings indicating a high risk of fatal or serious injury. In 2015 the Indian government announced the application of new regulations consistent with the UN standards for front and side impact and also pedestrian protection. For new car models, the use of front and side crash tests came into force from October 2017 and will apply to all new cars from October 2019. The pedestrian protection regulation for new models came into force from October 2018 and will apply to all new cars from October 2020. In addition, new cars are required to have air bags fitted as standard and to have a speed warning device above 80 km/h. The combination of the new regulations and the Safer Cars for India project is raising consumer demand for key features such as airbags and acting as a strong catalyst for improved safety design by the automobile industry. New models are now on the market that not only comply with the new standards but also achieve good scores — including a model that achieved four stars in Global NCAP tests that are more stringent. The production of older designs of cars that cannot pass the new crash tests, such as the Tata Nano, which received zero stars in Global NCAP’s first round of tests in 2014, is being phased out. The next challenge for India is to accelerate use of electronic stability control which is currently fitted in over 70% of new passenger cars worldwide but to less than 10% of new cars in India. CHAPTER 6 POST-CRASH CARE 109 countries have a telephone number with national coverage to activate the emergency care 55% of countries have a formal process to train and certify prehospital providers 45% of countries have national or subnational trauma registries • Simple and affordable post-crash care interventions save lives. • Effective care for the injured requires timely care at the scene, prompt transport to appropriate emergency and surgical care at hospital, and early access to rehabilitation services. • The proportion of patients who die before reaching a hospital in low-income countries is over twice that in high-income countries. • Bystanders contribute by activating the emergency care system and taking simple, potentially life-saving actions until professional help is available. Key messages 68 A broad and integrated approach to post-crash care can save millions of lives and mitigate the short- and long-term effects of experiencing a crash to help survivors return to function and independence at hoOeandatworM .-eyeleOentUofpoUtcraUhcareidentified in the Decade of Action include structures to allow timely delivery of health services, data to inform policy and support quality care delivery, and legislation to ensure access to emergency care without regard to ability to pay (4). Building systems to ensure timely care for the injured Emergency care is at the core of the post-crash response. There is a series of time sensitive actions that are essential to provide effective care for the injured, beginning with activation of the emergency care system and continuing with care at the scene, transport, and facility- based emergency care. Rehabilitation – both in hospital and beyond, is essential to maximise the impact of emergency and surgical care and to limit the physical and psychological impact of injuries (18). Ideally, countries should designate a lead government agency with the authority to set system-wide standards and to coordinate prehospital and hospital-based care for the injured. Role of bystanders in the emergency care system Even the most sophisticated emergency care system is ineffective if bystanders fail to recognize a serious injury or do not know how to call for help. Bystanders contribute by activating the emergency care system and taking simple, potentially life-saving actions until professional help is available (80–82). To facilitate the important contribution of bystanders it is important that there is legislation in place to protect those who assist the injured. WHO’s Emergency Care System Assessments, carried out in over 30 countries worldwide, Countries should set up lead agencies to set standards and coordinate care for those injured in rRaG WraIfic crashes. Chapter 6 69 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 55% of countries have a formal process to train and certify prehospital care providers. found that many countries have no bystander protection laws or limited enforcement, and many countries report that those who aUUiUttheinjuredeZperiencearanIeofUeriouUfinancialleIaland social consequences. To activate the emergency care system, ideally there should be a single telephone number that is valid throughout the country, easy to remember and available as a free call (6,80,83). This current report found that 109 countries have a telephone number with full national coverage. Among the countries that have conducted the WHO Emergency Care System Assessment, several report that less than half the population know the emergency care access number by memory. Care at the scene The proportion of patients who die before reaching a hospital in middle-income countries is over twice that in high-income countries (84). Despite the enormous potential impact of prehospital care, the current report shows that 55% of countries have a formal process to train and certify prehospital providers. In addition, the WHO Emergency Care System Assessments data show that most countries report either no ambulances available to travel to the scene of the crash or that the number of ambulances available is grossly inadequate to meet population needs. It is important to recognise that while the optimal system may be one that can quickly dispatch equipped ambulances with trained providers to the scene of the injury, there are many ways to improve care at the scene of a crash (3,80). For example, simple systems using mobile phones and targeted training of key lay groups (e.g. community leaders, police, and professional drivers) to provide basic interventions can bridge to professional care and improve outcomes (3,80). 70 Hospital-based emergency care for the injured Even short delays to care for the injured can mean lives lost. The WHO Emergency Care System Assessments have found that firUtlevelhoUpitalUinOanycountrieUlacMdedicatedeOerIencyunitU altogether. Where these units exist, many lack essential equipment for diagnosis and treatment of injuries, and few have the protocols and checklists needed to ensure a systematic approach to every injured patient. They are often staffed only by providers working on arotationalDaUiUwhoOayorOaynothavetheDenefitofdedicated training in the care of emergencies: indeed, this report found that just more than half (54%) of countries have speciality training pathways in emergency medicine and trauma surgery. Beyond a staffed and equipped emergency unit, any facility that is certifiedtocarefortheUeriouUlyinjuredUhouldhavehouracceUU to operative and critical care services. However, most countries who have conducted the Emergency Care System Assessment report that less than a quarter of the population overall would be able to access a staffed operating theatre within two hours of serious injury. In addition, all assessed countries report inadequate numbers ofSualifiedrehaDilitationproviderUandlonIdelayUinacceUUinI community-based rehabilitation services. Data and information to guide post- crash response Systematic hospital-based data collection is critical to both clinical quality improvement activities and targeted planning and prevention initiatives. Trauma registries are case-based databases that gather information on injury epidemiology, clinical interventions and health outcoOeUinordertoidentifyandaddreUUUpecificIapUincare.+nDoth high- and limited-resource settings, registries have been shown to Less than 25% of people have access to a staffed operating theatre within two hours of a road WraIfic crasK Chapter 6 71 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 improve the quality of care and clinical outcomes, as well as allow for the identification of high-yield targets for prevention. Overall, the current report found that fewer than half (45%) of countries had national or subnational trauma registries in place. Over half of the world’s countries either have registries only in a few scattered facilities or no registry at all. To address this gap, WHO has recently established a Global Registry for Emergency and Trauma Care, and implementation has been initiated in a number of middle-income countries. In addition, it is essential for countries to establish policies that ensure effective crash investigation and equitable access to information for survivors and their families. 72 Box 12: A simple low-cost emergency care package in Uganda Emergency care in health facilities across Uganda is improving following a Ministry of Health scale-up of a WHO pilot intervention that halved the number of hospital deaths from emergency conditions (road traffic injuries, childhood diarrhoea, pneumonia, asthma and postpartum haemorrhage). Executed at a cost of US$ 3500 per hospital, this pilot included WHO basic emergency care training for hospital staff, the introduction of simple WHO emergency unit protocols (including checklists and triage) and identifying and organizing a simple resuscitation area with existing resources. In addition, Uganda has undertaken pilot implementation of the WHO Global Registry for Emergency and Trauma Care at regional hospitals around the country. The registry’s automated reporting functions allow data to be used to improve the quality of clinical care as well as to inform policy and planning. Chapter 6 73 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Chapter 5 ).1$#.56#6754'21461041#&5#('6;2018 for the past 3 YEARS 6heplateauinroadtrafficdeathU UetaIainUtaincreaUeinIloDal populationandincreaUein Ootori\ationUuIIeUtUthatroad UafetyeffortUoverthepaUtyearU haveUavedliveU. 74 CONCLUSION TAKING STOCK AND LOOKING AHEAD 1.35 million deaths each year 123 countries have road traffic OaZs that Peet best practice for at least one of the key behavioural risk factors 88% of pedestrian travel is on 1- or 2-star roads 40 countries have implemented 7 or 8 of the priority UN vehicle safety standards 109 countries have a telephone nuPEer Zith nationaO coverage to activate the emergency care system • The Decade of Action for Road Safety 2011-2020 has led to a remarkable increase in global attention, investments and efforts to reduce deaths and injuries on the world’s roads. • While progress has been made by countries in UtrenItheninIroadtrafficlawU iOprovinItheUafety of roads and vehicles, and enhancing post-crash care, thenuODerofroadtrafficdeathUandinjurieUreOainU unacceptably high. • The progress that has been achieved has not occurred at a pace fast enough to achieve the SDG target 3.6 to reduceroadtrafficdeathUDyDy. • Above all, accelerating progress will require increased political will and commitment at the highest level of government. Key messages 76 Summary of progress to date The number of road traffic deaths continues to climb, reaching 1.35 million in 2016, while the rate of death relative to the size of the world’s population has stabilized in recent years. The progress that has been achieved has not occurred at a pace fast enough to compensate for the rising population and rapid motorization of transport taking place in many parts of the world. At this rate, the SDG target 3.6 to halve road traffic deaths by 2020 will not be met. This review of key risk factors does show, however, that progress is being made in improving key road safety laws, infrastructure, adoption of vehicles standards and improving access to the post-crash care. As countries work over time to create sustainably safe environments for road use through improved planning, design, operation and investment in the safety quality of roads, vehicles and post-crash care, the combined publicity and enforcement of key safety legislation CONCLUSION 77 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 presents opportunities to achieve immediate and substantial road safety results. The review has found that the progress has been made across countries to bring laws into line with best practice with tenadditionalcountrieU intotal aliIninIwithDeUtpracticeU onaddreUUinIdrinMdrivinIfiveadditionalcountrieU intotal aligning with best practices on motorcycle helmet use, four additional countrieU intotal aliIninIwithDeUtpracticeUontheuUeof childreUtraintUyUteOUandthreeadditionalcountrieU intotal aligning with best practices on the use of seat-belts. The number of countries with laws in line with best practices for speed management haUnotchanIed intotal .#UareUultoftheUeinterventionU anadditionaloneDillionpeoplearenowcoveredDyroadtrafficlawU that meet best practice. Progress is evident in the planning, design and operation of roads and roadsides, addressing high-risk sections and areas and in the take-up of a range of tools. Vehicle safety measures continue to OaMeaUuDUtantialandefficientcontriDutiontoreducinIdeathand serious injuries amongst car occupants. Despite the fact that only 40 countries have implemented seven or eight of the priority UN vehicle safety standards, there are signs of progress with countries such as +ndiaproducinIitUfirUtfourUtarvehicle.6herearealUoUiInUthat access to post-crash care is improving. 6herehaUalUoDeenUiInificantproIreUUinadvancinItheIloDal road safety agenda. The Decade of Action has led to a remarkable increase in global attention, investments, and efforts to reduce deaths and injuries on the world’s roads. The increased recognition and political support for road safety have fostered an enabling environOentfortarIetedactionUandareeZeOplifiedDyUeveral important developments. Examples of these include: ´ SDG targets 3.6 and 11.2 addressing road safety; The Decade of Action has led to an increase in global attention, investments, and efforts to reduce deaths and injuries on roads. 78 ´ 12 voluntary global road safety performance targets in support of the SDGs and new linkages between road safety and other public health and societal goals; ´ United Nations Road Safety Trust Fund to catalyse investments in road safety in countries; ´ reIionaldataoDUervatorieUtofacilitateDetterreportinIofroadtraffic deaths; and ´ networks of legislators in Africa and the Eastern Mediterranean to facilitate the implementation of road safety legislation that meet best practice. These outcomes are not directly captured by this report, but they contribute incriticalwayUtoUtrenItheninIthefield.#lonIwiththeinveUtOentUof IovernOentUfinancierUandprivatefoundationUtheyhavelaidthefoundation for future efforts and are indicative of the momentum generated in recent years. Remaining challenges The results presented in this report, and the developments highlighted above indicateUiInificantOoveUforwardhaveDeenOadeonroadUafetyoverthe past decade. Further progress will depend upon future success in addressing theranIeofUiInificantchallenIeUwhichreOain. Increasing political will Despite a better understanding of the problem and its solutions, political will to carry out the necessary actions is often lacking. Too many countries still lack funded strategies, lead agencies and good laws that are enforced. Ensuring accountability Improving the safety of roads requires clear responsibility and accountability that cuts across sectors. Those who plan, design, operate and use the road system share responsibility for creating a road system in which crashes do Investments of government, financiers and private foundations, have laid the foundation for future efforts. 79 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 CONCLUSION not result in death or serious injury. This responsibility is shared across government, business, media and civil society, requiring alignment with a range of societal goals, careful governmental leadership and an effective safety performance framework. However, there needs to be clear responsibility for progress on the system as well as for each component. The establishment of lead agencies with appropriate capacity and related multisectoral coordination arrangements amongst the responsible agencies are a prerequisite for effective action. Strengthening data collection Robust data are a critical component for the attainment of any future target. Without the ability to assess progress and the effectiveness of efforts to reduce fatalities and injuries, countries will not be able to identify gaps in the system and deliver tailored improvements. As a result of the differences in definitions, reporting, and coding practices adopted by health, police, and insurance, the individual sources of data often provide an incomplete view of the actual situation. Building capacity Many countries are still struggling to establish capacity for sustainable safety management and the leadership, coordination and funding arrangements, which underpin better performance. Silo approaches to intervention persist and while there are examples of multisectoral activity and shared responsibility, these are atypical. Looking Ahead While many key elements of the road safety response are now well articulated, there is a failure of implementation and scale of response in most countries. Current action is insufficient to meet the targets and a large burden of unnecessary death and injury, particularly to the young, will remain without a change in political will, clear responsibilities and accountability, good data and capacity to act. 80 Experience shows that sustained gains in road safety only happen when a more integrated approach is taken. Going forward, it will be important to learn from experiences to date and address the factors noted above that hinder success. There is an urgent need for governments to scale up their road safety efforts in order to live up to their commitments made in the Sustainable Development Agenda 2030. The upcoming Third Global Ministerial Conference on Road Safety in Sweden in February 2020 will be a key opportunity to take a strategic view and set a road safety agenda for the next decade, including by setting a new global target on fatalities. 81 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 CONCLUSION REFERENCES 1. 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Effectiveness of high back and backless belt-positioning booster seats in side impact crashes. Annu proceedings Assoc Adv Automot Med. 2005;49:201–13. 54. Jakobsson L, Isaksson-Hellman I, Lundell B. Safety for the growing child—experiences from Swedish accident data. 2005. 86 55. Zaloshnja E, Miller TR, Hendrie D. Effectiveness of child safety seats vs safety belts for children aged 2 to 3 years. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2007 Jan 1;161(1):65. 56. Rice TM, Anderson CL. The effectiveness of child restraint systems for children aged 3 years or younger during motor vehicle collisions: 1996 to 2005. Am J Public Health. 2009 Feb;99(2):252–7. 57. Rice TM, Anderson CL, Lee AS. The association between booster seat use and risk of death among motor vehicle occupants aged 4-8: a matched cohort study. Inj Prev. 2009 Dec 1;15(6):379–83. 58. House DR, Huffman G, Walthall JDH. Emergency department transport rates of children from the scene of motor vehicle collisions: do booster seats make a difference? Pediatr Emerg Care. 2012 Nov;28(11):1211–4. 59. Ma X, Layde P, Zhu S. Association between child restraint systems use and injury in motor vehicle crashes. Acad Emerg Med. 2012 Aug;19(8):916–23. 60. Lipovac K, Đerić M, Tešić M, Andrić Z, Marić B. Mobile phone use while driving—literary review. Transp Res Part F Traffic Psychol Behav. 2017;47:132–42. 61. Caird JK, Willness CR, Steel P, Scialfa C. A meta-analysis of the effects of cell phones on driver performance. Accid Anal Prev. 2008 Jul;40(4):1282–93. 62. Horrey WJ, Wickens CD. Examining the impact of cell phone conversations on driving using meta- analytic techniques. Hum Factors. 2006 Mar 6;48(1):196–205. 63. Farmer CM, Braitman KA, Lund AK. Cell phone use while driving and attribuTable crash risk. Traffic Injury Prevention. 2010 Oct; 11(5):466-70. 64. Drews FA, Pasupathi M, Strayer DL. 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Health and economic benefits of improved injury prevention and trauma care worldwide. PLoS One. 2014 Mar 13;9(3):e91862. 80. World Health Organization. Prehospital trauma care systems [Internet]. Geneva; 2005 [cited 2018 Nov 1]. Available from: http://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/publications/services/39162_ oms_new.pdf 81. World Health Organization. Post-crash response: Supporting those affected by road traffic crashes [Internet]. Geneva; 2016 [cited 2018 Nov 1]. Available from: http://www.who.int/violence_injury_ prevention/publications/road_traffic/post-crash-response/en/ 82. Balhara KS, Bustamante ND, Selvam A, Winders WT, Coker A, Trehan I, et al. Bystander assistance for trauma victims in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review of prevalence and training interventions. Prehospital Emerg Care. 2018 Sep 25;1–22. 83. Bachani AM, Botchey I, Paruk F, Wako D, Saidi H, Aliwa B, et al. Nine-point plan to improve care of the injured patient: A case study from Kenya. Surgery. 2017 Dec;162(6S):S32–44. 84. Mock CN, Jurkovich GJ, nii-Amon-Kotei D, Arreola-Risa C, Maier R V. Trauma mortality patterns in three nations at different economic levels: implications for global trauma system development. J Trauma. 1998 May;44(5):804-12; discussion 812-4. VsY_OMS-NVI-RoadSafety-chap1-2018.indd 14 30/11/18 15:33 SECTION 2 COUNTRY/AREA PROFILES
92 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of P ub lic H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency No Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads — Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 655 357 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 407 608 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 68 090 Heavy trucks 81 416 Buses 20 589 Other 77 654 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 565 a (63% M, 10% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 5 230 (95% CI 4 502 - 5 958) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 15.1 a Tra c Police Department. Unlimited time period following crash Afghanistan Population: 34 656 032 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 580 Deaths by road user category Source: Tra c Police Department 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 90 km/h b Max rural speed limit 90 km/h b Max motorway speed limit 90 km/h b Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law No Applies to drivers and passengers — Helmet fastening required — Helmet standard referred to and/or specified — Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement — Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants — Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes b Speed limit set per vehicle type with a maximum speed limit of 90 km/h for fast moving vehicles, decreased by 20 km/h in mountain paths c Not based on BAC. Alcohol consumption legally prohibited Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 93 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Inter-ministerial Committee for Road Safety, Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2009-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 563 106 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 436 013 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 36 096 Heavy trucks 17 670 Buses 7 050 Other 66 277 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 269 a (81% M, 19% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 399 (95% CI 369 - 428) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 13.6 a Directorate of Road Tra c Police. Died within 30 days of crash Albania Population: 2 926 348 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 4 250 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 16% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 24% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 12%Cyclists 8% Pedestrians 39% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 1% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other <1% Source: 2016, Directorate of Road Tra c Police, Accidents Information System (AIS) Source: Directorate of Road Tra c Police, Accidents Information System (AIS) 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 40 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 5% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 75% Drivers c, 60% Passengers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 85% Front seats c, 80% Rear seats c National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint d Child restraint required Up to 4 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, Directorate of Road Tra c Police, Accidents Information System (AIS) c 2016, Directorate of Road Tra c Police d Children under 12 years can travel in the front if placed in an appropriate restraining device (with airbag deactivated for rear-facing restraint) Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 94 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Council of Road Trac Planning (CNVOT) Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles — Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 2 845 a (71% M, 29% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 6 797 (95% CI 5 304 - 8 289) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 23.6 a National Police and Ministry of Health. Died within 72 hours of crash Angola Population: 28 813 464 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 440 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 27% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 33% Pedestrians 41% Source: 2016, National Police Source: National Police 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.06 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.06 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 7 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 40% Drivers b, 15% Passengers b National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 40% Front seats b, 10% Rear seats b National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs/150cm Child restraint required Up to 12 yrs/36 kg/150 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, National Police Trends in reported road tra c deaths Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 95 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth an d th e E nv iro nm en t. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Antigua & Barbuda Transport Board Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 36 030 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 32 828 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 180 Heavy trucks 1 272 Buses 1 630 Other 120 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry — Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 8 a (88% M, 13% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 8 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 7.9 a Police Tra c Department Records. Unlimited time period following crash Antigua and Barbuda Population: 100 963 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 13 400 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 63% Cyclists 13% Pedestrians 25% Source: 2016, Police Tra c Department Records Source: Police Tra c Department Records 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit ~ 32 km/h b Max rural speed limit ~ 64 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol <1% d National motorcycle helmet law No Applies to drivers and passengers — Helmet fastening required — Helmet standard referred to and/or specified — Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement — Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants — Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes b Applies in the City of Saint John's and in designated "speed limit areas" c Not based on BAC d 2011, Police Tra c Department Report Trends in reported road tra c deaths Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 96 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of th e I nt er ior an d T ra ns po rt. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Agency (ANSV), Ministry of Transportation Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 30% (2016-2026) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 21 633 587 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 13 850 936 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 7 040 248 Heavy trucks 306 171 Buses 88 307 Other 347 925 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes a Electronic stability control No b Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers — National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 5 530 c (78% M, 22% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 6 119 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 14 a Only for new models b Mandatory as from 2018 under voluntray agreement with car makers but postponed to 2022 by the new government following Brazil ESC mandatory date. c Statistical Report 2016 of the National Directorate of Road Observatory, National Road Safety Agency. Died within 30 days of crash Argentina Population: 43 847 432 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 11 960 Deaths by road user category Occupants of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 47% Pedestrians 8% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 1% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 18% Cyclists 2% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 22% Source: 2014, Ministry of Health of the Nation "Mortality from injuries in tra c accidents" Argentina. Years 2005-2014. Directorate of Health Statistics and Information. Buenos Aires December 2016. Series 12 N ° 7 Source: National Directorate of Road Observatory, National Road Safety Agency. 12.0 12.2 12.4 12.6 12.8 13.0 2016201520142013201220112010 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl d BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl d Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash — Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 17% e National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 65% Drivers f, 44% Passengers f National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 41% Front seats f, 23% Rear seats f National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required Up to 4 yrs g Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement — % children using child restraints 26% f National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes d ≤0.2 g/l for motorcycles drivers. e 2015, OAD/Sedronar. (2017) Mortality related to the consumption of psychoactive substances f 2016, Observational study of road safety behavior, National Directorate of Road Observatory g A 2018 amendment (not covered in the review period ending at December 2017) raised the age for mandatory child restraint use to 10 years old Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 97 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Council Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles — Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 267 a (81% M, 19% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 499 (95% CI 469 - 530) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 17.1 a Annual statistics report, based on death compiled by provincial vital statistics authorities. Died within 30 days of crash Armenia Population: 2 924 816 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 760 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 29% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 30% Cyclists <1% Pedestrians 35% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Other 2% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1% Source: 2016, Road police data Source: Road police and vital registration data 0 100 200 300 400 500 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 90 km/h b Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.04 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.04 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 2% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 95% Drivers d, 90% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 70% Drivers d, 70% Front seats d National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint e Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b The limit in residential area is reduced to 60 km/h c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers d 2016, Road police data e Transport of children under 12 years in the front seat shall be made in a "child protecting device" Trends in reported road tra c deaths Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 98 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by D ep ar tm en t o f I nf ra st ru ct ur e & R eg ion al D ev el op m en t. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Not funded Fatality reduction target 30% annually (2011- 2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 18 326 236 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 16 946 125 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 828 965 Heavy trucks 430 997 Buses 96 582 Other 23 567 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes a Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 296 b (74% M, 26% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 351 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 5.6 a Australia has signed the UN127 for Pedestrian Protection as a Contracting Party but is not enforcing it b National Crash Database, Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development. Died within 30 days of crash Australia Population: 24 125 848 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 54 420 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 45% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 16% Cyclists 2% Pedestrians 14% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 3% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other <1% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 19% Source: 2016, Australian Road Deaths Database and National Crash Database Source: Australian Road Deaths Database and National Crash Database 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 - 130 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 - 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 17% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 8 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 99% Drivers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 97% Front seats e, 96% Rear seats e National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 7 yrs f Child restraint required Up to 7 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes c 2015, National Crash Database, Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development d 1997, Haworth N et al, Case-Control Study of Motorcycle Crashes e 2013, Petroulias T, Community Attitudes to Road Safety: 2013 survey report f In no circumstances are children under 4 years allowed to sit in the front. Children from 4-7 years can sit in the front only if there is no room for them in the back due to the back seats being occupied by other children under 7 years Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 99 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of Tr an sp or t, In no va tio n an d T ec hn ol og y. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency BMVIT - Federal Ministry for Transport, Innovation and Technology Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 7 421 647 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 4 821 557 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 816 477 Heavy trucks 440 368 Buses 9 825 Other 1 333 420 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 432 a (72% M, 28% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 452 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 5.2 a Statistics Austria (online). Died within 30 days of crash Austria Population: 8 712 137 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 45 230 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 44% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 22% Cyclists 11% Pedestrians 17% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 5% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other <1% Source: Statistics Austria (online) Source: Statistics Austria (online) 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement — Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.01 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement — % road trac deaths involving alcohol 5% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs c Enforcement — Helmet wearing rate 100% All riders d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate 95% Front seats d, 93% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required Up to 14 yrs/150 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement — % children using child restraints 97% Rear seats d National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, Statistics Austria (online) c Or until footrests can be reached d 2016, IRTAD Road Safety Annual Report 2016 Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 100 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency State Road Police Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 330 551 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 136 983 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 3 290 Heavy trucks 141 525 Buses 30 958 Other 17 795 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 759 a (77% M, 23% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 845 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 8.7 a State Statistical Committee and State Road Police. Died within 7 days of crash Azerbaijan Population: 9 725 376 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 4 760 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 26% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 25% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers <1% Cyclists <1% Pedestrians 42% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 4% Source: 2016, Internal statistical data of State Road Police Source: Azerbaijan national statistics (online) 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 90km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 15% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No d Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 40% Front seats c, 20% Rear seats c National child restraint law No e Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint e Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Law not based on BAC/BrAC c 2016, Internal statistical data of State Road Police d The obligation to use seat belt does not apply in residential areas nor for children under 12 years e Child restraint systems are only required for children under 12 years seated in the front Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 101 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Council (NRSC), Ministry of Road Transport and Bridges Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 2 879 708 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 613 149 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 980 246 Heavy trucks 158 379 Buses 64 608 Other 63 326 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 2 376 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 24 954 (95% CI 20 730 - 29 177) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 15.3 a Bangladesh Police. Died at scene of crash Bangladesh Population: 162 951 552 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 330 Deaths by road user category Source: Bangladesh Police (fatality data), World Bank (population data) 0 1 2 3 4 201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit ~ 112 km/h b Max rural speed limit ~ 112 km/h b Max motorway speed limit ~ 112 km/h b Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants — Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes b Speed limit set per vehicle type with a maximum speed limit of 70 miles per hour (112 km/h) for light vehicles c Not based on BAC Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 102 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Barbados National Road Safety Council, Ministry of Transport and Works Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 117 104 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 108 502 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2 154 Heavy trucks 5 530 Buses 816 Other 102 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 9 a (89% M, 11% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 16 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 5.6 a Royal Barbados Police force. Defined as died within one year and one day of crash Barbados Population: 284 996 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 14 830 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 33% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 33% Pedestrians 22% Drivers and passengers of buses 11% Source: 2016, Royal Barbados Police Force Source: Royal Barbados Police Force 0 6 12 18 24 30 201620152014201320122011201020092008 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 80 km/h b Max rural speed limit 80 km/h b Max motorway speed limit 80 km/h b Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 4 yrs Child restraint required Up to 4 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Speed limit set per vehicle type with a maximum speed limit of 80 km/h for specified vehicles including private motor cars c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers or commission of a tra c oªence Trends in reported road tra c deaths Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 103 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency The Permanent Commission of the Ensuring Trac Safety under the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 20% (2016-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 01.01.2017 4 192 291 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 3 067 501 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 415 761 Heavy trucks 414 364 Buses 43 602 Other 251 063 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 588 a (69% M, 31% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 841 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 8.9 a Ministry of Internal Aªairs, State Automobile Inspection Department. Died within 30 days of crash Belarus Population: 9 480 042 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 5 600 Deaths by road user category Source: Information about the State of of Road Tra c Accidents in the Republic of Belarus in 2016 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.03 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.03 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 14% (Drivers) c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint d Child restraint required Up to 5 yrs e Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers c 2016, Ministry of Internal Aªairs, State Automobile Inspection Department d If rear-facing child restraints, airbag shall be deactivated e For children aged 5-12 years, either CRS or "other means" (than CRS) can be used to secure the child using the seat belt Drivers of all vehicles 29% Passengers of all vehicles 20% Cyclists 9% Pedestrians 41% Other 1% Source: 2016, Information about the State of of Road Tra c Accidents in the Republic of Belarus in 2016 Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 104 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by N at ion al In st itu te fo r R oa d Sa fe ty. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency No Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2010-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 7 330 718 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 6 440 811 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 471 766 Heavy trucks 143 554 Buses 15 970 Other 258 617 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 637 a (76% M, 24% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 657 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 5.8 a Statistics Belgium. Died within 30 days of crash Belgium Population: 11 358 379 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 41 860 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 44% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 13% Cyclists 11% Pedestrians 12% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 4% Other 1% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 14% Source: 2016, Statistics Belgium Source: Statistics Belgium 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h b Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited for 3 or 8 yrs c Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 99% Drivers d, 100% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 92% Front seats e, 86% Rear seats e National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint f Child restraint required Up to 18 yrs/135 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes g Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 89% h National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b The 90 km/h speed limit applies on rural areas in Brussels capital region and Wallon region while there is a 70 km/h speed limit in the Flemish region c Restrictions vary depending on the type of motorcycles: children under 3 years are not allowed on mopeds and motorcycles, children under 8 years are not allowed on motorcycles over 125cc d 2013, Belgian Road Safety Institute e 2015, Belgian Road Safety Institute f Provided that airbag is deactivated if child is in a rear-facing child restraint system g All child restraints sold in Belgium must comply with UNECE regulation h 2014, Roynard, M (2015) Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 105 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Committee Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 0 deaths (2016-2030) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2007 56 094 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 45 336 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2 389 Heavy trucks 4 757 Buses 3 612 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 101 a (84% M, 16% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 104 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 28.3 a Ministry of Health Annual RTA Mortality Report. Died within 30 days of crash Belize Population: 366 954 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 4 410 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 11% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 8% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 20% Pedestrians 25% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 1% Other 24% Cyclists 12% Source: 2016, Ministry of Health Annual RTA Mortality Report Source: Ministry of Health, Annual RTA Mortality Report based on validated data with JICC 0 6 12 18 24 30 201620152014201320122011 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit ~ 40 km/h Max rural speed limit ~ 88 km/h Max motorway speed limit ~ 88 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers or commission of a tra c oªence Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 106 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Centre for Road Safety (CNSR), Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 469 761 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 238 436 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 195 157 Heavy trucks 19 747 Buses 311 Other 16 110 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 637 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 2 986 (95% CI 2 458 - 3 514) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 27.5 a Republic of Benin, Statistical Yearbook of Accidents 2015. Died within 7 days of crash Benin Population: 10 872 298 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 820 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 8% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 9% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 57% Cyclists <1% Pedestrians 17% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 7% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 1% Source: 2015, National Centre for Road Safety (CNSR) Source: National Centre for Road Safety (CNSR) 0 2 4 6 8 10 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law No Max urban speed limit — Max rural speed limit — Max motorway speed limit — Local authorities can modify limits — Enforcement — Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 25% Drivers c, 1% Passengers c National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants — Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law No b Not based on BAC c 2016, National Police Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 107 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of In fo rm at ion an d Co m m un ica tio ns . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Road Safety and Transport Authority (RSTA), Ministry of Information and Communications (MoIC) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target <8 deaths per 10 000 vehicles annually (2013- 2018) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for Till 30th April 2017 86 981 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 56 232 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 9 786 Heavy trucks 12 891 Buses 681 Other 7 391 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 125 a (67% M, 17% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 139 (95% CI 121 - 157) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 17.4 a Ministry of Information and Communications (MoIC), Road Safety and Transport Authority (RSTA), Tra c Police and Ministry of Health. Died within 7 days of crash Bhutan Population: 797 765 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 510 Deaths by road user category Source: Road Safety and Transport Authority (RSTA), Tra c Police, and Ministry of Health (MoH) 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 30 km/h Max rural speed limit 50 km/h Max motorway speed limit 50 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 108 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Vice Ministry of Public Safety, Ministry of Government Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 10% (2014-2018) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 711 005 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 032 581 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 391 219 Heavy trucks 146 703 Buses 124 805 Other 15 697 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 259 a (82% M, 18% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 687 (95% CI 1 532 - 1 842) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 15.5 a National Observatory of Public Safety, Bolivian Police data. Died at scene of crash Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Population: 10 887 882 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 070 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 61% Pedestrians 2% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 12% Drivers and passengers of buses 5% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 20% Source: 2016, National Observatory of Public Safety, Bolivian Police data Source: National Observatory of Public Safety, Bolivian Police data and INE 0 4 8 12 16 20 201620152014201320122011201020092008 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 40 km/h b Max rural speed limit 80 km/h b Max motorway speed limit 80 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 6% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 52% Drivers e, 3% Passengers e National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 4% Front seats e, <1% Rear seats e National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes b Can be increased to an unspecified speed under certain circumstances c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers d 2016. National observatory of Public safety, Bolivian Police data e 2013, Observational urban field study on the use of seat belts, child restraint systems in private vehicles and the use of helmets on motorcycles and mopeds in the Plurinational State of Bolivia Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 109 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of Ci vil A ªa irs . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Agency for Trac Safety of the Republic of Srpska, Ministry of Communications and Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2013-2022) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 978 229 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 840 280 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 14 399 Heavy trucks 79 135 Buses 4 275 Other 40 140 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 318 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 552 (95% CI 500 - 603) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 15.7 a Combined sources, including Federal Ministry of Interior and Ministry of Interior of Republic of Srpska . Died within 30 days of crash Bosnia and Herzegovina Population: 3 516 816 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 4 880 Deaths by road user category Source: Multiple sources, including Federal Ministry of Internal Aªairs and Ministry of Interior of the Republic of Srpska 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h b Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.03 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 21% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 51% Front seats d, 11% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs e Child restraint required Up to 12 yrs f Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 40% g National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Can be increased up to an unspecified speed c 2016, Ministry of Interior of Republic of Srpska d 2016, Auto Moto Association of Republic of Srpska e By exception, a child under 2 years can be seated in the front if there is no airbag installed or if the airbag is deactivated when the child is seated in a rear-facing seat f Children aged 5-12 years can be either restrained in a booster seat or in a child restraint g 2016, Auto Moto Association of Republic of Srpska (Data only for Republic of Srpska) Source: 2016, Annual report for 2016 of Brcko district, B&H tra c police unit and Ministry of Interior of Republic of Srpska Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n DATA NOT AVA I LABLE 110 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of Tr an sp or t a nd Co m m un ica tio ns . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Committee (NRSC) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 1995-2016 653 274 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 438 224 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2 250 Heavy trucks 28 208 Buses 18 841 Other 165 751 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers — National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 450 a (72% M, 28% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 535 (95% CI 465 - 606) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 23.8 a Botswana Police Service. Died within a year of crash Botswana Population: 2 250 260 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 6 610 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 23% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 40% Cyclists 2% Pedestrians 25% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Drivers and passengers of buses 2% Other 7% Source: 2016, Botswana Police Service Source: Botswana Police Service 0 7 14 21 28 35 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 4% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 5 yrs Child restraint required Up to 5 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, Botswana Police Service Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 111 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Trac Department (DENATRAN), Ministry of Cities Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 93 867 016 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 61 938 226 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 25 311 251 Heavy trucks 5 586 558 Buses 984 847 Other 46 134 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 38 651 a (82% M, 18% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 41 007 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 19.7 a Mortality Information System (SIM), Ministry of Health. Unlimited time period following crash Brazil Population: 207 652 864 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 8 840 Deaths by road user category Occupants of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 23% Pedestrians 18% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 21% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 31% Cyclists 3% Source: 2015, Mortality Information System (SIM), Ministry of Health Source: Mortality Information System (SIM), Ministry of Health 0 5 10 15 20 25 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 80 km/h b Max rural speed limit 60 km/h c Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population 0.00 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 7 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 83% Drivers d, 80% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 79% Front seats d, 50% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required Up to 7.5 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 57% e National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes b Can be increased up to an unspecified speed c This limit applies to unpaved roadways while on undivided highway the maximum speed limit is 100 km/h for automobiles, light trucks and motorcycles d 2013, IBGE, Directorate of Research, Coordination of Work and Income, National Health Survey e 2012, Child Restraint Use, Safe Kids Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 112 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency State-public Consultative Commission on the Problems of Road Safety Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 4 031 748 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 3 637 961 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 174 487 Heavy trucks 196 372 Buses 22 928 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 708 a (78% M, 22% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 730 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 10.2 a Chief Directorate "National Police", Ministry of Interior; National Statistical Institute. Died within 30 days of crash Bulgaria Population: 7 131 494 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 7 470 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 40% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 24% Cyclists 5% Pedestrians 17% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 4% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 2% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 8% Source: 2016, Chief Directorate "National Police", Ministry of Interior; National Statistical Institute Source: Chief Directorate "National Police", Ministry of Interior and National Statistical Institute 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 140 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol <1% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 80% Drivers c, 30% Passengers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 80% All occupants d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint e Child restraint required Up to 150 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, Chief Directorate "National Police", Ministry of Interior, National Statistical Institute c 2010, Tra c police monitoring d 2010-2013, Surveys of knowledge and attitudes towards behavioral change and healthy lifestyle skills e Provided that airbag is deactivated if child is in a rear-facing child restraint system Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 113 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of Tr an sp or t, Ur ba n Mo bil ity an d Ro ad S af et y. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Oce for Road Safety (ONASER), Ministry of Transport, Urban Mobility and Road Safety (MTMUSR) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 25% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 2 106 292 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 237 979 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 789 181 Heavy trucks 28 231 Buses 10 952 Other 39 949 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 878 a (72% M, 28% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 5 686 (95% CI 4 499 - 6 872) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 30.5 a National Police and National Gendarmerie. Died within 24 hours of crash Burkina Faso Population: 18 646 432 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 640 Deaths by road user category DATA NOT AVA I LABLE Source: National Police, National Gendarmerie, and National Institute for Statistics and Demography (INSD) 0 2 4 6 8 201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 5 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 9% All riders b National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 7 yrs Child restraint required Up to 8 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2008, Contextual study on helmet use to develop a national strategy for helmet use in Burkina Faso Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 114 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of P ub lic H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Trac and Road Safety Police, Ministry of Public Security Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for Juin 2017 111 236 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 32 488 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 28 269 Heavy trucks 2 876 Buses 2 775 Other 44 828 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number None Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 112 a (77% M, 23% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 651 (95% CI 2 926 - 4 376) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 34.7 a Statistical Yearbook 2015. Died within 30 days of crash Burundi Population: 10 524 117 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 280 Deaths by road user category Source: Statistical Yearbooks and National Health Information System, 2010-2015 0 1 2 3 4 201520142013201220112010 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes c Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 13 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law No b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers c Legislation requires drivers and passengers "and particularly those sitting in the front" to use a seat belt Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 115 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of In te rn al A dm in ist ra tio n. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency General Directorate of Road Transport (DGTR), Ministry of Internal Administration Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 64 955 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 47 354 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 7 595 Heavy trucks 10 006 Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 41 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 135 (95% CI 118 - 152) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 25 a National Police O ce, National Police Report. Died within 30 days of crash Cabo Verde Population: 539 560 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 970 Deaths by road user category Source: National Police, General Directorate of Road Transport (DGTR), and National Statistics Institute (INE) 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 7 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No c Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint d Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law No b Legislation refers to testing of drivers in case of crash c The legislation refers to the use of either child restraint systems or seat-belts for children d Children under 12 yrs/150cm shall normally sit in the rear except if placed in a suitable child restraint Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 116 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Committee (NRSC) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 3 751 715 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 97 239 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2 714 193 Heavy trucks 57 321 Buses 5 972 Other 876 990 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 852 a (80% M, 20% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 2 803 (95% CI 2 381 - 3 226) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 17.8 a Road Crash and Victim Information System (RCVIS). Died within 30 days of crash Cambodia Population: 15 762 370 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 140 Deaths by road user category Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 73% Cyclists 2% Pedestrians 10% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 4% Other 5% Occupants of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 6% Source: 2016, Road Crash and Victim Information System (RCVIS) annual report Source: Road Crash and Victim Information System (RCVIS) 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 40 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 13% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 70% - 43% Drivers c, 30% - 13% Passengers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No d Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes e Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs f Child restraint required Up to 4 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, Road Crash and Victim Information System (RCVIS) c 2016, Cambodia Helmet Vaccine Initiative (Percentages are for day- and night-time observations, respectively) d Obligation to use seat belts for all passengers only applies outside cities and densely populated areas. Inside cities and densely populated areas, only the driver and front seat passengers are required to wear a seat belt e Enters into force in January 2020 f Ban on children under 10 years travelling in the front seat enters into force in January 2020 Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 117 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of P ub lic H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency No Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2007-2016 758 145 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 879 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 7 066 (95% CI 5 670 - 8 463) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 30.1 a Ministry of Transport, and Police. Unlimited time period following crash Cameroon Population: 23 439 188 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 200 Deaths by road user category Source: Ministry of Transport, Police, and Gendarmerie 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 5 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law No Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 118 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by Tr an sp or t C an ad a. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Canadian Council of Motor Transport Administrators, Council of Ministers Responsible for Transportation and Highway Safety Funded in national budget No a National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target Continual downward trend in fatalities over time (2016-2025) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes b Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 23 923 806 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 22 067 778 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 709 258 Heavy trucks 1 056 219 Buses 90 551 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers — National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 1 858 c (70% M, 30% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 2 118 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 5.8 a A self-sustaining organization through membership fees and data services b At many provincial and municipal levels of government c Canadian Motor Vehicle Tra c Collision Statistics. Died within 30 days of crash Canada Population: 36 289 824 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 43 660 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 46% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 18% Cyclists 3% Pedestrians 15% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 3% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 4% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 11% Source: 2015, Canadian Motor Vehicle Tra c Collision Statistics Source: Canadian Motor Vehicle Tra c Collision Statistics 0 2 4 6 8 10 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS * National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 50 - 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit 80 - 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population 0.04-0.08 g/dl d BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00-0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes e Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 30% f National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 98% Drivers g, 98% Passengers g National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 95% Front seats h, 89% Rear seats h National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required — i Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 91% j National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes * These data take into consideration subnational laws. A criteria is answered "Yes" if at least 80% of the subnational entities meet the criteria d National BAC limit is set at 0.08 g/dl. However, in practice all subnational entities have provided their own BAC limits that are reflected in the range above. e Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers f 2017, The Alcohol and Drug-Crash Problems in Canada: 2014 Report; The Tra c Injury Research Foundation of Canada g 2016, Police observation h 2010. Result of Transport Canada's Rural and Urban Survey of Seat Belt Use in Canada 2009-2010 i Child restraint laws are enacted at subnational level. While all provinces require the use of child restraints, they provide diªerent age / height criteria to specify the period for mandatory use of child restraints / booster seats j 2010. Canada National Survey on Child Restrain Use, Completed for Transport Canada, in partnership with AUTO21 Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 119 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of Tr an sp or t a nd Ci vil Av iat ion . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Committee of Road Safety, Ministry of Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2014 37 475 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number — Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers — National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 193 a (85% M, 15% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 546 (95% CI 1 209 - 1 884) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 33.6 a Gendarmerie and hospital records. Unlimited time period following crash Central African Republic Population: 4 594 621 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 370 Deaths by road user category SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 5 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No b Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted c Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law No b Rear-seated child passengers under 12 years are not subject to the obligation to use a seat belt c Legislation only recommends ("as far as possible") to place children under 12 years in the rear Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 DATA NOT AVA I LABLE 120 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of P ub lic H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Infrastructure, Transport and Civil Aviation Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target From 4.4% to 2% (by 2018) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 124 000 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number — Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 122 (96% M, 4% F) a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 990 (95% CI 3 110 - 4 870) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 27.6 a Police Report and Hospital Register. From Jan-Oct 2016. Died within 7 days of crash Chad Population: 14 452 543 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 720 Deaths by road user category Source: National police (2016 data from Jan-Oct 2016) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 201620152014201320122011201020092008 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 5 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law No Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 121 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of Tr an sp or ta tio n an d T el ec om un ica tio n. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Trac Safety Commission (CONASET) Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 4 960 945 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 4 366 131 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 175 019 Heavy trucks 298 347 Buses 121 448 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 675 a (78% M, 22% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 2 245 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 12.5 a Integrated Statistical System of the Chilean Police (SIEC2). Died within 24 hours of crash Chile Population: 17 909 754 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 13 530 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 23% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 19% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 9%Cyclists 6% Pedestrians 36% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 4% Drivers and passengers of buses 2% Other 1% Source: 2016, Integrated Statistical System of the Chilean Police (SIEC2) Source: Integrated Statistical System of the Chilean Police (SIEC2) 8 9 10 11 12 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h b Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.03 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.03 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 13% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 99% Drivers d, 98% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 59% Front seats d, 14% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs Child restraint required Up to 8 yrs/135 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 73% e National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Can be increased up to an unspecified limit under certain circumstances. c Integrated Statistical System of the Chilean Police (SIEC2), includes driver, passenger and pedestrian deaths caused by alcohol. d 2015, Observation study of use of child restraint systems, helmet, and distracting driving and motorcycles, CONASET e 2015, Observation study of use of child restraint systems, helmet, and distracting driving and motorcycles, CONASET Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 122 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by N at ion al H ea lth an d Fa m ily P la nn in g C om m iss ion . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Inter-ministerial Convention on Road Trac Safety Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 6% reduction in mortality rate per 10 000 vehicles (2016-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 294 694 457 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control No a Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 58 022 b (94% M, 6% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 256 180 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 18.2 a However top 12 car makers (more than 70% of sales volume) committed to ESC standard as from 2018 b National road tra c accident situation in 2015, Tra c Management Bureau of the Public Security Ministry. Died within 7 days of crash China Population: 1 411 415 375 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 8 260 Deaths by road user category Source: Chinese annual statistics report on road tra c accidents in 2015 0 2 4 6 8 10 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 70 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population < 0.02 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol <1% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 20% All riders e National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 37% Drivers e National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers d 2015, Chinese annual statistics report on road tra c accidents e 2010, Study on behavioral risk factors of road tra c injury in Chinese adults Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 123 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by th e N at ion al R oa d Sa fe ty A ge nc y. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Agency Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 26% (2011-2021) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2017 13 477 996 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 5 388 100 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 7 512 036 Heavy trucks 414 836 Buses 147 921 Other 15 103 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 7 158 a (81% M, 19% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 8 987 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 18.5 a National Observatory of Road Safety (ONSV/ANSV), Based on Information from the National Institute of Legal Medicine And Forensic Sciences (INMLCF). Died within a year of crash Colombia Population: 48 653 420 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 6 320 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 4% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 5% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 53% Cyclists 5% Pedestrians 26% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 3% Drivers and passengers of buses 2% Other 3% Source: 2016, National Observatory of Road Safety (ONSV/ANSV), Based on Information from the National Institute of Legal Medicine And Forensic Sciences (INMLCF) Source: National Observatory of Road Safety (ONSV/ANSV), Based on Information from the National Institute of Legal Medicine And Forensic Sciences (INMLCF) 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 80 km/h Max rural speed limit 120 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.02 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 96% Drivers b, 80% Passengers b National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 64% Front seats b, 2% Rear seats b National child restraint law No c Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints 7.11% d National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, Observational study of road behavior in Colombia, Iberoamerican Road Safety Observatory (OISEVI) c A child under 2 years travelling with a driver only shall be placed in a child restraint. If there is an adult passenger, the child can be held by the adult instead of being placed in a child restraint. d 2016, Use of seat belt and child restraint system in Colombia, OISEVI Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 124 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of In te rio r, I nf or m at ion , a nd D ec en tra liz at ion . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Multi-sectoral Committee on Road Safety Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 34 898 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number None Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 23 a (96% M, 4% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 211 (95% CI 177 - 245) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 26.5 a Annual statistics of the National Gendarmerie. Died within 30 days of crash Comoros Population: 795 601 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 760 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 13% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 52% Pedestrians 17% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 17% Source: 2016, Annual statistics of the National Gendarmerie Source: Annual statistics of the National Gendarmerie 0 5 10 15 20 25 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes b Max urban speed limit — Max rural speed limit — Max motorway speed limit — Local authorities can modify limits — Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law No Applies to drivers and passengers — Helmet fastening required — Helmet standard referred to and/or specified — Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement — Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants — Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes b Tra c code refers to regulations to set maximum speed limits, regulations not available c Not based on BAC Trends in reported road tra c deaths Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 125 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of Tr an sp or t, Civ il Av iat ion an d Me rc ha nt N av y. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency General Directorate of Land Transport (DGTT) Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 20% (2017-2018) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles — Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 308 a (56% M, 19% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 405 (95% CI 1 124 - 1 687) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 27.4 a General Directorate of Land Transport (DGTT) Activity Report. Died within 30 days of crash Congo Population: 5 125 821 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 710 Deaths by road user category Source: General Directorate of Land Transport (DGTT) Activity Report 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 5 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 27% All riders b National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 4% Front seats b, 4% Rear seats b National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law No b 2015, General Directorate of Land Transport (DGTT) Investigation Report Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 126 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Road Safety Steering Committee Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target Zero crash-related deaths (2016-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for July 2013-June 2014 12 453 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 5 085 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 6 846 Heavy trucks 491 Buses 31 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 5 a (40% M, 60% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 17.3 a Cook Islands health information bulletin 2015. Unlimited time period following crash Cook Islands Population: 17 379 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ — Deaths by road user category Source: Cook Islands health information bulletin 0 10 20 30 40 50 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 50 km/h Max motorway speed limit 50 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 39% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes c Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants — Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes b 2015, Cook Islands health information bulletin c Obligation to use a helmet only applies to those riding on a motorcycle travelling above 40 km/h (except for specific provisions in Rarotonga - persons between 16 and 25 and visitors required to wear helmet at all speeds) Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 20% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 80% Source: 2015, Cook Islands health information bulletin Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 127 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Road Safety Council (COSEVI), Ministry of Public Works and Transportation Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 20% (2015-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads — Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 1 991 398 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 362 737 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 5 778 Heavy trucks 44 764 Buses 28 846 Other 549 273 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 795 a (87% M, 13% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 812 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 16.7 a Judicial Power, Planning Directorate. Died within a year of crash Costa Rica Population: 4 857 274 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 10 840 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 15% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 9% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 40% Cyclists 10% Pedestrians 25% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks <1% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other <1% Source: 2015, Judicial Power, Planning Directorate Source: Judicial Power, Planning Directorate 0 4 8 12 16 20 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 60 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 31% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 5 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 98% Drivers c, 92% Passengers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 75% Front seats c, 36% Rear seats c National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs/145 cm Child restraint required Up to 12 yrs/145 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2015, Judicial Power, Judicial Morgue (extraction of physical files) c 2016, Seat belt and helmet study, Road Safety Council, Ministry of Public Works and Transportation (COSEVI) Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 128 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of Tr an sp or t. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Road Safety Oce (OSER), Ministry of Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 50 % (2016-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 905 537 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 624 820 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 162 996 Heavy trucks 90 554 Buses 27 166 Other 1 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 991 a (76% M, 12% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 5 582 (95% CI 4 635 - 6 529) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 23.6 a Road Safety O ce (OSER). Died within 30 days of crash Côte d’Ivoire Population: 23 695 920 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 520 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 4% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 7% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 35% Pedestrians 40% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 5% Drivers and passengers of buses 8% Cyclists <1% Source: 2016, Road Safety O ce (OSER) Source: Road Safety O ce (OSER) and National Institute of Statistics (INS) 0 1 2 3 4 5 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law No Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 129 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency No Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 996 056 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 551 819 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 150 478 Heavy trucks 159 542 Buses 5 514 Other 128 703 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 307 a (79% M, 21% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 340 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 8.1 a Ministry of Interior. Died within 30 days of crash Croatia Population: 4 213 265 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 12 110 Deaths by road user category Source: Ministry of Interior 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h b Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 24% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 95% Drivers d, 95% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 62% Front seats d, 14% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 150 cm Child restraint required Up to 135/150 cm e Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Can be increased up to 80 km/h c 2016, Ministry of Interior d 2015, Faculty of Transort and Tra c Sciences, University of Zagreb e A child of height 135-150 cm can be restrained with an adult seat belt only provided that this child sits in the rear of the car Source: 2016, Ministry of Interior Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 35% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 14% Cyclists 9% Pedestrians 22% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 16% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 2% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 3% Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 130 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of M in ist ry of P ub lic H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Commission (CNSV) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 5 deaths per 100 000 population (2010- 2025) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 633 369 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 236 006 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 217 223 Heavy trucks 65 542 Buses 19 842 Other 94 756 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 750 b (80% M, 20% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 975 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 8.5 a Data available only for 2013 b Tra c Accident Registry. Died within 30 days of crash Cuba Population: 11 475 982 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 6 570 a Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 5% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 5% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 16% Pedestrians 33% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 12% Drivers and passengers of buses 7% Other 13% Cyclists 10% Source: 2016, Tra c Accident Registry Source: Tra c Accident Registry 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.01 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 33% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 7 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 95% Drivers e, 90% Passengers e National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 35% Drivers e, 30% Front seats e National child restraint law No f Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes c Random breath testing not addressed in the law d Systematic studies carried out since 1985, Institute of Legal Medicine e 2016, National Transit O ce f Children under 2 years shall be either accompanied by adults or restrained with special accessories Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 131 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Road Safety Unit, Ministry of Transport, Communications and Works Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2012-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 650 805 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 487 692 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 39 282 Heavy trucks 121 119 Buses 2 712 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 46 a (78% M, 22% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 60 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 5.1 a Cyprus Police. Died within 30 days of crash Cyprus Population: 1 170 125 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 23 680 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 24% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 11% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 22%Cyclists 4% Pedestrians 30% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 7% Drivers and passengers of buses 2% Source: 2016, Cyprus Police Source: Cyprus Police and Cyprus Statistical Service 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 65 km/h Max rural speed limit No Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 17% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 75% Drivers c, 68% Passengers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint d Child restraint required Up to 135/150 cm e Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, Cyprus Police c 2010, Cyprus Police d Provided that airbag is deactivated if child is in a rear-facing child restraint system e A child of height 135-150 cm can be restrained with an adult seat belt only provided that this child sits in the rear of the car Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 132 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency The Council of the Government of the Czech Republic for Road Safety Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 60% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 7 325 789 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 5 115 316 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 046 467 Heavy trucks 646 792 Buses 19 950 Other 497 264 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 611 a (76% M, 24% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 630 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 5.9 a Ranking EU Progress on Road Safety. Died within 30 days of crash Czechia Population: 10 610 947 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 17 570 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 37% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 17% Cyclists 9% Pedestrians 21% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 6% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 10% Source: 2016, Directorate of Tra c Police Service, Tra c accident statistics Source: Directorate of Tra c Police Service, Tra c accident statistics 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h b Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.03 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.03 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 10% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 98% Front seats d, 72% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint e Child restraint required Up to 36 kg/150 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Can be increased up to 80 km/h c 2016, Directorate of Tra c Police Service, Tra c accident statistics d 2016, Center for Transport Research, Public Research Institute e Provided that airbag is deactivated if child is in a rear-facing child restraint system Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 133 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Program for Road Safety (CNPR), Ministry of Transport and Communication Channels Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure — Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles — Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 385 a (81% M, 19% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 26 529 (95% CI 21 142 - 31 915) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 33.7 a National Program for Road Safety (CNPR), Kinshasa city. Died at scene of crash Democratic Republic of the Congo Population: 78 736 152 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 420 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 1% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 35% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 12% Pedestrians 52% Other <1% Source: 2016, Road Tra c Police (PCR) Source: Road Tra c Police (PCR) 0 100 200 300 400 500 201620152014201320122011201020092008 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h b Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.10 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.10 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law No b Tra c signs may on certain public highways provide for a higher speed limit not exceeding 80 km/h c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers Trends in reported road tra c deaths Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 134 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by D an ish R oa d Di re ct or at e. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency No Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target ≤120 fatalities by 2020 (2013- 2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 3 131 673 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 2 786 472 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 198 035 Heavy trucks 41 436 Buses 13 383 Other 92 347 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers — National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 211 a (73% M, 27% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 227 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 4 a Road Directorate, Tra c accidents for the year 2016. Died within 30 days of crash Denmark Population: 5 711 870 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 56 730 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 45% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 3% Cyclists 15% Pedestrians 17% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 16% Drivers and passengers of buses 1% Other <1% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 1% Source: 2016, Danish Road Directorate statistics (based on police data) Source: Danish Road Directorate statistics (based on police data), National statistics (Statistics Denmark) 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes b Enforcement — Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement — % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 5 yrs / 135 cm Enforcement — Helmet wearing rate 98% Drivers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate 96% Front seats c, 91% Rear seats c National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint d Child restraint required Up to 135 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement — % children using child restraints 97% e National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Speed limits can be modified at local level by the road authorities and the police c 2016, Danish Road Safety Council d Provided that airbag is deactivated if a rear-facing restraint is used e 2012, The Danish Road Tra c Investigation Board, Christian Skov Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 135 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Transport Board, Ministry of Justice, Immigration and National Security Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure — Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 35 796 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 25 812 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2 747 Heavy trucks 4 834 Buses 2 403 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 10 a (70% M, 30% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 8 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 10.9 a Death Registry. Unlimited time period following crash Dominica Population: 73 543 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 6 750 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 10% Pedestrians 10% Drivers and passengers of buses 10% Other 10% Cyclists 60% Source: 2015, Vital registration,Verified Police Records and Health Facilities Record Source: Death Registry 0 4 8 12 16 20 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law No Max urban speed limit — Max rural speed limit — Max motorway speed limit — Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement — Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law No Applies to drivers and passengers — Helmet fastening required — Helmet standard referred to and/or specified — Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement — Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 136 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by IN TR AN T. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Presidential Commission for Road Safety and National Institute of Trac and Land Transport (INTRANT) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 30% (2017-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 3 854 038 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 203 176 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2 096 196 Heavy trucks 41 385 Buses 92 144 Other 421 137 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 3 118 a (88% M, 12% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 684 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 34.6 a Combined sources. Died within 30 days of crash Dominican Republic Population: 10 648 791 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 6 390 Deaths by road user category Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 5% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 67% Cyclists 1% Pedestrians 17% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 3% Drivers and passengers of buses 1% Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 6% Source: 2016, Metropolitan Transportation Authority (AMET) Source: Metropolitan Transportation Authority (AMET) 0 6 12 18 24 30 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 60 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 8 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 27% Drivers b, 2% Passengers b National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 18% Front seats b, 5% Rear seats b National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs Child restraint required Up to 6 yrs c Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2014, Metropolitan Transportation Authority (AMET) c Children aged 6-12 years shall be placed in a booster seat Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 137 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by N at ion al Tr an sit A ge nc y. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Trac Agency, Ministry of Transport and Public Works Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 40% (2015 - 2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 1 925 368 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 358 713 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 431 215 Heavy trucks 111 608 Buses 17 826 Other 6 006 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 2 894 a (81% M, 19% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 490 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 21.3 a National Institute of Statistics and Census. Died within 30 days of crash Ecuador Population: 16 385 068 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 5 820 Deaths by road user category Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 19% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 1% Other 52% Cyclists 2% Pedestrians 20% Drivers and passengers of heavy buses 1% Occupants of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 5% Source: 2015, National Institute of Statistics and Census Source: Statistical Registry of General Deaths and the National Tra c Agency 15 17 19 21 23 25 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 120 km/h Max motorway speed limit 135 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.03 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.03 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 7% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 7 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 90% Drivers c,12-52% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 26% Front seats e, 2% Rear seats e National child restraint law Yes f Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs Child restraint required — f Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 15% e National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers c 2015, National Tra c Agency d 52% wear helmet if it is only one more passenger, 12% when there is more than 2 passengers e 2016, National Tra c Agency f The legislation refers to seat belt or child restraints for children under 12 years but does not yet specify a minimum age/height/weight under which only child restraint systems can be used Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 138 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Council for Road Safety, Ministry of Interior Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 2-5 % (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 8 412 673 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 4 966 129 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2 967 829 Heavy trucks 380 980 Buses 97 735 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 8 211 a (82% M, 18% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 9 287 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 9.7 a Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS) and Ministry of Health. Died within 30 days of crash Egypt Population: 95 688 680 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 460 Deaths by road user category Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks <1% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 21% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 6%Cyclists 1% Pedestrians 27% Occupants of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 45% Source: 2016, Ministry of Health Source: Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS) & Ministry of Interior 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 7 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Not based on BAC Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 139 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Vice Ministry of Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 008 080 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 727 412 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 209 214 Heavy trucks 60 320 Buses 11 134 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 215 a (84% M, 16% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 411 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 22.2 a Civil National Police. Define as unlimited time period following crash El Salvador Population: 6 344 722 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 920 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 16% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 16% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 14% Pedestrians 49% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Cyclists 1% Drivers and passengers of buses 1% Source: 2016, Civil National Police Source: Civil National Police and Institute of Legal Medicine 0 6 12 18 24 30 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Not restricted b Child restraint required Up to 2 yrs/15 kg Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes b Except for children under 2 yrs or 15 kg who are required to be transported in a child restraint Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 140 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of th e I nt er ior an d Lo ca l C or po ra tio ns . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency General Directorate of Trac and Road Safety, Ministry of the Interior and Local Corporations Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads — Investments to upgrade high risk locations — Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles 143 000 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2011) 41 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 300 (95% CI 221 - 379) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 24.6 a General Directorate of Tra c and Road Safety. Died at scene of crash Equatorial Guinea Population: 1 221 490 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 6 550 Deaths by road user category SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash — Enforcement — % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 5 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law No Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 DATA NOT AVA I LABLE 141 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Land Transport Authority, Ministry of Transport and Communication Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 5% (2012-2016) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 72 405 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 42 468 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 4 035 Heavy trucks 21 137 Buses 4 765 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 130 b (81% M, 19% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 255 (95% CI 1 025 - 1 485) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 25.3 a Data available only for 2011 b Eritrean Police 2016 Annual report. Died within 30 days of crash Eritrea Population: 4 954 645 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 520 a Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 10% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 26% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2% Pedestrians 25% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 12% Drivers and passengers of buses 15% Cyclists 9% Source: 2016, Eritrean Police 2016 Annual Report Source: Eritrean Police 2016 Annual Report 0 40 80 120 160 200 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 95% Drivers d, 95% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 80% Drivers d, 80% Front seats d National child restraint law No e Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 9 yrs f Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers d 2016, Eritrean Police e Legislation refers to the use of child restraint or seat belts for "children over 9" while children under 3 years are required to be placed in a restraint only while seated in the front f Except for an infant under 3 years fitted in a proper restraint Trends in reported road tra c deaths Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 142 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by Es to ni an R oa d Ad m in ist ra tio n. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Governmental Committee of Trac Safety, Trac Safety Department Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 51% (2015-2025) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 865 040 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 703 151 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 48 834 Heavy trucks 108 217 Buses 4 838 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 71 a (70% M, 30% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 80 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 6.1 a Police and Border Guard Board’s analysis and data warehouse information system. Died within 30 days of crash Estonia Population: 1 312 442 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 17 750 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 28% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 24% Cyclists 7% Pedestrians 31% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1% Drivers and passengers of buses 1% Other 4% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 3% Source: 2016, Police and Border Guard Board’s analysis and data warehouse information system Source: Police and Border Guard Board’s analysis and data warehouse information system and Statistics Estonia 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h b Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit No c Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.02 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 10% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 98% Drivers e National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 97 Front seats f, 82% Rear seats f National child restraint law Yes g Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — g Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 98% f National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Can be increased up to 90 km/h on certain conditions c No motorways in the country d 2016, Police and Border Guard Board’s analysis and data warehouse information system e 2015, Motorcyclist’s travel, driving and safety habits f 2016, Tra c Behavior Monitoring 2016 g The legislation generally states that children not tall enough to wear a seat belt must be secured by a safety device corresponding to the height and weight of the child but does not specify age/height/weight group covered Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 143 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Road Safety Council, Ministry of Works and Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 99 830 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 203 a (71% M, 29% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 361 (95% CI 296 - 427) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 26.9 a Royal Swaziland Police Annual Report. Unlimited time period following crash Eswatini Population: 1 343 098 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 830 Deaths by road user category Passengers of all vehicles 30% Pedestrians 44% Drivers of all vehicles 24% Cyclists 2% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers <1% Source: 2016, Royal Swaziland Police Annual Report Source: Central Statistics O ce 0 5 10 15 20 25 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 100 km/h b Max rural speed limit 100 km/h b Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h b Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Speed limit for public roads is 100 km/h for a road with a surface of concrete, bitumen or tar and 80 km/h for other roads c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 144 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015/2016 708 416 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015/2016) 4 352 a (78% M, 22% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 27 326 (95% CI 21 494 - 33 159) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 26.7 a Federal Police Commission. Died within 30 days of crash Ethiopia Population: 102 403 200 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 660 Deaths by road user category Source: Ministry of Transport 0 1 2 3 4 5 201620152014201320122011201020092008 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 70 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 4% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate <1% All occupants d National child restraint law No e Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 13 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers c 2012/2013, Ethiopian Federal Police Commission d 2013/2014, Ethiopian Federal Police Commission e Legislation requires that children under 7 years be either accompanied by an adult or "hugged by an instrument made for safety purpose" Trends in reported road tra c deaths Other 63% Pedestrians 37% De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 145 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by th e L an d T ra ns po rt Au th or ity . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Land Transport Authority Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 110 763 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 60 a (75% M, 25% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 86 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 9.6 a Fiji Police Force, Road Tra c Accidents Annual Report 2016. Died within 30 days of crash Fiji Population: 898 760 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 4 840 Deaths by road user category Source: Land Transport Authority, "Factsheet 4: Ratios - Population & Vehicle Registration Ratios over 10 Year Period" 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit — b Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 5% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 8 yrs d Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 80% Drivers e, 80% Passengers e National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 75% Front seats f, 5% Rear seats f National child restraint law Yes g Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required Up to 8 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes b No motorways in the country c 2016, Fiji Police Force, Road Tra c Accidents Annual Report d Except if motorcycle is fitted with one additional seat designed to transport children e 2016, Observation by Land Transport Authority (LTA) and Police enforcement o cers f 2016, Fiji Police Annual Booking Report g The obligation to use a child restraint for children under 8 years sitting in the rear is subject to the availability of a restraint system in the car Drivers of all vehicles 28% Pedestrians 37% Passengers of all vehicles 35% Source: 2016, Fiji Police Force, Road Tra c Accidents Annual Report Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 146 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by Fi nn ish Tr an sp or t S af et y A ge nc y. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Transport and Communications Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target < 136 fatalities by 2020 (2010-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 5 217 850 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 3 781 441 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 592 960 Heavy trucks 146 624 Buses 17 536 Other 679 289 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 252 a (81% M, 19% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 260 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 4.7 a Statistics Finland. Died within 30 days of crash Finland Population: 5 503 132 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 44 730 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 51% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 14% Cyclists 10% Pedestrians 11% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Other 4% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 9% Source: 2016, Statistics Finland Source: Statistics Finland 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 24% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 98% All riders c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 95% Front seats d, 85% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint e Child restraint required Up to 135 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 97% d National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, Statistics Finland c 2011, Finnish Road Safety Council, Research survey on moped drivers among students d 2016, Finnish Road Safety Council e Provided that airbag is deactivated if child is in a rear-facing child restraint system Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 147 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of th e I nt er ior . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Inter-ministerial Delegation for Road Safety, Ministry of Interior Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2010-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 42 363 000 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 37 920 000 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 3 800 000 Heavy trucks 550 000 Buses 93 000 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers — National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 3 477 a (76% M, 24% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 585 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 5.5 a National Interdepartmental Observatory of Road Safety (ONISR). Died within 30 days of crash France Population: 64 720 688 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 38 950 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 40% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 14% Cyclists 5% Pedestrians 16% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 21% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 2% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Source: 2016, National Interdepartmental Observatory of Road Safety (ONISR) Source: National Interdepartmental Observatory of Road Safety (ONISR, fatality data) 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 29% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 98% All riders b National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 98% Front seats b, 88% Rear seats b National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs c Child restraint required Up to 10 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, National Interdepartmental Observatory of Road Safety (ONISR). c By exception, children under 10 years can sit in the front if placed in a rear-facing child restraint (if front airbag is deactivated) or if there are no available rear seats Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 148 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency General Directorate of Road Safety (DGSR), Ministry of Transport and Logistics Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Not funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure — Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads — Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles — Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 54 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 460 (95% CI 382 - 538) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 23.2 a National Police Force (data for Libreville). Died within 30 days of crash Gabon Population: 1 979 786 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 7 210 Deaths by road user category Source: General Directorate of Road Safety (DGSR) 0 60 120 180 240 300 201620152014201320122011201020092008 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 5 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law No Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 149 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of Tr an sp or t, W or ks an d In fra st ru ct ur e. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Directorate of Planning, Ministry of Transport, Works and Infrastructure Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2005-2016 84 963 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 33 734 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 28 118 Heavy trucks 3 940 Buses 6 947 Other 12 224 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number None Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 139 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 605 (95% CI 484 - 726) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 29.7 a Gambia Police Force. Time period following a crash not defined in legislation Gambia Population: 2 038 501 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 440 Deaths by road user category Source: : Gambia Police Force and Gambia Bureau of Statistics 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit No Max rural speed limit No Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 2% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required Up to 5 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Not based on BAC c 2013, The Gambia Police Accident Statistics Unit Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 150 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by N at ion al Ce nt er fo r D ise as e C on tro l a nd P ub lic H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Economy and Sustainable Development of Georgia Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 25% (2016-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 126 470 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 919 199 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 63 083 Heavy trucks 93 497 Buses 50 691 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 581 a (54% M, 20% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 599 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 15.3 a Ministry of Interior Aªairs. Unlimited time period following crash Georgia Population: 3 925 405 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 810 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 20% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 24% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers <1% Pedestrians 27% Other 27% Cyclists <1% Source: 2016, Patrol police of the Ministry of Interior Aªairs Source: Ministry of Interior Aªairs of Georgia 0 5 10 15 20 25 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.03 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.03 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 9% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 70% Drivers d, 60% Front seats d National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers c 2016, Ministry of Interior Aªairs (Patrol police) d 2006, World Bank Survey on Seat Belt in Tbilisi Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 151 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by Fe de ra l H igh wa y R es ea rc h In st itu te (B AS t). INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure (BMVI) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 40% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 56 622 000 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 45 071 000 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 6 248 000 Heavy trucks 4 942 000 Buses 78 000 Other 283 000 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 3 206 a (73% M, 27% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 327 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 4.1 a Federal Statistical O ce. Died within 30 days of crash Germany Population: 81 914 672 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 43 660 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 36% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 12% Cyclists 12% Pedestrians 15% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 19% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other <1% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 5% Source: 2016, Federal Statistical O ce Source: Federal Statistical O ce 0 2 4 6 8 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit No b Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement — Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement — % road trac deaths involving alcohol 7% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement — Helmet wearing rate 99% Drivers d, 100% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate 98% Front seats d, 99% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required Up to 12 yrs/150 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement — % children using child restraints 97-99% d National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b There is no maximum speed limit on motorways c 2016, Federal Statistical O ce d 2015, Federal Highway Research Institute (BASt) Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 152 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by N at ion al R oa d Sa fe ty Co m m iss ion . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Commission (NRSC), Ministry of Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 2 066 943 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 171 169 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 515 507 Heavy trucks 153 923 Buses 210 997 Other 15 347 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 1 802 a (79% M, 21% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 7 018 (95% CI 6 056 - 7 980) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 24.9 a National Road Safety Commission (NRSC), National Accident Statistics 2015. Died within 30 days of crash Ghana Population: 28 206 728 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 380 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 5% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 7% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 18% Pedestrians 46% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 6% Drivers and passengers of buses 13% Other 2% Cyclists 3% Source: 2015, National Road Safety Commission (NRSC), National Accident Statistics 2015 Source: National Road Safety Commission (NRSC), National Accident Statistics 2015 0 2 4 6 8 10 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 42% Drivers c, 17% Passengers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 18% Front seats c, 4% Rear seats c National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 5 yrs d Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers or commission of a tra c oªence c 2015, National seatbelt and crash helmet usage survey d Under the road tra c act, children aged 5 years and below shall not sit in the front, while under the road tra c regulations they can sit in the front if placed in a child restraint Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 153 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by D ep ar tm en t o f T ra ns po rta tio n Pl an ni ng an d En gin ee rin g. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Inter-Ministerial Road Safety Committee Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target < 640 fatalities (2010-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 9 489 299 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 5 160 056 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2 969 879 Heavy trucks 1 332 823 Buses 26 541 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 824 a (80% M, 20% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 026 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 9.2 a Hellenic Statistical Authority (ELSTAT). Died within 30 days of crash Greece Population: 11 183 716 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 18 960 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 29% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 11% Cyclists 2% Pedestrians 18% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 5% Other 2% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 32% Source: 2016, Hellenic Statistical Authority (ELSTAT) Source: Hellenic Statistical Authority (ELSTAT) 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 25% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 5 yrs c Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 75% Drivers d, 46% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 74% Front seats d, 23% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required 135-150 cm e Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 67% d National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2015, Hellenic Statistical Authority (ELSTAT), National Technical University of Athens c Unless placed in an appropriate child restraint d 2009, National Technical University of Athens e The use of seat belt is allowed for children of height 135-150 cm sitting in the rear Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 154 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Transport Board, Ministry of Works Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 27 266 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 10 a (100% M, 0% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 10 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 9.3 a Royal Grenada Police Force Tra c Department and death certificates from the Epidemiology and Information Unit of the Ministry of Health. Time period for deaths not defined Grenada Population: 107 317 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 8 830 Deaths by road user category DATA NOT AVA I LABLE Source: Royal Grenada Police Force Tra c Department and death certificates from the Epidemiology and Information Unit of the Ministry of Health 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 20162015201420132012 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit ~ 32 km/h Max rural speed limit ~ 64 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes b Not based on BAC Trends in reported road tra c deaths Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 155 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by th e T ra ns it De pa rtm en t. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Transit Department, Ministry of Government Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 5.5% deaths per 100 000 population (2017- 2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 3 250 194 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 706 275 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 227 879 Heavy trucks 154 473 Buses 113 448 Other 48 119 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 2 058 a (84% M, 16% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 2 758 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 16.6 a National Observatory of Tra c Safety (ONSET), Bulletin 37, 2016. Died at scene of crash Guatemala Population: 16 582 469 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 790 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 8% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 11% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 33% Cyclists <1% Pedestrians 39% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 4% Drivers and passengers of buses 3% Other 1% Source: 2016, Tra c accidents database, National Civil Police. Source: Tra c accidents database, National Civil Police. 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 36% Drivers c, 11% Passengers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Not based on BAC c 2016, Observational study of helmet and vest, National Observatory of Tra c Safety. Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 156 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Program to Combat Trauma and Violence Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 259 731 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 187 165 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 72 566 Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number None Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 458 a (72% M, 22% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 490 (95% CI 2 903 - 4 077) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 28.2 a Police and Gendarmerie. Died at scene of crash Guinea Population: 12 395 924 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 490 Deaths by road user category Source: Police and Gendarmerie, Statistical Directory on Transport of the Republic of Guinea, 2nd Edition 0 150 300 450 600 750 2016201520142013201220112010 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law No Max urban speed limit — Max rural speed limit — Max motorway speed limit — Local authorities can modify limits — Enforcement — Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required Up to 18 mths b Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law No b The legislation refers to homologated seats for children under 18 months and to cribs and hammocs for children under 10 years Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 157 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of P ub lic H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency No Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 62 239 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 122 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 565 (95% CI 465 - 664) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 31.1 a National Transit Group. Time period following a crash not defined Guinea-Bissau Population: 1 815 698 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 620 Deaths by road user category Source: National Transit Group 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 6 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs/135 cm Child restraint required Up to 12 yrs/135 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 158 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of P ub lic S ec ur ity . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Public Security Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 15 694 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 8 846 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 3 505 Heavy trucks 1 356 Buses 785 Other 1 202 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 128 a (77% M, 23% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 190 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 24.6 a Guyana Police Force. Died within a year of crash Guyana Population: 773 303 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 4 250 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 11% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 13% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 22% Cyclists 13% Pedestrians 30% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 6% Drivers and passengers of buses 5% Source: 2016, Guyana Police Force Source: Guyana Police Force 0 7 14 21 28 35 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes b Max urban speed limit ~ 64 km/h Max rural speed limit ~ 64 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 17% d National motorcycle helmet law No Applies to drivers and passengers — Helmet fastening required — Helmet standard referred to and/or specified — Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement — Helmet wearing rate 50% Drivers d, 20% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 95% Drivers d, 95% Front seats d National child restraint law Yes e Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — e Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Speed limits set per vehicle type and road type - for motor cars, speed limits are: 30 mph (48 km/h) on restricted roads, 60 mph (96 km/h) on Timehri/Linden Highway and 40 mph (64 km/h) elsewhere c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers d 2016, Guyana Police Force e The legislation refers to child restraint sytem for children but does not specify the age/height group covered by this obligation Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 159 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by S ta te S ec re ta ria t o f S ec ur ity . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Directorate of Roads and Transportation, Secretariat for Security Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 694 504 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 987 829 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 602 837 Heavy trucks 63 094 Buses 40 744 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 407 a (83% M, 17% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 525 (95% CI 1 388 - 1 661) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 16.7 a Combined sources: National Observatory of Road Safety, Police Statistical System, and National Observatory of Violence. Unlimited time period following crash Honduras Population: 9 112 867 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 150 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 19% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 24% Pedestrians 28% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 5% Drivers and passengers of buses 3% Other 18% Cyclists 4% Source: 2016, Summary of Accidents, National Observatory of Road Safety, Statistical Police System (ONASEVIH/ SEPOL) Source: National Observatory of Road Safety, Statistical Police System and National Observatory of Violence 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes b Max urban speed limit — Max rural speed limit — Max motorway speed limit — Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.07 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.07 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 7% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No e Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation refers to regulations to set maximum speed limits, regulations not available c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers d National Observatory of Road Safety, Statistical Police System (ONASEVIH/SEPOL) e Legislation refers to the protection of children under 5 years but does not specify which form this protection takes Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 160 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H um an Ca pa cit ies . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency No Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2017-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 4 022 798 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 3 313 206 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 162 148 Heavy trucks 528 962 Buses 18 482 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 607 a (76% M, 24% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 756 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 7.8 a Hungarian Central Statistical O ce: Data collection No. 1009. Died within 30 days of crash Hungary Population: 9 753 281 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 12 570 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 28% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 17% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 11% Cyclists 12% Pedestrians 25% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 4% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Other 2% Source: 2016, Hungarian Central Statistical O ce: Data collection No. 1009 Source: Hungarian Central Statistical O ce: Data collection No. 1009 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population 0.00 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 7% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 100% Budapest, 92% Country road e National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 83% Front seats f, 39% Rear seats f National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required 135-150 cm g Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 67% h National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Any presence of alcohol in the body is prohibited c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers d 2016, Hungarian Central Statistical O ce e 2017, Institute for Transport Sciences f 2015, Institute for Transport Sciences g Children of height 135-150 cm can be restrained with seat belt only if they sit in the back h 2015, Institute for Transport Sciences, Roadside survey Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 161 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by Ic el an dic Tr an sp or t A ut ho rit y. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency The Icelandic Transport Authority (Samgöngustofa) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 289 501 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 264 998 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 10 573 Heavy trucks 11 068 Buses 2 862 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 18 a (72% M, 28% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 22 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 6.6 a Road Tra c Accident Report 2016, The Icelandic Transport Authority. Died within 30 days of crash Iceland Population: 332 474 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 56 990 Source: The Icelandic Transport Authority, Road Tra c Accident Report 2016 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 14% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted c Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 93% Front seats d, 86% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint e Child restraint required Up to 135 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 93% f National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2007-2016, The IceTrA accident database c Children who are 7 years or younger shall be placed in an appropriate child seat while children older than 7 years shall be able to have their feet reaching the pedals d Survey on attitudes and behaviour in tra c 2016 e Seating of children under 150cm allowed in the front only if front airbag deactivated f 2015, Transport Authority Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 56% Pedestrians 11% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 5% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 11% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 17% Drivers and passengers of buses 1% Source: The Icelandic Transport Authority, Road Tra c Accident Report 2016 Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 162 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of R oa d T ra ns po rt an d Hi gh wa ys . Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 6% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 12% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 40% Cyclists 2% Pedestrians 10% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 11% Drivers and passengers of buses 7% Other 13% Source: Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, Road Accidents in India 2016 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Road Transport and Highways Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 210 023 289 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 38 523 053 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 154 297 746 Heavy trucks 4 461 059 Buses 1 970 786 Other 10 770 645 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection Yes a Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 150 785 b (85% M, 15% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 299 091 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 22.6 a Mandatory from October 2018 b Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, Road Accidents in India 2016. Died within 30 days of crash India Population: 1 324 171 392 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 680 Deaths by road user category Source: Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, Road Accidents in India 2016 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 100 km/h c Max rural speed limit 100 km/h c Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h c Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.03 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.03 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes d Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 4% e National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 30% Drivers f, <10% Passengers f National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 14-40% Drivers g, 4-11% Front seats g National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes c Speed limit set per vehicle type with a maximum speed limit of 100 km/h for passengers cars comprising not more than eight seats in addition to the driver’s seat d Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers e 2016, Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, Road Accidents in India 2016 f 2015, The validity of self-reported helmet use among motorcyclists in India, Wadhwaniya et al g 2000-2015, Various journal articles and reports Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 163 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of Tr an sp or ta tio n. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Planning Agency (Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional - BAPPENAS) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 128 398 594 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 31 282 a (76% M, 22% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 31 726 (95% CI 27 277 - 36 176) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 12.2 a IRSMS Korlantas Polri. Died within 30 days of crash Indonesia Population: 261 115 456 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 400 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 2% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 3% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 74% Cyclists 3% Pedestrians 16% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other <1% Source: 2016, Indonesia National Police Source: IRSMS Korlantas Polri 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 71% All riders c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 69% All occupants c National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use No Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Not based on BAC c 2013, Average helmet and safety belt compliance across 42 cities enrolled in Wahana Tata Nugraha annual tra c and transport award Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 164 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth an d Me dic al Ed uc at ion . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Road Safety Commission, Ministry of Road and Urban Development Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 10% annually (2011- 2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016-2017 b 30 377 065 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 17 588 666 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 11 576 219 Heavy trucks 1 079 127 Buses 133 053 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 15 932 c (78% M, 22% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 16 426 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 20.5 a Data available only for 2014 b Based on Iranian calendar from 21 March 2016 to 20 March 2017 c Legal Medicine Organization. Died within 30 days of crash Iran (Islamic Republic of) Population: 80 277 424 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 6 530 a Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 20% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 28% Cyclists <1% Pedestrians 22% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 24% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Drivers and passengers of buses 1% Other 1% Source: 21 March 2016 - 20 March 2017 (Iranian Calendar), Legal Medicine Organization and Tra c Police Source: Legal Medicine Organization and National Statistics Center 0 8 16 24 32 40 2016-20172015-20162014-20152013-20142012-20132011-20122010-20112009-20102008-20092007-2008 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 95 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes d BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes e Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 2% f National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 59% Drivers g, 20% Passengers g National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 93% Front seats g, 15% Rear seats g National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes d Not based on BAC. Alcohol consumption is legally prohibited e Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers f 21 March 2016 - 20 March 2017 (Iranian Calendar), Tra c Police g 21 March 2016 - 20 March 2017 (Iranian Calendar), Tra c Police Field Surveys Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 165 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Supreme Council for Road Safety, Ministry of Interior Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Not funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 5 775 777 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 5 483 711 a Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 159 736 Heavy trucks 97 553 Buses 34 777 Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 4 134 b (78% M, 22% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 7 686 (95% CI 6 548 - 8 824) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 20.7 a Including Kurdistan b Combined sources including hospital and forensic medicine data. Unlimited time period following crash Iraq Population: 37 202 572 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 5 430 Deaths by road user category Source: Ministry of Health 0 5 10 15 20 25 20142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers No Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited d Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes c Not based on BAC d The law prohibits children to sit in the front but does not specify the age, size or weight of children concerned Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 166 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by D ep ar tm en t f or Tr an sp or t, To ur ism an d Sp or t. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency The Road Safety Authority (RSA) Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 25 deaths per million population by 2020 (2012- 2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 2 573 961 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 985 130 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 36 974 Heavy trucks 330 541 Buses 31 236 Other 190 080 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 188 a (74% M, 26% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 194 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 4.1 a Road Safety Authority Collision Database, 2017. Died within 30 days of crash Ireland Population: 4 726 078 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 52 560 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 43% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 20% Cyclists 5% Pedestrians 19% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Other <1% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 12% Source: 2016, Road Safety Authority Collision Database, 2017 Source: Road Safety Authority Collision Database 2017 and CSO website 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 39% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 99% Drivers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 94% Front seats d, 74% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint e Child restraint required Up to 36 kg/150 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2008-2012, Fatal Collisions 2008-2012, Alcohol as a Factor, 2016 c 2016, 2016 Observational Report on High Visibility and Helmet Wearing rates (only motorcycle drivers) d 2016, Mobile Phone and Seatbelt Observational Study 2016 e Provided that airbag is deactivated if child is in a rear-facing child restraint system Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 167 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Israel National Road Safety Authority (RSA) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 3 239 305 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 2 726 835 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 130 442 Heavy trucks 92 817 Buses 20 212 Other 268 999 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes a Electronic stability control Yes a Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 335 b (76% M, 24% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 345 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 4.2 a Required for cars made under US regulations - for European cars, no requirements further than ESC b Central Bureau of Statistic, Jerusalem, Israel. Died within 30 days of crash Israel Population: 8 191 828 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 36 190 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 26% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 20% Cyclists 3% Pedestrians 29% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Drivers and passengers of buses 3% Other 5% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 12% Source: 2016, Central Bureau of Statistics, Jerusalem, Israel and Israeli Police data Source: Central Bureau of Statistics, Jerusalem, Israel 0 2 4 6 8 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.01 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 4% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 98% Drivers d, 98% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 89% Front seats e, 70% Rear seats e National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required Up to 8 yrs f Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 52% g National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes c 2016, Israeli police d 2011, Israel National Road Safety authority e 2016, Israel National Road Safety Authority f For children under 3 years, a child restraint is required (and a rear-facing child restraint for children under one year) while for children aged 3-8 years the legislation refers either to child restraint or booster seat use g Observational survey (Figure for children aged 0-15 years buckled in accordance with the law) Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 168 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Transport, Directorate General Road Safety Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2010-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 52 581 575 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 41 322 370 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 9 354 428 Heavy trucks 885 513 Buses 97 817 Other 921 447 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 3 428 a (80% M, 20% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 333 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 5.6 a Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT) and Automobile Club of Italy (ACI) Survey on road accidents resulting in death or injury. Died within 30 days of crash Italy Population: 59 429 936 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 31 590 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 32% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 11% Cyclists 7% Pedestrians 18% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 26% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 2% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 5% Source: 2015, Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT) and Automobile Club of Italy (ACI) Survey on road accidents resulting in death or injury Source: Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT) and Automobile Club of Italy (ACI) Survey on road accidents resulting in death or injury 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h b Max motorway speed limit 150 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 20-25% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 5 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 98% All riders d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 62% Front seats d, 15% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint e Child restraint required Up to 150 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 38% d National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 110 km/h for main suburban roads, 90 km/h for secondary suburban roads c 2010, DRUID project on prevalence of alcohol and other psychoactive substances in drivers killed and injured (Isalberti et al., 2011) d 2015, Italian National Institute of Health e Provided that airbag is deactivated Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 169 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Council (NRSC) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target < 300 deaths (By 2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 541 316 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 418 945 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 14 090 Heavy trucks 107 815 Buses — a Other 466 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 379 b (84% M, 16% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 391 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 13.6 a Buses are included under heavy trucks b Jamaica Constabulary Force (JCF). Died within 30 days of crash Jamaica Population: 2 881 355 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 4 660 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 14% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 19% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 29% Cyclists 8% Pedestrians 22% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 4% Drivers and passengers of buses 3% Source: 2016, Jamaica Constabulary Force Source: Jamaica Constabulary Force (death data) and Statistical Institute of Jamaica (population data). 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit ~ 48 km/h Max rural speed limit ~ 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 6% Drivers, 2% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 54% Front seats d, 4% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes e Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — e Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers or commission of a tra c oªence d 2008, Jamaica Health and Lifestyle Survey (refers to use always or most times) e The legislation refers to child restraint system for children but does not specify the age/height group covered by this obligation Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 170 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth , L ab ou r a nd W elf ar e. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Central Trac Safety Policy Council Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target <2 500 deaths (within 24hrs) per year (2016-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 81 602 046 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 4 682 a (68% M, 32% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 5 224 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 4.1 a National Police Agency. Died within 30 days of crash Japan Population: 127 748 512 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 38 000 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 24% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 8% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 17%Cyclists 15% Pedestrians 35% Other 1% Source: 2016, National Police Agency Source: National Police Agency 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 60 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.03 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.03 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 6% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 98/95% Front seats d, 72/36% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required Up to 6 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 64% e National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers c 2016, National Police Agency d 2016, Joint study by Japan Automobile Federation (JAF) and National Police Agency. Percentages are for expressways and other roads, respectively e Joint study by Japan Automobile Federation (JAF) and National Police Agency. Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 171 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by Jo rd an Tr a c I ns tit ut e. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency No Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 502 420 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 750 a (79% M, 21% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 2 306 (95% CI 1 926 - 2 686) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 24.4 a Public Security Directorate (Jordan Police), 2016 Tra c Accidents Report. Died within 30 days of crash Jordan Population: 9 455 802 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 920 Deaths by road user category Drivers of all vehicles 38% Pedestrians 29% Passengers of all vehicles 34% Source: Directorate of General Security, Annual Reports of Tra c Accidents in Jordan 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 90 km/h Max rural speed limit 120 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation refers to alcohol testing in the case of reckless driving or in the case of a crash Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 172 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Internal A®airs Ministry of the Republic of Kazakhstan Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target ≤ 12 fatalities per 100 000 population by 2020 (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 4 383 120 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 3 835 609 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 9 692 Heavy trucks 439 167 Buses 98 652 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 2 625 a (74% M, 26% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 158 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 17.6 a Combined sources, including Committee on Statistics of the Ministry of National Economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Died within 30 days of crash Kazakhstan Population: 17 987 736 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 8 710 Deaths by road user category Cyclist 2% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 4% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 2% Drivers of all vehicles 60% Pedestrians 31% Source: 2016, Committee on Statistics of the Ministry of National Economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan Source: Committee on Statistics of the Ministry of National Economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan 0 7 14 21 28 35 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h b Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit 140 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl c BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.05 g/dl c Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol <1% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required — e Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes e Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Can be increased up to 90 km/h c Diªerent ranges are provided to characterize the degree of intoxication with the 0.05 to <0.15g/dl range corresponding to light intoxication d 2016, Committee on Statistics of the Ministry of National Economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan e The legislation requires that children under 12 years be placed in a child restraint or "other means" used in conjunction with a seat belt Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 173 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Transport and Safety Authority, Ministry of Transport, Infrastructure, Housing and Urban Development Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 2 979 910 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 2 965 a (83% M, 17% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 13 463 (95% CI 11 486 - 15 440) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 27.8 a National Transport and Safety Authority, 2016 Road Safety Status Report. Died at scene of crash Kenya Population: 48 461 568 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 380 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 12% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 25% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 24% Cyclists 2% Pedestrians 37% Source: National Transport and Safety Authority, 2016 Road Safety Status Report Source: National Transport and Safety Authority, World Bank, and Kenya National Bureau of Statistics 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 35% Drivers c, 3% Passengers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers or commission of a tra c oªence c 2010, Helmet wearing in Kenya, Bachani et al Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 174 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth an d Me dic al S er vic es . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency No Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target Zero deaths by 2019 (2016 - 2019) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for June 2016 - August 2017 3 706 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 2 547 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 757 Heavy trucks 4 Buses 398 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 5 a (60% M, 40% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 5 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 4.4 a Health & Police. Died within 24 hours of crash Kiribati Population: 114 395 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 380 Deaths by road user category Source: Health & Police 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 40 km/h Max rural speed limit 60 km/h Max motorway speed limit 60 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl b BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl b Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes c Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement — Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No d Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Reduced BAC limits introduced by the Tra c Act 2017, at December 2017, the notice of commencment had not yet been signed c Helmet provisions introduced by the Tra c Act 2017, at December 2017, the notice of commencment had not yet been signed d The Tra c Act 2017 requires children aged 1-16 years to be either seated in the back with a seat belt or restrained by passenger over 16 years Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 40% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 20% Pedestrians 40% Source: 2016, Health & Police Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 175 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency General Directorate of Trac, Ministry of Interior Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads — Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 2 001 940 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 628 834 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 19 193 Heavy trucks 264 567 Buses 54 633 Other 34 713 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 424 b (88% M, 13% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 715 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 17.6 a Data available only for 2015 b Tra c department, Ministry of Interior. Died within 30 days of crash Kuwait Population: 4 052 584 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 41 680 a Deaths by road user category Source: Ministry of Interior 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 45 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 80 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes c Not based on BAC. Alcohol consumption legally prohibited Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 176 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Commission for Road Safety, under leadership of the Prime Minister Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target Decrease mortality by 156 (2007-2016) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 993 000 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 812 a (74% M, 26% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 916 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 15.4 a National Statistical Committee. Died within a year of crash Kyrgyzstan Population: 5 955 734 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 100 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles <1% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 27% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2% Pedestrians 40% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks <1% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 30% Cyclists <1% Source: 2016, National Statistical Committee Source: National Statistical Committee 0 5 10 15 20 25 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No c Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint d Child restraint required — e Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Not based on BAC c The obligation to use seat belt does not apply in residential areas nor for children under 12 years d Children under 12 years travelling in the front of a car must be placed in a child restraint e Legislation only refers to the use of child restraints for children under 12 years travelling in the front Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 177 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of P ub lic W or ks an d T ra ns po rt. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Committee (NRSC) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 850 020 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 370 043 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 422 869 Heavy trucks 52 443 Buses 4 665 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 086 a (86% M, 14% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 120 (95% CI 946 - 1 294) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 16.6 a Department of Tra c Police. Died within 30 days of crash Lao People’s Democratic Republic Population: 6 758 353 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 150 Deaths by road user category Source: Secretariat to National Road Safety Committee (NRSC) 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 40 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit — b Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes c Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required Yes c Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law No d b No motorways in the country c The law states that children unable to wear normal seat belts must be placed in a child restraint seat but no specific age / weight / height is specified d Legislation banning drug driving only applies to bus and truck drivers Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 178 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by Ce nt re fo r D ise as e P re ve nt ion an d Co nt ro l o f t he R ep ub lic of La tv ia. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency No Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Not funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2010-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for on 01.01.2017 803 628 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 665 284 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 49 581 Heavy trucks 84 067 Buses 4 696 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 158 a (78% M, 22% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 184 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 9.3 a Road tra c safety directorate. Died within 30 days of crash Latvia Population: 1 970 530 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 14 630 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 28% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 16% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 12% Cyclists 4% Pedestrians 35% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 3% Other <1% Source: 2016, Road tra c safety directorate Source: Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia 0 5 10 15 20 25 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 11% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 150 cm d Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 85% Front seats e, 53% Rear seats e National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint f Child restraint required Up to 150 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers c 2016, Road tra c safety directorate d Or until the child can hold the balance and reach feet support or is sitting on a seat corresponding to its age and weight e 2016, Health behaviour among Latvian adult population, 2016 f Except if no seat belt is fitted in the vehicle, in which case children under 150cm shall be travelling in the rear Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 179 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by N at ion al R oa d Sa fe ty Co un cil . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Council Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads — Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 866 407 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 696 444 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 124 348 Heavy trucks 19 037 Buses 15 703 Other 10 875 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 576 a (78% M, 22% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 090 (95% CI 837 - 1 396) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 18.1 a General Directorate of the Internal Security Forces. Unlimited time period following crash Lebanon Population: 6 006 668 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 7 680 Deaths by road user category Drivers of all vehicles 28% Passengers of all vehicles 15% Pedestrians 37% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 21% Source: General Directorate of the Internal Security Forces (death data) and World Bank (population data) 0 3 6 9 12 15 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 70 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 10 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required Up to 5 yrs b Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation refers to regulations to further specify the child restraint rules Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 180 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Department of Road Safety Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles — Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number None Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 318 a (63% M, 37% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 638 (95% CI 544 - 733) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 28.9 a Police records. Unlimited time period following crash Lesotho Population: 2 203 821 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 210 Deaths by road user category Source: Police records 0 5 10 15 20 25 2017201620142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 60% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 75% Drivers b, 3% Passengers b National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, Police records Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 181 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth an d So cia l W elf ar e. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency No Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2012 1 085 075 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 073 438 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 3 780 Heavy trucks 396 Buses 7 461 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers — National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 175 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 657 (95% CI 1 299 - 2 015) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 35.9 a Liberia National Police. Died at scene of crash Liberia Population: 4 613 823 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 370 Deaths by road user category SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit ~40 km/h Max rural speed limit ~56 km/h Max motorway speed limit ~72 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.15 g/dl b BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.15 g/dl b Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 13 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants — Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes b Over this limit there is a presumption of alcohol impairement (from 0.05 to 0.15 no presumption established but the alcohol concentration can be used to decide on the guilt or innocence of the driver) Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 DATA NOT AVA I LABLE 182 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Department of Trac and Licenses, Ministry of Interior Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Not funded Fatality reduction target 3-5 % (2008 -2010, renewable every 3 years) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 3 553 497 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 2 821 285 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 828 Heavy trucks 624 243 Buses 8 248 Other 97 893 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 2 414 b (86% M, 14% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 645 (95% CI 1 234 - 2 171) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 26.1 a Data available only for 2011 b Department of Tra c and Licenses, Statistical report for road tra c crashes 2016 Libya Population: 6 293 253 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 4 730 a Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 39% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 36% Cyclists 2% Pedestrians 21% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2% Source: 2016, Department of Tra c and Licenses, Statistical report for road tra c crashes 2016 Source: Department of Tra c and Licenses, Statistical report for road tra c crashes 2016 0 15 30 45 60 75 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 85 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 1% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers No Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use No Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes c Not based on BAC. Alcohol consumption legally prohibited d 2016, Department of Tra c and Licenses, Statistical report for road tra c crashes 2016 Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 183 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by Ce nt re fo r H ea lth Ed uc at ion an d Di se as es P re ve nt ion . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency State Trac Safety Commission, Ministry of Transport and Communications Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 35%, from 92 to 60 deaths per 1 million population (2011–2017) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 1 391 568 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 295 018 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 37 753 Heavy trucks 51 941 Buses 6 856 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 192 a (74% M, 26% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 234 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 8 a Police Department, Ministry of Interior. Died within 30 days of crash Lithuania Population: 2 908 249 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 14 770 Deaths by road user category Passengers of all vehicles 16% Cyclists 9% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 6% Pedestrians 38% Drivers of all vehicles 31% Other 1% Source: 2016, Lithuania Tra c Police Service report Source: Police records and Statistics Lithuania 0 5 10 15 20 25 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h b Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.04 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 10% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 97% Front seats d, 30% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint e Child restraint required Up to 135 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Can be increased or decreased to an unspecified speed under certain circumstances c 2016, Lithuanian Tra c Police Service, Ministry of Interior d 2016, Road and Transport Research Institute e If transported in rear-facing restraints, airbag must be deactivated Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 184 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in sit ry of H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Sustainable Development and Infrastructure, Department of Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 01.01.2017 466 472 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 422 073 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 29 253 Heavy trucks 13 242 Buses 1 904 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 32 a (66% M, 34% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 36 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 5.7 a National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies (STATEC), Police Grand-Ducale. Died within 30 days of crash Luxembourg Population: 575 747 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 76 660 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 41% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 22% Cyclists 3% Pedestrians 25% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 9% Source: 2016, National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies (STATEC), Police Grand-Ducale Source: National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies (STATEC), Police Grand-Ducale 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 14% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs c Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 90% Front seats d, 76% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint e Child restraint required Up to 17 yrs/150 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies (STATEC), Police Grand-Ducale c And until the child is tall enough to adequately use the foot pegs d 2015, TNS ILRES/MDDI e Provided that airbag is deactivated if child is in a rear-facing child restraint system Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 185 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of P ub lic H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Intersectoral Committee for Road Safety (CISR), Ministry of Transport and Meteorology Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 5% (2015-2017) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 236 979 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 136 508 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 42 835 Heavy trucks 24 912 Buses 32 724 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number None Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 340 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 7 108 (95% CI 5 895 - 8 321) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 28.6 a National Gendarmerie. Died within 24 hours of crash Madagascar Population: 24 894 552 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 400 Deaths by road user category Pedestrians 47% All occupants 53% Source: 2016, Insurance Companies Committee (CEAM) Source: National Gendarmerie 0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 20112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h b Max rural speed limit No Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 5 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Can be modified up to 80 km/h Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 186 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Directorate of Road Trac and Safety Services, Ministry of Transport and Public Works Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 20% (2015-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles — Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 122 a (82% M, 18% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 5 601 (95% CI 4 590 - 6 612) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 31 a Road Safety Database. Died within 30 days of crash Malawi Population: 18 091 576 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 320 Deaths by road user category Drivers of all vehicles 6% Other <1% Passengers of all vehicles 25% Pedestrians 50% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 3% Cyclists 16% Source: 2016, Annual Tra c Accidents Report Source: Road Safety Database 0 2 4 6 8 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 26% Drivers b, 21% Front seats b National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, 2016 Seat-belt wearing and mobile phone use baseline survey Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 187 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Road Safety Department, Ministry of Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2014-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 27 613 120 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 13 123 638 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 12 677 041 Heavy trucks 1 191 310 Buses 59 977 Other 561 154 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 7 152 a (87% M, 13% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 7 374 (95% CI 6 482 - 8 266) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 23.6 a Tra c Investigations and Enforcement Department, The Royal Malaysia Police (RMP). Died within 30 days of crash Malaysia Population: 31 187 264 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 9 850 Deaths by road user category Source: The Royal Malaysia Police 0 6 12 18 24 30 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yesb Max urban speed limit 90 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol <1% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 91% Drivers e, 87% Passengers e National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 74% Front seats f, 10% Rear seats f National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law No b Speed limit set per vehicle and road type with a maximum speed limit for passenger cars of 110 km/h on highways and 90 km/h on other roads c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers or commission of a tra c oªence d 2016, The Royal Malaysia Police e 2016, Malaysian Institute of Road Safety Research (MIROS) f 2015, Malaysian Institute of Road Safety Research (MIROS) Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 188 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in sit ry of H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Transport Authority, Ministry of Economic Development Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Not funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 92 983 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 14 314 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 75 053 Heavy trucks 3 438 Buses 178 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 4 a (50% M, 50% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 4 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 0.9 a Maldives Police Service. Unlimited time period following crash Maldives Population: 427 756 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 7 430 Deaths by road user category Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 75% Pedestrians 25% Source: 2016, Maldives Police Service Source: Maldives Police Service 0 1 2 3 4 5 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 30 km/h b Max rural speed limit 30 km/h b Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law No c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement — % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers No d Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No d Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law No b Speed limit set per vehicle type with a maximum speed limit of 30 km/h for specified vehicles, except in designated areas with higher speeds c Alcohol consumption legally prohibited d Only required on roads where vehicles may be driven at a speed higher than the normal limit Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 189 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of Tr an sp or t. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Agency for Road Safety (ANASER), Ministry of Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 344 345 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 197 660 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 54 952 Heavy trucks 22 073 Buses — Other 69 660 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 541 a (88% M, 12% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 4 159 (95% CI 3 404 - 4 914) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 23.1 a National Agency for Road Safety (ANASER). Died within 30 days of crash Mali Population: 17 994 836 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 750 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 16% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 12% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 42% Cyclists 2% Pedestrians 11% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 4% Drivers and passengers of buses 10% Other 3% Source: 2016, National Agency for Road Safety (ANASER) Source: National Agency for Road Safety (ANASER), DNT, Police, and Gendarmerie 0 2 4 6 8 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.03 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.03 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol <1% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted c Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 6% Drivers d, <1% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes e Applies to front and rear seat occupants No e Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 20% Drivers d National child restraint law No f Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, National Agency for Road Safety (ANASER) c Children under 5 years traveling on motorcycles must be placed in a seat with tether belts d 2015, Spirit Survey Report e Seat belts are only required outside cities f Children under 13 years can be restrained either by a child restraint system or a seat belt Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 190 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M iin ist ry fo r H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Transport Malta Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2014-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 358 947 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 22 a (77% M, 23% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 26 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 6.1 a Vital registration data (mortality registry). Died within a year of crash Malta Population: 429 362 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 24 140 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 9% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 9% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 41% Cyclists 5% Pedestrians 27% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 9% Source: 2016, Malta National Mortality Register, Directorate for Health Information and Research Source: National Statistics O ce 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required Up to 3 yrs c Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers c Legislation refers to child restraint use for children up to 12 yrs / 150cm but allows children aged 3 years and over, in the absence of an available restraint, to travel in the rear without a restraint. For children under 3 years, a child restraint shall be mandatorily used Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 191 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Directorate of Road Safety, General Directorate of Land Transport (DGTT) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 25% (2012-2016) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles — Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number — Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 184 a (60% M, 40% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 064 (95% CI 891 - 1 236) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 24.7 a Directorate of Road Safety (DGTT). Died within 30 days of crash Mauritania Population: 4 301 018 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 120 Deaths by road user category SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 80 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No c Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes b Not based on BAC c The use of seat belt for rear seat passengers is only required outside urban areas Source: Directorate of Road Safety (DGTT) 0 50 100 150 200 250 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 192 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of P ub lic In fra st ru ct ur e. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Trac Management and Road Safety Unit, Ministry of Public Infrastructure and Land Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2016-2025) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 507 676 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 282 855 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 199 399 Heavy trucks 14 645 Buses 3 107 Other 7 670 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 144 a (94% M, 6% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 173 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 13.7 a Statistics Mauritius, Economic and Social Indicators on Road Transport and Road Tra c Accident Statistics, March 2017. Died within 30 days of crash Mauritius Population: 1 262 132 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 9 760 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 9% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 8% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 46% Cyclists 7% Pedestrians 31% Source: 2016, Statistics Mauritius, Economic and Social Indicators on Road Transport and Road Tra c Accident Statistics, March 2017 Source: Statistics Mauritius, Economic and Social Indicators on Road Transport and Road Tra c Accident Statistics, March 2017 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 90 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 24% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes d Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 97% Front seats e, <1% Rear seats e National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers c 2016, Forensic Scientific Laboratory d Reference is made to regulations to specify the types, shape and construction of helmets e 2011, Tra c Management and Road Safety Unit Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 193 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by S ec re ta ria t o f H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Council for Accident Prevention through its Secretariat (STCONAPRA) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 40 205 671 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 27 171 560 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2 608 659 Heavy trucks 10 067 394 Buses 358 058 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 16 039 a (79% M, 21% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 16 725 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 13.1 a Mortality Statistics, National Institute of Statistics, Geography and Informatics (INEGI). Unlimited time period following crash Mexico Population: 127 540 424 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 9 040 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 18% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 10% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks <1% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 41% Cyclists 1% Pedestrians 29% Source: 2015, Mortality Statistics, National Institute of Statistics, Geography and Informatics (INEGI) Source: 2015, Mortality Statistics, National Institute of Statistics, Geography and Informatics (INEGI) and National Council of Population (latter for population data) 0 4 8 12 16 20 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS * National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 20 -70 km/h Max rural speed limit 20-90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 45-110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 20% c National motorcycle helmet law No Applies to drivers and passengers No Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 83% Drivers d, 55% Passengers d National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate 49% Front seats d, 6% Rear seats d National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints 14% e National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use No Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes * These data take into consideration subnational laws. A criteria is answered "Yes" if at least 80% of the subnational entities meet the criteria b Not based on BAC in 19 out of 32 states c 2010-2013, Estimating the Drink-Driving attributable fraction of road tra c deaths in Mexico (Santoyo- Castillo et al, manuscript under peer-review) d 2016, Use of helmet, cell phone and speeding when driving: prevalence and associated factors in four Mexican cities (Hidalgo-Solórzano & Gómez-García) e 2014, Estimated use of child restraint in 2 Mexican States, STCONAPRA Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 194 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by D ep ar tm en t o f H ea lth an d So cia l A ªa irs . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency No Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES a Total registered vehicles for 2016 5 673 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 5 436 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 25 Heavy trucks 55 Buses 62 Other 95 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) a 2 b (100% M, 0% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 2 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 1.9 a Data for Pohnpei only b Pohnpei State Department of Public Safety and FSM Department of Health & Social Aªairs. Died within 24 hours of crash Micronesia (Federated States of) Population: 104 937 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 680 Deaths by road user category Source: Department of Health and Social Aªairs (HIS) - 3rd Global Status Report for Road Safety 0 1 2 3 4 5 2013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS c National speed limit law Yes d Max urban speed limit ~ 40 km/h Max rural speed limit ~ 40 km/h Max motorway speed limit ~ 40 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes e BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 100% f National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants — Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes c Legislation analysis takes into consideration subnational laws from Kosrae, Pohnpei and Yap (no data was available for Chuuk). A criteria is answered Yes if at least 75% of the subnational entities meet this criteria d Speed limits may be increased by the Governor (Kosrae and Yap) or by the Director of the Department of Public Safety (Pohnpei) e In Yap, a BAC limit is provided in the law. In Kosrae and Pohnpei, the law is not based on a BAC limit. No data is available for Chuuk. f 2016, Pohnpei State Department of Public Safety Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 50% Pedestrians 50% Source: 2016, Pohnpei Department of Public Safety Trends in reported road tra c deaths Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 195 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Road and Transport Development, The National Committee Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2012-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 841 537 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 547 299 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 42 751 Heavy trucks 175 648 Buses 6 823 Other 69 016 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 484 a (75% M, 25% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 499 (95% CI 471 - 527) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 16.5 a Health icators 2016, Center for Health Development. Died within 30 days of crash Mongolia Population: 3 027 398 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 550 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 17% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 22% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 19% Cyclists 1% Pedestrians 29% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Drivers and passengers of buses 1% Other 9% Source: 2016, General Police Department, "Statistics on road tra c injury and violation" Source: Center for Health Development, Health Indicators 2016 0 5 10 15 20 25 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.04 g/dl b BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.04 g/dl b Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 25% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted e Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Law based on breath alcohol concentration, values converted to BAC c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers or commission of a tra c oªence d 2016, General Police Department, "Statistics on road tra c injury and violation" e Children under 12 years can be transported on a motorcycle provided that there is a special support installed in the rear seat Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 196 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Coordination Body for monitoring the implementation of Strategy for the improvement of Road Safety Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2010-2019) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 211 219 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 184 623 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 4 362 Heavy trucks 13 445 Buses 1 308 Other 7 481 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 65 a (80% M, 20% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 67 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 10.7 a Statistical o ce of Montenegro (MONSTAT). Died within 30 days of crash Montenegro Population: 628 615 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 6 970 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 42% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 23% Cyclists 2% Pedestrians 14% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 15% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 3% Other 2% Source: 2016, Police Directorate Source: Statistical o ce of Montenegro (MONSTAT) 0 5 10 15 20 25 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.03 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes b Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 70% Drivers c, 30% Passengers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 40% Front seats c, 5% Rear seats c National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs d Child restraint required Up to 5 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes b As prescribed by the responsible state administration c 2016, Police Directorate d By exception, a child under 3 years can be transported in the front of the vehicle if placed in a rear-facing restraint provided that the airbag is deactivated Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 197 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of Eq uip m en t, Tra ns po rt an d Lo gis tic s. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Directorate of Road Transport and Road Safety, Ministry of Equipment, Transport, Logistics and Water Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 20% / 50% (2017-2020 / 2017- 2026) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 3 791 469 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 3 413 980 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 55 517 Heavy trucks 196 066 Buses 13 329 Other 112 557 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 3 785 a (83% M, 16% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 6 917 (95% CI 6 109 - 7 726) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 19.6 a Directorate of Roads. Died within 30 days of crash Morocco Population: 35 276 784 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 850 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 13% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 18% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 29%Cyclists 6% Pedestrians 26% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 2% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 5% Source: 2016, Directorate of Roads Source: Directorate of Roads (death data) and High-Commission for Planning (population data) 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population < 0.02 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 4% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 64% Drivers d, 31% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No e Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 63% Front seats d, 22% Rear seats d National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Alcohol consumption legally prohibited. c 2014, Directorate of Roads d 2016, National Committee for Road Accidents Prevention, Study on the measurement of behavioural indicators of road users e For rear seat passengers, seat belt required only outside cities Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 198 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of Tr an sp or t a nd Co m m un ica tio ns . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Land Transport Institute (INATTER), Ministry of Transport and Communications Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 698 864 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 379 a (76% M, 24% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 8 665 (95% CI 7 081 - 10 250) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 30.1 a Tra c police department. Died within 30 days of crash Mozambique Population: 28 829 476 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 480 Deaths by road user category Source: National Land Transport Institute (INATTER) 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 120 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.06 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.06 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 7 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs b Child restraint required Up to 12 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Except for infant under 3 years in a rear-facing child restraint with airbag deactivated Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 199 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Council (NRSC), Ministry of Transport and Communications Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Not funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for Till April 30,2017 6 381 136 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 516 707 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 5 391 505 Heavy trucks 59 680 Buses 28 383 Other 384 861 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 4 887 b (82% M, 18% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 10 540 (95% CI 8 860 - 12 219) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 19.9 a Data available only for 2015 b Tra c Police. Died within 30 days of crash Myanmar Population: 52 885 224 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 190 a Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 3% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 7% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 65% Cyclists 3% Pedestrians 14% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 3% Drivers and passengers of buses 1% Other 3% Source: 2016, National Injury Surveillance System (NISS) Source: Health Ministry Information System (HMIS) 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 48 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 21% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited e Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 32% Drivers d, 27% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 7% Drivers d National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes c Not based on BAC d 2016, National Injury Surveillance System (NISS) e Until footrests can be reached Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 200 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by N at ion al R oa d Sa fe ty Co un cil . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Council (NRSC), Ministry of Works and Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 6 March 2017 371 281 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 315 443 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 5 431 Heavy trucks 21 439 Buses 9 247 Other 19 721 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 731 a (72% M, 27% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 754 (95% CI 633 - 875) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 30.4 a Combined sources, including MVA Fund crash and claim data. Died within 30 days of crash Namibia Population: 2 479 713 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 4 620 Deaths by road user category Source: MVA Fund crash and claim data (fatalities) and National Census Report (population and projections) 0 7 14 21 28 35 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 120 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.079 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.079 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 4% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No c Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2011-2013, NRSC Alcohol Study Report 2016 c The law requires the use of child restraints for children (defined as people aged between 3-14 years) if available or the use of a seat belt if a child restraint is not available and an unoccupied seat fitted with a seat-belt is available Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 201 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Physical Infrastructure and Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2014/2015 2 339 169 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 187 014 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 547 312 Heavy trucks 56 250 Buses 52 388 Other 496 205 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 2 006 a (80% M, 20% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 4 622 (95% CI 3 928 - 5 317) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 15.9 a Nepal Police. Died within 30 days of crash Nepal Population: 28 982 772 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 730 Deaths by road user category Source: Nepal Police 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 2015-20162014-20152013-20142012-20132011-20122010-20112009-20102008-20092007-20082006-2007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 40 km/h b Max rural speed limit 80 km/h b Max motorway speed limit 80 km/h b Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes b Speed limit set per vehicle type with a maximum speed limit of 80 km/h for specified vehicles including cars, and a maximum limit of 40 km/h in an area with dense settlement c Not based on BAC Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 202 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of In fra st ru ct ur e a nd th e E nv iro nm en t. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment, Directorate-general for Mobility and Transport (DGB) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target ≤140 fatalities (2010-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 10 757 655 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 8 794 037 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 652 336 Heavy trucks 133 889 Buses 9 597 Other 1 167 796 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 621 a (74% M, 26% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 648 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 3.8 a Dutch Statistics, Vital Statistics. Died within 30 days of crash Netherlands Population: 16 987 330 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 46 310 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 30% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 8% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 21% Cyclists 30% Pedestrians 9% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 1% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other <1% Source: 2015, Dutch Statistics Source: Dutch Statistics 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 11-24% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 100% Drivers c, 84% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 97% Front seats e, 82% Rear seats e National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint f Child restraint required Up to 18 yrs/135 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2013-2015, SWOV factsheet DUI c 2012, PROV final report d 2008, BVOM, ‘Monitoring Bromfietshelmen 2008’ e 2010, BIA report f Provided that the airbag is deactivated if child is in a rear-facing child restraint Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 203 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of Tr an sp or t. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Land Transport Safety Team, Ministry of Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target Multiple (2010-2020) a SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 3 656 300 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes b Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 327 c (69% M, 30% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 364 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 7.8 a Targets vary for specific groups. See New Zealand Road Safety Strategy 2010 - 2020 b For new models as from 2018 c 2016, Motor Vehicle Crashes in New Zealand. Died within 30 days of crash New Zealand Population: 4 660 833 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 39 070 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 46% Cyclists 2% Pedestrians 8% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 16% Drivers and passengers of buses 1% Other 2% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 3% Passengers of 4-wheeled car and light vehicles 22% Source: 2016, Motor Vehicle Crashes in New Zealand Source: Motor Vehicle Crashes in New Zealand 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 27% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 97% Front seats e, 92% Rear seats f National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required Up to 7 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 93% g and 95% h National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes d 2016, Motor Vehicle Crashes in New Zealand (Percentages are for 0-4 years and 5-9 years, respectively) e 2016, National Survey of Seatbelts in New Zealand f 2014, National Survey of Seatbelts in New Zealand. g 2016, Ministry of Transport, Child restraint use by children under 5 years h 2016, Ministry of Transport, Child restraint use by children aged 5-9 years Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 204 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of Tr an sp or t. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Directorate of Trac and Road Safety (DC/SR), Ministry of Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 436 420 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 231 740 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks 11 389 Buses 10 676 Other 182 615 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 978 a (39% M, 61% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 5 414 (95% CI 4 273 - 6 554) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 26.2 a Ministry of Transport, 2012-2016 Statistics Yearbook. Died at scene of crash Niger Population: 20 672 988 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 370 Deaths by road user category Source: Directorate of Tra c and Road Safety (DC/SR) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit No Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants — Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes b Not based on BAC Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 205 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by Fe de ra l R oa d Sa fe ty Co rp s ( FR SC ). INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Federal Road Safety Corps Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 25% Annually (2014- 2018) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 11 733 425 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 6 732 639 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 302 410 Heavy trucks a 1 325 877 Buses 2 372 499 Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 5 053 b (79% M, 21% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 39 802 (95% CI 32 076 - 47 529) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 21.4 a All trucks included b Federal Road Safety Corps. Died within 30 days of crash Nigeria Population: 185 989 632 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 450 Deaths by road user category Source: Federal Road Safety Corps 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 c BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.002 d Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol <1% e National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 7 yrs Child restraint required Up to 7 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes c The legislation, as amended in 2016, refers to an alcohol legal limit of "0.05" for the general population but does not specify the unit to consider d The legislation, as amended in 2016, refers to an alcohol legal limit of "0.002" for young or novice drivers but does not specify the unit to consider e 2016, Federal Road Safety Corps Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 206 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by N or we gia n Pu bl ic Ro ad A dm in ist ra tio n. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency The Norwegian Public Road Administration Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target Deaths and serious injuries ≤500 (2014-2023) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 3 969 612 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 3 147 101 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 305 265 Heavy trucks 74 622 Buses 16 258 Other 426 366 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 135 a (82% M, 18% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 143 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 2.7 a Statistics Norway. Died within 30 days of crash Norway Population: 5 254 694 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 82 330 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 39% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 11% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 17% Cyclists 9% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 4% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 8% Pedestrians 12% Source: 2016, Norwegian Public Roads database (STRAKS) Source: Statistics Norway 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.02 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 13% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 99% Drivers c, 99% Passengers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 96-98% Drivers d, 95-96% Front seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint e Child restraint required 135-150 cm f Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2015, Road safety, environmental and technology department, 2015 state of road safety report c 2010, Statistics Norway d 2016, The Norwegian Public Road Administration (Percentages reflect "urban" and "outside urban" areas, respectively) e Provided that the airbag is deactivated if child is in a rear-facing child restraint f Child restraints are required for children under 150 cm. By exception, children of height 135-150 cm can be restrained with a seat belt only if sitting in the rear Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 207 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Committee for Road Safety Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 25% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 370 913 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 162 446 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 7 337 Heavy trucks 159 778 Buses 41 352 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 692 b (86% M, 14% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 713 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 16.1 a Data available only for 2015 b Royal Oman Police. Died within 30 days of crash Oman Population: 4 424 762 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 18 080 a Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 36% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 29% Cyclists <1% Pedestrians 23% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 3% Drivers and passengers of buses 5% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 4% Source: 2016, Royal Oman Police Source: Royal Oman Police and The National Centre for Information and Statistics 0 8 16 24 32 40 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit — Max rural speed limit — Max motorway speed limit — Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol <1% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 98% Drivers e, 92% Passengers e National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 98% Drivers e National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required Up to 4 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes c Not based on BAC d 2016, Royal Oman Police, Facts and figures e 2016, Royal Oman Police Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 208 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of N at ion al H ea lth S er vic es , R eg ul at ion s a nd Co or din at ion . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Communication Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 18 352 500 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 2 835 400 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 13 538 200 Heavy trucks 259 900 Buses 229 200 Other 1 489 800 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 4 448 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 27 582 (95% CI 23 243 - 31 920) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 14.3 a Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (Police records of provinces). Died at scene of crash Pakistan Population: 193 203 472 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 510 Deaths by road user category Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (police records of provinces) 0 1 2 3 4 2015-20162014-20152013-20142012-20132011-20122010-20112009-20102008-20092007-20082006-2007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 90 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 10% All riders c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Not based on BAC. Alcohol consumption legally prohibited c 2013, Road Tra c Injury Research & Prevention Centre, Karachi Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 209 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Trac and Ground Transport Authority (ATTT) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 15% of mortality rate per 100 000 population (2011- 2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 288 573 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 968 516 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 62 948 Heavy trucks 107 713 Buses 44 193 Other 105 203 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 440 a (85% M, 15% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 575 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 14.3 a Tra c Operations Directorate, National Police. Died within 30 days of crash Panama Population: 4 034 119 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 12 140 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 17% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 15% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 4%Pedestrians 40% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 4% Drivers and passengers of buses 2% Other 11% Cyclists 6% Source: 2015, Comptroller General of the Republic of Panama Source: Tra c Operations Directorate, National Police 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 80 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No b Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 5 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes b Children under 2 years shall be placed in a child restraint only where there is no other passenger seated in the rear Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 210 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by R oa d T ra c A ut ho rit y. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Road Trac Authority (RTA), Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 100 993 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 66 017 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 289 Heavy trucks 22 072 Buses 11 615 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 158 b (79% M, 21% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 145 (95% CI 991 - 1 298) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 14.2 a Data available only for 2014 b Tra c Police. Died within 30 days of crash Papua New Guinea Population: 8 084 991 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 160 a Deaths by road user category Source: National Road Safety Council 0 1 2 3 4 5 20132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 75 km/h Max motorway speed limit — Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement — Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement — % road trac deaths involving alcohol 56% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement — Helmet wearing rate 7.9% All riders National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted e Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes c Law not based on BAC d 2013, Royal Papua New Guinea Constabulary Police records e Children can sit in the front as long as they are using a seat belt Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 5% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 47% Pedestrians 47% Source: 2016, Tra c Police Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 211 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by N at ion al Tr an sit an d Ro ad S af et y A ge nc y. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Transit and Road Safety Agency Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 20% (2013-2018) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 871 947 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 567 388 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 624 202 Heavy trucks 75 247 Buses 18 456 Other 586 654 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 202 a (83% M, 17% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 529 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 22.7 a General Directorate of Strategic Health Information (DIGIES). Died within 30 days of crash Paraguay Population: 6 725 308 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 4 070 Deaths by road user category Drivers and passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 16% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 52% Cyclists <1% Pedestrians 23% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 1% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 8% Source: 2016, General Directorate of Strategic Health Information (DIGIES) Source: General Directorate of Strategic Health Information (DIGIES) 0 5 10 15 20 25 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population 0.00 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required Up to 5 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 212 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Council Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target From 10 to 6 deaths per 100 000 population (2016-2021) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads — Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 5 604 789 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 2 262 416 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2 943 070 Heavy trucks 319 184 Buses 80 119 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 2 696 a (77% M, 23% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 4 286 (95% CI 3 898 - 4 674) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 13.5 a Peruvian National Police. Died at scene of crash Peru Population: 31 773 840 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 5 950 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 2% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles <1% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers <1% Other 88% Cyclists <1% Pedestrians 8% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks <1% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Source: 2013, Ministry of Health, Vital System Source: Peruvian National Police 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 60 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 9% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 70% Drivers c, 8% Passengers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 16% Front seats d, <1% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs Child restraint required Up to 3 yrs e Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints <1 d National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, Peruvian National Police c 2014, Technical Secretariat of Road Safety d 2014, Observational urban study on the use of seat belt and child restraint system e Legislation requires the use of the seat belt for children from 3-12 years old Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 213 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by D ep ar tm en t o f H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Department of Transportation (DOTr) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 9 251 565 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 3 434 329 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 5 329 770 Heavy trucks 407 357 Buses 29 794 Other 50 315 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 10 012 a (81% M, 19% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 12 690 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 12.3 a Philippine Statistical Authority, Civil Registration and Vital Statistics. Unlimited time period following crash Philippines Population: 103 320 224 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 580 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles <1% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles <1% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 5% Other 94% Cyclists <1% Pedestrians 1% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks <1% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Source: 2015, Philippine Statistical Authority, Civil Registration and Vital Statistics Source: Philippine Statistical Authority, Civil Registration and Vital Statistics 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 40 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted c Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 87% Drivers d, 51% All riders d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 80% Drivers e National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 6 yrs d Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers c Child passengers on motorcycles are restricted in specific circumstances only (heavy volume of vehicles, high density of fast moving vehicles, speed limit over 60 km/h) d 2010, “Prevalence of Road Tra c Injury Risk Factors in the Province of Guimaras” e Ban on front seating set for children aged 6 years and below b Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 214 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Council Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2013-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 27 409 106 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 20 723 423 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2 531 520 Heavy trucks 3 098 376 Buses 109 844 Other 945 943 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 3 026 a (75% M, 25% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 698 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 9.7 a SEWiK Police Database (Tra c accidents and collisions reporting system). Died within 30 days of crash Poland Population: 38 224 408 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 12 680 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 29% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 18% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 11% Cyclists 9% Pedestrians 29% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 3% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 1% Source: 2016, SEWiK Police Database (Tra c accidents and collisions reporting system) Source: SEWiK Police Database (Tra c accidents and collisions reporting system) 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h b Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 140 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.02 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 13% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted d Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 99% Drivers e, 100% Passengers e National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 96% Front seats f, 76% Rear seats f National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint g Child restraint required 135-150 cm h Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 93% i National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 60 km/h from 23:00 - 05:00 c 2016, SEWiK Police Database (Tra c accidents and collisions reporting system) d Speed limit for motorcycles transporting a child under 7 years is limited to 40 km/h e 2015, Ministry of Infrastructure and Development, Using of motorcycle helmet in Poland 2015 f 2015, Ministry of Infrastructure and Development, Using of seat belts in Poland 2015 g Provided that airbag is deactivated if child is in a rear-facing restraint h Child restraints are required for children under 150 cm. By exception, children of height 135-150 cm can be restrained with a seat belt only if sitting in the rear i 2015, Ministry of Infrastructure and Development, Using of child restraints device in Poland 2015a Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 215 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Authority for Road Safety, Ministry of Internal Administration Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 41 deaths per million people (2016-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 6 590 094 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 5 970 710 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 506 400 Heavy trucks 98 267 Buses 14 717 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 563 a (77% M, 23% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 768 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 7.4 a National Authority for Road Safety. Died within 30 days of crash Portugal Population: 10 371 627 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 19 850 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 33% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 15% Cyclists 6% Pedestrians 22% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 1% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 18% Other 5% Source: 2016, National Authority for Road Safety, Ministry of Internal Administration Source: National Authority for Road Safety, Ministry of Internal Administration and National Institute of Statistics 0 2 4 6 8 10 201520142013201220112010 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 29% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 7 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 98% Drivers c, 97% Passengers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 96% Front seats c, 77% Rear seats c National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs/135 cm d Child restraint required Up to 12 yrs/135 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 91-100% c National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2015, National Authority for Road Safety and National Institute of Forensic Medicine and Forensic Sciences (INMLCF) c 2012, Portuguese Road Safety (PRP) d Except for children under 3 years in rear-facing child restraint with airbag deactivated Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 216 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by S up re m e C ou nc il of H ea lth . Qatar Population: 2 569 804 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 75 660 a INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Trac Safety Committee (NTSC) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 130 deaths by 2022 (2013-2022) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 330 487 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 16 479 Heavy trucks — Buses — Other 1 314 008 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 178 b (95% M, 5% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 239 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 9.3 a Data available only for 2015 b Ministry of Interior, General Tra c Directorate . Died within 30 days of crash Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 28% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 21% Cyclists 3% Pedestrians 32% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Drivers and passengers of buses 12% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2% Source: 2016, Ministry of Interior, General Tra c Directorate Source: Ministry of Interior, General Tra c Directorate 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 100 km/h Max rural speed limit 120 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 2% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints 72% e National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes c Not based on BAC. Alcohol consumption legally prohibited d 2016, Ministry of Interior, General Tra c Directorate (data from 2016) e 2015, Roadside observational study Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 217 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of La nd , In fra st ru ct ur e a nd Tr an sp or t. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target < 2700 deaths by 2021 (2017-2021) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 25 680 967 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 17 338 160 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2 180 688 Heavy trucks 3 492 173 Buses 892 539 Other 1 777 407 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 4 292 a (71% M, 29% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 4 990 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 9.8 a Korean National Police Agency. Died within 30 days of crash Republic of Korea Population: 50 791 920 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 27 600 Source: Korean National Police Agency 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 80 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 11% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 86% Drivers d, 40% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 83% Front seats e, 30% Rear seats e National child restraint law No f Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint g Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints 40-42% h National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers c 2016, Korean National Police Agency d 2016, Korea Tra c Culture Index, KOTSA (Korea Transportation Safety Authority) e 2016, Korea Tra c Culture Index f Only required for small children (defined as children under 6 years) sitting in the front g Safety seats required for small children (defined as children under 6 years) sitting in the front h 2016, National Survey Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 20% Pedestrians 40% Other 34% Cyclists 6% Source: 2016, Korean National Police Agency De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n Deaths by road user category Trends in reported road tra c deaths 218 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency The National Committee on Road safety Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 894 253 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 547 712 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 37 987 Heavy trucks 177 781 Buses 20 971 Other 109 802 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 346 a (76% M, 24% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 394 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 9.7 a National Center for Health Management. Died within 30 days of crash Republic of Moldova Population: 4 059 608 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 120 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 17% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles <1% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 4% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks <1% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 58% Cyclists 1% Pedestrians 18% Source: 2016, National Center for Health Management Source: National Center for Health Management 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.03 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.03 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 9% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 62% Front seats c, 18% Rear seats c National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs Child restraint required — d Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 50% c National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, Ministry of Internal Aªairs statistics c 2012, Joint report on the statistical data and the public's attitude to road safety in Chisinau and Tiraspol d The legislation refers to the use of child restraint systems or other means to transport children under 12 years Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 219 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of In te rn al A ªa irs . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Interministerial Council for Road Safety Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 7 014 661 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 5 472 423 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 119 534 Heavy trucks 912 790 Buses 48 803 Other 461 111 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 913 a (73% M, 27% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 2 044 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 10.3 a National database (EAC). Died within 30 days of crash Romania Population: 19 778 084 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 9 470 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 26% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 20% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 4% Cyclists 9% Pedestrians 37% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 3% Source: 2016, National database (EAC) Source: National database (EAC) and National Institute of Statistics (INS) 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 6% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 14 yrs c Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint d Child restraint required Up to 135 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, National database (EAC) c Children under 14 years allowed to be transported in the motorcycle sidecar and must be held in the arms under 7 years d If in accordance with the manufacturer's instruction and for rear-facing restraint if airbag is deactivated Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 220 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of In te rn al A ªa irs . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency The Governmental Commission on Road Safety Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target Reduce deaths by 8 000 (2012-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 54 014 259 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 44 698 592 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2 237 218 Heavy trucks 3 179 460 Buses 865 897 Other 3 033 092 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 20 308 a (72% M, 25% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 25 969 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 18 a Ministry of Internal Aªairs of the Russian Federation. Died within 30 days of crash Russian Federation Population: 143 964 512 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 9 720 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 32% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 25% Cyclists 2% Pedestrians 29% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 6% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 3% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other <1% Source: 2016, Ministry of Internal Aªairs of the Russian Federation Source: Ministry of Internal Aªairs of the Russian Federation 0 6 12 18 24 30 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes b Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.03 g/dl c BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.03 g/dl c Random breath testing carried out Yes d Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 23% e National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 66-83% Front seats f, 20-50% Rear seats f National child restraint law Yes g Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint h Child restraint required Up to 7 yrs i Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 49-52% f National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Local authorities can modify national speed limits through the posting of speed signs c Law based on breath alcohol concentration, values converted to BAC d Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers e 2016, Ministry of Internal Aªairs of the Russian Federation f 2016, Survey performed by the Russian Public Opinion Research Center, 2016 g Since 2017, child restraint systems are the only form of restraint allowed for children under 7 years (before the 2017 revision, children under 12 years were to be restrained either in a child restraint or by "other means") h Children up to 11 years (included) while sitting in the front shall be placed in a child restraint, children aged 12 years and more can sit in the front without a child restraint i For children aged 7-11 years old (included) sitting in the rear, child restraint or seat belt can be used Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 221 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Committee Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 180 137 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 71 394 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 91 874 Heavy trucks 5 909 Buses 1 234 Other 9 726 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers — National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 593 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 535 (95% CI 2 690 - 4 380) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 29.7 a Tra c Police. Died within 30 days of crash Rwanda Population: 11 917 508 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 700 Deaths by road user category SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 80 km/h b Max rural speed limit 80 km/h b Max motorway speed limit 80 km/h b Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law No b Speed limit set per vehicle type with a maximum speed limit of 80 km/h for passenger cars (not exceeding 3500 kg) c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers or commission of a tra c oªence Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 DATA NOT AVA I LABLE 222 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by D ep ar tm en t o f H ea lth an d W el ln es s. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Saint Lucia Road Transport Board Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 35 681 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 29 790 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 215 Heavy trucks 4 310 Buses 1 120 Other 246 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry — Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 15 a (73% M, 27% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 63 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 35.4 a Saint Lucia Royal Police Force (Tra c Department). Unlimited time period following crash Saint Lucia Population: 178 015 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 7 670 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 40% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 7% Cyclists 13% Pedestrians 13% Drivers and passengers of buses 7% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 20% Source: 2016, Saint Lucia Royal Police Force (Tra c Department) Source: Saint Lucia Royal Police Force (Tra c Department) 0 5 10 15 20 25 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit ~ 24 km/h Max rural speed limit ~ 24 km/h Max motorway speed limit ~ 56 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use No Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 223 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Works, Transport & Infrastructure (MWTI) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target <5 deaths per 10 000 vehicles (2011- 2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 25 235 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 23 557 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 95 Heavy trucks 1 184 Buses 326 Other 73 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015/2016) a 17 b (71% M, 29% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 22 (95% CI 20 - 25) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 11.3 a Data collected across fiscal year calendar 2015-2016 b Accident Compensation Cooperation (ACC). Unlimited time period following crash Samoa Population: 195 125 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 4 100 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 18% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 24% Pedestrians 47% Drivers and passengers of buses 6% Cyclists 6% Source: 2015/2016, Accident Compensation Cooperation (ACC) Source: Accident Compensation Cooperation (ACC) 0 7 14 21 28 35 2015-20162014-20152013-20142012-20132011-20122010-20112009-20102008-20092007-20082006-2007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit ~ 56 km/h Max rural speed limit ~ 56 km/h Max motorway speed limit — c Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 100% Drivers d, 100% Passengers e National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 100% Front seats f, 100% Rear seats f National child restraint law No g Children seated in front seat Not restricted h Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes c No motorways in the country d 2016, Land Transport Authority Instant Fine Act 2009/Tra c Oªence Notice e 2016, Land Transport Authority, Authorized Tra c O cers Report, Tra c Oªence Notice f 2016, Tra c Oªence Notice g Legislation refers to either child restraint or seat belt to restrain children under 12 years h Except if child restraint or seat belt are available in the front seat Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 224 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Working Group on Road Security Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 54 956 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 35 369 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 13 109 Heavy trucks 548 Buses 76 Other 5 854 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 0 b WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 0 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 0 a Data available only for 2008 b Information Technology, Data and Statistics O ce. Died within 30 days of crash San Marino Population: 33 203 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 51 810 a Deaths by road user category Source: Information Technology, Data and Statistics O ce 0 1 2 3 4 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 70 km/h Max rural speed limit 70 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required Up to 150 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 225 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Department of Land Transport, Ministry of Infrastructure, Natural Resources and Environment Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2017 34 050 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 23 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 55 (95% CI 43 - 68) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 27.5 a Special police transit unit of the national police. Died within 30 days of crash Sao Tome and Principe Population: 199 910 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 730 Deaths by road user category Source: Special Transit Unit of the National Police 0 5 10 15 20 25 2016201520142013201220112010200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.12 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.12 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 7 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No b Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs/150 cm c Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation refers to either child restraint or seat belt use to transport children c Except if the vehicle does not have rear seats provided and such transportation is made in a child restraint (with airbag deactivated if a rear-facing restraint is being used) Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 226 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Trac Department, Ministry of Interior Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 6 895 799 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 9 031 a (87% M, 13% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 9 311 (95% CI 8 268 - 10 354) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 28.8 a Tra c Department, Annual statistical report. Died within 30 days of crash Saudi Arabia Population: 32 275 688 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 21 750 Deaths by road user category Source: Tra c Department, Annual statistical report 0 7 14 21 28 35 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 80 km/h Max rural speed limit 120 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 16 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required Yes c Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Not based on BAC. Alcohol consumption legally prohibited c Reference is made to special seats to be used for children with no details as to the specific age/height under which children should be mandatorily placed in them Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 227 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth an d So cia l A ct ion . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Directorate of Land Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 35% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 468 051 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 348 088 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 38 879 Heavy trucks 56 631 Buses 17 689 Other 6 764 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 604 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 609 (95% CI 3 052 - 4 165) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 23.4 a Road Transport Final Report, February 2017. Died within 30 days of crash Senegal Population: 15 411 614 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 950 Deaths by road user category Source: Road Transport Final Report, February 2017 0 1 2 3 4 5 20142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit No Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers No Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes b Not based on BAC Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 228 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Coordination Body for Road Trac Safety Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 2 282 401 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 908 449 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 63 587 Heavy trucks 208 925 Buses 9 709 Other 91 731 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 607 a (82% M, 18% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 649 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 7.4 a Database of the Ministry of Interior on road tra c accidents. Died within 30 days of crash Serbia Population: 8 820 083 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 5 280 Deaths by road user category Source: Statistical O ce of the Republic of Serbia and Database of the Ministry of Interior on road tra c accidents 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h b Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.03 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 17% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 86% Drivers d, 74-87% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 75% Front seats d, 10% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs e Child restraint required Up to 3 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 28% d National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Can be increased to 80 km/h c 2016, Database of the Ministry of Interior on road tra c accidents d 2016, Road Tra c Safety Agency of Republic of Serbia (percentages for helmet wearing are for mopeds and motorcycles, respectively) e Except for children under 3 years if airbag is deactivated Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 30% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 16%Cyclists 9% Pedestrians 23% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 4% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 9% Drivers and passengers of buses 1% Other 7% Source: 2016, Database of the Ministry of Interior on road tra c accidents Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 229 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Department of Land Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 23 076 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 19 469 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 799 Heavy trucks 2 211 Buses 597 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 15 a (87% M, 13% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 15 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 15.9 a Police and Ministry of Health. Died within 30 days of crash Seychelles Population: 94 228 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 15 410 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 20% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 27% Cyclists 7% Pedestrians 20% Drivers and passengers of buses 7% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 20% Source: 2016, Police Source: Ministry of Health, National Bureau of Statistics, and Police 0 5 10 15 20 25 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 25-80 km/h b Max rural speed limit 80 km/h b Max motorway speed limit 80 km/h b Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No d Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 10 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes e Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required Yes f Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Speed limits depend on the geographical area considered: the maximum speed limit is 40 km/h on roads in Greater Victoria and 80 km/h on any other roads; the islands of Praslin and La Digue are subject to 65 km/h and 25 km/h, respectively c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers or commission of a tra c oªence d Reference is made to regulations to specify helmet types, in 2017 these regulations were in the process of being developed e The legislation refers to the use of child restraint systems for infant or child passenger but does not refer to a specific age/ height up to which the use of child restraint is mandatory f Obligation not based on age/height or weight Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 230 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Trac Police & Land Transport Authority Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 933 534 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 727 533 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 142 439 Heavy trucks 45 224 Buses 18 338 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 141 a (73% M, 27% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 155 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 2.8 a Singapore Police Force. Died within 30 days of crash Singapore Population: 5 622 455 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 51 880 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeledcars and light vehicles 6% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 1% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 44% Cyclists 14% Pedestrians 33% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks <1% Source: 2016, Singapore Police Force Source: Singapore Police Force 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 70 km/h b Max rural speed limit — c Max motorway speed limit 90 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes d Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 6% e National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 10 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required Up to 135 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Diªerent speed limits are set in urban areas ranging from 30 km/h to 70km/h c No rural roads in Singapore d Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers or commission of a tra c oªence e 2016, Singapore Police Force Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 231 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of transport of the Slovak Republic Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 2 606 412 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 2 388 415 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 126 630 Heavy trucks 82 563 Buses 8 804 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 275 a (78% M, 22% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 330 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 6.1 a Road Accident Database (ISDN). Died within 30 days of crash Slovakia Population: 5 444 218 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 16 810 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 33% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 17% Cyclists 8% Pedestrians 29% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 9% Drivers and passengers of buses 1% Other 3% Source: 2016, Road Accident Database (ISDN) Source: Road Accident Database (SEDN) for 2007-2009; Road Accident Database (ISDN) for 2010-2016; and Statistical Bureau of Slovak Republic 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population 0.00 g/dl b BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl b Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 6% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint d Child restraint required Up to 150 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Driving with presence of any alcohol in the body is prohibited c 2016, Road Accident Database (ISDN) d Provided that airbag is deactivated if child is in a rear-facing child restraint system Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 232 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by S lo ve ni an Tr a c S af et y A ge nc y. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Slovenian Trac Safety Agency Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2013-2022) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 468 439 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 183 476 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 97 418 Heavy trucks 31 374 Buses 2 690 Other 153 481 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 130 a (78% M, 22% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 134 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 6.4 a Police records. Died within 30 days of crash Slovenia Population: 2 077 862 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 21 660 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 35% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 12% Cyclists 10% Pedestrians 17% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 19% Other 5% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Source: 2016, Police database Source: Slovenian Tra c Safety Agency 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h b Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 32% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs d Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 92% Front seats e, 69% Rear seats e National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint f Child restraint required Up to 150 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Can be increased up to 70 km/h c 2016, Police records d Only children older than 12 years are allowed to ride as passengers on motorcycles e 2016, Slovenian Tra c Safety Agency f Provided that airbag is deactivated if child is in a rear-facing child restraint system Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 233 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by P ol ice Fo rc e. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Trac Unit, Ministry of Infrastructure and Development and Ministry of Police & Correctional Services Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles — Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 11 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 104 (95% CI 94 - 115) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 17.4 a Honiara Tra c Statistics 2016 Report. Died within 24 hours of crash Solomon Islands Population: 599 419 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 880 Deaths by road user category Source: Kukum Tra c Police 0 1 2 3 4 2013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes b Max urban speed limit — Max rural speed limit — Max motorway speed limit — Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants — Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes b Speed limits are established locally per vehicle type and/or per road names or areas Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 234 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Road Safety Management, Ministry of Public Works, Housing and Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Not funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads — Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2014 59 457 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 56 000 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 760 Heavy trucks — Buses — Other 2 697 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number None Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 165 b WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 884 (95% CI 3 023 - 4 745) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 27.1 b Tra c Police. Died at scene of crash Somaliaa Population: 14 317 996 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ — a The data published herein refers roughly to the following administrative subdivisions of Somalia: Awdal, Marodi Jeeh, Sanaagh, Sool, Togdheer and Woqooyi Galbeed Deaths by road user category Source: Tra c Police 0 40 80 120 160 200 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 40 km/h Max rural speed limit No Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law No Applies to drivers and passengers — Helmet fastening required — Helmet standard referred to and/or specified — Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement — Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants — Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes c Not based on BAC. Alcohol consumption legally prohibited Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 235 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by R oa d T ra c M an ag em en t C or po ra tio n. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Road Trac Management Corporation (RTMC), Department of Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2010-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles — Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 14 071 a (77% M, 23% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 14 507 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 25.9 a Road Tra c Management Corporation (RTMC), Tra c calendar report 2016. Died within 30 days of crash South Africa Population: 56 015 472 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 5 480 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 21% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 24% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers <1% Pedestrians 38% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 6% Drivers and passengers of buses 7% Cyclists 3% Other <1% Source: 2016, Road Tra c Management Corporation (RTMC), Tra c calendar report 2016 Source: Road Tra c Management Corporation (RTMC), Tra c calendar report 2016 0 7 14 21 28 35 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 58% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 33% Drivers c, 31% Front seats c National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Not restricted d Child restraint required Up to 3 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2010, National Injury Mortality Surveillance System (NIMSS) c 2010, Road Tra c Management Corporation (RTMC) Tra c Oªence Survey 2010 d Obligation to place children in the rear only applies in vehicles not fitted with seat belts and having rear seats Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 236 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Trac Police, Ministry of Interior Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2012-2016 69 647 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 32 070 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 27 250 Heavy trucks 4 830 Buses 5 497 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 130 b (53% M, 47% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 661 (95% CI 2 976 - 4 346) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 29.9 a Data available only for 2015 b Juba Teaching Hospital. Unlimited time period following crash South Sudan Population: 12 230 730 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 820 a Deaths by road user category Source: Tra c Police, Statistical yearbook for Southern Sudan 2010 and Population Projection 2015 0 4 8 12 16 20 201620152014201320122011201020092008 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit No Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law No Applies to drivers and passengers — Helmet fastening required — Helmet standard referred to and/or specified — Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement — Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants — Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes c Not based on BAC Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 237 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth , S oc ial S er vic es an d Eq ua lit y. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Directorate General for Trac, Ministry of Internal Administration Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target <3.7 deaths per 100 000 population (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 32 986 384 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 26 876 165 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 5 102 674 Heavy trucks 526 559 Buses 60 252 Other 420 734 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 810 a (77% M, 23% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 922 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 4.1 a Directorate General of Tra c. Died within 30 days of crash Spain Population: 46 347 576 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 27 520 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 32% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 14% Cyclists 4% Pedestrians 21% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 22% Drivers and passengers of buses 1% Other 2% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 3% Source: 2015, Directorate General of Tra c Source: Directorate General of Tra c 0 2 4 6 8 10 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes b Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.03 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 17% Males, 7% Females c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 7/12 yrs d Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 99% Drivers e, 93% Passengers e National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 91% Front seats e, 81% Rear seats e National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 135 cm f Child restraint required Up to 135 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 88% g National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Road authorities can decrease speed limits on both urban and rural roads. Speed limits can only be increased on urban highways c 2012, Global Status Report on Alcohol and Health 2014, WHO (percentages for females and males, respectively) d In principle, children under 12 years are not allowed to ride as passenger on motorcycles, by exception the minimum age is lowered to 7 years when the driver is one of the parents, or a person authorized by them e 2012, Directorate General of Tra c f Front seating for children under 135 cm is only allowed as an exception if there are no seats in the back or all other seats are occupied by children g 2012, Directorate General of Tra c. Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 238 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of Tr an sp or t a nd Ci vil Av iat ion . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Council for Road Safety (NCRS), Ministry of Transport and Civil Aviation Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 6 795 469 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 717 674 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 4 815 617 Heavy trucks 762 912 Buses 104 104 Other 395 162 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 3 003 a (86% M, 14% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 096 (95% CI 2 777 - 3 415) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 14.9 a Sri Lanka Police, Micro Accident Analysis System (MAAP). Died within 30 days of crash Sri Lanka Population: 20 798 492 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 780 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 2% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 5% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 51% Cyclists 8% Pedestrians 29% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Other 2% Source: 2016, Sri Lanka Police, Micro Accident Analysis System (MAAP) Source: Sri Lanka Police 0 700 1400 2100 2800 3500 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 70 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 95% All riders b National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 75% Front seats b, 75% Rear seats b National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, Sri Lanka Police, Micro Accident Analysis System (MAAP) Trends in reported road tra c deaths Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 239 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by Fe de ra l M in ist ry of H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Road Safety Coordination Council Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 20% (2017-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 252 740 a Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 935 132 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 149 778 Heavy trucks 86 430 Buses 81 400 Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 2 311 b (77% M, 23% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 10 178 (95% CI 8 635 - 11 722) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 25.7 a Data includes police, army and national security vehicles, which are not reflected in o cial records b Tra c police, Annual report for road tra c crashes 2016. Died within 7 days of crash Sudan Population: 39 578 828 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 140 Deaths by road user category Pedestrians 29% Other 71% Source: 2016, Tra c police, Annual report for road tra c crashes Source: Tra c police, Annual report for road tra c crashes 2013/2016 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol <1% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes c Not based on BAC d 2016, Tra c police, Annual report for road tra c crashes 2016 Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 240 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency No Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 228 388 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 146 110 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 43 256 Heavy trucks 34 434 Buses 3 608 Other 980 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 74 a (84% M, 16% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 81 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 14.5 a Combined sources: Tra c Police, Ministry of Justice and Police, and Emergency Medical Department Academic Hospital Paramaribo. Died within 30 days of crash Suriname Population: 558 368 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 7 070 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 22% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 12% Cyclists 4% Pedestrians 15% Other 1% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 46% Source: 2016, Tra c Police, Ministry of Justice and Police Source: Tra c Police, Ministry of Justice and Police, and General Bureau of Statistics 0 5 10 15 20 25 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 40 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 80 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 95% Drivers b, 92% Passengers b National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 75% Front seats b, 8% Rear seats b National child restraint law Yes c Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required — c Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, Tra c Police Suriname, Ministry of Justice and Police c For children under 10 years, the legislation refers to the use of child restraint system (CRS) where available and appropriate, and specifies that in the absence of child restraint, seat belts are to be used Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 241 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by S we dis h T ra ns po rt Ad m in ist ra tio n. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Swedish Transport Administration, Ministry of Enterprise and Innovation Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2007-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 6 102 914 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 5 302 808 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 375 188 Heavy trucks 81 430 Buses 13 890 Other 329 598 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 270 a (76% M, 24% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 278 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 2.8 a O cial statistics (Swedish Transport Analysis). Died within 30 days of crash Sweden Population: 9 837 533 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 54 630 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 39% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 15% Cyclists 8% Pedestrians 16% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 16% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 4% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Source: 2016, STRADA (Swedish Tra c Accident Data Acquisition), Swedish Transport Agency Source: O cial statistics (Swedish Transport Analysis) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.02 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 24% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 97-99% All Riders c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 96% Front seats d, 90% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint e Child restraint required Up to 135 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 96% f National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use No Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, In-depth studies of fatal crashes, Swedish Transport Administration c 2016, Travel survey (VTI) d 2016, Swedish Transport Administration, Analysis of road safety development 2016 e Provided that airbag is deactivated if child is in a rear-facing child restraint system f 2013, The Sweden National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI), The use of seat belts in Sweden 2013. Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 242 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by Fe de ra l D ep ar tm en t o f t he En vir on m en t, Tra ns po rt, En er gy an d Co m m un ica tio ns . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Federal Roads Oce (FEDRO) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 5 980 512 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 4 927 655 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 720 381 Heavy trucks 53 094 Buses 14 742 Other 264 640 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 216 a (70% M, 30% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 223 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 2.7 a Federal Roads O ce. Died within 30 days of crash Switzerland Population: 8 401 739 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 81 240 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 26% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 8% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 23% Cyclists 15% Pedestrians 23% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks <1% Other 4% Source: 2016, Federal Roads O ce Source: Swiss Federal Statistical O ce 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.01 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 13% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 100% Drivers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 94% Front seats c, 86% Rear seats c National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required Up to 12 yrs/150 cm d Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 93% e National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, Federal Roads O ce c 2016, Swiss Council for Accident Prevention (BFU) d Children under 12 years and less than 150 cm shall be placed in a child restraint e 2012, Swiss Council for Accident Prevention (BFU) Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 243 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Committee for Road Safety Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 2 396 544 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 811 359 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 466 205 Heavy trucks 41 647 Buses 77 333 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 714 b (86% M, 14% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 4 890 (95% CI 4 009 - 5 772) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 26.5 a Data available only for 2007 b Ministry of Interior, Tra c Department. Died within 30 days of crash Syrian Arab Republic Population: 18 430 452 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 840 a Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 9% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 10% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 6% Pedestrians 65% Drivers and passengers of buses 1% Other 3% Cyclists 6% Source: 2016, Ministry of Interior, Tra c Department Source: Ministry of Interior, Tra c Department 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit — Max rural speed limit — Max motorway speed limit — Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers No Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 90% Drivers d, 90% Front seats d National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law No c The law refers to regulations to set BAC limit, regulations not available d 2016, Ministry of Interior, Tra c Department Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 244 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth an d So cia l P ro te ct ion . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Department of the State Automobile Inspection, Ministry of Internal A®airs Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 439 972 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 380 496 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 4 546 Heavy trucks 39 261 Buses 15 669 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 427 a (72% M, 28% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 577 (95% CI 1 449 - 1 704) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 18.1 a Department of the State Automobile Inspection, Ministry of Internal Aªairs. Died within 7 days of crash Tajikistan Population: 8 734 951 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 110 Deaths by road user category Drivers of all vehicles 22% Passengers of all vehicles 36% Pedestrians 40% Cyclists 2% Source: Department of the State Automobile Inspection, Ministry of Internal Aªairs. 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — b BAC limit – young or novice drivers — b Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 4% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint d Child restraint required — e Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Not based on BAC c 2016, Department of the State Automobile Inspection, Ministry of Internal Aªairs. d Front seating of children under 12 years allowed if a child restraint is being used e Legislation refers to child restraints or “other means” to secure children under 12 years but allows the transport of children under 12 years on the knees of an adult passenger seated in the back with the seat belt fastened Trends in reported road tra c deaths Source: 2016, Department of the State Automobile Inspection, Ministry of Internal Aªairs De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 245 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of P ub lic H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Ministry of Interior Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target ≤ 10 deaths per 100 000 population (2010-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 31 Dec 2016 37 338 139 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 15 003 774 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 20 497 296 Heavy trucks 1 055 717 Buses 157 799 Other 623 553 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No a Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 21 745 b (79% M, 21% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 22 491 (95% CI 20 265 - 24 717) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 32.7 a Thailand launched an ECO-CAR program with tax incentives to cars with ESC but is not mandatory for all cars b Data Integration: (1) Death registration validated with Medical Certification of Cause of Death from hospitals; (2) Royal Thai Police; (3) Road Accident Victims Protection Company Limited. Unlimited time period following crash Thailand Population: 68 863 512 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 5 640 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 6% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 6% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 74% Cyclists 3% Pedestrians 8% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks <1% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 1% Source: 2016, Injury surveillance system, Bureau of Epidemiology, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health Source: Data Integration: (1) Death registration validated with Medical Certification of Cause of Death from hospitals; (2) Royal Thai Police; (3) Road Accident Victims Protection Company Limited 0 8 16 24 32 40 201620152014201320122011 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 80 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 14% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 51% Drivers e, 20% Passengers e National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 58% Drivers f, 40% Front seats f National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers d 2016, Injury Surveillance System across 33 hospital sentinel sites e 2015, Survey of ThaiRoads Foundation f 2011, Survey of ThaiRoads Foundation Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 246 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Republic Council on Road Trac Safety and Coordination Body of the Government of Republic of Macedonia Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target Reduction of fatalities to EU average, reduction of young driver victims by 30%, and zero child victims (2015 - 2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 442 962 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 383 833 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 10 050 Heavy trucks 45 836 Buses 3 243 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 148 a (80% M, 20% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 134 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 6.4 a Ministry of Interior and State Statistical O ce. Died within 30 days of crash The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Population: 2 081 206 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 4 980 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 26% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 20% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 9% Cyclists 6% Pedestrians 33% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 3% Other 2% Source: 2015, Ministry of Interior and State Statistical O ce Source: State Statistical O ce and Ministry of Interior 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h b Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.01 g/dl c Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 1% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 20% Front seats e, 3% Rear seats e National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs f Child restraint required Up to 5 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Can be increased up to 70 km/h c In the law ≤ 0.009 g/dl d 2015, State Statistical O ce and Ministry of Interior e 2015, Survey conducted by the Department for tra c and transport f Except for children under 2 years in a rear-facing child restraint if airbag is deactivated Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 247 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Directorate of Transport, Ministry of Interior Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for December 2016 146 596 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 24 438 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 108 409 Heavy trucks 1 120 Buses 207 Other 12 422 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 71 b WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 161 (95% CI 138 - 184) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 12.7 a Data available only for 2015 b National Police Timor-Leste (PNTL), National Transit Department. Died within 24 hours of crash Timor-Leste Population: 1 268 671 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 180 a Deaths by road user category DATA NOT AVA I LABLE Source: National Police Timor-Leste (PNTL), National Transit Department (death data), Census 2010 (population data) 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs c Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes c Unless the vehicle does not have a back seat and such transportation is carried out by using an approved child restraint, appropriate to the child's size and weight Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 248 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of S ec ur ity an d Civ il Pr ot ec tio n. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Oce of Road Safety (ONSR), Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport (MIT) Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 64 118 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 17 000 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 45 341 Heavy trucks 791 Buses 62 Other 924 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 514 a (50% M, 22% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 2 224 (95% CI 1 800 - 2 649) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 29.2 a Police and Ministry of Security and Civil Protection (MSPC). Died within 30 days of crash Togo Population: 7 606 374 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 540 Deaths by road user category Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 11% Occupants of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 17% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 72% Source: 2016, Ministry of Security and Civil Protection (MSPC), 2008-2016 Annual Report Source: Ministry of Security and Civil Protection (MSPC), 2008-2016 Annual Reports (death data), National Institute of Statistics and Economic and Demographic Studies (population data) 0 3 6 9 12 15 201620152014201320122011201020092008 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law No Max urban speed limit — Max rural speed limit — Max motorway speed limit — Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement — Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes b Not based on BAC Trends in reported road tra c deaths National Oce of Road Safety (ONSR), Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport (MIT) De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 249 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Police (Department of Trac) and Ministry of Infrastructure Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% reduction in rate per 100 000 population (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2012 8 154 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 6 039 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 184 Heavy trucks 1 882 Buses 49 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 18 a (89% M, 11% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 18 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 16.8 a Road Tra c Accident Registry. Died within 24 hours of crash Tonga Population: 107 122 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 4 020 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 33% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 33% Pedestrians 28% Other 6% Source: 2016, Road Tra c Accident Registry, Ministry of Police Source: Road Tra c Accident Registry, Ministry of Police 0 4 8 12 16 20 201620152014201320122011201020092008 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 70 km/h Max motorway speed limit 70 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.03 g/dl b BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.03 g/dl b Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 77% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants — Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law No b Law based on breath alcohol concentration, values converted to BAC c 2016, Audit on Major Trauma for the year 2016, Emergency Department, Ministry of Health Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 250 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Council, Ministry of Works and Transport Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads — Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 1996-2015 831 803 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 378 584 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 4 736 Heavy trucks 96 612 Buses 431 Other 351 440 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 135 a (76% M, 24% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 165 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 12.1 a Trinidad and Tobago Police Service. Died within a year of crash Trinidad and Tobago Population: 1 364 962 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 15 680 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 29% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 29%Cyclists <1% Pedestrians 31% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 4% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 4% Source: 2016, Trinidad and Tobago Police Service Source: Trinidad and Tobago Police Service 0 5 10 15 20 25 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 5 yrs Child restraint required Up to 5 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 251 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Observatory for Information, Training, Documentation and Studies on Road Safety, Ministry of Interior Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads — Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 2 015 601 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 718 175 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 16 306 Heavy trucks 260 369 Buses 20 751 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 443 a (88% M, 12% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 2 595 (95% CI 2 321 - 2 869) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 22.8 a National Tra c Safety Observatory in coordination with the Guard and Tra c Police Departments. Died within 30 days of crash Tunisia Population: 11 403 248 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 690 Deaths by road user category Drivers of all vehicles 25% Passengers of all vehicles 24% Pedestrians 25% Other <1% Cyclist 2% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 23% Source: National Tra c Safety Observatory in coordination with the Guard and Tra c Police Departments 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.03 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 2% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 6 yrs c Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, National Tra c Safety Observatory in coordination with the Guard and Tra c Police Departments c The ban includes children aged 6 years Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 252 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Higher Board of Road Safety, Ministry of Interior Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 21 090 424 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 17 040 996 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 3 003 733 Heavy trucks 825 334 Buses 220 361 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 7 300 a (78% M, 22% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 9 782 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 12.3 a Directorate General For Security. Died within 30 days of crash Turkey Population: 79 512 424 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 11 180 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 22% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 15% Pedestrians 23% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 4% Drivers and passengers of buses 1% Other 33% Cyclists 2% Source: 2016, Accident Reporting Database Source: Directorate General for Security 0 2 4 6 8 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h b Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h b Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 3% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 75% All riders d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 50% Drivers e, 41% Front seats e National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint f Child restraint required Up to 36 kg/135 cm g Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes b Ministry of Interior can increase speed limits by 20 km/h for automobiles c 2012, Turkish National Police d 2016, Directorate General for Security e 2013, 2016 - Turkey Analysis: Follow-up study on driver and front seat-belt use f Provided that airbag is deactivated for children travelling in a rear-facing restraint g Child restraints are required for children under 150cm, by exception children of height 135-150 cm can be restrained by a seat belt only if they sit in the back Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 253 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth an d Me dic al In du st ry. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Health and Medical Industry of Turkmenistan Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles — Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 543 a (66% M, 34% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 823 (95% CI 765 - 880) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 14.5 a Statistical report of the State Committee on Statistics. Died within 7 days of crash Turkmenistan Population: 5 662 544 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 6 670 Deaths by road user category 0 200 400 600 800 1000 201320122011201020092008 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint b Child restraint required — c Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law No b Law does not specifically refer to child restraint system but to "special seating equipment" for children under 12 years c Special seating equipment for children under 12 years is mentioned only in relation with front seating Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 254 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Council (NRSC), Ministry of Works and Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2014-2022) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 594 962 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 946 096 Heavy trucks — Buses 3 335 Other 645 531 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 3 503 a (78% M, 22% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 12 036 (95% CI 9 454 - 14 618) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 29 a Police Annual Tra c Report. Died within a year of crash Uganda Population: 41 487 964 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 660 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 5% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 17% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 33% Cyclists 6% Pedestrians 40% Source: 2016, Police Annual Tra c Report Source: Police Annual Tra c Reports and Uganda Bureau of Statistics 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 201620152014201320122011201020092008 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol <1% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 49% Drivers d, 1% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers or commission of a tra c oªence c 2016, Police Annual Tra c Report d 2013, Uganda Helmet Vaccine Initiative 2013 Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 255 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency No Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2014 14 433 709 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 9 162 795 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 725 447 Heavy trucks 2 063 276 Buses 324 151 Other 1 158 040 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 4 687 a (76% M, 24% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 6 089 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 13.7 a State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Unlimited time period following crash Ukraine Population: 44 438 624 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 310 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 16% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 18% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 9% Pedestrians 42% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 1% Cyclists 7% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 7% Source: 2016, State Statistics Service of Ukraine Source: State Statistics Service of Ukraine 0 5 10 15 20 25 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.02 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 7% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs/145 cm Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes c Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint d Child restraint required — c Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, State Statistics Service of Ukraine c The legislation refers to the use of "special means" to be used in conjunction with the seat belt to restrain children under 12 years and 145 cm d No specific reference to child restraint but to "special means" for children under 145 cm and 12 years sitting in the front Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 256 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth an d Pr ev en tio n. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Trac Coordination Department, Ministry of Interior Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 3 deaths per 100 000 population (2011-2021) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 3 391 125 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 2 996 338 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 54 581 Heavy trucks 237 427 Buses 102 779 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 725 a (88% M, 12% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 678 (95% CI 1 435 - 1 921) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 18.1 a Ministry of Interior (MOI). Died within 30 days of crash United Arab Emirates Population: 9 269 612 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 40 480 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 30% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 24% Cyclists 2% Pedestrians 24% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 8% Drivers and passengers of buses 6% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 6% Source: 2016, Ministry of Interior Source: Ministry of Interior 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit — b Max rural speed limit — b Max motorway speed limit — b Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.01 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.01 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 2% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs / 145 cm Child restraint required Up to 4 yrs e Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Speed limits are established at subnational level per streets' names c Alcohol consumption legally prohibited d 2016, Ministry of Interior (MOI) e Child restraints are required for children aged 4 years and below Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 257 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by D ep ar tm en t f or Tr an sp or t. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Department for Transport (Great Britain); Transport - Policy, Planning and Partnership Division (Wales); Transport Scotland (Scotland); Department for Infrastructure (Northern Ireland) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 40-60% a SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 38 388 214 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 35 681 940 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 270 216 Heavy trucks 517 144 Buses 167 056 Other 751 858 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 1 804 b (76% M, 24% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 2 019 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 3.1 a Wales 40%; Scotland 40%; NI at least 60% (2004-2008 average to 2020) b Department for Transport, Road accidents and safety statistics (Great Britain), Police Recorded Injury Road Tra c Collision Statistics (Northern Ireland). Defined as died within 30 days of crash. United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Population: 65 788 572 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 42 390 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 33% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 14% Cyclists 6% Pedestrians 24% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 20% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 2% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Source: 2015, Department for Transport, Road accidents and safety statistics (Great Britain), Police Recorded Injury Road Tra c Collision Statistics (Northern Ireland) Source: Department for Transport, Road accidents and safety statistics (Great Britain), Police Recorded Injury Road Tra c Collision Statistics (Northern Ireland) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit ~ 48 km/h Max rural speed limit ~ 96 km/h Max motorway speed limit ~ 112 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl c BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl c Random breath testing carried out Yes d Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 13% (GB), 23% (NI) e National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 95% (England and Scotland), 98% (NI) Front seats f, 90% (England and Scotland), 94% (NI) Rear seats f National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required Up to 12 yrs/135 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 95% (NI) g National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes c In Scotland legal BAC limit is ≤ 0.05g/dl d Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers e 2014, Police Services of Northern Island statistics (NI); Department for Transport Statistical Release 2016 (GB) f 2014, Seatbelt and mobile phone use surveys 2014 (England and Scotland); Survey of Seat Belt Wearing 2014 (NI) g 2014, Northern Ireland Survey of Seat Belt Wearing (figure for all ages and for children seated in the back) Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 258 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H om e A ªa irs . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Council (NRSC), Ministry of Home A®airs Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 2 163 623 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 649 127 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 282 503 Heavy trucks 99 428 Buses 58 247 Other 74 318 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number None Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 3 256 a (79% M, 21% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 16 252 (95% CI 13 130 - 19 374) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 29.2 a Tra c Police. Died within 30 days of crash United Republic of Tanzania Population: 55 572 200 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 900 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 8% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 30% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 23% Cyclists 8% Pedestrians 30% Other <1% Source: 2016, Tra c Police Source: Tra c Police 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit No Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol <1% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers No Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers or commission of a tra c oªence c 2016, Tra c Police Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 259 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by D ep ar tm en t o f H ea lth an d Hu m an S er vic es . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Highway Trac Safety Administration (NHTSA), Department of Transportation Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 1.02 per 100 million miles traveled (VMT) (2018) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads — Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 281 312 446 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 260 619 419 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 8 600 936 Heavy trucks 11 203 184 Buses 888 907 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 35 092 a (71% M, 29% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 39 888 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 12.4 * These data take into consideration subnational laws. A criteria is answered "Yes" if at least 80% of the subnational entities meet the criteria a Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) Annual Report File. Died within 30 days of crash b Over 90% of the states provide a BAC limit equal or under 0.02 g/dl for young-novice drivers c 2015, National Center for Statistics and Analysis. (2016, December). Alcohol-impaired driving: 2015 data (Tra c Safety Facts. DOT HS 812 350). Washington, DC: National Highway Tra c Safety Administration. d About 40 % of the states require helmets for both drivers and passengers on motorcycles e Less than 10% of the states prohibit that children ride as passengers on motorcycles f 2016, Motorcycle helmet use in 2016 – Overall results. (Tra c Safety Facts Research Note. Report No. DOT HS 812 378), National Highway Tra c Safety Administration. g About 40% of the states do not require seat belt for rear seats passengers h 2016, Seat Belt Use. Overall Results (Tra c Safety Facts Research Note. Report No. DOT HS 812 351), National Highway Tra c Safety Administration. United States of America Population: 322 179 616 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 56 180 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 47% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 17% Cyclist 2% Pedestrians 15% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 14% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 2%Drivers and passengersof heavy trucks 2% Source: 2015, Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) Annual Report File Source: 2006-2010 Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) Annual Final File, and 2015 Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) Annual Report File 0 4 8 12 16 20 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS * National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit ~ 32 - 128 km/h Max rural speed limit ~ 40 - 128 km/h Max motorway speed limit ~ 40 - 128 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement — Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00-0.08 g/dl b Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement — % road trac deaths involving alcohol 29% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers No d Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted e Enforcement — Helmet wearing rate 68% Drivers f, 53% Passengers f National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No g Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate 90% Front seats h, 75% Rear seats i National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required — j Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement — % children using child restraints 89% k National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use No l Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes i 2015, Occupant restraint use in 2015: Results from the NOPUS controlled intersection study (Report No. DOT HS 812 330), National Highway Tra c Safety Administration. j Child restraint laws are enacted at subnational level. While all states require the use of child restraints, they provide diªerent age /weight/ height criteria to specify the period for mandatory use of child restraints / booster seats k 2016, the 2015 National Survey of the Use of Booster Seats (NSUBS) (Report No. DOT HS 812 309). Washington, DC: National Highway Tra c Safety Administration. l The majority of states prohibit texting while driving Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 260 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by N at ion al R oa d Sa fe ty U ni t ( UN AS EV ). INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Unit (UNASEV) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 2 342 026 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 008 974 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 252 031 Heavy trucks 71 355 Buses 9 666 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 446 a (75% M, 25% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 460 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 13.4 a National Tra c Information System (SINATRAN). Died within 30 days of crash Uruguay Population: 3 444 006 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 15 230 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 17% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 14% Cyclists 7% Pedestrians 17% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 46% Source: 2016, National Tra c Information System (SINATRAN) Source: National Tra c Information System (SINATRAN) 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 45 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 90 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population 0.00 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited b Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 80% Drivers c, 71% Passengers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 63% Front seats d, 33% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs/150 cm Child restraint required Up to 12 yrs/36 kg/150 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 23% d National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Until footrests can be reached c 2016, National Tra c Information System (SINATRAN) d 2016, Observational behavior study in road safety, Uruguay Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 261 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by R ep ub lic an sp ec ial ize d sc ien tifi c- pr ac tic al m ed ica l c en te r o f t ra um at ol og y a nd or th op ed ics . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency State Service on Trac Safety, Ministry of Internal A®airs of Republic of Uzbekistan Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles — Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry — Formal certification for prehospital providers — National assessment of emergency care systems — DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 2 496 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 617 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 11.5 a State service on Tra c Safety, Ministry of Internal Aªairs of Republic of Uzbekistan. Died within 30 days of crash Uzbekistan Population: 31 446 796 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 220 Deaths by road user category Source: Statistics of State Service on Tra c Safety, Ministry of Internal Aªairs of Republic of Uzbekistan 0 600 1200 1800 2400 3000 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 70 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash — Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 4% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes b Not based on BAC c 2016, Statistics of State Road Safety Service Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 262 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by th e M in ist ry of H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Vanuatu Police Force, Ministry of Internal A®airs Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles — Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 9 b (67% M, 33% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 43 (95% CI 39 - 48) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 15.9 a Data available only for 2014 b Vanuatu Police (manual records). Died at scene of crash Vanuatu Population: 270 402 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 170 a Deaths by road user category Source: 2013, GSRRS3 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law No Max urban speed limit — Max rural speed limit — Max motorway speed limit — Local authorities can modify limits — Enforcement — Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 67% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 90% Drivers e, 90% Passengers e National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 20% Front seats e, 10% Rear seats e National child restraint law No f Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint g Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes c Not based on BAC d 2016, Vanuatu Police, Tra c occurrence book e 2016, Vanuatu Police Force f Legislation allows that infants (defined as children under 3 years) be held by a responsible person as an alternative to using special seats g Infant (defined as children under 3 years) shall be placed in a restraining seat while travelling in the front Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 263 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of M in ist ry of P op ul ar P ow er fo r H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Institute of Land Transport, Ministry of People's Power for Land Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads — Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 7 999 760 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 4 558 246 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 263 506 Heavy trucks 1 818 649 Buses 336 846 Other 22 513 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2013) 7 028 b (83% M, 17% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 10 640 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 33.7 a Data available only for 2013 b 2013 Yearbook Mortality, Ministry of the Popular Power for Health. Died within 30 days of crash Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Population: 31 568 180 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 11 760 a Deaths by road user category Source: 2013 Yearbook Mortality, Ministry of the Popular Power for Health 0 6 12 18 24 30 2013201220112010200920082007200620052004 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law No Max urban speed limit — Max rural speed limit — Max motorway speed limit — Local authorities can modify limits — Enforcement — Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 10 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes d Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required — d Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes c Not based on BAC d The law requires "infants" to use "special seats for that purpose" but does not specify the age for children falling into the "infants" category Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 264 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by th e M in ist ry of Tr an sp or t. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Trac Safety Committee (NTSC) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 5-10% annually (2012- 2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 50 666 855 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 3 033 527 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 47 131 928 Heavy trucks — Buses — Other 501 400 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 8 417 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 24 970 (95% CI 21 576 - 28 363) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 26.4 a Report of Road Safety Performance Review of Viet Nam, The United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia (UNESCAP) and the Pacific and Ministry of Transport of Viet Nam (MOT). Died within 7 days of crash Viet Nam Population: 94 569 072 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 050 Deaths by road user category Source: Report of Road Safety Performance Review of Viet Nam, The United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia (UNESCAP) and the Pacific and Ministry of Transport of Viet Nam (MOT) 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population 0.00 - 0.05 g/dl b BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 - 0.05 g/dl b Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 81% Drivers c, 60% Passengers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Diªerent BAC limits are set depending on the type of vehicle used: for drivers of cars the BAC limit is set at 0.00g/dl while for drivers of motorcycles and mopeds the legal BAC limit is set at 0.05g/dl c 2013, Helmet observation in Ha Noi, BacNinh, Quang Ninh, Da Nang, Vinh Phuc, and Ho Chi Minh city Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 265 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Higher Trac Council Funded in budget Yes Road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 268 365 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 213 375 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 670 Heavy trucks 22 277 Buses 2 225 Other 28 818 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE Emergency care access number Single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 159 a (77% M, 23% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 252 (95% CI 189 - 333) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 5.3 a Police / Tra c Department, Annual Police Report. Died within 30 days of crash West Bank and Gaza Strip Population: 4 790 705 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 230 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 24% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 28% Cyclists 2% Pedestrians 33% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 3% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 3% Other 8% Source: 2016, Police / Tra c Department, Annual Police Report Source: Palestinian Statistics Authority and Police Department 0 2 4 6 8 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS Speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual Drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — Motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — Seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — Child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required Up to 14 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes c Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — Law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No Drug-driving law Yes b Not based on BAC c Law refers to a device of the type validated by the licensing authority to restrain children under 14 years Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 266 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth an d Ch ild Ca re . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Trac Safety Council of Zimbabwe, Ministry of Transport and Infrastructural Development Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for June 2017 1 198 584 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 953 852 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 46 734 Heavy trucks 123 706 Buses 15 007 Other 59 285 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 721 a (56% M, 44% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 5 601 (95% CI 4 602 - 6 599) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 34.7 a Zimbabwe Republic Police. Died within 30 days of crash Zimbabwe Population: 16 150 362 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 940 Trends in reported road tra c deathsDeaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 12% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 14% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 10% Pedestrians 14% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 18% Drivers and passengers of buses 19% Cyclists 12% Source: 2016, Zimbabwe Republic Police Source: Zimbabwe Republic Police 0 5 10 15 20 25 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h b Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b A 120 km/h speed limits applies on roads having a bituminous surface coat of 6 metres or more in width De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 267
SECTION 3 EXPLANATORY NOTES AND STATISTICAL ANNEX EXPLANATORY NOTE 1 METHODOLOGY, DATA COLLECTION, VALIDATION AND ANALYSIS Explanatory Note 1GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 271 Methodology The methodology involved collecting data from a number of different sectors and stakeholders in each country according to the following process. National Data Coordinators (NDCs), who were nominated by their governments, were trained in the project methodology. As representatives of their governments, they were required to identify up to eight other road safety experts within their countries from different sectors (e.g. health, police, transport, nongovernmental organizations and/or academia), to facilitate a consensus meeting with the respondents as well as to support the overall management of data collection process. While each expert responded to the questionnaire based on their expertise, the consensus meeting allowed for discussion of all responses, and the group uUedthiUdiUcuUUiontoaIreeononefinalUetofinforOationthatDeUtrepreUentedtheircountryŨUUituation at the time (up to 2017, using the most recent data available). This was then submitted to the World Health Organization (WHO) (see Figure E1). Figure E1: Methodology Global and regional level coordination National data coordinators Data from publicly accessible databases Legislative data NDC submits legislative document on 7 risk factors Legislative analysis carried out by WHO Headquarters National consensus meeting Global NCAP From the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) Global Health Estimates UN population division World Bank database iRAP One national dataset 1fficialclearance of questionnaire by relevant sector Validation of legislative analysis by NDC Questionnaire data Vehicle standards data Global databases Group of +/-8 respondents from different sectors (e.g. health, police, transport, NGOs or academia) 272 National Data Coordinators were asked to submit laws relating to the key behavioural risk factors1. All legislative documents were analysed by lawyers at WHO headquarters who extracted the relevant information needed to assess legislation against predetermined criteria. The legal analysis was then shared with National Data Coordinators and a validation process was undertaken to resolve any data conflicts through discussion and/or submission of new legal documents. A new addition to this report is the comparison of legislation status between December 2014 and December 2017 which gives an indication of the pace and nature of legislative changes for the behavioural risk factors reviewed. To ensure the accuracy of the comparison made, the situation at December 2014 was re-evaluated against relevant additional information and documents received in the GSRRS4 data collection process using harmonized interpretation methods. Changes in the legal data published in last report are detailed in the revision guide available at http://www. who.int/violence_injury_prevention/road_safety_status/2018/en. The methodology used to collect information on vehicle standards was also consistent with the previous report and based on information from the UN World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations2 and interpreted with technical support from Global New Car Assessment Programme (Global NCAP).3 The report includes data from 175 countries/areas out of a total of 195, covering 7.3 billion people (98.1% oftheworldŨUpopulation .6hiUincludeUhiIhincoOecountrieUOiddleincoOecountrieUandǡlow incoOecountrieU Uee6aDle' .&ataonleIiUlationandpolicieUrepreUentthecountryŨUUituationaUof ǡ&eceODerwhiledataonfatalitieUandvehiclereIiUtrationareforortheOoUtrecentyear for which these data were available. Table E1: Participation in the Global status report on road safety 2018 Region Number of participating countries Number of countries in region % population participating African Region 44 47 93.7 Region of the Americas 30 35 98.2 Eastern Mediterranean Region 19 22 95.5 European Region 51 53 99.9 South-East Asian Region 10 11 98.7 9eUtern2acific4eIion 21 27 99.9 WORLD 175 195 98.1 1 These behavioural risk factors are speed, drink-driving, drug-driving, the use of mobile phones while driving, failure to use motorcycle helmets, seat-belts and child restraints 2 The UN World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations (World Forum the global body responsible for the development of passenger car safety standards), http://www.unece.org/trans/main/wp29/introduction.html 3 Global NCAP is a British organization that conducts testing programmes that will assess the safety of motor vehicles, http://www.globalncap.org/ 273 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Explanatory Note 1 Data collection and validation Questionnaire data The questionnaire used for this report was based on the questionnaire used in the previous report. However, some questions were modified to improve the quality of responses and some were added or deleted. The questionnaire can be downloaded with an accompanying instruction booklet on http://www.who.int/ violence_injury_prevention/road_safety_status/2018/methodology/en/. The questionnaire, protocol and accompanying guidelines and training materials were all available in the six WHO languages (Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish). Where needed, NDCs coordinated the translation of these documents into local languages and then translated back into English for the data entry stage. All data were entered into an on-line database from where data could be extracted for analysis. Data collection began in May 2016 and was completed by December 2017. Data validation involved verifying the data against source documents where available and checking for logical inconsistencies. Discrepancies were referred back to the National Data Coordinators where possible for resolution. Following the validation process, the questionnaire data was submitted by the National Data Coordinator to an online database. Final questionnaires were generated from the online data and were sent to respective governments for review and sign-off. Fatality data Estimates on number of road traffic deaths relied in part on data from questionnaires as well as from other sources (see Explanatory Note 3). However, countries/areas were also asked to provide a breakdown of deaths by road user type. These proportions (where available) are reflected in the country profiles (see Explanatory Note 2) and were derived from: ´ Country reported data in the current questionnaire; ´ If not available from questionnaires, data that countries reported for the previous reports were used. These values were then aggregated into regional and global estimates of deaths by road user type. 274 Legislative data and maps 6hiUreportcollectedinforOationonanuODerofvariaDleUrelatinItoleIiUlationonthefiveMeyDehavioural risk factors (speed, drink-driving, failure to use helmets, seat-belts and child restraints) as well as on two emerging risk factors, drug-driving and the use of mobile phones while driving. Criteria analysed for each risk factor are detailed in Table E2 while the interpretation methods for each risk factoraredetailedin'Zplanatory0oteonthecountryprofileU. The information collected was presented in various ways including: ´ %ountryprofileUrepreUentinIaUuOOaryofinforOationforeachcountry ´ Statistical annex, representing the full data set for each country; ´ Legislative maps, showing an overview of the situation worldwide for each risk factor. In order to code the countries for the legislative maps, three categories were used: ´ Countries4 whose national laws meet all the criteria for best practice: shown in green – criteria considered as representing best practices in light of available evidence5 are highlighted, for each risk factor, in green in Table E2; ´ Countries4 whose national laws are encouraging but where additional efforts are needed for best practice to be met: shown in yellow; ´ Countries4 whose national laws require strong steps to be taken in order to improve their legislation: shown in red. 4 Or, in countries where laws are set at subnational level, where 80% of subnational entities meet selected criteria, except for The Federated States of Micronesia where the threshold was set at 75% as there are 4 subnational entities 2eden/etal.editorU.9orldreportonroadtrafficinjuryprevention.)eneva9orld*ealth1rIani\ation 275 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Explanatory Note 1 Vehicle standard data Data on vehicle standards were collected using information from the UN World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations, the primary global body responsible for the development of passenger car safety. Technical support on analysing and interpreting this data was provided by Global NCAP7. Note that while these data are based on international regulations, in some countries where national regulations are considered to be equivalent to the UN standards (US, Canada, Republic of Korea, China, India, Brazil) these data are used instead. The data collected were based on the following eight variables: ´ Frontal impact: UN regulation 94. Note that US regulation 208 is considered equivalent. ´ Side impact: UN regulation 95. Note that US regulation 214 is considered equivalent. ´ 'lectronic5taDility%ontrol:70reIulation*.0otethat75reIulation(/855iUconUideredeSuivalent. ´ Pedestrian protection: UN Regulation 127 ´ 5eatDeltU:70reIulation.0otethat75reIulation(/855iUconUideredeSuivalent. ´ Seat-belt anchorages: UN regulation 14. Note that US regulation FMVSS 210 is considered equivalent. ´ Child restraints: UN regulations 44 and 129. Note that US regulation FMVSS213 is considered equivalent. ´ Motorcycle anti-lock braking system UN Regulation 78. More information on each of these regulations is included in Section 3. Data on the three variables considered to be particularly important among these seven (frontal impact, electronic stability control and pedestrian protection areincludedinthecountryprofileU.6hereOaininIvariaDleUareUhowninthe6aDle#ofthe statistical annex. *oUtedDythe7nited0ationU'conoOic%oOOiUUionfor'urope 70'%' the709orld(oruOfor*arOoni\ationof8ehicle4eIulationU 9orld(oruOthe global body responsible for the development of passenger car safety standards). http://www.unece.org/trans/main/wp29/introduction.html 7 Global New Car Assessment Programme (Global NCAP) is a British organization that conducts testing programmes that will assess the safety of motor vehicles. http://www.globalncap.org/ 276 Table E2: Legislative criteria assessed relating to seven behavioural risk factors Risk factors Legislative criteria assessed Speed National speed law in place Speed limits on urban roads ≤ 50 km/h Local authorities have the power to modify national speed limits Speed limit on rural roads Speed limits on motorways Drink-driving National drink-driving law in place Drink-driving law is based on BAC or equivalent BrAC BAC limit for general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit for young/ novice drivers ≤ 0.02 g/dl BAC limit for commercial/ professional drivers Motorcycle helmets National motorcycle helmet law in place Law applies to motorcycle drivers and adult passengers Law applies to all road types Law applies to all engine types Law requires helmet to be properly fastened Law refers to and/or specifies a helmet standard Law restricts child passengers on motorcycles Seat-belts National seat-belt law in place Law applies to drivers and front seat passengers Law applies to rear seat passengers Child restraints National child restraint law in place Law requires child restraint use at least until 10 yrs /135cm Law refers to and/or specifies a child restraint standard Law restricts children under a certain age or height from sitting in front seat Drug-driving National Drug-driving law in place Mobile phones National law on mobile phone while driving is in place Law applies to hand-held phones Law applies to hands-free phones Risk factors Criteria representing best practices Additional criteria presented in the country profile and/or the statistical annex
EXPLANATORY NOTE 2 COUNTRY PROFILES Explanatory Note 2GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 279 6hecountryprofileUUhownonpaIeUpreUentaUelectionofcoreinforOationaDoutroadUafety aUreportedDyeachoftheparticipatinIcountrieU/areaU.6hecountryprofileUarepreUentedinalphaDetical order. Additional national data can also be found in the Tables of the Statistical Annexes (Tables A2–A12). Data reported for population were extracted from the United Nations Population Division database8ǡ while IroUUnationalincoOe )0+ percapitafortheyearcaOefroO9orld$anMeUtiOateU9ǡ .9hereno datawereavailaDleforpuDliUheddataforthelateUtyearwereuUed.6he9orld$anM#tlaUOethod was used to categorize GNI into bands thus: ´ .owincoOe 75ǡorleUU ´ /iddleincoOe 75ǡto75ǡ ´ *iIhincoOe 75ǡorOore Flags were obtained from the World Flag Database10. Flags and country names were the latest available atthetiOeoffinali\inIthereport 5epteODer . 6heUectionUDelowreflectthewayinforOationiUUtructuredineachofthe%ountry2rofileU.6heyinclude details on how data on certain variables are presented and should be interpreted. Variables were coded aUūťŬiftheinforOationwaUunavailaDleornonapplicaDleorifreUpondentUhadticMedaū&onŨtMnowŬ response. Dates provided for data sources refer to the year in which these data were published, rather than the year that the data relate to, unless indicated otherwise. Data collected by questionnaire were submitted through a consensus meeting (unless otherwise indicated). 'achcountryprofileindicateUthe/iniUtrythatapprovedthiUSueUtionnairedata unleUUotherwiUeindicated . &ataonleIiUlationwereDaUedon9*1ŨUaUUeUUOentandeZtenUivevalidationofthiUinforOationwith 0ational&ata%oordinatorUalthouIhitwaUnotofficiallyclearedDytheIovernOent/iniUtry. 8 Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat (June 2017). World population Prospects: The 2017 Revision, Highlights. New York: United Nations 9 World Development Indicators database, World Bank, November 2017 http://databank.worldbank.org/data/download/site-content/CLASS.xls 10 http://www.flags.net 280 Institutional framework A lead agency is considered to be the institution (either stand alone, or within a Ministry) that coordinates road safety at a national level. Information on the existence of a national road safety strategy is indicated as “Yes” or “No”. Where countries have multiple national strategies on road safety this is always represented as “Yes”. Where countries indicated they have a fatality reduction target, information on this target is included as well as the relevant time period. Specific fatality targets are indicated either as absolute numbers of deaths, or as a rate per 100 000 population or per vehicle registered, depending on availability. Safer roads and mobility ´ Information on audits or star rating of new road infrastructure projects is reported as “Yes”, “No”, or Partial. ´ Information on inspections/star ratings of existing road infrastructure projects is reported as “Yes” or “No”. Yes responses where those where respondents answered Yes for existence of formal road safety inspections and/or existence of star rating assessments. Those countries for which respondents answered Yes only for existence of maintenance safety inspections are reported as No. ´ Design standards for the safety of pedestrians and cyclists is reported as “Yes”, “No”, or “Partial”. “Yes” responses included the provision of the following: Managing speed to safe system outcomes (e.g. 20 mph or 30 km/h); Safe crossings for pedestrians and cyclists; and Separation of pedestrians and cyclists from vehicular traffic. If 1-2 of the provisions were met, responses are reflected as “Partial”. Safer vehicles Total registered vehicles for 2016: Information about the total number of vehicles in the country includes only registered vehicles, and various categories of such vehicles. This is a cumulative number of vehicles in circulation in 2016 (or the most recent year for which data were available) not the number of vehicles brought into circulation in a particular year. In some cases where new data were not available, the figure from the 2015 Global status report has been used and footnoted to indicate this source. In a few countries the number of vehicles in subcategories did not add up to the total number provided. In some countries, respondents noted that a substantial proportion of the vehicle fleet may not be registered. 281 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Explanatory Note 2 Vehicle standards applied: Information on vehicle standards presented in this report is derived from UNECE11 and comprise the following: ´ Frontal impact standard (UN Regulation 94 or equivalent national standard), an important minimum standard for crashworthiness; ´ Electronic stability control and anti-skid system (Regulation 13H or GTR 8), relevant to crash avoidance; ´ Pedestrian protection (Regulation 127 or GTR 9), important for protection of non-car occupants involved in a crash; and ´ Motorcycle anti-lock braking system (Regulation 78) which help the rider maintain control of the motorcycle vehicle during an emergency braking situation Post-crash care ´ National emergency care access number is reported as “National, single number”, “National multiple number”, and “Partial coverage”. Countries with “National, single number” comprised those that had one single emergency care services access number with total country coverage, and also those having some additional numbers with partial coverage. Countries with “National multiple numbers” comprised those that had multiple emergency care services access numbers that, taken together, provide total country coverage. Countries with “Partial coverage” comprised those that had one or more emergency care services access numbers with partial country coverage overall with areas of the country remaining uncovered. ´ 6rauOareIiUtryvariaDleindicateUwhethertherewaUareIiUtryinplaceandnotwhetheritwaUreIionalǡ/ national or sentinel in nature. ´ (orOalcertificationpathwayforprehoUpitalproviderUreferUtoa)overnOentor)overnOentendorUed pathwayforOedicUtechnicianUnurUeUorotherUtoDeUpecificallycertifiedaUprehoUpitalproviderU. ´ Assessment of emergency care systems conducted at the national level comprised the comprehensive assessment of the prehospital and facility-based emergency care systems. 11 http://www.unece.org/trans/main/wp29/introduction.html 282 Data ´ Reported numbers of road traffic deaths are included in the Country Profiles, with a footnote to indicate the source of data and the definition of a road traffic death that was used. ´ The estimated number of road traffic deaths is included based on the methodology described in Explanatory Note 3. Where this number was based on a negative binomial regression model, a 95% Confidence Interval is also shown. ´ The estimated rate per 100 000 population is based on the estimated number of road traffic deaths referred to above. ´ Data on the breakdown by sex may be from a different source to the official road traffic data and are converted to proportions. The proportion of deaths where the sex was unknown has not been reported in the profiles. As a result, proportions may not add up to 100% due to remaining proportions being due to cases of unknown sex. Proportions may also not add up to 100% due to rounding off or when partial information was available (indicated in a footnote). ´ Reported fatality data from different countries are not necessarily comparable, as different definitions and timeframes have been used (these are noted in the footnotes or in brackets behind the data). However, the WHO estimates (both absolute numbers and rate per 100 000) allow for comparisons between countries. For more information on the fatality data see Explanatory Note 3. ´ The standard colour coding of the pie charts used to represent road user deaths in the categories requested in the questionnaire is shown below. Additional categories are represented by non-standard colours as indicated in the specific Country Profiles. ´ Graphs on reported road traffic fatality trends are shown either as road traffic death rates per 100 000 population (solid line) or as an absolute number of road traffic deaths (dotted line), depending on which data were supplied by the country. While many countries track decades’ worth of trend data, only a 10-year period is depicted here. ´ For countries providing less than 5 years’ road traffic fatality trend data, this information is presented in a tabular format instead of a graph. 283 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Explanatory Note 2 ´ For countries with small populations where the numbers of deaths are under 50, absolute numbers of deaths rather than rates are shown. Note that in cases where data were only available for regions within a country, this information is indicated in a footnote. Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles Occupants 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers Drivers motorized 2- or 3-wheelers Pillion riders Cyclists Pedestrians Drivers/passengers heavy trucks Drivers/passengers buses Other/uspecified Drivers (all vehicles) Passengers (all vehicles) Drivers and passengers (all vehicles) Safer road users Data provided in this section is extracted from the questionnaire and the legislative analysis undertaken by WHO Headquarters in collaboration with NDCs. Enforcement: respondents were asked, as individuals, to rate the effectiveness of enforcement of various elements of national road safety legislation based on their professional opinion or perception. These responses – on a scale of 0 to 10, where 0 is “not effective” and 10 is “highly effective” – are reflected here. A median of these scores is presented. Median enforcement figures are rounded off. It should be noted that these scores are subjective and should be seen only as an indication of how enforcement is perceived in the country. Many respondents expressed difficulty in assessing law enforcement at a national level since it often varies from region to region within a country and the intensity of the enforcement may vary at different times. Some countries did not wish to provide enforcement scores. Speed: Speed limits reported here (and in the statistical tables) are the default speed limits on urban roads, rural roads and motorways for private passenger cars. The speed limits have been, where needed, converted to kilometres per hour. ‘Default speed limit’ was interpreted as the maximum speed limit applying in normal circumstances (regardless of weather, roadworks, special events, etc.) on the road type considered. 284 #UroadclaUUificationUvaryIreatlyfroOcountrytocountry0ational&ata%oordinatorUwereaUMedto confirOorcorrectUpeedliOitUreportedintheleIalanalyUiUforthedifferenttypeUofroadUaccordinItothe definitionUuUedinthecountryconcerned.+ncountrieUwhere0ational&ata%oordinatorUhaveindicated that motorways do not exist in their country, this is noted with a footnote. In some countries, the legislation does not articulate speed limits by road type but only by vehicle type. +ntheUecountrieUtheUpeedliOitprovidedforprivatepaUUenIercarUiUreportedinthecountryprofileand statistical annex for all road types, with a footnote indicating that this is a speed limit set per vehicle type and not based on the road type. The criterion «local authorities able to modify speed limit» is answered Yes if the speed limit can be altered at locallevelinanyway decreaUedand/orincreaUed .6hedefinitionoflocalauthoritieUiUinterpretedDroadly as any entity that is not from the central system of government (i.e. not from a national ministry) having a jurisdiction over a local area whether the local area is a region, a province, a district, a department or a city. This criterion is automatically answered Yes for countries in which laws are set at subnational level if at least 80% of subnational entities of the country have set their own speed laws.12 Drink-driving: Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) limits (or breath alcohol limits converted to BAC limits) refer to the maximum amount of alcohol legally acceptable in the blood of a driver on the road – i.e. theDloodalcohollevelaDovewhichadriverOayDepuniUhedDylaw.6hiUfiIureiUprovidedfortheIeneral population, and for young/novice drivers in grams per decilitre (g/dl). This survey gathered information on drink-driving laws regardless of the legal status of alcohol in the country. Where alcohol consumption was leIallyprohiDitedinacountryaUreportedinthefinalcountrySueUtionnairethiUiUindicatedDyafootnote. BAC limits are reported with a dash (“—”) for countries that have a drink-driving law that is not based on blood (or equivalent breath) alcohol concentration, and with a corresponding footnote. ´ 6heuUeofrandoODreathteUtinIiUindicatedDaUedoncountrieUŨreportUofwhetherornotUuchteUtinI iUcarriedoutinpractice.6hoUecountrieUwhereleIiUlationUpecificallyprohiDitUpriOaryenforceOent of drink-driving laws, and thus random breath testing, are indicated as such in a footnote. ´ Deaths attributable to drink-driving were included only when the estimate was based on a published source. In many cases these are not national estimates (as indicated in the source). These estimates are rounded up. 12 Or in the case of Micronesia (Federated States of), if at least 75% of the subnational entities have enacted speed laws 285 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Explanatory Note 2 Motorcycle helmets: A country is interpreted as having a helmet law covering all riders where the law requires helmet use for both the driver and the (adult) passenger, on all road types and for all types of motorcycles (regardless of engine type). A reference to « riders » in the law is understood to include both drivers and passengers. Countries where helmet laws apply only to certain types of roads, at certain times or in certain areas were interpreted as not providing sufficient coverage to be considered as applying to all drivers and passengers. The criteria «Law refers to and/or specifies a helmet standard» is answered Yes if the law refers to: ´ a specific standard (such as ECE 22 or a national standard), or ´ an authority in charge of setting such a standard, or ´ regulations or rules to specify or develop a standard. Information on the actual adoption of the regulations prescribing a helmet standard was not always available; in case where the NDCs indicated that the standard had not yet been set, a corresponding footnote was included in the country profile. The criteria « children passengers on motorcycles » shows whether a country restricts children as passengers on motorcycles and if yes, for what age group. For information on motorcycle helmet rates (derived from the final country questionnaires), these data were included only when a published source was indicated. The most disaggregated data are presented here, i.e. separate figures are provided for drivers and passengers where this information was provided. Note that the information provided for drivers and passengers does not necessarily represent the same year, nor come from the same source, as indicated in the corresponding footnotes. The data on passenger rates refer to adult passengers unless otherwise indicated. In many cases these are not national estimates (as indicated in the source). Seat-belts: A country is interpreted as having a seat-belt law covering all occupants where the law requires seat-belt use for the driver, front seat passenger and rear seat passengers at all times and on all roads. Countries where seat-belt laws apply only at certain times or on certain roads were interpreted as having a national seat belt law not applying to all occupants. 286 For information on seat-belt wearing rates (derived from the final country questionnaires), these data were included only when a published source was indicated. Where available, information on wearing rates disaggregated by front and rear seat occupants was used. Where respondents provided explanatory information on these data, for example, a source or information on geographical coverage, this information is summarized in the footnotes. Note that the information provided for front seat and rear seat occupants does not necessarily represent the same year, nor come from the same source, as indicated in the corresponding footnotes. Child restraints: A country is interpreted as having a child restraint law where the country requires the mandatory use of child restraint systems for an identified group of children based on either their height and/or their age and/or their weight. Child restraints include rear-facing child restraints, forward facing child restraints as well as booster seats. Regular (adult) seat-belts, on their own, are not counted as appropriate child restraints. Countries whose legislation required that children within a certain age group/height be restrained either by a seat-belt or in a child restraint use were reported as not having a child restraint law for this age group/height. Countries that referred to child restraint use for children seated in the front only (and not in the rear) were reported as not having a child restraint law. Countries that referred to either child restraint use or “other means” were considered as not meeting the criteria “standard”, and this detail was reflected in a footnote in the country profile. The age and/or height reported for the criteria “child restraint required” corresponds to the period for which only child restraint systems are allowed to restrain children (i.e. no other form of restraint is allowed such as seat-belts only, “other means” etc.). The criterion «Law refers to and/or specifies a standard» is answered Yes if the law refers to: ´ a specific standard (such as ECE 44 or ECE 129), or ´ an authority in charge of setting such a standard, or ´ regulations or rules to specify or develop a standard. Information on the actual adoption of the regulations prescribing a standard was not always available; in case where the NDCs indicated that the standard had not yet been set, a corresponding footnote was included in the country profile. 287 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Explanatory Note 2 The criterion « children seated in front » shows whether a country restricts children as passengers in the front seat and if so, what is the restriction set (complete ban, or subject to placing the child in a restraint) and for which age group. Information on rates of child restraint use (derived from the final country questionnaires) are presented when a source was provided for the estimate and are included in the most disaggregated form available. Most countries that provided this data, however, had data on children in restraints that was not broken down by age group. Note that where multiple studies are available this information does not necessarily represent the same year, nor come from the same source, as indicated in the corresponding footnotes. References 1. Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat (June 2017). World population Prospects: The 2017 Revision, Highlights. New York: United Nations. 2. World Development Indicators database, World Bank, November 2017. http://databank.worldbank.org/data/reports.aspx?source=World-Development-Indicators EXPLANATORY NOTE 3 ESTIMATION OF TOTAL ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS Explanatory Note 3GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 289 Background During the process of preparing the fourth Global status report on road safety, WHO generated estimates ofroadtrafficdeathUforforall/eODer5tateU.4oadtrafficdeathUwereeUtiOatedDyDuildinIon the methods used in the third global report by improving and updating the database of vital registration, the data collection instrument (survey) and the database of the covariates for regressions. These estimates were used to generate regional and global estimates, while estimates for individual countries are included in the report only for the 175 countries that participated in the survey. Death registration information is submitted to WHO regularly by Ministries of Health from around the world, andOoUtiUcodeduUinIthe+nternational%laUUificationof&iUeaUeUth or 10th revisions (1, 2, 3). Using this claUUificationalldeathUthatfollowfroOaroadtrafficdeatharecountedaUUuchreIardleUUofthetiOe periodinwhichtheyoccur unliMeOanyofficialroadtrafficUurveillancedataUourceUwhereroadtraffic deathdataareDaUedonadaydefinitionfollowinIaroadtrafficcraUh .9*1applieUcertaincriteriato ascertain the quality of this death registration data and where the death registration data were considered to be of high quality these data were used for this report13. For those countries without such good vital registration data, and for which other sources of information on causes of death were unavailable14, the estimates were based on covariates (some collected in the Uurveyof/eODer5tateUotherUfroOavailaDlepuDliUhedUourceU .6hereIreUUionOodelUwerefittedto datafortheperiodŤatiOeUerieUforeachcovariatewaUuUedforthiUperiodforeach/eODer 5tateU.6heiOprovedreIreUUionOodeleUtiOatedroadtrafficdeathU allaIeUDothUeZeU aUafunctionof a set of covariates that include measures of economic development, road transport factors and legislation, road use and safety governance/enforcement and health system access. Due to the availability of new data, and updated time series for many covariates used in the regression, eUtiOateUforthefulltiOeUerieUhaveDeenreviUed.*encethe9*1eUtiOateUarenotdirectly comparable to previous WHO estimates published in the previous global status reports on road safety (4, 5). 6heeUtiOationrepreUentUtheDeUteUtiOateUof9*1forfatalitieUthatoccurreddurinIand earlier years, based on the evidence available up to September 2018. These estimates are not necessarily theofficialeUtiOateUof/eODer5tateUforthatyearandarenotneceUUarilyendorUedDy/eODer5tateU. However, during the preparation of the report a consultation letter was sent to each Member State that 13 For details on criteria used to assess quality of vital registration data see reference 3 and Explanatory Note in references 4 and 5. 14 However, in some countries other sources of information on deaths were used: where total deaths reported from the national surveillance system were greater than the deaths estimated from the regression or from the death registration data, these were used. 290 participated in this fourth Global status report on road safety explaining the methodology used during this estimation process and the latest data used for this purpose. In order to allow global and regional comparisons to previous years, the global and regional estimates for previous years were recalculated based on the new data and methods used for 2016. Approaches to estimation As in the second and third reports, there are four groups of countries and the estimation methodology for each group is described in detail below. 1. Countries with death registration data This group includes 86 countries with death registration data meeting the following completeness criteria: completeness for the year estimated at 80% or more, or average completeness for the decade including the country-year was 80% or more. Total road traffic deaths were calculated from the death registration data and population data reported to WHO as follows. Injury deaths classified as “undetermined intent” were redistributed pro-rata across all unintentional and intentional injury categories within age-sex groups. These data were then used to compute age-sex-specific death rates for road traffic deaths. Where completeness was assessed at less than 100%, death rates were adjusted for incompleteness by multiplying by (100/ completeness %). These death rates were applied to the UN estimates of population by 5-year age group and sex (World Population Prospects 2016) to estimate total road traffic deaths for each country-year. These countries fall into three categories: ´ Countries with death registration data for year 2016 where the estimated road traffic deaths for 2016 exceeded number reported from the surveillance system. The death-registration based estimate is used. This category contains 9 countries. ´ Countries where the latest death registration data submitted to WHO is earlier than 2015 but not earlier than 2007. Deaths in year 2016 were estimated based on a projection of the most recent death registration data using the trends in reported surveillance data: this category contains 54 countries. ´ Countries where the reported number of road traffic deaths adjusted to unlimited time for 2016 exceeded the estimate based on death registration data. For 23 countries, the reported road traffic deaths were used for year 2016. 291 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Explanatory Note 3 2. Countries with other sources of information on causes of death For India, Thailand and Viet Nam, data on total deaths by cause were available for a single year or very few earlier years. These data sources are documented in Annex B of the Global Burden of Disease: 2004 update report (WHO 2008) and as well as some more recent studies submitted to WHO. For these countries, the regression method described below was used to project forward from the most recent year for which an estimate of total road traffic deaths was available. 3. Countries with populations less than 150 000 For 9 small countries with populations less than 150 000 and which did not have eligible death registration data, regression estimates were not used. The reported deaths were used directly without adjustment. 4. Countries without eligible death registration data For these countries without death registration data at least 80% complete and with populations greater than 150 000, a regression model was used to estimate total road traffic deaths. As for the first report, we used a negative binomial regression model, appropriate for modeling non-negative integer count data (number of road traffic deaths) (Law 2009, Hilbe 2007). A likelihood ratio test was used to assess that the negative binomial model provided a better fit to the data than a Poisson model (where the variance of the data is constrained to equal the mean). (1) lnN = C + β1X1 + β2X2 + ... + βnXn + lnPop + ε where N is the total road traffic deaths (for a country-year), C is a constant term, Xi are a set of explanatory covariates, Pop is the population for the country-year, and ε is the negative binomial error term. Population was used as exposure, making it possible to interpret the coefficients (βi) for the independent variables as effects on rates rather than a count. In a previous study, this type of model was used to represent «accident proneness» (Greenwood and Yule, 1920). Karlaftis and Tarko (1998) have also found a negative binomial regression model to be the appropriate for count data such as road traffic fatalities. The parameters β1, β2, β3 ··· βn (equation 1) were estimated by fitting the negative binomial regression model to estimated total road traffic deaths for all country-years in the range 2000-2016 meeting the completeness criteria. by using the number of road of traffic deaths from countries from group 1 described above. We chose three models (Models A, B and C) that had good in-sample- and out-of-sample fit, and for 292 which all the covariates were statistically significant and overall estimation is the average of the prediction of these three best models. The table below describes the covariates used for our model: Table E3: Covariates used in the model Independent variables Description Source of information Included in models ln (GDP) World Development Indicators 2017) and WHO estimates of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita (international dollars or purchasing power parity dollars, 2011 base) World bank and WHO database Models A, B, C ln (vehicles per capita) Total vehicles per 1000 persons GSRRS surveys and WHO database Models A, B, C Road density Total roads (km) per 1000 hectares International Futures database Models A, B, C National speed limits on rural roads The maximum national speed limits on rural roads (km/h) from WHO questionnaire GSRRS survey Models A, B, C National speed limits on urban roads The maximum national speed limits on urban roads (km/h) from WHO questionnaire GSRRS survey Models A, B, C Health system access Health system access variable (principal component score based on a set of coverage indicators for each country) Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation dataset Models A, B, C Alcohol apparent consumption Liters of alcohol (recorded plus unrecorded) per adult aged 15+ WHO database Models A, B, C Population working Proportion of population aged 15–64 years World Population Prospects 2017 revision Models A, B, C Percentage motorbikes Per cent of total vehicles that are motorbikes GSRRS survey Model B Corruption index Control of corruption index (units range from about -2.5 to +2.5 with higher values corresponding to better control of corruption World Bank (Kaufmann et al 2009), International Futures database Model B National policies for walking /cycling Existence of national policies that encourage walking and / or cycling GSRRS survey Model C Population Total population (used as offset in negative binomial regression World Population Prospects 2016 revision (UNDESA) Models A, B, C 293 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Explanatory Note 3 Table E4: Overview of methods used to obtain comparable country estimates Estimation method Country GROUP 1 Countries/areas with good death registration data Argentina, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China (14, 15), Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechia, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Estonia, Fiji, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Guyana, Hungary, Iceland, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Maldives, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Montenegro, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Oman, Panama, Paraguay, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Republic of Korea, Republic of Moldova, Romania, Russian Federation, Saint Lucia, Serbia, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), West Bank and Gaza Strip GROUP 2 Countries with other sources of cause of death information India (16,17,18), Thailand, Viet Nam GROUP 3 Countries with populations less than 150 000 Antigua and Barbuda, Cook Islands, Dominica, Grenada, Kiribati, Micronesia (Federated States of), San Marino, Seychelles, Tonga GROUP 4 Countries without eligible death registration data Afghanistan, Albania, Angola, Armenia, Bangladesh, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cabo Verde, Cambodia, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Honduras, Indonesia, Iraq, Jordan, Kenya, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Mauritania, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Rwanda, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Sudan, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Syrian Arab Republic, Tajikistan, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, United Republic of Tanzania, Vanuatu, Zimbabwe 294 References 1. World Health Organization. International Classification of Diseases – 9th Revision. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1975. 2. World Health Organization. International Classification of Diseases – 10th Revision. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1990. 3. The global burden of disease: 2004 update. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2008 (http://www. who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/2004_report_update/en/ , accessed 15 September 2015). 4. Global status report on road safety: time for action. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2009. 5. Global status report on road safety 2013 Supporting a Decade of Action. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2013.Global status report on road safety 2015. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2015 6. Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat (June 2013). World population Prospects: The 2012 Revision, Highlights. New York: United Nations. 7. Law TH. The effects of political governance, policy measures and economic growth on the Kuznets relationship in motor vehicle crash deaths. Ph.D thesis, University of London, 2009. 8. Hilbe JM. Negative Binomial Regression. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2007. 9. Greenwood M. Yule GU. An enquiry into the nature of frequency distributions representative of multiple happenings with particular reference to the occurrence of multiple attacks of disease or of repeated accidents. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society (Series A), 1920, 83, 255-279. 10. Karlaftis MG., Tarko AP. Heterogeneity considerations in accident modeling. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 1998, 30:425-433. 295 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Explanatory Note 3 11. The International Futures (IFs) modeling system, version 6.5.4. Frederick S. Pardee Center for International Futures, Josef Korbel School of International Studies, University of Denver, www.ifs.du.edu. 12. Myerson R et al. Safe pregnancy and delivery: a systematic analysis of the trends in the coverage of antenatal and intrapartumcare. Presentation at Global Health Metrics and Evaluation Conference 2011: Controversies, Innovation, Accountability, Seattle, Washington, 14–16 March 2011. 13. Kaufmann D, Kraay A, Mastruzzi M. Governance Matters VIII: Governance Indicators for 1996-2008. World Bank Policy Research. 2009 14. Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 全国疾病监测系统死 因监测数据集 [National Disease Surveillance System monitoring causes of death 2012]. Beijing, Military Medical Science Press, 2013. 15. Vital registration data received from Center for Health Statistics and Information Ministry of Healthy, Beijing, China. 16. Causes of death in India in 2001–2003. New Delhi, Registrar General of India, Government of India, 2009. 17. Aleksandrowicz L, Malhotra V, Dikshit R, Gupta P, Kumar R, Sheth J, Rathi S, Suraweera W, Miasnikof P, Jotkar R, Sinha D, Awasthi S, Bhatia P, Jha P. Performance criteria for verbal autopsy-based systems to estimate national causes of death: development and application to the Indian Million Death Study. BMC Medicine 2014, 12:21 18. Registrar General of India and the Centre for Global Health Research. Causes of Death Statistics for India 2010-2013. A Joint Report of the Registrar General of India and the Centre for Global Health Research. Government of India Ministry of Home Affairs – Sample Registration System, 2015. (http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011- common/Sample_Registration_System.html) STATISTICAL ANNEX 297 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 TABLE A1: NATIONAL DATA COORDINATORS BY COUNTRY / AREA AND WHO REGION Country / Area Region Name of National data coordinator(s) Angola Africa Noélia Loureiro Teixeira Benin Africa Ismaël Mohamed Hoteyi Botswana Africa Amos Kgwefane Motshegwe Burkina Faso Africa Casimir Sanon Burundi Africa Godefroid Kamwenubusa Cabo Verde Africa António Joao Gomes dos Santos Cameroon Africa Christophe Abouna Central African Republic Africa Paul Balekouzou Chad Africa Mahamat Gocke Comoros Africa Nassif Kaissane Congo Africa Yoga Itoua Yoyo Ambianzi Côte d’Ivoire Africa Tidjane Amadou Kamagate Democratic Republic of the Congo Africa Christophe Mwaluka Equatorial Guinea Africa Salvador Emana Edu Eritrea Africa Kahsay Araya Ghebretensae Eswatini Africa Nokuthula Mahlalela Ethiopia Africa Ebriza Mudesir Gabon Africa Vladimir Soami Gambia Africa Essa Drammeh Ghana Africa Gabriel Adu-Sarpong Guinea Africa Luc Kezely Beavogui Guinea-Bissau Africa Cristovao Manjuba Kenya Africa Gladwell Gathecha Lesotho Africa Sejojo Phaaroe Liberia Africa Fulton Shannon II Madagascar Africa Eulalie Razafindranazy Malawi Africa Jones Kaponda Masiye Mali Africa Ousmane Maiga Mauritania Africa Moussa Abdellahi Mauritius Africa Mahmad Saeed Jewon Mozambique Africa Napoleao Salomao Sumbane Namibia Africa Laina Shigwedha Niger Africa Abdou Abdoul-Aziz Nigeria Africa Kayode Olagunju Rwanda Africa Dominique Rurangirwa Sao Tome and Principe Africa Celso Matos Senegal Africa Bineta Sene Seychelles Africa Patrick Andre South Africa Africa Refilwe Mongale South Sudan Africa Komuri Lea Muja Ayub Togo Africa Kossi Dzinyefa Atabuh Uganda Africa Benedict Byamugisha 298 Country / Area Region Name of National data coordinator(s) United Republic of Tanzania Africa Tabitha Makaranga Zimbabwe Africa Lee Nkala Antigua and Barbuda Americas Valarie Williams Argentina Americas Veronica Heler Barbados Americas Denise Carter Taylor Belize Americas Jesse Chun Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Americas Ana María Suxo Brazil Americas Cheila Marina de Lima Canada Americas Paul Boase Chile Americas Carla Medina Aros Colombia Americas Andrea Acero Álvarez Costa Rica Americas Teresa Guzmán Cuba Americas Yania Pla Ramírez Dominica Americas Shalauddin Ahmed Dominican Republic Americas Miguelina Figueroa Ecuador Americas Klever Almerida El Salvador Americas Silvia Argentina Morán de Garcia Grenada Americas Shawn Charles Guatemala Americas Yonni Aguilar Guyana Americas Ramona Doorgen Honduras Americas Dario Roberto Cálix Alvarado Jamaica Americas Andriene Grant Mexico Americas Ricardo Pérez Núñez Panama Americas Rey Fuentes Rodríguez Paraguay Americas Alberto Didier Gonzalez Cabello Peru Americas Joel Gilberto Collazos Carhuay Saint Lucia Americas Phil Leon Suriname Americas Johanna Lakhisaran Trinidad and Tobago Americas Carla Ruiz United States of America Americas Ann Dellinger Uruguay Americas Pablo Posada Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Americas Sarai Patricia Castro Gilly Afghanistan Eastern Mediterranean Adiba Adib Egypt Eastern Mediterranean Ramy Gameel Saied Elnazer Iran (Islamic Republic of) Eastern Mediterranean Mashyaneh Haddadi Iraq Eastern Mediterranean Shakir Kadhim Rubayi Katea Jordan Eastern Mediterranean Mohammad Zaal Mousa Aloudat, Malek Ayed Falah Alhabashneh Kuwait Eastern Mediterranean Jassim Ibrahim Al Kandary Lebanon Eastern Mediterranean Kamel Ibrahim, Ramzi Salamé Libya Eastern Mediterranean Ali Shabban Altounsi Morocco Eastern Mediterranean Ahmad Bardan 299 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Region Name of National data coordinator(s) Oman Eastern Mediterranean Mohamed Said Alyazidi Pakistan Eastern Mediterranean Samra Mazhar Qatar Eastern Mediterranean Thaera Abdulwahid Muslat Saudi Arabia Eastern Mediterranean Faisal Faisal Murdhi Alanazi Somalia Eastern Mediterranean Farhia Qasim Sudan Eastern Mediterranean Fatima Elhassan Eisa Syrian Arab Republic Eastern Mediterranean Taufik Ismail Hasaba Tunisia Eastern Mediterranean Naoufel Somrani, Henda Chebbi United Arab Emirates Eastern Mediterranean Essam M. N. Howayyer West Bank and Gaza Strip Eastern Mediterranean Imad Aldeen Mahmoud Al Masry Albania Europe Gentiana Qirjako Armenia Europe Kristina Gyurjyan Austria Europe Martin Labuda Azerbaijan Europe Rustam Talishinskiy Belarus Europe Aleksandr Beletski Belgium Europe Wouter Van den Berghe Bosnia and Herzegovina Europe Dalibor Pejovic Bulgaria Europe Galia Tsolova Croatia Europe Ivana Brkic Bilos Cyprus Europe Vasos Scoutellas Czechia Europe Alena Švancarová Denmark Europe Lartey G. Lawson Estonia Europe Reigo Ude Finland Europe Riikka Rajamäki France Europe Joel Valmain Georgia Europe Tamar Chachava Germany Europe Horst Schulzes Greece Europe George Yannis Hungary Europe Péter Csizmadia Iceland Europe Gunnar Geir Gunnarsson Ireland Europe John Carroll Israel Europe Kobi Peleg Italy Europe Maria Giuseppina Lecce Kazakhstan Europe Batpenov Nurlan Dzhumagulovich Kyrgyzstan Europe Samatbek Toimatov Latvia Europe Eva Ramuse Lithuania Europe Aida Laukaitienė Luxembourg Europe Scharel Lehners Malta Europe Beatrice Farrugia Montenegro Europe Svetlana Stojanovic Netherlands Europe Peter M. Mak 300 Country / Area Region Name of National data coordinator(s) Norway Europe Guro Ranes Poland Europe Krystian Warda Portugal Europe Miguel Telo de Arriaga Republic of Moldova Europe Tatiana Zatic Petru Romania Europe Bogdan Pop Russian Federation Europe Sergey Alexanrovich Ryzhov San Marino Europe Andrea Gualtieri Serbia Europe Marija Markovic Slovakia Europe Zora Brucháčová Slovenia Europe Andraž Murkovič Spain Europe Martha Molina Olivas Sweden Europe Matts-Åke Belin Switzerland Europe Maja Ouertani Tajikistan Europe Razzakov Abduvali Abdukhamitovich The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Europe Fimka Tozija Turkey Europe Kayhan Keser Turkmenistan Europe Dry Ata Boppyev Ukraine Europe Yuryi Chornyi United Kingdom Europe Mark Bellis Uzbekistan Europe Mirklhakim Azizov Bangladesh South-East Asia Abdul Alim Bhutan South-East Asia Phuntsho Wangdi India South-East Asia Shri K Guite Indonesia South-East Asia Betsy Ernani Maldives South-East Asia Fathimath Shabana Myanmar South-East Asia Aung Thein Htay Nepal South-East Asia Buland Thapa Sri Lanka South-East Asia Premalal Rathnaweera Thailand South-East Asia Nongnuch Thanthithum Timor-Leste South-East Asia Helder Juvinal Neto da Silva Australia Western Pacific Katrina Cristofani Cambodia Western Pacific Hero Kol China Western Pacific Leilei Duan Cook Islands Western Pacific Edwina Tangaroa Fiji Western Pacific Watilala Fonu Japan Western Pacific Mayuyo Mori Kiribati Western Pacific Mweritonga Rubeiariki Lao People’s Democratic Republic Western Pacific Somnuk Mektakul Malaysia Western Pacific Zakira Taib Micronesia (Federated States of) Western Pacific Wincener J. David Mongolia Western Pacific Baatarsuren Purevjav 301 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Region Name of National data coordinator(s) New Zealand Western Pacific Alec Morrison Papua New Guinea Western Pacific Herman Wakia Philippines Western Pacific Agnes Benegas-Segarra Republic of Korea Western Pacific Soyun Park Samoa Western Pacific Rumanusina Maua Singapore Western Pacific Lay Tin Ong Solomon Islands Western Pacific Brian Surimalefo Tonga Western Pacific Kalo Nofoákifolau Vanuatu Western Pacific Jerry Iaruel Viet Nam Western Pacific Do Minh Trung 302 TABLE A2: ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS AND PROPORTION OF ROAD USERS BY COUNTRY / AREA Country / Area General information Road traffic deaths Road traffic deaths Road user death (%) Population numbers for 2016a GNI per capita for 2016 in US dollarsb Income levelc Reported number of road traffic deaths Modelled number of road traffic deathsd Estimated road traffic death rate per 100 000 populationd Drivers/Passengers of 4-wheeled vehicles Drivers / Passengers of 2- or 3- wheelers Cyclists Pedestrians Other or unspecified users Point estimate 95% Confidence Interval Afghanistan ǡǡ Low ǡ ǡ ǡǡ . – – – – – Albania ǡǡ ǡ Middle 399 . 39.4 11.9 7.8 38.7 2.2 Angola ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ . . . 0 Antigua and Barbuda ǡ ǡ High 8 8 – 7.9 . 0 . 0 Argentina ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 14 47.2 22.2 2.4 8.2 20 Armenia ǡǡ ǡ Middle 499 17.1 . . 0.4 34.8 3.7 Australia ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ – . . 19.3 2.2 14 . Austria ǡǡ ǡ High 432 – . 43.8 22 11.1 . . Azerbaijan ǡǡ ǡ Middle – 8.7 . 0.9 0.9 42 4.3 Bangladesh ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡe ǡ ǡǡ . – – – – – Barbados ǡ ǡ High 9 – . 33.3 33.3 0 22.2 11.1 Belarus ǡǡ ǡ Middle 841 – 8.9 . 9.2 41.3 1 Belgium ǡǡ ǡ High e – . . 14.4 11.1 12.2 Belize ǡ ǡ Middle 101 104 – 28.3 18.8 19.8 11.9 24.8 24.8 Benin ǡǡ 820 Low e ǡ ǡǡ . . . 0.8 . 9.1 Bhutan ǡ ǡ Middle 139 17.4 – – – – – Bolivia (Plurinational State of) ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ . . 19.7 . 17.1 Bosnia and Herzegovina ǡǡ ǡ Middle 318 . – – – – – Botswana ǡǡ ǡ Middle 23.8 . 0 2 24.7 10.2 Brazil ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡe ǡ – 19.7 23.2 31.4 3.4 18.1 24 Bulgaria ǡǡ ǡ Middle 708 730 – 10.2 . 7.8 4.9 . . Burkina Faso ǡǡ Low 878 ǡ ǡǡ . – – – – – Burundi ǡǡ 280 Low 112e ǡ ǡǡ 34.7 – – – – – Cabo Verde ǡ ǡ Middle 41 – – – – – Cambodia ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 17.8 . . 2.3 . 8.4 Cameroon ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 30.1 – – – – – Canada ǡǡ ǡ High ǡe ǡ – . . 10.8 . . 7.2 Central African Republic ǡǡ 370 Low 193 ǡ ǡǡ . – – – – – Chad ǡǡ 720 Low ǡf ǡ ǡǡ . – – – – – Chile ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ – . 42 8.7 . 7.7 China ǡǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡe ǡ – 18.2 – – – – – Colombia ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – . 8.4 . . 7.8 303 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area General information Road traffic deaths Road traffic deaths Road user death (%) Population numbers for 2016a GNI per capita for 2016 in US dollarsb Income levelc Reported number of road traffic deaths Modelled number of road traffic deathsd Estimated road traffic death rate per 100 000 populationd Drivers/Passengers of 4-wheeled vehicles Drivers / Passengers of 2- or 3- wheelers Cyclists Pedestrians Other or unspecified users Point estimate 95% Confidence Interval Afghanistan ǡǡ Low ǡ ǡ ǡǡ . – – – – – Albania ǡǡ ǡ Middle 399 . 39.4 11.9 7.8 38.7 2.2 Angola ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ . . . 0 Antigua and Barbuda ǡ ǡ High 8 8 – 7.9 . 0 . 0 Argentina ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 14 47.2 22.2 2.4 8.2 20 Armenia ǡǡ ǡ Middle 499 17.1 . . 0.4 34.8 3.7 Australia ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ – . . 19.3 2.2 14 . Austria ǡǡ ǡ High 432 – . 43.8 22 11.1 . . Azerbaijan ǡǡ ǡ Middle – 8.7 . 0.9 0.9 42 4.3 Bangladesh ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡe ǡ ǡǡ . – – – – – Barbados ǡ ǡ High 9 – . 33.3 33.3 0 22.2 11.1 Belarus ǡǡ ǡ Middle 841 – 8.9 . 9.2 41.3 1 Belgium ǡǡ ǡ High e – . . 14.4 11.1 12.2 Belize ǡ ǡ Middle 101 104 – 28.3 18.8 19.8 11.9 24.8 24.8 Benin ǡǡ 820 Low e ǡ ǡǡ . . . 0.8 . 9.1 Bhutan ǡ ǡ Middle 139 17.4 – – – – – Bolivia (Plurinational State of) ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ . . 19.7 . 17.1 Bosnia and Herzegovina ǡǡ ǡ Middle 318 . – – – – – Botswana ǡǡ ǡ Middle 23.8 . 0 2 24.7 10.2 Brazil ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡe ǡ – 19.7 23.2 31.4 3.4 18.1 24 Bulgaria ǡǡ ǡ Middle 708 730 – 10.2 . 7.8 4.9 . . Burkina Faso ǡǡ Low 878 ǡ ǡǡ . – – – – – Burundi ǡǡ 280 Low 112e ǡ ǡǡ 34.7 – – – – – Cabo Verde ǡ ǡ Middle 41 – – – – – Cambodia ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 17.8 . . 2.3 . 8.4 Cameroon ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 30.1 – – – – – Canada ǡǡ ǡ High ǡe ǡ – . . 10.8 . . 7.2 Central African Republic ǡǡ 370 Low 193 ǡ ǡǡ . – – – – – Chad ǡǡ 720 Low ǡf ǡ ǡǡ . – – – – – Chile ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ – . 42 8.7 . 7.7 China ǡǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡe ǡ – 18.2 – – – – – Colombia ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – . 8.4 . . 7.8 304 Country / Area General information Road traffic deaths Road traffic deaths Road user death (%) Population numbers for 2016a GNI per capita for 2016 in US dollarsb Income levelc Reported number of road traffic deaths Modelled number of road traffic deathsd Estimated road traffic death rate per 100 000 populationd Drivers/Passengers of 4-wheeled vehicles Drivers / Passengers of 2- or 3- wheelers Cyclists Pedestrians Other or unspecified users Point estimate 95% Confidence Interval Comoros ǡ Low 23 211 . . 17.4 0 17.4 0 Congo ǡǡ ǡ Middle 308 ǡ ǡǡ 27.4 – – – – – Cook Islands ǡ – High e 3 – 17.3 20 80 0 0 0 Costa Rica ǡǡ ǡ Middle e 812 – . 24 40 10.4 24.7 0.9 Côte d’Ivoire ǡǡ ǡ Middle 991 ǡ ǡǡ . 11.1 0.3 40.2 13.4 Croatia ǡǡ ǡ Middle 307 340 – 8.1 48.2 8.8 21.8 . Cuba ǡǡ ǡg Middle – . 10.1 . 9.9 33.2 31.2 Cyprus ǡǡ ǡ High – . 34.8 21.7 4.3 30.4 8.7 Czechia ǡǡ ǡ High – . . 10.3 8.7 21.3 . Democratic Republic of the Congo ǡǡ 420 Low ǡ ǡǡ 33.7 . 11.7 0 . 0.3 Denmark ǡǡ ǡ High 211 227 – 4 48.3 . 14.7 17.1 3.8 Dominica ǡ ǡ Middle 10e 8 – 10.9 10 0 10 20 Dominican Republic ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – . 11 1 17 4 Ecuador ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 21.3 . 19.1 1.8 19.8 Egypt ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 9.7 . . 1.2 . 21.2 El Salvador ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 22.2 32.1 14.2 1.4 49 3.3 Equatorial Guinea ǡǡ ǡ Middle 41e 300 221 - 379 . – – – – – Eritrea ǡǡ g Low 130 ǡ ǡǡ . . . 9.2 . 27.7 Estonia ǡǡ ǡ High 71 80 – . . 1.4 7 31 . Eswatini ǡǡ ǡ Middle 203 . .g . 2 43.8 0 Ethiopia ǡǡ Low ǡe ǡ ǡǡ . 0 – – . . Fiji ǡ ǡ Middle – . .h – – . 0 Finland ǡǡ ǡ High – 4.7 . 8.7 . 10.7 . France ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ – . . 21.1 4.7 . 3.8 Gabon ǡǡ ǡ Middle h 23.2 – – – – – Gambia ǡǡ 440 Low 139 29.7 – – – – – Georgia ǡǡ ǡ Middle – . 44.9 . 0.7 . 27.4 Germany ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ – 4.1 47.8 18.8 12.3 . . Ghana ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡe ǡ ǡǡ 24.9 12 17.9 3.3 . 20.7 Greece ǡǡ ǡ High 824 ǡ – 9.2 40.3 32.4 2.2 18.1 7 Grenada ǡ ǡ Middle 10 10 – 9.3 – – – – – Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area General information Road traffic deaths Road traffic deaths Road user death (%) Population numbers for 2016a GNI per capita for 2016 in US dollarsb Income levelc Reported number of road traffic deaths Modelled number of road traffic deathsd Estimated road traffic death rate per 100 000 populationd Drivers/Passengers of 4-wheeled vehicles Drivers / Passengers of 2- or 3- wheelers Cyclists Pedestrians Other or unspecified users Point estimate 95% Confidence Interval Comoros ǡ Low 23 211 . . 17.4 0 17.4 0 Congo ǡǡ ǡ Middle 308 ǡ ǡǡ 27.4 – – – – – Cook Islands ǡ – High e 3 – 17.3 20 80 0 0 0 Costa Rica ǡǡ ǡ Middle e 812 – . 24 40 10.4 24.7 0.9 Côte d’Ivoire ǡǡ ǡ Middle 991 ǡ ǡǡ . 11.1 0.3 40.2 13.4 Croatia ǡǡ ǡ Middle 307 340 – 8.1 48.2 8.8 21.8 . Cuba ǡǡ ǡg Middle – . 10.1 . 9.9 33.2 31.2 Cyprus ǡǡ ǡ High – . 34.8 21.7 4.3 30.4 8.7 Czechia ǡǡ ǡ High – . . 10.3 8.7 21.3 . Democratic Republic of the Congo ǡǡ 420 Low ǡ ǡǡ 33.7 . 11.7 0 . 0.3 Denmark ǡǡ ǡ High 211 227 – 4 48.3 . 14.7 17.1 3.8 Dominica ǡ ǡ Middle 10e 8 – 10.9 10 0 10 20 Dominican Republic ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – . 11 1 17 4 Ecuador ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 21.3 . 19.1 1.8 19.8 Egypt ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 9.7 . . 1.2 . 21.2 El Salvador ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 22.2 32.1 14.2 1.4 49 3.3 Equatorial Guinea ǡǡ ǡ Middle 41e 300 221 - 379 . – – – – – Eritrea ǡǡ g Low 130 ǡ ǡǡ . . . 9.2 . 27.7 Estonia ǡǡ ǡ High 71 80 – . . 1.4 7 31 . Eswatini ǡǡ ǡ Middle 203 . .g . 2 43.8 0 Ethiopia ǡǡ Low ǡe ǡ ǡǡ . 0 – – . . Fiji ǡ ǡ Middle – . .h – – . 0 Finland ǡǡ ǡ High – 4.7 . 8.7 . 10.7 . France ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ – . . 21.1 4.7 . 3.8 Gabon ǡǡ ǡ Middle h 23.2 – – – – – Gambia ǡǡ 440 Low 139 29.7 – – – – – Georgia ǡǡ ǡ Middle – . 44.9 . 0.7 . 27.4 Germany ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ – 4.1 47.8 18.8 12.3 . . Ghana ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡe ǡ ǡǡ 24.9 12 17.9 3.3 . 20.7 Greece ǡǡ ǡ High 824 ǡ – 9.2 40.3 32.4 2.2 18.1 7 Grenada ǡ ǡ Middle 10 10 – 9.3 – – – – – Country / Area General information Road traffic deaths Road traffic deaths Road user death (%) Population numbers for 2016a GNI per capita for 2016 in US dollarsb Income levelc Reported number of road traffic deaths Modelled number of road traffic deathsd Estimated road traffic death rate per 100 000 populationd Drivers/Passengers of 4-wheeled vehicles Drivers / Passengers of 2- or 3- wheelers Cyclists Pedestrians Other or unspecified users Point estimate 95% Confidence Interval Guatemala ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – . 19.4 32.7 0.4 39.2 8.3 Guinea ǡǡ 490 Low ǡ ǡǡ 28.2 – – – – – Guinea-Bissau ǡǡ Low 122 31.1 – – – – – Guyana ǡ ǡ Middle 128 190 – . 24.2 21.9 . 29.7 11.7 Honduras ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ . . 24.3 4.1 27.9 . Hungary ǡǡ ǡ High – 7.8 44.3 . 12 8.1 Iceland ǡ ǡ High 18 22 – . 72.2 11.1 0 11.1 . India ǡǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – . 17.9 . 1.7 10.4 30.4 Indonesia ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 12.2 4.9 . 3.2 . 2.7 Iran (Islamic Republic of) ǡǡ ǡg Middle ǡ ǡ – . 48.7 24.1 . . Iraq ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 20.7 – – – – – Ireland ǡǡ ǡ High 188 194 – 4.1 . 11.7 . . 2.1 Israel ǡǡ ǡ High – 4.2 . 12.2 2.7 28.7 10.1 Italy ǡǡ ǡ High ǡe ǡ – . 42.8 . 7.3 . . Jamaica ǡǡ ǡ Middle 379 391 – . 33 28.8 8.4 22.2 7.7 Japan ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ – 4.1 32.4 17.2 . 1 Jordan ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡǡ 24.4 71.3h 0 0 28.7 0 Kazakhstan ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – . . 4.3 1.7 30.9 3.3 Kenya ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 27.8 .h 24.2 2.4 37 0 Kiribati ǡ ǡ Middle 4.4 40 20 0 40 0 Kuwait ǡǡ ǡg High 424 – . – – – – – Kyrgyzstan ǡǡ ǡ Middle 812 – . . 2.1 0.2 40 30 Lao People’s Democratic Republic ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡ . – – – – – Latvia ǡǡ ǡ High 184 – 9.3 44.9 12 4.4 34.8 3.8 Lebanon ǡǡ ǡ Middle e ǡ ǡ 18.1 42.4h 20.7 37 0 Lesotho ǡǡ ǡ Middle 318 28.9 – – – – – Liberia ǡǡ 370 Low ǡ ǡǡ . – – – – – Libya ǡǡ ǡg Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ . 1.9 2.3 20.8 0 Lithuania ǡǡ ǡ High 192 234 – 8 .h . 8.9 38 1 Luxembourg ǡ ǡ High 32 – . . 9.4 3.1 0 Madagascar ǡǡ 400 Low 340 ǡ ǡǡ . .h – – 47.1 0 307 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area General information Road traffic deaths Road traffic deaths Road user death (%) Population numbers for 2016a GNI per capita for 2016 in US dollarsb Income levelc Reported number of road traffic deaths Modelled number of road traffic deathsd Estimated road traffic death rate per 100 000 populationd Drivers/Passengers of 4-wheeled vehicles Drivers / Passengers of 2- or 3- wheelers Cyclists Pedestrians Other or unspecified users Point estimate 95% Confidence Interval Guatemala ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – . 19.4 32.7 0.4 39.2 8.3 Guinea ǡǡ 490 Low ǡ ǡǡ 28.2 – – – – – Guinea-Bissau ǡǡ Low 122 31.1 – – – – – Guyana ǡ ǡ Middle 128 190 – . 24.2 21.9 . 29.7 11.7 Honduras ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ . . 24.3 4.1 27.9 . Hungary ǡǡ ǡ High – 7.8 44.3 . 12 8.1 Iceland ǡ ǡ High 18 22 – . 72.2 11.1 0 11.1 . India ǡǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – . 17.9 . 1.7 10.4 30.4 Indonesia ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 12.2 4.9 . 3.2 . 2.7 Iran (Islamic Republic of) ǡǡ ǡg Middle ǡ ǡ – . 48.7 24.1 . . Iraq ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 20.7 – – – – – Ireland ǡǡ ǡ High 188 194 – 4.1 . 11.7 . . 2.1 Israel ǡǡ ǡ High – 4.2 . 12.2 2.7 28.7 10.1 Italy ǡǡ ǡ High ǡe ǡ – . 42.8 . 7.3 . . Jamaica ǡǡ ǡ Middle 379 391 – . 33 28.8 8.4 22.2 7.7 Japan ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ – 4.1 32.4 17.2 . 1 Jordan ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡǡ 24.4 71.3h 0 0 28.7 0 Kazakhstan ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – . . 4.3 1.7 30.9 3.3 Kenya ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 27.8 .h 24.2 2.4 37 0 Kiribati ǡ ǡ Middle 4.4 40 20 0 40 0 Kuwait ǡǡ ǡg High 424 – . – – – – – Kyrgyzstan ǡǡ ǡ Middle 812 – . . 2.1 0.2 40 30 Lao People’s Democratic Republic ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡ . – – – – – Latvia ǡǡ ǡ High 184 – 9.3 44.9 12 4.4 34.8 3.8 Lebanon ǡǡ ǡ Middle e ǡ ǡ 18.1 42.4h 20.7 37 0 Lesotho ǡǡ ǡ Middle 318 28.9 – – – – – Liberia ǡǡ 370 Low ǡ ǡǡ . – – – – – Libya ǡǡ ǡg Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ . 1.9 2.3 20.8 0 Lithuania ǡǡ ǡ High 192 234 – 8 .h . 8.9 38 1 Luxembourg ǡ ǡ High 32 – . . 9.4 3.1 0 Madagascar ǡǡ 400 Low 340 ǡ ǡǡ . .h – – 47.1 0 308 Country / Area General information Road traffic deaths Road traffic deaths Road user death (%) Population numbers for 2016a GNI per capita for 2016 in US dollarsb Income levelc Reported number of road traffic deaths Modelled number of road traffic deathsd Estimated road traffic death rate per 100 000 populationd Drivers/Passengers of 4-wheeled vehicles Drivers / Passengers of 2- or 3- wheelers Cyclists Pedestrians Other or unspecified users Point estimate 95% Confidence Interval Malawi ǡǡ 320 Low ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 31 31.1 3.2 . 0.1 Malaysia ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ . – – – – – Maldives ǡ ǡ Middle 4 4 – 0.9 0 0 0 Mali ǡǡ Low ǡ ǡǡ 23.1 27.9 42.3 2.4 . . Malta ǡ ǡ High 22 – . 18.2 40.9 . 27.3 9.1 Mauritania ǡǡ ǡ Middle 184 ǡ ǡ 24.7 – – – – – Mauritius ǡǡ ǡ Middle 144 173 – 13.7 . . . . 0 Mexico ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡe ǡ – 13.1 18.4h . 1.1 . 42.4 Micronesia (Federated States of) ǡ ǡ Middle 2 2 – 1.9 0 0 0 Mongolia ǡǡ ǡ Middle 484 499 . 39.3 . 1.2 28.7 12.2 Montenegro ǡ ǡ Middle – 10.7 . . . 13.8 . Morocco ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ . 31.2 28.7 . . 7.9 Mozambique ǡǡ 480 Low ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 30.1 – – – – – Myanmar ǡǡ ǡg Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 19.9 10.8 . 3.1 14.2 7.1 Namibia ǡǡ ǡ Middle 731 30.4 – – – – – Nepal ǡǡ 730 Low ǡe ǡ ǡǡ . – – – – – Netherlands ǡǡ ǡ High e – 3.8 38 21.4 29.8 9.2 . New Zealand ǡǡ ǡ High 327 – 7.8 . . . . . Niger ǡǡ 370 Low 978 ǡ ǡǡ . – – – – – Nigeria ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 21.4 – – – – – Norway ǡǡ ǡ High 143 – 2.7 . 17 8.9 11.9 . Oman ǡǡ ǡg High 713 – . . 3.9 0.7 . 8.1 Pakistan ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡe ǡ ǡǡ 14.3 – – – – – Panama ǡǡ ǡ Middle 440 – 14.3 32.3 4.4 . 40 . Papua New Guinea ǡǡ ǡg Middle ǡ ǡ 14.2 . – – . 0 Paraguay ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 22.7 . . 0.2 . 8.7 Peru ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ . . . 0.2 8.1 . Philippines ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡe ǡ – 12.3 0.3 4.7 0.1 1 93.9 Poland ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ – 9.7 . 11.2 9 28.7 4.3 Portugal ǡǡ ǡ High – 7.4 . 18.3 . 21.8 . Qatar ǡǡ ǡg High 178 239 – 9.3 48.3 2.2 2.8 32 . 309 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area General information Road traffic deaths Road traffic deaths Road user death (%) Population numbers for 2016a GNI per capita for 2016 in US dollarsb Income levelc Reported number of road traffic deaths Modelled number of road traffic deathsd Estimated road traffic death rate per 100 000 populationd Drivers/Passengers of 4-wheeled vehicles Drivers / Passengers of 2- or 3- wheelers Cyclists Pedestrians Other or unspecified users Point estimate 95% Confidence Interval Malawi ǡǡ 320 Low ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 31 31.1 3.2 . 0.1 Malaysia ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ . – – – – – Maldives ǡ ǡ Middle 4 4 – 0.9 0 0 0 Mali ǡǡ Low ǡ ǡǡ 23.1 27.9 42.3 2.4 . . Malta ǡ ǡ High 22 – . 18.2 40.9 . 27.3 9.1 Mauritania ǡǡ ǡ Middle 184 ǡ ǡ 24.7 – – – – – Mauritius ǡǡ ǡ Middle 144 173 – 13.7 . . . . 0 Mexico ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡe ǡ – 13.1 18.4h . 1.1 . 42.4 Micronesia (Federated States of) ǡ ǡ Middle 2 2 – 1.9 0 0 0 Mongolia ǡǡ ǡ Middle 484 499 . 39.3 . 1.2 28.7 12.2 Montenegro ǡ ǡ Middle – 10.7 . . . 13.8 . Morocco ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ . 31.2 28.7 . . 7.9 Mozambique ǡǡ 480 Low ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 30.1 – – – – – Myanmar ǡǡ ǡg Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 19.9 10.8 . 3.1 14.2 7.1 Namibia ǡǡ ǡ Middle 731 30.4 – – – – – Nepal ǡǡ 730 Low ǡe ǡ ǡǡ . – – – – – Netherlands ǡǡ ǡ High e – 3.8 38 21.4 29.8 9.2 . New Zealand ǡǡ ǡ High 327 – 7.8 . . . . . Niger ǡǡ 370 Low 978 ǡ ǡǡ . – – – – – Nigeria ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 21.4 – – – – – Norway ǡǡ ǡ High 143 – 2.7 . 17 8.9 11.9 . Oman ǡǡ ǡg High 713 – . . 3.9 0.7 . 8.1 Pakistan ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡe ǡ ǡǡ 14.3 – – – – – Panama ǡǡ ǡ Middle 440 – 14.3 32.3 4.4 . 40 . Papua New Guinea ǡǡ ǡg Middle ǡ ǡ 14.2 . – – . 0 Paraguay ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 22.7 . . 0.2 . 8.7 Peru ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ . . . 0.2 8.1 . Philippines ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡe ǡ – 12.3 0.3 4.7 0.1 1 93.9 Poland ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ – 9.7 . 11.2 9 28.7 4.3 Portugal ǡǡ ǡ High – 7.4 . 18.3 . 21.8 . Qatar ǡǡ ǡg High 178 239 – 9.3 48.3 2.2 2.8 32 . 310 Country / Area General information Road traffic deaths Road traffic deaths Road user death (%) Population numbers for 2016a GNI per capita for 2016 in US dollarsb Income levelc Reported number of road traffic deaths Modelled number of road traffic deathsd Estimated road traffic death rate per 100 000 populationd Drivers/Passengers of 4-wheeled vehicles Drivers / Passengers of 2- or 3- wheelers Cyclists Pedestrians Other or unspecified users Point estimate 95% Confidence Interval Republic of Korea ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ – 9.8 – . . 39.9 33.7 Republic of Moldova ǡǡ ǡ Middle 394 – 9.7 . 4.3 1.4 . . Romania ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 10.3 . 4.4 9 37.2 3.3 Russian Federation ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 18 . . 2 29.2 . Rwanda ǡǡ 700 Low ǡ ǡǡ 29.7 – – – – – Saint Lucia ǡ ǡ Middle – . . 20 13.3 13.3 . Samoa ǡ ǡ Middle 17e 22 11.3 41.2 0 . 47.1 . San Marino ǡ ǡg High 0 0 – 0 – – – – – Sao Tome and Principe ǡ ǡ Middle 23 . – – – – – Saudi Arabia ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 28.8 – – – – – Senegal ǡǡ Low ǡ ǡǡ 23.4 – – – – – Serbia ǡǡ ǡ Middle – 7.4 . 8.7 9.4 23.1 . Seychelles ǡ ǡ High – . . 20 . 20 . Singapore ǡǡ ǡ High 141 – 2.8 7.8 44 14.2 33.3 0.7 Slovakia ǡǡ ǡ High 330 – . . 8.7 . 29.1 4.4 Slovenia ǡǡ ǡ High 130 134 – . . 19.2 10 . . Solomon Islands ǡ ǡ Middle 11 104 17.4 – – – – – Somalia ǡǡ – Low ǡ ǡǡ 27.1 – – – – – South Africa ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – . 44.9 0.3 3.2 38.4 13.1 South Sudan ǡǡ 820g Low 130 ǡ ǡǡ 29.9 – – – – – Spain ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ – 4.1 . 21.9 3.7 . . Sri Lanka ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 14.9 . . 8.1 29.2 . Sudan ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ . . 71.4 Suriname ǡ ǡ Middle 74 81 – . 33.8 . 4.1 14.9 1.4 Sweden ǡǡ ǡ High 270 278 – 2.8 . . 8.1 . . Switzerland ǡǡ ǡ High 223 – 2.7 34.7 22.7 . 23.1 4.2 Syrian Arab Republic ǡǡ ǡg Middle 714 ǡ ǡǡ . 18.8 . . . 4.2 Tajikistan ǡǡ ǡ Middle 427 ǡ ǡǡ 18.1 .h – 2.3 40.3 0 Thailand ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 32.7 12.3 74.4 . . 2.3 The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia ǡǡ ǡ Middle 148 e 134 – . . . . 33.1 4.7 Timor-Leste ǡǡ ǡg Middle 71 138 - 184 12.7 – – – – – 311 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area General information Road traffic deaths Road traffic deaths Road user death (%) Population numbers for 2016a GNI per capita for 2016 in US dollarsb Income levelc Reported number of road traffic deaths Modelled number of road traffic deathsd Estimated road traffic death rate per 100 000 populationd Drivers/Passengers of 4-wheeled vehicles Drivers / Passengers of 2- or 3- wheelers Cyclists Pedestrians Other or unspecified users Point estimate 95% Confidence Interval Republic of Korea ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ – 9.8 – . . 39.9 33.7 Republic of Moldova ǡǡ ǡ Middle 394 – 9.7 . 4.3 1.4 . . Romania ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 10.3 . 4.4 9 37.2 3.3 Russian Federation ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 18 . . 2 29.2 . Rwanda ǡǡ 700 Low ǡ ǡǡ 29.7 – – – – – Saint Lucia ǡ ǡ Middle – . . 20 13.3 13.3 . Samoa ǡ ǡ Middle 17e 22 11.3 41.2 0 . 47.1 . San Marino ǡ ǡg High 0 0 – 0 – – – – – Sao Tome and Principe ǡ ǡ Middle 23 . – – – – – Saudi Arabia ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 28.8 – – – – – Senegal ǡǡ Low ǡ ǡǡ 23.4 – – – – – Serbia ǡǡ ǡ Middle – 7.4 . 8.7 9.4 23.1 . Seychelles ǡ ǡ High – . . 20 . 20 . Singapore ǡǡ ǡ High 141 – 2.8 7.8 44 14.2 33.3 0.7 Slovakia ǡǡ ǡ High 330 – . . 8.7 . 29.1 4.4 Slovenia ǡǡ ǡ High 130 134 – . . 19.2 10 . . Solomon Islands ǡ ǡ Middle 11 104 17.4 – – – – – Somalia ǡǡ – Low ǡ ǡǡ 27.1 – – – – – South Africa ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – . 44.9 0.3 3.2 38.4 13.1 South Sudan ǡǡ 820g Low 130 ǡ ǡǡ 29.9 – – – – – Spain ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ – 4.1 . 21.9 3.7 . . Sri Lanka ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 14.9 . . 8.1 29.2 . Sudan ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ . . 71.4 Suriname ǡ ǡ Middle 74 81 – . 33.8 . 4.1 14.9 1.4 Sweden ǡǡ ǡ High 270 278 – 2.8 . . 8.1 . . Switzerland ǡǡ ǡ High 223 – 2.7 34.7 22.7 . 23.1 4.2 Syrian Arab Republic ǡǡ ǡg Middle 714 ǡ ǡǡ . 18.8 . . . 4.2 Tajikistan ǡǡ ǡ Middle 427 ǡ ǡǡ 18.1 .h – 2.3 40.3 0 Thailand ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 32.7 12.3 74.4 . . 2.3 The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia ǡǡ ǡ Middle 148 e 134 – . . . . 33.1 4.7 Timor-Leste ǡǡ ǡg Middle 71 138 - 184 12.7 – – – – – 312 Country / Area General information Road traffic deaths Road traffic deaths Road user death (%) Population numbers for 2016a GNI per capita for 2016 in US dollarsb Income levelc Reported number of road traffic deaths Modelled number of road traffic deathsd Estimated road traffic death rate per 100 000 populationd Drivers/Passengers of 4-wheeled vehicles Drivers / Passengers of 2- or 3- wheelers Cyclists Pedestrians Other or unspecified users Point estimate 95% Confidence Interval Togo ǡǡ Low ǡ ǡǡ 29.2 17.3 . – – 11.1 Tonga ǡ ǡ Middle 18 18 – . . 0 0 27.8 . Trinidad and Tobago ǡǡ ǡ High – 12.1 . 2.2 0.7 31.1 8.1 Tunisia ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 22.8 49.3h 22.9 . . 0.7 Turkey ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 12.3 21.7 14.9 1.9 23.4 38 Turkmenistan ǡǡ ǡ Middle 823 . Uganda ǡǡ Low ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 29 21.3 33.4 . . 0 Ukraine ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 13.7 34 8.7 7.1 41.9 8.4 United Arab Emirates ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡǡ 18.1 . . . 24.3 14.2 United Kingdom ǡǡ ǡ High ǡe ǡ – 3.1 . . . 23.7 4.1 United Republic of Tanzania ǡǡ 900 Low ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 29.2 . 22.7 8 29.9 0.8 United States of America ǡǡ ǡ High ǡe ǡ – 12.4 . 14.2 2.3 . 4.2 Uruguay ǡǡ ǡ High – 13.4 30.7 . 7 . 0 Uzbekistan ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – . – – – – – Vanuatu ǡ ǡg Middle 9 43 39 - 48 . – – – – – Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) ǡǡ ǡ g Middle ǡe ǡ – 33.7 – – – – – Viet Nam ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ . – – – – – West Bank and Gaza Strip ǡǡ ǡ Middle 189 - 333 . . . 1.9 32.7 10.7 Zimbabwe ǡǡ 940 Low ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 34.7 . 10.2 12.2 13.7 37.2 313 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area General information Road traffic deaths Road traffic deaths Road user death (%) Population numbers for 2016a GNI per capita for 2016 in US dollarsb Income levelc Reported number of road traffic deaths Modelled number of road traffic deathsd Estimated road traffic death rate per 100 000 populationd Drivers/Passengers of 4-wheeled vehicles Drivers / Passengers of 2- or 3- wheelers Cyclists Pedestrians Other or unspecified users Point estimate 95% Confidence Interval Togo ǡǡ Low ǡ ǡǡ 29.2 17.3 . – – 11.1 Tonga ǡ ǡ Middle 18 18 – . . 0 0 27.8 . Trinidad and Tobago ǡǡ ǡ High – 12.1 . 2.2 0.7 31.1 8.1 Tunisia ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 22.8 49.3h 22.9 . . 0.7 Turkey ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 12.3 21.7 14.9 1.9 23.4 38 Turkmenistan ǡǡ ǡ Middle 823 . Uganda ǡǡ Low ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 29 21.3 33.4 . . 0 Ukraine ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 13.7 34 8.7 7.1 41.9 8.4 United Arab Emirates ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡǡ 18.1 . . . 24.3 14.2 United Kingdom ǡǡ ǡ High ǡe ǡ – 3.1 . . . 23.7 4.1 United Republic of Tanzania ǡǡ 900 Low ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 29.2 . 22.7 8 29.9 0.8 United States of America ǡǡ ǡ High ǡe ǡ – 12.4 . 14.2 2.3 . 4.2 Uruguay ǡǡ ǡ High – 13.4 30.7 . 7 . 0 Uzbekistan ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – . – – – – – Vanuatu ǡ ǡg Middle 9 43 39 - 48 . – – – – – Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) ǡǡ ǡ g Middle ǡe ǡ – 33.7 – – – – – Viet Nam ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ . – – – – – West Bank and Gaza Strip ǡǡ ǡ Middle 189 - 333 . . . 1.9 32.7 10.7 Zimbabwe ǡǡ 940 Low ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 34.7 . 10.2 12.2 13.7 37.2 a Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat (June 2017). World population Prospects: The 2017 Revision, Highlights. New York: United Nations. b )roUU0ational+ncoOe )0+ percapitaiUthedollarvalueofacountryŨUfinalincoOeinayeardividedDyitUpopulationuUinI#tlaUOethodoloIy.&atafroO World Development Indicators database, World Bank, November 2017. http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD/countries. c 9orld&evelopOent+ndicatorUdataDaUe:.owincoOeiUorleUUOiddleincoOeiUtohiIhincoOeiUorOore. d Modelled using negative binomial regression (see preamble on page 289). Data from countries with good vital registration and countries with a population of leUUthanwerenotincludedintheOodel. e datanotavailaDle. f (roO,an1ct g Drivers and passengers (all vehicles) h Data for Libreville 314 TABLE A3: POST-CRASH RESPONSE BY COUNTRY / AREA Country / Area Universal access telephone number Trauma registry National assessment of emergency care system Provider training and certification Estimated % road traffic crash victims with permanent disability Prehospital providers Nurses Specialist doctors Formal certification pathway Post graduate courses in emergency and trauma care Emergency medicine Trauma surgery Afghanistan National, single number None No No No Yes Yes Albania National, single number Subnational No Yes Yes Yes No Angola National, multiple numbers National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Antigua and Barbuda National, single number – No No No No No Argentina Partial coverage Some facilities No – – – – Armenia National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Australia National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes No Austria National, single number National No Yes No Yes Yes Azerbaijan National, single number National No No No Yes Yes 3 Bangladesh Partial coverage None No No No Yes Yes 2.4 Barbados National, multiple numbers National No Yes No Yes Yes Belarus National, single number None No No No Yes Yes Belgium National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes a Belize National, single number None No No No No No Benin National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Bhutan National, single number None No Yes No Yes Yes Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Partial coverage Subnational No No Yes Yes No Bosnia and Herzegovina National, single number None Yes Yes No Yes Yes Botswana National, multiple numbers None No – Yes Yes No Brazil National, single number None No No Yes Yes Yes . Bulgaria National, single number None No Yes Yes Yes Yes Burkina Faso National, single number Some facilities Yes No – – No Burundi None National No No No No Yes Cabo Verde National, multiple numbers Some facilities No No No – – Cambodia National, multiple numbers National No No Yes Yes Yes Cameroon National, single number Some facilities Yes No No No No Canada Partial coverage Subnational No – Yes Yes Yes Central African Republic – Some facilities No – Yes – – Chad – Some facilities No Yes No No Yes Chile National, single number National No No Yes Yes Yes China National, single number National Yes Yes No No No Colombia Partial coverage National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Comoros None None No No No No No Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Universal access telephone number Trauma registry National assessment of emergency care system Provider training and certification Estimated % road traffic crash victims with permanent disability Prehospital providers Nurses Specialist doctors Formal certification pathway Post graduate courses in emergency and trauma care Emergency medicine Trauma surgery Afghanistan National, single number None No No No Yes Yes Albania National, single number Subnational No Yes Yes Yes No Angola National, multiple numbers National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Antigua and Barbuda National, single number – No No No No No Argentina Partial coverage Some facilities No – – – – Armenia National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Australia National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes No Austria National, single number National No Yes No Yes Yes Azerbaijan National, single number National No No No Yes Yes 3 Bangladesh Partial coverage None No No No Yes Yes 2.4 Barbados National, multiple numbers National No Yes No Yes Yes Belarus National, single number None No No No Yes Yes Belgium National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes a Belize National, single number None No No No No No Benin National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Bhutan National, single number None No Yes No Yes Yes Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Partial coverage Subnational No No Yes Yes No Bosnia and Herzegovina National, single number None Yes Yes No Yes Yes Botswana National, multiple numbers None No – Yes Yes No Brazil National, single number None No No Yes Yes Yes . Bulgaria National, single number None No Yes Yes Yes Yes Burkina Faso National, single number Some facilities Yes No – – No Burundi None National No No No No Yes Cabo Verde National, multiple numbers Some facilities No No No – – Cambodia National, multiple numbers National No No Yes Yes Yes Cameroon National, single number Some facilities Yes No No No No Canada Partial coverage Subnational No – Yes Yes Yes Central African Republic – Some facilities No – Yes – – Chad – Some facilities No Yes No No Yes Chile National, single number National No No Yes Yes Yes China National, single number National Yes Yes No No No Colombia Partial coverage National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Comoros None None No No No No No Country / Area Universal access telephone number Trauma registry National assessment of emergency care system Provider training and certification Estimated % road traffic crash victims with permanent disability Prehospital providers Nurses Specialist doctors Formal certification pathway Post graduate courses in emergency and trauma care Emergency medicine Trauma surgery Congo Partial coverage None No No No No No Cook Islands National, single number National No No No No No Costa Rica National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Côte d’Ivoire Partial coverage Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Croatia National, single number None No Yes No Yes Yes Cuba National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Cyprus National, multiple numbers Subnational Yes Yes Yes No No Czechia National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Democratic Republic of the Congo Partial coverage Some facilities Yes No No No Yes 40 Denmark National, single number National Yes – Yes No No Dominica National, single number None No No No No No Dominican Republic Partial coverage National Yes Yes No Yes No Ecuador National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Egypt National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes No El Salvador National, multiple numbers National Yes No No No No Equatorial Guinea National, multiple numbers National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Eritrea Partial coverage Some facilities No No No No No Estonia National, single number None No No Yes Yes Yes Eswatini National, multiple numbers None No Yes No No No Ethiopia National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Fiji National, multiple numbers None No No No Yes No Finland National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 France National, single number Subnational No – – – – 0.8 Gabon Partial coverage Some facilities No Yes No Yes No Gambia None Subnational No No No No No Georgia National, single number None No Yes No Yes Yes Germany National, single number Some facilities Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Ghana National, single number Some facilities Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Greece National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes No No Grenada National, single number None No No No No No Guatemala National, multiple numbers Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Guinea None Subnational No No No No No 317 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Universal access telephone number Trauma registry National assessment of emergency care system Provider training and certification Estimated % road traffic crash victims with permanent disability Prehospital providers Nurses Specialist doctors Formal certification pathway Post graduate courses in emergency and trauma care Emergency medicine Trauma surgery Congo Partial coverage None No No No No No Cook Islands National, single number National No No No No No Costa Rica National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Côte d’Ivoire Partial coverage Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Croatia National, single number None No Yes No Yes Yes Cuba National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Cyprus National, multiple numbers Subnational Yes Yes Yes No No Czechia National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Democratic Republic of the Congo Partial coverage Some facilities Yes No No No Yes 40 Denmark National, single number National Yes – Yes No No Dominica National, single number None No No No No No Dominican Republic Partial coverage National Yes Yes No Yes No Ecuador National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Egypt National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes No El Salvador National, multiple numbers National Yes No No No No Equatorial Guinea National, multiple numbers National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Eritrea Partial coverage Some facilities No No No No No Estonia National, single number None No No Yes Yes Yes Eswatini National, multiple numbers None No Yes No No No Ethiopia National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Fiji National, multiple numbers None No No No Yes No Finland National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 France National, single number Subnational No – – – – 0.8 Gabon Partial coverage Some facilities No Yes No Yes No Gambia None Subnational No No No No No Georgia National, single number None No Yes No Yes Yes Germany National, single number Some facilities Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Ghana National, single number Some facilities Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Greece National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes No No Grenada National, single number None No No No No No Guatemala National, multiple numbers Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Guinea None Subnational No No No No No 318 Country / Area Universal access telephone number Trauma registry National assessment of emergency care system Provider training and certification Estimated % road traffic crash victims with permanent disability Prehospital providers Nurses Specialist doctors Formal certification pathway Post graduate courses in emergency and trauma care Emergency medicine Trauma surgery Guinea-Bissau National, single number Some facilities No No No No No Guyana Partial coverage None No Yes Yes Yes No Honduras National, single number Some facilities No Yes – – – Hungary National, single number None No Yes Yes Yes Yes Iceland National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes No India Partial coverage Some facilities No Yes No Yes Yes Indonesia Partial coverage None No Yes Yes Yes Yes Iran (Islamic Republic of) National, single number Subnational Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes . Iraq National, single number Some facilities Yes Yes No Yes Yes Ireland National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes No Israel National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Italy National, single number Subnational No Yes No Yes Yes . Jamaica National, single number Some facilities No No Yes Yes No 1.7 Japan National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Jordan National, single number None No Yes Yes Yes Yes Kazakhstan National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Kenya National, single number Some facilities No No Yes No No Kiribati National, multiple numbers National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Kuwait National, single number None No Yes Yes Yes No Kyrgyzstan National, single number None Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Lao People’s Democratic Republic Partial coverage None No Yes Yes Yes Yes Latvia National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Lebanon National, multiple numbers None No No Yes Yes Yes Lesotho None None No Yes No No No Liberia National, single number None No – No No No Libya National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Lithuania National, single number National No No Yes Yes Yes Luxembourg National, single number Some facilities No No Yes No No Madagascar None None No No Yes Yes Yes Malawi Partial coverage Some facilities No No No No No Malaysia National, single number None No Yes Yes Yes Yes Maldives Partial coverage None No No No No No 319 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Universal access telephone number Trauma registry National assessment of emergency care system Provider training and certification Estimated % road traffic crash victims with permanent disability Prehospital providers Nurses Specialist doctors Formal certification pathway Post graduate courses in emergency and trauma care Emergency medicine Trauma surgery Guinea-Bissau National, single number Some facilities No No No No No Guyana Partial coverage None No Yes Yes Yes No Honduras National, single number Some facilities No Yes – – – Hungary National, single number None No Yes Yes Yes Yes Iceland National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes No India Partial coverage Some facilities No Yes No Yes Yes Indonesia Partial coverage None No Yes Yes Yes Yes Iran (Islamic Republic of) National, single number Subnational Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes . Iraq National, single number Some facilities Yes Yes No Yes Yes Ireland National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes No Israel National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Italy National, single number Subnational No Yes No Yes Yes . Jamaica National, single number Some facilities No No Yes Yes No 1.7 Japan National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Jordan National, single number None No Yes Yes Yes Yes Kazakhstan National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Kenya National, single number Some facilities No No Yes No No Kiribati National, multiple numbers National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Kuwait National, single number None No Yes Yes Yes No Kyrgyzstan National, single number None Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Lao People’s Democratic Republic Partial coverage None No Yes Yes Yes Yes Latvia National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Lebanon National, multiple numbers None No No Yes Yes Yes Lesotho None None No Yes No No No Liberia National, single number None No – No No No Libya National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Lithuania National, single number National No No Yes Yes Yes Luxembourg National, single number Some facilities No No Yes No No Madagascar None None No No Yes Yes Yes Malawi Partial coverage Some facilities No No No No No Malaysia National, single number None No Yes Yes Yes Yes Maldives Partial coverage None No No No No No 320 Country / Area Universal access telephone number Trauma registry National assessment of emergency care system Provider training and certification Estimated % road traffic crash victims with permanent disability Prehospital providers Nurses Specialist doctors Formal certification pathway Post graduate courses in emergency and trauma care Emergency medicine Trauma surgery Mali Partial coverage Some facilities No No No No No Malta National, single number National Yes Yes No Yes Yes Mauritania – None No No No No No Mauritius National, single number Subnational Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Mexico National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes . Micronesia (Federated States of) National, multiple numbers None No No No – – Mongolia National, single number National No No Yes Yes Yes Montenegro National, single number National Yes Yes No Yes Yes Morocco National, single number None No No No Yes Yes Mozambique National, multiple numbers Some facilities No No No Yes No Myanmar National, multiple numbers National No No Yes Yes Yes Namibia National, multiple numbers National Yes Yes – No No 18 Nepal Partial coverage Some facilities No No No No No Netherlands National, single number National No No Yes Yes Yes 4 - 7 New Zealand National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes No Niger National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes No No Nigeria National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Norway National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Oman National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Pakistan National, multiple numbers Subnational No No No No No Panama National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes No Papua New Guinea Partial coverage Some facilities No Yes No Yes Yes Paraguay National, single number National No No No Yes Yes Peru Partial coverage National No No Yes Yes Yes 3.1 Philippines National, single number National No No Yes Yes Yes Poland National, single number None No No Yes Yes Yes Portugal National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes No Qatar National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 1 Republic of Korea National, single number Subnational Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Republic of Moldova National, multiple numbers Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Romania National, single number None Yes Yes Yes Yes No 21 Russian Federation National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes 321 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Universal access telephone number Trauma registry National assessment of emergency care system Provider training and certification Estimated % road traffic crash victims with permanent disability Prehospital providers Nurses Specialist doctors Formal certification pathway Post graduate courses in emergency and trauma care Emergency medicine Trauma surgery Mali Partial coverage Some facilities No No No No No Malta National, single number National Yes Yes No Yes Yes Mauritania – None No No No No No Mauritius National, single number Subnational Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Mexico National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes . Micronesia (Federated States of) National, multiple numbers None No No No – – Mongolia National, single number National No No Yes Yes Yes Montenegro National, single number National Yes Yes No Yes Yes Morocco National, single number None No No No Yes Yes Mozambique National, multiple numbers Some facilities No No No Yes No Myanmar National, multiple numbers National No No Yes Yes Yes Namibia National, multiple numbers National Yes Yes – No No 18 Nepal Partial coverage Some facilities No No No No No Netherlands National, single number National No No Yes Yes Yes 4 - 7 New Zealand National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes No Niger National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes No No Nigeria National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Norway National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Oman National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Pakistan National, multiple numbers Subnational No No No No No Panama National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes No Papua New Guinea Partial coverage Some facilities No Yes No Yes Yes Paraguay National, single number National No No No Yes Yes Peru Partial coverage National No No Yes Yes Yes 3.1 Philippines National, single number National No No Yes Yes Yes Poland National, single number None No No Yes Yes Yes Portugal National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes No Qatar National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 1 Republic of Korea National, single number Subnational Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Republic of Moldova National, multiple numbers Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Romania National, single number None Yes Yes Yes Yes No 21 Russian Federation National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes 322 Country / Area Universal access telephone number Trauma registry National assessment of emergency care system Provider training and certification Estimated % road traffic crash victims with permanent disability Prehospital providers Nurses Specialist doctors Formal certification pathway Post graduate courses in emergency and trauma care Emergency medicine Trauma surgery Rwanda National, single number None No – – – – Saint Lucia National, single number – No Yes No No No Samoa National, multiple numbers None No No No No No San Marino National, multiple numbers None Yes Yes Yes No No Sao Tome and Principe National, single number National No No No No No Saudi Arabia National, single number Subnational No Yes Yes Yes Yes Senegal Partial coverage Some facilities No No No Yes Yes Serbia National, multiple numbers Some facilities Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Seychelles National, single number None No Yes No No No Singapore National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Slovakia National, single number None No Yes Yes Yes Yes Slovenia National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Solomon Islands National, single number Some facilities No No No Yes No Somalia None None No No No No No South Africa National, multiple numbers National No Yes Yes Yes Yes South Sudan National, single number Some facilities No No No No No Spain National, single number Some facilities No Yes No No Yes ./ǡinhaDitantU Sri Lanka Partial coverage Some facilities No No No Yes Yes Sudan National, multiple numbers Subnational No No No Yes No 19 Suriname Partial coverage Some facilities No No No Yes No Sweden National, single number National No No Yes Yes No 17 Switzerland National, single number National No No Yes Yes Yes Syrian Arab Republic Partial coverage Subnational No Yes Yes Yes Yes Tajikistan National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Thailand National, single number Some facilities Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes .b The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes . Timor-Leste National, single number National No Yes Yes No Yes Togo National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes 47 Tonga National, multiple numbers None No No No No No Trinidad and Tobago National, multiple numbers Some facilities No No Yes Yes No Tunisia National, multiple numbers None Yes No Yes Yes Yes Turkey National, single number Some facilities Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 323 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Universal access telephone number Trauma registry National assessment of emergency care system Provider training and certification Estimated % road traffic crash victims with permanent disability Prehospital providers Nurses Specialist doctors Formal certification pathway Post graduate courses in emergency and trauma care Emergency medicine Trauma surgery Rwanda National, single number None No – – – – Saint Lucia National, single number – No Yes No No No Samoa National, multiple numbers None No No No No No San Marino National, multiple numbers None Yes Yes Yes No No Sao Tome and Principe National, single number National No No No No No Saudi Arabia National, single number Subnational No Yes Yes Yes Yes Senegal Partial coverage Some facilities No No No Yes Yes Serbia National, multiple numbers Some facilities Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Seychelles National, single number None No Yes No No No Singapore National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Slovakia National, single number None No Yes Yes Yes Yes Slovenia National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Solomon Islands National, single number Some facilities No No No Yes No Somalia None None No No No No No South Africa National, multiple numbers National No Yes Yes Yes Yes South Sudan National, single number Some facilities No No No No No Spain National, single number Some facilities No Yes No No Yes ./ǡinhaDitantU Sri Lanka Partial coverage Some facilities No No No Yes Yes Sudan National, multiple numbers Subnational No No No Yes No 19 Suriname Partial coverage Some facilities No No No Yes No Sweden National, single number National No No Yes Yes No 17 Switzerland National, single number National No No Yes Yes Yes Syrian Arab Republic Partial coverage Subnational No Yes Yes Yes Yes Tajikistan National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Thailand National, single number Some facilities Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes .b The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes . Timor-Leste National, single number National No Yes Yes No Yes Togo National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes 47 Tonga National, multiple numbers None No No No No No Trinidad and Tobago National, multiple numbers Some facilities No No Yes Yes No Tunisia National, multiple numbers None Yes No Yes Yes Yes Turkey National, single number Some facilities Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 324 Country / Area Universal access telephone number Trauma registry National assessment of emergency care system Provider training and certification Estimated % road traffic crash victims with permanent disability Prehospital providers Nurses Specialist doctors Formal certification pathway Post graduate courses in emergency and trauma care Emergency medicine Trauma surgery Turkmenistan National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Uganda National, multiple numbers Some facilities Yes No No Yes No 2.8 Ukraine National, single number None No Yes Yes Yes No United Arab Emirates National, single number Subnational No Yes No Yes No United Kingdom National, single number Subnational No Yes Yes Yes Yes United Republic of Tanzania None Subnational No No Yes Yes Yes United States of America National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Uruguay National, single number National No No No Yes Yes Uzbekistan National, single number – Vanuatu National, single number National No No Yes No No Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Viet Nam Partial coverage National No No Yes Yes Yes West Bank and Gaza Strip National, single number None No No Yes Yes Yes 1 Zimbabwe National, multiple numbers None No Yes No No No 7.1 a ofallhoUpitali\ed/#+5 victiOUincuralonIterOdiUaDilityaUareUultofthecraUh b .ofadOittedpatientUeUtiOated Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Universal access telephone number Trauma registry National assessment of emergency care system Provider training and certification Estimated % road traffic crash victims with permanent disability Prehospital providers Nurses Specialist doctors Formal certification pathway Post graduate courses in emergency and trauma care Emergency medicine Trauma surgery Turkmenistan National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Uganda National, multiple numbers Some facilities Yes No No Yes No 2.8 Ukraine National, single number None No Yes Yes Yes No United Arab Emirates National, single number Subnational No Yes No Yes No United Kingdom National, single number Subnational No Yes Yes Yes Yes United Republic of Tanzania None Subnational No No Yes Yes Yes United States of America National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Uruguay National, single number National No No No Yes Yes Uzbekistan National, single number – Vanuatu National, single number National No No Yes No No Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Viet Nam Partial coverage National No No Yes Yes Yes West Bank and Gaza Strip National, single number None No No Yes Yes Yes 1 Zimbabwe National, multiple numbers None No Yes No No No 7.1 326 TABLE A4: SPEED LAWS AND ENFORCEMENT BY COUNTRY / AREA Country / Area National speed limit law Types of modifications allowed Maximum default speed limits (km/h) Enforcement Predominant type of enforcementUrban Rural Motorways Afghanistan Yes No 90 km/ha 90 km/ha 90 km/ha 4 — Albania Yes Yes 40 km/h 80 km/h 110 km/h 4 Manual and automated Angola Yes No 60 km/h 90 km/h 120 km/h 5 Manual Antigua and Barbuda Yes No 32 km/hb 64 km/h No 5 Manual Argentina Yes Yes 60 km/h 110 km/h 130 km/h 5 Manual and automated Armenia Yes No 90 km/hc 90 km/h 110 km/h 8 Automated Australia Yes Yes 50 km/h 100 - 130 km/h 100 - 130 km/h 8 Manual and automated Austria Yes Yes 50 km/h 100 km/h 130 km/h Automated Azerbaijan Yes No 60 km/h 90 km/h 110 km/h 8 Automated Bangladesh Yes No 112 km/hd 112 km/hd 112 km/hd 5 Manual Barbados Yes No 80 km/he 80 km/he 80 km/he 4 Manual Belarus Yes No 60 km/h 90 km/h 110 km/h 7 Manual and automated Belgium Yes Yes 50 km/h 90 km/hf 120 km/h 7 Manual and automated Belize Yes No ~ 40 km/h ~ 88 km/h ~ 88 km/h 4 Manual Benin No No — — — — — Bhutan Yes No 30 km/h 50 km/h 50 km/h 6 Manual Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Yes Yes 40 km/h g 80 km/hg 80 km/h 3 Manual Bosnia and Herzegovina Yes No 50 km/hh 80 km/h 130 km/h 6 Manual and automated Botswana Yes Yes 60 km/h 80 km/h 120 km/h 8 Manual Brazil Yes Yes 80 km/hh 60 km/hi 110 km/h 6 Automated Bulgaria Yes No 50 km/h 90 km/h 140 km/h 6 Automated Burkina Faso Yes Yes 50 km/h 90 km/h No 7 Manual Burundi Yes Yes 50 km/h 100 km/h 100 km/h 0 Manual Cabo Verde Yes Yes 50 km/h 90 km/h 120 km/h 5 Manual Cambodia Yes No 40 km/h 90 km/h 100 km/h 5 Manual Cameroon Yes Yes 60 km/h 110 km/h No 5 Manual Canada Yes Yes 50 km/h 50 - 100 km/h 80 - 100 km/h 4 Manual Central African Republic Yes Yes 60 km/h 110 km/h No — — 327 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area National speed limit law Types of modifications allowed Maximum default speed limits (km/h) Enforcement Predominant type of enforcementUrban Rural Motorways Chad Yes Yes 60 km/h 110 km/h No 3 — Chile Yes Yes 60 km/hj 100 km/h 120 km/h 5 Manual China Yes Yes 50 km/h 70 km/h 120 km/h 8 Automated Colombia Yes Yes 80 km/h 120 km/h 120 km/h 5 Manual and automated Comoros Yesk — — — — 3 Manual Congo Yes Yes 60 km/h 110 km/h No 4 — Cook Islands Yes No 50 km/hl 50 km/hl 50 km/hl 6 Manual Costa Rica Yes No 50 km/h 60 km/h No 4 Manual Côte d’Ivoire Yes No 60 km/h 110 km/h 120 km/h 5 Manual Croatia Yes Yes 50 km/hm 90 km/h 130 km/h 7 Manual and automated Cuba Yes No 50 km/h 90 km/h 100 km/h 7 Manual Cyprus Yes Yes 65 km/h No 100 km/h 6 Manual Czechia Yes Yes 50 km/hm 90 km/h 130 km/h 5 Manual Democratic Republic of the Congo Yes No 60 km/h n 90 km/h 120 km/h 3 — Denmark Yes Yeso 50 km/h 80 km/h 130 km/h — Automated Dominica No No — — — — — Dominican Republic Yes No 60 km/h 60 km/h 120 km/h 6 Manual Ecuador Yes Yes 60 km/h 120 km/h 135 km/h 7 Manual and automated Egypt Yes Yes 60 km/h 90 km/h 100 km/h 8 Manual and automated El Salvador Yes No 50 km/h 90 km/h No 6 Manual Equatorial Guinea Yes Yes 60 km/h 110 km/h No 0 — Eritrea Yes No 60 km/h 100 km/h No 6 Manual Estonia Yes Yes 50 km/hp 90 km/h Noq 7 Automated Eswatini Yes Yes 100 km/hr 100 km/hr 100 km/hr 6 Manual Ethiopia Yes Yes 60 km/h 70 km/h 100 km/h 2 Manual Fiji Yes No 50 km/h 80 km/h —q 7 Manual and automated Finland Yes Yes 50 km/h 80 km/h 120 km/h 8 Manual and automated France Yes Yes 50 km/h 90 km/h 130 km/h 8 Automated Gabon Yes Yes 60 km/h 110 km/h No 1 — 328 Country / Area National speed limit law Types of modifications allowed Maximum default speed limits (km/h) Enforcement Predominant type of enforcementUrban Rural Motorways Gambia Yes Yes No No No 3 Manual Georgia Yes No 60 km/h 90 km/h 110 km/h 6 Automated Germany Yes Yes 50 km/h 100 km/h Nos — — Ghana Yes No 50 km/h 90 km/h 100 km/h 4 Manual Greece Yes Yes 50 km/h 90 km/h 130 km/h 3 Manual Grenada Yes No ~ 32 km/h ~ 64 km/h No 6 Manual Guatemala Yes Yes 60 km/h 80 km/h 100 km/h 4 Manual Guinea No — — — — — Manual Guinea-Bissau Yes No 50 km/h 80 km/h 100 km/h 1 Manual Guyana Yest No 64 km/h 64 km/h No 7 Manual Honduras Yesu No — — — 6 Manual Hungary Yes Yes 50 km/h 90 km/h 130 km/h 6 Manual and automated Iceland Yes No 50 km/h 90 km/h 100 km/h 7 Automated India Yes Yes 100 km/hv 100 km/hv 100 km/hv 3 Manual Indonesia Yes Yes 50 km/h 80 km/h 100 km/h 8 Manual Iran (Islamic Republic of) Yes No 60 km/h 95 km/h 120 km/h 7 Manual and automated Iraq Yes No 60 km/h 100 km/h 120 km/h 2 Manual Ireland Yes Yes 50 km/h 100 km/h 120 km/h 10 Automated Israel Yes No 50 km/h 80 km/h 110 km/h 5 Automated Italy Yes Yes 50 km/h 110 km/hw 150 km/h 8 Automated Jamaica Yes No ~ 48 km/h ~ 80 km/h No 4 Manual Japan Yes Yes 60 km/h 60 km/h 100 km/h 7 Manual Jordan Yes Yes 90 km/h 120 km/h 120 km/h 7 Manual and automated Kazakhstan Yes No 60 km/hx 110 km/h 140 km/h 7 Automated Kenya Yes No 50 km/h 100 km/h 110 km/h 4 Manual Kiribati Yes No 40 km/h 60 km/h 60 km/h 5 Manual Kuwait Yes No 45 km/h 80 km/h 80 km/h 3 Automated Kyrgyzstan Yes No 60 km/h 90 km/h 110 km/h 5 Manual and automated Lao People’s Democratic Republic Yes No 40 km/h 90 km/h — q 5 Manual Latvia Yes No 50 km/h 90 km/h No 7 Manual and automated 329 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area National speed limit law Types of modifications allowed Maximum default speed limits (km/h) Enforcement Predominant type of enforcementUrban Rural Motorways Lebanon Yes Yes 50 km/h 70 km/h 100 km/h 5 Manual Lesotho Yes No 50 km/h 80 km/h No 2 Manual Liberia Yes No ~ 40 km/h ~ 56 km/h ~ 72 km/h 0 Manual Libya Yes No 50 km/h 85 km/h 100 km/h 2 Manual and automated Lithuania Yes No 50 km/hy 90 km/h 130 km/h 7 Automated Luxembourg Yes Yes 50 km/h 90 km/h 130 km/h 7 Automated Madagascar Yes Yes 50 km/hz No No 4 — Malawi Yes No 50 km/h 80 km/h 100 km/h 4 Manual Malaysia Yes Yes 90 km/haa 90 km/haa 110 km/haa 6 Manual Maldives Yes No 30 km/hab 30 km/hab No 3 Manual Mali Yes Yes 50 km/h 90 km/h 110 km/h 4 Manual Malta Yes No 50 km/h 80 km/h No 4 Automated Mauritania Yes Yes 80 km/h 100 km/h 100 km/h 4 Manual Mauritius Yes No 90 km/h 90 km/h 110 km/h 6 Manual and automated Mexico Yes Yes 20 - 70 km/h 20 - 90 km/h 45 - 110 km/h 4 Manual and automated Micronesia (Federated States of) Yes Yes ac ~ 40 km/h ~ 40 km/h ~ 40 km/h 3 Manual Mongolia Yes No 60 km/h 80 km/h 100 km/h 5 Manual and automated Montenegro Yes No 50 km/h 80 km/h 130 km/h 7 Manual Morocco Yes Yes 60 km/h 100 km/h 120 km/h 7 Manual and automated Mozambique Yes No 60 km/h 120 km/h No 5 Manual Myanmar Yes No 48 km/h 80 km/h No 6 Automated Namibia Yes No 60 km/h 120 km/h 120 km/h 4 Manual Nepal Yes No 40 km/had 80 km/had 80 km/had 2 Manual Netherlands Yes Yes 50 km/h 80 km/h 130 km/h 6 Manual and automated New Zealand Yes Yes 50 km/h 100 km/h 100 km/h 7 Manual and automated Niger Yes No 50 km/h No No 3 Manual Nigeria Yes Yes 50 km/h 80 km/h 100 km/h 6 Manual Norway Yes Yes 50 km/h 80 km/h 100 km/h 10 Manual and automated 330 Country / Area National speed limit law Types of modifications allowed Maximum default speed limits (km/h) Enforcement Predominant type of enforcementUrban Rural Motorways Oman Yes No — — — 10 Manual and automated Pakistan Yes Yes 90 km/h 110 km/h 130 km/h 4 Manual Panama Yes No 80 km/h 100 km/h 120 km/h 4 Manual Papua New Guinea Yes No 60 km/h 75 km/h — — — Paraguay Yes Yes 50 km/h 110 km/h 110 km/h 4 Manual Peru Yes Yes 60 km/h 60 km/h 100 km/h 1 Manual Philippines Yes Yes 40 km/h 80 km/h No 5 Manual Poland Yes Yes 50 km/hae 90 km/h 140 km/h 8 Manual Portugal Yes No 50 km/h 90 km/h 120 km/h 7 Manual Qatar Yes No 100 km/h 120 km/h 120 km/h 7 Automated Republic of Korea Yes Yes 80 km/h 80 km/h 120 km/h 8 Automated Republic of Moldova Yes No 50 km/h 110 km/h 110 km/h 8 Manual and automated Romania Yes Yes 50 km/h 90 km/h 130 km/h 7 Manual Russian Federation Yes Yesaf 60 km/h 90 km/h 110 km/h 8 Automated Rwanda Yes Yes 80 km/hag 80 km/hag 80 km/hag 8 Automated Saint Lucia Yes No ~ 24 km/h ~ 24 km/h ~ 56 km/h 0 — Samoa Yes No ~ 56 km/h ~ 56 km/h —q 9 Manual San Marino Yes No 70 km/h 70 km/h No 6 Manual and automated Sao Tome and Principe Yes No 50 km/h 90 km/h 120 km/h 2 — Saudi Arabia Yes No 80 km/h 120 km/h No 7 Automated Senegal Yes Yes No 90 km/h 110 km/h 5 Manual Serbia Yes Yes 50 km/hah 100 km/h 120 km/h 6 Manual Seychelles Yes No 25 - 80 km/hai 80 km/h ai 80 km/hai 6 Manual Singapore Yes No 70 km/haj —ak 90 km/h 8 Manual and automated Slovakia Yes No 50 km/h 90 km/h 130 km/h 7 Manual Slovenia Yes No 50 km/hal 90 km/h 130 km/h 7 Manual Solomon Islands Yesam Yes — — — 5 Manual Somalia Yes Yes 40 km/h No No 1 — South Africa Yes Yes 60 km/h 100 km/h 120 km/h 6 Manual and automated South Sudan Yes No 50 km/h No No 3 Manual 331 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area National speed limit law Types of modifications allowed Maximum default speed limits (km/h) Enforcement Predominant type of enforcementUrban Rural Motorways Spain Yes Yesan 50 km/h 90 km/h 120 km/h 8 Manual and automated Sri Lanka Yes No 50 km/h 70 km/h 100 km/h 9 Manual Sudan Yes Yes 50 km/h 90 km/h No 6 Manual and automated Suriname Yes No 40 km/h 80 km/h 80 km/h 5 Manual Sweden Yes Yes 50 km/h 110 km/h 120 km/h 8 Automated Switzerland Yes No 50 km/h 80 km/h 120 km/h 7 — Syrian Arab Republic Yes Yes — — — 5 Manual and automated Tajikistan Yes No 60 km/h 90 km/h 110 km/h 9 Manual Thailand Yes No 80 km/h 90 km/h 120 km/h 5 Manual The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Yes No 50 km/h al 90 km/h 130 km/h 6 Manual Timor-Leste Yes No 50 km/h 90 km/h 120 km/h 5 Manual Togo No No — — — — Manual Tonga Yes No 50 km/h 70 km/h 70 km/h 7 Manual Trinidad and Tobago Yes No 50 km/h 80 km/h No 5 Manual Tunisia Yes Yes 50 km/h 90 km/h 110 km/h 5 Manual Turkey Yes Yes 50 km/h 110 km/hao 120 km/hao 9 Manual and automated Turkmenistan Yes Yes 60 km/h 90 km/h 110 km/h 10 Manual and automated Uganda Yes No 50 km/h 100 km/h No 7 Manual Ukraine Yes Yes 60 km/h 90 km/h 130 km/h 3 — United Arab Emirates Yes Yes —ap —ap —ap 10 Automated United Kingdom Yes Yes ~ 48 km/h ~ 96 km/h ~ 112 km/h 8 Automated United Republic of Tanzania Yes Yes 50 km/h No No 8 Manual United States of America Yes Yes 32 - 128 km/h 40 - 128 km/h 40 - 128 km/h — Manual Uruguay Yes Yes 45 km/h 90 km/h 90 km/h 6 Manual and automated Uzbekistan Yes No 70 km/h 100 km/h No 8 Manual Vanuatu No No — — — — — Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) No No — — — — — 332 Country / Area National speed limit law Types of modifications allowed Maximum default speed limits (km/h) Enforcement Predominant type of enforcementUrban Rural Motorways Viet Nam Yes No 60 km/h 90 km/h 120 km/h 7 Manual and automated West Bank and Gaza Strip Yes No 50 km/h 80 km/h 110 km/h 2 Manual Zimbabwe Yes Yes 60 km/h 80 km/haq 120 km/h 6 Manual a Speed limit set per vehicle type with a maximum speed limit of 90 km/h for fast moving vehicles, decreased by 20 km/h in mountain paths b Applies in the City of Saint John’s and in designated «speed limit areas» c The limit in residential area is reduced to 60 km/h d Speed limit set per vehicle type with a maximum speed limit of 70 miles per hour (112 km/h) for light vehicles e Speed limit set per vehicle type with a maximum speed limit of 80 km/h for specified vehicles including private motor cars f The 90 km/h speed limit applies on rural areas in Brussels capital region and Wallon region while there is a 70 km/h speed limit in the Flemish region g Can be increased to an unspecified speed under certain circumstances h Can be increased up to an unspecified speed i This limit applies to unpaved roadways while on undivided highway the maximum speed limit is 100 km/h for automobiles, light trucks and motorcycles j Can be increased up to an unspecified limit under certain circumstances k Traffic code refers to regulations to set maximum speed limits, regulations not available l Speed limit applicable on any road, decreased to 30 km/h in reduced speed zones m Can be increased up to 80 km/h n Traffic signs may on certain public highways provide for a higher speed limit not exceeding 80 km/h o Speed limits can be modified at local level by the road authorities and the police p Can be increased up to 90 km/h on certain conditions q No motorways in the country r Speed limit for public roads is 100 km/h for a road with a surface of concrete, bitumen or tar and 80 km/h for other roads s There is no maximum speed limit on motorways t Speed limits set per vehicle type and road type - for motor cars, speed limits are: 30 mph (48 km/h) on restricted roads, 60 mph (96 km/h) on Timehri / Linden Highway and 40 mph (64 km/h) elsewhere u Legislation refers to regulations to set maximum speed limits, regulations not available v Speed limit set per vehicle type with a maximum speed limit of 100 km/h for passengers cars comprising not more than eight seats in addition to the driver’s seat w 110 km/h for main suburban roads, 90 km/h for secondary suburban roads x Can be increased up to 90 km/h y Can be increased or decreased to an unspecified speed under certain circumstances z Can be modified up to 80 km/h aa Speed limit set per vehicle and road type with a maximum speed limit for passengers cars of 110 km/h on highways and 90 km/h on other roads ab Speed limit set per vehicle type with a maximum speed limit of 30 km/h for specified vehicles, except in designated areas with higher speeds ac Speed limit may be increased by the governor (Kosrae, Yap) or by the director of the department of public safety (Pohnpei) ad Speed limit set per vehicle type with a maximum speed limit of 80 km/h for specified vehicles including cars, and a maximum limit of 40 km/h in an area with dense settlement 333 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 ae 60 km/h from 23:00-05:00 af Local authorities can modify national speed limits through the posting of speed signs ag Speed limit set per vehicle type with a maximum speed limit of 80 km/h for passengers cars (not exceeding 3500 kg) ah Can be increased to 80 km/h ai Speed limits depend on the geographical area considered: the maximum speed limit is 40 km/h on roads in Greater Victoria and 80 km/h on any other roads; different speed limits are set for the island of praslin and la digue subject respectively to a 65 km/h and 25 km/h speed limit aj Different speed limits are set in urban areas ranging from 30 km/h to 70 km/h ak No rural roads in Singapore al Can be increased up to 70 km/h am Speed limits are established locally per vehicle type and / or per road names or areas an Road authorities can decrease speed limits on both urban and rural roads. Speed limits can only be increased on urban highways ao Ministry of Interior can increase speed limits by 20 km/h for automobiles ap Speed limits are established at subnational level per streets’ names aq A 120 km/h speed limits applies on roads having a bituminous surface coat of 6 metres of more in width 334 TABLE A5: DRINKING AND DRIVING LAWS, ENFORCEMENT AND ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS ATTRIBUTED TO ALCOHOL BY COUNTRY / AREA Country / Area National drink driving law Based on BAC / BrAC National maximum legal BAC levels (g/dl) Random breath testing carried out Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Enforcement % road traffic deaths involving alcohol National drug driving law Alcohol prohibitedGeneral population Young / novice drivers Professional / commercial drivers Afghanistan Yesa No — — — Yes All drivers tested 6 – Yes Yesb Albania Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 Yes Some drivers tested 6 5.2 Yes No Angola Yes Yes ≤ 0.06 ≤ 0.06 ≤ 0.06 Yes Some drivers tested 5 – Yes No Antigua and Barbuda Yesa No — — — No Some drivers tested 4 0.9 Yes No Argentina Yes Yes ≤0.05c ≤0.05 0.00 Yes — 6 17 Yes No Armenia Yes Yes ≤0.04 ≤0.04 ≤0.04 Yesd All drivers tested 6 1.9 Yes No Australia Yes Yes < 0.05 0.00 0.00 Yes All drivers tested 8 17 Yes No Austria Yes Yes <0.05 <0.01 <0.01 Yes All drivers tested — 5.1 Yes No Azerbaijan Yese No — — — Yes All drivers tested 9 15 Yes No Bangladesh Yesa No — — — Yes Some drivers tested 2 – Yes Yesb Barbados Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yesf All drivers tested 2 – Yes No Belarus Yes Yes <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 Yesd All drivers tested 8 14.3 (Drivers) Yes No Belgium Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.02 Yes Some drivers tested 6 – Yes No Belize Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yesf All drivers tested 4 – Yes No Benin Yesa No — — — Yes No 1 – No No Bhutan Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 0.00 0.00 Yes Some drivers tested 6 – Yes No Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 Yes d All drivers tested 4 6.4 Yes No Bosnia and Herzegovina Yes Yes ≤0.03 0.00 0.0 Yes All drivers tested 6 20.8 Yes No Botswana Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.025 Yes Some drivers tested 6 3.8 Yes No Brazil Yes Yes 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yes Some drivers tested 6 – Yes No Bulgaria Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 Yes All drivers tested 5 0.9 Yes No Burkina Faso Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.02 ≤0.02 Yes No — – Yes No Burundi Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yesd No 1 – No No Cabo Verde Yes Yes <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 Yesg No 5 – No No Cambodia Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Yes No 5 13 Yes No Cameroon Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yes No 2 – No No Canada Yes Yes 0.04 - 0.08 0.00 - 0.08 0.04 - 0.08 Yesd All drivers tested 8 29.6 Yes No Central African Republic Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 No No — – No No Chad Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 No No 1 – No No Chile Yes Yes ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 Yes All drivers tested 6 13 Yes No China Yes Yes <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 Yesd All drivers tested 9 0.4 Yes No Colombia Yes Yes <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 Yes All drivers tested 5 – Yes No Comoros Yesa No — — — No No 2 – Yes No 335 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area National drink driving law Based on BAC / BrAC National maximum legal BAC levels (g/dl) Random breath testing carried out Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Enforcement % road traffic deaths involving alcohol National drug driving law Alcohol prohibitedGeneral population Young / novice drivers Professional / commercial drivers Afghanistan Yesa No — — — Yes All drivers tested 6 – Yes Yesb Albania Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 Yes Some drivers tested 6 5.2 Yes No Angola Yes Yes ≤ 0.06 ≤ 0.06 ≤ 0.06 Yes Some drivers tested 5 – Yes No Antigua and Barbuda Yesa No — — — No Some drivers tested 4 0.9 Yes No Argentina Yes Yes ≤0.05c ≤0.05 0.00 Yes — 6 17 Yes No Armenia Yes Yes ≤0.04 ≤0.04 ≤0.04 Yesd All drivers tested 6 1.9 Yes No Australia Yes Yes < 0.05 0.00 0.00 Yes All drivers tested 8 17 Yes No Austria Yes Yes <0.05 <0.01 <0.01 Yes All drivers tested — 5.1 Yes No Azerbaijan Yese No — — — Yes All drivers tested 9 15 Yes No Bangladesh Yesa No — — — Yes Some drivers tested 2 – Yes Yesb Barbados Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yesf All drivers tested 2 – Yes No Belarus Yes Yes <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 Yesd All drivers tested 8 14.3 (Drivers) Yes No Belgium Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.02 Yes Some drivers tested 6 – Yes No Belize Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yesf All drivers tested 4 – Yes No Benin Yesa No — — — Yes No 1 – No No Bhutan Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 0.00 0.00 Yes Some drivers tested 6 – Yes No Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 Yes d All drivers tested 4 6.4 Yes No Bosnia and Herzegovina Yes Yes ≤0.03 0.00 0.0 Yes All drivers tested 6 20.8 Yes No Botswana Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.025 Yes Some drivers tested 6 3.8 Yes No Brazil Yes Yes 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yes Some drivers tested 6 – Yes No Bulgaria Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 Yes All drivers tested 5 0.9 Yes No Burkina Faso Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.02 ≤0.02 Yes No — – Yes No Burundi Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yesd No 1 – No No Cabo Verde Yes Yes <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 Yesg No 5 – No No Cambodia Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Yes No 5 13 Yes No Cameroon Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yes No 2 – No No Canada Yes Yes 0.04 - 0.08 0.00 - 0.08 0.04 - 0.08 Yesd All drivers tested 8 29.6 Yes No Central African Republic Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 No No — – No No Chad Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 No No 1 – No No Chile Yes Yes ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 Yes All drivers tested 6 13 Yes No China Yes Yes <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 Yesd All drivers tested 9 0.4 Yes No Colombia Yes Yes <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 Yes All drivers tested 5 – Yes No Comoros Yesa No — — — No No 2 – Yes No 336 Country / Area National drink driving law Based on BAC / BrAC National maximum legal BAC levels (g/dl) Random breath testing carried out Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Enforcement % road traffic deaths involving alcohol National drug driving law Alcohol prohibitedGeneral population Young / novice drivers Professional / commercial drivers Congo Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yes No 2 – No No Cook Islands Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yes All drivers tested 6 39 Yes No Costa Rica Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02 Yes All drivers tested 4 31.2 Yes No Côte d’Ivoire Yes Yes <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 Yes No 3 – No No Croatia Yes Yes ≤0.05 0.00 0.00 Yes Some drivers tested 8 23.8 Yes No Cuba Yes Yes ≤0.01 0.00 0.00 Yes All drivers tested 7 33.3 Yes No Cyprus Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.02 ≤0.02 Yes All drivers tested 7 17.4 Yes No Czechia Yes Yes ≤0.03 ≤0.03 ≤0.03 Yes All drivers tested 7 9.5 Yes No Democratic Republic of the Congo Yes Yes <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 Yes d No 2 – No No Denmark Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 Yes Some drivers tested — – Yes No Dominica Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 No No 1 – Yes No Dominican Republic Yes Yes ≤0.05 0.00 0.00 Yes Some drivers tested 3 – Yes No Ecuador Yes Yes ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.01 Yesd All drivers tested 7 6.8 Yes No Egypt Yesa No — — — No Some drivers tested 8 – Yes No El Salvador Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Yes Some drivers tested 7 – Yes No Equatorial Guinea Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 No — — – No No Eritrea Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.03 Yesd No 7 – Yes No Estonia Yes Yes <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 Yes All drivers tested 8 10 Yes No Eswatini Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.02 Yesd No 9 – Yes No Ethiopia Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yesd All drivers tested 2 4.3 Yes No Fiji Yes Yes ≤0.08 0.00 0.00 Yes Some drivers tested 6 5 Yes No Finland Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Yes All drivers tested 9 24 Yes No France Yes Yes <0.05 <0.02 <0.05 Yes All drivers tested 7 29 Yes No Gabon Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yes No 1 – No No Gambia Yesa No — — — No No 1 2.1 Yes No Georgia Yes Yes ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 Yesd All drivers tested 7 9 Yes No Germany Yes Yes <0.05 0.00 <0.05 Yes Some drivers tested — 7 Yes No Ghana Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yesf Some drivers tested 3 – Yes No Greece Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 Yes All drivers tested 4 25.3 Yes No Grenada Yesa No — — — No No 1 – Yes No Guatemala Yesa No — — — Yes Some drivers tested 4 – Yes No Guinea Yes Yes <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 No No 2 – No No Guinea-Bissau Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 No Some drivers tested 1 – Yes Yesb 337 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area National drink driving law Based on BAC / BrAC National maximum legal BAC levels (g/dl) Random breath testing carried out Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Enforcement % road traffic deaths involving alcohol National drug driving law Alcohol prohibitedGeneral population Young / novice drivers Professional / commercial drivers Congo Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yes No 2 – No No Cook Islands Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yes All drivers tested 6 39 Yes No Costa Rica Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02 Yes All drivers tested 4 31.2 Yes No Côte d’Ivoire Yes Yes <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 Yes No 3 – No No Croatia Yes Yes ≤0.05 0.00 0.00 Yes Some drivers tested 8 23.8 Yes No Cuba Yes Yes ≤0.01 0.00 0.00 Yes All drivers tested 7 33.3 Yes No Cyprus Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.02 ≤0.02 Yes All drivers tested 7 17.4 Yes No Czechia Yes Yes ≤0.03 ≤0.03 ≤0.03 Yes All drivers tested 7 9.5 Yes No Democratic Republic of the Congo Yes Yes <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 Yes d No 2 – No No Denmark Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 Yes Some drivers tested — – Yes No Dominica Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 No No 1 – Yes No Dominican Republic Yes Yes ≤0.05 0.00 0.00 Yes Some drivers tested 3 – Yes No Ecuador Yes Yes ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.01 Yesd All drivers tested 7 6.8 Yes No Egypt Yesa No — — — No Some drivers tested 8 – Yes No El Salvador Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Yes Some drivers tested 7 – Yes No Equatorial Guinea Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 No — — – No No Eritrea Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.03 Yesd No 7 – Yes No Estonia Yes Yes <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 Yes All drivers tested 8 10 Yes No Eswatini Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.02 Yesd No 9 – Yes No Ethiopia Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yesd All drivers tested 2 4.3 Yes No Fiji Yes Yes ≤0.08 0.00 0.00 Yes Some drivers tested 6 5 Yes No Finland Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Yes All drivers tested 9 24 Yes No France Yes Yes <0.05 <0.02 <0.05 Yes All drivers tested 7 29 Yes No Gabon Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yes No 1 – No No Gambia Yesa No — — — No No 1 2.1 Yes No Georgia Yes Yes ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 Yesd All drivers tested 7 9 Yes No Germany Yes Yes <0.05 0.00 <0.05 Yes Some drivers tested — 7 Yes No Ghana Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yesf Some drivers tested 3 – Yes No Greece Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 Yes All drivers tested 4 25.3 Yes No Grenada Yesa No — — — No No 1 – Yes No Guatemala Yesa No — — — Yes Some drivers tested 4 – Yes No Guinea Yes Yes <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 No No 2 – No No Guinea-Bissau Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 No Some drivers tested 1 – Yes Yesb 338 Country / Area National drink driving law Based on BAC / BrAC National maximum legal BAC levels (g/dl) Random breath testing carried out Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Enforcement % road traffic deaths involving alcohol National drug driving law Alcohol prohibitedGeneral population Young / novice drivers Professional / commercial drivers Guyana Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yesd No 7 17 Yes No Honduras Yes Yes <0.07 <0.07 <0.07 Yesd All drivers tested 8 6.8 Yes No Hungary Yesh Yes 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yesd All drivers tested 5 7.1 Yes No Iceland Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Yes All drivers tested 7 14 Yes No India Yes Yes ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 Yesd Some drivers tested 4 4.1 Yes No Indonesia Yesa No — — — Yes All drivers tested 9 – Yes No Iran (Islamic Republic of) Yesa No — — — Yesd Some drivers tested 7 1.7 Yes Yesb Iraq Yesa No — — — Yes Some drivers tested 2 – Yes Yesb Ireland Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02 Yes All drivers tested 10 38.5 Yes No Israel Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.01 ≤ 0.01 Yes All drivers tested 7 3.6 Yes No Italy Yes Yes ≤0.05 0.00 0.00 Yes Some drivers tested 7 20 - 25 Yes No Jamaica Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yesf Some drivers tested 2 – Yes No Japan Yes Yes <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 Yes Some drivers tested 9 5.6 Yes No Jordan Yes Yes <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 Yesi Some drivers tested 3 – Yes No Kazakhstan Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 No All drivers tested 7 0.3 Yes Yesb Kenya Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yesf No 5 – Yes No Kiribati Yes Yes ≤0.05j 0.00j 0.00j Yes No 4 – Yes No Kuwait Yesa No — — — No No 5 – Yes Yesb Kyrgyzstan Yesa No — — — Yes All drivers tested 5 – Yes No Lao People’s Democratic Republic Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 0.00 Yes No 3 – No k No Latvia Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02 Yesd All drivers tested 7 10.8 Yes No Lebanon Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 0.00 0.00 Yes Some drivers tested 3 – Yes No Lesotho Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yes No 2 60 Yes No Liberia Yes Yes <0.15 <0.15 <0.15 No All drivers tested 0 – Yes No Libya Yesa No — — — No Some drivers tested 7 1.2 Yes Yesb Lithuania Yes Yes ≤0.04 0.00 0.00 Yes All drivers tested 8 9.6 Yes No Luxembourg Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.02 < 0.02 Yes All drivers tested 6 14 Yes No Madagascar Yes Yes <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 Yes Some drivers tested 2 – Yes No Malawi Yes Yes <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 Yes No 4 – Yes No Malaysia Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yes All drivers tested 4 0.1 No No Maldives Nob No — — — No No — – No Yesb Mali Yes Yes <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 Yes No 3 0.4 Yes No Malta Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02l Yesd All drivers tested 4 – Yes No 339 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area National drink driving law Based on BAC / BrAC National maximum legal BAC levels (g/dl) Random breath testing carried out Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Enforcement % road traffic deaths involving alcohol National drug driving law Alcohol prohibitedGeneral population Young / novice drivers Professional / commercial drivers Guyana Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yesd No 7 17 Yes No Honduras Yes Yes <0.07 <0.07 <0.07 Yesd All drivers tested 8 6.8 Yes No Hungary Yesh Yes 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yesd All drivers tested 5 7.1 Yes No Iceland Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Yes All drivers tested 7 14 Yes No India Yes Yes ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 Yesd Some drivers tested 4 4.1 Yes No Indonesia Yesa No — — — Yes All drivers tested 9 – Yes No Iran (Islamic Republic of) Yesa No — — — Yesd Some drivers tested 7 1.7 Yes Yesb Iraq Yesa No — — — Yes Some drivers tested 2 – Yes Yesb Ireland Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02 Yes All drivers tested 10 38.5 Yes No Israel Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.01 ≤ 0.01 Yes All drivers tested 7 3.6 Yes No Italy Yes Yes ≤0.05 0.00 0.00 Yes Some drivers tested 7 20 - 25 Yes No Jamaica Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yesf Some drivers tested 2 – Yes No Japan Yes Yes <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 Yes Some drivers tested 9 5.6 Yes No Jordan Yes Yes <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 Yesi Some drivers tested 3 – Yes No Kazakhstan Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 No All drivers tested 7 0.3 Yes Yesb Kenya Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yesf No 5 – Yes No Kiribati Yes Yes ≤0.05j 0.00j 0.00j Yes No 4 – Yes No Kuwait Yesa No — — — No No 5 – Yes Yesb Kyrgyzstan Yesa No — — — Yes All drivers tested 5 – Yes No Lao People’s Democratic Republic Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 0.00 Yes No 3 – No k No Latvia Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02 Yesd All drivers tested 7 10.8 Yes No Lebanon Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 0.00 0.00 Yes Some drivers tested 3 – Yes No Lesotho Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yes No 2 60 Yes No Liberia Yes Yes <0.15 <0.15 <0.15 No All drivers tested 0 – Yes No Libya Yesa No — — — No Some drivers tested 7 1.2 Yes Yesb Lithuania Yes Yes ≤0.04 0.00 0.00 Yes All drivers tested 8 9.6 Yes No Luxembourg Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.02 < 0.02 Yes All drivers tested 6 14 Yes No Madagascar Yes Yes <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 Yes Some drivers tested 2 – Yes No Malawi Yes Yes <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 Yes No 4 – Yes No Malaysia Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yes All drivers tested 4 0.1 No No Maldives Nob No — — — No No — – No Yesb Mali Yes Yes <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 Yes No 3 0.4 Yes No Malta Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02l Yesd All drivers tested 4 – Yes No 340 Country / Area National drink driving law Based on BAC / BrAC National maximum legal BAC levels (g/dl) Random breath testing carried out Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Enforcement % road traffic deaths involving alcohol National drug driving law Alcohol prohibitedGeneral population Young / novice drivers Professional / commercial drivers Mauritania Yesa No — — — No No 8 – Yes Yesb Mauritius Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 Yesd All drivers tested 7 23.6 Yes No Mexico Yesm No — — — Yes Some drivers tested 7 19.5 Yes No Micronesia (Federated States of) Yes n No — — — No No 5 100 Yes No Mongolia Yes Yes <0.04o <0.04o <0.04o Yesf All drivers tested 8 25 Yes No Montenegro Yes Yes ≤0.03 0.00 ≤0.03 Yes All drivers tested 7 – Yes No Morocco Yes Yes <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 Yes No 5 3.7 Yes Yesb Mozambique Yes Yes <0.06 <0.06 <0.06 Yes Some drivers tested 6 – Yes No Myanmar Yesa No — — — Yes Some drivers tested 6 21.4 Yes Yesb Namibia Yes Yes ≤0.079 ≤0.079 ≤0.079 Yes Some drivers tested 4 3.9 Yes No Nepal Yesa No — — — Yes Some drivers tested 8 – Yes No Netherlands Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.05 Yes No 6 11 - 24 Yes No New Zealand Yes Yes ≤0.05 0.00 ≤0.05 Yes Some drivers tested 7 27 Yes No Niger Yesa No — — — No No 6 – Yes No Nigeria Yes Yes ≤0.05p ≤0.002q ≤0.000r Yes No 4 0.5 Yes No Norway Yes Yes ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02 Yes Some drivers tested 10 13 Yes No Oman Yesa No — — — Yes All drivers tested 10 0.7 Yes No Pakistan Yesa No — — — No No 4 – Yes Yesb Panama Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 Yes All drivers tested 5 – Yes No Papua New Guinea Yess No — — — No No — 56 Yes No Paraguay Yes Yes 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yes All drivers tested 6 – Yes No Peru Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤ 0.025 Yes All drivers tested 2 9.3 Yes No Philippines Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 0.00 Yesd Some drivers tested 4 – Yes No Poland Yes Yes < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 Yes All drivers tested 10 12.7 Yes No Portugal Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.02 < 0.02 Yes All drivers tested 7 29.2 Yes No Qatar Yesa No — — — No All drivers tested 9 2.2 Yes Yesb Republic of Korea Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Yesd Some drivers tested 7 11.2 Yes No Republic of Moldova Yes Yes ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 Yes All drivers tested 8 9.4 Yes No Romania Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yes All drivers tested 8 5.6 Yes No Russian Federation Yes Yes ≤0.03o ≤0.03o ≤0.03o Yes All drivers tested 6 22.9 Yes No Rwanda Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yesf Some drivers tested 9 – No No Saint Lucia Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 No All drivers tested 0 – Yes No Samoa Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yes No 8 – Yes No 341 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area National drink driving law Based on BAC / BrAC National maximum legal BAC levels (g/dl) Random breath testing carried out Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Enforcement % road traffic deaths involving alcohol National drug driving law Alcohol prohibitedGeneral population Young / novice drivers Professional / commercial drivers Mauritania Yesa No — — — No No 8 – Yes Yesb Mauritius Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 Yesd All drivers tested 7 23.6 Yes No Mexico Yesm No — — — Yes Some drivers tested 7 19.5 Yes No Micronesia (Federated States of) Yes n No — — — No No 5 100 Yes No Mongolia Yes Yes <0.04o <0.04o <0.04o Yesf All drivers tested 8 25 Yes No Montenegro Yes Yes ≤0.03 0.00 ≤0.03 Yes All drivers tested 7 – Yes No Morocco Yes Yes <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 Yes No 5 3.7 Yes Yesb Mozambique Yes Yes <0.06 <0.06 <0.06 Yes Some drivers tested 6 – Yes No Myanmar Yesa No — — — Yes Some drivers tested 6 21.4 Yes Yesb Namibia Yes Yes ≤0.079 ≤0.079 ≤0.079 Yes Some drivers tested 4 3.9 Yes No Nepal Yesa No — — — Yes Some drivers tested 8 – Yes No Netherlands Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.05 Yes No 6 11 - 24 Yes No New Zealand Yes Yes ≤0.05 0.00 ≤0.05 Yes Some drivers tested 7 27 Yes No Niger Yesa No — — — No No 6 – Yes No Nigeria Yes Yes ≤0.05p ≤0.002q ≤0.000r Yes No 4 0.5 Yes No Norway Yes Yes ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02 Yes Some drivers tested 10 13 Yes No Oman Yesa No — — — Yes All drivers tested 10 0.7 Yes No Pakistan Yesa No — — — No No 4 – Yes Yesb Panama Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 Yes All drivers tested 5 – Yes No Papua New Guinea Yess No — — — No No — 56 Yes No Paraguay Yes Yes 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yes All drivers tested 6 – Yes No Peru Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤ 0.025 Yes All drivers tested 2 9.3 Yes No Philippines Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 0.00 Yesd Some drivers tested 4 – Yes No Poland Yes Yes < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 Yes All drivers tested 10 12.7 Yes No Portugal Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.02 < 0.02 Yes All drivers tested 7 29.2 Yes No Qatar Yesa No — — — No All drivers tested 9 2.2 Yes Yesb Republic of Korea Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Yesd Some drivers tested 7 11.2 Yes No Republic of Moldova Yes Yes ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 Yes All drivers tested 8 9.4 Yes No Romania Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yes All drivers tested 8 5.6 Yes No Russian Federation Yes Yes ≤0.03o ≤0.03o ≤0.03o Yes All drivers tested 6 22.9 Yes No Rwanda Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yesf Some drivers tested 9 – No No Saint Lucia Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 No All drivers tested 0 – Yes No Samoa Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yes No 8 – Yes No 342 Country / Area National drink driving law Based on BAC / BrAC National maximum legal BAC levels (g/dl) Random breath testing carried out Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Enforcement % road traffic deaths involving alcohol National drug driving law Alcohol prohibitedGeneral population Young / novice drivers Professional / commercial drivers San Marino Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 Yesd All drivers tested 6 – Yes No Sao Tome and Principe Yes Yes <0.12 <0.12 <0.12 No No 2 – Yes No Saudi Arabia Yesa No — — — No Some drivers tested 9 – Yes Yesb Senegal Yesa No — — — No No 3 – Yes No Serbia Yes Yes ≤0.03 0.00 0.00 Yes All drivers tested 5 17 Yes No Seychelles Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yesf No 6 – Yes No Singapore Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yesf All drivers tested 8 6.4 Yes No Slovakia Yest Yes 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yes All drivers tested 8 6.1 Yes No Slovenia Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 0.00 0.00 Yes All drivers tested 7 32 Yes No Solomon Islands Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Yes Some drivers tested 7 – Yes No Somalia Yesa No — — — No No 1 – Yes Yesb South Africa Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.02 Yes Some drivers tested 5 57.5 Yes No South Sudan Yesa No — — — No No 0 – Yes No Spain Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤0.03 ≤0.03 Yes Some drivers tested 7 17 Males, 6.7 Females Yes No Sri Lanka Yes Yes < 0.08 < 0.08 < 0.08 No Some drivers tested 9 – Yes No Sudan Yesa No — — — Yes All drivers tested 7 0.3 Yes Yesb Suriname Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 Yes Some drivers tested 5 – Yes No Sweden Yes Yes < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 Yes All drivers tested 6 24 Yes No Switzerland Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.01 < 0.01 Yes Some drivers tested 6 13 Yes No Syrian Arab Republic Yesu No — — — Yes Some drivers tested 7 – No No Tajikistan Yesa No — — — Yes All drivers tested 9 4.2 Yes No Thailand Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.02 0.00 Yesd Some drivers tested 6 14.1 Yes No The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Yes Yes ≤0.05 < 0.01 ≤0.009 Yes All drivers tested 5 1.4 Yes No Timor-Leste Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 No Some drivers tested 4 – Yes No Togo Yesa No — — — No No 0 – Yes No Tonga Yes Yes <0.03o <0.03o <0.03o Yes No 5 77 No No Trinidad and Tobago Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yesd All drivers tested 6 – Yes No Tunisia Yes Yes <0.03 0.00 0.00 No All drivers tested 3 1.6 Yes No Turkey Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.02 Yes All drivers tested 9 3.3 Yes No Turkmenistan Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 Yes All drivers tested 10 – No No Uganda Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 0.00 Yesf Some drivers tested 6 0.8 Yes No Ukraine Yes Yes ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02 ≤0.02 No All drivers tested 5 6.7 Yes No 343 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area National drink driving law Based on BAC / BrAC National maximum legal BAC levels (g/dl) Random breath testing carried out Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Enforcement % road traffic deaths involving alcohol National drug driving law Alcohol prohibitedGeneral population Young / novice drivers Professional / commercial drivers San Marino Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 Yesd All drivers tested 6 – Yes No Sao Tome and Principe Yes Yes <0.12 <0.12 <0.12 No No 2 – Yes No Saudi Arabia Yesa No — — — No Some drivers tested 9 – Yes Yesb Senegal Yesa No — — — No No 3 – Yes No Serbia Yes Yes ≤0.03 0.00 0.00 Yes All drivers tested 5 17 Yes No Seychelles Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yesf No 6 – Yes No Singapore Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yesf All drivers tested 8 6.4 Yes No Slovakia Yest Yes 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yes All drivers tested 8 6.1 Yes No Slovenia Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 0.00 0.00 Yes All drivers tested 7 32 Yes No Solomon Islands Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Yes Some drivers tested 7 – Yes No Somalia Yesa No — — — No No 1 – Yes Yesb South Africa Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.02 Yes Some drivers tested 5 57.5 Yes No South Sudan Yesa No — — — No No 0 – Yes No Spain Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤0.03 ≤0.03 Yes Some drivers tested 7 17 Males, 6.7 Females Yes No Sri Lanka Yes Yes < 0.08 < 0.08 < 0.08 No Some drivers tested 9 – Yes No Sudan Yesa No — — — Yes All drivers tested 7 0.3 Yes Yesb Suriname Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 Yes Some drivers tested 5 – Yes No Sweden Yes Yes < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 Yes All drivers tested 6 24 Yes No Switzerland Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.01 < 0.01 Yes Some drivers tested 6 13 Yes No Syrian Arab Republic Yesu No — — — Yes Some drivers tested 7 – No No Tajikistan Yesa No — — — Yes All drivers tested 9 4.2 Yes No Thailand Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.02 0.00 Yesd Some drivers tested 6 14.1 Yes No The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Yes Yes ≤0.05 < 0.01 ≤0.009 Yes All drivers tested 5 1.4 Yes No Timor-Leste Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 No Some drivers tested 4 – Yes No Togo Yesa No — — — No No 0 – Yes No Tonga Yes Yes <0.03o <0.03o <0.03o Yes No 5 77 No No Trinidad and Tobago Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yesd All drivers tested 6 – Yes No Tunisia Yes Yes <0.03 0.00 0.00 No All drivers tested 3 1.6 Yes No Turkey Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.02 Yes All drivers tested 9 3.3 Yes No Turkmenistan Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 Yes All drivers tested 10 – No No Uganda Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 0.00 Yesf Some drivers tested 6 0.8 Yes No Ukraine Yes Yes ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02 ≤0.02 No All drivers tested 5 6.7 Yes No 344 Country / Area National drink driving law Based on BAC / BrAC National maximum legal BAC levels (g/dl) Random breath testing carried out Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Enforcement % road traffic deaths involving alcohol National drug driving law Alcohol prohibitedGeneral population Young / novice drivers Professional / commercial drivers United Arab Emirates Yes Yes ≤ 0.01 ≤ 0.01 ≤ 0.01 No All drivers tested 10 1.8 Yes Yesb United Kingdom Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤0.08 Yesd All drivers tested 8 13 (GB), 23 (NI) Yes No United Republic of Tanzania Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 0.00 Yes f No 6 1 Yes No United States of America Yes Yes ≤0.08 0.00 - 0.08 0.00 - 0.08 Yes Some drivers tested — 29 Yes No Uruguay Yes Yes 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yes Some drivers tested 9 – Yes No Uzbekistan Yesa No — — — Yes — 10 3.6 Yes No Vanuatu Yesa No — — — No No 0 67 Yes No Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Yes a No — — — Yes All drivers tested 4 – Yes No Viet Nam Yesv Yes 0.00— 0.05 0.00 — 0.05v 0.00 — 0.05 Yes Some drivers tested 8 – Yes No West Bank and Gaza Strip Yesa No — — — Yes No 5 – Yes No Zimbabwe Yes Yes <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 No Some drivers tested 5 – Yes No a Not based on BAC b Alcohol consumption legally prohibited c ≤0.2 g/l for motorcycles drivers d Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers e Law not based on BAC / BrAC f Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers or commission of a traffic offence g Legislation refers to testing in case of crash h Any presence of alcohol in the body is prohibited i Legislation refers to alcohol testing in case of reckless driving or in the case of a crash j BAC limit introduced by the traffic act 2017, at December 2017, the notice of commencment had not yet been signed k Legislation banning drug driving only applies to bus and truck drivers l For commercial drivers limits are as follows: «≤ 9 microgrammes in 100 ml (BrAC), 20 mg in 100 ml (BAC) and 27 mg in 100 ml of urine» while there is a 0 limit For driver of buses, coaches and other vehicles carrying passengers for a fee m Not based on BAC in 19 out of 32 states n In Yap a BAC limit is provided in the law. In Kosrae and Pohnpei, the law is not based on a BAC limit. No data is available for Chuuk o Law based on breath alcohol concentration, values converted to BAC p The legislation, as amended in 2016, refers to an alcohol legal limit of «0.05» for the general population but does not specify the unit to consider q The legislation, as amended in 2016, refers to an alcohol legal limit of «0.002» for young or novice drivers but does not specify the unit to consider r The legislation, as amended in 2016, refers to an alcohol legal limit of «0.000» for commercial drivers» but does not specify the unit to consider s Law not based on BAC 345 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area National drink driving law Based on BAC / BrAC National maximum legal BAC levels (g/dl) Random breath testing carried out Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Enforcement % road traffic deaths involving alcohol National drug driving law Alcohol prohibitedGeneral population Young / novice drivers Professional / commercial drivers United Arab Emirates Yes Yes ≤ 0.01 ≤ 0.01 ≤ 0.01 No All drivers tested 10 1.8 Yes Yesb United Kingdom Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤0.08 Yesd All drivers tested 8 13 (GB), 23 (NI) Yes No United Republic of Tanzania Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 0.00 Yes f No 6 1 Yes No United States of America Yes Yes ≤0.08 0.00 - 0.08 0.00 - 0.08 Yes Some drivers tested — 29 Yes No Uruguay Yes Yes 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yes Some drivers tested 9 – Yes No Uzbekistan Yesa No — — — Yes — 10 3.6 Yes No Vanuatu Yesa No — — — No No 0 67 Yes No Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Yes a No — — — Yes All drivers tested 4 – Yes No Viet Nam Yesv Yes 0.00— 0.05 0.00 — 0.05v 0.00 — 0.05 Yes Some drivers tested 8 – Yes No West Bank and Gaza Strip Yesa No — — — Yes No 5 – Yes No Zimbabwe Yes Yes <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 No Some drivers tested 5 – Yes No t Driving with presence of any alcohol in the body is prohibited u The law refers to regulations to set BAC limit, regulations not available v Different Bac limits are set depending on the type of vehicle used: for drivers of cars the bac limit is set at 0.00g/dl while for drivers of motorcycles and mopeds the legal bac limit is set at 0.05g/dl 346 TABLE A6: HELMET LAWS, ENFORCEMENT AND WEARING RATES BY COUNTRY / AREA Country / Area Motorcycle helmet law Children passengers on motorcycles Enforcement Helmet wearing rate (%)National motorcycle helmet law Applies to driver Applies to adult passengers Applies to all roads Applies to all engines Helmet fastening required Standard referred to and / or specified Afghanistan No — — — — — — Not restricted — Albania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 6 75% Drivers, 60% Passengers Angola Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 7 yrs 7 40% Drivers, 15% Passengers Antigua and Barbuda No — — — — — — Not restricted — Argentina Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 4 65.4% Drivers, 44.2% Passengers Armenia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 9 95% Drivers, 90% Passengers Australia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 8 yrs 8 99% Drivers Austria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 100% All riders Azerbaijan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Prohibited under 12 yrs 6 Bangladesh Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 6 Barbados Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 9 Belarus Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 8 Belgium Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited under 3 /8 yrsa 9 99% Drivers, 100% Passengers Belize Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Not restricted 5 Benin Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Not restricted 3 25% Drivers, 1% Passengers Bhutan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 9 Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 3 51.9% Drivers, 3% Passengers Bosnia and Herzegovina Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Prohibited under 12 yrs 7 Botswana Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 8 Brazil Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 7 yrs 7 83.4% Drivers, 80.1% Passengers Bulgaria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Prohibited under 12 yrs 5 80% Drivers, 30% Passengers Burkina Faso Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited under 5 yrs 4 9% All riders Burundi Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 5 Cabo Verde Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Prohibited under 7 yrs 8 Cambodia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 6 70% - 43% Drivers, 30 - 13% Passengersb Cameroon Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Prohibited under 5 yrs 1 Canada Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 10 98% Drivers, 98% Passengers Central African Republic Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Prohibited under 5 yrs 0 Chad Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Prohibited under 5 yrs 5 Chile Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 9 99% Drivers, 98% Passengers China Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 6 20% All riders Colombia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 4 96% Drivers, 79.8% Passengers 347 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Motorcycle helmet law Children passengers on motorcycles Enforcement Helmet wearing rate (%)National motorcycle helmet law Applies to driver Applies to adult passengers Applies to all roads Applies to all engines Helmet fastening required Standard referred to and / or specified Afghanistan No — — — — — — Not restricted — Albania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 6 75% Drivers, 60% Passengers Angola Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 7 yrs 7 40% Drivers, 15% Passengers Antigua and Barbuda No — — — — — — Not restricted — Argentina Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 4 65.4% Drivers, 44.2% Passengers Armenia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 9 95% Drivers, 90% Passengers Australia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 8 yrs 8 99% Drivers Austria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 100% All riders Azerbaijan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Prohibited under 12 yrs 6 Bangladesh Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 6 Barbados Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 9 Belarus Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 8 Belgium Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited under 3 /8 yrsa 9 99% Drivers, 100% Passengers Belize Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Not restricted 5 Benin Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Not restricted 3 25% Drivers, 1% Passengers Bhutan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 9 Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 3 51.9% Drivers, 3% Passengers Bosnia and Herzegovina Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Prohibited under 12 yrs 7 Botswana Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 8 Brazil Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 7 yrs 7 83.4% Drivers, 80.1% Passengers Bulgaria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Prohibited under 12 yrs 5 80% Drivers, 30% Passengers Burkina Faso Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited under 5 yrs 4 9% All riders Burundi Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 5 Cabo Verde Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Prohibited under 7 yrs 8 Cambodia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 6 70% - 43% Drivers, 30 - 13% Passengersb Cameroon Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Prohibited under 5 yrs 1 Canada Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 10 98% Drivers, 98% Passengers Central African Republic Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Prohibited under 5 yrs 0 Chad Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Prohibited under 5 yrs 5 Chile Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 9 99% Drivers, 98% Passengers China Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 6 20% All riders Colombia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 4 96% Drivers, 79.8% Passengers 348 Country / Area Motorcycle helmet law Children passengers on motorcycles Enforcement Helmet wearing rate (%)National motorcycle helmet law Applies to driver Applies to adult passengers Applies to all roads Applies to all engines Helmet fastening required Standard referred to and / or specified Comoros No — — — — — — Not restricted — Congo Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Prohibited under 5 yrs 3 27% All riders Cook Islands Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restrictedc 5 Costa Rica Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited under 5 yrs 5 98.3% Drivers, 91.8% Passengers Côte d’Ivoire Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 4 Croatia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 9 95% Drivers, 95% Passengers Cuba Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 7 yrs 8 95% Drivers, 90% Passengers Cyprus Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 7 75.1% Drivers, 68.3% Passengers Czechia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 9 Democratic Republic of the Congo Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 4 Denmark Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 5 yrs / 135 cm 98% Drivers Dominica No — — — — — — Not restricted — Dominican Republic Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited under 8 yrs 5 27% Drivers, 2% Passengers Ecuador Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 7 yrs 8 90% Drivers, 12 - 52% Passengers Egypt Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 3 El Salvador Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Not restricted 7 Equatorial Guinea Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Prohibited under 5 yrs 0 Eritrea Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 8 95% Drivers, 95% Passengers Estonia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 9 98% Drivers Eswatini Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 5 Ethiopia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 2 Fiji Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 8 yrsd 8 80% Drivers, 80% Passengers Finland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 9 98.3% All riders France Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 9 98% All riders Gabon Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Prohibited under 5 yrs 5 Gambia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 4 Georgia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 7 Germany Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Not restricted 99% Drivers, 100% Passengers Ghana Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 5 41.8% Drivers, 16.9% Passengers Greece Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 5 yrs 4 75% Drivers, 46% Passengers Grenada Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 1 Guatemala Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 4 36% Drivers, 11% Passengers 349 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Motorcycle helmet law Children passengers on motorcycles Enforcement Helmet wearing rate (%)National motorcycle helmet law Applies to driver Applies to adult passengers Applies to all roads Applies to all engines Helmet fastening required Standard referred to and / or specified Comoros No — — — — — — Not restricted — Congo Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Prohibited under 5 yrs 3 27% All riders Cook Islands Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restrictedc 5 Costa Rica Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited under 5 yrs 5 98.3% Drivers, 91.8% Passengers Côte d’Ivoire Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 4 Croatia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 9 95% Drivers, 95% Passengers Cuba Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 7 yrs 8 95% Drivers, 90% Passengers Cyprus Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 7 75.1% Drivers, 68.3% Passengers Czechia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 9 Democratic Republic of the Congo Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 4 Denmark Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 5 yrs / 135 cm 98% Drivers Dominica No — — — — — — Not restricted — Dominican Republic Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited under 8 yrs 5 27% Drivers, 2% Passengers Ecuador Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 7 yrs 8 90% Drivers, 12 - 52% Passengers Egypt Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 3 El Salvador Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Not restricted 7 Equatorial Guinea Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Prohibited under 5 yrs 0 Eritrea Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 8 95% Drivers, 95% Passengers Estonia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 9 98% Drivers Eswatini Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 5 Ethiopia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 2 Fiji Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 8 yrsd 8 80% Drivers, 80% Passengers Finland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 9 98.3% All riders France Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 9 98% All riders Gabon Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Prohibited under 5 yrs 5 Gambia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 4 Georgia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 7 Germany Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Not restricted 99% Drivers, 100% Passengers Ghana Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 5 41.8% Drivers, 16.9% Passengers Greece Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 5 yrs 4 75% Drivers, 46% Passengers Grenada Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 1 Guatemala Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 4 36% Drivers, 11% Passengers 350 Country / Area Motorcycle helmet law Children passengers on motorcycles Enforcement Helmet wearing rate (%)National motorcycle helmet law Applies to driver Applies to adult passengers Applies to all roads Applies to all engines Helmet fastening required Standard referred to and / or specified Guinea Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 4 7.9% All riders Guinea-Bissau Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 6 yrs 4 Guyana No — — — — — — Not restricted — 50% Drivers, 20% Passengers Honduras Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 4 Hungary Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 8 92.3% country roads, 100% Budapest % All riders Iceland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restrictede 9 India Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 4 30% Drivers, <10% Passengers Indonesia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 9 71.4% All riders Iran (Islamic Republic of) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 5 59% Drivers, 20% Passengers Iraq Yes Yes No Yes Yesf No No Not restricted 5 Ireland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 10 99.9% Drivers Israel Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 9 98% Drivers, 98% Passengers Italy Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 5 yrs 9 98% All riders Jamaica Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 2 6% Drivers, 2% Passengers Japan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 9 Jordan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 7 Kazakhstan Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 7 Kenya Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 3 35.1% Drivers, 2.8% Passengers Kiribati Yesg Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted Kuwait Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 3 Kyrgyzstan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 5 Lao People’s Democratic Republic Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 7 Latvia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 150 cm 7 Lebanon Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 10 yrs 5 Lesotho Yes Yes Yes Yes Noh No No Not restricted 8 75% Drivers, 3% Passengers Liberia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Prohibited under 13 yrs 1 Libya Yes No No Yes Yes No No Not restricted 1 Lithuania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 9 Luxembourg Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 10 Madagascar Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 2 Malawi Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Not restricted 2 Malaysia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 8 91.2% Drivers, 87% Passengers 351 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Motorcycle helmet law Children passengers on motorcycles Enforcement Helmet wearing rate (%)National motorcycle helmet law Applies to driver Applies to adult passengers Applies to all roads Applies to all engines Helmet fastening required Standard referred to and / or specified Guinea Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 4 7.9% All riders Guinea-Bissau Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 6 yrs 4 Guyana No — — — — — — Not restricted — 50% Drivers, 20% Passengers Honduras Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 4 Hungary Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 8 92.3% country roads, 100% Budapest % All riders Iceland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restrictede 9 India Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 4 30% Drivers, <10% Passengers Indonesia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 9 71.4% All riders Iran (Islamic Republic of) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 5 59% Drivers, 20% Passengers Iraq Yes Yes No Yes Yesf No No Not restricted 5 Ireland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 10 99.9% Drivers Israel Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 9 98% Drivers, 98% Passengers Italy Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 5 yrs 9 98% All riders Jamaica Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 2 6% Drivers, 2% Passengers Japan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 9 Jordan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 7 Kazakhstan Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 7 Kenya Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 3 35.1% Drivers, 2.8% Passengers Kiribati Yesg Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted Kuwait Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 3 Kyrgyzstan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 5 Lao People’s Democratic Republic Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 7 Latvia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 150 cm 7 Lebanon Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 10 yrs 5 Lesotho Yes Yes Yes Yes Noh No No Not restricted 8 75% Drivers, 3% Passengers Liberia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Prohibited under 13 yrs 1 Libya Yes No No Yes Yes No No Not restricted 1 Lithuania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 9 Luxembourg Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 10 Madagascar Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 2 Malawi Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Not restricted 2 Malaysia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 8 91.2% Drivers, 87% Passengers 352 Country / Area Motorcycle helmet law Children passengers on motorcycles Enforcement Helmet wearing rate (%)National motorcycle helmet law Applies to driver Applies to adult passengers Applies to all roads Applies to all engines Helmet fastening required Standard referred to and / or specified Maldives Yes Noi Noi No Yes No No Not restricted 5 Mali Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Not restricted 3 6.2% Drivers, 0.4% Passengers Malta Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 9 Mauritania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 3 Mauritius Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yesj Not restricted 10 Mexico No No No No No No No Not restricted — 83.1% Drivers, 55.4% Passengers Micronesia (Federated States of) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 7 Mongolia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restrictedk 1 Montenegro Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yesl Prohibited under 12 yrs 6 70% Drivers, 30% Passengers Morocco Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 7 64.4% Drivers, 30.5% Passengers Mozambique Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 7 yrs 4 Myanmar Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited until footrests can be reached 6 32% Drivers, 26.7% Passengers Namibia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Not restricted 7 Nepal Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 8 Netherlands Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Not restricted 5 99.9% Drivers, 84% Passengers New Zealand Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 9 Niger Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 5 Nigeria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 4 Norway Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 10 99% Drivers, 99% Passengers Oman Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 10 98% Drivers, 92% Passengers Pakistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 3 10.4% All riders Panama Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 6 Papua New Guinea Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted Paraguay Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 6 Peru Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 4 69.9% Drivers, 7.7% Passengers Philippines Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restrictedm 6 51.3% All riders, 86.7% Drivers Poland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restrictedn 7 99% Drivers, 100% Passengers Portugal Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 7 yrs 9 97.6% Drivers, 97.3% Passengers Qatar Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 9 Republic of Korea Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 6 86% Drivers, 40% Passengers Republic of Moldova Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 8 353 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Motorcycle helmet law Children passengers on motorcycles Enforcement Helmet wearing rate (%)National motorcycle helmet law Applies to driver Applies to adult passengers Applies to all roads Applies to all engines Helmet fastening required Standard referred to and / or specified Maldives Yes Noi Noi No Yes No No Not restricted 5 Mali Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Not restricted 3 6.2% Drivers, 0.4% Passengers Malta Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 9 Mauritania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 3 Mauritius Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yesj Not restricted 10 Mexico No No No No No No No Not restricted — 83.1% Drivers, 55.4% Passengers Micronesia (Federated States of) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 7 Mongolia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restrictedk 1 Montenegro Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yesl Prohibited under 12 yrs 6 70% Drivers, 30% Passengers Morocco Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 7 64.4% Drivers, 30.5% Passengers Mozambique Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 7 yrs 4 Myanmar Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited until footrests can be reached 6 32% Drivers, 26.7% Passengers Namibia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Not restricted 7 Nepal Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 8 Netherlands Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Not restricted 5 99.9% Drivers, 84% Passengers New Zealand Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 9 Niger Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 5 Nigeria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 4 Norway Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 10 99% Drivers, 99% Passengers Oman Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 10 98% Drivers, 92% Passengers Pakistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 3 10.4% All riders Panama Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 6 Papua New Guinea Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted Paraguay Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 6 Peru Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 4 69.9% Drivers, 7.7% Passengers Philippines Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restrictedm 6 51.3% All riders, 86.7% Drivers Poland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restrictedn 7 99% Drivers, 100% Passengers Portugal Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 7 yrs 9 97.6% Drivers, 97.3% Passengers Qatar Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 9 Republic of Korea Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 6 86% Drivers, 40% Passengers Republic of Moldova Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 8 354 Country / Area Motorcycle helmet law Children passengers on motorcycles Enforcement Helmet wearing rate (%)National motorcycle helmet law Applies to driver Applies to adult passengers Applies to all roads Applies to all engines Helmet fastening required Standard referred to and / or specified Romania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Prohibited under 14 yrso 7 Russian Federation Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 4 Rwanda Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Not restricted 10 Saint Lucia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 2 Samoa Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Not restricted 10 100% Drivers, 100% Passengers San Marino Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 10 Sao Tome and Principe Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Prohibited under 7 yrs 7 Saudi Arabia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 16 yrs 2 Senegal Yes No Yes Yes No No No Not restricted 5 Serbia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 8 85.7% Drivers,74.3 - 86.5% Passengers Seychelles Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Nop Prohibited under 10 yrs 7 Singapore Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 10 yrs 9 Slovakia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 8 Slovenia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrsq 8 Solomon Islands Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 6 Somalia No — — — — — — Not restricted — South Africa Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Not restricted 8 South Sudan No — — — — — — Not restricted — Spain Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited under 7 / 12 yrs 8 99% Drivers, 93.3% Passengers Sri Lanka Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 9 95% All riders Sudan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 3 Suriname Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Not restricted 7 95% Drivers, 92% Passengers Sweden Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 8 97 - 99 (97 for moped drivers)% All riders Switzerland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 9 100% Drivers Syrian Arab Republic Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No Not restricted 7 Tajikistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 6 Thailand Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 6 51% Drivers, 20% Passengers The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 7 Timor-Leste Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 7 Togo Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 7 Tonga Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 8 Trinidad and Tobago Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 9 355 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Motorcycle helmet law Children passengers on motorcycles Enforcement Helmet wearing rate (%)National motorcycle helmet law Applies to driver Applies to adult passengers Applies to all roads Applies to all engines Helmet fastening required Standard referred to and / or specified Romania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Prohibited under 14 yrso 7 Russian Federation Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 4 Rwanda Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Not restricted 10 Saint Lucia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 2 Samoa Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Not restricted 10 100% Drivers, 100% Passengers San Marino Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 10 Sao Tome and Principe Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Prohibited under 7 yrs 7 Saudi Arabia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 16 yrs 2 Senegal Yes No Yes Yes No No No Not restricted 5 Serbia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 8 85.7% Drivers,74.3 - 86.5% Passengers Seychelles Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Nop Prohibited under 10 yrs 7 Singapore Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 10 yrs 9 Slovakia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 8 Slovenia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrsq 8 Solomon Islands Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 6 Somalia No — — — — — — Not restricted — South Africa Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Not restricted 8 South Sudan No — — — — — — Not restricted — Spain Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited under 7 / 12 yrs 8 99% Drivers, 93.3% Passengers Sri Lanka Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 9 95% All riders Sudan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 3 Suriname Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Not restricted 7 95% Drivers, 92% Passengers Sweden Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 8 97 - 99 (97 for moped drivers)% All riders Switzerland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 9 100% Drivers Syrian Arab Republic Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No Not restricted 7 Tajikistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 6 Thailand Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 6 51% Drivers, 20% Passengers The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 7 Timor-Leste Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 7 Togo Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 7 Tonga Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 8 Trinidad and Tobago Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 9 356 Country / Area Motorcycle helmet law Children passengers on motorcycles Enforcement Helmet wearing rate (%)National motorcycle helmet law Applies to driver Applies to adult passengers Applies to all roads Applies to all engines Helmet fastening required Standard referred to and / or specified Tunisia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited under 6 yrs 3 Turkey Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 9 75% All riders Turkmenistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Prohibited under 12 yrs 9 Uganda Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 5 49% Drivers, 1% Passengers Ukraine Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs / 145 cm 3 United Arab Emirates Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 10 United Kingdom Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 9 United Republic of Tanzania Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 6 United States of America Yes Nor Nor No No No Yes Not restricteds 67.8% Drivers, 52.5% Passengers Uruguay Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited until footrests can be reached 7 80.2% Drivers, 71.2% Passengers Uzbekistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 10 Vanuatu Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 8 90% Drivers, 90% Passengers Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Prohibited under 10 yrs 3 Viet Nam Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 8 81% Drivers, 60.4% Passengers West Bank and Gaza Strip Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 5 Zimbabwe Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 8 a Restrictions vary depending on the type of motorcycles: children under 3 years are not allowed on mopeds and motorcycles, children under 8 years are not allowed on motorcycles over 125cc b Percentage are for day - and night -time observations, respectively c Obligation to use a helmet only applies to those riding on a motorcycle travelling above 40 km/h (except for specific provisions in Rarotonga - persons between 16 and 25 and visitors required to wear helmet at all speeds) d Except if motorcycle is fitted with one additional seat designed to transport children e Children who are 7 years or younger shall be placed in an appropriate child seat while children older than 7 years shall be able to have their feet reaching the pedals f Helmet use is required for motorcycles, defined as two or three wheeled vehicles powered by a mechanical engine of 125 cc or more. The use of motorcycles with an engine of less than 125cc is forbidden on public roads g Helmet provisions introduced by the Traffic Act 2017, at december 2017, the notice of commencment had not yet been signed h Does not apply to mopeds i Only required on roads where vehicles may be driven at a speed higher than the normal limit 357 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Motorcycle helmet law Children passengers on motorcycles Enforcement Helmet wearing rate (%)National motorcycle helmet law Applies to driver Applies to adult passengers Applies to all roads Applies to all engines Helmet fastening required Standard referred to and / or specified Tunisia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited under 6 yrs 3 Turkey Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 9 75% All riders Turkmenistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Prohibited under 12 yrs 9 Uganda Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 5 49% Drivers, 1% Passengers Ukraine Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs / 145 cm 3 United Arab Emirates Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 10 United Kingdom Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 9 United Republic of Tanzania Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 6 United States of America Yes Nor Nor No No No Yes Not restricteds 67.8% Drivers, 52.5% Passengers Uruguay Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited until footrests can be reached 7 80.2% Drivers, 71.2% Passengers Uzbekistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 10 Vanuatu Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 8 90% Drivers, 90% Passengers Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Prohibited under 10 yrs 3 Viet Nam Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 8 81% Drivers, 60.4% Passengers West Bank and Gaza Strip Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 5 Zimbabwe Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 8 j Reference is made to regulations to specify the types, shape and construction of helmets k Children under 12 can be transported on a motorcycle provided that there is a special support installed in the rear seat l As prescribed by the responsible state administration m Restrictions for children to ride as passengers on motorcycles are only set for some types of roads (where there is heavy volume of vehicles, a high density of fast moving vehicles or a speed limit of more that 60kph). on these roads conditons for children to be allowed to ride as passengers are follows: child’s feet can reach the foot peg of the motorcycle, child’s arm can reach and grasp the waist of the driver and child is wearing a standard protective helmet n Speed limit for motorcycles transporting a child under 7 is limited to 40 km/h o Children under 14 allowed to be transported in the motorcycle sidecar and must be held in the arms under 7 p Reference is made to regulations to specify helmet types, in 2017 these regulations were in the process of being developed q only children older than 12 years old are allowed to ride as passengers on motorcycles r About 40% of the states require helmets for both drivers and passengers on motorcycles s Less than 10% of the states prohibit that children ride as passengers on motorcycles 358 TABLE A7: SEAT-BELT LAWS, ENFORCEMENT AND WEARING RATES BY COUNTRY / AREA Country / Area National seat belt law Seat belt applies to Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rates (%) Drivers Front seat passengers Rear-seat passengers Drivers only Front-seat occupants Rear-seat occupants All occupants Afghanistan No — — — — Albania Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 95 85 80 87 Angola Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 60 40 10 65 Antigua and Barbuda No — — — — Argentina Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 50.2 40.8 23.1 43.6 Armenia Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 70 70 Australia Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 97 96 Austria Yes Yes Yes Yes — 95 95 93 Azerbaijan Yes Noa Noa Noa 7 80 40 20 30 Bangladesh No — — — — Barbados Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Belarus Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 Belgium Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 91.5 92.2 85.5 91.7 Belize Yes Yes Yes No 5 Benin No — — — — Bhutan Yes Yes Yes Yes 2 Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Yes Yes No No 2 20.8 3.5 0.5 9.7 Bosnia and Herzegovina Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 48 51 11 Botswana Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Brazil Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 79.4 50.2 Bulgaria Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 80 Burkina Faso Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Burundi Yes Yes Yes Yesb 7 Cabo Verde Yes Yes Yes No 5 Cambodia Yes Yes Yes Noc 7 Cameroon Yes Yes Yes No 6 Canada Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 95.7 95.2 89.2 95.3 Central African Republic Yes Yes Yes Nod 0 Chad Yes Yes Yes No 4 Chile Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 76 59 14 49.6 China Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 36.7 Colombia Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 75 64.2 2.2 47.1 Comoros No — — — — Congo Yes Yes Yes No 2 22 4 4 359 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 TABLE A7: SEAT-BELT LAWS, ENFORCEMENT AND WEARING RATES BY COUNTRY / AREA Country / Area National seat belt law Seat belt applies to Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rates (%) Drivers Front seat passengers Rear-seat passengers Drivers only Front-seat occupants Rear-seat occupants All occupants Afghanistan No — — — — Albania Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 95 85 80 87 Angola Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 60 40 10 65 Antigua and Barbuda No — — — — Argentina Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 50.2 40.8 23.1 43.6 Armenia Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 70 70 Australia Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 97 96 Austria Yes Yes Yes Yes — 95 95 93 Azerbaijan Yes Noa Noa Noa 7 80 40 20 30 Bangladesh No — — — — Barbados Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Belarus Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 Belgium Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 91.5 92.2 85.5 91.7 Belize Yes Yes Yes No 5 Benin No — — — — Bhutan Yes Yes Yes Yes 2 Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Yes Yes No No 2 20.8 3.5 0.5 9.7 Bosnia and Herzegovina Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 48 51 11 Botswana Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Brazil Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 79.4 50.2 Bulgaria Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 80 Burkina Faso Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Burundi Yes Yes Yes Yesb 7 Cabo Verde Yes Yes Yes No 5 Cambodia Yes Yes Yes Noc 7 Cameroon Yes Yes Yes No 6 Canada Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 95.7 95.2 89.2 95.3 Central African Republic Yes Yes Yes Nod 0 Chad Yes Yes Yes No 4 Chile Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 76 59 14 49.6 China Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 36.7 Colombia Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 75 64.2 2.2 47.1 Comoros No — — — — Congo Yes Yes Yes No 2 22 4 4 360 Country / Area National seat belt law Seat belt applies to Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rates (%) Drivers Front seat passengers Rear-seat passengers Drivers only Front-seat occupants Rear-seat occupants All occupants Cook Islands No — — — — Costa Rica Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 77.8 75.1 35.6 76.7 Côte d’Ivoire Yes Yes Yes No 4 Croatia Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 61.1 61.9 13.9 58 Cuba Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 35 30 Cyprus Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Czechia Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 95 98 72 Democratic Republic of the Congo Yes Yes Yes No 5 Denmark Yes Yes Yes Yes — 88/89/96 96 91 Dominica Yes Yes Yes Yes 1 Dominican Republic Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 45 18 5 34 Ecuador Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 80 26 2 36 Egypt Yes Yes Yes No 7 El Salvador Yes Yes Yes No 7 Equatorial Guinea Yes Yes Yes No 2 Eritrea Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 80 80 Estonia Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 97.8 97.3 81.8 95 Eswatini Yes Yes Yes No 9 Ethiopia Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 < 1 Fiji Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 90 75 5 72 Finland Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 96 95 85 94 France Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 98 88 Gabon Yes Yes Yes No 7 Gambia Yes Yes Yes No 6 Georgia Yes Yes Yes No 8 70 60 Germany Yes Yes Yes Yes 98 98 99 98 Ghana Yes Yes Yes Yes 3 55.6 18.4 3.5 35 Greece Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 77 74 23 72 Grenada Yes Yes Yes No 8 Guatemala Yes Yes Yes No 4 Guinea Yes Yes Yes No 3 Guinea-Bissau Yes Yes Yes No 1 Guyana Yes Yes Yes No 8 95 95 42 Honduras Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 361 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area National seat belt law Seat belt applies to Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rates (%) Drivers Front seat passengers Rear-seat passengers Drivers only Front-seat occupants Rear-seat occupants All occupants Cook Islands No — — — — Costa Rica Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 77.8 75.1 35.6 76.7 Côte d’Ivoire Yes Yes Yes No 4 Croatia Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 61.1 61.9 13.9 58 Cuba Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 35 30 Cyprus Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Czechia Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 95 98 72 Democratic Republic of the Congo Yes Yes Yes No 5 Denmark Yes Yes Yes Yes — 88/89/96 96 91 Dominica Yes Yes Yes Yes 1 Dominican Republic Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 45 18 5 34 Ecuador Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 80 26 2 36 Egypt Yes Yes Yes No 7 El Salvador Yes Yes Yes No 7 Equatorial Guinea Yes Yes Yes No 2 Eritrea Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 80 80 Estonia Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 97.8 97.3 81.8 95 Eswatini Yes Yes Yes No 9 Ethiopia Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 < 1 Fiji Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 90 75 5 72 Finland Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 96 95 85 94 France Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 98 88 Gabon Yes Yes Yes No 7 Gambia Yes Yes Yes No 6 Georgia Yes Yes Yes No 8 70 60 Germany Yes Yes Yes Yes 98 98 99 98 Ghana Yes Yes Yes Yes 3 55.6 18.4 3.5 35 Greece Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 77 74 23 72 Grenada Yes Yes Yes No 8 Guatemala Yes Yes Yes No 4 Guinea Yes Yes Yes No 3 Guinea-Bissau Yes Yes Yes No 1 Guyana Yes Yes Yes No 8 95 95 42 Honduras Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 362 Country / Area National seat belt law Seat belt applies to Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rates (%) Drivers Front seat passengers Rear-seat passengers Drivers only Front-seat occupants Rear-seat occupants All occupants Hungary Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 81.7 82.8 38.5 81 Iceland Yes Yes Yes Yes 9 90 93 86 90 India Yes Yes Yes Yes 3 14 - 40 3.5 - 11 Indonesia Yes Yes Yes No 8 69 Iran (Islamic Republic of) Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 95 93 15 68.5 Iraq Yes Yes No No 5 Ireland Yes Yes Yes Yes 10 92 94 74 91 Israel Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 91.2 88.7 69.7 87.9 Italy Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 61.9 15.4 Jamaica Yes Yes Yes Yes 3 51 54 4 Japan Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 99.5/98.5e 98/94.9f 71.8/36 94.9/89.5 Jordan Yes Yes Yes No 6 Kazakhstan Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Kenya Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 Kiribati Yes Yes Yes Yes 0 Kuwait Yes Yes Yes No 5 Kyrgyzstan Yes Noa Noa Noa 7 Lao People’s Democratic Republic Yes Yes Yes No 2 Latvia Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 81 84.7 53.0 Lebanon Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 Lesotho Yes Yes Yes No 7 Liberia No — — — — Libya Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Lithuania Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 97 30 94 Luxembourg Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 93 90 76 92 Madagascar Yes Yes Yes No 5 Malawi Yes Yes Yes No 3 25.8 21 Malaysia Yes Yes Yes No 4 82.9 73.8 9.6 48.4 Maldives Yes Nof Nog Nog 5 Mali Yesg Noh Noh Noh 4 20 Malta Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Mauritania Yes Yes Yes Noh 3 Mauritius Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 93.8 97.4 0.2 Mexico No No No No 6 81.4 49 5.6 58.9 363 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area National seat belt law Seat belt applies to Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rates (%) Drivers Front seat passengers Rear-seat passengers Drivers only Front-seat occupants Rear-seat occupants All occupants Hungary Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 81.7 82.8 38.5 81 Iceland Yes Yes Yes Yes 9 90 93 86 90 India Yes Yes Yes Yes 3 14 - 40 3.5 - 11 Indonesia Yes Yes Yes No 8 69 Iran (Islamic Republic of) Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 95 93 15 68.5 Iraq Yes Yes No No 5 Ireland Yes Yes Yes Yes 10 92 94 74 91 Israel Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 91.2 88.7 69.7 87.9 Italy Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 61.9 15.4 Jamaica Yes Yes Yes Yes 3 51 54 4 Japan Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 99.5/98.5e 98/94.9f 71.8/36 94.9/89.5 Jordan Yes Yes Yes No 6 Kazakhstan Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Kenya Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 Kiribati Yes Yes Yes Yes 0 Kuwait Yes Yes Yes No 5 Kyrgyzstan Yes Noa Noa Noa 7 Lao People’s Democratic Republic Yes Yes Yes No 2 Latvia Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 81 84.7 53.0 Lebanon Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 Lesotho Yes Yes Yes No 7 Liberia No — — — — Libya Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Lithuania Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 97 30 94 Luxembourg Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 93 90 76 92 Madagascar Yes Yes Yes No 5 Malawi Yes Yes Yes No 3 25.8 21 Malaysia Yes Yes Yes No 4 82.9 73.8 9.6 48.4 Maldives Yes Nof Nog Nog 5 Mali Yesg Noh Noh Noh 4 20 Malta Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Mauritania Yes Yes Yes Noh 3 Mauritius Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 93.8 97.4 0.2 Mexico No No No No 6 81.4 49 5.6 58.9 364 Country / Area National seat belt law Seat belt applies to Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rates (%) Drivers Front seat passengers Rear-seat passengers Drivers only Front-seat occupants Rear-seat occupants All occupants Micronesia (Federated States of) No — — — — Mongolia Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 Montenegro Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 60 40 5 35 Morocco Yes Yes Yes Noi 8 66.7 63.2 22.3 64 Mozambique Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Myanmar Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 7.4 Namibia Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Nepal Yes Yes Yes No 5 Netherlands Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 96.9 96.6 82 95.8 New Zealand Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 97 97 92 Niger No — — — — Nigeria Yes Yes Yes Yes 9 Norway Yes Yes Yes Yes 10 95.9 - 97.7j 95.2 - 95.7k 94.7 - 96k Oman Yes Yes Yes Yes 10 98 Pakistan Yes Yes No No 6 Panama Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Papua New Guinea Yes Yes Yes Yes — Paraguay Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Peru Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 58.2 15.8 0.4 32.3 Philippines Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 79.7 Poland Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 95 96 76 94 Portugal Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 96.4 95.7 77.2 94.9 Qatar Yes Yes Yes No 7 Republic of Korea Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 94 83 30 84 Republic of Moldova Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 65.5 61.8 17.5 Romania Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Russian Federation Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 76 - 86 66 - 83 20 - 50 Rwanda Yes Yes Yes No 8 Saint Lucia Yes Yes Yes No 7 Samoa Yes Yes Yes No 10 100 100 100 100 San Marino Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 Sao Tome and Principe Yes Yes Yes No 2 Saudi Arabia Yes Yes Yes Yes 3 Senegal Yes Yes Yes No 6 365 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area National seat belt law Seat belt applies to Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rates (%) Drivers Front seat passengers Rear-seat passengers Drivers only Front-seat occupants Rear-seat occupants All occupants Micronesia (Federated States of) No — — — — Mongolia Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 Montenegro Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 60 40 5 35 Morocco Yes Yes Yes Noi 8 66.7 63.2 22.3 64 Mozambique Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Myanmar Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 7.4 Namibia Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Nepal Yes Yes Yes No 5 Netherlands Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 96.9 96.6 82 95.8 New Zealand Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 97 97 92 Niger No — — — — Nigeria Yes Yes Yes Yes 9 Norway Yes Yes Yes Yes 10 95.9 - 97.7j 95.2 - 95.7k 94.7 - 96k Oman Yes Yes Yes Yes 10 98 Pakistan Yes Yes No No 6 Panama Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Papua New Guinea Yes Yes Yes Yes — Paraguay Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Peru Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 58.2 15.8 0.4 32.3 Philippines Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 79.7 Poland Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 95 96 76 94 Portugal Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 96.4 95.7 77.2 94.9 Qatar Yes Yes Yes No 7 Republic of Korea Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 94 83 30 84 Republic of Moldova Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 65.5 61.8 17.5 Romania Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Russian Federation Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 76 - 86 66 - 83 20 - 50 Rwanda Yes Yes Yes No 8 Saint Lucia Yes Yes Yes No 7 Samoa Yes Yes Yes No 10 100 100 100 100 San Marino Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 Sao Tome and Principe Yes Yes Yes No 2 Saudi Arabia Yes Yes Yes Yes 3 Senegal Yes Yes Yes No 6 366 Country / Area National seat belt law Seat belt applies to Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rates (%) Drivers Front seat passengers Rear-seat passengers Drivers only Front-seat occupants Rear-seat occupants All occupants Serbia Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 77.0 75.1 10.1 66.2 Seychelles Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Singapore Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 Slovakia Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 Slovenia Yes Yes Yes Yes 9 90.4 91.8 68.6 82.2 Solomon Islands No — — — — Somalia No — — — — South Africa Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 33 31 South Sudan No — — — — Spain Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 90.3 90.5 80.6 88.3 Sri Lanka Yes Yes Yes No 8 75 75 75 Sudan Yes Yes Yes No 5 Suriname Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 75 75 8 Sweden Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 98 96 90 97 Switzerland Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 94 94 86 Syrian Arab Republic Yes Yes Yes No 7 90 90 Tajikistan Yes Yes Yes No 3 Thailand Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 58 40 The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 21 19.8 3.1 14.6 Timor-Leste Yes Yes Yes Yes 2 Togo Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Tonga No — — — — Trinidad and Tobago Yes Yes Yes No 8 Tunisia Yes Yes Yes Yes 3 Turkey Yes Yes Yes Yes 9 50.1 40.6 Turkmenistan Yes Yes Yes Yes 10 Uganda Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 Ukraine Yes Yes Yes Yes 3 United Arab Emirates Yes Yes Yes Yes 10 United Kingdom Yes Yes Yes Yes 10 95.3 - 98k 94.6 - 98l 90.3 - 94l 97.5 - 98l United Republic of Tanzania Yes Yes Yes No 8 United States of America Yes Yes Yes Nol — 90.5 90.1 74.8 90.1 Uruguay Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 69.1 62.8 33 62.8 367 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area National seat belt law Seat belt applies to Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rates (%) Drivers Front seat passengers Rear-seat passengers Drivers only Front-seat occupants Rear-seat occupants All occupants Serbia Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 77.0 75.1 10.1 66.2 Seychelles Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Singapore Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 Slovakia Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 Slovenia Yes Yes Yes Yes 9 90.4 91.8 68.6 82.2 Solomon Islands No — — — — Somalia No — — — — South Africa Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 33 31 South Sudan No — — — — Spain Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 90.3 90.5 80.6 88.3 Sri Lanka Yes Yes Yes No 8 75 75 75 Sudan Yes Yes Yes No 5 Suriname Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 75 75 8 Sweden Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 98 96 90 97 Switzerland Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 94 94 86 Syrian Arab Republic Yes Yes Yes No 7 90 90 Tajikistan Yes Yes Yes No 3 Thailand Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 58 40 The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 21 19.8 3.1 14.6 Timor-Leste Yes Yes Yes Yes 2 Togo Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Tonga No — — — — Trinidad and Tobago Yes Yes Yes No 8 Tunisia Yes Yes Yes Yes 3 Turkey Yes Yes Yes Yes 9 50.1 40.6 Turkmenistan Yes Yes Yes Yes 10 Uganda Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 Ukraine Yes Yes Yes Yes 3 United Arab Emirates Yes Yes Yes Yes 10 United Kingdom Yes Yes Yes Yes 10 95.3 - 98k 94.6 - 98l 90.3 - 94l 97.5 - 98l United Republic of Tanzania Yes Yes Yes No 8 United States of America Yes Yes Yes Nol — 90.5 90.1 74.8 90.1 Uruguay Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 69.1 62.8 33 62.8 368 Country / Area National seat belt law Seat belt applies to Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rates (%) Drivers Front seat passengers Rear-seat passengers Drivers only Front-seat occupants Rear-seat occupants All occupants Uzbekistan Yes Yes No No 5 Vanuatu Yes Yes Yes No 2 41 20 10 20 Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Viet Nam Yes Yes Yes No 6 West Bank and Gaza Strip Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Zimbabwe Yes Yes Yes No 7 a The obligation to use seat belt does not apply in residential areas nor for children under 12 b Legislation requires drivers and passengers «and particularly those sitting in the front» to use a seat belt c Obligation to use seat belts for all passengers only applies outside cities and densely populated areas. Inside cities and densely populated areas, only the driver and front seat passenger sare required to wear a seat belt d Rear seat passengers as children under 12 are not subject to the obligation to use a seat belt e Percentage are for expressways and other roads, respectively f Only required on roads where vehicles may be driven at a speed higher than the normal limit g Seat belts are only required outside cities h The use of seat belt for rear seat passengers is only required outside urban areas i For rear seat passengers, seat-belt required only outside cities j Percentages reflect «urban» and «outside urban» areas, respectively k Percentage are for «England and Scotland» and «NI», respectively l About 40% of the states do not require seat belt for rear seats passengers 369 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area National seat belt law Seat belt applies to Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rates (%) Drivers Front seat passengers Rear-seat passengers Drivers only Front-seat occupants Rear-seat occupants All occupants Uzbekistan Yes Yes No No 5 Vanuatu Yes Yes Yes No 2 41 20 10 20 Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Viet Nam Yes Yes Yes No 6 West Bank and Gaza Strip Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Zimbabwe Yes Yes Yes No 7 370 TABLE A8: CHILD RESTRAINTS LAWS, ENFORCEMENT AND PERCENTAGE/ RATES OF CHILD RESTRAINT USE BY COUNTRY / AREA Country / Area Child restraint systems law Children seated in front seat Enforcement Percentage of children using child restraints National child restraint law Up to Child restraints required Standard referred to and / or specified Afghanistan No — — Not restricted — – Albania Yes Up to 4 yrs Yes Allowed in a child restrainta 6 – Angola Yes Up to 12 yrs / 36 kg / 150 cm Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs /150 cm 5 – Antigua and Barbuda No — — Not restricted — – Argentina Yes Up to 4 yrsb No Prohibited under 10 yrs — 26.4 Armenia No — — Allowed in a child restraintc — – Australia Yes Up to 7 yrs Yes Prohibited under 7 yrsd 7 – Austria Yes Up to 14 yrs / 150 cm Yes Allowed in a child restraint — 97 (Rear seats) Azerbaijan Noe — — Allowed in a child restrainte — – Bangladesh No — — Not restricted — – Barbados Yes Up to 4 yrs Yes Prohibited under 4 yrs 4 – Belarus Yes Up to 5 yrsf Yes Allowed in a child restraintg 8 – Belgium Yes Up to 18 yrs / 135 cm Yes h Allowed in a child restrainti 5 89 Belize No — — Not restricted — – Benin No — — Not restricted — — Bhutan No — — Not restricted — – Bolivia (Plurinational State of) No — — Not restricted — — Bosnia and Herzegovina Yes Up to 12 yrsj No Prohibited under 12 yrsk 8l 40 Botswana Yes Up to 5 yrs No Prohibited under 5 yrs 5 – Brazil Yes Up to 7.5 yrs Yes Prohibited under 10 yrs 7 57 Bulgaria Yes Up to 150 cm Yes Allowed in a child restrainti 6 – Burkina Faso Yes Up to 8 yrs No Prohibited under 7 yrs 0 – Burundi No — — Prohibited under 13 yrs — — Cabo Verde Nom — — Allowed in a child restraintn — – Cambodia Yeso Up to 4 yrs No Prohibited under 10 yrsp 0 – Cameroon No — — Not restricted — — Canada Yes —q Yes Allowed in a child restraint 8 91 Central African Republic No — — Not restrictedr — – Chad No — — Not restricted — — 371 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Child restraint systems law Children seated in front seat Enforcement Percentage of children using child restraints National child restraint law Up to Child restraints required Standard referred to and / or specified Chile Yes Up to 8 yrs / 33 kg / 135 cm Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 4 73 China No — — Not restricted — – Colombia Nos — — Prohibited under 10 yrs — 7.1 Comoros No — — Not restricted — — Congo No — — Not restricted — – Cook Islands No — — Not restricted — — Costa Rica Yes Up to 12 yrs / 145 cm No Prohibited under 12 yrs / 145 cm 5 – Côte d’Ivoire No — — Not restricted — — Croatia Yes Up to 135 - 150 cmt No Prohibited under 150 cm 5 — Cuba Nou — — Prohibited under 12 yrs — – Cyprus Yes Up to 135 - 150 cmt Yes Allowed in a child restraint i 6 – Czechia Yes Up to 36 kg / 150 cm Yes Allowed in a child restraint i 8 – Democratic Republic of the Congo No — — Prohibited under 12 yrs — — Denmark Yes Up to 135 cm Yes Allowed in a child restraintv — 97 Dominica No — — Not restricted — — Dominican Republic Yes Up to 6 yrsw Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 4 – Ecuador Yesx —x No Prohibited under 12 yrs 5 15 Egypt No — — Prohibited under 7 yrs — — El Salvador Yes Up to 2 yrs / 15 kg No Not restricted y — — Equatorial Guinea No — — Not restricted — – Eritrea Noz — — Prohibited under 9 yrsaa — – Estonia Yesab — No Not restricted 8 98 Eswatini No — — Not restricted — — Ethiopia Noac — — Prohibited under 13 yrs — – Fiji Yesad Up to 8 yrs No Allowed in a child restraint 3 – Finland Yes Up to 135 cm Yes Allowed in a child restrainti 8 97 France Yes Up to 10 yrs Yes Prohibited under 10 yrsae 9 – 372 Country / Area Child restraint systems law Children seated in front seat Enforcement Percentage of children using child restraints National child restraint law Up to Child restraints required Standard referred to and / or specified Gabon No — — Not restricted — — Gambia Yes Up to 5 yrs No Allowed in a child restraint — — Georgia No — — Prohibited under 12 yrs — – Germany Yes Up to 12 yrs / 150 cm Yes Allowed in a child restraint — 97 - 99 Ghana No — — Prohibited under 5 yrsaf — – Greece Yes Up to 135 - 150 cmag Yes Allowed in a child restraint 2 67 Grenada No — — Not restricted — — Guatemala No — — Not restricted — — Guinea Yes Up to 18 mthsah No Prohibited under 10 yrs — – Guinea-Bissau Yes Up to 12 yrs /135 cm No Prohibited under 12 yrs / 135 cm 0 – Guyana Yesai — No Not restricted 0 – Honduras Noaj — — Prohibited under 12 yrs — — Hungary Yes Up to 135 - 150 cmak Yes Allowed in a child restraint 7 67 Iceland Yes Up to 135 cm Yes Allowed in a child restraintal 9 93 India No — — Not restricted — — Indonesia No — — Not restricted — – Iran (Islamic Republic of) No — — Prohibited under 12 yrs — – Iraq No — — Prohibitedam — — Ireland Yes Up to 36 kg / 150 cm Yes Allowed in a child restraint i 10 – Israel Yes Up to 8 yrsan Yes Allowed in a child restraint 6 52 Italy Yes Up to 150 cm Yes Allowed in a child restrainti 6 38 Jamaica Yesai — Yes Not restricted 2 – Japan Yes Up to 6 yrs Yes Allowed in a child restraint 7 64 Jordan No — — Prohibited under 10 yrs — – Kazakhstan Yes —ao Yesao Allowed in a child restraint 7 – Kenya No — — Not restricted — — Kiribati Noap — — Not restricted — — Kuwait No — — Prohibited under 10 yrs — — 373 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Child restraint systems law Children seated in front seat Enforcement Percentage of children using child restraints National child restraint law Up to Child restraints required Standard referred to and / or specified Kyrgyzstan Noaq — — Allowed in a child restraintar — – Lao People’s Democratic Republic Yes as — No Not restricted 1 – Latvia Yes Up to 150 cm No Allowed in a child restraintat 7 – Lebanon Yes Up to 5 yrsau No Prohibited under 10 yrs 3 – Lesotho No — — Not restricted — — Liberia No — — Not restricted — — Libya No — — Not restricted — – Lithuania Yes Up to 135 cm Yes Allowed in a child restraintav 8 – Luxembourg Yes Up to 17 yrs / 150 cm Yes Allowed in a child restraint i 8 – Madagascar No — — Prohibited under 5 yrs — – Malawi No — — Not restricted — — Malaysia No — — Not restricted — — Maldives No — — Not restricted — – Mali Noaw — — Prohibited under 10 yrs — – Malta Yes Up to 3 yrsax Yes Allowed in a child restraint 3 – Mauritania No — — Prohibited under 10 yrs — — Mauritius No — — Prohibited under 10 yrs — — Mexico No — — Not restricted — 13.7 Micronesia (Federated States of) No — — Not restricted — — Mongolia No — — Not restricted — – Montenegro Yes Up to 5 yrs No Prohibited under 12 yrsay 4 – Morocco No — — Prohibited under 10 yrs — – Mozambique Yes Up to 12 yrs No Prohibited under 12 yrsaz 4 – Myanmar No — — Not restricted — – Namibia Noba — — Not restricted — – Nepal No — — Not restricted — – Netherlands Yes Up to 18 yrs / 135 cm Yes Allowed in a child restraint i 6 – New Zealand Yes Up to 7 yrs No Allowed in a child restraint 8 93 and 95bb Niger No — — Not restricted — – 374 Country / Area Child restraint systems law Children seated in front seat Enforcement Percentage of children using child restraints National child restraint law Up to Child restraints required Standard referred to and / or specified Nigeria Yes Up to 7 yrs No Prohibited under 7 yrs 3 – Norway Yes Up to 135 - 150 cmbc Yes Allowed in a child restraint i 10 – Oman Yes Up to 4 yrs No Prohibited under 10 yrs 7 – Pakistan No — — Not restricted — – Panama Nobd — — Prohibited under 5 yrs — – Papua New Guinea No — — Not restrictedbe — — Paraguay Yes Up to 5 yrs No Prohibited under 10 yrs 2 – Peru Yes Up to 3 yrsbf Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 1 <1 Philippines No — — Prohibited under 6 yrsbg — — Poland Yes Up to 135 - 150 cmbc Yes Allowed in a child restraint i 7 93 Portugal Yes Up to 12 yrs / 135 cm Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs /135 cmbh 8 91 - 100 Qatar No — — Prohibited under 10 yrs — 72 Republic of Korea Nobi — — Allowed in a child restraintbj — 40 - 42 Republic of Moldova Yesbk — No Prohibited under 12 yrs 8 50 Romania Yes Up to 135 cm Yes Allowed in a child restraintbl 7 – Russian Federation Yesbm Up to 7 yrsbn Yes Allowed in a child restraintbo 7 49 - 52 Rwanda No — — Not restricted — — Saint Lucia No — — Not restricted — — Samoa Nobp — — Not restrictedbq — – San Marino Yes Up to 150 cm Yes Allowed in a child restraint 8 – Sao Tome and Principe Nobr — — Prohibited under 12 yrs / 150 cmbs — – Saudi Arabia Yes —bt No Prohibited under 10 yrs 1 – Senegal No — — Not restricted — – Serbia Yes Up to 3 yrs Yes Prohibited under 12 yrsbu 3 28 Seychelles Yesbv —bw No Not restricted 5 – Singapore Yes Up to 135 cm Yes Allowed in a child restraint 8 – Slovakia Yes Up to 150 cm Yes Allowed in a child restrainti 8 – Slovenia Yes Up to 150 cm No Allowed in a child restrainti 9 – 375 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Child restraint systems law Children seated in front seat Enforcement Percentage of children using child restraints National child restraint law Up to Child restraints required Standard referred to and / or specified Solomon Islands No — — Not restricted — — Somalia No — — Not restricted — – South Africa Yes Up to 3 yrs Yes Not restrictedbx 5 – South Sudan No — — Not restricted — — Spain Yes Up to 135 cm Yes Prohibited under 135 cmby 8 88 Sri Lanka No — — Not restricted — – Sudan No — — Prohibited under 10 yrs — – Suriname Yesbz —bz No Allowed in a child restraint 4 – Sweden Yes Up to 135 cm Yes Allowed in a child restrainti 6 96 Switzerland Yes Up to 12 yrs / 150 cmca Yes Allowed in a child restraint 7 93 Syrian Arab Republic No — — Prohibited under 12 yrs — – Tajikistan Nocb — — Allowed in a child restraintcc — – Thailand No — — Not restricted — – The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Yes Up to 5 yrs No Prohibited under 12 yrs cd 7 – Timor-Leste No — — Prohibited under 12 yrsce — – Togo No — — Not restricted — — Tonga No — — Not restricted — — Trinidad and Tobago Yes Up to 5 yrs Yes Prohibited under 5 yrs 3 – Tunisia No — — Prohibited under 10 yrs — – Turkey Yes Up to 36 kg / 135 - 150 cmcf Yes Allowed in a child restraint i 9 – Turkmenistan Nocg — — Allowed in a child restraintch — – Uganda No — — Not restricted — — Ukraine Yesci — No Allowed in a child restraintcj 2 – United Arab Emirates Yes Up to 4 yrs ck Yes Prohibited under 10 yrs / 145 cm 7 – United Kingdom Yes Up to 12 yrs / 135 cm Yes Allowed in a child restraint 10 95 (NI) United Republic of Tanzania No — — Not restricted — — United States of America Yes —cl Yes Allowed in a child restraint — 89 376 Country / Area Child restraint systems law Children seated in front seat Enforcement Percentage of children using child restraints National child restraint law Up to Child restraints required Standard referred to and / or specified Uruguay Yes Up to 12 yrs / 36 kg / 150 cm Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs / 150 cm 4 23 Uzbekistan No — — Allowed in a child restraint — — Vanuatu Nocm — — Allowed in a child restraintcn — – Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Yes co — No Prohibited under 10 yrs 3 – Viet Nam No — — Not restricted — — West Bank and Gaza Strip Yes Up to 14 yrs Yes cp Allowed in a child restraint 3 – Zimbabwe No — — Prohibited under 10 yrs — – a Children under 12 years can travel in the front if placed in an appropriate restraining device (with airbag deactivated for rear-facing restraint) b A 2018 amendment (not covered in the review period ending at December 2017) raised the age for mandatory child restraint use to 10 years old c Transport of children under 12 years in the front seat shall be made in a «child protecting device» d In no circumstances are children under 4 years allowed to sit in the front. Children from 4 to 7 years can sit in the front only if there is no room for them in the back due to the back seats being occupied by other children under 7 years e Child restraint systems are only required for children under 12 years seated in the front f For children aged 5-12 years, either CRS or «other means» (than CRS) can be used to secure the child using the seat belt g If rear-facing child restraints, airbag shall be deactivated h All child restraints sold in Belgium must comply with UNECE regulation i Provided that airbag is deactivated if child is in a rear-facing child restraint system j Children aged 5-12 years can be either restrained in a booster seat or in a child restraint k By exception, a child under 2 years can be seated in the front if there is no airbag installed or if the airbag is deactivated when the child is seated in a rear-facing seat l Data only for Republic od Srpska m The legislation refers to the use of either child restraint systems or seat-belts for children n Children under 12 yrs / 150 cm shall normally sit in the rear except if placed in a suitable restraint o Enters into force in January 2020 p Ban on children under 10 years travelling in front seats enters into force in January 2020 q Child restraint laws are enacted at subnational level. While all provinces require the use of child restraints, they provide different age / height criteria to specify the period for mandatory use of child restraint / booster seats r Legislation only recommends («as far as possible») to place children under 12 years in the rear s A child under 2 years travelling with a driver only shall be placed in a child restraint. If there is an adult passenger, the child can be held by the adult instead of being placed in a child restraint. t A child of height 135-150 cm can be restrained with an adult seat belt only provided that this child sits in the rear of the car u Children under 2 years shall be either accompanied by adults or restrained with special accessories 377 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 v Provided that airbag is deactivated if a rear-facing restraint is used w Children aged 6-12 years shall be placed in a booster seat x The legislation refers to seat belt or child restraints for children under 12 years but does not yet specify a minimum age / height / weight under which only child restraint systems can be used y Except for children under 2 yrs old or 15 kg who are required to be transported in a child restraint z Legislation refers to the use of child restraint or seat belts for «children over 9» while children under 3 years are required to be placed in a restraint only while seated in the front aa Except for an infant under 3 years fitted in a proper restraint ab The legislation generally states that children not tall enough to wear a seat belt must be secured by a safety device corresponding to the height and weight of the child but does not specify age / height / weight group covered ac Legislation requires that children under 7 years be either accompanied by an adult or «hugged by an instrument made for safety purpose» ad The obligation to use a child restraint for children under 8 years sitting in the rear is subject to the availability of a restraint system in the car ae By exception, children under 10 years can sit in the front if placed in a rear-facing child restraint (if front airbag is deactivated) or if there are no available rear seats af Under the road traffic act, children aged 5 years and below shall not sit in the front, while under the road traffic regulations they can sit in the front if placed in a child restraint ag The use of seat belt is allowed for children of height 135-150 cm sitting in the rear ah The legislation refers to homologated seats for children under 18 months and to cribs and hammocks for children under 10 years ai The legislation refers to child restraint system for children but does not specify the age / height group covered by this obligation aj Legislation refers to the protection of children under 5 years but does not specify which form this protection takes ak Children of height 135 - 150 cm can be restrained with seat belts only if they sit in the back al Seating of children under 150 cm allowed in the front only if front airbag deactivated am The law prohibits children to sit in the front but does not specify the age, size or weight of children concerned an For children under 3 years, a child restraint is required (an a rear facing child restraint for children under one year) while for children aged 3-8 years the legislation refers either to child restraint or booster seat use ao The legislation requires that children under 12 years be placed in a child restraint or «other means» used in conjunction with a seat belt ap The traffic act 2017 requires children aged 1-16 years to be either seated in the back with a seat belt or restrained by passenger over 16 yrs aq Legislation only refers to the use of child restraints for children under 12 years travelling in the front ar Children under 12 years travelling in the front of a car must be placed in a child restraint as The law states that children unable to wear normal seat belts must be placed in a child restraint seat but no specific age / weight / height is specified at Except if no seat belt is fitted in the vehicle, in which case children under 150 cm shall be travelling in the rear au Legislation refers to regulations to further specify the child restraint rules av If transported in rear facing restraints, airbag must be deactivated aw Children under 13 years can be restrained either by a child restraint systems or a seat belt ax Legislation refers to child restraint use for children up to 12 yrs /150 cm but allows children aged 3 year and over, in the absence of an available restraint, to travel in the rear without a restraint. For children under 3 years, a child restraint shall be mandatorily used ay By exception, a child under 3 years can be transported in the front of the vehicle if placed in a rear-facing restraint provided that airbag is deactivated az Except for infants under 3 years in a rear-facing child restraint air airbag deactivated ba The law requires the use of child restraints for children (defined as people between the age of 3 and 14) if available or the use of a seat belt if a child restraint is not available if an unoccupied seat fitted with a seat belt is available bb 93% 0-4 years, 95% 5-9 years bc Child restraints are required for children under 150 cm. By exception, children of height 135-150 cm can be restrained with a seat belt only if sitting in the rear bd Children under 2 years shall be placed in a child restraint only where there is no other passenger seated in the rear be Children can sit in the front as long as they are using a seat belt bf Legislation requires the use of the seat belt for children from 3-12 years old bg Ban on front seating set for children aged 6 years and below bh Except for children under 3 years in a rear-facing child restraint with airbag deactivated bi Only required for small children (defined as children under 6) sitting in the front bj Safety seats required for small children (defined as children under 6) sitting in the front bk The legislation refers to the use of child restraint systems or other means to transport children under 12 years bl If in accordance with the manufacturer’s instruction and for rear-facing restraint if airbag is deactivated bm Since 2017, child restraint systems are the only form of restraint allowed for children under 7 years old (before the 2017 revision, children under 12 were to be restrained either in a child restraint or by «other means») bn For children aged 7-11 years old (included) sitting in the rear, child restraint or seat belt can be used bo Children up to 11 years old (included) while sitting in the front shall be placed in a child restraint, children aged 12 years and more can sit in the front without a child restraint bp Legislation refers to either child restraint or seat belt to restrain children under 12 years bq Except if child restraint or seat belt are available in the front seat br Legislation refers to either child restraint or seat belt use to transport children bs Except if the vehicle does not have rear seats provided and such transportation is made in a child restraint (with airbag deactivated if a rear-facing restraint is being used) bt Reference is made to special seats to be used for children with no details as to the specific age / height under which children should be mandatorily placed in them bu Except for children under 3 years if airbag is deactivated bv The legislation refers to the use of child restraint systems for infant or child passenger but does not refer to a specific age/ height up to which the use of child restraint is mandatory 378 bw Obligation not based on age / height or weight bx Obligation to place children in the rear only applies in vehicles not fitted with seat belts and having rear seats by Front seating for children under 135 cm is only allowed as an exception if there are no seats in the back or all other seats are occupied by children bz For children under 10 years, the legislation refers to the use of child restraint system (CRS) where available and appropriate, and specifies that in the absence of child restraint, seat belts are to be used ca Children under 12 years and less than 150 cm shall be placed in a child restraint cb Legislation refers to the use of child restraints or «other means» to secure children up to 12 years old but allows the transport of children under 12 years on the knees of an adult passenger seated in the back with the seat belt fastened cc Front seating of children under 12 years allowed if a child restraint is being used cd Except for children under 2 years in a rear-facing child restraint if airbag is deactivated ce Unless the vehicle does not have a back seat and such transportation is carried out by using an approved child restraint, appropriate to the child’s size and weight cf Child restraints are required for children under 150 cm, by exception, children of height 135-150 cm can be restrained with a seat belt only if they sit in the back cg Special seating equipment for children under 12 years is only mentioned only in relation with front seating ch Law does not specifically refer to child restraint system but to «special seating equipment» for children under 12 years ci The legislation refers to the use of «special means» to be used in conjunction with the seat belt to restraint children under 12 years and 145 cm cj No specific reference to child restraint but to «special means» for children under 145 cm and 12 years sitting in the front ck Child restraints are required for children aged 4 and below cl Child restraint laws are enacted at subnational level. While all states require the use of child restraints, they provide different age / weight / height criteria to specify the period for mandatory use of child restraints/ booster seats cm Legislation allows that infants (defined as children under 3 years) be held by a responsible person as an alternative to using special seats cn Infant (defined as children under 3 years) shall be placed in a restraining seat while travelling in the front co The law requires «infants» to use «special seats for that purpose» but does not specify the age for children falling into the «infants» category cp Law refers to a device of the type validated by the lincesing authrotiy to restraint children under 14 years 379 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 TABLE A9: MOBILE PHONE LAWS BY COUNTRY / AREA Country / Area National mobile phone law Mobile phone law Any data on use of mobile phone while driving Applies to hand- held phone use Applies to hands- free phone use Afghanistan No — — No Albania Yes Yes No Yes Angola Yes Yes No Yes Antigua and Barbuda No — — No Argentina Yes Yes Yes Yes Armenia Yes Yes No Yes Australia Yes Yes No Yes Austria Yes Yes No Yesa Azerbaijan Yes Yes No No Bangladesh No — — No Barbados Yes Yes No No Belarus Yes Yes No Yes Belgium Yes Yes No Yesa Belize No — — No Benin Yes Yes Yes No Bhutan Yes Yes No No Bolivia (Plurinational State of) No — — No Bosnia and Herzegovina Yes Yes No Yesa Botswana Yes Yes No Yes Brazil Yes Yes Yes Yesa Bulgaria Yes Yes No No Burkina Faso Yes Yes No No Burundi Yes Yes Yes No Cabo Verde Yes Yes No Yes Cambodia Yes Yes No No Cameroon Yes Yes Yes No Canada Yes Yes No Yesa Central African Republic Yes Yes Yes No Chad Yes Yes Yes No Chile Yes Yes No Yes China Yes Yes No Yes Colombia Yes Yes No No Comoros No — — No Congo Yes Yes Yes No 380 Country / Area National mobile phone law Mobile phone law Any data on use of mobile phone while driving Applies to hand- held phone use Applies to hands- free phone use Cook Islands No — — No Costa Rica Yes Yes No Yes Côte d’Ivoire Yes Yes Yes No Croatia Yes Yes No Yesa Cuba Yes Yes Yes Yes Cyprus Yes Yes No Yes Czechia Yes Yes No Yesa Democratic Republic of the Congo No — — No Denmark Yes Yes No No Dominica No — — — Dominican Republic Yes Yes No Yesa Ecuador Yes Yes No Yes Egypt Yes Yes No No El Salvador Yes Yes Yes Yes Equatorial Guinea Yes Yes Yes No Eritrea Yes Yes No Yes Estonia Yes Yes No Yes Eswatini Yes Yes No No Ethiopia Yes Yes Yes Yes Fiji Yes Yes Yes Yes Finland Yes Yes No Yesa France Yes Yes No Yes Gabon Yes Yes Yes No Gambia Yes Yes No No Georgia Yes Yes No Yes Germany Yes Yes No Yesa Ghana Yes Yes No No Greece Yes Yes No Yesa Grenada No — — No Guatemala Yes Yes No Yes Guinea Yes Yes No No Guinea-Bissau Yes Yes No Yes Guyana Yes Yes No Yes 381 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area National mobile phone law Mobile phone law Any data on use of mobile phone while driving Applies to hand- held phone use Applies to hands- free phone use Honduras Yes Yes Yes Yes Hungary Yes Yes No Yes Iceland Yes Yes No Yes India Yes Yes Yes Yes Indonesia Yes No No Yes Iran (Islamic Republic of) Yes Yes Yes No Iraq Yes Yes Yes No Ireland Yes Yes No Yes Israel Yes Yes No — Italy Yes Yes No Yesa Jamaica No — — Yes Japan Yes Yes No Yes Jordan Yes Yes No No Kazakhstan Yes Yes No Yes Kenya Yes Yes No No Kiribati Yes Yes No No Kuwait Yes Yes No No Kyrgyzstan Yes Yes No Yes Lao People’s Democratic Republic Yes Yes Yes No Latvia Yes Yes No No Lebanon Yes Yes Yes No Lesotho No — — No Liberia No — — No Libya Yes No No Yes Lithuania Yes Yes No Yes Luxembourg Yes Yes No No Madagascar Yes Yes No No Malawi Yes Yes No Yesa Malaysia Yes Yes No Yesa Maldives Yes Yes No No Mali Yes Yes No Yesa Malta Yes Yes No No Mauritania Yes Yes Yes Yes 382 Country / Area National mobile phone law Mobile phone law Any data on use of mobile phone while driving Applies to hand- held phone use Applies to hands- free phone use Mauritius Yes Yes Yes Yes Mexico No No No Yesa Micronesia (Federated States of) No — — No Mongolia Yes Yes No No Montenegro Yes Yes Yes Yes Morocco Yes Yes No Yesa Mozambique Yes Yes No No Myanmar No — — No Namibia Yes Yes No No Nepal No — — No Netherlands Yes Yes No Yes New Zealand Yes Yes No Yes Niger Yes Yes Yes No Nigeria Yes Yes Yes Yes Norway Yes Yes No No Oman Yes Yes No Yes Pakistan Yes Yes No No Panama Yes Yes Yes No Papua New Guinea No — — No Paraguay Yes Yes Yes No Peru Yes Yes No Yesa Philippines Yes Yes No Yes Poland Yes Yes No Yesa Portugal Yes Yes No No Qatar Yes Yes No Yes Republic of Korea Yes Yes No Yesa Republic of Moldova Yes Yes No No Romania Yes Yes No No Russian Federation Yes Yes No Yesa Rwanda No — — No Saint Lucia Yes No No No Samoa Yes Yes No Yes San Marino Yes Yes No No 383 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area National mobile phone law Mobile phone law Any data on use of mobile phone while driving Applies to hand- held phone use Applies to hands- free phone use Sao Tome and Principe Yes Yes No No Saudi Arabia Yes Yes No Yes Senegal Yes Yes Yes No Serbia Yes Yes No Yes Seychelles Yes Yes No Yes Singapore Yes Yes No No Slovakia Yes Yes No Yes Slovenia Yes Yes No No Solomon Islands No — — No Somalia No — — No South Africa Yes Yes No Yes South Sudan No — — No Spain Yes Yes No Yes Sri Lanka Yes Yes No No Sudan Yes Yes Yes No Suriname Yes Yes No Yes Sweden Yes No No No Switzerland Yes Yes No Yes Syrian Arab Republic Yes Yes Yes Yes Tajikistan Yes Yes No No Thailand Yes Yes No No The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Yes Yes No Yes Timor-Leste Yes Yes No No Togo Yes Yes Yes No Tonga No — — No Trinidad and Tobago Yes Yes No Yes Tunisia Yes Yes No No Turkey Yes Yes Yes Yes Turkmenistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Uganda Yes Yes No No Ukraine Yes Yes No No United Arab Emirates Yes Yes No Yes United Kingdom Yes Yes No Yes 384 Country / Area National mobile phone law Mobile phone law Any data on use of mobile phone while driving Applies to hand- held phone use Applies to hands- free phone use United Republic of Tanzania No — — No United States of America Yes Nob No Yes Uruguay Yes Yes No Yes Uzbekistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Vanuatu No — — No Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Yes Yes No No Viet Nam Yes Yes No No West Bank and Gaza Strip Yes Yes No No Zimbabwe Yes Yes No No a Only some specific studies b The majority of states prohibit texting while driving 385 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 TABLE A10: ROAD SAFETY MANAGEMENT, STRATEGIES AND TARGETS BY COUNTRY / AREA Country / Area Lead agency Functions of the lead agency Road safety strategies Road safety targets A le ad a ge nc y is p re se nt Th e le ad a ge nc y is fu nd ed Co or di na tio n Le gi sl at io n M on ito rin g & ev al ua tio n Th er e is a na tio na l r oa d sa fe ty s tr at eg y Th e st ra te gy is fu nd ed Fa ta l N on -f at al Afghanistan No — — — — No — — — Albania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Angola Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded — — Antigua and Barbuda Yes No Yes Yes Yes No — — — Argentina Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes No Armenia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — — Australia Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Not funded Yes Yes Austria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Azerbaijan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — — Bangladesh Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Barbados Yes No Yes Yes Yes No — — — Belarus Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Partially funded Yes No Belgium No — — — — Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Belize Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Benin Yes No Yes No Yes No — — — Bhutan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Bosnia and Herzegovina Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Botswana Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes No Brazil Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded No No Bulgaria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Burkina Faso Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Burundi Yes Yes Yes Yes No No — — — Cabo Verde Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Cambodia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Cameroon No — — — — Yes Partially funded No No Canada Yes Noa Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Central African Republic Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes — — — — Chad Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Partially funded Yes Yes 386 Country / Area Lead agency Functions of the lead agency Road safety strategies Road safety targets A le ad a ge nc y is p re se nt Th e le ad a ge nc y is fu nd ed Co or di na tio n Le gi sl at io n M on ito rin g & ev al ua tio n Th er e is a na tio na l r oa d sa fe ty s tr at eg y Th e st ra te gy is fu nd ed Fa ta l N on -f at al Chile Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded No No China Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Colombia Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Comoros Yes No Yes Yes Yes No — — — Congo Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Cook Islands Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Costa Rica Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes No Côte d’Ivoire Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes Yes Croatia No — — — — Yes Fully funded Yes No Cuba Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes No Cyprus Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Czechia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Democratic Republic of the Congo Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded No — Denmark No — — — — Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Dominica Yes No Yes Yes Yes No — — — Dominican Republic Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Ecuador Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Egypt Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Partially funded Yes No El Salvador Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Equatorial Guinea Yes Yes Yes Yes No No — — — Eritrea Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Estonia Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Eswatini Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — — Ethiopia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Fiji Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Finland Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Partially funded Yes No France Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes No Gabon Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not funded — — Gambia Yes Yes Yes No No No — — — 387 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Lead agency Functions of the lead agency Road safety strategies Road safety targets A le ad a ge nc y is p re se nt Th e le ad a ge nc y is fu nd ed Co or di na tio n Le gi sl at io n M on ito rin g & ev al ua tio n Th er e is a na tio na l r oa d sa fe ty s tr at eg y Th e st ra te gy is fu nd ed Fa ta l N on -f at al Georgia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded No No Germany Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Partially funded Yes No Ghana Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Greece Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Grenada Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — — Guatemala Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Guinea Yes — Yes — — No — — — Guinea-Bissau No — — — — No — — — Guyana Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Honduras Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded No No Hungary No — — — — Yes Partially funded Yes No Iceland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded — — India Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Indonesia Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Partially funded Yes No Iran (Islamic Republic of) Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Iraq Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Not funded No No Ireland Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Fully funded Yes Yes Israel Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded No No Italy Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Jamaica Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Partially funded Yes No Japan Yes Yes No No No Yes Fully funded Yes Yes Jordan No — — — — No — — — Kazakhstan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Kenya Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — — Kiribati No — — — — Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Kuwait Yes Yes Yes No No No — — — Kyrgyzstan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes — Lao People’s Democratic Republic Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Latvia No — — — — Yes Not funded Yes Yes 388 Country / Area Lead agency Functions of the lead agency Road safety strategies Road safety targets A le ad a ge nc y is p re se nt Th e le ad a ge nc y is fu nd ed Co or di na tio n Le gi sl at io n M on ito rin g & ev al ua tio n Th er e is a na tio na l r oa d sa fe ty s tr at eg y Th e st ra te gy is fu nd ed Fa ta l N on -f at al Lebanon Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — — Lesotho Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — — Liberia No — — — — No — — — Libya Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Not funded Yes Yes Lithuania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Luxembourg Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Madagascar Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Malawi Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Malaysia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Maldives Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not funded No No Mali Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Malta Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes Yes Mauritania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Mauritius Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes Yes Mexico Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Micronesia (Federated States of) No — — — — No — — — Mongolia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Montenegro Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Morocco Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes No Mozambique Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded No No Myanmar Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Not funded Yes No Namibia Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Nepal Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded — — Netherlands Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes New Zealand Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes No Niger Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded No Yes Nigeria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes Yes Norway Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes Yes Oman Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes Yes Pakistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded No No 389 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Lead agency Functions of the lead agency Road safety strategies Road safety targets A le ad a ge nc y is p re se nt Th e le ad a ge nc y is fu nd ed Co or di na tio n Le gi sl at io n M on ito rin g & ev al ua tio n Th er e is a na tio na l r oa d sa fe ty s tr at eg y Th e st ra te gy is fu nd ed Fa ta l N on -f at al Panama Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Papua New Guinea Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded No No Paraguay Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Peru Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Philippines Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes Yes Poland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Portugal Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Qatar Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes Yes Republic of Korea Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Republic of Moldova Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Romania Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Russian Federation Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Rwanda Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded No Yes Saint Lucia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — — Samoa Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No San Marino Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded No No Sao Tome and Principe Yes No Yes Yes Yes No — — — Saudi Arabia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded — — Senegal Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Serbia Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Seychelles Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded No No Singapore Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded No No Slovakia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Slovenia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Solomon Islands Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — — Somalia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not funded No No South Africa Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No South Sudan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — — 390 Country / Area Lead agency Functions of the lead agency Road safety strategies Road safety targets A le ad a ge nc y is p re se nt Th e le ad a ge nc y is fu nd ed Co or di na tio n Le gi sl at io n M on ito rin g & ev al ua tio n Th er e is a na tio na l r oa d sa fe ty s tr at eg y Th e st ra te gy is fu nd ed Fa ta l N on -f at al Spain Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes Yes Sri Lanka Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Sudan Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Suriname No — — — — No — — — Sweden Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Switzerland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — — Syrian Arab Republic Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded No No Tajikistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded No No Thailand Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Timor-Leste Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded No No Togo Yes No Yes Yes Yes No — — — Tonga Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Trinidad and Tobago Yes No No No No Yes Partially funded No No Tunisia Yes Yes Yes No Yes No — — — Turkey Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes Yes Turkmenistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded No — Uganda Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Ukraine No — — — — No — — — United Arab Emirates Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes United Kingdom Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes United Republic of Tanzania Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No United States of America Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes Yes Uruguay Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — — Uzbekistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — — Vanuatu Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Partially funded — — 391 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Lead agency Functions of the lead agency Road safety strategies Road safety targets A le ad a ge nc y is p re se nt Th e le ad a ge nc y is fu nd ed Co or di na tio n Le gi sl at io n M on ito rin g & ev al ua tio n Th er e is a na tio na l r oa d sa fe ty s tr at eg y Th e st ra te gy is fu nd ed Fa ta l N on -f at al Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded No No Viet Nam Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No West Bank and Gaza Strip Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded No No Zimbabwe Yes No Yes Yes Yes No — — — a A self-sustaining prganisation through membership fees and data services. 392 TABLE A11: SAFER MOBILITY BY COUNTRY / AREA Country / Area Number of registered vehicles Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Inspections / star rating of existing roads Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Investments to upgrade high risk locations Policies & investment in urban public transport Policies promoting walking and cycling Afghanistan 655 357 Partial – Partial Yes Yes No Albania 563 106 Yes No Partial Yes Yes Subnational Angola No No Partial Yes Yes Yes Antigua and Barbuda 36 030 Partial No Partial No No No Argentina 21 633 587 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Armenia Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes No Australia 18 326 236 Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Austria 7 421 647 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Azerbaijan 1 330 551 Partial Yes Partial No Yes No Bangladesh 2 879 708 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes No Barbados 117 104 No Yes Partial No Yes No Belarus 4 192 291 No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Belgium 7 330 718 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Subnational Belize 56 094 Yes Yes Yes No No No Benin 469 761 Partial No Partial Yes No No Bhutan 86 981 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 1 711 005 Yes Yes Yes No Yes Subnational Bosnia and Herzegovina 978 229 Partial Yes Yes Yes No Subnational Botswana 653 274 Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Brazil 93 867 016 Yes No Partial Yes Yes Yes Bulgaria 4 031 748 Partial No Yes No Yes Yes Burkina Faso 2 106 292 Partial Yes Yes Yes No No Burundi 111 236 Partial No No No No No Cabo Verde 64 955 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes No Cambodia 3 751 715 Yes Yes No Yes No No Cameroon 758 145 Partial Yes Partial Yes Yes No Canada 23 923 806 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Subnational Central African Republic 37 475 Partial Yes Partial Yes No No Chad 1 124 000 Yes No Yes Yes No No Chile 4 960 945 No No Partial No Yes Subnational 393 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Number of registered vehicles Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Inspections / star rating of existing roads Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Investments to upgrade high risk locations Policies & investment in urban public transport Policies promoting walking and cycling China 294 694 457 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Colombia 13 477 996 Partial No No No Yes No Comoros 34 898 No No No Yes No No Congo Yes No Partial No No No Cook Islands 12 453 Partial Yes Partial Yes No Yes Costa Rica 1 991 398 No – No No Yes Subnational Côte d’Ivoire 905 537 Partial No Partial Yes Yes No Croatia 1 996 056 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Cuba 633 369 No Yes Partial Yes Yes No Cyprus 650 805 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Czechia 7 325 789 Partial Yes Yes No Yes Yes Democratic Republic of the Congo – No Partial No No Subnational Denmark 3 131 673 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Dominica 35 796 – No Partial No No No Dominican Republic 3 854 038 Yes No Partial Yes Yes Yes Ecuador 1 925 368 Yes Yes Partial No Yes Yes Egypt 8 412 673 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes Subnational El Salvador 1 008 080 Partial No Partial No Yes Yes Equatorial Guinea 143 000 No – No No No Eritrea 72 405 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Estonia 865 040 Partial Yes Yes Yes No Yes Eswatini 99 830 Yes Yes Partial No Yes No Ethiopia 708 416 No No Partial No Yes No Fiji 110 763 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes Yes Finland 5 217 850 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes France 42 363 000 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Gabon – – No Yes Yes No Gambia 84 963 Partial No Partial Yes No No Georgia 1 126 470 Yes No Partial Yes Yes Yes Germany 56 622 000 Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Ghana 2 066 943 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 394 Country / Area Number of registered vehicles Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Inspections / star rating of existing roads Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Investments to upgrade high risk locations Policies & investment in urban public transport Policies promoting walking and cycling Greece 9 489 299 Partial Yes Partial Yes Yes Subnational Grenada 27 266 Partial Yes Partial Yes No No Guatemala 3 250 194 Partial No Partial Yes Yes Subnational Guinea 259 731 Yes No No No Yes No Guinea-Bissau 62 239 No No No No No No Guyana 15 694 Yes No Partial No No No Honduras 1 694 504 Yes No Yes Yes No No Hungary 4 022 798 Yes Yes Yes No No Subnational Iceland 289 501 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes Yes India 210 023 289 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes No Indonesia 128 398 594 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Subnational Iran (Islamic Republic of) 30 377 065 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes Subnational Iraq 5 775 777 Partial No Partial No Yes No Ireland 2 573 961 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Israel 3 239 305 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes Yes Italy 52 581 575 Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Jamaica 541 316 Yes Yes Partial No Yes Yes Japan 81 602 046 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Jordan 1 502 420 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes No Kazakhstan 4 383 120 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Kenya 2 979 910 Partial No Partial Yes Yes Subnational Kiribati 3 706 Yes No Partial Yes Yes Yes Kuwait 2 001 940 Yes – No No No No Kyrgyzstan 993 000 Yes No Partial Yes Yes Lao People’s Democratic Republic 1 850 020 Partial No Partial Yes No Yes Latvia 803 628 Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Lebanon 1 866 407 Partial – Partial No No No Lesotho Yes Yes No No No No Liberia 1 085 075 Yes Yes Partial No Yes Yes Libya 3 553 497 Yes No Partial Yes Yes No Lithuania 1 391 568 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 395 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Number of registered vehicles Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Inspections / star rating of existing roads Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Investments to upgrade high risk locations Policies & investment in urban public transport Policies promoting walking and cycling Luxembourg 466 472 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Madagascar 236 979 Yes Yes Partial No No No Malawi Partial No Yes No No No Malaysia 27 613 120 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Maldives 92 983 No Yes Partial No Yes No Mali 344 345 Yes Yes Partial Yes No No Malta 358 947 Partial Yes Partial No Yes Yes Mauritania No No No Yes No No Mauritius 507 676 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes No Mexico 40 205 671 No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Micronesia (Federated States of) 5 673 Partial Yes Partial No No No Mongolia 841 537 Yes No Partial No Yes Yes Montenegro 211 219 Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Morocco 3 791 469 Partial Yes No Yes Yes Yes Mozambique 698 864 No No Partial No No No Myanmar 6 381 136 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Namibia 371 281 No No Partial Yes Yes Yes Nepal 2 339 169 Partial Yes Partial No Yes No Netherlands 10 757 655 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes New Zealand 3 656 300 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Niger 436 420 Partial No Yes No No No Nigeria 11 733 425 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes Yes Norway 3 969 612 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes Yes Oman 1 370 913 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Subnational Pakistan 18 352 500 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes No Panama 1 288 573 No No Partial No Yes Subnational Papua New Guinea 100 993 Partial Yes Partial No No Subnational Paraguay 1 871 947 Yes Yes Partial No Yes Subnational Peru 5 604 789 No – No Yes No Yes Philippines 9 251 565 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes Yes Poland 27 409 106 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 396 Country / Area Number of registered vehicles Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Inspections / star rating of existing roads Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Investments to upgrade high risk locations Policies & investment in urban public transport Policies promoting walking and cycling Portugal 6 590 094 Partial Yes Yes No Yes Yes Qatar 1 330 487 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Republic of Korea 25 680 967 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Republic of Moldova 894 253 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Romania 7 014 661 Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Russian Federation 54 014 259 Yes No Yes Yes Yes Subnational Rwanda 180 137 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Saint Lucia 35 681 No No Partial No No No Samoa 25 235 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes Subnational San Marino 54 956 Partial No Partial Yes Yes No Sao Tome and Principe 34 050 No No Partial No No No Saudi Arabia 6 895 799 Partial Yes Partial Yes Yes Subnational Senegal 468 051 Yes Yes No No Yes No Serbia 2 282 401 No No Yes Yes Yes No Seychelles 23 076 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Singapore 933 534 Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Slovakia 2 606 412 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Slovenia 1 468 439 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Solomon Islands Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Somalia 59 457 No – No No No No South Africa Partial Yes Partial Yes Yes Yes South Sudan 69 647 No Yes Partial No No No Spain 32 986 384 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Sri Lanka 6 795 469 Partial No Partial Yes No Subnational Sudan 1 252 740 Yes Yes Partial No Yes No Suriname 228 388 No No Partial No Yes No Sweden 6 102 914 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Switzerland 5 980 512 Partial Yes No Yes Yes Yes Syrian Arab Republic 2 396 544 Partial Yes Partial Yes Yes Yes Tajikistan 439 972 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes No Thailand 37 338 139 Partial Yes Partial Yes Yes Yes 397 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Number of registered vehicles Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Inspections / star rating of existing roads Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Investments to upgrade high risk locations Policies & investment in urban public transport Policies promoting walking and cycling The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 442 962 Partial Yes Yes No Yes Yes Timor-Leste 146 596 Partial No Yes No Yes Yes Togo 64 118 Partial No Partial Yes Yes No Tonga 8 154 Yes Yes Partial Yes No Subnational Trinidad and Tobago 831 803 Partial No Yes No Yes No Tunisia 2 015 601 Partial – Partial Yes Yes No Turkey 21 090 424 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Turkmenistan Yes No Partial Yes Yes Yes Uganda 1 594 962 Yes Yes Partial Yes No Yes Ukraine 14 433 709 Yes Yes Yes No Yes Subnational United Arab Emirates 3 391 125 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes Subnational United Kingdom 38 388 214 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes United Republic of Tanzania 2 163 623 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes No United States of America 281 312 446 No – No Yes Yes Yes Uruguay 2 342 026 No No Partial No Yes Yes Uzbekistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Vanuatu Partial No Partial Yes Yes No Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 7 999 760 Yes – Yes No Yes No Viet Nam 50 666 855 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes Subnational West Bank and Gaza Strip 268 365 Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Zimbabwe 1 198 584 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes No 398 TABLE A12: VEHICLE STANDARDS BY COUNTRY / AREA Country / Area Vehicle standards Seat-belts Seat-belt anchorages Frontal impact Side impact Electronic stability control Pedestrian protection Child seats Motorcycle anti-lock bracking system Afghanistan No No No No No No No No Albania No No No No No No No No Angola No No No No No No No No Antigua and Barbuda No No No No No No No No Argentina Yes Yes Yesa Yesb Noc No No No Armenia No No No No No No No No Australia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yesd No Yes Austria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Azerbaijan No No No No No No No No Bangladesh No No No No No No No No Barbados No No No No No No No No Belarus No No No No No No No No Belgium Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Belize No No No No No No No No Benin No No No No No No No No Bhutan No No No No No No No No Bolivia (Plurinational State of) No No No No No No No No Bosnia and Herzegovina No No No No No No No No Botswana No No No No No No No No Brazil Yes Yes Yes Noe No No Yes Yes Bulgaria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Burkina Faso No No No No No No No No Burundi No No No No No No No No Cabo Verde No No No No No No No No Cambodia No No No No No No No No Cameroon No No No No No No No No Canada Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Central African Republic No No No No No No No No Chad No No No No No No No No Chile No No No No No No No No China Yes Yes Yes Yes Nof No No No 399 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Vehicle standards Seat-belts Seat-belt anchorages Frontal impact Side impact Electronic stability control Pedestrian protection Child seats Motorcycle anti-lock bracking system Colombia No No No No No No No No Comoros No No No No No No No No Congo No No No No No No No No Cook Islands No No No No No No No No Costa Rica No No No No No No No No Côte d’Ivoire No No No No No No No No Croatia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Cuba No No No No No No No No Cyprus Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Czechia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Democratic Republic of the Congo No No No No No No No No Denmark Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Dominica No No No No No No No No Dominican Republic No No No No No No No No Ecuador Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Egypt Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No El Salvador No No No No No No No No Equatorial Guinea No No No No No No No No Eritrea No No No No No No No No Estonia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Eswatini No No No No No No No No Ethiopia No No No No No No No No Fiji No No No No No No No No Finland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes France Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Gabon No No No No No No No No Gambia No No No No No No No No Georgia No No No No No No No No Germany Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Ghana No No No No No No No No Greece Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Grenada No No No No No No No No 400 Country / Area Vehicle standards Seat-belts Seat-belt anchorages Frontal impact Side impact Electronic stability control Pedestrian protection Child seats Motorcycle anti-lock bracking system Guatemala No No No No No No No No Guinea No No No No No No No No Guinea-Bissau No No No No No No No No Guyana No No No No No No No No Honduras No No No No No No No No Hungary Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Iceland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes India Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yesg No Yes Indonesia No No No No No No No No Iran (Islamic Republic of) No No No No No No No No Iraq No No No No No No No No Ireland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Israel Yesh Yesh Yesh Yesh Yesh No Yes No Italy Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Jamaica No No No No No No No No Japan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Jordan No No No No No No No No Kazakhstan No No No No No No No No Kenya No No No No No No No No Kiribati No No No No No No No No Kuwait No No No No No No No No Kyrgyzstan No No No No No No No No Lao People’s Democratic Republic No No No No No No No No Latvia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Lebanon No No No No No No No No Lesotho No No No No No No No No Liberia No No No No No No No No Libya No No No No No No No No Lithuania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Luxembourg Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Madagascar No No No No No No No No 401 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Vehicle standards Seat-belts Seat-belt anchorages Frontal impact Side impact Electronic stability control Pedestrian protection Child seats Motorcycle anti-lock bracking system Malawi No No No No No No No No Malaysia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Maldives No No No No No No No No Mali No No No No No No No No Malta Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Mauritania No No No No No No No No Mauritius No No No No No No No No Mexico Yes No No No No No No No Micronesia (Federated States of) No No No No No No No No Mongolia No No No No No No No No Montenegro No No No No No No No No Morocco No No No No No No No No Mozambique No No No No No No No No Myanmar No No No No No No No No Namibia No No No No No No No No Nepal No No No No No No No No Netherlands Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes New Zealand Yes Yes Yes Yes Yesi Yes Yes No Niger No No No No No No No No Nigeria No No No No No No No No Norway Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Oman No No No No No No No No Pakistan No No No No No No No No Panama No No No No No No No No Papua New Guinea No No No No No No No No Paraguay No No No No No No No No Peru No No No No No No No No Philippines No No No No No No No No Poland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Portugal Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Qatar No No No No No No No No Republic of Korea Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 402 Country / Area Vehicle standards Seat-belts Seat-belt anchorages Frontal impact Side impact Electronic stability control Pedestrian protection Child seats Motorcycle anti-lock bracking system Republic of Moldova No No No No No No No No Romania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Russian Federation Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Rwanda No No No No No No No No Saint Lucia No No No No No No No No Samoa No No No No No No No No San Marino Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Sao Tome and Principe No No No No No No No No Saudi Arabia No No No No No No No No Senegal No No No No No No No No Serbia No No No No No No No No Seychelles No No No No No No No No Singapore No No No No No No No No Slovakia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Slovenia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Solomon Islands No No No No No No No No Somalia No No No No No No No No South Africa No Yes No No Yes Yes Yes No South Sudan No No No No No No No No Spain Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Sri Lanka No No No No No No No No Sudan No No No No No No No No Suriname No No No No No No No No Sweden Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Switzerland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Syrian Arab Republic No No No No No No No No Tajikistan No No No No No No No No Thailand Yes Yes Noj,k Noj,k Nok Yes No No The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia No No No No No No No No Timor-Leste No No No No No No No No Togo No No No No No No No No 403 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Vehicle standards Seat-belts Seat-belt anchorages Frontal impact Side impact Electronic stability control Pedestrian protection Child seats Motorcycle anti-lock bracking system Tonga No No No No No No No No Trinidad and Tobago No No No No No No No No Tunisia No No No No No No No No Turkey Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Turkmenistan No No No No No No No No Uganda No No No No No No No No Ukraine No No No No No No No No United Arab Emirates No No No No No No No No United Kingdom Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes United Republic of Tanzania No No No No No No No No United States of America Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Uruguay Yes Yes No No No No Yes No Uzbekistan No No No No No No No No Vanuatu No No No No No No No No Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) No No No No No No No No Viet Nam No No No No No No No No West Bank and Gaza Strip No No No No No No No No Zimbabwe No No No No No No No No a Only for new models b For new models as from 2018 c Mandatory as from 2018 under voluntary agreement with car makers but postponed to 2022 by the new government following Brazil ESC mandatory date d Australia has signed the UN127 for Pedestrian Protection as a Contracting Party but is not enforcing it e Brazil included the requirement for side impact for new vehicles from 2020 f However top 12 car makers (more than 70% of sales volume) commited to ESC standard as from 2018 g Mandatory from October 2018 h Required for cars made under US regulations - for European cars, no requirements further than ESC i For new models as from 2018 j According to representatives information the regulation will be mandatory as from 2020 k Thailand launched an ECO-CAR program with tax incentives for cars with ESC but this is not mandatory for all cars PHOTO CREDITS Page iii AdobeStock Page vii WHO Page ix Bloomberg Page xii AdobeStock Page xv AdobeStock Page xvi AdobeStock Page 9 WHO Page 12 AdobeStock Page 13 AdobeStock Page 14 AdobeStock Page 17 WHO Page 21 AdobeStock Page 22 AdobeStock Page 30 AdobeStock Page 34 WHO Page 37 AdobeStock Page 44 AdobeStock Page 47 AdobeStock Page 48 AdobeStock Page 49 AdobeStock Page 51 WHO Page 55 Edward Echwalu Page 56 AdobeStock Page 60 AdobeStock Page 63 AdobeStock Page 65 AdobeStock 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WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION Management of Noncommunicable Diseases, Disability, Violence and Injury Prevention (NVI) 20 Avenue Appia 1211 Geneva 27 Switzerland Phone: +41 22 791 2881 http://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/road_traffic/en/ ISBN 978-92-4-156564-2
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Global status report on road safety 2018 ISBN 978-92-4-156568-4 © World Health Organization 2018 Some rights reserved. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo). Under the terms of this licence, you may copy, redistribute and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes, provided the work is appropriately cited, as indicated below. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that WHO endorses any specific organization, products or services. The use of the WHO logo is not permitted. If you adapt the work, then you must license your work under the same or equivalent Creative Commons licence. If you create a translation of this work, you should add the following disclaimer along with the suggested citation: “This translation was not created by the World Health Organization (WHO). WHO is not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original English edition shall be the binding and authentic edition”. Any mediation relating to disputes arising under the licence shall be conducted in accordance with the mediation rules of the World Intellectual Property Organization. Suggested citation. Global status report on road safety 2018. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018. Licence: CC BY- NC-SA 3.0 IGO. Cataloguing-in-Publication (CIP) data. CIP data are available at http://apps.who.int/iris. Sales, rights and licensing. To purchase WHO publications, see http://apps.who.int/bookorders. To submit requests for commercial use and queries on rights and licensing, see http://www.who.int/about/licensing. Third-party materials. If you wish to reuse material from this work that is attributed to a third party, such as Tables, Figures or images, it is your responsibility to determine whether permission is needed for that reuse and to obtain permission from the copyright holder. The risk of claims resulting from infringement of any third-party-owned component in the work rests solely with the user. General disclaimers. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of WHO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted and dashed lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by WHO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions expected, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by WHO to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall WHO be liable for damages arising from its use. Design and layout by Paprika Printed in France Made possible through funding from Bloomberg Philanthropies.
Contents Acknowledgements vi Foreword by Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus vii Foreword by Michael R. Bloomberg ix Executive Summary xi Introduction x Section 1: Current state of global road safety 1 &hapter 7he *OoEaO %urden oI 5oad 7raffic 'eaths Key messages 3 &hapter ,nstitutionaO PanaJePent Key messages 15 &hapter /eJisOation and road user EehaYiour Key messages 23 Managing speed 27 Reducing drink-driving 31 Increasing motorcycle helmet use 36 Increasing seat-belt use 40 Increasing child restraint use 42 Reducing distracted driving 45 Reducing drug-driving 46 &hapter 6aIe roads Key messages 49 Chapter 5: Safe vehicles 56 Key messages 57 Chapter 6: Post-crash care 66 Key messages 67 6ection &ountr\area profiOes 6ection ([pOanator\ notes and statisticaO anne[ Explanatory note 1: methodology, data collection, validation and analysis 270 ExSlanatory note 2 countryarea Srofiles 278 ExSlanatory note 3 estimation oI road traͦc deaths 288 Statistical Annex 296 Photo credits 404 vi Acknowledgements The Global status report on road safety 2018 benefited from the contributions of a number of WHO staff and collaborators. Nhan Tran coordinated the writing of the report with contributions by Jeanne Breene, Meleckidzedeck Khayesi, Rob McInerney, Anesh Sukhai, Tamitza Toroyan and David Ward. Kacem Iaych was responsible for data management and statistical analysis; Joëlle Auert was responsible for the legislation data management and analysis. Strategic direction on the report was provided by Etienne Krug. Regional data coordinators were responsible for trainings, data collection and validation: Anneli Heimann and Martial-Manfred Missimikim (African Region), Alessandra Senisse (Region of the Americas), Rania Saad (Eastern Mediterranean Region and South-East Asian Region), Yongjie Yon (European Region), Maria Angela Pestaňo and Whitney Skowronski (Western Pacific Region). Further support at regional level was provided by: Hala Sakr, Dinesh Sethi, Eugenia Rodrigues, Jonathon Passmore, Patanjali Nayar and Jatinder Pal Singh Chhatwal. WHO Representatives and staff at country level facilitated this work and their contribution is gratefully acknowledged. Other WHO staff who contributed include: Elena Altieri, Angelita Ruth Dee, Doris Ma Fat, Colin Mathers, Evelyn Murphy, Florence Rusciano, Zoe Brillantes and Teri Reynolds. Country level data could not have been obtained without the invaluable input of: the National Data Coordinators (see Table A1 in the Statistical Annex); all respondents who participated in data collection and the country level consensus meetings; government officials who supported the project and provided official clearance of the information for inclusion in this report. WHO also wishes to thank the following contributors whose expertise made this document possible: Adrienne Pizatella, Jennifer Ellis, Kelly Larson, and Kelly Henning from Bloomberg Philanthropies; Leslie Zellers for her support in reviewing and analysing legislative documents for the region of the Americas; Saul Billingsley, Lotte Brondum, Soames Job, Adnan Hyder, Rob McInerney, and David Ward, for serving on the advisory committee for this report; Abdul Bachani, Judy Fleiter, and Margie Peden, for review comments; Alejandro Furas and Jessica Truong for support on collecting and interpreting data on vehicle standards; Isaac Botchey for assisting with checking of country profiles; Claudia Adriazola-Steil, Matts-Ake Belin and Judy Williams for providing material for boxes; Eric Thuo for assisting with literature review on child restraints; Hal Inada for the checking of references; Kaitlyn Friedman for assisting with data processing; Tony Price who edited the report; the team of translators from Alboum for support with translations of legislation; and graphic designers from Paprika who produced the design and layout of the report. This report is in memoriam of Dominique Rurangirwa, the National Data Coordinator in Rwanda who lost his life in a road traffic crash earlier this year. His death was most unexpected and he will be sadly missed by all his colleagues, both locally and internationally. This tragedy serves as a reminder of the importance of this work and that more must still be done to strengthen road transport systems to prevent the needless loss of life. Finally, the WHO wishes to thank Bloomberg Philanthropies for its generous financial support for the development and publication of this report. vii GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 FOREWORD Is there anyone we can call for you? There is a phone call or a knock on the door that we all dread, in which we are told that a loved one has been killed or seriously injured in a road traffic crash. We shiver as emergency vehicles speed past us on the road to attend a crash. Our hearts miss a beat as we hear about a “road accident” on the news. But road traffic crashes are not “accidents”. They are completely preventable. This report shows that the problem is getting worse. Deaths from road traffic crashes have increased to 1.35 million a year. That’s nearly 3 700 people dying on the world’s roads every day. Tens of millions more are injured or disabled every year, people who suffer life-altering injuries with long- lasting effects. These losses take a huge toll on families and communities. The cost of emergency response, health care and human grief is immense. There are many reasons for this trend: rapid urbanization, poor safety standards, lack of enforcement, people driving distracted or fatigued, others under the influence of drugs or alcohol, speeding and a failure to wear seat-belts or helmets. One of the most heart-breaking statistics in this report is that road traffic injury is the leading cause of death for people aged between 5 and 29 years. No child should die or be seriously injured while they walk, cycle or play. We must return our streets to our children. They have a right to feel safe on them. In the Sustainable Development Goals, world leaders have committed to halve the number of deaths from road crashes by 2020. This report shows that three years on, far too little progress has been made towards this goal. There is an urgent need to scale up evidence-based interventions and investment. Development is an opportunity for low- and middle-income countries to avoid the costly mistakes made in the past by high-income countries. We need to create cities and transport systems that reduce reliance on cars. We must apply the lessons we have learned about safe road design. With the right leadership and investment, countries can build in the safeguards and best practices to save lives. viii WHO is committed to working with countries to reduce the needless death and disability caused by road VTaHficcTaUJGU 9*1ŨU)GPGTaNPTQITaOOGQH9QTMŤŤQWTfiXG[GaTUVTaVGIicRNaPŤiPcNWFGUTQaFUaHGV[IQaNU that are underpinned by 12 voluntary performance targets agreed upon by world leaders last year. These are designed to provide guidance to WHO Member States on key interventions. +ViUQPGVJiPIQHcQWTUGVQUGVIQaNUaPFVaTIGVU+VŨUaPQVJGTVQacJiGXGVJGO Experience shows that sustainable road safety must be planned and requires long-term investment and aRRTQRTiaVGOaPaIGOGPVcaRaciV[HQTGHHGcViXGFGNiXGT[+PVGTPaViQPaNQTIaPi\aViQPUFQPQTUaPFVJGRWDNic and private sectors need to work together to make things happen. This report highlights the increasing number of countries and cities that are making progress with effective and affordable interventions. My hope is that this report will save lives, prevent injuries and mean fewer emergency responders knock on doors with messages they should never have to deliver. Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus &iTGcVQT)GPGTaN9QTNF*GaNVJ1TIaPi\aViQP ix GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 FOREWORD Road safety is an issue that does not receive anywhere near the attention it deserves – and it really is one of our great opportunities to save lives around the world. The numbers are staggering. Road traffic crashes now represent the eighth leading cause of death globally. They claim more than 1.35 million lives each year and cause up to 50 million injuries. And, the fact is, every one of those deaths and injuries is preventable. We know which interventions work. Strong policies and enforcement, smart road design, and powerful public awareness campaigns can save millions of lives over the coming decades. To spread those interventions to more countries, it is critically important for partners to target our resources effectively and hold each other accountable for our results. The data show that low- and middle-income countries bear the greatest burden of road traffic fatalities and injuries. So, over the past decade, Bloomberg Philanthropies has worked closely with the World Health Organization, government agencies, and road safety organizations and invested US$ 259 million to help implement evidence-based solutions. Together we have promoted the use of helmets and seat-belts, combatted speeding and drunk driving, redesigned city streets to make them safer, and advocated for safer vehicles. Overall, we have made important policy progress since WHO issued its last road safety report in 2015. Twenty-two countries have amended their road safety laws, bringing them in line with best practices. These laws cover more than one billion people, or 14% of the world’s population. At the same time, we have also focused our intervention efforts on cities. The opportunity for cities is enormous, because they are home to more than half the world’s population. And, once cities demonstrate something works, national governments tend to be more willing to scale up a proven solution. To cite just a few leading cities: Accra is using data to improve pedestrian safety, and Ho Chi Minh City is taking cost-effective steps to make more than 150 high-risk intersections safer. Cities in countries such as Brazil and India have reduced traffic crashes, and through media campaigns and stronger enforcement, more cities have cut drunk driving. These are encouraging trends, and public support for road safety policies is only growing. However, there is still much more work to be done, and Bloomberg Philanthropies will continue to raise awareness of road safety and the need for more action by governments. x4GFWciPITQaFVTaHficFGaVJUaPFiPLWTiGUiUQPGQHVJG7PiVGF0aViQPU5WUVaiPaDNG&GXGNQROGPV)QaNUŤ and, given everything we know about the problem and its solutions, that goal is achievable if governments RTiQTiVi\GTQaFUaHGV[9*1iUJGNRiPIVQFTiXGVJGRTQITGUUYGaTGOaMiPIaPFaNNQHWUaV$NQQODGTI Philanthropies thank Dr Tedros, WHO Director-General, his colleagues, and our allies around the world for their continued partnership. We invite you to learn more about the status of road safety in this important report. Michael R. Bloomberg Founder, Bloomberg L.P. & Bloomberg Philanthropies WHO Global Ambassador for Noncommunicable Diseases and Injuries xi GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The number of road traffic deaths continues to climb, reaching 1.35 million in 2016. However, the rates of death relative to the size of the world’s population has stabilized in recent years. The data presented in this report show that progress has been achieved in important areas such as legislation, vehicle standards and improving access to post-crash care. This progress has not, however, occurred at a pace fast enough to compensate for the rising population and rapid motorization of transport taking place in many parts of the world. At this rate, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) target 3.6 to halve road traffic deaths by 2020 will not be met. Road traffic injury is now the leading cause of death for children and young adults aged 5–29 years, signalling a need for a shift in the current child health agenda, which has largely neglected road safety. It is the eighth leading cause of death for all age groups surpassing HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and diarrhoeal diseases. The burden of road traffic injuries and deaths is disproportionately borne by vulnerable road users and those living in low- and middle-income countries, where the growing number of deaths is fuelled by transport that is increasingly motorized. Between 2013 and 2016, no reductions in the number of road traffic deaths were observed in any low-income country, while some reductions were observed in 48 middle- and high-income countries. Overall, the number of deaths increased in 104 countries during this period. Strengthening legislation to mitigate key risk factors is recognized by the majority of governments as an important strategy to improve road safety, as evidenced by the 149 countries that have designated lead agencies with responsibilities that include enacting and assessing traffic laws. While too many countries still lack legislation that appropriately addresses risks such as speeding, drink-driving, the use of helmets, seat-belts and child restraints, since 2014 progress has been made in a number of these areas. Overall 22 additional countries have amended their laws on one or more risk factors to bring them in line with best practice. This translates to an additional one billion people who are now covered by effective road traffic laws. Of the 175 countries participating in this report, 123 have road traffic laws that meet best practice for one or more key risk factors. During this review period, ten additional countries (45 in total) have aligned with best practice on drink-driving legislation, five additional countries (49 in total) on motorcycle helmet use, four additional countries (33 in total) have aligned with best practice on the use of child restraint systems, and three additional countries (105 in total) on the use of seat-belts. Less progress has been made on adopting best practice on speed limits, despite the importance of speed as a major cause of death and serious injury. xii The enforcement of laws and adoption of safety standards — such as the availability of seat-belts and fiVOGPVUHQTcaTQccWRaPVUiPDQVJHTQPVaPFTGaTUGaVUTGOaiPcJaNNGPIiPIiPOaP[RaTVUQHVJGYQTNF &GURiVGVJGDGPGfiVUQHXGJicNGUaHGV[OGaUWTGUQPN[cQWPVTiGUJaXGiORNGOGPVGFUGXGPQTGiIJVQHVJG RTiQTiV[70XGJicNGUaHGV[UVaPFaTFU6JGTGaTGJQYGXGTUiIPUQHRTQITGUU(QTGZaORNG+PFiaVJGYQTNFŨU HQWTVJNaTIGUVcaTOaPWHacVWTGT iURTQFWciPIiVUfiTUVHQWTUVaT QWVQHaRQUUiDNGfiXGUVaTU XGJicNGaPF phasing out production of a popular model, which consistently failed safety crash tests. Some progress is also evident in the planning, design and operation of roads and roadsides, and in the take-up of a range of tools, notably the International Road Assessment Program (iRAP), which is a star rating tool for road networks. One hundred and fourteen countries are currently carrying out systematic assessments or star ratings of existing roads. These assessments and the implementation of appropriate road standards are particularly important as the majority of travel by road users such as pedestrians, cyclists and motorcyclists, occur on roads that are inherently unsafe for them. There are also some signs of progress in improving access to post-crash care to reduce the consequences and severity of injury once a crash occurs. One hundred and nine countries now have access to a telephone number to contact emergency care and 97 countries have a formal process to train and certify prehospital care providers. More work is needed, however, to ensure access to quality emergency care. Approximately half of all countries have speciality training pathways in emergency medicine and trauma surgery while 78 reported having national or subnational trauma registries in place. #NVJQWIJVJGRTQITGUUVQYaTFUTGFWciPIVJGPWODGTQHTQaFVTaHficFGaVJUJaUPQVOGVINQDaNGZRGcVaViQPU there are nonetheless signs of improvement. Accelerating the rate of this progress and bringing to scale VJGDGPGfiVUQHGHHGcViXGNGIiUNaViQPUaHGTXGJicNGUUaHGTTQaFUaPFiPcTGaUiPIaccGUUVQSWaNiV[GOGTIGPc[ care is the main challenge moving forward. There is an urgent need for governments to scale up their road safety efforts in order to live up to their commitments made in the Sustainable Development Agenda 2030. The upcoming Third Global Ministerial Conference on Road Safety in Sweden in February 2020 will be a key opportunity to take a strategic view and set a road safety agenda for the next decade, including setting a new global target on fatalities. xiii GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 INTRODUCTION &GaVJUaPFiPLWTiGUTGUWNViPIHTQOTQaFVTaHficcTaUJGUTGOaiPaUGTiQWURTQDNGOINQDaNN[aPFcWTTGPVVTGPFU suggest that this will continue to be the case in the foreseeable future (1,2). Accelerating progress can, however, be achieved through an integrated approach that includes putting in place and enforcing effective measures such as safety standards for roads and vehicles, legislation to mitigate high-risk behaviours such aUURGGFiPIaUYGNNaUGPUWTiPIViOGN[accGUUVQRTQHGUUiQPaNGOGTIGPc[caTG -G[VQVJiUaRRTQacJiU VJGaXaiNaDiNiV[QHTGNiaDNGaPFcQORTGJGPUiXGFaVaQPVJGDWTFGPaPFTiUMUQHTQaFVTaHficcTaUJGUiPLWTiGU and deaths to target and monitor progress (4,5). Without knowledge of the magnitude of the problem and the risks of death and injury, the ability to implement cQPVGZVURGcificaPFaRRTQRTiaVGiPVGTXGPViQPUiUUGXGTGN[NiOiVGF/QTGQXGTaUJiIJNiIJVGFiPRTGXiQWUaPF cWTTGPVGFiViQPUQHVJiUTGRQTVVJGWPFGTTGRQTViPIQHTQaFVTaHficFGaVJUiURGTXaUiXGiPOaP[RaTVUQHVJG world and results in a lower priority being given to road safety as compared to other public health challenges
'XGPVJQWIJVJGPWODGTQHRGQRNGF[iPIaPPWaNN[aUaTGUWNVQHTQaFVTaHficiPLWT[UWTRaUUGUVJQUGF[iPI HTQO*+8#+&5VWDGTcWNQUiUaPFFiaTTJQGaNFiUGaUGUVJGRQNiVicaNcQOOiVOGPVaPFfiPaPciaNiPXGUVOGPVU in road safety is only a small fraction of that made to combat these diseases (7). This report is intended to stimulate country actions to improve road safety in countries through the iFGPVificaViQPQHMG[IaRUaPFQRRQTVWPiViGU#UYGaRRTQacJVJGGPFQHVJG&GcaFGQH#cViQPHQT4QaF 5aHGV[ŤaPFVJGFGaFNiPGHQT5&)VaTIGV iV iU iPVGPFGFVQUGTXGaUaPaFXQcac[VQQNVQ generate further political action, as well as a resource to guide implementation by relevant government acVQTUiPcNWFiPIOiPiUVTiGUQHJGaNVJVTaPURQTVfiPaPcGGFWcaViQPaPFiPVGTiQTaUYGNNaUNQcaNaWVJQTiViGU iPRTQXiPcGUaPFciViGU 6JGURGcificQDLGcViXGUQHVJiUTGRQTVaTGVQ ´ FQcWOGPVVJGaPPWaNPWODGTQHFGaVJUTGUWNViPIHTQOTQaFVTaHficiPLWT[iPQTFGTVQGUVaDNiUJaPaUUGUUOGPV of progress towards the UN goals for road safety and the Decade of Action; ´ review institutional management practices as well as target setting; ´ present an analysis of national legislation on key road safety risk factors using best practice criteria; ´ UWOOaTi\GVJGcWTTGPVUVaVGQHXGJicNGUVaPFaTFUaPFTGIWNaViQPUaUYGNNaUTQaFiPHTaUVTWcVWTGaPF ´ examine current progress and challenges in improving post-crash care. xiv What’s new? The criteria used to determine best practices for legislation have been updated along with the classifications of countries as those with laws that conform to best practice, those with laws that do not conform to best practice, those without laws, and those in which the laws are not applicable. In some instances, new criteria have been introduced based on the latest evidence, to capture the nuanced aspects of road safety legislation in different countries more effectively. Using the updated criteria, legislation from 2014 (used for the 2015 report) was retrospectively analysed and compared with the analysis of 2017 (used for this report) legislation. Changes (both upgrades and downgrades) have been documented and are presented in the findings of this report. In addition to grouping those countries with laws that conform to best practice, this report also shows which countries have made improvements, which have stayed the same, and which (in a few instances) have made changes that have moved their laws out of alignment with current best practice. Methods This series of global status reports on road safety has been developed through an iterative and consultative process with participating Member States. In the first phase, requests for data were sent out through a survey administered in 2017 by the WHO Headquarters to Regional and National Data Coordinators (R/NDC) appointed in each region or country. The self-administered survey contained questions relating to the status of the five pillars of the Decade of Action. With coordination by the NDCs, experts from different sectors within each country discussed and came to an agreement on the responses to the survey questions using information available. Based on the reported number of road traffic deaths and the source of data, adjustments were made to account for the potential under-reporting due to differences in definitions as well as limitations in the Civil Registration and Vital Statistics (CRVS) in many countries. This process resulted in an estimated number of fatalities, which is presented along with the reported figure. Following this, a final consultation was carried out to allow Member States to respond to any changes that resulted from the verification and validation process. This consultation also provided Member States an opportunity to comment on the WHO estimates for road traffic fatalities, which is often much higher than the official statistics. xv GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Data sources Three primary sources of data were used in the development of this report: 1) data collected from the self-administered surveys for which responses were received from 175 Member States; 2) data collected through publicly accessible databases, including the UN Economic Commission for Europe database on road traffic conventions, government websites, as well as specialised entities such as the Global New Car Assessment Programme and road inspection data collected by the International Road Assessment Programme to measure the level of safety for different road users; and 3) Global Health Estimates generated by the WHO Department for Information, Evidence and Research. For this report, 2018 data were used for the review of vehicle standards; 2017 data were used for the review of legislation, road standards and post-crash care; fatality estimates were based on data from 2016.
SECTION 1 CURRENT STATE OF GLOBAL ROAD SAFETY CHAPTER 1 THE GLOBAL BURDEN OF ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS • 6JGPWODGTQHTQaFVTaHficFGaVJUQPVJGYQTNFŨU roads remains unacceptably high. • 4QaFVTaHficiPLWTiGUaTGVJGNGaFiPIMiNNGTQHcJiNFTGP and young adults. • /QTGVJaPJaNHQHINQDaNTQaFVTaHficFGaVJUaTG amongst pedestrians, cyclists and motorcyclists who aTGUViNNVQQQHVGPPGINGcVGFiPTQaFVTaHficU[UVGO design in many countries. • There is progress being made, however, it is far from uniform across countries. • SDG 3.6 target to halve road deaths and injuries by 2020 will not be met without drastic action. 1.35 million deaths each year 8th leading cause of death for people of all ages 3 times higher death rates in low-income countries than in high-income countries 1st leading cause of death for children and young adults 5–29 years of age Key messages 45RaG WraIfic injuries are the 8th leading cause of death for people of all ages. 6henuODerofroadtrafficdeathUcontinueUtocliODreachinIa high of 1.35 million in 2016. However, the rate of death relative to theUi\eoftheworldŨUpopulationhaUUtaDili\edanddeclinedrelative to the number of motor vehicles in recent years (10). As shown in (iIureǡdeUpitetheincreaUeinaDUolutenuODerUtherateofroad trafficdeathUhaUreOainedfairlyconUtantatarounddeathUper 100,000 population over the last 15 years. While this does suggest that the problem is not worsening, the world is far from achieving SDG target 3.6, which calls for a reduction in the number of deaths DyahalfDy .+nUufficientproIreUUiUDeinIOade. Figure Number and rate of road traffic death per population: 2000–2016 0 5 10 15 20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 20 00 20 01 20 02 20 03 20 04 20 05 20 06 20 07 20 08 20 09 20 10 20 11 20 12 20 13 20 14 20 15 20 16 R ate of death/100,000 population Number of deaths Rate of death Year 1.15 18.8 1.35 18.2 N um be r of d ea th s (m ill io ns ) During the same period the number of vehicles worldwide has steadily increased, while death rates declined from 135 deaths for every 100,000 vehicles in 2000 to approximately 64 deaths for every 100,000 vehicles in 2016 (Figure 2). This represents a reduction of more than 50% in the last 15 years suggesting some progress in OitiIatinItheadverUeeffectUofincreaUinIOotori\edtranUport. Although progress has been made, these data show that it has not occurred at a pace fast enough to compensate for rapid population IrowthandincreaUinIOotori\ationworldwide. 20 15 10 5 Chapter 1 5 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 The number of deaths on the world’s roads remains unacceptably high with 1.35 million people dying each year. Figure Number of motor vehicles and rate of road traffic death per 100,000 vehicles: 2000–2016 N um be r of v eh ic le s (m ill io ns ) R ate of death/100,000 vehicles 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 20 00 20 01 20 02 20 03 20 04 20 05 20 06 20 07 20 08 20 09 20 10 20 11 20 12 20 13 20 14 20 15 20 16 Number of vehicles Rate of death Year 135 64 0.85 2.1 A leading killer of children 4oadtrafficinjuryiUtheth leading cause of death for all age groups, up from the 9th leading cause of death (10). It is also now the leading cauUeofdeathforchildrenandyounIadultUaIedŤyearU signalling a need for a shift in the current child health agenda, which has largely neglected the road safety (11). As progress is made in the prevention and control of infectious diseases, the relative contribution of deaths from noncommunicable diseases and injuries increases
./orepeoplenowdieaUareUultofroadtrafficinjurieUthan from HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and diarrhoeal diseases (10). +nadditiontotheinjurieUanddiUaDilitieUreUultinIfroOroadtraffic crashes, the safety of roads (or lack thereof) also impacts other public health issues as it contributes to inactivity. People are less likely to walk, cycle, or use public transportation when conditions are unsafe and this has a bearing on other leading causes of death shown in Table 1 (12). These include ischaemic heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and diabetes, while increaUinIOotori\ationhaUalUoDeenlinMedwithreUpiratoryillneUUeU. 5iOultaneouUlypreventinIroadtrafficdeathUandencouraIinIactive travel in safe environments will contribute to reducing the overall burden of preventable deaths. (b ill io ns ) 65RaG WraIfic injuries are now the leading cause of death for children and young adults aged 5–29 years. Table 1: Leading causes of death, all ages, 2016 Rank Cause % of total deaths All Causes 1 Ischaemic heart disease 16.6 2 Stroke 10.2 3 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 5.4 4 Lower respiratory infections 5.2 5 #l\heiOerŨUdiUeaUeandotherdeOentiaU 3.5 6 Trachea, bronchus, lung cancers 3.0 7 Diabetes mellitus 2.8 8 4oadtrafficinjurieU 2.5 9 Diarrhoeal diseases 2.4 10 Tuberculosis 2.3 2016 WHO Global Health Estimates Progress is not uniform across regions and income levels 2roIreUUinreducinIroadtrafficdeathUoverthelaUtfewyearUvarieU UiInificantlyDetweenthedifferentreIionUandcountrieUoftheworld. There continues to be a strong association between the risk of a roadtrafficdeathandtheincoOelevelofcountrieU.9ithanaveraIe rate of 27.5 deaths per 100,000 population, the risk is more than 3 times higher in low-income countries than in high-income countries where the average rate is 8.3 deaths 100,000 population. As shown in(iIuretheDurdenofroadtrafficdeathUiUdiUproportionately hiIhaOonIlowandOiddleincoOecountrieUinrelationtotheUi\e of their populations and the number of motor vehicles in circulation. #lthouIhonlyoftheworldŨUOotorvehicleUareinlowincoOe countries, 13% of deaths occur in these countries. Chapter 1 7 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 There has been no reduction in the number of road WraIfic GeaWKs in any low-income country since 2013. Figure Proportion of population road traffic deaths and registered motor vehicles by country income category*, 2016 9% 76% 15% POPULATION 13% 80% 7% ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS 1% 59% 40% VEHICLES high-income middle-income low-income incoOelevelUareDaUedon9orld$anMclaUUificationU. There has also been more progress in reducing the number of roadtrafficdeathUaOonIOiddleandhiIhincoOecountrieUthan low-income countries. As shown in Figure 4, between 2013 and 2016, noreductionUinthenuODerofroadtrafficdeathUwereoDUervedin any low-income country, while some reductions were observed in ǡOiddleandhiIhincoOecountrieU.1verallthenuODerofdeathU increased in 104 countries during this period. Figure 4: Number of countries where a change in the number of road traffic deaths has been observed since 17 60 27 7 15 1 25 23 0 HIGH-INCOME MIDDLE-INCOME LOW-INCOME Increased No Change Decreased *These data represent countries that have seen more than a 2% change in their number of deaths since 2013, and excludes countries with populations under 200 000. The income levels are based on 2017 9orld$anMclaUUificationU. 8The rates of road WraIfic GeaWK are KiJKesW in $Irica (26.6/100,000 people) and South-East Asia (20.7/100,000 people). Inequalities across regions Countries in Africa and South-East Asia have regional rates of road trafficdeathUhiIherthantheIloDalratewith.and.deathU perpopulationreUpectively.6hiUiUfollowedDycountrieUin the'aUtern/editerraneanand9eUtern2acificwhichhavereIional rateUcoOparaDlewiththeIloDalratewithand.deathUper populationreUpectively.%ountrieUinthe#OericaUand 'uropehavetheloweUtreIionalrateUof.and.deathUper peoplereUpectively.+nterOUofproIreUUOade inthree oftheUiZreIionU #OericaU'urope9eUtern2acific therateUof deathhavedecreaUedUince. Figure Rates of road traffic death per population by :H2 regions 2013 2016 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Africa Americas Eastern Mediterranean Europe South-East Asia Western 2acific World R at e of d ea th /1 00 ,0 00 p op ul at io n WHO Region 26.1 / 26.6 15.9 / 15.6 17.9 / 18 10.4 / 9.3 19.8 / 20.7 18 / 16.9 18.3 / 18.2 9iththeeZceptionofthe'aUtern/editerraneanreIiontherateof roadtrafficdeathUperpopulationIenerallydecreaUeUaU incoOeincreaUeU .+nthe#OericaUforeZaOpletherateofroad trafficdeathUaOonIhiIhincoOecountrieUiU.per Chapter 1 9 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 population, while it is 18.3 among low-income countries. In Africa there is an observable difference between middle-income countries, which have a rate of death of 23.6 per 100,000 population and low- income countries, where the rate is 29.3 per 100,000 population. At the other end of the continuum, in Europe, the rate of road traffic deaths in middle-income countries (14.4 deaths per 100,000 population) is nearly three times higher than in high-income countries, where there are 5.1 road traffic deaths per 100,000 population. 10 More than half RI aOO rRaG WraIfic deaths are among vulnerable road users: pedestrians, cyclists and motorcyclists. Vulnerable road users disproportionately impacted The variation in rates of deaths observed across regions and countries also corresponds with differences in the types of road users most affected. Globally, pedestrians and cyclists represent 26% ofalldeathUwiththoUeuUinIOotori\edtwoandthreewheelerU comprising another 28%. Car occupants make up 29% of all deaths andthereOaininIareunidentifiedroaduUerU1. Africa has the highest proportion of pedestrian and cyclist mortalities with 44% of deathU.+n5outh'aUt#Uiaandthe9eUtern2acifictheOajorityof deathUareaOonIriderUofOotori\edtwoandthreewheelerUwho represent 43% and 36% of all deaths respectively. #lthouIhpedeUtrianUcycliUtUandriderUofOotori\edtwoandthree wheelers-are more vulnerable as a result of being less protected than car occupants, the heavy burden of deaths borne by these road users iUalUoareflectionofinfraUtructureandvehicledeUiInthatprioriti\eU carUandotherOotori\edtranUport .&eUpitetheproOinenceof vulnerable road users in many parts of the world, many of whom cannot afford or do not have access to the safest vehicles, they are still largely ignored in the planning, design and operation of roads. In many countries, roads still lack separate lanes for cyclists or adequate crossings for pedestrians and allow motor vehicle speeds that are too high (15). Similarly, while vehicle standards have been developed for car occupants, many are not widely implemented in vehicles sold in low- and middle-income countries. Only recently have more car manufacturers begun to implement standards in high-income countries to ensure that design also protects road users outside of the vehicle (16). The heavy burden of deaths borne by these groups constitutes an issue of equity, aUincoOeandUocialUtatuUDecoOeUocialdeterOinantUofroadtraffic deaths and injury (17). 1 The distribution of deaths among road user categories is based on data reported by countries. In some countries, these data are not available or are incomplete, which contributes to the large percentaIeofthoUeidentifiedaUŧotherUŨorŧunUpecifiedŨ. Chapter 1 11 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Figure 6: Distribution of deaths by road user type by WHO Region 7% 40% 4% 9% 40% 34% 23%3% 18% 22% 22% 22% 14% 36%6% 43% 25% 16% 14% 2% 48% 11%5% 9% 27% 15%2% 34% 39% 10% Eastern Mediterranean South-East Asia Africa Europe Americas Driver / passengers of 4 wheeled vehicles Motorized 2-3 wheelers Cyclists Pedestrians WORLD 29% 28%3% 23% 17% 12 Box 1: Integrating road safety and urban mobility strategies in Bogotá, Colombia $QIQVȄTGFWcGFVJGPWODGTQHVTaHficFGaVJUD[DGVYGGPaPFD[iORNGOGPViPI an integrated approach to road safety and urban mobility: • 5VTQPIOa[QTaNNGaFGTUJiRYaURTGUGPVYJicJaNNQYGFiPVGITaVGFiPUViVWViQPaNfiPaPciaNaPF TGIWNaVQT[TGHQTOUcQODiPGFYiVJOGUUaIGUVJaVTGUQPaVGFYiVJciVi\GPU • 0GYiPXGUVOGPVYaUWPFGTVaMGPiPciV[ iPHTaUVTWcVWTGQHaTQWPF75ǡDiNNiQPDGVYGGP aPFiPQXGTMOQH$WU4aRiF6TaPURQTV $46 PGaTN[ǡMOQHDiMGYa[UaPF ǡO2 of improved pedestrian infrastructure. The investment was enabled by institutional and tax reform and a sustainable mobility-oriented response to public demand for improved commuting options. • Road safety improvements included safer public transport, improved sidewalks and cycle lanes, regulations and their enforcement of seat-belt wearing and drink-driving penalties, reform of the police system, public transport improvement reducing the rate of mode shift to private cars and motorcycles and avoiding exposure to risk. • In December 2017, Bogotá adopted a new Vision Zero plan, based on the safe system approach, comprising further coordinated, integrated action to proactively reduce deaths and serious injury numbers yet further. Sources: JVVRU YYYQFiQTIUiVGUQFiQTIWMfiNGUTGUQWTcGFQcWOGPVURFH http://www.despacio.org/portfolio/bogota-bicycle-account-2014/https://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/40717%28148%292: 13 Box 2: Improving the safety of school zones in the Republic of Korea 6JG4GRWDNicQH-QTGaJaUGZRGTiGPcGFVJGrdNaTIGUVFGcNiPGiPVJGVTaHficHaVaNiV[TaVGUaOQPI OECD countries since 1972. A historical focus on transport infrastructure investment and economic development resulted in less emphasis on road safety, particularly on the safety of pedestrians suffering death and injury at the expense of wider, faster roads. To address this problem and with the aim of lowering iVUJiIJTQaFFGaVJTaVGVJG-QTGaPIQXGTPOGPVcaTTiGFQWVaPaPaN[UiUQHTQaFVTaHficiPLWT[ records and the highest risk locations in the network. A new national strategy was adopted to improve road safety through investments in school \QPGRTQITaOOGUiORTQXiPIVJGTGIWNaViQPQHUcJQQNDWUGU iPcTGaUiPIfiPGUHQTXiQNaViQPU YiVJiPUcJQQN\QPGUcNaORiPIFQYPQPWPTGIWNaVGFUcJQQNVTaPURQTVUWRRQTViPIciXiNUQciGV[ QTIaPi\aViQPUiPTQaFUaHGV[aFXQcac[aPFcQPViPWQWUN[aOGPFiPIaPFiORTQXiPITQaFUaHGV[ NGIiUNaViQP6JGUGGHHQTVUaTGTGRQTVGFVQJaXGcQPVTiDWVGFVQaTGFWcViQPiPTQaFVTaHfic deaths among children under 14 years of age between 1998 and 2012. 5QWTcG 5WN,.GG,-aPI&5.GG9;5JiO,+/[GQPI/GVaN-QTGaŨU4GFWcViQPiP%JiNF6TaHfic(aVaNiViGU PQNiciGUaPF#cJiGXGOGPVU =+PVGTPGV?)Q[aPIUi4GRWDNicQH-QTGa =ciVGF0QX?#XaiNaDNGHTQO JVVRU YYYMFGXGNQRGFiaQTIFQYPNQaFFQ!ViOG(iNG OPV iFaUaUUGV&1%P&(RFHQTiIiP(iNG0aOG -5PRFH CHAPTER 2 INSTITUTIONAL MANAGEMENT 132 countries have national strategies for road safety that are funded 109 countries have national targets for the reduction of road traffic deaths • Achieving global and national road safety goals and targets requires appropriate management capacity. • Such capacity should be demonstrated through effective institutional leadership within responsible agencies, multi-sectoral coordination arrangements, sustainable funding and data systems to measure, target and monitor progress. • The inclusion of two SDG targets focused on road safety represents a major milestone for global road safety, confirming it is an essential element of the health and development agenda. • 12 recently agreed upon global road safety performance targets will help countries to improve their road safety management and assess progress. Key messages 16 Institutional management provides the foundation for improving road safety (18). The establishment of an appropriately resourced lead agency and coordination arrangements to guide the national road safety effort; the assessment of the state of play and capacity; the setting of goals and targets in road safety strategies; plans and projectU theproviUionoffinancialandhuOanreUourceUtoaddreUUthe problem and the monitoring and evaluation of activity are all essential to implementing effective, system-wide interventions (4,18,19). Among the 175 participating countries, 140 indicated that they have a national strategy for road safety of which 132 reported having strategies that are funded. In addition to having national strategies for road safety, 109 countries reported having a national target for thereductionofroadtrafficdeathU. Similarly, while most countries (161) reported that they have established lead agency arrangements, only 130 reported that these are funded. While many countries reported having funded lead agencies and strategies, the extent of funding was not assessed. Among those with lead agencies, 159 had lead agencies that assumed responsibility for coordination, 144 had lead agencies that assumed responsibility for monitoring the status of road safety, and 149 had lead agencies that also had responsibility for enacting and revising legislation. Voluntary global road safety performance targets Against this background and in addition to the continuing provision of international guidance on a range of issues, several notable global developments have taken place since the last report was published, designed to assist countries in focusing their road safety management initiatives. 109 countries have national targets for the reduction of road WraIfic GeaWKs Chapter 2 17 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 18 149 countries have lead agencies that also assume responsibility for road safety OeJisOaWiRn In a call to action at the global level in September 2015, the United Nations General Assembly adopted a series of SDGs as part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The SDGs include UpecifictarIetUrelatedtoroadUafetyUhownin$oZandtheirUettinI repreUentUaOajorOileUtoneforIloDalroadUafetyconfirOinIroad safety as an essential element of the health and development agenda. In November 2017, Member States, with the support of WHO, the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, UNICEF, World Bank and other agencies, reached consensus on a set of 12 Voluntary Global Performance Targets for Road Safety Risk Factors and Service Delivery Mechanisms (Box 4). These voluntary targets provide a framework to guide and monitor the implementation of legislation, the establishment of standards and other interventions to prevent crashes, injuries, and deaths that are highlighted in this report. Box 3: Sustainable Development Goals for Road Safety (September 2015) By 2020, to halve the number of global deaths and injuries from road trafficcraUheU. By 2030, to provide access to safe, affordable, accessible and sustainable transport systems for all, improving road safety, notably by expanding public transport, with special attention to the needs of those in vulnerable situations, women, children, persons with disabilities, and older persons. Chapter 2 19 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 for the past 3 YEARS 6heplateauinroadtrafficdeathU UetaIainUtaincreaUeinIloDal populationandincreaUein Ootori\ationUuIIeUtUthatroad UafetyeffortUoverthepaUtyearU haveUavedliveU. s g s 4% s g b 16% s m z , s gg s s s s s 3 s s s Box 4: Global Voluntary Performance Targets for Road Safety Risk Factors and Service Delivery Mechanisms, 2017GLOBAL ROAD SAFETY PERFORMANCE TARGETS 2020 1 Target 1: By 2020, all countries establish a comprehensive multisectoral national road safety action plan with time-bound targets. Target 2: By 2030, all countries accede to one or more of the core road safety-related UN legal instruments. 2030 2 Target 3: By 2030, all new roads achieve technical standards for all road users that take into account road safety, or meet a three star rating or better. 2030 3 Target 4: By 2030, more than 75% of travel on existing roads is on roads that meet technical standards for all road users that take into account road safety. 2030 4 Target 5: By 2030, 100% of new (defined as produced, sold or imported) and used vehicles meet high quality safety standards, such as the recommended priority UN Regulations, Global Technical Regulations, or equivalent recognized national performance requirements. 2030 5 Target 6: By 2030, halve the proportion of vehicles travelling over the posted speed limit and achieve a reduction in speed- related injuries and fatalities. 2030 6 Target 7: By 2030, increase the proportion of motorcycle riders correctly using standard helmets to close to 100%. 2030 7 Target 8: By 2030, increase the proportion of motor vehicle occupants using safety belts or standard child restraint systems to cl se to 100%. 2030 8 Target 9: By 2030, halve the number of road traffic injuries and fatalities related to drivers using alcohol, and/or achieve a reduction in those related to other psychoactive substances. 2030 9 Target 10: By 2030, all countries have national laws to restrict or prohibit the use of mobile phones while driving. 2030 10 Target 11: By 2030, all countries to enact regulation for driving time and rest periods for professional drivers, and/or accede to international/regional regulation in this area. 2030 11 Target 12: By 2030, all countries establish and achieve national targets in order to minimize the time interval between road traffic crash and the provision of first professional emergency care. 2030 12 Following the request of the United Nations General Assembly, on November 22, 2017 Member States reached consensus on 12 global road safety performance targets. For more information: http://www.who.int/violence_ injury_prevention/road_tra c/road-safety-targets/en/ PILLAR 1: Road safety management PILLAR 2: Safer roads and mobility PILLAR 3: Safe vehicles PILLAR 4: Safe road users PILLAR 5: Post-crash response 20 Source: Swedish Transport Administration (2015) Analysis of Road Safety Trends 2014 — Management by Objectives for Road Safety Work, Towards the 2020 Interim Targets, Borlange. Box 5: Managing by objectives in Sweden Sweden is a global leader in road safety performance with 2.8 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants. $etYeen 1 and 1, the number of road traffic deaths decreased by 66%. 'Zperience in Sweden illustrates how better results can be achieved through long-term, perennial planning of systematic, evidence-based approaches to intervention, supported by a strong institutional delivery including leadership, sustained investment and a focus on achieving ambitious road safety goals and targets across government, business and civil society. In October 1997 the Swedish Parliament adopted Vision Zero - a new long-term goal and a new strategic framework for road safety, which many countries are now adopting. The goal, supported by interim targets and objectives, follows the public health approach of preventing deaths and serious inLury in road traffic crashes. The strategy is to create shared responsibility for the better management of all parts of the road traffic system in order to address MnoYn common errors and human vulnerabilities and thus avoid severe crash outcomes. As with the 12 voluntary global targets set in 2017, the aim is to provide focal points for meaningful, shared, multisectoral activity at national, regional and local levels. The Swedish objectives target progress to 2020 and include safe road infrastructure at national and municipal levels, a higher proportion of undivided roads with an 80 km/h speed limit and median barriers, more municipal roads with footpaths and cycle paths, better compliance with speed limits, sober driving, seat-belt use, helmet use, higher car safety ratings and a higher share of motorcycles equipped with anti-lock braking systems. Chapter 2 21 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 for the past 3 YEARS 6heplateauinroadtrafficdeathU set against a 4% increase in global population and 16% increase in motorization, suggests that road safety efforts over the past 3 years have saved lives. CHAPTER 3 LEGISLATION AND ROAD USER BEHAVIOUR 123 countries have laws that meet best practice for at least one of the five key behavioural risk factors 22 countries made improvements to bring their laws into alignment with best practice on one or more risk factors 45 countries have drink− driving laws that align with best practice 46 countries have speed laws that align with best practice 49 countries have helmet laws that align with best practice 105 countries have seat-belt laws that align with best practice 33 countries have child restraint laws that align with best practice • Enacting and enforcing legislation on key risk factors are critical components of an integrated strategy to prevent road traffic deaths and inLuries • #s measured against best practice criteria, 13 countries representing billion people have laws that meet best practice for at least one of the five Mey behavioural risM factors • &espite the progress made in improving legislation across the five Mey risM factors, enforcement remains a maLor challenge in most countries Key messages 22 countries representing 1 billion people amended their laws on one or more risk factors to bring them into alignment with best practice. 'nactinIandenforcinIleIiUlationonMeyriUMfactorUincludinIUpeed drinMdrivinIOotorcyclehelOetuUeuUeofUeatDeltUandchild reUtraintUyUteOUarecriticalcoOponentUofaninteIratedUtrateIy topreventroadtrafficdeathUincountrieU Ť ..eIiUlation toIetherwithUtandardUandcoOpliancereIiOeUforthelicenUinI anddiUSualificationofdriverUandriderUneedUtoDealiInedwith enforceOentOediacaOpaiInUand inUoOecaUeU invehicle OeaUureUUuchaUtheavailaDilityofUeatDeltUandfitOentUtoDe effective .2oliceenforceOentinitiativeUneedtoDeUwiftfreSuent andUuUtainedoveralonIperiodoftiOetoincreaUetheperceived riUMofDeinIcauIhtandpuniUhedDutalUorandoOandwideUpread toincreaUethechanceofdetection.)iventheOultiUectoralnature ofroadUafetylawUandenforceOentUtandardUareUetDyUeveral IovernOentaIencieUincludinIpuDlichealthtranUport internal affairUUcienceandtechnoloIyandoccupationalhealthandUafety andtheUereSuireacoordinatedeffortacroUUUectorU . .eIiUlationonMeyriUMfactorUfroOparticipatinIcountrieUhaUDeen reviewedaIainUtDeUtpracticecriteriainordertoidentifyIapUand opportunitieUforiOproveOent.%urrentlycountrieUrepreUentinI nearlyDillionpeoplehavelawUthatOeetDeUtpracticeforatleaUt oneofthefiveMeyDehaviouralriUMfactorU.#UUhownin6aDle countrieUhavelawUOeetinIDeUtpracticeforoneriUMfactor havelawUOeetinIDeUtpracticefortworiUMfactorU have lawUOeetinIDeUtpracticeonthreeriUMfactorU havelawU OeetinIpracticeonfourriUMfactorU andonlyfivecountrieUhave lawUthatOeetDeUtpracticeforallfiveMeyriUMfactorU:UpeedinI drinMdrivinIuUeofOotorcyclehelOetUuUeofUeatDeltUanduUe ofchildreUtraintU. Chapter 3 ).1$#.56#6754'21461041#&5#('6;2018 One-third of countries rated their enforcement as «good» for any of the laws related to the 5 key risk factors. Table 2: Number of countries and populations covered by laws meeting best practice Number of risk factors covered by laws Number of Countries Total Population covered riUMfactor riUMfactorU riUMfactorU riUMfactorU riUMfactorU 6otal UpeedinIdrinMdrivinIuUeofOotorcyclehelOetUuUeofUeatDeltUuUeofchildreUtraintU 5incecountrieUhaveaOendedtheirlawUononeorOore MeyriUMfactorUtoDrinItheOinlinewithDeUtpracticecoverinIa potentialadditionaloneDillionpeopleoroftheworldŨUpopulation. #UUhownin(iIureUoOeiOproveOentwaUOadeforeachofthe fiveDehaviouralriUMfactorUwiththelarIeUtiOproveOentfoundfor drinMdrivinIlawU tencountrieU followedDyOotorcyclehelOet lawU fivecountrieU childreUtraintU fourcountrieU andUeatDeltU
threecountrieU .#UareUultofonecountryaliIninIwithDeUtpractice andoneOaMinIchanIeUthatDrouIhtitoutofaliInOentwith DeUtpracticethenuODerofcountrieUwithlawUaliIninIwithDeUt practiceforUpeedreOainedtheUaOe.&eUpitetheproIreUUOade iniOprovinIleIiUlationacroUUthefiveMeyriUMfactorUenforceOent reOainUaOajorchallenIeinOoUtcountrieU.1nlyonethirdof countrieUratedtheirenforceOentaUūIoodŬ eiIhtoraDoveona Ucaleof\erototenaUratedDyreUpondentU foranyoftheriUM factorUindicatinIthatOanyoftheUecountrieUarenotreapinIthe fullDenefitoftheirleIiUlation. 26 Figure 7: Countries with laws meeting best practice on 5 risk factors, 2014, 2017 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Speed Drink-driving Seat-belt Helmet Child restraints Countries 2014 Additional countries in 2017 N um be r of c ou nt ri es 46 / 0 35 / 10 102 / 3 44 / 5 29 / 4 Figure 8: Populations covered by laws meeting best practice, 2014, 2017 N um be r of p eo pl e co ve re d (B ill io ns ) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Speed Drink-driving Seat-belt Helmet Child restraints Number of people 2014 Additional number of people in 2017 2.7 / 0.24 2.15 / 0.18 5.14 / 0.11 2.27 / 0.4 0.55 / 0.1 Chapter 3 ).1$#.56#6754'21461041#&5#('6;2018 Managing speed 6heUpeedatwhichavehicletravelUdirectlyinfluenceUtheriUMof acraUhaUwellaUtheUeverityofinjurieUandliMelihoodofdeath reUultinIfroOthatcraUh .'ffectiveUpeedOanaIeOentiUaUUuch centraltoOoUtinterventionUtrateIieU.6heUettinIandenforceOent ofUpeed liOitU repreUentUaMeycoOponentofcoOprehenUive UpeedOanaIeOentaUpartofaninteIratedapproachinvolvinI conUiderationoftheprotectiveSualityofroadUroadUideUvehicleU andhuOantolerancethreUholdUfordeathandUeriouUinjury . 'venUOallreductionUinUpeedaffectfatalandUeriouUcraUhriUMand theeffectiveneUUofroadandvehicleinterventionUtopreventdeath andUeriouUinjury . ´ #nacceptedprincipleiUthateveryincreaUeinOeanUpeed produceUaincreaUeinthefatalcraUhriUMandaincreaUe intheUeriouUcraUhriUM . ´ #reductioninaveraIeUpeedcanreducethenuODeroffatalitieU Dy . 5OallreductionUinUpeedalUoinfluencethreUholdUfordeathand UeriouUinjuryriUMindifferentcraUhUcenarioU: ´ (orpedeUtrianUhitDycarfrontUthedeathriUMriUeUrapidly
.tiOeUfroOMO/htoMO/h . ´ +ncartocarUideiOpactUthefatalityriUMforcaroccupantUiU atMO/h . ´ (orDeltedoccupantUintheDeUtdeUiInedcarU 'uro0%#2Utar thethreUholdforUevereandfatalinjuryhaveDeenidentifiedaU ǡMO/h travelUpeedatiOpact inheadoncartocarcraUheU . 46 countries representing 3 billion people currently have laws setting speed limits that align with best practice. 4eviewofUpeedlawU 6hreeDeUtpracticecriteriawereuUedintheaUUeUUOentofleIiUlation onUpeedlawU: ´ preUenceofanationalUpeedliOitlaw ´ urDanUpeedliOitUnoteZceedinIǡMO/h DaUedonreUearch lowerliOitUarerecoOOendedforurDanareaUandǡMO/hfor reUidentialareaUandareaUwithhiIhpedeUtrianactivity and ´ localauthoritieUhavinIthepowertoOodifyUpeedliOitU toadapt todifferentconteZtU . 6hereUultUUhowthatcountrieU repreUentinIoftheworldŨU population haveUetnationalUpeedliOitlawUhoweveronlyof theUecountrieUhavelawUthatOeetallthreeDeUtpracticecriteria. 5inceoneadditionalcountryaliIneditUleIiUlationwithDeUt practiceandonecountryOadechanIeUthatreUultedintheleIiUlation nolonIeraliIninIwithDeUtpracticeonUpeedOanaIeOent.#OonI countrieUwithleIiUlationOeetinIat leaUtoneofthethreeDeUt practicecriteriacountrieUprovideforUpeedliOitUeSualtoor underMO/hinurDanareaUandprovidelocalauthoritieUwith thepowertoOodifyUpeedliOitUintheirlawU.#UUhownin(iIure thepreUenceofDeUtpracticelawUwaUfoundtoDeOorecoOOon aOonIhiIhincoOecountrieU thanOiddleorlowincoOe countrieU andreUpectively . 'nforceOentcaOpaiInUplayaniOportantroleinenUurinIreUpect forandcoOpliancewithUpeedliOitU .%oODinationUofDoth OanualandautoOatedenforceOentOethodUcanincreaUethe proDaDilityofdetectinIviolationU .#utoOatedenforceOent
UuchaUfiZedcaOeraandOoDileinvehiclefitteddeviceU UyUteOU arehiIhlycoUteffectiveandaniOportantconUiderationeUpecially for lowreUourceUettinIU .#totalofcountrieUreported conductinIUpeedenforceOentactivitieU.&eUpitethefactthat The presence of best practice laws was found to be more common in high-income countries than in middle- or low- income countries. Chapter 3 29 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 of the 157 countries indicated that they do employ some automated methods, for the majority of countries, manual speed enforcement remains the dominant method of enforcement. As such, it is not surprising that only 30 countries rated their enforcement of speed laws as “good” (eight or above on a scale of zero to ten). Figure 9: Countries with speed laws meeting best practice, 2017 Speed limits on urban roads ≤ 50 km/h and can be modified Speed limits on urban roads ≤ 50 km/h but cannot be modified No speed law or speed limit on urban roads > 50 km/h Not applicable Data not available 30 Box 6: Setting urban speed limits in Thailand 5etting speed limits appropriate to road function, layout and design and which taMe account of the safety needs of all creates a frameworM for safe road use 6ypically, maZimum speed limits across the networM are set at national level on the initiative of roads and transport authorities 6hailandŨs current urban speed law was established in 1 and sets a maZimum speed of 0ǡMm/h for urban areas 6he 0 Mm/h limit on urban roads is far from aligning with current best practice, which recommends a maZimum speed limit for urban areas of 50 Mm/h and lower limits in areas where pedestrian volumes are high, such as residential or city streets 5ince 015, efforts have been made to amend the national speed legislation but were unsuccessful +n 015, the focus shifted from changing the national legislation to empowering and encouraging provinces to use the provision in the law to set their own speed limits #dditionally, guidelines have been provided for local governments to set appropriate speed limits +n 01, with guidelines in place for setting speed limits in municipalities,ǡprovinces have started to set more appropriate speed limits, and by 5eptember 01, half of the provinces have set urban speed limits not eZceeding 50 Mm/h 6his eZample illustrates the importance of local initiatives in moving towards appropriate urban speed limits, when national speed limit setting fails to move in line with best practice 5ources /inisterial 4egulation 0umber 1 )uidelines for 5etting 5peed .imits in City and /unicipality Chapter 3 ).1$#.56#6754'21461041#&5#('6;2018 Reducing drink-driving +tiUeUtiOatedthatDetweenandofallroaddeathUarereported aUalcoholrelated .&rivinIafterdrinMinIalcoholUiInificantly increaUeUtheriUMofacraUhandtheUeverityofthatcraUh . #nyaOountofalcoholhaUDeenUhowntoiOpairdrivinIDehaviour andthereiUarapidandeZponentialincreaUeinriUMforlevelUeZceedinI .ǡI/dlfortheIeneraldrivinIpopulation.4educinIDloodalcohol concentrationU $#% froO.ǡI/dlto.ǡI/dlOaycontriDutetoa reductionofŤinalcoholrelatedroadtrafficfatalitieU . 9hile$#%liOitUprovidedforinleIiUlationneedtoDeatthecoreof effortUtoaddreUUdrinMinIanddrivinIaninteIratedapproachto interventioninvolveUcoODinedpuDlicityandhiIhviUiDilitypolice enforceOentandthefitOentofalcolocMUincoOOercialandpuDlic tranUportvehicleU .+tiUDeUtpracticetoUetliOitUof.ǡI/dl foryounIandnovicedriverUinviewoftheirIreaterUuUceptiDilityto iOpairOentDyalcoholatlowerlevelUandtheirdiUproportionately hiIherriUMofDeinIinvolvedinfatalcraUheU thouIhnotincluded aUaDeUtpracticecriteriaforthiUanalyUiUtheUettinIofalower liOitof.ǡI/dlhaUalUoDeenconUideredforcoOOercialdriverU duetothefactthattheytranUportpaUUenIerUandthepotential deathUandinjurieUinflictedDytrucMcolliUionUiUIreaterthanother paUUenIervehicleU . 4eviewofdrinMdrivinIlawU 6hreeDeUtpracticecriteriawereconUideredfortheaUUeUUOentof drinMdrivinIlawU: ´ preUenceofanationaldrinMdrivinIlaw ´ $#%liOitfortheIeneralpopulationnoteZceedinI.ǡI/dl and ´ $#%liOitforyounIandnovicedriverUnoteZceedinI.ǡI/dl. 45 countries representing 2.3 billion people currently have drink-driving laws that align with best practice. 32 While nearly all of the participating countries have national drink- driving laws in place, not all specify a BAC limit which makes it difficult to enforce the law. Of the 174 with laws, 136 countries provide for BAC threshold limits. Among these, 45 countries meet all three best practice criteria for drink-driving laws with specified thresholds for both the general population (0.05 g/dl) as well as for young and novice drivers (0.02 g/dl). Of those countries with laws that meet at least one of the best practice criteria, 89 countries specify the recommended BAC limit of 0.05 g/dl for the general population; 48 specify a BAC limit of 0.02 g/dl for young and novice drivers; while 53 have provisions for reduced limits of 0.02 g/dl among commercial drivers. Progress has been made since 2014 with an additional ten countries now meeting overall best practice for drink-driving laws, representing coverage of an additional 180 million people. As shown in Figure 10, more high-income countries (58%) have laws that meet overall best practice criteria for drink-driving than middle-income countries or low-income countries (40% and 2%, respectively). Whereas 60% of countries with laws meeting best practice are from the European region only 2% are from the African region. Enforcement that incorporates random breath testing strategies (as opposed to those that are targeted during certain times and in certain areas) is more effective in increasing both the perceived and actual probability of being caught and so deterring drinking and driving (38). This review showed that more than half of all countries undertake year round random breath testing Chapter 3 33 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Data on drink-driving remains limited in many countries and is necessary to understanding the magnitude of the problem as well as to evaluate the impact of efforts to prevent it. Of those surveyed, 94 countries have data on road traffic deaths, which involve alcohol consumption amongst drivers, mostly high- and middle-income countries and only five low-income. Estimates for many countries are based on data from crash reports that generally underestimate the extent of the problem. 125 countries reported that fatally injured drivers are tested for alcohol of which 72 reported that the testing is routinely carried out for all cases. Figure 10: Countries with drink-driving laws meeting best practice, 2017 Data not available Not applicable Alcohol consumption legally prohibited No drink–driving law/Law not based on BAC/ BAC > 0.08 g/dl BAC ≤ 0.05 g/dl and BAC for young/novice drivers ≤ 0.02 g/dl BAC between 0.05 g/dl and 0.08 g/dl or BAC for young/novice drivers > 0.02 g/dl 34 35 Box 7: Effectiveness of changing legal blood alcohol concentration limits in Brazil $ra\ilŨs first drinMdriving law based on $#C limits was enacted in 1 maMing it an offence to drive with a $#C in eZcess of 00 g/dl # study of road fatalities in 5ao 2aulo, $ra\il found that 3 of people Milled in road traffic crashes had $#C levels greater than 001ǡg/dl and 4 of drivers presented had $#C levels greater than 00 g/dl +n order to tacMle this public health threat, the $ra\ilian government enacted the new ū&ry .awŬ in ,une 00, which reduced the legal $#C limit from 00ǡg/dl to 00ǡg/dl /onitoring in the capital and 5tate of 5ao 2aulo between 001 to 010 indicated that the new law resulted in significant reductions in inLuries and fatalities 6he effect was stronger for fatalities a decrease of ƈ and ƈ10 in the average monthly rate in the 5tate and capital of 5ao 2aulo, respectively than for inLuries ƈ1 and ƈ3 9hile the new law resulted in casualty reduction, barriers to its application remained 0otably, drivers had a right to refuse a $#C test, which made it difficult to impose criminal sanctions related to $#C test levels 6he $ra\ilian government subseSuently amended the ū&ry .awŬ in &ecember 01 to allow police officers to use alternative evidence eg clinical signs or videos to support a drinMdriving offence 6he amendment also made it illegal to have any measurable alcohol in the blood and doubled the original 1 fines 5ources #ndreuccetti ), Carvalho *$, Cherpitel C,, et al 4educing the legal blood alcohol concentration limit for driving in developing countries # time for change! 4esults and implications derived from a time series analysis 001 10 conducted in $ra\il #ddiction 011 10 1 14131 /oura 'C, /alta &C, /orais 0eto 1., 2enna )1, 6emporao ,) /otor vehicle driving after binge drinMing, $ra\il, 00 to 00 4ev 5aude 2ublica 00 43 5 14 Increasing motorcycle helmet use $etweenandthenuODeroftwoandthreewheelerUin circulationontheworldŨUroadUincreaUedDy.+nthetencountrieU withtheIreateUtnuODerUoftheUevehicleUOotorcycleUcoOpriUe Oorethanofthenationalvehiclefleet. *eadinjurieUaretheleadinIcauUeofdeathandOajortrauOafor twoandthreewheeledOotorvehicleuUerU .%orrecthelOet uUecanleadtoareductionintheriUMoffatalinjurieUanda reductionintheriUMofheadinjurieU .6heuUeofhelOetU iUaUUuchaniOportantOeanUofpreventinIroadtrafficdeathU. .eIiUlation Uhould provide for helOet uUe Dy all paUUenIerU includinIchildrenandUhouldDeUupportedDypuDlicawareneUU caOpaiInUandUuUtainedenforceOent.)oodhelOetdeUiInand correctuUeofUtandardhelOetUwhenridinIaOotorcyclearehiIhly iOportant . 4eviewofOotorcyclehelOetlawU (iveDeUtpracticecriteriawereconUideredfortheaUUeUUOentof OotorcyclehelOetlawU: ´ preUenceofanationalOotorcyclehelOetlaw ´ lawapplyinItoDothdriverUandpaUUenIerU ´ lawapplyinItoallroadandenIinetypeU ´ lawUpecifyinIthathelOetUUhouldDefaUtened and ´ lawreferrinIto/UpecifyinIaUtandardforhelOetU. #UUhownin(iIureoftheǡcountrieUthathaveOandatory helOetlawUforOotorcycliUtUonly repreUentinIoftheworld 49 countries representing 2.7 billion people currently have laws on motorcycle helmet use that align with best practice. Chapter 3 37 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 38 population) have laws that meet all five best practice criteria. Among those with laws that meet at least one best practice criteria, 160 have laws to protect all riders (drivers and passengers); 82 have laws requiring helmets to be fastened; and 93 refer to helmet standards in their laws. Since 2014, five countries have made amendments to existing legislation to align them with best practice, providing coverage to an additional 397 million people. Despite the prevalence of motorcycles in low-income settings, only 6% of the countries with laws meeting best practice criteria are low-income countries. Only 63 countries, representing 33% of the world’s population, restrict child passengers on motorcycles. Enforcement of helmet-wearing laws are generally weak; only 61 countries rate their enforcement of helmet-wearing laws as “good” (eight or above on a scale of 0 to 10). Similarly, less than half of countries surveyed (75) have data available on helmet-wearing. The majority of these countries are high-income countries; only six low-income countries reported having data on helmet-wearing. Even when it is collected, available data vary largely in terms of quality and methodologies used and very few report on national data. 39 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Chapter 3 Figure 11: Countries with helmet laws meeting best practice, 2017 All riders, roads, engines, fastening and standard All riders, roads, engines and either fastening or standard Not covering all riders or roads or engines / no law Not applicable Data not available 105 countries representing 5.3 billion people currently have laws on seat-belt use that align with best practice. Increasing seat-belt use 9earinIaUeatDeltreduceUtheriUMofdeathaOonIdriverUand frontUeatoccupantUDyandtheriUMofdeathandUeriouU injurieUaOonIrearUeatoccupantUDy ./andatoryUeatDelt leIiUlationiUhiIhlyeffectiveinproOotinIUeatDeltwearinIandiU acoUteffectiveOeanUofreducinIroadtrafficdeathUandinjurieU eUpeciallyinrapidlyOotori\inIlowandOiddleincoOecountrieU
.#UiUthecaUeforotherriUMfactorUincreaUinIUeatDeltuUe reSuireUOultiUectoralactionDeyondtheUettinIofappropriate leIiUlation .6hiUincludeUcoODinedpuDlicityandenforceOent andtheproviUionofinvehicleUeatDeltreOinderUwhichhaveDeen UhowntoDehiIhlyeffectiveinincreaUinIuUe . 4eviewofUeatDeltlawU 6woDeUtpracticecriteriawereconUideredfortheaUUeUUOentof UeatDeltleIiUlation: ´ preUenceofanationalUeatDeltlaw and ´ lawapplyinItofrontandrearUeatoccupantU. #UUhownin(iIureofthecountrieUwithnationalUeatDelt lawUrepreUentinIoftheworldŨUpopulationhaveadopted theDeUtpracticeofOandatinItheuUeofUeatDeltUDyDothfront andrearUeatoccupantU.1nlyofcountrieUwithUeatDeltlawU OeetinIDeUtpracticearelowincoOecoutrieU. 5inceUevencountrieUhaveOadechanIeUtotheirUeatDelt leIiUlation:fiveadditionalcountrieUnowhavelawUthatOeetDeUt practicewhiletwocountrieUhaveOadechanIeUthatDrinItheir lawUoutofaliInOentwithDeUtpractice.6henet increaUeof countrieUaccountUforanadditionalOillionpeoplecoveredDy 41 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Chapter 3 best practice seat-belt laws. Enforcement of seat-belt laws is poor with only 40 countries rating their enforcement of seat-belt use laws as “good” (eight or above on a scale of zero to ten). Less than half of countries collect data on seat-belt wearing and the majority of these are high- and middle-income countries. Figure 12: Countries with seat-belt laws meeting best practice, 2017 Seat-belt law applies to all occupants Seat-belt law applies to front seats occupants No seat-belt law or law applies to driver only Not applicable Data not available Increasing child restraint use %hildreUtraintUarehiIhlyeffectiveinreducinIinjuryanddeathto childoccupantU Ť .6heuUeofchildreUtraintUcanleadtoat leaUtareductionindeathU .6heDenefitUofchildreUtraintU haveDeenUhowntoDeIreateUtforyounIerchildrenparticularly thoUeunderfouryearUofaIe .(orchildrenyearUDooUter UeatuUehaUDeenaUUociatedwithareductionintheoddU ofinjurycoOparedtouUinIaUeatDeltalone .6hepoUitionof childrenineitherfrontorrearUeatUiUalUoiOportantaUahiIherriUM forinjuryiUaUUociatedwiththefrontUeatinIpoUition . 4eviewofchildreUtraintlawU $eUtpracticecriteriaforchildreUtraintUhaveDeenfurtherdeveloped UincethepreviouUreport inviewoftheadditionaldatacollected forthiUreview.(ourDeUtpracticecriteriawereconUideredinthe aUUeUUOentofchildreUtraintlawU: ´ preUenceofanationalchildreUtraintlaw ´ reSuireOentforchildrentouUeachildreUtraintatleaUtuntilten yearUofaIeorcOinheiIht ´ reUtrictionUforchildrenunderacertainaIeorheiIhtfroOUittinI inthefrontUeat ´ referencetoorUpecificationofaUtandardforchildreUtraintU. #UUhownin(iIurecountrieUhaveanationalchildreUtraintlaw. #OonItheUecountrieUrepreUentinIoftheworldpopulation OeettheoverallDeUtpracticecriteriaforchildreUtraintU.1fthoUewith lawUthatOeetatleaUtoneoftheDeUtpracticecriteriacountrieU 33 countries representing 652 million people currently have laws on the use of child restraints that align with best practice. Chapter 3 43 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 refer to a standard for child restraints, 113 restrict seating children in the front seat (including 61 banning front seating) and 41 countries address the age and/or height criteria of ten years of age or 135 cm in height in the legislation. Since 2014, four countries have made amendments to legislation on the use of child restraints to bring them in line with best practice. Among those with laws meeting best practice, 85% are high-income countries and 15% are middle-income countries. No low-income countries have laws on the use of child restraint systems that meet best practice. Best practice laws are most common among countries in the European region; in all other regions, less than 7% of countries have laws on the use of child restraint systems that align with best practice. Only 22 countries rate their enforcement of child restraint laws as “good” (eight or above on a scale of zero to ten) and only 35 collect data on child restraint use. Figure 13: Countries with child restraint laws meeting best practice, 2017 Children up to 10 years/135 cm covered, standard, front seating restrictions Children under 4 covered, those between 4 and 10 insufficiently covered or children up to 10 years/135 cm covered, no standard Children under 4 insufficiently covered or no law or law based on age/height or front seating restrictions only Not applicable Data not available 44 Chapter 3 ).1$#.56#6754'21461041#&5#('6;2018 Reducing distracted driving &iUtracteddrivinIDyOoDiledeviceUUuchaUUOartphoneUand/ orotherinvehicledeviceUiUaIrowinIriUMfactorlinMedtoUeriouU neIativeoutcoOeU Ť .6heuUeofaOoDilephonewhiledrivinI iUwideUpreadaOonIUtyounIandnovicedriverUandIrowinI aOonIUtOotorcycliUtUaddinIfurthertothealreadyhiIhriUMof craUhanddeathaOonItheUeIroupU.6elephoneuUewhiledrivinI
whetherhandheldorhandUfree increaUeUtheliMelihoodofDeinI involvedinacraUhDyafactoroffourwhileteZtinIincreaUeUcraUh riUMDyaroundtiOeU .&riverreactiontiOeUhavealUoDeen UhowntoDeUlowerwithtelephoneuUethanwithout.5iOilarly incartelephoneconverUationUiOpairdriverUOorethanliUteninIto theradioortalMinItopaUUenIerU .&eUpitetheIrowinIDody ofevidenceontheriUMUaUUociatedwithdiUtracteddrivinIthere reOainUadearthofevidenceontheeffectiveneUUofinterventionU toreducediUtracteddrivinI. 4eviewofOoDilephonelawU 6hereiUinUufficientevidenceontheeffectiveneUUofleIiUlationto liOitorprohiDittheuUeofOoDiledeviceUwhiledrivinItoeUtaDliUh DeUtpracticecriteria.#totalofcountrieUhaveanationalOoDile phonelawinplaceandOoUt prohiDittheuUeofhandheldOoDile phoneUwhiledrivinI.+nterOUofproIreUUOadefouradditional countrieUhavenationalOoDilephonelawUthouIhtheiOpactof thiUcannotDeaUUeUUedatthiUtiOeaUthereiUcurrentlynotaDeUt practiceforleIiUlationondiUtracteddrivinI. )iventhedifficultyindetectinItheUeDehaviourUenforceOentand datacollectionreOainchallenIinI.countrieUroutinelycollect dataonthiUriUMlarIelythrouIhreIularpolicecraUhreportUwith fewreIularoDUervationalUtudieU.#nadditionalcountrieUhave UoOenonroutinelycollecteddatafroOreUearch. 64 countries routinely collect data on distracted driving through police reports and observational studies. Reducing drug-driving 6houIhOoredifficulttoSuantifythanalcoholtheuUeof illeIal druIUandcertainpreUcriptionOedicationUiUincreaUinIlylinMedto roadtrafficcraUheUanddeathUthouIhthereareOanycoOpleZitieU aroundteUtinIandeUtaDliUhinIthecauUalityofdifferentdruIU
.6heconcoOitantuUeofdruIUandalcoholpreUentUfurther coOpleZitieUandriUMU .6here iUadearthofdataonhow freSuentlydriverUuUeand/orareiOpairedDydruIUandfewcountrieU UyUteOaticallyOeaUuretheeZtentofthedruIdrivinIproDleO. &atafroOthe7nited5tateUUhowthataOonIfatallyinjureddriverU forwhoOdruIteUtreUultUwereavailaDle.werepoUitivein anincreaUefroO.in .6heriUMofcraUhand deathvarieUdependinIonthetypeofpUychoactivedruI.6heuUe ofaOphetaOineUincreaUeUtheriUMforfatalcraUheUDyfivetiOeU andriUMfornonfatalcraUheUDyUiZtiOeU. 4eviewofdruIdrivinIlawU 6hereiU inUufficientevidenceontheeffectiveneUUof leIiUlation toliOitorprohiDitdruIdrivinItoeUtaDliUhDeUtpracticecriteria. 6heOajorityofcountrieUUurveyed haveanationaldruIdrivinI lawinplace.6hiUincludeUtwocountrieUthathaveadoptedlawUto prohiDitdruIdrivinIUincethouIhtheiOpactofthiUcannot DeaUUeUUedatthiUtiOeaUthereiUcurrentlynotaDeUtpracticefor leIiUlationondruIdrivinI. 6heeZtentofthedruIdrivinIproDleOiUinUufficientlyMnownin OanycountrieU.1nlyreporteddoinIUoOedruIteUtinIaOonI fatallyinjureddriverU. 75 countries reported doing some drug testing among fatally injured drivers. Chapter 3 47 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 CHAPTER 4 SAFE ROADS 88% of pedestrian travel is on 1- or 2-star roads 86% of bicyclist travel is on 1- or 2-star roads 67% of motorcyclist travel is on 1- or 2-star roads • When safety is taken into consideration during the planning, design and operation of roads, substantial contributions can be made to reducing road traffic deaths and injuries. • For pedestrians, cyclists and motorcyclists, the lack of specific infrastructure features that can ensure them a safe journey leaves them vulnerable to injury. • Road safety inspections and the star rating of roads can provide mechanisms to identify failings in infrastructure which can affect a crash likelihood and severity. • Upgrading high-risk roads and providing access to safe and affordable public transport will reduce road traffic death and injury. Key messages 50 Road infrastructure is strongly linked to fatal and serious injury causation in road collisions, and research has shown that improvements to the road infrastructure are critical to improving overall road safety (69). The aim is to create a safe road environment, rather than placing the main responsibility for safety on users who fail to deal with the intrinsic dangers of the roads. Head-on crashes, for example, occur on undivided roads while the lack of a footpath or a safe crossing presents a major risk for death and injury to pedestrians (3).(orcycliUtUandOotorcycliUtUthelacMofUpecific infrastructure features that ensure a safe journey like cycle lanes and motorcycle lanes leaves them vulnerable to impact and injury (69). The provision of affordable and safe public transport as well as facilities for safe walking and cycling are highly important. Review of the use of standards and tools to improve the safety quality of roads This report has continued to track the status of countries in setting design standards, undertaking audits and/or the star rating of new road infrastructure and inspection/star rating of existing roads. Three new questions in this report involve: ´ the use of dedicated funding to upgrade high-risk roads. In most countries and cities, more than half of all road deaths and severe injuries happen on less than 10% of the road length (70). The return on investment for improving road infrastructure safety on these high-risk roads is substantial. ´ design standards that specifically meet the needs of vulnerable road users. Historic road design practice and standards have focussed on meeting the capacity and travel time needs of motorized vehicleUwhereaUtheUpecificneedUofvulneraDleroaduUerUhave often been secondary considerations. 114 countries currently undertake systematic assessments or star rating of existing roads. Chapter 4 51 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 88% of pedestrian travel occurs on roads that are unsafe. ´ the provision of affordable and safe public transport. In urban areas, where an additional two billion people are expected to be living in cities by 2045, the provision of affordable and safe public transport is an essential investment for sustainable mobility. While design standards exist in most countries, the way in which they are applied to a new road design is influenced by the complexity of the location (urban, rural, utility services, road users present), the priority on safety outcomes and the budgets allocated for the project. This review shows that 112 countries have national design standards for the management of speed. Ninety-two countries have national design standards for separating pedestrians and cyclists roaduUerUfroOOotori\edtraffic.1nehundredandthirtytwo countries have national design standards for the provision of safe crossings for pedestrians and cyclists. Road safety inspections and the star rating of existing roads provide a mechanism to identify any existing road design and speed management features that can affect crash likelihood and severity. Systematic risk rate mapping, performance tracking and safety rating 52 using objective data are carried out by international and national road assessment programmes. (71). Road protection scores assess the level of protection against the risk of death and serious injury in collisions for all main user groups afforded by the road environment. Each road is given a star rating from one to five stars. Minimum star ratings for the infrastructure safety of major roads are increasingly being used in targeted programmes and are recommended, especially where high-quality crash injury data are not yet available or where capacity is still being built for safety engineering (69). A sample of recent of International Road Assessment Programme (iRAP) assessments from 54 countries, covering 358,000 kilometers of rural and urban roads with over 700 billion vehicle kilometres of travel a year has highlighted that 88% of pedestrian travel is on one- or two-star roads, 86% of bicycle travel is one- or two-star roads, 67% of motorcycle travel is on one- or two-star roads, and 44% of vehicle travel is one- or two-star roads (72). One hundred forty-seven countries reported carrying out road safety audits or star ratings for new roads while 114 countries reported doing safety assessments or star rating on existing roads. The implementation of a dedicated funding stream and targeted programmes to upgrade high-risk roads and provide access to safe and affordable public transport will help to systematically eliminate the highest-risk roads in a country and reduce death and injury. This review found that 116 countries have a systematic programme in place for targeting and upgrading high-risk locations on existing roads. Additionally, 77 countries reported investing in mass transit while 103 countries reported having formal policies for formal bus/ mini-bus systems. Chapter 4 53 ).1$#.56#6754'21461041#&5#('6;2018 Table 3: Star rating of roads – what makes a road safe? Star Rating No sidewalk, No safe crossing, MO/htraffic No cyclepath, No safe crossings, poor road surface, MO/htraffic No motorcycle lane, undivided road, trees close to road, winding alignment, MO/htraffic Undivided road with narrow centerline, trees close to road, winding alignment, MO/htraffic Sidewalk present, pedestrian refuge, street lighting, MO/htraffic 1nroadcyclelane good road surface, street lighting, MO/htraffic 1nroadOotorcycle lane, undivided road, good road surface, >5m to any roadside hazards, MO/htraffic Wide centerline separating oncoming vehicles, >5m to any roadside hazards, MO/htraffic Sidewalk present, signalized crossing with refuge, street lighting, 40 km/h 1ffroaddedicated cycle facility, raised platform crossing of major roads, street lighting &edicated separated motorcycle lane, central hatching, no roadside hazards, straight alignment, MO/htraffic Safety barrier separating oncoming vehicles and protecting roadside hazards, straight alignment, MO/htraffic * For details on the full model for all road users and more urban and rural examples see https://www.irap.org//3-star-or-better/what-is-star-rating. 54 Box 8: 5-star school journey for Lusaka students Sub-Saharan Africa has the world’s highest road traffic injury rates. For students of Justin Kabwe Primary School in Lusaka, Zambia, their journey to school is now much safer, with access roads raised from one- and two-star dangerous to five-star safety excellence, assessed using iRAP’s Star Rating for Schools app. Four children were injured on roads around the school before the school was upgraded. 4,700 vehicles pass the entrance, 200 people cross the road and over 900 people walk along the road past the school every peak hour. Crossing the road into school used to be very dangerous. Thanks to a project completed in November 2017, infrastructure improvements have vastly improved safety, assessed using the Star Rating for Schools (SR4S) app powered by iRAP’s Pedestrian Star Rating. The improvements included the addition of a raised platform pedestrian crossing, footpaths, fencing and a school zone warning, removal of vehicle parking which blocked sight lines, and reduced operating speeds of passing vehicles. Four locations with high pedestrian traffic flows were star rated for safety using the SR4S app before and after the infrastructure improvements. The before and after star rating results captured by SR4S reflected a major improvement in safety. The school’s main entrance intersection and nearby corner achieved star rating improvements from one to five stars and two to five stars respectively. Source: iRAP, 2018 https://www.irap.org/media-centre/case-studies/ Chapter 4 55 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 CHAPTER 5 SAFE VEHICLES 40 countries implement 7 or 8 of the priority UN vehicle safety standards 124 countries apply 0 or 1 of the 8 priority UN vehicle safety standards • Vehicle safety features such as electronic stability control and advanced braking make a substantial contribution to reducing road traffic deaths and injuries. • Despite these potential benefits, not all new and used vehicles are required to be equipped with these and other internationally recognized vehicle safety standards. • New Car Assessment Programmes (NCAPs) have proved highly effective in raising levels of vehicle safety significantly above minimum regulatory requirements. Key messages 58 40 countries representing 1 billion people, have implemented at least 7 or all of the 8 priority UN vehicle safety standards. Vehicle safety is increasingly critical to the prevention of crashes and haUDeenUhowntocontriDutetoUuDUtantialreductionUinthenuODerof deathUandUeriouUinjurieUontheroadU .(eatureUUuchaUelectronic stability control and advanced braking are examples of vehicle safety standards that can prevent a crash from occurring or reduce the severity ofinjurieU .&eUpitetheUepotentialDenefitUnotallnewanduUed vehicleUarereSuiredtoDeeSuippedwithinternationallyrecoIni\ed safety standards .'iIht70vehicleUafetyUtandardUhaveDeen prioriti\edforiOpleOentationDycountrieU $oZ . 4eviewoftaMeupofMeyvehicleUafety regulations #UUhownin(iIureproIreUUwithuptaMeoftheeiIhtpriority70 vehicleUafetyUtandardUhaUDeenveryliOitedUincethelaUtreview. 6odateonly OainlyhiIhincoOecountrieUhaveiOpleOented UevenoreiIhtoftheUeUtandardU.'levencountrieUapplytwotoUiZ UtandardUand applyoneornoneoftheUtandardU.5incethe laUtreviewone additionalcountry+ndiais applying the front and side iOpactprotectionUtandard.One othercountry/alayUiahas applied theelectronicUtaDilitycontrolreIulationfroO. Figure 14: Countries implementing priority UN safety standards for vehicles, 2018 0 50 100 150 N um be r of c ou nt ri es 7 or 8 2 to 6 0 or 1 40 11 124 +nthepreviouUreportpriorityUtandardUwereidentified.#nadditionalUtandardforOotorcycleanti locMDraMinIUyUteOU #$5 haUDeenincludedinthiUreport. Chapter 5 ).1$#.56#6754'21461041#&5#('6;2018 +n relation to theOotorcycleantilocMDraMinIUyUteOU #$5 anuODerofcountrieUwithhiIhuUaIeofOotorcycleUareorwill DeiOpleOentinIreIulationUreSuirinItheuUeof#$5orcoODined DraMinIUyUteOU %$5 forOotorcycleU.#UUhownin6aDleOoUtof thecountrieUiOpleOentinItheUereIulationUreSuire#$5UyUteOU forvehicleUIreaterthancc %hinaand$ra\ilonlyreSuire#$5for vehicleUIreaterthanccandccreUpectivelywhichOeanU that a large number of motorcycles and e-bikes are excluded from thiUreSuireOent.9iththeeZceptionof$ra\ilallhaveproviUionU toeZtendthe#$5reSuireOentUforuUedOotorcycleUalreadyin circulationincirculationreSuirinItheOtoDeretrofittedaUwellaU fornewOotorcycleU. Table 4: Motorcycle ABS regulation, 2018 Countries Motorcycle ABS regulation Note EU ;'5ŤforallnewtypeU cc aUof/andforalleZiUtinI typeU ccaUof/ cccanhave#$5 or%$5fitted Japan ;'5ŤforallnewtypeU cc aUof/andforalleZiUtinI typeU ccaUof/ cccanhave#$5 or%$5fitted India ;'5ŤforallnewtypeU cc aUof/andforalleZiUtinI typeU ccaUof/ cccanhave #$5or%$5fitted China ;'5ŤforallnewtypeU cc aUof/andforalleZiUtinI typeU ccaUof/ ccOandatory both front and rear wheel ccand cc#$5or%$5 Brazil ;'5ŤforallnewtypeU ccraOpupfroO cccanhave#$5 or%$5fitted offroad bikes excluded Australia ;'5ŤforallnewtypeU cc froO/andforalleZiUtinI typeU ccfroO/ cccanhave #$5or%$5 60 Review of consumer information programme progress: The UN General Assembly has recommended the implementation of new car assessments as a means of improving vehicle safety (76). New Car Assessment Programmes (NCAPs) have proved highly effective in raising levels of vehicle safety significantly above minimum regulatory requirements. NCAPs typically carry out safety ratings for crashworthiness to promote occupant and pedestrian protection and crash avoidance through crash tests and technology assessments (77). Chapter 5 61 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Figure 15: Countries applying UN vehicle safety standards, 2018 Meets 7 or 8 international vehicle standards Meets 2 to 6 international vehicle standards Meets 0 or 1 international vehicle standard Not applicable Data not available 62 Box 9: Priority UN vehicle safety standards 1–2: Frontal impact protection and side impact protection (R94 and R95): ensure that cars withstand the impacts of a frontal and side impact crash when tested at certain speeds. These crashworthiness regulations help to protect occupants withstand the impact of front and side impact crashes. 3: Electronic stability control (R140): prevents skidding and loss of control in cases of over- steering or understeering and is effective at reducing crashes and saving lives. It is effective in avoiding single car and roll over crashes, reducing both fatal and serious injuries. 4: Pedestrian front protection (R127): provides softer bumpers and modifies the front ends of vehicles (e.g. removes unnecessarily rigid structures) that can reduce the severity of a pedestrian impact with a car. 5–6: Seat-belts and seat-belt anchorages (R14 & R16): ensure that seat-belts are fitted in vehicles when they are manufactured and assembled and that the seat-belt anchor points can withstand the impact incurred during a crash, to minimize the risk of belt slippage and ensure that passengers can be safely removed from their seats if there is a crash. 7: Child restraints (R129): ensure that the child seat is in place with the adult seat-belt and that ISOFIX child restraint anchorage points are fitted to secure the restraint. 8: Motorcycle anti-lock braking systems (R78): help the rider maintain control during an emergency braking situation and reduce the likelihood of a road traffic crash and subsequent injury. 63 Box 10: Establishing new e-bike standards in China China, like many other countries, is seeing a surge in the use of e-bikes – some estimates indicate that there are 200 million such vehicles in use nationally, three million of which can be found in Beijing. As the nature of e-bikes has evolved, the existing standards established in 1999 are no longer relevant and as a result, e-bikes sold and used in China are not standardized. Without an appropriate standard, many vehicles are being manufactured and sold as ‘e-bikes’ when they are essentially motorcycles that are capable of going 40 km/h or faster. However, they are all treated as bicycles and thus helmet requirements and speed limits are not imposed. As such, they use bike lanes and footpaths designed for and used by non-motorised users. In May 2018 a new standard was issued aiming to improve the regulation of e-bikes and putting an end to the practice of motorcycles passing for e-bikes. This standard is being phased in (commencing in April 2019). Any vehicle that meets the new standard (which is aligned with international practice with a speed limit of 25 km/h) will be considered a bicycle and not subject to registration, licensing or helmet requirements. Those e-bikes not meeting that standard will be treated as motorcycles and subject to helmet laws and licensing requirements. As the majority of e-bikes in circulation are likely to be non-standard, this standard closes a loophole that allowed millions of motorcycle riders to not wear a helmet. Source: Electric Bicycles-General Technical Requirements GB17761-1999; Electric Bicycles-General Technical Requirements GB17761-2018 64 Box 11: Vehicle safety standards in India India is the fourth largest vehicle producer in the world and now applies new vehicle safety standards to passenger cars and motorcycles. In 2014, independent crash tests carried out by Global NCAP’s ‘Safer Cars for India’ initiative revealed that some of India’s top selling models would fail the UN’s frontal impact crash test. Further Global NCAP tests at a higher speed also resulted in zero-star ratings indicating a high risk of fatal or serious injury. In 2015 the Indian government announced the application of new regulations consistent with the UN standards for front and side impact and also pedestrian protection. For new car models, the use of front and side crash tests came into force from October 2017 and will apply to all new cars from October 2019. The pedestrian protection regulation for new models came into force from October 2018 and will apply to all new cars from October 2020. In addition, new cars are required to have air bags fitted as standard and to have a speed warning device above 80 km/h. The combination of the new regulations and the Safer Cars for India project is raising consumer demand for key features such as airbags and acting as a strong catalyst for improved safety design by the automobile industry. New models are now on the market that not only comply with the new standards but also achieve good scores — including a model that achieved four stars in Global NCAP tests that are more stringent. The production of older designs of cars that cannot pass the new crash tests, such as the Tata Nano, which received zero stars in Global NCAP’s first round of tests in 2014, is being phased out. The next challenge for India is to accelerate use of electronic stability control which is currently fitted in over 70% of new passenger cars worldwide but to less than 10% of new cars in India. Chapter 5 ).1$#.56#6754'21461041#&5#('6;2018 for the past 3 YEARS 6heplateauinroadtrafficdeathU UetaIainUtaincreaUeinIloDal populationandincreaUein Ootori\ationUuIIeUtUthatroad UafetyeffortUoverthepaUtyearU haveUavedliveU. CHAPTER 6 POST-CRASH CARE 109 countries have a telephone number with national coverage to activate the emergency care 55% of countries have a formal process to train and certify prehospital providers 45% of countries have national or subnational trauma registries • Simple and affordable post-crash care interventions save lives. • Effective care for the injured requires timely care at the scene, prompt transport to appropriate emergency and surgical care at hospital, and early access to rehabilitation services. • The proportion of patients who die before reaching a hospital in low-income countries is over twice that in high-income countries. • Bystanders contribute by activating the emergency care system and taking simple, potentially life-saving actions until professional help is available. Key messages 68 A broad and integrated approach to post-crash care can save millions of lives and mitigate the short- and long-term effects of experiencing a crash to help survivors return to function and independence at hoOeandatworM .-eyeleOentUofpoUtcraUhcareidentified in the Decade of Action include structures to allow timely delivery of health services, data to inform policy and support quality care delivery, and legislation to ensure access to emergency care without regard to ability to pay (4). Building systems to ensure timely care for the injured Emergency care is at the core of the post-crash response. There is a series of time sensitive actions that are essential to provide effective care for the injured, beginning with activation of the emergency care system and continuing with care at the scene, transport, and facility- based emergency care. Rehabilitation – both in hospital and beyond, is essential to maximise the impact of emergency and surgical care and to limit the physical and psychological impact of injuries (18). Ideally, countries should designate a lead government agency with the authority to set system-wide standards and to coordinate prehospital and hospital-based care for the injured. Role of bystanders in the emergency care system Even the most sophisticated emergency care system is ineffective if bystanders fail to recognize a serious injury or do not know how to call for help. Bystanders contribute by activating the emergency care system and taking simple, potentially life-saving actions until professional help is available (80–82). To facilitate the important contribution of bystanders it is important that there is legislation in place to protect those who assist the injured. WHO’s Emergency Care System Assessments, carried out in over 30 countries worldwide, Countries should set up lead agencies to set standards and coordinate care for those injured in rRaG WraIfic crashes. Chapter 6 69 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 55% of countries have a formal process to train and certify prehospital care providers. found that many countries have no bystander protection laws or limited enforcement, and many countries report that those who aUUiUttheinjuredeZperiencearanIeofUeriouUfinancialleIaland social consequences. To activate the emergency care system, ideally there should be a single telephone number that is valid throughout the country, easy to remember and available as a free call (6,80,83). This current report found that 109 countries have a telephone number with full national coverage. Among the countries that have conducted the WHO Emergency Care System Assessment, several report that less than half the population know the emergency care access number by memory. Care at the scene The proportion of patients who die before reaching a hospital in middle-income countries is over twice that in high-income countries (84). Despite the enormous potential impact of prehospital care, the current report shows that 55% of countries have a formal process to train and certify prehospital providers. In addition, the WHO Emergency Care System Assessments data show that most countries report either no ambulances available to travel to the scene of the crash or that the number of ambulances available is grossly inadequate to meet population needs. It is important to recognise that while the optimal system may be one that can quickly dispatch equipped ambulances with trained providers to the scene of the injury, there are many ways to improve care at the scene of a crash (3,80). For example, simple systems using mobile phones and targeted training of key lay groups (e.g. community leaders, police, and professional drivers) to provide basic interventions can bridge to professional care and improve outcomes (3,80). 70 Hospital-based emergency care for the injured Even short delays to care for the injured can mean lives lost. The WHO Emergency Care System Assessments have found that firUtlevelhoUpitalUinOanycountrieUlacMdedicatedeOerIencyunitU altogether. Where these units exist, many lack essential equipment for diagnosis and treatment of injuries, and few have the protocols and checklists needed to ensure a systematic approach to every injured patient. They are often staffed only by providers working on arotationalDaUiUwhoOayorOaynothavetheDenefitofdedicated training in the care of emergencies: indeed, this report found that just more than half (54%) of countries have speciality training pathways in emergency medicine and trauma surgery. Beyond a staffed and equipped emergency unit, any facility that is certifiedtocarefortheUeriouUlyinjuredUhouldhavehouracceUU to operative and critical care services. However, most countries who have conducted the Emergency Care System Assessment report that less than a quarter of the population overall would be able to access a staffed operating theatre within two hours of serious injury. In addition, all assessed countries report inadequate numbers ofSualifiedrehaDilitationproviderUandlonIdelayUinacceUUinI community-based rehabilitation services. Data and information to guide post- crash response Systematic hospital-based data collection is critical to both clinical quality improvement activities and targeted planning and prevention initiatives. Trauma registries are case-based databases that gather information on injury epidemiology, clinical interventions and health outcoOeUinordertoidentifyandaddreUUUpecificIapUincare.+nDoth high- and limited-resource settings, registries have been shown to Less than 25% of people have access to a staffed operating theatre within two hours of a road WraIfic crasK Chapter 6 71 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 improve the quality of care and clinical outcomes, as well as allow for the identification of high-yield targets for prevention. Overall, the current report found that fewer than half (45%) of countries had national or subnational trauma registries in place. Over half of the world’s countries either have registries only in a few scattered facilities or no registry at all. To address this gap, WHO has recently established a Global Registry for Emergency and Trauma Care, and implementation has been initiated in a number of middle-income countries. In addition, it is essential for countries to establish policies that ensure effective crash investigation and equitable access to information for survivors and their families. 72 Box 12: A simple low-cost emergency care package in Uganda Emergency care in health facilities across Uganda is improving following a Ministry of Health scale-up of a WHO pilot intervention that halved the number of hospital deaths from emergency conditions (road traffic injuries, childhood diarrhoea, pneumonia, asthma and postpartum haemorrhage). Executed at a cost of US$ 3500 per hospital, this pilot included WHO basic emergency care training for hospital staff, the introduction of simple WHO emergency unit protocols (including checklists and triage) and identifying and organizing a simple resuscitation area with existing resources. In addition, Uganda has undertaken pilot implementation of the WHO Global Registry for Emergency and Trauma Care at regional hospitals around the country. The registry’s automated reporting functions allow data to be used to improve the quality of clinical care as well as to inform policy and planning. Chapter 6 73 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 74 CONCLUSION TAKING STOCK AND LOOKING AHEAD 1.35 million deaths each year 123 countries have road traffic OaZs that Peet best practice for at least one of the key behavioural risk factors 88% of pedestrian travel is on 1- or 2-star roads 40 countries have implemented 7 or 8 of the priority UN vehicle safety standards 109 countries have a telephone nuPEer Zith nationaO coverage to activate the emergency care system • The Decade of Action for Road Safety 2011-2020 has led to a remarkable increase in global attention, investments and efforts to reduce deaths and injuries on the world’s roads. • While progress has been made by countries in UtrenItheninIroadtrafficlawU iOprovinItheUafety of roads and vehicles, and enhancing post-crash care, thenuODerofroadtrafficdeathUandinjurieUreOainU unacceptably high. • The progress that has been achieved has not occurred at a pace fast enough to achieve the SDG target 3.6 to reduceroadtrafficdeathUDyDy. • Above all, accelerating progress will require increased political will and commitment at the highest level of government. Key messages 76 Summary of progress to date The number of road traffic deaths continues to climb, reaching 1.35 million in 2016, while the rate of death relative to the size of the world’s population has stabilized in recent years. The progress that has been achieved has not occurred at a pace fast enough to compensate for the rising population and rapid motorization of transport taking place in many parts of the world. At this rate, the SDG target 3.6 to halve road traffic deaths by 2020 will not be met. This review of key risk factors does show, however, that progress is being made in improving key road safety laws, infrastructure, adoption of vehicles standards and improving access to the post-crash care. As countries work over time to create sustainably safe environments for road use through improved planning, design, operation and investment in the safety quality of roads, vehicles and post-crash care, the combined publicity and enforcement of key safety legislation CONCLUSION 77 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 presents opportunities to achieve immediate and substantial road safety results. The review has found that the progress has been made across countries to bring laws into line with best practice with tenadditionalcountrieU intotal aliIninIwithDeUtpracticeU onaddreUUinIdrinMdrivinIfiveadditionalcountrieU intotal aligning with best practices on motorcycle helmet use, four additional countrieU intotal aliIninIwithDeUtpracticeUontheuUeof childreUtraintUyUteOUandthreeadditionalcountrieU intotal aligning with best practices on the use of seat-belts. The number of countries with laws in line with best practices for speed management haUnotchanIed intotal .#UareUultoftheUeinterventionU anadditionaloneDillionpeoplearenowcoveredDyroadtrafficlawU that meet best practice. Progress is evident in the planning, design and operation of roads and roadsides, addressing high-risk sections and areas and in the take-up of a range of tools. Vehicle safety measures continue to OaMeaUuDUtantialandefficientcontriDutiontoreducinIdeathand serious injuries amongst car occupants. Despite the fact that only 40 countries have implemented seven or eight of the priority UN vehicle safety standards, there are signs of progress with countries such as +ndiaproducinIitUfirUtfourUtarvehicle.6herearealUoUiInUthat access to post-crash care is improving. 6herehaUalUoDeenUiInificantproIreUUinadvancinItheIloDal road safety agenda. The Decade of Action has led to a remarkable increase in global attention, investments, and efforts to reduce deaths and injuries on the world’s roads. The increased recognition and political support for road safety have fostered an enabling environOentfortarIetedactionUandareeZeOplifiedDyUeveral important developments. Examples of these include: ´ SDG targets 3.6 and 11.2 addressing road safety; The Decade of Action has led to an increase in global attention, investments, and efforts to reduce deaths and injuries on roads. 78 ´ 12 voluntary global road safety performance targets in support of the SDGs and new linkages between road safety and other public health and societal goals; ´ United Nations Road Safety Trust Fund to catalyse investments in road safety in countries; ´ reIionaldataoDUervatorieUtofacilitateDetterreportinIofroadtraffic deaths; and ´ networks of legislators in Africa and the Eastern Mediterranean to facilitate the implementation of road safety legislation that meet best practice. These outcomes are not directly captured by this report, but they contribute incriticalwayUtoUtrenItheninIthefield.#lonIwiththeinveUtOentUof IovernOentUfinancierUandprivatefoundationUtheyhavelaidthefoundation for future efforts and are indicative of the momentum generated in recent years. Remaining challenges The results presented in this report, and the developments highlighted above indicateUiInificantOoveUforwardhaveDeenOadeonroadUafetyoverthe past decade. Further progress will depend upon future success in addressing theranIeofUiInificantchallenIeUwhichreOain. Increasing political will Despite a better understanding of the problem and its solutions, political will to carry out the necessary actions is often lacking. Too many countries still lack funded strategies, lead agencies and good laws that are enforced. Ensuring accountability Improving the safety of roads requires clear responsibility and accountability that cuts across sectors. Those who plan, design, operate and use the road system share responsibility for creating a road system in which crashes do Investments of government, financiers and private foundations, have laid the foundation for future efforts. 79 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 CONCLUSION not result in death or serious injury. This responsibility is shared across government, business, media and civil society, requiring alignment with a range of societal goals, careful governmental leadership and an effective safety performance framework. However, there needs to be clear responsibility for progress on the system as well as for each component. The establishment of lead agencies with appropriate capacity and related multisectoral coordination arrangements amongst the responsible agencies are a prerequisite for effective action. Strengthening data collection Robust data are a critical component for the attainment of any future target. Without the ability to assess progress and the effectiveness of efforts to reduce fatalities and injuries, countries will not be able to identify gaps in the system and deliver tailored improvements. As a result of the differences in definitions, reporting, and coding practices adopted by health, police, and insurance, the individual sources of data often provide an incomplete view of the actual situation. Building capacity Many countries are still struggling to establish capacity for sustainable safety management and the leadership, coordination and funding arrangements, which underpin better performance. Silo approaches to intervention persist and while there are examples of multisectoral activity and shared responsibility, these are atypical. Looking Ahead While many key elements of the road safety response are now well articulated, there is a failure of implementation and scale of response in most countries. Current action is insufficient to meet the targets and a large burden of unnecessary death and injury, particularly to the young, will remain without a change in political will, clear responsibilities and accountability, good data and capacity to act. 80 Experience shows that sustained gains in road safety only happen when a more integrated approach is taken. Going forward, it will be important to learn from experiences to date and address the factors noted above that hinder success. There is an urgent need for governments to scale up their road safety efforts in order to live up to their commitments made in the Sustainable Development Agenda 2030. The upcoming Third Global Ministerial Conference on Road Safety in Sweden in February 2020 will be a key opportunity to take a strategic view and set a road safety agenda for the next decade, including by setting a new global target on fatalities. 81 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 CONCLUSION REFERENCES 1. 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92 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of P ub lic H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency No Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads — Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 655 357 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 407 608 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 68 090 Heavy trucks 81 416 Buses 20 589 Other 77 654 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 565 a (63% M, 10% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 5 230 (95% CI 4 502 - 5 958) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 15.1 a Tra c Police Department. Unlimited time period following crash Afghanistan Population: 34 656 032 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 580 Deaths by road user category Source: Tra c Police Department 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 90 km/h b Max rural speed limit 90 km/h b Max motorway speed limit 90 km/h b Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law No Applies to drivers and passengers — Helmet fastening required — Helmet standard referred to and/or specified — Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement — Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants — Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes b Speed limit set per vehicle type with a maximum speed limit of 90 km/h for fast moving vehicles, decreased by 20 km/h in mountain paths c Not based on BAC. Alcohol consumption legally prohibited Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 93 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Inter-ministerial Committee for Road Safety, Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2009-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 563 106 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 436 013 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 36 096 Heavy trucks 17 670 Buses 7 050 Other 66 277 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 269 a (81% M, 19% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 399 (95% CI 369 - 428) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 13.6 a Directorate of Road Tra c Police. Died within 30 days of crash Albania Population: 2 926 348 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 4 250 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 16% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 24% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 12%Cyclists 8% Pedestrians 39% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 1% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other <1% Source: 2016, Directorate of Road Tra c Police, Accidents Information System (AIS) Source: Directorate of Road Tra c Police, Accidents Information System (AIS) 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 40 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 5% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 75% Drivers c, 60% Passengers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 85% Front seats c, 80% Rear seats c National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint d Child restraint required Up to 4 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, Directorate of Road Tra c Police, Accidents Information System (AIS) c 2016, Directorate of Road Tra c Police d Children under 12 years can travel in the front if placed in an appropriate restraining device (with airbag deactivated for rear-facing restraint) Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 94 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Council of Road Trac Planning (CNVOT) Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles — Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 2 845 a (71% M, 29% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 6 797 (95% CI 5 304 - 8 289) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 23.6 a National Police and Ministry of Health. Died within 72 hours of crash Angola Population: 28 813 464 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 440 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 27% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 33% Pedestrians 41% Source: 2016, National Police Source: National Police 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.06 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.06 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 7 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 40% Drivers b, 15% Passengers b National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 40% Front seats b, 10% Rear seats b National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs/150cm Child restraint required Up to 12 yrs/36 kg/150 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, National Police Trends in reported road tra c deaths Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 95 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth an d th e E nv iro nm en t. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Antigua & Barbuda Transport Board Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 36 030 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 32 828 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 180 Heavy trucks 1 272 Buses 1 630 Other 120 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry — Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 8 a (88% M, 13% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 8 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 7.9 a Police Tra c Department Records. Unlimited time period following crash Antigua and Barbuda Population: 100 963 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 13 400 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 63% Cyclists 13% Pedestrians 25% Source: 2016, Police Tra c Department Records Source: Police Tra c Department Records 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit ~ 32 km/h b Max rural speed limit ~ 64 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol <1% d National motorcycle helmet law No Applies to drivers and passengers — Helmet fastening required — Helmet standard referred to and/or specified — Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement — Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants — Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes b Applies in the City of Saint John's and in designated "speed limit areas" c Not based on BAC d 2011, Police Tra c Department Report Trends in reported road tra c deaths Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 96 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of th e I nt er ior an d T ra ns po rt. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Agency (ANSV), Ministry of Transportation Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 30% (2016-2026) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 21 633 587 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 13 850 936 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 7 040 248 Heavy trucks 306 171 Buses 88 307 Other 347 925 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes a Electronic stability control No b Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers — National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 5 530 c (78% M, 22% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 6 119 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 14 a Only for new models b Mandatory as from 2018 under voluntray agreement with car makers but postponed to 2022 by the new government following Brazil ESC mandatory date. c Statistical Report 2016 of the National Directorate of Road Observatory, National Road Safety Agency. Died within 30 days of crash Argentina Population: 43 847 432 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 11 960 Deaths by road user category Occupants of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 47% Pedestrians 8% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 1% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 18% Cyclists 2% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 22% Source: 2014, Ministry of Health of the Nation "Mortality from injuries in tra c accidents" Argentina. Years 2005-2014. Directorate of Health Statistics and Information. Buenos Aires December 2016. Series 12 N ° 7 Source: National Directorate of Road Observatory, National Road Safety Agency. 12.0 12.2 12.4 12.6 12.8 13.0 2016201520142013201220112010 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl d BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl d Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash — Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 17% e National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 65% Drivers f, 44% Passengers f National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 41% Front seats f, 23% Rear seats f National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required Up to 4 yrs g Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement — % children using child restraints 26% f National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes d ≤0.2 g/l for motorcycles drivers. e 2015, OAD/Sedronar. (2017) Mortality related to the consumption of psychoactive substances f 2016, Observational study of road safety behavior, National Directorate of Road Observatory g A 2018 amendment (not covered in the review period ending at December 2017) raised the age for mandatory child restraint use to 10 years old Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 97 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Council Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles — Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 267 a (81% M, 19% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 499 (95% CI 469 - 530) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 17.1 a Annual statistics report, based on death compiled by provincial vital statistics authorities. Died within 30 days of crash Armenia Population: 2 924 816 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 760 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 29% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 30% Cyclists <1% Pedestrians 35% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Other 2% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1% Source: 2016, Road police data Source: Road police and vital registration data 0 100 200 300 400 500 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 90 km/h b Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.04 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.04 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 2% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 95% Drivers d, 90% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 70% Drivers d, 70% Front seats d National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint e Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b The limit in residential area is reduced to 60 km/h c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers d 2016, Road police data e Transport of children under 12 years in the front seat shall be made in a "child protecting device" Trends in reported road tra c deaths Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 98 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by D ep ar tm en t o f I nf ra st ru ct ur e & R eg ion al D ev el op m en t. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Not funded Fatality reduction target 30% annually (2011- 2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 18 326 236 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 16 946 125 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 828 965 Heavy trucks 430 997 Buses 96 582 Other 23 567 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes a Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 296 b (74% M, 26% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 351 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 5.6 a Australia has signed the UN127 for Pedestrian Protection as a Contracting Party but is not enforcing it b National Crash Database, Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development. Died within 30 days of crash Australia Population: 24 125 848 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 54 420 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 45% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 16% Cyclists 2% Pedestrians 14% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 3% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other <1% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 19% Source: 2016, Australian Road Deaths Database and National Crash Database Source: Australian Road Deaths Database and National Crash Database 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 - 130 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 - 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 17% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 8 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 99% Drivers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 97% Front seats e, 96% Rear seats e National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 7 yrs f Child restraint required Up to 7 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes c 2015, National Crash Database, Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development d 1997, Haworth N et al, Case-Control Study of Motorcycle Crashes e 2013, Petroulias T, Community Attitudes to Road Safety: 2013 survey report f In no circumstances are children under 4 years allowed to sit in the front. Children from 4-7 years can sit in the front only if there is no room for them in the back due to the back seats being occupied by other children under 7 years Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 99 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of Tr an sp or t, In no va tio n an d T ec hn ol og y. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency BMVIT - Federal Ministry for Transport, Innovation and Technology Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 7 421 647 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 4 821 557 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 816 477 Heavy trucks 440 368 Buses 9 825 Other 1 333 420 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 432 a (72% M, 28% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 452 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 5.2 a Statistics Austria (online). Died within 30 days of crash Austria Population: 8 712 137 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 45 230 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 44% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 22% Cyclists 11% Pedestrians 17% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 5% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other <1% Source: Statistics Austria (online) Source: Statistics Austria (online) 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement — Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.01 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement — % road trac deaths involving alcohol 5% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs c Enforcement — Helmet wearing rate 100% All riders d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate 95% Front seats d, 93% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required Up to 14 yrs/150 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement — % children using child restraints 97% Rear seats d National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, Statistics Austria (online) c Or until footrests can be reached d 2016, IRTAD Road Safety Annual Report 2016 Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 100 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency State Road Police Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 330 551 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 136 983 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 3 290 Heavy trucks 141 525 Buses 30 958 Other 17 795 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 759 a (77% M, 23% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 845 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 8.7 a State Statistical Committee and State Road Police. Died within 7 days of crash Azerbaijan Population: 9 725 376 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 4 760 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 26% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 25% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers <1% Cyclists <1% Pedestrians 42% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 4% Source: 2016, Internal statistical data of State Road Police Source: Azerbaijan national statistics (online) 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 90km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 15% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No d Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 40% Front seats c, 20% Rear seats c National child restraint law No e Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint e Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Law not based on BAC/BrAC c 2016, Internal statistical data of State Road Police d The obligation to use seat belt does not apply in residential areas nor for children under 12 years e Child restraint systems are only required for children under 12 years seated in the front Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 101 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Council (NRSC), Ministry of Road Transport and Bridges Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 2 879 708 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 613 149 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 980 246 Heavy trucks 158 379 Buses 64 608 Other 63 326 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 2 376 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 24 954 (95% CI 20 730 - 29 177) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 15.3 a Bangladesh Police. Died at scene of crash Bangladesh Population: 162 951 552 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 330 Deaths by road user category Source: Bangladesh Police (fatality data), World Bank (population data) 0 1 2 3 4 201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit ~ 112 km/h b Max rural speed limit ~ 112 km/h b Max motorway speed limit ~ 112 km/h b Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants — Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes b Speed limit set per vehicle type with a maximum speed limit of 70 miles per hour (112 km/h) for light vehicles c Not based on BAC Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 102 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Barbados National Road Safety Council, Ministry of Transport and Works Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 117 104 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 108 502 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2 154 Heavy trucks 5 530 Buses 816 Other 102 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 9 a (89% M, 11% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 16 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 5.6 a Royal Barbados Police force. Defined as died within one year and one day of crash Barbados Population: 284 996 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 14 830 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 33% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 33% Pedestrians 22% Drivers and passengers of buses 11% Source: 2016, Royal Barbados Police Force Source: Royal Barbados Police Force 0 6 12 18 24 30 201620152014201320122011201020092008 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 80 km/h b Max rural speed limit 80 km/h b Max motorway speed limit 80 km/h b Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 4 yrs Child restraint required Up to 4 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Speed limit set per vehicle type with a maximum speed limit of 80 km/h for specified vehicles including private motor cars c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers or commission of a tra c oªence Trends in reported road tra c deaths Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 103 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency The Permanent Commission of the Ensuring Trac Safety under the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 20% (2016-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 01.01.2017 4 192 291 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 3 067 501 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 415 761 Heavy trucks 414 364 Buses 43 602 Other 251 063 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 588 a (69% M, 31% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 841 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 8.9 a Ministry of Internal Aªairs, State Automobile Inspection Department. Died within 30 days of crash Belarus Population: 9 480 042 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 5 600 Deaths by road user category Source: Information about the State of of Road Tra c Accidents in the Republic of Belarus in 2016 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.03 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.03 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 14% (Drivers) c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint d Child restraint required Up to 5 yrs e Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers c 2016, Ministry of Internal Aªairs, State Automobile Inspection Department d If rear-facing child restraints, airbag shall be deactivated e For children aged 5-12 years, either CRS or "other means" (than CRS) can be used to secure the child using the seat belt Drivers of all vehicles 29% Passengers of all vehicles 20% Cyclists 9% Pedestrians 41% Other 1% Source: 2016, Information about the State of of Road Tra c Accidents in the Republic of Belarus in 2016 Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 104 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by N at ion al In st itu te fo r R oa d Sa fe ty. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency No Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2010-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 7 330 718 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 6 440 811 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 471 766 Heavy trucks 143 554 Buses 15 970 Other 258 617 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 637 a (76% M, 24% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 657 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 5.8 a Statistics Belgium. Died within 30 days of crash Belgium Population: 11 358 379 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 41 860 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 44% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 13% Cyclists 11% Pedestrians 12% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 4% Other 1% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 14% Source: 2016, Statistics Belgium Source: Statistics Belgium 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h b Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited for 3 or 8 yrs c Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 99% Drivers d, 100% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 92% Front seats e, 86% Rear seats e National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint f Child restraint required Up to 18 yrs/135 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes g Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 89% h National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b The 90 km/h speed limit applies on rural areas in Brussels capital region and Wallon region while there is a 70 km/h speed limit in the Flemish region c Restrictions vary depending on the type of motorcycles: children under 3 years are not allowed on mopeds and motorcycles, children under 8 years are not allowed on motorcycles over 125cc d 2013, Belgian Road Safety Institute e 2015, Belgian Road Safety Institute f Provided that airbag is deactivated if child is in a rear-facing child restraint system g All child restraints sold in Belgium must comply with UNECE regulation h 2014, Roynard, M (2015) Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 105 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Committee Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 0 deaths (2016-2030) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2007 56 094 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 45 336 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2 389 Heavy trucks 4 757 Buses 3 612 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 101 a (84% M, 16% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 104 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 28.3 a Ministry of Health Annual RTA Mortality Report. Died within 30 days of crash Belize Population: 366 954 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 4 410 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 11% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 8% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 20% Pedestrians 25% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 1% Other 24% Cyclists 12% Source: 2016, Ministry of Health Annual RTA Mortality Report Source: Ministry of Health, Annual RTA Mortality Report based on validated data with JICC 0 6 12 18 24 30 201620152014201320122011 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit ~ 40 km/h Max rural speed limit ~ 88 km/h Max motorway speed limit ~ 88 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers or commission of a tra c oªence Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 106 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Centre for Road Safety (CNSR), Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 469 761 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 238 436 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 195 157 Heavy trucks 19 747 Buses 311 Other 16 110 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 637 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 2 986 (95% CI 2 458 - 3 514) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 27.5 a Republic of Benin, Statistical Yearbook of Accidents 2015. Died within 7 days of crash Benin Population: 10 872 298 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 820 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 8% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 9% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 57% Cyclists <1% Pedestrians 17% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 7% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 1% Source: 2015, National Centre for Road Safety (CNSR) Source: National Centre for Road Safety (CNSR) 0 2 4 6 8 10 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law No Max urban speed limit — Max rural speed limit — Max motorway speed limit — Local authorities can modify limits — Enforcement — Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 25% Drivers c, 1% Passengers c National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants — Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law No b Not based on BAC c 2016, National Police Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 107 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of In fo rm at ion an d Co m m un ica tio ns . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Road Safety and Transport Authority (RSTA), Ministry of Information and Communications (MoIC) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target <8 deaths per 10 000 vehicles annually (2013- 2018) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for Till 30th April 2017 86 981 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 56 232 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 9 786 Heavy trucks 12 891 Buses 681 Other 7 391 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 125 a (67% M, 17% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 139 (95% CI 121 - 157) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 17.4 a Ministry of Information and Communications (MoIC), Road Safety and Transport Authority (RSTA), Tra c Police and Ministry of Health. Died within 7 days of crash Bhutan Population: 797 765 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 510 Deaths by road user category Source: Road Safety and Transport Authority (RSTA), Tra c Police, and Ministry of Health (MoH) 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 30 km/h Max rural speed limit 50 km/h Max motorway speed limit 50 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 108 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Vice Ministry of Public Safety, Ministry of Government Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 10% (2014-2018) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 711 005 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 032 581 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 391 219 Heavy trucks 146 703 Buses 124 805 Other 15 697 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 259 a (82% M, 18% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 687 (95% CI 1 532 - 1 842) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 15.5 a National Observatory of Public Safety, Bolivian Police data. Died at scene of crash Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Population: 10 887 882 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 070 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 61% Pedestrians 2% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 12% Drivers and passengers of buses 5% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 20% Source: 2016, National Observatory of Public Safety, Bolivian Police data Source: National Observatory of Public Safety, Bolivian Police data and INE 0 4 8 12 16 20 201620152014201320122011201020092008 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 40 km/h b Max rural speed limit 80 km/h b Max motorway speed limit 80 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 6% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 52% Drivers e, 3% Passengers e National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 4% Front seats e, <1% Rear seats e National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes b Can be increased to an unspecified speed under certain circumstances c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers d 2016. National observatory of Public safety, Bolivian Police data e 2013, Observational urban field study on the use of seat belts, child restraint systems in private vehicles and the use of helmets on motorcycles and mopeds in the Plurinational State of Bolivia Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 109 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of Ci vil A ªa irs . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Agency for Trac Safety of the Republic of Srpska, Ministry of Communications and Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2013-2022) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 978 229 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 840 280 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 14 399 Heavy trucks 79 135 Buses 4 275 Other 40 140 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 318 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 552 (95% CI 500 - 603) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 15.7 a Combined sources, including Federal Ministry of Interior and Ministry of Interior of Republic of Srpska . Died within 30 days of crash Bosnia and Herzegovina Population: 3 516 816 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 4 880 Deaths by road user category Source: Multiple sources, including Federal Ministry of Internal Aªairs and Ministry of Interior of the Republic of Srpska 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h b Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.03 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 21% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 51% Front seats d, 11% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs e Child restraint required Up to 12 yrs f Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 40% g National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Can be increased up to an unspecified speed c 2016, Ministry of Interior of Republic of Srpska d 2016, Auto Moto Association of Republic of Srpska e By exception, a child under 2 years can be seated in the front if there is no airbag installed or if the airbag is deactivated when the child is seated in a rear-facing seat f Children aged 5-12 years can be either restrained in a booster seat or in a child restraint g 2016, Auto Moto Association of Republic of Srpska (Data only for Republic of Srpska) Source: 2016, Annual report for 2016 of Brcko district, B&H tra c police unit and Ministry of Interior of Republic of Srpska Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n DATA NOT AVA I LABLE 110 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of Tr an sp or t a nd Co m m un ica tio ns . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Committee (NRSC) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 1995-2016 653 274 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 438 224 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2 250 Heavy trucks 28 208 Buses 18 841 Other 165 751 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers — National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 450 a (72% M, 28% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 535 (95% CI 465 - 606) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 23.8 a Botswana Police Service. Died within a year of crash Botswana Population: 2 250 260 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 6 610 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 23% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 40% Cyclists 2% Pedestrians 25% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Drivers and passengers of buses 2% Other 7% Source: 2016, Botswana Police Service Source: Botswana Police Service 0 7 14 21 28 35 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 4% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 5 yrs Child restraint required Up to 5 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, Botswana Police Service Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 111 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Trac Department (DENATRAN), Ministry of Cities Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 93 867 016 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 61 938 226 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 25 311 251 Heavy trucks 5 586 558 Buses 984 847 Other 46 134 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 38 651 a (82% M, 18% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 41 007 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 19.7 a Mortality Information System (SIM), Ministry of Health. Unlimited time period following crash Brazil Population: 207 652 864 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 8 840 Deaths by road user category Occupants of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 23% Pedestrians 18% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 21% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 31% Cyclists 3% Source: 2015, Mortality Information System (SIM), Ministry of Health Source: Mortality Information System (SIM), Ministry of Health 0 5 10 15 20 25 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 80 km/h b Max rural speed limit 60 km/h c Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population 0.00 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 7 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 83% Drivers d, 80% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 79% Front seats d, 50% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required Up to 7.5 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 57% e National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes b Can be increased up to an unspecified speed c This limit applies to unpaved roadways while on undivided highway the maximum speed limit is 100 km/h for automobiles, light trucks and motorcycles d 2013, IBGE, Directorate of Research, Coordination of Work and Income, National Health Survey e 2012, Child Restraint Use, Safe Kids Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 112 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency State-public Consultative Commission on the Problems of Road Safety Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 4 031 748 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 3 637 961 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 174 487 Heavy trucks 196 372 Buses 22 928 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 708 a (78% M, 22% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 730 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 10.2 a Chief Directorate "National Police", Ministry of Interior; National Statistical Institute. Died within 30 days of crash Bulgaria Population: 7 131 494 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 7 470 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 40% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 24% Cyclists 5% Pedestrians 17% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 4% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 2% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 8% Source: 2016, Chief Directorate "National Police", Ministry of Interior; National Statistical Institute Source: Chief Directorate "National Police", Ministry of Interior and National Statistical Institute 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 140 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol <1% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 80% Drivers c, 30% Passengers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 80% All occupants d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint e Child restraint required Up to 150 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, Chief Directorate "National Police", Ministry of Interior, National Statistical Institute c 2010, Tra c police monitoring d 2010-2013, Surveys of knowledge and attitudes towards behavioral change and healthy lifestyle skills e Provided that airbag is deactivated if child is in a rear-facing child restraint system Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 113 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of Tr an sp or t, Ur ba n Mo bil ity an d Ro ad S af et y. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Oce for Road Safety (ONASER), Ministry of Transport, Urban Mobility and Road Safety (MTMUSR) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 25% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 2 106 292 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 237 979 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 789 181 Heavy trucks 28 231 Buses 10 952 Other 39 949 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 878 a (72% M, 28% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 5 686 (95% CI 4 499 - 6 872) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 30.5 a National Police and National Gendarmerie. Died within 24 hours of crash Burkina Faso Population: 18 646 432 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 640 Deaths by road user category DATA NOT AVA I LABLE Source: National Police, National Gendarmerie, and National Institute for Statistics and Demography (INSD) 0 2 4 6 8 201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 5 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 9% All riders b National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 7 yrs Child restraint required Up to 8 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2008, Contextual study on helmet use to develop a national strategy for helmet use in Burkina Faso Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 114 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of P ub lic H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Trac and Road Safety Police, Ministry of Public Security Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for Juin 2017 111 236 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 32 488 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 28 269 Heavy trucks 2 876 Buses 2 775 Other 44 828 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number None Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 112 a (77% M, 23% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 651 (95% CI 2 926 - 4 376) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 34.7 a Statistical Yearbook 2015. Died within 30 days of crash Burundi Population: 10 524 117 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 280 Deaths by road user category Source: Statistical Yearbooks and National Health Information System, 2010-2015 0 1 2 3 4 201520142013201220112010 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes c Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 13 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law No b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers c Legislation requires drivers and passengers "and particularly those sitting in the front" to use a seat belt Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 115 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of In te rn al A dm in ist ra tio n. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency General Directorate of Road Transport (DGTR), Ministry of Internal Administration Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 64 955 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 47 354 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 7 595 Heavy trucks 10 006 Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 41 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 135 (95% CI 118 - 152) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 25 a National Police O ce, National Police Report. Died within 30 days of crash Cabo Verde Population: 539 560 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 970 Deaths by road user category Source: National Police, General Directorate of Road Transport (DGTR), and National Statistics Institute (INE) 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 7 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No c Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint d Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law No b Legislation refers to testing of drivers in case of crash c The legislation refers to the use of either child restraint systems or seat-belts for children d Children under 12 yrs/150cm shall normally sit in the rear except if placed in a suitable child restraint Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 116 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Committee (NRSC) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 3 751 715 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 97 239 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2 714 193 Heavy trucks 57 321 Buses 5 972 Other 876 990 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 852 a (80% M, 20% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 2 803 (95% CI 2 381 - 3 226) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 17.8 a Road Crash and Victim Information System (RCVIS). Died within 30 days of crash Cambodia Population: 15 762 370 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 140 Deaths by road user category Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 73% Cyclists 2% Pedestrians 10% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 4% Other 5% Occupants of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 6% Source: 2016, Road Crash and Victim Information System (RCVIS) annual report Source: Road Crash and Victim Information System (RCVIS) 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 40 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 13% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 70% - 43% Drivers c, 30% - 13% Passengers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No d Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes e Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs f Child restraint required Up to 4 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, Road Crash and Victim Information System (RCVIS) c 2016, Cambodia Helmet Vaccine Initiative (Percentages are for day- and night-time observations, respectively) d Obligation to use seat belts for all passengers only applies outside cities and densely populated areas. Inside cities and densely populated areas, only the driver and front seat passengers are required to wear a seat belt e Enters into force in January 2020 f Ban on children under 10 years travelling in the front seat enters into force in January 2020 Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 117 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of P ub lic H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency No Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2007-2016 758 145 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 879 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 7 066 (95% CI 5 670 - 8 463) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 30.1 a Ministry of Transport, and Police. Unlimited time period following crash Cameroon Population: 23 439 188 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 200 Deaths by road user category Source: Ministry of Transport, Police, and Gendarmerie 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 5 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law No Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 118 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by Tr an sp or t C an ad a. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Canadian Council of Motor Transport Administrators, Council of Ministers Responsible for Transportation and Highway Safety Funded in national budget No a National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target Continual downward trend in fatalities over time (2016-2025) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes b Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 23 923 806 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 22 067 778 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 709 258 Heavy trucks 1 056 219 Buses 90 551 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers — National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 1 858 c (70% M, 30% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 2 118 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 5.8 a A self-sustaining organization through membership fees and data services b At many provincial and municipal levels of government c Canadian Motor Vehicle Tra c Collision Statistics. Died within 30 days of crash Canada Population: 36 289 824 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 43 660 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 46% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 18% Cyclists 3% Pedestrians 15% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 3% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 4% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 11% Source: 2015, Canadian Motor Vehicle Tra c Collision Statistics Source: Canadian Motor Vehicle Tra c Collision Statistics 0 2 4 6 8 10 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS * National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 50 - 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit 80 - 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population 0.04-0.08 g/dl d BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00-0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes e Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 30% f National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 98% Drivers g, 98% Passengers g National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 95% Front seats h, 89% Rear seats h National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required — i Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 91% j National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes * These data take into consideration subnational laws. A criteria is answered "Yes" if at least 80% of the subnational entities meet the criteria d National BAC limit is set at 0.08 g/dl. However, in practice all subnational entities have provided their own BAC limits that are reflected in the range above. e Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers f 2017, The Alcohol and Drug-Crash Problems in Canada: 2014 Report; The Tra c Injury Research Foundation of Canada g 2016, Police observation h 2010. Result of Transport Canada's Rural and Urban Survey of Seat Belt Use in Canada 2009-2010 i Child restraint laws are enacted at subnational level. While all provinces require the use of child restraints, they provide diªerent age / height criteria to specify the period for mandatory use of child restraints / booster seats j 2010. Canada National Survey on Child Restrain Use, Completed for Transport Canada, in partnership with AUTO21 Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 119 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of Tr an sp or t a nd Ci vil Av iat ion . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Committee of Road Safety, Ministry of Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2014 37 475 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number — Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers — National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 193 a (85% M, 15% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 546 (95% CI 1 209 - 1 884) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 33.6 a Gendarmerie and hospital records. Unlimited time period following crash Central African Republic Population: 4 594 621 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 370 Deaths by road user category SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 5 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No b Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted c Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law No b Rear-seated child passengers under 12 years are not subject to the obligation to use a seat belt c Legislation only recommends ("as far as possible") to place children under 12 years in the rear Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 DATA NOT AVA I LABLE 120 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of P ub lic H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Infrastructure, Transport and Civil Aviation Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target From 4.4% to 2% (by 2018) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 124 000 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number — Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 122 (96% M, 4% F) a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 990 (95% CI 3 110 - 4 870) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 27.6 a Police Report and Hospital Register. From Jan-Oct 2016. Died within 7 days of crash Chad Population: 14 452 543 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 720 Deaths by road user category Source: National police (2016 data from Jan-Oct 2016) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 201620152014201320122011201020092008 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 5 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law No Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 121 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of Tr an sp or ta tio n an d T el ec om un ica tio n. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Trac Safety Commission (CONASET) Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 4 960 945 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 4 366 131 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 175 019 Heavy trucks 298 347 Buses 121 448 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 675 a (78% M, 22% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 2 245 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 12.5 a Integrated Statistical System of the Chilean Police (SIEC2). Died within 24 hours of crash Chile Population: 17 909 754 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 13 530 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 23% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 19% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 9%Cyclists 6% Pedestrians 36% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 4% Drivers and passengers of buses 2% Other 1% Source: 2016, Integrated Statistical System of the Chilean Police (SIEC2) Source: Integrated Statistical System of the Chilean Police (SIEC2) 8 9 10 11 12 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h b Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.03 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.03 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 13% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 99% Drivers d, 98% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 59% Front seats d, 14% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs Child restraint required Up to 8 yrs/135 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 73% e National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Can be increased up to an unspecified limit under certain circumstances. c Integrated Statistical System of the Chilean Police (SIEC2), includes driver, passenger and pedestrian deaths caused by alcohol. d 2015, Observation study of use of child restraint systems, helmet, and distracting driving and motorcycles, CONASET e 2015, Observation study of use of child restraint systems, helmet, and distracting driving and motorcycles, CONASET Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 122 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by N at ion al H ea lth an d Fa m ily P la nn in g C om m iss ion . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Inter-ministerial Convention on Road Trac Safety Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 6% reduction in mortality rate per 10 000 vehicles (2016-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 294 694 457 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control No a Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 58 022 b (94% M, 6% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 256 180 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 18.2 a However top 12 car makers (more than 70% of sales volume) committed to ESC standard as from 2018 b National road tra c accident situation in 2015, Tra c Management Bureau of the Public Security Ministry. Died within 7 days of crash China Population: 1 411 415 375 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 8 260 Deaths by road user category Source: Chinese annual statistics report on road tra c accidents in 2015 0 2 4 6 8 10 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 70 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population < 0.02 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol <1% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 20% All riders e National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 37% Drivers e National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers d 2015, Chinese annual statistics report on road tra c accidents e 2010, Study on behavioral risk factors of road tra c injury in Chinese adults Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 123 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by th e N at ion al R oa d Sa fe ty A ge nc y. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Agency Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 26% (2011-2021) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2017 13 477 996 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 5 388 100 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 7 512 036 Heavy trucks 414 836 Buses 147 921 Other 15 103 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 7 158 a (81% M, 19% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 8 987 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 18.5 a National Observatory of Road Safety (ONSV/ANSV), Based on Information from the National Institute of Legal Medicine And Forensic Sciences (INMLCF). Died within a year of crash Colombia Population: 48 653 420 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 6 320 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 4% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 5% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 53% Cyclists 5% Pedestrians 26% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 3% Drivers and passengers of buses 2% Other 3% Source: 2016, National Observatory of Road Safety (ONSV/ANSV), Based on Information from the National Institute of Legal Medicine And Forensic Sciences (INMLCF) Source: National Observatory of Road Safety (ONSV/ANSV), Based on Information from the National Institute of Legal Medicine And Forensic Sciences (INMLCF) 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 80 km/h Max rural speed limit 120 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.02 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 96% Drivers b, 80% Passengers b National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 64% Front seats b, 2% Rear seats b National child restraint law No c Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints 7.11% d National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, Observational study of road behavior in Colombia, Iberoamerican Road Safety Observatory (OISEVI) c A child under 2 years travelling with a driver only shall be placed in a child restraint. If there is an adult passenger, the child can be held by the adult instead of being placed in a child restraint. d 2016, Use of seat belt and child restraint system in Colombia, OISEVI Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 124 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of In te rio r, I nf or m at ion , a nd D ec en tra liz at ion . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Multi-sectoral Committee on Road Safety Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 34 898 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number None Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 23 a (96% M, 4% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 211 (95% CI 177 - 245) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 26.5 a Annual statistics of the National Gendarmerie. Died within 30 days of crash Comoros Population: 795 601 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 760 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 13% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 52% Pedestrians 17% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 17% Source: 2016, Annual statistics of the National Gendarmerie Source: Annual statistics of the National Gendarmerie 0 5 10 15 20 25 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes b Max urban speed limit — Max rural speed limit — Max motorway speed limit — Local authorities can modify limits — Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law No Applies to drivers and passengers — Helmet fastening required — Helmet standard referred to and/or specified — Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement — Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants — Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes b Tra c code refers to regulations to set maximum speed limits, regulations not available c Not based on BAC Trends in reported road tra c deaths Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 125 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of Tr an sp or t, Civ il Av iat ion an d Me rc ha nt N av y. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency General Directorate of Land Transport (DGTT) Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 20% (2017-2018) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles — Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 308 a (56% M, 19% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 405 (95% CI 1 124 - 1 687) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 27.4 a General Directorate of Land Transport (DGTT) Activity Report. Died within 30 days of crash Congo Population: 5 125 821 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 710 Deaths by road user category Source: General Directorate of Land Transport (DGTT) Activity Report 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 5 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 27% All riders b National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 4% Front seats b, 4% Rear seats b National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law No b 2015, General Directorate of Land Transport (DGTT) Investigation Report Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 126 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Road Safety Steering Committee Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target Zero crash-related deaths (2016-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for July 2013-June 2014 12 453 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 5 085 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 6 846 Heavy trucks 491 Buses 31 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 5 a (40% M, 60% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 17.3 a Cook Islands health information bulletin 2015. Unlimited time period following crash Cook Islands Population: 17 379 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ — Deaths by road user category Source: Cook Islands health information bulletin 0 10 20 30 40 50 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 50 km/h Max motorway speed limit 50 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 39% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes c Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants — Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes b 2015, Cook Islands health information bulletin c Obligation to use a helmet only applies to those riding on a motorcycle travelling above 40 km/h (except for specific provisions in Rarotonga - persons between 16 and 25 and visitors required to wear helmet at all speeds) Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 20% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 80% Source: 2015, Cook Islands health information bulletin Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 127 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Road Safety Council (COSEVI), Ministry of Public Works and Transportation Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 20% (2015-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads — Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 1 991 398 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 362 737 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 5 778 Heavy trucks 44 764 Buses 28 846 Other 549 273 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 795 a (87% M, 13% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 812 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 16.7 a Judicial Power, Planning Directorate. Died within a year of crash Costa Rica Population: 4 857 274 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 10 840 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 15% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 9% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 40% Cyclists 10% Pedestrians 25% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks <1% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other <1% Source: 2015, Judicial Power, Planning Directorate Source: Judicial Power, Planning Directorate 0 4 8 12 16 20 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 60 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 31% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 5 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 98% Drivers c, 92% Passengers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 75% Front seats c, 36% Rear seats c National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs/145 cm Child restraint required Up to 12 yrs/145 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2015, Judicial Power, Judicial Morgue (extraction of physical files) c 2016, Seat belt and helmet study, Road Safety Council, Ministry of Public Works and Transportation (COSEVI) Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 128 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of Tr an sp or t. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Road Safety Oce (OSER), Ministry of Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 50 % (2016-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 905 537 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 624 820 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 162 996 Heavy trucks 90 554 Buses 27 166 Other 1 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 991 a (76% M, 12% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 5 582 (95% CI 4 635 - 6 529) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 23.6 a Road Safety O ce (OSER). Died within 30 days of crash Côte d’Ivoire Population: 23 695 920 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 520 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 4% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 7% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 35% Pedestrians 40% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 5% Drivers and passengers of buses 8% Cyclists <1% Source: 2016, Road Safety O ce (OSER) Source: Road Safety O ce (OSER) and National Institute of Statistics (INS) 0 1 2 3 4 5 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law No Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 129 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency No Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 996 056 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 551 819 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 150 478 Heavy trucks 159 542 Buses 5 514 Other 128 703 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 307 a (79% M, 21% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 340 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 8.1 a Ministry of Interior. Died within 30 days of crash Croatia Population: 4 213 265 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 12 110 Deaths by road user category Source: Ministry of Interior 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h b Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 24% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 95% Drivers d, 95% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 62% Front seats d, 14% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 150 cm Child restraint required Up to 135/150 cm e Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Can be increased up to 80 km/h c 2016, Ministry of Interior d 2015, Faculty of Transort and Tra c Sciences, University of Zagreb e A child of height 135-150 cm can be restrained with an adult seat belt only provided that this child sits in the rear of the car Source: 2016, Ministry of Interior Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 35% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 14% Cyclists 9% Pedestrians 22% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 16% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 2% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 3% Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 130 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of M in ist ry of P ub lic H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Commission (CNSV) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 5 deaths per 100 000 population (2010- 2025) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 633 369 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 236 006 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 217 223 Heavy trucks 65 542 Buses 19 842 Other 94 756 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 750 b (80% M, 20% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 975 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 8.5 a Data available only for 2013 b Tra c Accident Registry. Died within 30 days of crash Cuba Population: 11 475 982 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 6 570 a Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 5% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 5% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 16% Pedestrians 33% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 12% Drivers and passengers of buses 7% Other 13% Cyclists 10% Source: 2016, Tra c Accident Registry Source: Tra c Accident Registry 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.01 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 33% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 7 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 95% Drivers e, 90% Passengers e National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 35% Drivers e, 30% Front seats e National child restraint law No f Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes c Random breath testing not addressed in the law d Systematic studies carried out since 1985, Institute of Legal Medicine e 2016, National Transit O ce f Children under 2 years shall be either accompanied by adults or restrained with special accessories Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 131 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Road Safety Unit, Ministry of Transport, Communications and Works Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2012-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 650 805 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 487 692 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 39 282 Heavy trucks 121 119 Buses 2 712 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 46 a (78% M, 22% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 60 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 5.1 a Cyprus Police. Died within 30 days of crash Cyprus Population: 1 170 125 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 23 680 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 24% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 11% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 22%Cyclists 4% Pedestrians 30% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 7% Drivers and passengers of buses 2% Source: 2016, Cyprus Police Source: Cyprus Police and Cyprus Statistical Service 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 65 km/h Max rural speed limit No Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 17% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 75% Drivers c, 68% Passengers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint d Child restraint required Up to 135/150 cm e Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, Cyprus Police c 2010, Cyprus Police d Provided that airbag is deactivated if child is in a rear-facing child restraint system e A child of height 135-150 cm can be restrained with an adult seat belt only provided that this child sits in the rear of the car Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 132 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency The Council of the Government of the Czech Republic for Road Safety Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 60% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 7 325 789 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 5 115 316 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 046 467 Heavy trucks 646 792 Buses 19 950 Other 497 264 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 611 a (76% M, 24% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 630 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 5.9 a Ranking EU Progress on Road Safety. Died within 30 days of crash Czechia Population: 10 610 947 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 17 570 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 37% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 17% Cyclists 9% Pedestrians 21% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 6% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 10% Source: 2016, Directorate of Tra c Police Service, Tra c accident statistics Source: Directorate of Tra c Police Service, Tra c accident statistics 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h b Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.03 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.03 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 10% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 98% Front seats d, 72% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint e Child restraint required Up to 36 kg/150 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Can be increased up to 80 km/h c 2016, Directorate of Tra c Police Service, Tra c accident statistics d 2016, Center for Transport Research, Public Research Institute e Provided that airbag is deactivated if child is in a rear-facing child restraint system Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 133 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Program for Road Safety (CNPR), Ministry of Transport and Communication Channels Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure — Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles — Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 385 a (81% M, 19% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 26 529 (95% CI 21 142 - 31 915) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 33.7 a National Program for Road Safety (CNPR), Kinshasa city. Died at scene of crash Democratic Republic of the Congo Population: 78 736 152 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 420 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 1% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 35% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 12% Pedestrians 52% Other <1% Source: 2016, Road Tra c Police (PCR) Source: Road Tra c Police (PCR) 0 100 200 300 400 500 201620152014201320122011201020092008 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h b Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.10 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.10 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law No b Tra c signs may on certain public highways provide for a higher speed limit not exceeding 80 km/h c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers Trends in reported road tra c deaths Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 134 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by D an ish R oa d Di re ct or at e. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency No Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target ≤120 fatalities by 2020 (2013- 2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 3 131 673 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 2 786 472 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 198 035 Heavy trucks 41 436 Buses 13 383 Other 92 347 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers — National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 211 a (73% M, 27% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 227 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 4 a Road Directorate, Tra c accidents for the year 2016. Died within 30 days of crash Denmark Population: 5 711 870 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 56 730 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 45% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 3% Cyclists 15% Pedestrians 17% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 16% Drivers and passengers of buses 1% Other <1% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 1% Source: 2016, Danish Road Directorate statistics (based on police data) Source: Danish Road Directorate statistics (based on police data), National statistics (Statistics Denmark) 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes b Enforcement — Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement — % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 5 yrs / 135 cm Enforcement — Helmet wearing rate 98% Drivers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate 96% Front seats c, 91% Rear seats c National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint d Child restraint required Up to 135 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement — % children using child restraints 97% e National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Speed limits can be modified at local level by the road authorities and the police c 2016, Danish Road Safety Council d Provided that airbag is deactivated if a rear-facing restraint is used e 2012, The Danish Road Tra c Investigation Board, Christian Skov Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 135 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Transport Board, Ministry of Justice, Immigration and National Security Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure — Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 35 796 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 25 812 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2 747 Heavy trucks 4 834 Buses 2 403 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 10 a (70% M, 30% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 8 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 10.9 a Death Registry. Unlimited time period following crash Dominica Population: 73 543 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 6 750 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 10% Pedestrians 10% Drivers and passengers of buses 10% Other 10% Cyclists 60% Source: 2015, Vital registration,Verified Police Records and Health Facilities Record Source: Death Registry 0 4 8 12 16 20 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law No Max urban speed limit — Max rural speed limit — Max motorway speed limit — Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement — Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law No Applies to drivers and passengers — Helmet fastening required — Helmet standard referred to and/or specified — Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement — Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 136 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by IN TR AN T. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Presidential Commission for Road Safety and National Institute of Trac and Land Transport (INTRANT) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 30% (2017-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 3 854 038 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 203 176 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2 096 196 Heavy trucks 41 385 Buses 92 144 Other 421 137 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 3 118 a (88% M, 12% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 684 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 34.6 a Combined sources. Died within 30 days of crash Dominican Republic Population: 10 648 791 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 6 390 Deaths by road user category Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 5% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 67% Cyclists 1% Pedestrians 17% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 3% Drivers and passengers of buses 1% Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 6% Source: 2016, Metropolitan Transportation Authority (AMET) Source: Metropolitan Transportation Authority (AMET) 0 6 12 18 24 30 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 60 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 8 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 27% Drivers b, 2% Passengers b National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 18% Front seats b, 5% Rear seats b National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs Child restraint required Up to 6 yrs c Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2014, Metropolitan Transportation Authority (AMET) c Children aged 6-12 years shall be placed in a booster seat Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 137 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by N at ion al Tr an sit A ge nc y. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Trac Agency, Ministry of Transport and Public Works Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 40% (2015 - 2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 1 925 368 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 358 713 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 431 215 Heavy trucks 111 608 Buses 17 826 Other 6 006 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 2 894 a (81% M, 19% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 490 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 21.3 a National Institute of Statistics and Census. Died within 30 days of crash Ecuador Population: 16 385 068 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 5 820 Deaths by road user category Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 19% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 1% Other 52% Cyclists 2% Pedestrians 20% Drivers and passengers of heavy buses 1% Occupants of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 5% Source: 2015, National Institute of Statistics and Census Source: Statistical Registry of General Deaths and the National Tra c Agency 15 17 19 21 23 25 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 120 km/h Max motorway speed limit 135 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.03 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.03 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 7% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 7 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 90% Drivers c,12-52% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 26% Front seats e, 2% Rear seats e National child restraint law Yes f Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs Child restraint required — f Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 15% e National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers c 2015, National Tra c Agency d 52% wear helmet if it is only one more passenger, 12% when there is more than 2 passengers e 2016, National Tra c Agency f The legislation refers to seat belt or child restraints for children under 12 years but does not yet specify a minimum age/height/weight under which only child restraint systems can be used Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 138 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Council for Road Safety, Ministry of Interior Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 2-5 % (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 8 412 673 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 4 966 129 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2 967 829 Heavy trucks 380 980 Buses 97 735 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 8 211 a (82% M, 18% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 9 287 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 9.7 a Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS) and Ministry of Health. Died within 30 days of crash Egypt Population: 95 688 680 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 460 Deaths by road user category Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks <1% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 21% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 6%Cyclists 1% Pedestrians 27% Occupants of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 45% Source: 2016, Ministry of Health Source: Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS) & Ministry of Interior 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 7 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Not based on BAC Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 139 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Vice Ministry of Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 008 080 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 727 412 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 209 214 Heavy trucks 60 320 Buses 11 134 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 215 a (84% M, 16% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 411 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 22.2 a Civil National Police. Define as unlimited time period following crash El Salvador Population: 6 344 722 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 920 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 16% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 16% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 14% Pedestrians 49% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Cyclists 1% Drivers and passengers of buses 1% Source: 2016, Civil National Police Source: Civil National Police and Institute of Legal Medicine 0 6 12 18 24 30 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Not restricted b Child restraint required Up to 2 yrs/15 kg Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes b Except for children under 2 yrs or 15 kg who are required to be transported in a child restraint Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 140 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of th e I nt er ior an d Lo ca l C or po ra tio ns . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency General Directorate of Trac and Road Safety, Ministry of the Interior and Local Corporations Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads — Investments to upgrade high risk locations — Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles 143 000 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2011) 41 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 300 (95% CI 221 - 379) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 24.6 a General Directorate of Tra c and Road Safety. Died at scene of crash Equatorial Guinea Population: 1 221 490 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 6 550 Deaths by road user category SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash — Enforcement — % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 5 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law No Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 DATA NOT AVA I LABLE 141 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Land Transport Authority, Ministry of Transport and Communication Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 5% (2012-2016) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 72 405 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 42 468 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 4 035 Heavy trucks 21 137 Buses 4 765 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 130 b (81% M, 19% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 255 (95% CI 1 025 - 1 485) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 25.3 a Data available only for 2011 b Eritrean Police 2016 Annual report. Died within 30 days of crash Eritrea Population: 4 954 645 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 520 a Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 10% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 26% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2% Pedestrians 25% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 12% Drivers and passengers of buses 15% Cyclists 9% Source: 2016, Eritrean Police 2016 Annual Report Source: Eritrean Police 2016 Annual Report 0 40 80 120 160 200 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 95% Drivers d, 95% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 80% Drivers d, 80% Front seats d National child restraint law No e Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 9 yrs f Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers d 2016, Eritrean Police e Legislation refers to the use of child restraint or seat belts for "children over 9" while children under 3 years are required to be placed in a restraint only while seated in the front f Except for an infant under 3 years fitted in a proper restraint Trends in reported road tra c deaths Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 142 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by Es to ni an R oa d Ad m in ist ra tio n. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Governmental Committee of Trac Safety, Trac Safety Department Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 51% (2015-2025) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 865 040 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 703 151 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 48 834 Heavy trucks 108 217 Buses 4 838 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 71 a (70% M, 30% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 80 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 6.1 a Police and Border Guard Board’s analysis and data warehouse information system. Died within 30 days of crash Estonia Population: 1 312 442 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 17 750 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 28% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 24% Cyclists 7% Pedestrians 31% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1% Drivers and passengers of buses 1% Other 4% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 3% Source: 2016, Police and Border Guard Board’s analysis and data warehouse information system Source: Police and Border Guard Board’s analysis and data warehouse information system and Statistics Estonia 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h b Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit No c Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.02 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 10% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 98% Drivers e National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 97 Front seats f, 82% Rear seats f National child restraint law Yes g Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — g Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 98% f National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Can be increased up to 90 km/h on certain conditions c No motorways in the country d 2016, Police and Border Guard Board’s analysis and data warehouse information system e 2015, Motorcyclist’s travel, driving and safety habits f 2016, Tra c Behavior Monitoring 2016 g The legislation generally states that children not tall enough to wear a seat belt must be secured by a safety device corresponding to the height and weight of the child but does not specify age/height/weight group covered Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 143 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Road Safety Council, Ministry of Works and Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 99 830 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 203 a (71% M, 29% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 361 (95% CI 296 - 427) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 26.9 a Royal Swaziland Police Annual Report. Unlimited time period following crash Eswatini Population: 1 343 098 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 830 Deaths by road user category Passengers of all vehicles 30% Pedestrians 44% Drivers of all vehicles 24% Cyclists 2% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers <1% Source: 2016, Royal Swaziland Police Annual Report Source: Central Statistics O ce 0 5 10 15 20 25 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 100 km/h b Max rural speed limit 100 km/h b Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h b Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Speed limit for public roads is 100 km/h for a road with a surface of concrete, bitumen or tar and 80 km/h for other roads c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 144 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015/2016 708 416 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015/2016) 4 352 a (78% M, 22% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 27 326 (95% CI 21 494 - 33 159) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 26.7 a Federal Police Commission. Died within 30 days of crash Ethiopia Population: 102 403 200 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 660 Deaths by road user category Source: Ministry of Transport 0 1 2 3 4 5 201620152014201320122011201020092008 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 70 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 4% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate <1% All occupants d National child restraint law No e Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 13 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers c 2012/2013, Ethiopian Federal Police Commission d 2013/2014, Ethiopian Federal Police Commission e Legislation requires that children under 7 years be either accompanied by an adult or "hugged by an instrument made for safety purpose" Trends in reported road tra c deaths Other 63% Pedestrians 37% De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 145 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by th e L an d T ra ns po rt Au th or ity . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Land Transport Authority Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 110 763 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 60 a (75% M, 25% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 86 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 9.6 a Fiji Police Force, Road Tra c Accidents Annual Report 2016. Died within 30 days of crash Fiji Population: 898 760 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 4 840 Deaths by road user category Source: Land Transport Authority, "Factsheet 4: Ratios - Population & Vehicle Registration Ratios over 10 Year Period" 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit — b Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 5% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 8 yrs d Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 80% Drivers e, 80% Passengers e National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 75% Front seats f, 5% Rear seats f National child restraint law Yes g Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required Up to 8 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes b No motorways in the country c 2016, Fiji Police Force, Road Tra c Accidents Annual Report d Except if motorcycle is fitted with one additional seat designed to transport children e 2016, Observation by Land Transport Authority (LTA) and Police enforcement o cers f 2016, Fiji Police Annual Booking Report g The obligation to use a child restraint for children under 8 years sitting in the rear is subject to the availability of a restraint system in the car Drivers of all vehicles 28% Pedestrians 37% Passengers of all vehicles 35% Source: 2016, Fiji Police Force, Road Tra c Accidents Annual Report Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 146 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by Fi nn ish Tr an sp or t S af et y A ge nc y. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Transport and Communications Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target < 136 fatalities by 2020 (2010-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 5 217 850 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 3 781 441 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 592 960 Heavy trucks 146 624 Buses 17 536 Other 679 289 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 252 a (81% M, 19% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 260 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 4.7 a Statistics Finland. Died within 30 days of crash Finland Population: 5 503 132 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 44 730 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 51% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 14% Cyclists 10% Pedestrians 11% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Other 4% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 9% Source: 2016, Statistics Finland Source: Statistics Finland 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 24% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 98% All riders c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 95% Front seats d, 85% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint e Child restraint required Up to 135 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 97% d National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, Statistics Finland c 2011, Finnish Road Safety Council, Research survey on moped drivers among students d 2016, Finnish Road Safety Council e Provided that airbag is deactivated if child is in a rear-facing child restraint system Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 147 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of th e I nt er ior . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Inter-ministerial Delegation for Road Safety, Ministry of Interior Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2010-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 42 363 000 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 37 920 000 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 3 800 000 Heavy trucks 550 000 Buses 93 000 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers — National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 3 477 a (76% M, 24% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 585 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 5.5 a National Interdepartmental Observatory of Road Safety (ONISR). Died within 30 days of crash France Population: 64 720 688 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 38 950 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 40% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 14% Cyclists 5% Pedestrians 16% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 21% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 2% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Source: 2016, National Interdepartmental Observatory of Road Safety (ONISR) Source: National Interdepartmental Observatory of Road Safety (ONISR, fatality data) 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 29% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 98% All riders b National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 98% Front seats b, 88% Rear seats b National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs c Child restraint required Up to 10 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, National Interdepartmental Observatory of Road Safety (ONISR). c By exception, children under 10 years can sit in the front if placed in a rear-facing child restraint (if front airbag is deactivated) or if there are no available rear seats Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 148 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency General Directorate of Road Safety (DGSR), Ministry of Transport and Logistics Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Not funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure — Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads — Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles — Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 54 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 460 (95% CI 382 - 538) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 23.2 a National Police Force (data for Libreville). Died within 30 days of crash Gabon Population: 1 979 786 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 7 210 Deaths by road user category Source: General Directorate of Road Safety (DGSR) 0 60 120 180 240 300 201620152014201320122011201020092008 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 5 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law No Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 149 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of Tr an sp or t, W or ks an d In fra st ru ct ur e. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Directorate of Planning, Ministry of Transport, Works and Infrastructure Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2005-2016 84 963 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 33 734 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 28 118 Heavy trucks 3 940 Buses 6 947 Other 12 224 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number None Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 139 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 605 (95% CI 484 - 726) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 29.7 a Gambia Police Force. Time period following a crash not defined in legislation Gambia Population: 2 038 501 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 440 Deaths by road user category Source: : Gambia Police Force and Gambia Bureau of Statistics 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit No Max rural speed limit No Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 2% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required Up to 5 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Not based on BAC c 2013, The Gambia Police Accident Statistics Unit Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 150 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by N at ion al Ce nt er fo r D ise as e C on tro l a nd P ub lic H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Economy and Sustainable Development of Georgia Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 25% (2016-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 126 470 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 919 199 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 63 083 Heavy trucks 93 497 Buses 50 691 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 581 a (54% M, 20% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 599 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 15.3 a Ministry of Interior Aªairs. Unlimited time period following crash Georgia Population: 3 925 405 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 810 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 20% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 24% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers <1% Pedestrians 27% Other 27% Cyclists <1% Source: 2016, Patrol police of the Ministry of Interior Aªairs Source: Ministry of Interior Aªairs of Georgia 0 5 10 15 20 25 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.03 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.03 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 9% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 70% Drivers d, 60% Front seats d National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers c 2016, Ministry of Interior Aªairs (Patrol police) d 2006, World Bank Survey on Seat Belt in Tbilisi Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 151 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by Fe de ra l H igh wa y R es ea rc h In st itu te (B AS t). INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure (BMVI) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 40% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 56 622 000 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 45 071 000 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 6 248 000 Heavy trucks 4 942 000 Buses 78 000 Other 283 000 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 3 206 a (73% M, 27% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 327 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 4.1 a Federal Statistical O ce. Died within 30 days of crash Germany Population: 81 914 672 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 43 660 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 36% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 12% Cyclists 12% Pedestrians 15% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 19% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other <1% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 5% Source: 2016, Federal Statistical O ce Source: Federal Statistical O ce 0 2 4 6 8 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit No b Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement — Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement — % road trac deaths involving alcohol 7% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement — Helmet wearing rate 99% Drivers d, 100% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate 98% Front seats d, 99% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required Up to 12 yrs/150 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement — % children using child restraints 97-99% d National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b There is no maximum speed limit on motorways c 2016, Federal Statistical O ce d 2015, Federal Highway Research Institute (BASt) Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 152 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by N at ion al R oa d Sa fe ty Co m m iss ion . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Commission (NRSC), Ministry of Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 2 066 943 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 171 169 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 515 507 Heavy trucks 153 923 Buses 210 997 Other 15 347 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 1 802 a (79% M, 21% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 7 018 (95% CI 6 056 - 7 980) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 24.9 a National Road Safety Commission (NRSC), National Accident Statistics 2015. Died within 30 days of crash Ghana Population: 28 206 728 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 380 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 5% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 7% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 18% Pedestrians 46% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 6% Drivers and passengers of buses 13% Other 2% Cyclists 3% Source: 2015, National Road Safety Commission (NRSC), National Accident Statistics 2015 Source: National Road Safety Commission (NRSC), National Accident Statistics 2015 0 2 4 6 8 10 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 42% Drivers c, 17% Passengers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 18% Front seats c, 4% Rear seats c National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 5 yrs d Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers or commission of a tra c oªence c 2015, National seatbelt and crash helmet usage survey d Under the road tra c act, children aged 5 years and below shall not sit in the front, while under the road tra c regulations they can sit in the front if placed in a child restraint Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 153 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by D ep ar tm en t o f T ra ns po rta tio n Pl an ni ng an d En gin ee rin g. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Inter-Ministerial Road Safety Committee Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target < 640 fatalities (2010-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 9 489 299 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 5 160 056 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2 969 879 Heavy trucks 1 332 823 Buses 26 541 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 824 a (80% M, 20% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 026 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 9.2 a Hellenic Statistical Authority (ELSTAT). Died within 30 days of crash Greece Population: 11 183 716 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 18 960 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 29% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 11% Cyclists 2% Pedestrians 18% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 5% Other 2% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 32% Source: 2016, Hellenic Statistical Authority (ELSTAT) Source: Hellenic Statistical Authority (ELSTAT) 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 25% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 5 yrs c Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 75% Drivers d, 46% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 74% Front seats d, 23% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required 135-150 cm e Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 67% d National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2015, Hellenic Statistical Authority (ELSTAT), National Technical University of Athens c Unless placed in an appropriate child restraint d 2009, National Technical University of Athens e The use of seat belt is allowed for children of height 135-150 cm sitting in the rear Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 154 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Transport Board, Ministry of Works Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 27 266 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 10 a (100% M, 0% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 10 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 9.3 a Royal Grenada Police Force Tra c Department and death certificates from the Epidemiology and Information Unit of the Ministry of Health. Time period for deaths not defined Grenada Population: 107 317 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 8 830 Deaths by road user category DATA NOT AVA I LABLE Source: Royal Grenada Police Force Tra c Department and death certificates from the Epidemiology and Information Unit of the Ministry of Health 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 20162015201420132012 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit ~ 32 km/h Max rural speed limit ~ 64 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes b Not based on BAC Trends in reported road tra c deaths Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 155 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by th e T ra ns it De pa rtm en t. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Transit Department, Ministry of Government Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 5.5% deaths per 100 000 population (2017- 2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 3 250 194 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 706 275 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 227 879 Heavy trucks 154 473 Buses 113 448 Other 48 119 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 2 058 a (84% M, 16% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 2 758 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 16.6 a National Observatory of Tra c Safety (ONSET), Bulletin 37, 2016. Died at scene of crash Guatemala Population: 16 582 469 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 790 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 8% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 11% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 33% Cyclists <1% Pedestrians 39% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 4% Drivers and passengers of buses 3% Other 1% Source: 2016, Tra c accidents database, National Civil Police. Source: Tra c accidents database, National Civil Police. 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 36% Drivers c, 11% Passengers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Not based on BAC c 2016, Observational study of helmet and vest, National Observatory of Tra c Safety. Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 156 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Program to Combat Trauma and Violence Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 259 731 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 187 165 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 72 566 Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number None Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 458 a (72% M, 22% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 490 (95% CI 2 903 - 4 077) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 28.2 a Police and Gendarmerie. Died at scene of crash Guinea Population: 12 395 924 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 490 Deaths by road user category Source: Police and Gendarmerie, Statistical Directory on Transport of the Republic of Guinea, 2nd Edition 0 150 300 450 600 750 2016201520142013201220112010 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law No Max urban speed limit — Max rural speed limit — Max motorway speed limit — Local authorities can modify limits — Enforcement — Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required Up to 18 mths b Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law No b The legislation refers to homologated seats for children under 18 months and to cribs and hammocs for children under 10 years Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 157 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of P ub lic H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency No Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 62 239 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 122 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 565 (95% CI 465 - 664) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 31.1 a National Transit Group. Time period following a crash not defined Guinea-Bissau Population: 1 815 698 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 620 Deaths by road user category Source: National Transit Group 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 6 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs/135 cm Child restraint required Up to 12 yrs/135 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 158 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of P ub lic S ec ur ity . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Public Security Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 15 694 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 8 846 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 3 505 Heavy trucks 1 356 Buses 785 Other 1 202 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 128 a (77% M, 23% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 190 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 24.6 a Guyana Police Force. Died within a year of crash Guyana Population: 773 303 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 4 250 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 11% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 13% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 22% Cyclists 13% Pedestrians 30% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 6% Drivers and passengers of buses 5% Source: 2016, Guyana Police Force Source: Guyana Police Force 0 7 14 21 28 35 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes b Max urban speed limit ~ 64 km/h Max rural speed limit ~ 64 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 17% d National motorcycle helmet law No Applies to drivers and passengers — Helmet fastening required — Helmet standard referred to and/or specified — Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement — Helmet wearing rate 50% Drivers d, 20% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 95% Drivers d, 95% Front seats d National child restraint law Yes e Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — e Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Speed limits set per vehicle type and road type - for motor cars, speed limits are: 30 mph (48 km/h) on restricted roads, 60 mph (96 km/h) on Timehri/Linden Highway and 40 mph (64 km/h) elsewhere c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers d 2016, Guyana Police Force e The legislation refers to child restraint sytem for children but does not specify the age/height group covered by this obligation Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 159 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by S ta te S ec re ta ria t o f S ec ur ity . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Directorate of Roads and Transportation, Secretariat for Security Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 694 504 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 987 829 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 602 837 Heavy trucks 63 094 Buses 40 744 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 407 a (83% M, 17% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 525 (95% CI 1 388 - 1 661) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 16.7 a Combined sources: National Observatory of Road Safety, Police Statistical System, and National Observatory of Violence. Unlimited time period following crash Honduras Population: 9 112 867 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 150 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 19% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 24% Pedestrians 28% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 5% Drivers and passengers of buses 3% Other 18% Cyclists 4% Source: 2016, Summary of Accidents, National Observatory of Road Safety, Statistical Police System (ONASEVIH/ SEPOL) Source: National Observatory of Road Safety, Statistical Police System and National Observatory of Violence 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes b Max urban speed limit — Max rural speed limit — Max motorway speed limit — Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.07 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.07 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 7% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No e Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation refers to regulations to set maximum speed limits, regulations not available c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers d National Observatory of Road Safety, Statistical Police System (ONASEVIH/SEPOL) e Legislation refers to the protection of children under 5 years but does not specify which form this protection takes Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 160 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H um an Ca pa cit ies . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency No Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2017-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 4 022 798 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 3 313 206 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 162 148 Heavy trucks 528 962 Buses 18 482 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 607 a (76% M, 24% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 756 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 7.8 a Hungarian Central Statistical O ce: Data collection No. 1009. Died within 30 days of crash Hungary Population: 9 753 281 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 12 570 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 28% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 17% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 11% Cyclists 12% Pedestrians 25% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 4% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Other 2% Source: 2016, Hungarian Central Statistical O ce: Data collection No. 1009 Source: Hungarian Central Statistical O ce: Data collection No. 1009 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population 0.00 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 7% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 100% Budapest, 92% Country road e National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 83% Front seats f, 39% Rear seats f National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required 135-150 cm g Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 67% h National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Any presence of alcohol in the body is prohibited c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers d 2016, Hungarian Central Statistical O ce e 2017, Institute for Transport Sciences f 2015, Institute for Transport Sciences g Children of height 135-150 cm can be restrained with seat belt only if they sit in the back h 2015, Institute for Transport Sciences, Roadside survey Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 161 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by Ic el an dic Tr an sp or t A ut ho rit y. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency The Icelandic Transport Authority (Samgöngustofa) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 289 501 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 264 998 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 10 573 Heavy trucks 11 068 Buses 2 862 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 18 a (72% M, 28% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 22 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 6.6 a Road Tra c Accident Report 2016, The Icelandic Transport Authority. Died within 30 days of crash Iceland Population: 332 474 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 56 990 Source: The Icelandic Transport Authority, Road Tra c Accident Report 2016 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 14% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted c Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 93% Front seats d, 86% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint e Child restraint required Up to 135 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 93% f National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2007-2016, The IceTrA accident database c Children who are 7 years or younger shall be placed in an appropriate child seat while children older than 7 years shall be able to have their feet reaching the pedals d Survey on attitudes and behaviour in tra c 2016 e Seating of children under 150cm allowed in the front only if front airbag deactivated f 2015, Transport Authority Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 56% Pedestrians 11% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 5% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 11% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 17% Drivers and passengers of buses 1% Source: The Icelandic Transport Authority, Road Tra c Accident Report 2016 Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 162 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of R oa d T ra ns po rt an d Hi gh wa ys . Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 6% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 12% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 40% Cyclists 2% Pedestrians 10% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 11% Drivers and passengers of buses 7% Other 13% Source: Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, Road Accidents in India 2016 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Road Transport and Highways Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 210 023 289 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 38 523 053 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 154 297 746 Heavy trucks 4 461 059 Buses 1 970 786 Other 10 770 645 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection Yes a Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 150 785 b (85% M, 15% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 299 091 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 22.6 a Mandatory from October 2018 b Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, Road Accidents in India 2016. Died within 30 days of crash India Population: 1 324 171 392 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 680 Deaths by road user category Source: Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, Road Accidents in India 2016 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 100 km/h c Max rural speed limit 100 km/h c Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h c Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.03 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.03 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes d Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 4% e National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 30% Drivers f, <10% Passengers f National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 14-40% Drivers g, 4-11% Front seats g National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes c Speed limit set per vehicle type with a maximum speed limit of 100 km/h for passengers cars comprising not more than eight seats in addition to the driver’s seat d Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers e 2016, Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, Road Accidents in India 2016 f 2015, The validity of self-reported helmet use among motorcyclists in India, Wadhwaniya et al g 2000-2015, Various journal articles and reports Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 163 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of Tr an sp or ta tio n. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Planning Agency (Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional - BAPPENAS) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 128 398 594 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 31 282 a (76% M, 22% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 31 726 (95% CI 27 277 - 36 176) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 12.2 a IRSMS Korlantas Polri. Died within 30 days of crash Indonesia Population: 261 115 456 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 400 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 2% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 3% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 74% Cyclists 3% Pedestrians 16% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other <1% Source: 2016, Indonesia National Police Source: IRSMS Korlantas Polri 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 71% All riders c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 69% All occupants c National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use No Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Not based on BAC c 2013, Average helmet and safety belt compliance across 42 cities enrolled in Wahana Tata Nugraha annual tra c and transport award Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 164 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth an d Me dic al Ed uc at ion . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Road Safety Commission, Ministry of Road and Urban Development Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 10% annually (2011- 2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016-2017 b 30 377 065 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 17 588 666 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 11 576 219 Heavy trucks 1 079 127 Buses 133 053 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 15 932 c (78% M, 22% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 16 426 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 20.5 a Data available only for 2014 b Based on Iranian calendar from 21 March 2016 to 20 March 2017 c Legal Medicine Organization. Died within 30 days of crash Iran (Islamic Republic of) Population: 80 277 424 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 6 530 a Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 20% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 28% Cyclists <1% Pedestrians 22% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 24% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Drivers and passengers of buses 1% Other 1% Source: 21 March 2016 - 20 March 2017 (Iranian Calendar), Legal Medicine Organization and Tra c Police Source: Legal Medicine Organization and National Statistics Center 0 8 16 24 32 40 2016-20172015-20162014-20152013-20142012-20132011-20122010-20112009-20102008-20092007-2008 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 95 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes d BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes e Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 2% f National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 59% Drivers g, 20% Passengers g National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 93% Front seats g, 15% Rear seats g National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes d Not based on BAC. Alcohol consumption is legally prohibited e Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers f 21 March 2016 - 20 March 2017 (Iranian Calendar), Tra c Police g 21 March 2016 - 20 March 2017 (Iranian Calendar), Tra c Police Field Surveys Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 165 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Supreme Council for Road Safety, Ministry of Interior Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Not funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 5 775 777 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 5 483 711 a Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 159 736 Heavy trucks 97 553 Buses 34 777 Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 4 134 b (78% M, 22% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 7 686 (95% CI 6 548 - 8 824) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 20.7 a Including Kurdistan b Combined sources including hospital and forensic medicine data. Unlimited time period following crash Iraq Population: 37 202 572 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 5 430 Deaths by road user category Source: Ministry of Health 0 5 10 15 20 25 20142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers No Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited d Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes c Not based on BAC d The law prohibits children to sit in the front but does not specify the age, size or weight of children concerned Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 166 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by D ep ar tm en t f or Tr an sp or t, To ur ism an d Sp or t. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency The Road Safety Authority (RSA) Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 25 deaths per million population by 2020 (2012- 2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 2 573 961 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 985 130 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 36 974 Heavy trucks 330 541 Buses 31 236 Other 190 080 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 188 a (74% M, 26% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 194 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 4.1 a Road Safety Authority Collision Database, 2017. Died within 30 days of crash Ireland Population: 4 726 078 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 52 560 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 43% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 20% Cyclists 5% Pedestrians 19% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Other <1% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 12% Source: 2016, Road Safety Authority Collision Database, 2017 Source: Road Safety Authority Collision Database 2017 and CSO website 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 39% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 99% Drivers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 94% Front seats d, 74% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint e Child restraint required Up to 36 kg/150 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2008-2012, Fatal Collisions 2008-2012, Alcohol as a Factor, 2016 c 2016, 2016 Observational Report on High Visibility and Helmet Wearing rates (only motorcycle drivers) d 2016, Mobile Phone and Seatbelt Observational Study 2016 e Provided that airbag is deactivated if child is in a rear-facing child restraint system Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 167 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Israel National Road Safety Authority (RSA) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 3 239 305 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 2 726 835 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 130 442 Heavy trucks 92 817 Buses 20 212 Other 268 999 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes a Electronic stability control Yes a Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 335 b (76% M, 24% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 345 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 4.2 a Required for cars made under US regulations - for European cars, no requirements further than ESC b Central Bureau of Statistic, Jerusalem, Israel. Died within 30 days of crash Israel Population: 8 191 828 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 36 190 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 26% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 20% Cyclists 3% Pedestrians 29% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Drivers and passengers of buses 3% Other 5% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 12% Source: 2016, Central Bureau of Statistics, Jerusalem, Israel and Israeli Police data Source: Central Bureau of Statistics, Jerusalem, Israel 0 2 4 6 8 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.01 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 4% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 98% Drivers d, 98% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 89% Front seats e, 70% Rear seats e National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required Up to 8 yrs f Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 52% g National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes c 2016, Israeli police d 2011, Israel National Road Safety authority e 2016, Israel National Road Safety Authority f For children under 3 years, a child restraint is required (and a rear-facing child restraint for children under one year) while for children aged 3-8 years the legislation refers either to child restraint or booster seat use g Observational survey (Figure for children aged 0-15 years buckled in accordance with the law) Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 168 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Transport, Directorate General Road Safety Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2010-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 52 581 575 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 41 322 370 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 9 354 428 Heavy trucks 885 513 Buses 97 817 Other 921 447 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 3 428 a (80% M, 20% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 333 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 5.6 a Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT) and Automobile Club of Italy (ACI) Survey on road accidents resulting in death or injury. Died within 30 days of crash Italy Population: 59 429 936 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 31 590 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 32% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 11% Cyclists 7% Pedestrians 18% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 26% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 2% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 5% Source: 2015, Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT) and Automobile Club of Italy (ACI) Survey on road accidents resulting in death or injury Source: Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT) and Automobile Club of Italy (ACI) Survey on road accidents resulting in death or injury 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h b Max motorway speed limit 150 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 20-25% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 5 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 98% All riders d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 62% Front seats d, 15% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint e Child restraint required Up to 150 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 38% d National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 110 km/h for main suburban roads, 90 km/h for secondary suburban roads c 2010, DRUID project on prevalence of alcohol and other psychoactive substances in drivers killed and injured (Isalberti et al., 2011) d 2015, Italian National Institute of Health e Provided that airbag is deactivated Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 169 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Council (NRSC) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target < 300 deaths (By 2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 541 316 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 418 945 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 14 090 Heavy trucks 107 815 Buses — a Other 466 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 379 b (84% M, 16% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 391 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 13.6 a Buses are included under heavy trucks b Jamaica Constabulary Force (JCF). Died within 30 days of crash Jamaica Population: 2 881 355 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 4 660 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 14% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 19% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 29% Cyclists 8% Pedestrians 22% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 4% Drivers and passengers of buses 3% Source: 2016, Jamaica Constabulary Force Source: Jamaica Constabulary Force (death data) and Statistical Institute of Jamaica (population data). 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit ~ 48 km/h Max rural speed limit ~ 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 6% Drivers, 2% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 54% Front seats d, 4% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes e Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — e Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers or commission of a tra c oªence d 2008, Jamaica Health and Lifestyle Survey (refers to use always or most times) e The legislation refers to child restraint system for children but does not specify the age/height group covered by this obligation Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 170 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth , L ab ou r a nd W elf ar e. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Central Trac Safety Policy Council Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target <2 500 deaths (within 24hrs) per year (2016-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 81 602 046 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 4 682 a (68% M, 32% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 5 224 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 4.1 a National Police Agency. Died within 30 days of crash Japan Population: 127 748 512 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 38 000 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 24% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 8% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 17%Cyclists 15% Pedestrians 35% Other 1% Source: 2016, National Police Agency Source: National Police Agency 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 60 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.03 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.03 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 6% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 98/95% Front seats d, 72/36% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required Up to 6 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 64% e National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers c 2016, National Police Agency d 2016, Joint study by Japan Automobile Federation (JAF) and National Police Agency. Percentages are for expressways and other roads, respectively e Joint study by Japan Automobile Federation (JAF) and National Police Agency. Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 171 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by Jo rd an Tr a c I ns tit ut e. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency No Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 502 420 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 750 a (79% M, 21% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 2 306 (95% CI 1 926 - 2 686) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 24.4 a Public Security Directorate (Jordan Police), 2016 Tra c Accidents Report. Died within 30 days of crash Jordan Population: 9 455 802 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 920 Deaths by road user category Drivers of all vehicles 38% Pedestrians 29% Passengers of all vehicles 34% Source: Directorate of General Security, Annual Reports of Tra c Accidents in Jordan 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 90 km/h Max rural speed limit 120 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation refers to alcohol testing in the case of reckless driving or in the case of a crash Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 172 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Internal A®airs Ministry of the Republic of Kazakhstan Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target ≤ 12 fatalities per 100 000 population by 2020 (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 4 383 120 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 3 835 609 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 9 692 Heavy trucks 439 167 Buses 98 652 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 2 625 a (74% M, 26% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 158 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 17.6 a Combined sources, including Committee on Statistics of the Ministry of National Economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Died within 30 days of crash Kazakhstan Population: 17 987 736 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 8 710 Deaths by road user category Cyclist 2% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 4% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 2% Drivers of all vehicles 60% Pedestrians 31% Source: 2016, Committee on Statistics of the Ministry of National Economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan Source: Committee on Statistics of the Ministry of National Economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan 0 7 14 21 28 35 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h b Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit 140 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl c BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.05 g/dl c Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol <1% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required — e Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes e Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Can be increased up to 90 km/h c Diªerent ranges are provided to characterize the degree of intoxication with the 0.05 to <0.15g/dl range corresponding to light intoxication d 2016, Committee on Statistics of the Ministry of National Economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan e The legislation requires that children under 12 years be placed in a child restraint or "other means" used in conjunction with a seat belt Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 173 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Transport and Safety Authority, Ministry of Transport, Infrastructure, Housing and Urban Development Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 2 979 910 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 2 965 a (83% M, 17% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 13 463 (95% CI 11 486 - 15 440) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 27.8 a National Transport and Safety Authority, 2016 Road Safety Status Report. Died at scene of crash Kenya Population: 48 461 568 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 380 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 12% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 25% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 24% Cyclists 2% Pedestrians 37% Source: National Transport and Safety Authority, 2016 Road Safety Status Report Source: National Transport and Safety Authority, World Bank, and Kenya National Bureau of Statistics 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 35% Drivers c, 3% Passengers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers or commission of a tra c oªence c 2010, Helmet wearing in Kenya, Bachani et al Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 174 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth an d Me dic al S er vic es . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency No Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target Zero deaths by 2019 (2016 - 2019) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for June 2016 - August 2017 3 706 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 2 547 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 757 Heavy trucks 4 Buses 398 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 5 a (60% M, 40% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 5 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 4.4 a Health & Police. Died within 24 hours of crash Kiribati Population: 114 395 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 380 Deaths by road user category Source: Health & Police 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 40 km/h Max rural speed limit 60 km/h Max motorway speed limit 60 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl b BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl b Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes c Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement — Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No d Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Reduced BAC limits introduced by the Tra c Act 2017, at December 2017, the notice of commencment had not yet been signed c Helmet provisions introduced by the Tra c Act 2017, at December 2017, the notice of commencment had not yet been signed d The Tra c Act 2017 requires children aged 1-16 years to be either seated in the back with a seat belt or restrained by passenger over 16 years Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 40% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 20% Pedestrians 40% Source: 2016, Health & Police Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 175 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency General Directorate of Trac, Ministry of Interior Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads — Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 2 001 940 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 628 834 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 19 193 Heavy trucks 264 567 Buses 54 633 Other 34 713 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 424 b (88% M, 13% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 715 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 17.6 a Data available only for 2015 b Tra c department, Ministry of Interior. Died within 30 days of crash Kuwait Population: 4 052 584 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 41 680 a Deaths by road user category Source: Ministry of Interior 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 45 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 80 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes c Not based on BAC. Alcohol consumption legally prohibited Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 176 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Commission for Road Safety, under leadership of the Prime Minister Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target Decrease mortality by 156 (2007-2016) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 993 000 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 812 a (74% M, 26% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 916 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 15.4 a National Statistical Committee. Died within a year of crash Kyrgyzstan Population: 5 955 734 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 100 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles <1% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 27% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2% Pedestrians 40% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks <1% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 30% Cyclists <1% Source: 2016, National Statistical Committee Source: National Statistical Committee 0 5 10 15 20 25 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No c Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint d Child restraint required — e Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Not based on BAC c The obligation to use seat belt does not apply in residential areas nor for children under 12 years d Children under 12 years travelling in the front of a car must be placed in a child restraint e Legislation only refers to the use of child restraints for children under 12 years travelling in the front Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 177 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of P ub lic W or ks an d T ra ns po rt. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Committee (NRSC) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 850 020 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 370 043 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 422 869 Heavy trucks 52 443 Buses 4 665 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 086 a (86% M, 14% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 120 (95% CI 946 - 1 294) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 16.6 a Department of Tra c Police. Died within 30 days of crash Lao People’s Democratic Republic Population: 6 758 353 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 150 Deaths by road user category Source: Secretariat to National Road Safety Committee (NRSC) 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 40 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit — b Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes c Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required Yes c Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law No d b No motorways in the country c The law states that children unable to wear normal seat belts must be placed in a child restraint seat but no specific age / weight / height is specified d Legislation banning drug driving only applies to bus and truck drivers Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 178 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by Ce nt re fo r D ise as e P re ve nt ion an d Co nt ro l o f t he R ep ub lic of La tv ia. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency No Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Not funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2010-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for on 01.01.2017 803 628 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 665 284 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 49 581 Heavy trucks 84 067 Buses 4 696 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 158 a (78% M, 22% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 184 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 9.3 a Road tra c safety directorate. Died within 30 days of crash Latvia Population: 1 970 530 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 14 630 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 28% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 16% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 12% Cyclists 4% Pedestrians 35% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 3% Other <1% Source: 2016, Road tra c safety directorate Source: Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia 0 5 10 15 20 25 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 11% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 150 cm d Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 85% Front seats e, 53% Rear seats e National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint f Child restraint required Up to 150 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers c 2016, Road tra c safety directorate d Or until the child can hold the balance and reach feet support or is sitting on a seat corresponding to its age and weight e 2016, Health behaviour among Latvian adult population, 2016 f Except if no seat belt is fitted in the vehicle, in which case children under 150cm shall be travelling in the rear Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 179 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by N at ion al R oa d Sa fe ty Co un cil . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Council Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads — Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 866 407 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 696 444 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 124 348 Heavy trucks 19 037 Buses 15 703 Other 10 875 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 576 a (78% M, 22% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 090 (95% CI 837 - 1 396) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 18.1 a General Directorate of the Internal Security Forces. Unlimited time period following crash Lebanon Population: 6 006 668 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 7 680 Deaths by road user category Drivers of all vehicles 28% Passengers of all vehicles 15% Pedestrians 37% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 21% Source: General Directorate of the Internal Security Forces (death data) and World Bank (population data) 0 3 6 9 12 15 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 70 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 10 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required Up to 5 yrs b Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation refers to regulations to further specify the child restraint rules Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 180 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Department of Road Safety Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles — Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number None Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 318 a (63% M, 37% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 638 (95% CI 544 - 733) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 28.9 a Police records. Unlimited time period following crash Lesotho Population: 2 203 821 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 210 Deaths by road user category Source: Police records 0 5 10 15 20 25 2017201620142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 60% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 75% Drivers b, 3% Passengers b National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, Police records Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 181 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth an d So cia l W elf ar e. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency No Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2012 1 085 075 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 073 438 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 3 780 Heavy trucks 396 Buses 7 461 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers — National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 175 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 657 (95% CI 1 299 - 2 015) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 35.9 a Liberia National Police. Died at scene of crash Liberia Population: 4 613 823 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 370 Deaths by road user category SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit ~40 km/h Max rural speed limit ~56 km/h Max motorway speed limit ~72 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.15 g/dl b BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.15 g/dl b Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 13 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants — Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes b Over this limit there is a presumption of alcohol impairement (from 0.05 to 0.15 no presumption established but the alcohol concentration can be used to decide on the guilt or innocence of the driver) Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 DATA NOT AVA I LABLE 182 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Department of Trac and Licenses, Ministry of Interior Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Not funded Fatality reduction target 3-5 % (2008 -2010, renewable every 3 years) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 3 553 497 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 2 821 285 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 828 Heavy trucks 624 243 Buses 8 248 Other 97 893 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 2 414 b (86% M, 14% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 645 (95% CI 1 234 - 2 171) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 26.1 a Data available only for 2011 b Department of Tra c and Licenses, Statistical report for road tra c crashes 2016 Libya Population: 6 293 253 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 4 730 a Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 39% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 36% Cyclists 2% Pedestrians 21% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2% Source: 2016, Department of Tra c and Licenses, Statistical report for road tra c crashes 2016 Source: Department of Tra c and Licenses, Statistical report for road tra c crashes 2016 0 15 30 45 60 75 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 85 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 1% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers No Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use No Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes c Not based on BAC. Alcohol consumption legally prohibited d 2016, Department of Tra c and Licenses, Statistical report for road tra c crashes 2016 Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 183 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by Ce nt re fo r H ea lth Ed uc at ion an d Di se as es P re ve nt ion . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency State Trac Safety Commission, Ministry of Transport and Communications Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 35%, from 92 to 60 deaths per 1 million population (2011–2017) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 1 391 568 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 295 018 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 37 753 Heavy trucks 51 941 Buses 6 856 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 192 a (74% M, 26% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 234 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 8 a Police Department, Ministry of Interior. Died within 30 days of crash Lithuania Population: 2 908 249 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 14 770 Deaths by road user category Passengers of all vehicles 16% Cyclists 9% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 6% Pedestrians 38% Drivers of all vehicles 31% Other 1% Source: 2016, Lithuania Tra c Police Service report Source: Police records and Statistics Lithuania 0 5 10 15 20 25 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h b Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.04 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 10% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 97% Front seats d, 30% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint e Child restraint required Up to 135 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Can be increased or decreased to an unspecified speed under certain circumstances c 2016, Lithuanian Tra c Police Service, Ministry of Interior d 2016, Road and Transport Research Institute e If transported in rear-facing restraints, airbag must be deactivated Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 184 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in sit ry of H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Sustainable Development and Infrastructure, Department of Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 01.01.2017 466 472 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 422 073 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 29 253 Heavy trucks 13 242 Buses 1 904 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 32 a (66% M, 34% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 36 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 5.7 a National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies (STATEC), Police Grand-Ducale. Died within 30 days of crash Luxembourg Population: 575 747 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 76 660 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 41% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 22% Cyclists 3% Pedestrians 25% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 9% Source: 2016, National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies (STATEC), Police Grand-Ducale Source: National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies (STATEC), Police Grand-Ducale 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 14% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs c Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 90% Front seats d, 76% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint e Child restraint required Up to 17 yrs/150 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies (STATEC), Police Grand-Ducale c And until the child is tall enough to adequately use the foot pegs d 2015, TNS ILRES/MDDI e Provided that airbag is deactivated if child is in a rear-facing child restraint system Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 185 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of P ub lic H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Intersectoral Committee for Road Safety (CISR), Ministry of Transport and Meteorology Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 5% (2015-2017) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 236 979 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 136 508 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 42 835 Heavy trucks 24 912 Buses 32 724 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number None Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 340 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 7 108 (95% CI 5 895 - 8 321) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 28.6 a National Gendarmerie. Died within 24 hours of crash Madagascar Population: 24 894 552 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 400 Deaths by road user category Pedestrians 47% All occupants 53% Source: 2016, Insurance Companies Committee (CEAM) Source: National Gendarmerie 0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 20112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h b Max rural speed limit No Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 5 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Can be modified up to 80 km/h Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 186 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Directorate of Road Trac and Safety Services, Ministry of Transport and Public Works Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 20% (2015-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles — Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 122 a (82% M, 18% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 5 601 (95% CI 4 590 - 6 612) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 31 a Road Safety Database. Died within 30 days of crash Malawi Population: 18 091 576 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 320 Deaths by road user category Drivers of all vehicles 6% Other <1% Passengers of all vehicles 25% Pedestrians 50% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 3% Cyclists 16% Source: 2016, Annual Tra c Accidents Report Source: Road Safety Database 0 2 4 6 8 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 26% Drivers b, 21% Front seats b National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, 2016 Seat-belt wearing and mobile phone use baseline survey Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 187 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Road Safety Department, Ministry of Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2014-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 27 613 120 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 13 123 638 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 12 677 041 Heavy trucks 1 191 310 Buses 59 977 Other 561 154 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 7 152 a (87% M, 13% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 7 374 (95% CI 6 482 - 8 266) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 23.6 a Tra c Investigations and Enforcement Department, The Royal Malaysia Police (RMP). Died within 30 days of crash Malaysia Population: 31 187 264 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 9 850 Deaths by road user category Source: The Royal Malaysia Police 0 6 12 18 24 30 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yesb Max urban speed limit 90 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol <1% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 91% Drivers e, 87% Passengers e National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 74% Front seats f, 10% Rear seats f National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law No b Speed limit set per vehicle and road type with a maximum speed limit for passenger cars of 110 km/h on highways and 90 km/h on other roads c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers or commission of a tra c oªence d 2016, The Royal Malaysia Police e 2016, Malaysian Institute of Road Safety Research (MIROS) f 2015, Malaysian Institute of Road Safety Research (MIROS) Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 188 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in sit ry of H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Transport Authority, Ministry of Economic Development Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Not funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 92 983 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 14 314 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 75 053 Heavy trucks 3 438 Buses 178 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 4 a (50% M, 50% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 4 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 0.9 a Maldives Police Service. Unlimited time period following crash Maldives Population: 427 756 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 7 430 Deaths by road user category Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 75% Pedestrians 25% Source: 2016, Maldives Police Service Source: Maldives Police Service 0 1 2 3 4 5 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 30 km/h b Max rural speed limit 30 km/h b Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law No c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement — % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers No d Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No d Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law No b Speed limit set per vehicle type with a maximum speed limit of 30 km/h for specified vehicles, except in designated areas with higher speeds c Alcohol consumption legally prohibited d Only required on roads where vehicles may be driven at a speed higher than the normal limit Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 189 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of Tr an sp or t. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Agency for Road Safety (ANASER), Ministry of Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 344 345 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 197 660 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 54 952 Heavy trucks 22 073 Buses — Other 69 660 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 541 a (88% M, 12% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 4 159 (95% CI 3 404 - 4 914) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 23.1 a National Agency for Road Safety (ANASER). Died within 30 days of crash Mali Population: 17 994 836 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 750 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 16% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 12% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 42% Cyclists 2% Pedestrians 11% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 4% Drivers and passengers of buses 10% Other 3% Source: 2016, National Agency for Road Safety (ANASER) Source: National Agency for Road Safety (ANASER), DNT, Police, and Gendarmerie 0 2 4 6 8 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.03 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.03 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol <1% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted c Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 6% Drivers d, <1% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes e Applies to front and rear seat occupants No e Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 20% Drivers d National child restraint law No f Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, National Agency for Road Safety (ANASER) c Children under 5 years traveling on motorcycles must be placed in a seat with tether belts d 2015, Spirit Survey Report e Seat belts are only required outside cities f Children under 13 years can be restrained either by a child restraint system or a seat belt Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 190 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M iin ist ry fo r H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Transport Malta Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2014-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 358 947 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 22 a (77% M, 23% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 26 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 6.1 a Vital registration data (mortality registry). Died within a year of crash Malta Population: 429 362 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 24 140 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 9% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 9% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 41% Cyclists 5% Pedestrians 27% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 9% Source: 2016, Malta National Mortality Register, Directorate for Health Information and Research Source: National Statistics O ce 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required Up to 3 yrs c Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers c Legislation refers to child restraint use for children up to 12 yrs / 150cm but allows children aged 3 years and over, in the absence of an available restraint, to travel in the rear without a restraint. For children under 3 years, a child restraint shall be mandatorily used Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 191 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Directorate of Road Safety, General Directorate of Land Transport (DGTT) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 25% (2012-2016) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles — Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number — Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 184 a (60% M, 40% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 064 (95% CI 891 - 1 236) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 24.7 a Directorate of Road Safety (DGTT). Died within 30 days of crash Mauritania Population: 4 301 018 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 120 Deaths by road user category SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 80 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No c Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes b Not based on BAC c The use of seat belt for rear seat passengers is only required outside urban areas Source: Directorate of Road Safety (DGTT) 0 50 100 150 200 250 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 192 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of P ub lic In fra st ru ct ur e. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Trac Management and Road Safety Unit, Ministry of Public Infrastructure and Land Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2016-2025) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 507 676 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 282 855 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 199 399 Heavy trucks 14 645 Buses 3 107 Other 7 670 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 144 a (94% M, 6% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 173 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 13.7 a Statistics Mauritius, Economic and Social Indicators on Road Transport and Road Tra c Accident Statistics, March 2017. Died within 30 days of crash Mauritius Population: 1 262 132 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 9 760 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 9% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 8% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 46% Cyclists 7% Pedestrians 31% Source: 2016, Statistics Mauritius, Economic and Social Indicators on Road Transport and Road Tra c Accident Statistics, March 2017 Source: Statistics Mauritius, Economic and Social Indicators on Road Transport and Road Tra c Accident Statistics, March 2017 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 90 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 24% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes d Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 97% Front seats e, <1% Rear seats e National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers c 2016, Forensic Scientific Laboratory d Reference is made to regulations to specify the types, shape and construction of helmets e 2011, Tra c Management and Road Safety Unit Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 193 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by S ec re ta ria t o f H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Council for Accident Prevention through its Secretariat (STCONAPRA) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 40 205 671 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 27 171 560 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2 608 659 Heavy trucks 10 067 394 Buses 358 058 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 16 039 a (79% M, 21% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 16 725 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 13.1 a Mortality Statistics, National Institute of Statistics, Geography and Informatics (INEGI). Unlimited time period following crash Mexico Population: 127 540 424 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 9 040 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 18% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 10% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks <1% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 41% Cyclists 1% Pedestrians 29% Source: 2015, Mortality Statistics, National Institute of Statistics, Geography and Informatics (INEGI) Source: 2015, Mortality Statistics, National Institute of Statistics, Geography and Informatics (INEGI) and National Council of Population (latter for population data) 0 4 8 12 16 20 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS * National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 20 -70 km/h Max rural speed limit 20-90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 45-110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 20% c National motorcycle helmet law No Applies to drivers and passengers No Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 83% Drivers d, 55% Passengers d National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate 49% Front seats d, 6% Rear seats d National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints 14% e National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use No Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes * These data take into consideration subnational laws. A criteria is answered "Yes" if at least 80% of the subnational entities meet the criteria b Not based on BAC in 19 out of 32 states c 2010-2013, Estimating the Drink-Driving attributable fraction of road tra c deaths in Mexico (Santoyo- Castillo et al, manuscript under peer-review) d 2016, Use of helmet, cell phone and speeding when driving: prevalence and associated factors in four Mexican cities (Hidalgo-Solórzano & Gómez-García) e 2014, Estimated use of child restraint in 2 Mexican States, STCONAPRA Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 194 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by D ep ar tm en t o f H ea lth an d So cia l A ªa irs . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency No Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES a Total registered vehicles for 2016 5 673 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 5 436 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 25 Heavy trucks 55 Buses 62 Other 95 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) a 2 b (100% M, 0% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 2 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 1.9 a Data for Pohnpei only b Pohnpei State Department of Public Safety and FSM Department of Health & Social Aªairs. Died within 24 hours of crash Micronesia (Federated States of) Population: 104 937 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 680 Deaths by road user category Source: Department of Health and Social Aªairs (HIS) - 3rd Global Status Report for Road Safety 0 1 2 3 4 5 2013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS c National speed limit law Yes d Max urban speed limit ~ 40 km/h Max rural speed limit ~ 40 km/h Max motorway speed limit ~ 40 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes e BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 100% f National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants — Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes c Legislation analysis takes into consideration subnational laws from Kosrae, Pohnpei and Yap (no data was available for Chuuk). A criteria is answered Yes if at least 75% of the subnational entities meet this criteria d Speed limits may be increased by the Governor (Kosrae and Yap) or by the Director of the Department of Public Safety (Pohnpei) e In Yap, a BAC limit is provided in the law. In Kosrae and Pohnpei, the law is not based on a BAC limit. No data is available for Chuuk. f 2016, Pohnpei State Department of Public Safety Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 50% Pedestrians 50% Source: 2016, Pohnpei Department of Public Safety Trends in reported road tra c deaths Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 195 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Road and Transport Development, The National Committee Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2012-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 841 537 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 547 299 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 42 751 Heavy trucks 175 648 Buses 6 823 Other 69 016 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 484 a (75% M, 25% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 499 (95% CI 471 - 527) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 16.5 a Health icators 2016, Center for Health Development. Died within 30 days of crash Mongolia Population: 3 027 398 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 550 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 17% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 22% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 19% Cyclists 1% Pedestrians 29% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Drivers and passengers of buses 1% Other 9% Source: 2016, General Police Department, "Statistics on road tra c injury and violation" Source: Center for Health Development, Health Indicators 2016 0 5 10 15 20 25 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.04 g/dl b BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.04 g/dl b Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 25% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted e Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Law based on breath alcohol concentration, values converted to BAC c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers or commission of a tra c oªence d 2016, General Police Department, "Statistics on road tra c injury and violation" e Children under 12 years can be transported on a motorcycle provided that there is a special support installed in the rear seat Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 196 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Coordination Body for monitoring the implementation of Strategy for the improvement of Road Safety Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2010-2019) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 211 219 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 184 623 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 4 362 Heavy trucks 13 445 Buses 1 308 Other 7 481 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 65 a (80% M, 20% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 67 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 10.7 a Statistical o ce of Montenegro (MONSTAT). Died within 30 days of crash Montenegro Population: 628 615 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 6 970 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 42% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 23% Cyclists 2% Pedestrians 14% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 15% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 3% Other 2% Source: 2016, Police Directorate Source: Statistical o ce of Montenegro (MONSTAT) 0 5 10 15 20 25 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.03 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes b Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 70% Drivers c, 30% Passengers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 40% Front seats c, 5% Rear seats c National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs d Child restraint required Up to 5 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes b As prescribed by the responsible state administration c 2016, Police Directorate d By exception, a child under 3 years can be transported in the front of the vehicle if placed in a rear-facing restraint provided that the airbag is deactivated Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 197 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of Eq uip m en t, Tra ns po rt an d Lo gis tic s. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Directorate of Road Transport and Road Safety, Ministry of Equipment, Transport, Logistics and Water Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 20% / 50% (2017-2020 / 2017- 2026) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 3 791 469 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 3 413 980 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 55 517 Heavy trucks 196 066 Buses 13 329 Other 112 557 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 3 785 a (83% M, 16% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 6 917 (95% CI 6 109 - 7 726) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 19.6 a Directorate of Roads. Died within 30 days of crash Morocco Population: 35 276 784 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 850 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 13% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 18% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 29%Cyclists 6% Pedestrians 26% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 2% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 5% Source: 2016, Directorate of Roads Source: Directorate of Roads (death data) and High-Commission for Planning (population data) 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population < 0.02 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 4% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 64% Drivers d, 31% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No e Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 63% Front seats d, 22% Rear seats d National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Alcohol consumption legally prohibited. c 2014, Directorate of Roads d 2016, National Committee for Road Accidents Prevention, Study on the measurement of behavioural indicators of road users e For rear seat passengers, seat belt required only outside cities Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 198 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of Tr an sp or t a nd Co m m un ica tio ns . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Land Transport Institute (INATTER), Ministry of Transport and Communications Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 698 864 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 379 a (76% M, 24% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 8 665 (95% CI 7 081 - 10 250) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 30.1 a Tra c police department. Died within 30 days of crash Mozambique Population: 28 829 476 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 480 Deaths by road user category Source: National Land Transport Institute (INATTER) 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 120 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.06 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.06 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 7 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs b Child restraint required Up to 12 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Except for infant under 3 years in a rear-facing child restraint with airbag deactivated Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 199 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Council (NRSC), Ministry of Transport and Communications Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Not funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for Till April 30,2017 6 381 136 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 516 707 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 5 391 505 Heavy trucks 59 680 Buses 28 383 Other 384 861 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 4 887 b (82% M, 18% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 10 540 (95% CI 8 860 - 12 219) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 19.9 a Data available only for 2015 b Tra c Police. Died within 30 days of crash Myanmar Population: 52 885 224 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 190 a Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 3% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 7% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 65% Cyclists 3% Pedestrians 14% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 3% Drivers and passengers of buses 1% Other 3% Source: 2016, National Injury Surveillance System (NISS) Source: Health Ministry Information System (HMIS) 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 48 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 21% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited e Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 32% Drivers d, 27% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 7% Drivers d National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes c Not based on BAC d 2016, National Injury Surveillance System (NISS) e Until footrests can be reached Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 200 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by N at ion al R oa d Sa fe ty Co un cil . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Council (NRSC), Ministry of Works and Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 6 March 2017 371 281 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 315 443 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 5 431 Heavy trucks 21 439 Buses 9 247 Other 19 721 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 731 a (72% M, 27% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 754 (95% CI 633 - 875) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 30.4 a Combined sources, including MVA Fund crash and claim data. Died within 30 days of crash Namibia Population: 2 479 713 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 4 620 Deaths by road user category Source: MVA Fund crash and claim data (fatalities) and National Census Report (population and projections) 0 7 14 21 28 35 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 120 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.079 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.079 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 4% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No c Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2011-2013, NRSC Alcohol Study Report 2016 c The law requires the use of child restraints for children (defined as people aged between 3-14 years) if available or the use of a seat belt if a child restraint is not available and an unoccupied seat fitted with a seat-belt is available Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 201 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Physical Infrastructure and Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2014/2015 2 339 169 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 187 014 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 547 312 Heavy trucks 56 250 Buses 52 388 Other 496 205 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 2 006 a (80% M, 20% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 4 622 (95% CI 3 928 - 5 317) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 15.9 a Nepal Police. Died within 30 days of crash Nepal Population: 28 982 772 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 730 Deaths by road user category Source: Nepal Police 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 2015-20162014-20152013-20142012-20132011-20122010-20112009-20102008-20092007-20082006-2007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 40 km/h b Max rural speed limit 80 km/h b Max motorway speed limit 80 km/h b Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes b Speed limit set per vehicle type with a maximum speed limit of 80 km/h for specified vehicles including cars, and a maximum limit of 40 km/h in an area with dense settlement c Not based on BAC Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 202 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of In fra st ru ct ur e a nd th e E nv iro nm en t. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment, Directorate-general for Mobility and Transport (DGB) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target ≤140 fatalities (2010-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 10 757 655 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 8 794 037 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 652 336 Heavy trucks 133 889 Buses 9 597 Other 1 167 796 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 621 a (74% M, 26% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 648 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 3.8 a Dutch Statistics, Vital Statistics. Died within 30 days of crash Netherlands Population: 16 987 330 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 46 310 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 30% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 8% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 21% Cyclists 30% Pedestrians 9% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 1% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other <1% Source: 2015, Dutch Statistics Source: Dutch Statistics 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 11-24% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 100% Drivers c, 84% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 97% Front seats e, 82% Rear seats e National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint f Child restraint required Up to 18 yrs/135 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2013-2015, SWOV factsheet DUI c 2012, PROV final report d 2008, BVOM, ‘Monitoring Bromfietshelmen 2008’ e 2010, BIA report f Provided that the airbag is deactivated if child is in a rear-facing child restraint Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 203 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of Tr an sp or t. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Land Transport Safety Team, Ministry of Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target Multiple (2010-2020) a SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 3 656 300 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes b Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 327 c (69% M, 30% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 364 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 7.8 a Targets vary for specific groups. See New Zealand Road Safety Strategy 2010 - 2020 b For new models as from 2018 c 2016, Motor Vehicle Crashes in New Zealand. Died within 30 days of crash New Zealand Population: 4 660 833 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 39 070 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 46% Cyclists 2% Pedestrians 8% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 16% Drivers and passengers of buses 1% Other 2% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 3% Passengers of 4-wheeled car and light vehicles 22% Source: 2016, Motor Vehicle Crashes in New Zealand Source: Motor Vehicle Crashes in New Zealand 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 27% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 97% Front seats e, 92% Rear seats f National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required Up to 7 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 93% g and 95% h National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes d 2016, Motor Vehicle Crashes in New Zealand (Percentages are for 0-4 years and 5-9 years, respectively) e 2016, National Survey of Seatbelts in New Zealand f 2014, National Survey of Seatbelts in New Zealand. g 2016, Ministry of Transport, Child restraint use by children under 5 years h 2016, Ministry of Transport, Child restraint use by children aged 5-9 years Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 204 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of Tr an sp or t. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Directorate of Trac and Road Safety (DC/SR), Ministry of Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 436 420 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 231 740 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks 11 389 Buses 10 676 Other 182 615 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 978 a (39% M, 61% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 5 414 (95% CI 4 273 - 6 554) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 26.2 a Ministry of Transport, 2012-2016 Statistics Yearbook. Died at scene of crash Niger Population: 20 672 988 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 370 Deaths by road user category Source: Directorate of Tra c and Road Safety (DC/SR) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit No Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants — Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes b Not based on BAC Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 205 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by Fe de ra l R oa d Sa fe ty Co rp s ( FR SC ). INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Federal Road Safety Corps Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 25% Annually (2014- 2018) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 11 733 425 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 6 732 639 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 302 410 Heavy trucks a 1 325 877 Buses 2 372 499 Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 5 053 b (79% M, 21% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 39 802 (95% CI 32 076 - 47 529) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 21.4 a All trucks included b Federal Road Safety Corps. Died within 30 days of crash Nigeria Population: 185 989 632 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 450 Deaths by road user category Source: Federal Road Safety Corps 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 c BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.002 d Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol <1% e National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 7 yrs Child restraint required Up to 7 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes c The legislation, as amended in 2016, refers to an alcohol legal limit of "0.05" for the general population but does not specify the unit to consider d The legislation, as amended in 2016, refers to an alcohol legal limit of "0.002" for young or novice drivers but does not specify the unit to consider e 2016, Federal Road Safety Corps Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 206 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by N or we gia n Pu bl ic Ro ad A dm in ist ra tio n. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency The Norwegian Public Road Administration Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target Deaths and serious injuries ≤500 (2014-2023) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 3 969 612 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 3 147 101 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 305 265 Heavy trucks 74 622 Buses 16 258 Other 426 366 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 135 a (82% M, 18% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 143 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 2.7 a Statistics Norway. Died within 30 days of crash Norway Population: 5 254 694 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 82 330 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 39% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 11% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 17% Cyclists 9% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 4% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 8% Pedestrians 12% Source: 2016, Norwegian Public Roads database (STRAKS) Source: Statistics Norway 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.02 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 13% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 99% Drivers c, 99% Passengers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 96-98% Drivers d, 95-96% Front seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint e Child restraint required 135-150 cm f Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2015, Road safety, environmental and technology department, 2015 state of road safety report c 2010, Statistics Norway d 2016, The Norwegian Public Road Administration (Percentages reflect "urban" and "outside urban" areas, respectively) e Provided that the airbag is deactivated if child is in a rear-facing child restraint f Child restraints are required for children under 150 cm. By exception, children of height 135-150 cm can be restrained with a seat belt only if sitting in the rear Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 207 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Committee for Road Safety Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 25% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 370 913 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 162 446 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 7 337 Heavy trucks 159 778 Buses 41 352 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 692 b (86% M, 14% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 713 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 16.1 a Data available only for 2015 b Royal Oman Police. Died within 30 days of crash Oman Population: 4 424 762 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 18 080 a Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 36% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 29% Cyclists <1% Pedestrians 23% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 3% Drivers and passengers of buses 5% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 4% Source: 2016, Royal Oman Police Source: Royal Oman Police and The National Centre for Information and Statistics 0 8 16 24 32 40 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit — Max rural speed limit — Max motorway speed limit — Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol <1% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 98% Drivers e, 92% Passengers e National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 98% Drivers e National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required Up to 4 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes c Not based on BAC d 2016, Royal Oman Police, Facts and figures e 2016, Royal Oman Police Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 208 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of N at ion al H ea lth S er vic es , R eg ul at ion s a nd Co or din at ion . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Communication Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 18 352 500 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 2 835 400 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 13 538 200 Heavy trucks 259 900 Buses 229 200 Other 1 489 800 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 4 448 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 27 582 (95% CI 23 243 - 31 920) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 14.3 a Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (Police records of provinces). Died at scene of crash Pakistan Population: 193 203 472 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 510 Deaths by road user category Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (police records of provinces) 0 1 2 3 4 2015-20162014-20152013-20142012-20132011-20122010-20112009-20102008-20092007-20082006-2007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 90 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 10% All riders c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Not based on BAC. Alcohol consumption legally prohibited c 2013, Road Tra c Injury Research & Prevention Centre, Karachi Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 209 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Trac and Ground Transport Authority (ATTT) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 15% of mortality rate per 100 000 population (2011- 2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 288 573 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 968 516 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 62 948 Heavy trucks 107 713 Buses 44 193 Other 105 203 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 440 a (85% M, 15% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 575 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 14.3 a Tra c Operations Directorate, National Police. Died within 30 days of crash Panama Population: 4 034 119 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 12 140 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 17% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 15% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 4%Pedestrians 40% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 4% Drivers and passengers of buses 2% Other 11% Cyclists 6% Source: 2015, Comptroller General of the Republic of Panama Source: Tra c Operations Directorate, National Police 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 80 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No b Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 5 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes b Children under 2 years shall be placed in a child restraint only where there is no other passenger seated in the rear Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 210 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by R oa d T ra c A ut ho rit y. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Road Trac Authority (RTA), Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 100 993 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 66 017 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 289 Heavy trucks 22 072 Buses 11 615 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 158 b (79% M, 21% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 145 (95% CI 991 - 1 298) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 14.2 a Data available only for 2014 b Tra c Police. Died within 30 days of crash Papua New Guinea Population: 8 084 991 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 160 a Deaths by road user category Source: National Road Safety Council 0 1 2 3 4 5 20132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 75 km/h Max motorway speed limit — Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement — Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement — % road trac deaths involving alcohol 56% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement — Helmet wearing rate 7.9% All riders National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted e Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes c Law not based on BAC d 2013, Royal Papua New Guinea Constabulary Police records e Children can sit in the front as long as they are using a seat belt Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 5% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 47% Pedestrians 47% Source: 2016, Tra c Police Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 211 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by N at ion al Tr an sit an d Ro ad S af et y A ge nc y. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Transit and Road Safety Agency Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 20% (2013-2018) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 871 947 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 567 388 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 624 202 Heavy trucks 75 247 Buses 18 456 Other 586 654 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 202 a (83% M, 17% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 529 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 22.7 a General Directorate of Strategic Health Information (DIGIES). Died within 30 days of crash Paraguay Population: 6 725 308 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 4 070 Deaths by road user category Drivers and passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 16% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 52% Cyclists <1% Pedestrians 23% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 1% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 8% Source: 2016, General Directorate of Strategic Health Information (DIGIES) Source: General Directorate of Strategic Health Information (DIGIES) 0 5 10 15 20 25 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population 0.00 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required Up to 5 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 212 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Council Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target From 10 to 6 deaths per 100 000 population (2016-2021) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads — Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 5 604 789 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 2 262 416 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2 943 070 Heavy trucks 319 184 Buses 80 119 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 2 696 a (77% M, 23% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 4 286 (95% CI 3 898 - 4 674) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 13.5 a Peruvian National Police. Died at scene of crash Peru Population: 31 773 840 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 5 950 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 2% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles <1% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers <1% Other 88% Cyclists <1% Pedestrians 8% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks <1% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Source: 2013, Ministry of Health, Vital System Source: Peruvian National Police 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 60 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 9% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 70% Drivers c, 8% Passengers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 16% Front seats d, <1% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs Child restraint required Up to 3 yrs e Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints <1 d National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, Peruvian National Police c 2014, Technical Secretariat of Road Safety d 2014, Observational urban study on the use of seat belt and child restraint system e Legislation requires the use of the seat belt for children from 3-12 years old Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 213 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by D ep ar tm en t o f H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Department of Transportation (DOTr) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 9 251 565 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 3 434 329 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 5 329 770 Heavy trucks 407 357 Buses 29 794 Other 50 315 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 10 012 a (81% M, 19% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 12 690 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 12.3 a Philippine Statistical Authority, Civil Registration and Vital Statistics. Unlimited time period following crash Philippines Population: 103 320 224 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 580 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles <1% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles <1% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 5% Other 94% Cyclists <1% Pedestrians 1% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks <1% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Source: 2015, Philippine Statistical Authority, Civil Registration and Vital Statistics Source: Philippine Statistical Authority, Civil Registration and Vital Statistics 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 40 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted c Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 87% Drivers d, 51% All riders d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 80% Drivers e National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 6 yrs d Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers c Child passengers on motorcycles are restricted in specific circumstances only (heavy volume of vehicles, high density of fast moving vehicles, speed limit over 60 km/h) d 2010, “Prevalence of Road Tra c Injury Risk Factors in the Province of Guimaras” e Ban on front seating set for children aged 6 years and below b Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 214 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Council Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2013-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 27 409 106 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 20 723 423 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2 531 520 Heavy trucks 3 098 376 Buses 109 844 Other 945 943 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 3 026 a (75% M, 25% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 698 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 9.7 a SEWiK Police Database (Tra c accidents and collisions reporting system). Died within 30 days of crash Poland Population: 38 224 408 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 12 680 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 29% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 18% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 11% Cyclists 9% Pedestrians 29% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 3% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 1% Source: 2016, SEWiK Police Database (Tra c accidents and collisions reporting system) Source: SEWiK Police Database (Tra c accidents and collisions reporting system) 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h b Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 140 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.02 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 13% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted d Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 99% Drivers e, 100% Passengers e National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 96% Front seats f, 76% Rear seats f National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint g Child restraint required 135-150 cm h Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 93% i National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 60 km/h from 23:00 - 05:00 c 2016, SEWiK Police Database (Tra c accidents and collisions reporting system) d Speed limit for motorcycles transporting a child under 7 years is limited to 40 km/h e 2015, Ministry of Infrastructure and Development, Using of motorcycle helmet in Poland 2015 f 2015, Ministry of Infrastructure and Development, Using of seat belts in Poland 2015 g Provided that airbag is deactivated if child is in a rear-facing restraint h Child restraints are required for children under 150 cm. By exception, children of height 135-150 cm can be restrained with a seat belt only if sitting in the rear i 2015, Ministry of Infrastructure and Development, Using of child restraints device in Poland 2015a Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 215 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Authority for Road Safety, Ministry of Internal Administration Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 41 deaths per million people (2016-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 6 590 094 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 5 970 710 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 506 400 Heavy trucks 98 267 Buses 14 717 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 563 a (77% M, 23% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 768 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 7.4 a National Authority for Road Safety. Died within 30 days of crash Portugal Population: 10 371 627 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 19 850 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 33% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 15% Cyclists 6% Pedestrians 22% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 1% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 18% Other 5% Source: 2016, National Authority for Road Safety, Ministry of Internal Administration Source: National Authority for Road Safety, Ministry of Internal Administration and National Institute of Statistics 0 2 4 6 8 10 201520142013201220112010 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 29% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 7 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 98% Drivers c, 97% Passengers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 96% Front seats c, 77% Rear seats c National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs/135 cm d Child restraint required Up to 12 yrs/135 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 91-100% c National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2015, National Authority for Road Safety and National Institute of Forensic Medicine and Forensic Sciences (INMLCF) c 2012, Portuguese Road Safety (PRP) d Except for children under 3 years in rear-facing child restraint with airbag deactivated Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 216 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by S up re m e C ou nc il of H ea lth . Qatar Population: 2 569 804 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 75 660 a INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Trac Safety Committee (NTSC) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 130 deaths by 2022 (2013-2022) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 330 487 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 16 479 Heavy trucks — Buses — Other 1 314 008 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 178 b (95% M, 5% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 239 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 9.3 a Data available only for 2015 b Ministry of Interior, General Tra c Directorate . Died within 30 days of crash Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 28% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 21% Cyclists 3% Pedestrians 32% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Drivers and passengers of buses 12% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2% Source: 2016, Ministry of Interior, General Tra c Directorate Source: Ministry of Interior, General Tra c Directorate 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 100 km/h Max rural speed limit 120 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 2% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints 72% e National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes c Not based on BAC. Alcohol consumption legally prohibited d 2016, Ministry of Interior, General Tra c Directorate (data from 2016) e 2015, Roadside observational study Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 217 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of La nd , In fra st ru ct ur e a nd Tr an sp or t. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target < 2700 deaths by 2021 (2017-2021) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 25 680 967 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 17 338 160 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2 180 688 Heavy trucks 3 492 173 Buses 892 539 Other 1 777 407 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 4 292 a (71% M, 29% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 4 990 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 9.8 a Korean National Police Agency. Died within 30 days of crash Republic of Korea Population: 50 791 920 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 27 600 Source: Korean National Police Agency 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 80 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 11% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 86% Drivers d, 40% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 83% Front seats e, 30% Rear seats e National child restraint law No f Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint g Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints 40-42% h National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers c 2016, Korean National Police Agency d 2016, Korea Tra c Culture Index, KOTSA (Korea Transportation Safety Authority) e 2016, Korea Tra c Culture Index f Only required for small children (defined as children under 6 years) sitting in the front g Safety seats required for small children (defined as children under 6 years) sitting in the front h 2016, National Survey Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 20% Pedestrians 40% Other 34% Cyclists 6% Source: 2016, Korean National Police Agency De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n Deaths by road user category Trends in reported road tra c deaths 218 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency The National Committee on Road safety Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 894 253 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 547 712 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 37 987 Heavy trucks 177 781 Buses 20 971 Other 109 802 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 346 a (76% M, 24% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 394 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 9.7 a National Center for Health Management. Died within 30 days of crash Republic of Moldova Population: 4 059 608 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 120 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 17% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles <1% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 4% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks <1% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 58% Cyclists 1% Pedestrians 18% Source: 2016, National Center for Health Management Source: National Center for Health Management 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.03 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.03 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 9% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 62% Front seats c, 18% Rear seats c National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs Child restraint required — d Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 50% c National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, Ministry of Internal Aªairs statistics c 2012, Joint report on the statistical data and the public's attitude to road safety in Chisinau and Tiraspol d The legislation refers to the use of child restraint systems or other means to transport children under 12 years Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 219 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of In te rn al A ªa irs . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Interministerial Council for Road Safety Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 7 014 661 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 5 472 423 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 119 534 Heavy trucks 912 790 Buses 48 803 Other 461 111 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 913 a (73% M, 27% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 2 044 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 10.3 a National database (EAC). Died within 30 days of crash Romania Population: 19 778 084 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 9 470 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 26% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 20% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 4% Cyclists 9% Pedestrians 37% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 3% Source: 2016, National database (EAC) Source: National database (EAC) and National Institute of Statistics (INS) 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 6% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 14 yrs c Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint d Child restraint required Up to 135 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, National database (EAC) c Children under 14 years allowed to be transported in the motorcycle sidecar and must be held in the arms under 7 years d If in accordance with the manufacturer's instruction and for rear-facing restraint if airbag is deactivated Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 220 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of In te rn al A ªa irs . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency The Governmental Commission on Road Safety Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target Reduce deaths by 8 000 (2012-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 54 014 259 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 44 698 592 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2 237 218 Heavy trucks 3 179 460 Buses 865 897 Other 3 033 092 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 20 308 a (72% M, 25% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 25 969 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 18 a Ministry of Internal Aªairs of the Russian Federation. Died within 30 days of crash Russian Federation Population: 143 964 512 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 9 720 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 32% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 25% Cyclists 2% Pedestrians 29% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 6% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 3% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other <1% Source: 2016, Ministry of Internal Aªairs of the Russian Federation Source: Ministry of Internal Aªairs of the Russian Federation 0 6 12 18 24 30 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes b Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.03 g/dl c BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.03 g/dl c Random breath testing carried out Yes d Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 23% e National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 66-83% Front seats f, 20-50% Rear seats f National child restraint law Yes g Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint h Child restraint required Up to 7 yrs i Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 49-52% f National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Local authorities can modify national speed limits through the posting of speed signs c Law based on breath alcohol concentration, values converted to BAC d Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers e 2016, Ministry of Internal Aªairs of the Russian Federation f 2016, Survey performed by the Russian Public Opinion Research Center, 2016 g Since 2017, child restraint systems are the only form of restraint allowed for children under 7 years (before the 2017 revision, children under 12 years were to be restrained either in a child restraint or by "other means") h Children up to 11 years (included) while sitting in the front shall be placed in a child restraint, children aged 12 years and more can sit in the front without a child restraint i For children aged 7-11 years old (included) sitting in the rear, child restraint or seat belt can be used Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 221 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Committee Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 180 137 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 71 394 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 91 874 Heavy trucks 5 909 Buses 1 234 Other 9 726 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers — National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 593 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 535 (95% CI 2 690 - 4 380) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 29.7 a Tra c Police. Died within 30 days of crash Rwanda Population: 11 917 508 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 700 Deaths by road user category SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 80 km/h b Max rural speed limit 80 km/h b Max motorway speed limit 80 km/h b Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law No b Speed limit set per vehicle type with a maximum speed limit of 80 km/h for passenger cars (not exceeding 3500 kg) c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers or commission of a tra c oªence Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 DATA NOT AVA I LABLE 222 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by D ep ar tm en t o f H ea lth an d W el ln es s. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Saint Lucia Road Transport Board Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 35 681 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 29 790 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 215 Heavy trucks 4 310 Buses 1 120 Other 246 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry — Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 15 a (73% M, 27% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 63 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 35.4 a Saint Lucia Royal Police Force (Tra c Department). Unlimited time period following crash Saint Lucia Population: 178 015 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 7 670 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 40% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 7% Cyclists 13% Pedestrians 13% Drivers and passengers of buses 7% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 20% Source: 2016, Saint Lucia Royal Police Force (Tra c Department) Source: Saint Lucia Royal Police Force (Tra c Department) 0 5 10 15 20 25 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit ~ 24 km/h Max rural speed limit ~ 24 km/h Max motorway speed limit ~ 56 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use No Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 223 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Works, Transport & Infrastructure (MWTI) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target <5 deaths per 10 000 vehicles (2011- 2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 25 235 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 23 557 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 95 Heavy trucks 1 184 Buses 326 Other 73 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015/2016) a 17 b (71% M, 29% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 22 (95% CI 20 - 25) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 11.3 a Data collected across fiscal year calendar 2015-2016 b Accident Compensation Cooperation (ACC). Unlimited time period following crash Samoa Population: 195 125 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 4 100 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 18% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 24% Pedestrians 47% Drivers and passengers of buses 6% Cyclists 6% Source: 2015/2016, Accident Compensation Cooperation (ACC) Source: Accident Compensation Cooperation (ACC) 0 7 14 21 28 35 2015-20162014-20152013-20142012-20132011-20122010-20112009-20102008-20092007-20082006-2007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit ~ 56 km/h Max rural speed limit ~ 56 km/h Max motorway speed limit — c Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 100% Drivers d, 100% Passengers e National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 100% Front seats f, 100% Rear seats f National child restraint law No g Children seated in front seat Not restricted h Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes c No motorways in the country d 2016, Land Transport Authority Instant Fine Act 2009/Tra c Oªence Notice e 2016, Land Transport Authority, Authorized Tra c O cers Report, Tra c Oªence Notice f 2016, Tra c Oªence Notice g Legislation refers to either child restraint or seat belt to restrain children under 12 years h Except if child restraint or seat belt are available in the front seat Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 224 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Working Group on Road Security Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 54 956 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 35 369 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 13 109 Heavy trucks 548 Buses 76 Other 5 854 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 0 b WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 0 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 0 a Data available only for 2008 b Information Technology, Data and Statistics O ce. Died within 30 days of crash San Marino Population: 33 203 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 51 810 a Deaths by road user category Source: Information Technology, Data and Statistics O ce 0 1 2 3 4 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 70 km/h Max rural speed limit 70 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required Up to 150 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 225 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Department of Land Transport, Ministry of Infrastructure, Natural Resources and Environment Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2017 34 050 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 23 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 55 (95% CI 43 - 68) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 27.5 a Special police transit unit of the national police. Died within 30 days of crash Sao Tome and Principe Population: 199 910 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 730 Deaths by road user category Source: Special Transit Unit of the National Police 0 5 10 15 20 25 2016201520142013201220112010200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.12 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.12 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 7 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No b Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs/150 cm c Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation refers to either child restraint or seat belt use to transport children c Except if the vehicle does not have rear seats provided and such transportation is made in a child restraint (with airbag deactivated if a rear-facing restraint is being used) Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 226 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Trac Department, Ministry of Interior Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 6 895 799 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 9 031 a (87% M, 13% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 9 311 (95% CI 8 268 - 10 354) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 28.8 a Tra c Department, Annual statistical report. Died within 30 days of crash Saudi Arabia Population: 32 275 688 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 21 750 Deaths by road user category Source: Tra c Department, Annual statistical report 0 7 14 21 28 35 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 80 km/h Max rural speed limit 120 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 16 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required Yes c Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Not based on BAC. Alcohol consumption legally prohibited c Reference is made to special seats to be used for children with no details as to the specific age/height under which children should be mandatorily placed in them Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 227 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth an d So cia l A ct ion . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Directorate of Land Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 35% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 468 051 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 348 088 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 38 879 Heavy trucks 56 631 Buses 17 689 Other 6 764 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 604 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 609 (95% CI 3 052 - 4 165) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 23.4 a Road Transport Final Report, February 2017. Died within 30 days of crash Senegal Population: 15 411 614 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 950 Deaths by road user category Source: Road Transport Final Report, February 2017 0 1 2 3 4 5 20142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit No Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers No Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes b Not based on BAC Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 228 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Coordination Body for Road Trac Safety Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 2 282 401 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 908 449 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 63 587 Heavy trucks 208 925 Buses 9 709 Other 91 731 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 607 a (82% M, 18% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 649 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 7.4 a Database of the Ministry of Interior on road tra c accidents. Died within 30 days of crash Serbia Population: 8 820 083 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 5 280 Deaths by road user category Source: Statistical O ce of the Republic of Serbia and Database of the Ministry of Interior on road tra c accidents 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h b Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.03 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 17% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 86% Drivers d, 74-87% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 75% Front seats d, 10% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs e Child restraint required Up to 3 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 28% d National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Can be increased to 80 km/h c 2016, Database of the Ministry of Interior on road tra c accidents d 2016, Road Tra c Safety Agency of Republic of Serbia (percentages for helmet wearing are for mopeds and motorcycles, respectively) e Except for children under 3 years if airbag is deactivated Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 30% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 16%Cyclists 9% Pedestrians 23% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 4% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 9% Drivers and passengers of buses 1% Other 7% Source: 2016, Database of the Ministry of Interior on road tra c accidents Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 229 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Department of Land Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 23 076 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 19 469 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 799 Heavy trucks 2 211 Buses 597 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 15 a (87% M, 13% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 15 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 15.9 a Police and Ministry of Health. Died within 30 days of crash Seychelles Population: 94 228 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 15 410 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 20% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 27% Cyclists 7% Pedestrians 20% Drivers and passengers of buses 7% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 20% Source: 2016, Police Source: Ministry of Health, National Bureau of Statistics, and Police 0 5 10 15 20 25 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 25-80 km/h b Max rural speed limit 80 km/h b Max motorway speed limit 80 km/h b Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No d Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 10 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes e Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required Yes f Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Speed limits depend on the geographical area considered: the maximum speed limit is 40 km/h on roads in Greater Victoria and 80 km/h on any other roads; the islands of Praslin and La Digue are subject to 65 km/h and 25 km/h, respectively c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers or commission of a tra c oªence d Reference is made to regulations to specify helmet types, in 2017 these regulations were in the process of being developed e The legislation refers to the use of child restraint systems for infant or child passenger but does not refer to a specific age/ height up to which the use of child restraint is mandatory f Obligation not based on age/height or weight Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 230 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Trac Police & Land Transport Authority Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 933 534 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 727 533 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 142 439 Heavy trucks 45 224 Buses 18 338 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 141 a (73% M, 27% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 155 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 2.8 a Singapore Police Force. Died within 30 days of crash Singapore Population: 5 622 455 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 51 880 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeledcars and light vehicles 6% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 1% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 44% Cyclists 14% Pedestrians 33% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks <1% Source: 2016, Singapore Police Force Source: Singapore Police Force 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 70 km/h b Max rural speed limit — c Max motorway speed limit 90 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes d Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 6% e National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 10 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required Up to 135 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Diªerent speed limits are set in urban areas ranging from 30 km/h to 70km/h c No rural roads in Singapore d Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers or commission of a tra c oªence e 2016, Singapore Police Force Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 231 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of transport of the Slovak Republic Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 2 606 412 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 2 388 415 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 126 630 Heavy trucks 82 563 Buses 8 804 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 275 a (78% M, 22% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 330 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 6.1 a Road Accident Database (ISDN). Died within 30 days of crash Slovakia Population: 5 444 218 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 16 810 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 33% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 17% Cyclists 8% Pedestrians 29% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 9% Drivers and passengers of buses 1% Other 3% Source: 2016, Road Accident Database (ISDN) Source: Road Accident Database (SEDN) for 2007-2009; Road Accident Database (ISDN) for 2010-2016; and Statistical Bureau of Slovak Republic 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population 0.00 g/dl b BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl b Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 6% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint d Child restraint required Up to 150 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Driving with presence of any alcohol in the body is prohibited c 2016, Road Accident Database (ISDN) d Provided that airbag is deactivated if child is in a rear-facing child restraint system Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 232 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by S lo ve ni an Tr a c S af et y A ge nc y. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Slovenian Trac Safety Agency Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2013-2022) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 468 439 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 183 476 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 97 418 Heavy trucks 31 374 Buses 2 690 Other 153 481 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 130 a (78% M, 22% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 134 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 6.4 a Police records. Died within 30 days of crash Slovenia Population: 2 077 862 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 21 660 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 35% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 12% Cyclists 10% Pedestrians 17% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 19% Other 5% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Source: 2016, Police database Source: Slovenian Tra c Safety Agency 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h b Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 32% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs d Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 92% Front seats e, 69% Rear seats e National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint f Child restraint required Up to 150 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Can be increased up to 70 km/h c 2016, Police records d Only children older than 12 years are allowed to ride as passengers on motorcycles e 2016, Slovenian Tra c Safety Agency f Provided that airbag is deactivated if child is in a rear-facing child restraint system Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 233 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by P ol ice Fo rc e. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Trac Unit, Ministry of Infrastructure and Development and Ministry of Police & Correctional Services Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles — Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 11 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 104 (95% CI 94 - 115) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 17.4 a Honiara Tra c Statistics 2016 Report. Died within 24 hours of crash Solomon Islands Population: 599 419 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 880 Deaths by road user category Source: Kukum Tra c Police 0 1 2 3 4 2013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes b Max urban speed limit — Max rural speed limit — Max motorway speed limit — Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants — Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes b Speed limits are established locally per vehicle type and/or per road names or areas Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 234 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Road Safety Management, Ministry of Public Works, Housing and Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Not funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads — Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2014 59 457 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 56 000 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 760 Heavy trucks — Buses — Other 2 697 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number None Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 165 b WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 884 (95% CI 3 023 - 4 745) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 27.1 b Tra c Police. Died at scene of crash Somaliaa Population: 14 317 996 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ — a The data published herein refers roughly to the following administrative subdivisions of Somalia: Awdal, Marodi Jeeh, Sanaagh, Sool, Togdheer and Woqooyi Galbeed Deaths by road user category Source: Tra c Police 0 40 80 120 160 200 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 40 km/h Max rural speed limit No Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law No Applies to drivers and passengers — Helmet fastening required — Helmet standard referred to and/or specified — Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement — Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants — Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes c Not based on BAC. Alcohol consumption legally prohibited Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 235 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by R oa d T ra c M an ag em en t C or po ra tio n. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Road Trac Management Corporation (RTMC), Department of Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2010-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles — Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 14 071 a (77% M, 23% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 14 507 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 25.9 a Road Tra c Management Corporation (RTMC), Tra c calendar report 2016. Died within 30 days of crash South Africa Population: 56 015 472 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 5 480 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 21% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 24% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers <1% Pedestrians 38% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 6% Drivers and passengers of buses 7% Cyclists 3% Other <1% Source: 2016, Road Tra c Management Corporation (RTMC), Tra c calendar report 2016 Source: Road Tra c Management Corporation (RTMC), Tra c calendar report 2016 0 7 14 21 28 35 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 58% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 33% Drivers c, 31% Front seats c National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Not restricted d Child restraint required Up to 3 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2010, National Injury Mortality Surveillance System (NIMSS) c 2010, Road Tra c Management Corporation (RTMC) Tra c Oªence Survey 2010 d Obligation to place children in the rear only applies in vehicles not fitted with seat belts and having rear seats Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 236 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Trac Police, Ministry of Interior Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2012-2016 69 647 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 32 070 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 27 250 Heavy trucks 4 830 Buses 5 497 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 130 b (53% M, 47% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 661 (95% CI 2 976 - 4 346) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 29.9 a Data available only for 2015 b Juba Teaching Hospital. Unlimited time period following crash South Sudan Population: 12 230 730 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 820 a Deaths by road user category Source: Tra c Police, Statistical yearbook for Southern Sudan 2010 and Population Projection 2015 0 4 8 12 16 20 201620152014201320122011201020092008 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit No Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law No Applies to drivers and passengers — Helmet fastening required — Helmet standard referred to and/or specified — Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement — Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants — Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes c Not based on BAC Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 237 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth , S oc ial S er vic es an d Eq ua lit y. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Directorate General for Trac, Ministry of Internal Administration Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target <3.7 deaths per 100 000 population (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 32 986 384 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 26 876 165 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 5 102 674 Heavy trucks 526 559 Buses 60 252 Other 420 734 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 810 a (77% M, 23% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 922 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 4.1 a Directorate General of Tra c. Died within 30 days of crash Spain Population: 46 347 576 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 27 520 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 32% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 14% Cyclists 4% Pedestrians 21% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 22% Drivers and passengers of buses 1% Other 2% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 3% Source: 2015, Directorate General of Tra c Source: Directorate General of Tra c 0 2 4 6 8 10 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes b Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.03 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 17% Males, 7% Females c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 7/12 yrs d Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 99% Drivers e, 93% Passengers e National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 91% Front seats e, 81% Rear seats e National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 135 cm f Child restraint required Up to 135 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 88% g National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Road authorities can decrease speed limits on both urban and rural roads. Speed limits can only be increased on urban highways c 2012, Global Status Report on Alcohol and Health 2014, WHO (percentages for females and males, respectively) d In principle, children under 12 years are not allowed to ride as passenger on motorcycles, by exception the minimum age is lowered to 7 years when the driver is one of the parents, or a person authorized by them e 2012, Directorate General of Tra c f Front seating for children under 135 cm is only allowed as an exception if there are no seats in the back or all other seats are occupied by children g 2012, Directorate General of Tra c. Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 238 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of Tr an sp or t a nd Ci vil Av iat ion . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Council for Road Safety (NCRS), Ministry of Transport and Civil Aviation Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 6 795 469 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 717 674 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 4 815 617 Heavy trucks 762 912 Buses 104 104 Other 395 162 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 3 003 a (86% M, 14% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 096 (95% CI 2 777 - 3 415) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 14.9 a Sri Lanka Police, Micro Accident Analysis System (MAAP). Died within 30 days of crash Sri Lanka Population: 20 798 492 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 780 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 2% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 5% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 51% Cyclists 8% Pedestrians 29% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Other 2% Source: 2016, Sri Lanka Police, Micro Accident Analysis System (MAAP) Source: Sri Lanka Police 0 700 1400 2100 2800 3500 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 70 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 95% All riders b National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 75% Front seats b, 75% Rear seats b National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, Sri Lanka Police, Micro Accident Analysis System (MAAP) Trends in reported road tra c deaths Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 239 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by Fe de ra l M in ist ry of H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Road Safety Coordination Council Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 20% (2017-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 252 740 a Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 935 132 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 149 778 Heavy trucks 86 430 Buses 81 400 Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 2 311 b (77% M, 23% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 10 178 (95% CI 8 635 - 11 722) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 25.7 a Data includes police, army and national security vehicles, which are not reflected in o cial records b Tra c police, Annual report for road tra c crashes 2016. Died within 7 days of crash Sudan Population: 39 578 828 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 140 Deaths by road user category Pedestrians 29% Other 71% Source: 2016, Tra c police, Annual report for road tra c crashes Source: Tra c police, Annual report for road tra c crashes 2013/2016 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol <1% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes c Not based on BAC d 2016, Tra c police, Annual report for road tra c crashes 2016 Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 240 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency No Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 228 388 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 146 110 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 43 256 Heavy trucks 34 434 Buses 3 608 Other 980 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 74 a (84% M, 16% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 81 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 14.5 a Combined sources: Tra c Police, Ministry of Justice and Police, and Emergency Medical Department Academic Hospital Paramaribo. Died within 30 days of crash Suriname Population: 558 368 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 7 070 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 22% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 12% Cyclists 4% Pedestrians 15% Other 1% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 46% Source: 2016, Tra c Police, Ministry of Justice and Police Source: Tra c Police, Ministry of Justice and Police, and General Bureau of Statistics 0 5 10 15 20 25 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 40 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 80 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 95% Drivers b, 92% Passengers b National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 75% Front seats b, 8% Rear seats b National child restraint law Yes c Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required — c Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, Tra c Police Suriname, Ministry of Justice and Police c For children under 10 years, the legislation refers to the use of child restraint system (CRS) where available and appropriate, and specifies that in the absence of child restraint, seat belts are to be used Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 241 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by S we dis h T ra ns po rt Ad m in ist ra tio n. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Swedish Transport Administration, Ministry of Enterprise and Innovation Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2007-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 6 102 914 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 5 302 808 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 375 188 Heavy trucks 81 430 Buses 13 890 Other 329 598 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 270 a (76% M, 24% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 278 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 2.8 a O cial statistics (Swedish Transport Analysis). Died within 30 days of crash Sweden Population: 9 837 533 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 54 630 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 39% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 15% Cyclists 8% Pedestrians 16% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 16% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 4% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Source: 2016, STRADA (Swedish Tra c Accident Data Acquisition), Swedish Transport Agency Source: O cial statistics (Swedish Transport Analysis) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.02 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 24% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 97-99% All Riders c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 96% Front seats d, 90% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint e Child restraint required Up to 135 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 96% f National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use No Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, In-depth studies of fatal crashes, Swedish Transport Administration c 2016, Travel survey (VTI) d 2016, Swedish Transport Administration, Analysis of road safety development 2016 e Provided that airbag is deactivated if child is in a rear-facing child restraint system f 2013, The Sweden National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI), The use of seat belts in Sweden 2013. Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 242 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by Fe de ra l D ep ar tm en t o f t he En vir on m en t, Tra ns po rt, En er gy an d Co m m un ica tio ns . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Federal Roads Oce (FEDRO) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 5 980 512 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 4 927 655 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 720 381 Heavy trucks 53 094 Buses 14 742 Other 264 640 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 216 a (70% M, 30% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 223 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 2.7 a Federal Roads O ce. Died within 30 days of crash Switzerland Population: 8 401 739 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 81 240 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 26% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 8% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 23% Cyclists 15% Pedestrians 23% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks <1% Other 4% Source: 2016, Federal Roads O ce Source: Swiss Federal Statistical O ce 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.01 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 13% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 100% Drivers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 94% Front seats c, 86% Rear seats c National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required Up to 12 yrs/150 cm d Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 93% e National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, Federal Roads O ce c 2016, Swiss Council for Accident Prevention (BFU) d Children under 12 years and less than 150 cm shall be placed in a child restraint e 2012, Swiss Council for Accident Prevention (BFU) Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 243 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Committee for Road Safety Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 2 396 544 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 811 359 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 466 205 Heavy trucks 41 647 Buses 77 333 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 714 b (86% M, 14% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 4 890 (95% CI 4 009 - 5 772) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 26.5 a Data available only for 2007 b Ministry of Interior, Tra c Department. Died within 30 days of crash Syrian Arab Republic Population: 18 430 452 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 840 a Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 9% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 10% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 6% Pedestrians 65% Drivers and passengers of buses 1% Other 3% Cyclists 6% Source: 2016, Ministry of Interior, Tra c Department Source: Ministry of Interior, Tra c Department 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit — Max rural speed limit — Max motorway speed limit — Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers No Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 90% Drivers d, 90% Front seats d National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law No c The law refers to regulations to set BAC limit, regulations not available d 2016, Ministry of Interior, Tra c Department Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 244 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth an d So cia l P ro te ct ion . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Department of the State Automobile Inspection, Ministry of Internal A®airs Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 439 972 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 380 496 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 4 546 Heavy trucks 39 261 Buses 15 669 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 427 a (72% M, 28% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 577 (95% CI 1 449 - 1 704) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 18.1 a Department of the State Automobile Inspection, Ministry of Internal Aªairs. Died within 7 days of crash Tajikistan Population: 8 734 951 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 110 Deaths by road user category Drivers of all vehicles 22% Passengers of all vehicles 36% Pedestrians 40% Cyclists 2% Source: Department of the State Automobile Inspection, Ministry of Internal Aªairs. 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — b BAC limit – young or novice drivers — b Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 4% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint d Child restraint required — e Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Not based on BAC c 2016, Department of the State Automobile Inspection, Ministry of Internal Aªairs. d Front seating of children under 12 years allowed if a child restraint is being used e Legislation refers to child restraints or “other means” to secure children under 12 years but allows the transport of children under 12 years on the knees of an adult passenger seated in the back with the seat belt fastened Trends in reported road tra c deaths Source: 2016, Department of the State Automobile Inspection, Ministry of Internal Aªairs De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 245 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of P ub lic H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Ministry of Interior Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target ≤ 10 deaths per 100 000 population (2010-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 31 Dec 2016 37 338 139 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 15 003 774 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 20 497 296 Heavy trucks 1 055 717 Buses 157 799 Other 623 553 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No a Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 21 745 b (79% M, 21% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 22 491 (95% CI 20 265 - 24 717) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 32.7 a Thailand launched an ECO-CAR program with tax incentives to cars with ESC but is not mandatory for all cars b Data Integration: (1) Death registration validated with Medical Certification of Cause of Death from hospitals; (2) Royal Thai Police; (3) Road Accident Victims Protection Company Limited. Unlimited time period following crash Thailand Population: 68 863 512 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 5 640 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 6% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 6% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 74% Cyclists 3% Pedestrians 8% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks <1% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 1% Source: 2016, Injury surveillance system, Bureau of Epidemiology, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health Source: Data Integration: (1) Death registration validated with Medical Certification of Cause of Death from hospitals; (2) Royal Thai Police; (3) Road Accident Victims Protection Company Limited 0 8 16 24 32 40 201620152014201320122011 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 80 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 14% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 51% Drivers e, 20% Passengers e National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 58% Drivers f, 40% Front seats f National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers d 2016, Injury Surveillance System across 33 hospital sentinel sites e 2015, Survey of ThaiRoads Foundation f 2011, Survey of ThaiRoads Foundation Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 246 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Republic Council on Road Trac Safety and Coordination Body of the Government of Republic of Macedonia Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target Reduction of fatalities to EU average, reduction of young driver victims by 30%, and zero child victims (2015 - 2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 442 962 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 383 833 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 10 050 Heavy trucks 45 836 Buses 3 243 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 148 a (80% M, 20% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 134 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 6.4 a Ministry of Interior and State Statistical O ce. Died within 30 days of crash The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Population: 2 081 206 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 4 980 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 26% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 20% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 9% Cyclists 6% Pedestrians 33% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 3% Other 2% Source: 2015, Ministry of Interior and State Statistical O ce Source: State Statistical O ce and Ministry of Interior 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h b Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.01 g/dl c Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 1% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 20% Front seats e, 3% Rear seats e National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs f Child restraint required Up to 5 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Can be increased up to 70 km/h c In the law ≤ 0.009 g/dl d 2015, State Statistical O ce and Ministry of Interior e 2015, Survey conducted by the Department for tra c and transport f Except for children under 2 years in a rear-facing child restraint if airbag is deactivated Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 247 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Directorate of Transport, Ministry of Interior Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for December 2016 146 596 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 24 438 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 108 409 Heavy trucks 1 120 Buses 207 Other 12 422 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 71 b WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 161 (95% CI 138 - 184) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 12.7 a Data available only for 2015 b National Police Timor-Leste (PNTL), National Transit Department. Died within 24 hours of crash Timor-Leste Population: 1 268 671 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 180 a Deaths by road user category DATA NOT AVA I LABLE Source: National Police Timor-Leste (PNTL), National Transit Department (death data), Census 2010 (population data) 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs c Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes c Unless the vehicle does not have a back seat and such transportation is carried out by using an approved child restraint, appropriate to the child's size and weight Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 248 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of S ec ur ity an d Civ il Pr ot ec tio n. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Oce of Road Safety (ONSR), Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport (MIT) Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 64 118 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 17 000 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 45 341 Heavy trucks 791 Buses 62 Other 924 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 514 a (50% M, 22% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 2 224 (95% CI 1 800 - 2 649) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 29.2 a Police and Ministry of Security and Civil Protection (MSPC). Died within 30 days of crash Togo Population: 7 606 374 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 540 Deaths by road user category Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 11% Occupants of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 17% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 72% Source: 2016, Ministry of Security and Civil Protection (MSPC), 2008-2016 Annual Report Source: Ministry of Security and Civil Protection (MSPC), 2008-2016 Annual Reports (death data), National Institute of Statistics and Economic and Demographic Studies (population data) 0 3 6 9 12 15 201620152014201320122011201020092008 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law No Max urban speed limit — Max rural speed limit — Max motorway speed limit — Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement — Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes b Not based on BAC Trends in reported road tra c deaths National Oce of Road Safety (ONSR), Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport (MIT) De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 249 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Police (Department of Trac) and Ministry of Infrastructure Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% reduction in rate per 100 000 population (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2012 8 154 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 6 039 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 184 Heavy trucks 1 882 Buses 49 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 18 a (89% M, 11% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 18 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 16.8 a Road Tra c Accident Registry. Died within 24 hours of crash Tonga Population: 107 122 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 4 020 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 33% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 33% Pedestrians 28% Other 6% Source: 2016, Road Tra c Accident Registry, Ministry of Police Source: Road Tra c Accident Registry, Ministry of Police 0 4 8 12 16 20 201620152014201320122011201020092008 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 70 km/h Max motorway speed limit 70 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.03 g/dl b BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.03 g/dl b Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 77% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants — Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law No b Law based on breath alcohol concentration, values converted to BAC c 2016, Audit on Major Trauma for the year 2016, Emergency Department, Ministry of Health Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 250 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Council, Ministry of Works and Transport Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads — Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 1996-2015 831 803 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 378 584 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 4 736 Heavy trucks 96 612 Buses 431 Other 351 440 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 135 a (76% M, 24% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 165 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 12.1 a Trinidad and Tobago Police Service. Died within a year of crash Trinidad and Tobago Population: 1 364 962 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 15 680 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 29% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 29%Cyclists <1% Pedestrians 31% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 4% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 4% Source: 2016, Trinidad and Tobago Police Service Source: Trinidad and Tobago Police Service 0 5 10 15 20 25 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 5 yrs Child restraint required Up to 5 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 251 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Observatory for Information, Training, Documentation and Studies on Road Safety, Ministry of Interior Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads — Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 2 015 601 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 718 175 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 16 306 Heavy trucks 260 369 Buses 20 751 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 443 a (88% M, 12% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 2 595 (95% CI 2 321 - 2 869) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 22.8 a National Tra c Safety Observatory in coordination with the Guard and Tra c Police Departments. Died within 30 days of crash Tunisia Population: 11 403 248 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 690 Deaths by road user category Drivers of all vehicles 25% Passengers of all vehicles 24% Pedestrians 25% Other <1% Cyclist 2% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 23% Source: National Tra c Safety Observatory in coordination with the Guard and Tra c Police Departments 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.03 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 2% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 6 yrs c Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, National Tra c Safety Observatory in coordination with the Guard and Tra c Police Departments c The ban includes children aged 6 years Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 252 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Higher Board of Road Safety, Ministry of Interior Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 21 090 424 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 17 040 996 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 3 003 733 Heavy trucks 825 334 Buses 220 361 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 7 300 a (78% M, 22% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 9 782 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 12.3 a Directorate General For Security. Died within 30 days of crash Turkey Population: 79 512 424 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 11 180 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 22% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 15% Pedestrians 23% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 4% Drivers and passengers of buses 1% Other 33% Cyclists 2% Source: 2016, Accident Reporting Database Source: Directorate General for Security 0 2 4 6 8 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h b Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h b Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 3% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 75% All riders d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 50% Drivers e, 41% Front seats e National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint f Child restraint required Up to 36 kg/135 cm g Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes b Ministry of Interior can increase speed limits by 20 km/h for automobiles c 2012, Turkish National Police d 2016, Directorate General for Security e 2013, 2016 - Turkey Analysis: Follow-up study on driver and front seat-belt use f Provided that airbag is deactivated for children travelling in a rear-facing restraint g Child restraints are required for children under 150cm, by exception children of height 135-150 cm can be restrained by a seat belt only if they sit in the back Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 253 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth an d Me dic al In du st ry. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Health and Medical Industry of Turkmenistan Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles — Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 543 a (66% M, 34% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 823 (95% CI 765 - 880) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 14.5 a Statistical report of the State Committee on Statistics. Died within 7 days of crash Turkmenistan Population: 5 662 544 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 6 670 Deaths by road user category 0 200 400 600 800 1000 201320122011201020092008 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint b Child restraint required — c Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law No b Law does not specifically refer to child restraint system but to "special seating equipment" for children under 12 years c Special seating equipment for children under 12 years is mentioned only in relation with front seating Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 254 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Council (NRSC), Ministry of Works and Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2014-2022) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 594 962 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 946 096 Heavy trucks — Buses 3 335 Other 645 531 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 3 503 a (78% M, 22% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 12 036 (95% CI 9 454 - 14 618) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 29 a Police Annual Tra c Report. Died within a year of crash Uganda Population: 41 487 964 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 660 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 5% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 17% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 33% Cyclists 6% Pedestrians 40% Source: 2016, Police Annual Tra c Report Source: Police Annual Tra c Reports and Uganda Bureau of Statistics 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 201620152014201320122011201020092008 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol <1% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 49% Drivers d, 1% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers or commission of a tra c oªence c 2016, Police Annual Tra c Report d 2013, Uganda Helmet Vaccine Initiative 2013 Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 255 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency No Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2014 14 433 709 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 9 162 795 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 725 447 Heavy trucks 2 063 276 Buses 324 151 Other 1 158 040 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 4 687 a (76% M, 24% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 6 089 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 13.7 a State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Unlimited time period following crash Ukraine Population: 44 438 624 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 310 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 16% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 18% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 9% Pedestrians 42% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 1% Cyclists 7% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 7% Source: 2016, State Statistics Service of Ukraine Source: State Statistics Service of Ukraine 0 5 10 15 20 25 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.02 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 7% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs/145 cm Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes c Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint d Child restraint required — c Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, State Statistics Service of Ukraine c The legislation refers to the use of "special means" to be used in conjunction with the seat belt to restrain children under 12 years and 145 cm d No specific reference to child restraint but to "special means" for children under 145 cm and 12 years sitting in the front Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 256 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth an d Pr ev en tio n. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Trac Coordination Department, Ministry of Interior Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 3 deaths per 100 000 population (2011-2021) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 3 391 125 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 2 996 338 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 54 581 Heavy trucks 237 427 Buses 102 779 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 725 a (88% M, 12% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 678 (95% CI 1 435 - 1 921) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 18.1 a Ministry of Interior (MOI). Died within 30 days of crash United Arab Emirates Population: 9 269 612 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 40 480 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 30% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 24% Cyclists 2% Pedestrians 24% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 8% Drivers and passengers of buses 6% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 6% Source: 2016, Ministry of Interior Source: Ministry of Interior 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit — b Max rural speed limit — b Max motorway speed limit — b Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.01 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.01 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 2% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs / 145 cm Child restraint required Up to 4 yrs e Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Speed limits are established at subnational level per streets' names c Alcohol consumption legally prohibited d 2016, Ministry of Interior (MOI) e Child restraints are required for children aged 4 years and below Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 257 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by D ep ar tm en t f or Tr an sp or t. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Department for Transport (Great Britain); Transport - Policy, Planning and Partnership Division (Wales); Transport Scotland (Scotland); Department for Infrastructure (Northern Ireland) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 40-60% a SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 38 388 214 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 35 681 940 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 270 216 Heavy trucks 517 144 Buses 167 056 Other 751 858 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 1 804 b (76% M, 24% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 2 019 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 3.1 a Wales 40%; Scotland 40%; NI at least 60% (2004-2008 average to 2020) b Department for Transport, Road accidents and safety statistics (Great Britain), Police Recorded Injury Road Tra c Collision Statistics (Northern Ireland). Defined as died within 30 days of crash. United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Population: 65 788 572 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 42 390 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 33% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 14% Cyclists 6% Pedestrians 24% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 20% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 2% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Source: 2015, Department for Transport, Road accidents and safety statistics (Great Britain), Police Recorded Injury Road Tra c Collision Statistics (Northern Ireland) Source: Department for Transport, Road accidents and safety statistics (Great Britain), Police Recorded Injury Road Tra c Collision Statistics (Northern Ireland) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit ~ 48 km/h Max rural speed limit ~ 96 km/h Max motorway speed limit ~ 112 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl c BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl c Random breath testing carried out Yes d Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 13% (GB), 23% (NI) e National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 95% (England and Scotland), 98% (NI) Front seats f, 90% (England and Scotland), 94% (NI) Rear seats f National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required Up to 12 yrs/135 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 95% (NI) g National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes c In Scotland legal BAC limit is ≤ 0.05g/dl d Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers e 2014, Police Services of Northern Island statistics (NI); Department for Transport Statistical Release 2016 (GB) f 2014, Seatbelt and mobile phone use surveys 2014 (England and Scotland); Survey of Seat Belt Wearing 2014 (NI) g 2014, Northern Ireland Survey of Seat Belt Wearing (figure for all ages and for children seated in the back) Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 258 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H om e A ªa irs . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Council (NRSC), Ministry of Home A®airs Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 2 163 623 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 649 127 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 282 503 Heavy trucks 99 428 Buses 58 247 Other 74 318 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number None Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 3 256 a (79% M, 21% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 16 252 (95% CI 13 130 - 19 374) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 29.2 a Tra c Police. Died within 30 days of crash United Republic of Tanzania Population: 55 572 200 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 900 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 8% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 30% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 23% Cyclists 8% Pedestrians 30% Other <1% Source: 2016, Tra c Police Source: Tra c Police 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit No Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol <1% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers No Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers or commission of a tra c oªence c 2016, Tra c Police Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 259 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by D ep ar tm en t o f H ea lth an d Hu m an S er vic es . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Highway Trac Safety Administration (NHTSA), Department of Transportation Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 1.02 per 100 million miles traveled (VMT) (2018) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads — Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 281 312 446 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 260 619 419 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 8 600 936 Heavy trucks 11 203 184 Buses 888 907 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 35 092 a (71% M, 29% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 39 888 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 12.4 * These data take into consideration subnational laws. A criteria is answered "Yes" if at least 80% of the subnational entities meet the criteria a Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) Annual Report File. Died within 30 days of crash b Over 90% of the states provide a BAC limit equal or under 0.02 g/dl for young-novice drivers c 2015, National Center for Statistics and Analysis. (2016, December). Alcohol-impaired driving: 2015 data (Tra c Safety Facts. DOT HS 812 350). Washington, DC: National Highway Tra c Safety Administration. d About 40 % of the states require helmets for both drivers and passengers on motorcycles e Less than 10% of the states prohibit that children ride as passengers on motorcycles f 2016, Motorcycle helmet use in 2016 – Overall results. (Tra c Safety Facts Research Note. Report No. DOT HS 812 378), National Highway Tra c Safety Administration. g About 40% of the states do not require seat belt for rear seats passengers h 2016, Seat Belt Use. Overall Results (Tra c Safety Facts Research Note. Report No. DOT HS 812 351), National Highway Tra c Safety Administration. United States of America Population: 322 179 616 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 56 180 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 47% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 17% Cyclist 2% Pedestrians 15% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 14% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 2%Drivers and passengersof heavy trucks 2% Source: 2015, Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) Annual Report File Source: 2006-2010 Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) Annual Final File, and 2015 Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) Annual Report File 0 4 8 12 16 20 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS * National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit ~ 32 - 128 km/h Max rural speed limit ~ 40 - 128 km/h Max motorway speed limit ~ 40 - 128 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement — Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00-0.08 g/dl b Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement — % road trac deaths involving alcohol 29% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers No d Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted e Enforcement — Helmet wearing rate 68% Drivers f, 53% Passengers f National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No g Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate 90% Front seats h, 75% Rear seats i National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required — j Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement — % children using child restraints 89% k National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use No l Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes i 2015, Occupant restraint use in 2015: Results from the NOPUS controlled intersection study (Report No. DOT HS 812 330), National Highway Tra c Safety Administration. j Child restraint laws are enacted at subnational level. While all states require the use of child restraints, they provide diªerent age /weight/ height criteria to specify the period for mandatory use of child restraints / booster seats k 2016, the 2015 National Survey of the Use of Booster Seats (NSUBS) (Report No. DOT HS 812 309). Washington, DC: National Highway Tra c Safety Administration. l The majority of states prohibit texting while driving Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 260 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by N at ion al R oa d Sa fe ty U ni t ( UN AS EV ). INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Unit (UNASEV) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 2 342 026 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 008 974 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 252 031 Heavy trucks 71 355 Buses 9 666 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 446 a (75% M, 25% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 460 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 13.4 a National Tra c Information System (SINATRAN). Died within 30 days of crash Uruguay Population: 3 444 006 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 15 230 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 17% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 14% Cyclists 7% Pedestrians 17% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 46% Source: 2016, National Tra c Information System (SINATRAN) Source: National Tra c Information System (SINATRAN) 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 45 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 90 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population 0.00 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited b Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 80% Drivers c, 71% Passengers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 63% Front seats d, 33% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs/150 cm Child restraint required Up to 12 yrs/36 kg/150 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 23% d National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Until footrests can be reached c 2016, National Tra c Information System (SINATRAN) d 2016, Observational behavior study in road safety, Uruguay Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 261 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by R ep ub lic an sp ec ial ize d sc ien tifi c- pr ac tic al m ed ica l c en te r o f t ra um at ol og y a nd or th op ed ics . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency State Service on Trac Safety, Ministry of Internal A®airs of Republic of Uzbekistan Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles — Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry — Formal certification for prehospital providers — National assessment of emergency care systems — DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 2 496 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 617 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 11.5 a State service on Tra c Safety, Ministry of Internal Aªairs of Republic of Uzbekistan. Died within 30 days of crash Uzbekistan Population: 31 446 796 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 220 Deaths by road user category Source: Statistics of State Service on Tra c Safety, Ministry of Internal Aªairs of Republic of Uzbekistan 0 600 1200 1800 2400 3000 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 70 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash — Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 4% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes b Not based on BAC c 2016, Statistics of State Road Safety Service Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 262 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by th e M in ist ry of H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Vanuatu Police Force, Ministry of Internal A®airs Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles — Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 9 b (67% M, 33% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 43 (95% CI 39 - 48) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 15.9 a Data available only for 2014 b Vanuatu Police (manual records). Died at scene of crash Vanuatu Population: 270 402 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 170 a Deaths by road user category Source: 2013, GSRRS3 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law No Max urban speed limit — Max rural speed limit — Max motorway speed limit — Local authorities can modify limits — Enforcement — Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 67% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 90% Drivers e, 90% Passengers e National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 20% Front seats e, 10% Rear seats e National child restraint law No f Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint g Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes c Not based on BAC d 2016, Vanuatu Police, Tra c occurrence book e 2016, Vanuatu Police Force f Legislation allows that infants (defined as children under 3 years) be held by a responsible person as an alternative to using special seats g Infant (defined as children under 3 years) shall be placed in a restraining seat while travelling in the front Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 263 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of M in ist ry of P op ul ar P ow er fo r H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Institute of Land Transport, Ministry of People's Power for Land Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads — Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 7 999 760 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 4 558 246 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 263 506 Heavy trucks 1 818 649 Buses 336 846 Other 22 513 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2013) 7 028 b (83% M, 17% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 10 640 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 33.7 a Data available only for 2013 b 2013 Yearbook Mortality, Ministry of the Popular Power for Health. Died within 30 days of crash Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Population: 31 568 180 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 11 760 a Deaths by road user category Source: 2013 Yearbook Mortality, Ministry of the Popular Power for Health 0 6 12 18 24 30 2013201220112010200920082007200620052004 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law No Max urban speed limit — Max rural speed limit — Max motorway speed limit — Local authorities can modify limits — Enforcement — Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 10 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes d Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required — d Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes c Not based on BAC d The law requires "infants" to use "special seats for that purpose" but does not specify the age for children falling into the "infants" category Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 264 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by th e M in ist ry of Tr an sp or t. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Trac Safety Committee (NTSC) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 5-10% annually (2012- 2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 50 666 855 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 3 033 527 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 47 131 928 Heavy trucks — Buses — Other 501 400 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 8 417 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 24 970 (95% CI 21 576 - 28 363) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 26.4 a Report of Road Safety Performance Review of Viet Nam, The United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia (UNESCAP) and the Pacific and Ministry of Transport of Viet Nam (MOT). Died within 7 days of crash Viet Nam Population: 94 569 072 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 050 Deaths by road user category Source: Report of Road Safety Performance Review of Viet Nam, The United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia (UNESCAP) and the Pacific and Ministry of Transport of Viet Nam (MOT) 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population 0.00 - 0.05 g/dl b BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 - 0.05 g/dl b Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 81% Drivers c, 60% Passengers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Diªerent BAC limits are set depending on the type of vehicle used: for drivers of cars the BAC limit is set at 0.00g/dl while for drivers of motorcycles and mopeds the legal BAC limit is set at 0.05g/dl c 2013, Helmet observation in Ha Noi, BacNinh, Quang Ninh, Da Nang, Vinh Phuc, and Ho Chi Minh city Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 265 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Higher Trac Council Funded in budget Yes Road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 268 365 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 213 375 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 670 Heavy trucks 22 277 Buses 2 225 Other 28 818 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE Emergency care access number Single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 159 a (77% M, 23% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 252 (95% CI 189 - 333) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 5.3 a Police / Tra c Department, Annual Police Report. Died within 30 days of crash West Bank and Gaza Strip Population: 4 790 705 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 230 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 24% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 28% Cyclists 2% Pedestrians 33% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 3% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 3% Other 8% Source: 2016, Police / Tra c Department, Annual Police Report Source: Palestinian Statistics Authority and Police Department 0 2 4 6 8 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS Speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual Drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — Motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — Seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — Child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required Up to 14 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes c Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — Law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No Drug-driving law Yes b Not based on BAC c Law refers to a device of the type validated by the licensing authority to restrain children under 14 years Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 266 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth an d Ch ild Ca re . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Trac Safety Council of Zimbabwe, Ministry of Transport and Infrastructural Development Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for June 2017 1 198 584 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 953 852 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 46 734 Heavy trucks 123 706 Buses 15 007 Other 59 285 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 721 a (56% M, 44% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 5 601 (95% CI 4 602 - 6 599) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 34.7 a Zimbabwe Republic Police. Died within 30 days of crash Zimbabwe Population: 16 150 362 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 940 Trends in reported road tra c deathsDeaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 12% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 14% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 10% Pedestrians 14% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 18% Drivers and passengers of buses 19% Cyclists 12% Source: 2016, Zimbabwe Republic Police Source: Zimbabwe Republic Police 0 5 10 15 20 25 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h b Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b A 120 km/h speed limits applies on roads having a bituminous surface coat of 6 metres or more in width De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 267
SECTION 3 EXPLANATORY NOTES AND STATISTICAL ANNEX EXPLANATORY NOTE 1 METHODOLOGY, DATA COLLECTION, VALIDATION AND ANALYSIS Explanatory Note 1GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 271 Methodology The methodology involved collecting data from a number of different sectors and stakeholders in each country according to the following process. National Data Coordinators (NDCs), who were nominated by their governments, were trained in the project methodology. As representatives of their governments, they were required to identify up to eight other road safety experts within their countries from different sectors (e.g. health, police, transport, nongovernmental organizations and/or academia), to facilitate a consensus meeting with the respondents as well as to support the overall management of data collection process. While each expert responded to the questionnaire based on their expertise, the consensus meeting allowed for discussion of all responses, and the group uUedthiUdiUcuUUiontoaIreeononefinalUetofinforOationthatDeUtrepreUentedtheircountryŨUUituation at the time (up to 2017, using the most recent data available). This was then submitted to the World Health Organization (WHO) (see Figure E1). Figure E1: Methodology Global and regional level coordination National data coordinators Data from publicly accessible databases Legislative data NDC submits legislative document on 7 risk factors Legislative analysis carried out by WHO Headquarters National consensus meeting Global NCAP From the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) Global Health Estimates UN population division World Bank database iRAP One national dataset 1fficialclearance of questionnaire by relevant sector Validation of legislative analysis by NDC Questionnaire data Vehicle standards data Global databases Group of +/-8 respondents from different sectors (e.g. health, police, transport, NGOs or academia) 272 National Data Coordinators were asked to submit laws relating to the key behavioural risk factors1. All legislative documents were analysed by lawyers at WHO headquarters who extracted the relevant information needed to assess legislation against predetermined criteria. The legal analysis was then shared with National Data Coordinators and a validation process was undertaken to resolve any data conflicts through discussion and/or submission of new legal documents. A new addition to this report is the comparison of legislation status between December 2014 and December 2017 which gives an indication of the pace and nature of legislative changes for the behavioural risk factors reviewed. To ensure the accuracy of the comparison made, the situation at December 2014 was re-evaluated against relevant additional information and documents received in the GSRRS4 data collection process using harmonized interpretation methods. Changes in the legal data published in last report are detailed in the revision guide available at http://www. who.int/violence_injury_prevention/road_safety_status/2018/en. The methodology used to collect information on vehicle standards was also consistent with the previous report and based on information from the UN World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations2 and interpreted with technical support from Global New Car Assessment Programme (Global NCAP).3 The report includes data from 175 countries/areas out of a total of 195, covering 7.3 billion people (98.1% oftheworldŨUpopulation .6hiUincludeUhiIhincoOecountrieUOiddleincoOecountrieUandǡlow incoOecountrieU Uee6aDle' .&ataonleIiUlationandpolicieUrepreUentthecountryŨUUituationaUof ǡ&eceODerwhiledataonfatalitieUandvehiclereIiUtrationareforortheOoUtrecentyear for which these data were available. Table E1: Participation in the Global status report on road safety 2018 Region Number of participating countries Number of countries in region % population participating African Region 44 47 93.7 Region of the Americas 30 35 98.2 Eastern Mediterranean Region 19 22 95.5 European Region 51 53 99.9 South-East Asian Region 10 11 98.7 9eUtern2acific4eIion 21 27 99.9 WORLD 175 195 98.1 1 These behavioural risk factors are speed, drink-driving, drug-driving, the use of mobile phones while driving, failure to use motorcycle helmets, seat-belts and child restraints 2 The UN World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations (World Forum the global body responsible for the development of passenger car safety standards), http://www.unece.org/trans/main/wp29/introduction.html 3 Global NCAP is a British organization that conducts testing programmes that will assess the safety of motor vehicles, http://www.globalncap.org/ 273 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Explanatory Note 1 Data collection and validation Questionnaire data The questionnaire used for this report was based on the questionnaire used in the previous report. However, some questions were modified to improve the quality of responses and some were added or deleted. The questionnaire can be downloaded with an accompanying instruction booklet on http://www.who.int/ violence_injury_prevention/road_safety_status/2018/methodology/en/. The questionnaire, protocol and accompanying guidelines and training materials were all available in the six WHO languages (Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish). Where needed, NDCs coordinated the translation of these documents into local languages and then translated back into English for the data entry stage. All data were entered into an on-line database from where data could be extracted for analysis. Data collection began in May 2016 and was completed by December 2017. Data validation involved verifying the data against source documents where available and checking for logical inconsistencies. Discrepancies were referred back to the National Data Coordinators where possible for resolution. Following the validation process, the questionnaire data was submitted by the National Data Coordinator to an online database. Final questionnaires were generated from the online data and were sent to respective governments for review and sign-off. Fatality data Estimates on number of road traffic deaths relied in part on data from questionnaires as well as from other sources (see Explanatory Note 3). However, countries/areas were also asked to provide a breakdown of deaths by road user type. These proportions (where available) are reflected in the country profiles (see Explanatory Note 2) and were derived from: ´ Country reported data in the current questionnaire; ´ If not available from questionnaires, data that countries reported for the previous reports were used. These values were then aggregated into regional and global estimates of deaths by road user type. 274 Legislative data and maps 6hiUreportcollectedinforOationonanuODerofvariaDleUrelatinItoleIiUlationonthefiveMeyDehavioural risk factors (speed, drink-driving, failure to use helmets, seat-belts and child restraints) as well as on two emerging risk factors, drug-driving and the use of mobile phones while driving. Criteria analysed for each risk factor are detailed in Table E2 while the interpretation methods for each risk factoraredetailedin'Zplanatory0oteonthecountryprofileU. The information collected was presented in various ways including: ´ %ountryprofileUrepreUentinIaUuOOaryofinforOationforeachcountry ´ Statistical annex, representing the full data set for each country; ´ Legislative maps, showing an overview of the situation worldwide for each risk factor. In order to code the countries for the legislative maps, three categories were used: ´ Countries4 whose national laws meet all the criteria for best practice: shown in green – criteria considered as representing best practices in light of available evidence5 are highlighted, for each risk factor, in green in Table E2; ´ Countries4 whose national laws are encouraging but where additional efforts are needed for best practice to be met: shown in yellow; ´ Countries4 whose national laws require strong steps to be taken in order to improve their legislation: shown in red. 4 Or, in countries where laws are set at subnational level, where 80% of subnational entities meet selected criteria, except for The Federated States of Micronesia where the threshold was set at 75% as there are 4 subnational entities 2eden/etal.editorU.9orldreportonroadtrafficinjuryprevention.)eneva9orld*ealth1rIani\ation 275 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Explanatory Note 1 Vehicle standard data Data on vehicle standards were collected using information from the UN World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations, the primary global body responsible for the development of passenger car safety. Technical support on analysing and interpreting this data was provided by Global NCAP7. Note that while these data are based on international regulations, in some countries where national regulations are considered to be equivalent to the UN standards (US, Canada, Republic of Korea, China, India, Brazil) these data are used instead. The data collected were based on the following eight variables: ´ Frontal impact: UN regulation 94. Note that US regulation 208 is considered equivalent. ´ Side impact: UN regulation 95. Note that US regulation 214 is considered equivalent. ´ 'lectronic5taDility%ontrol:70reIulation*.0otethat75reIulation(/855iUconUideredeSuivalent. ´ Pedestrian protection: UN Regulation 127 ´ 5eatDeltU:70reIulation.0otethat75reIulation(/855iUconUideredeSuivalent. ´ Seat-belt anchorages: UN regulation 14. Note that US regulation FMVSS 210 is considered equivalent. ´ Child restraints: UN regulations 44 and 129. Note that US regulation FMVSS213 is considered equivalent. ´ Motorcycle anti-lock braking system UN Regulation 78. More information on each of these regulations is included in Section 3. Data on the three variables considered to be particularly important among these seven (frontal impact, electronic stability control and pedestrian protection areincludedinthecountryprofileU.6hereOaininIvariaDleUareUhowninthe6aDle#ofthe statistical annex. *oUtedDythe7nited0ationU'conoOic%oOOiUUionfor'urope 70'%' the709orld(oruOfor*arOoni\ationof8ehicle4eIulationU 9orld(oruOthe global body responsible for the development of passenger car safety standards). http://www.unece.org/trans/main/wp29/introduction.html 7 Global New Car Assessment Programme (Global NCAP) is a British organization that conducts testing programmes that will assess the safety of motor vehicles. http://www.globalncap.org/ 276 Table E2: Legislative criteria assessed relating to seven behavioural risk factors Risk factors Legislative criteria assessed Speed National speed law in place Speed limits on urban roads ≤ 50 km/h Local authorities have the power to modify national speed limits Speed limit on rural roads Speed limits on motorways Drink-driving National drink-driving law in place Drink-driving law is based on BAC or equivalent BrAC BAC limit for general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit for young/ novice drivers ≤ 0.02 g/dl BAC limit for commercial/ professional drivers Motorcycle helmets National motorcycle helmet law in place Law applies to motorcycle drivers and adult passengers Law applies to all road types Law applies to all engine types Law requires helmet to be properly fastened Law refers to and/or specifies a helmet standard Law restricts child passengers on motorcycles Seat-belts National seat-belt law in place Law applies to drivers and front seat passengers Law applies to rear seat passengers Child restraints National child restraint law in place Law requires child restraint use at least until 10 yrs /135cm Law refers to and/or specifies a child restraint standard Law restricts children under a certain age or height from sitting in front seat Drug-driving National Drug-driving law in place Mobile phones National law on mobile phone while driving is in place Law applies to hand-held phones Law applies to hands-free phones Risk factors Criteria representing best practices Additional criteria presented in the country profile and/or the statistical annex
EXPLANATORY NOTE 2 COUNTRY PROFILES Explanatory Note 2GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 279 6hecountryprofileUUhownonpaIeUpreUentaUelectionofcoreinforOationaDoutroadUafety aUreportedDyeachoftheparticipatinIcountrieU/areaU.6hecountryprofileUarepreUentedinalphaDetical order. Additional national data can also be found in the Tables of the Statistical Annexes (Tables A2–A12). Data reported for population were extracted from the United Nations Population Division database8ǡ while IroUUnationalincoOe )0+ percapitafortheyearcaOefroO9orld$anMeUtiOateU9ǡ .9hereno datawereavailaDleforpuDliUheddataforthelateUtyearwereuUed.6he9orld$anM#tlaUOethod was used to categorize GNI into bands thus: ´ .owincoOe 75ǡorleUU ´ /iddleincoOe 75ǡto75ǡ ´ *iIhincoOe 75ǡorOore Flags were obtained from the World Flag Database10. Flags and country names were the latest available atthetiOeoffinali\inIthereport 5epteODer . 6heUectionUDelowreflectthewayinforOationiUUtructuredineachofthe%ountry2rofileU.6heyinclude details on how data on certain variables are presented and should be interpreted. Variables were coded aUūťŬiftheinforOationwaUunavailaDleornonapplicaDleorifreUpondentUhadticMedaū&onŨtMnowŬ response. Dates provided for data sources refer to the year in which these data were published, rather than the year that the data relate to, unless indicated otherwise. Data collected by questionnaire were submitted through a consensus meeting (unless otherwise indicated). 'achcountryprofileindicateUthe/iniUtrythatapprovedthiUSueUtionnairedata unleUUotherwiUeindicated . &ataonleIiUlationwereDaUedon9*1ŨUaUUeUUOentandeZtenUivevalidationofthiUinforOationwith 0ational&ata%oordinatorUalthouIhitwaUnotofficiallyclearedDytheIovernOent/iniUtry. 8 Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat (June 2017). World population Prospects: The 2017 Revision, Highlights. New York: United Nations 9 World Development Indicators database, World Bank, November 2017 http://databank.worldbank.org/data/download/site-content/CLASS.xls 10 http://www.flags.net 280 Institutional framework A lead agency is considered to be the institution (either stand alone, or within a Ministry) that coordinates road safety at a national level. Information on the existence of a national road safety strategy is indicated as “Yes” or “No”. Where countries have multiple national strategies on road safety this is always represented as “Yes”. Where countries indicated they have a fatality reduction target, information on this target is included as well as the relevant time period. Specific fatality targets are indicated either as absolute numbers of deaths, or as a rate per 100 000 population or per vehicle registered, depending on availability. Safer roads and mobility ´ Information on audits or star rating of new road infrastructure projects is reported as “Yes”, “No”, or Partial. ´ Information on inspections/star ratings of existing road infrastructure projects is reported as “Yes” or “No”. Yes responses where those where respondents answered Yes for existence of formal road safety inspections and/or existence of star rating assessments. Those countries for which respondents answered Yes only for existence of maintenance safety inspections are reported as No. ´ Design standards for the safety of pedestrians and cyclists is reported as “Yes”, “No”, or “Partial”. “Yes” responses included the provision of the following: Managing speed to safe system outcomes (e.g. 20 mph or 30 km/h); Safe crossings for pedestrians and cyclists; and Separation of pedestrians and cyclists from vehicular traffic. If 1-2 of the provisions were met, responses are reflected as “Partial”. Safer vehicles Total registered vehicles for 2016: Information about the total number of vehicles in the country includes only registered vehicles, and various categories of such vehicles. This is a cumulative number of vehicles in circulation in 2016 (or the most recent year for which data were available) not the number of vehicles brought into circulation in a particular year. In some cases where new data were not available, the figure from the 2015 Global status report has been used and footnoted to indicate this source. In a few countries the number of vehicles in subcategories did not add up to the total number provided. In some countries, respondents noted that a substantial proportion of the vehicle fleet may not be registered. 281 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Explanatory Note 2 Vehicle standards applied: Information on vehicle standards presented in this report is derived from UNECE11 and comprise the following: ´ Frontal impact standard (UN Regulation 94 or equivalent national standard), an important minimum standard for crashworthiness; ´ Electronic stability control and anti-skid system (Regulation 13H or GTR 8), relevant to crash avoidance; ´ Pedestrian protection (Regulation 127 or GTR 9), important for protection of non-car occupants involved in a crash; and ´ Motorcycle anti-lock braking system (Regulation 78) which help the rider maintain control of the motorcycle vehicle during an emergency braking situation Post-crash care ´ National emergency care access number is reported as “National, single number”, “National multiple number”, and “Partial coverage”. Countries with “National, single number” comprised those that had one single emergency care services access number with total country coverage, and also those having some additional numbers with partial coverage. Countries with “National multiple numbers” comprised those that had multiple emergency care services access numbers that, taken together, provide total country coverage. Countries with “Partial coverage” comprised those that had one or more emergency care services access numbers with partial country coverage overall with areas of the country remaining uncovered. ´ 6rauOareIiUtryvariaDleindicateUwhethertherewaUareIiUtryinplaceandnotwhetheritwaUreIionalǡ/ national or sentinel in nature. ´ (orOalcertificationpathwayforprehoUpitalproviderUreferUtoa)overnOentor)overnOentendorUed pathwayforOedicUtechnicianUnurUeUorotherUtoDeUpecificallycertifiedaUprehoUpitalproviderU. ´ Assessment of emergency care systems conducted at the national level comprised the comprehensive assessment of the prehospital and facility-based emergency care systems. 11 http://www.unece.org/trans/main/wp29/introduction.html 282 Data ´ Reported numbers of road traffic deaths are included in the Country Profiles, with a footnote to indicate the source of data and the definition of a road traffic death that was used. ´ The estimated number of road traffic deaths is included based on the methodology described in Explanatory Note 3. Where this number was based on a negative binomial regression model, a 95% Confidence Interval is also shown. ´ The estimated rate per 100 000 population is based on the estimated number of road traffic deaths referred to above. ´ Data on the breakdown by sex may be from a different source to the official road traffic data and are converted to proportions. The proportion of deaths where the sex was unknown has not been reported in the profiles. As a result, proportions may not add up to 100% due to remaining proportions being due to cases of unknown sex. Proportions may also not add up to 100% due to rounding off or when partial information was available (indicated in a footnote). ´ Reported fatality data from different countries are not necessarily comparable, as different definitions and timeframes have been used (these are noted in the footnotes or in brackets behind the data). However, the WHO estimates (both absolute numbers and rate per 100 000) allow for comparisons between countries. For more information on the fatality data see Explanatory Note 3. ´ The standard colour coding of the pie charts used to represent road user deaths in the categories requested in the questionnaire is shown below. Additional categories are represented by non-standard colours as indicated in the specific Country Profiles. ´ Graphs on reported road traffic fatality trends are shown either as road traffic death rates per 100 000 population (solid line) or as an absolute number of road traffic deaths (dotted line), depending on which data were supplied by the country. While many countries track decades’ worth of trend data, only a 10-year period is depicted here. ´ For countries providing less than 5 years’ road traffic fatality trend data, this information is presented in a tabular format instead of a graph. 283 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Explanatory Note 2 ´ For countries with small populations where the numbers of deaths are under 50, absolute numbers of deaths rather than rates are shown. Note that in cases where data were only available for regions within a country, this information is indicated in a footnote. Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles Occupants 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers Drivers motorized 2- or 3-wheelers Pillion riders Cyclists Pedestrians Drivers/passengers heavy trucks Drivers/passengers buses Other/uspecified Drivers (all vehicles) Passengers (all vehicles) Drivers and passengers (all vehicles) Safer road users Data provided in this section is extracted from the questionnaire and the legislative analysis undertaken by WHO Headquarters in collaboration with NDCs. Enforcement: respondents were asked, as individuals, to rate the effectiveness of enforcement of various elements of national road safety legislation based on their professional opinion or perception. These responses – on a scale of 0 to 10, where 0 is “not effective” and 10 is “highly effective” – are reflected here. A median of these scores is presented. Median enforcement figures are rounded off. It should be noted that these scores are subjective and should be seen only as an indication of how enforcement is perceived in the country. Many respondents expressed difficulty in assessing law enforcement at a national level since it often varies from region to region within a country and the intensity of the enforcement may vary at different times. Some countries did not wish to provide enforcement scores. Speed: Speed limits reported here (and in the statistical tables) are the default speed limits on urban roads, rural roads and motorways for private passenger cars. The speed limits have been, where needed, converted to kilometres per hour. ‘Default speed limit’ was interpreted as the maximum speed limit applying in normal circumstances (regardless of weather, roadworks, special events, etc.) on the road type considered. 284 #UroadclaUUificationUvaryIreatlyfroOcountrytocountry0ational&ata%oordinatorUwereaUMedto confirOorcorrectUpeedliOitUreportedintheleIalanalyUiUforthedifferenttypeUofroadUaccordinItothe definitionUuUedinthecountryconcerned.+ncountrieUwhere0ational&ata%oordinatorUhaveindicated that motorways do not exist in their country, this is noted with a footnote. In some countries, the legislation does not articulate speed limits by road type but only by vehicle type. +ntheUecountrieUtheUpeedliOitprovidedforprivatepaUUenIercarUiUreportedinthecountryprofileand statistical annex for all road types, with a footnote indicating that this is a speed limit set per vehicle type and not based on the road type. The criterion «local authorities able to modify speed limit» is answered Yes if the speed limit can be altered at locallevelinanyway decreaUedand/orincreaUed .6hedefinitionoflocalauthoritieUiUinterpretedDroadly as any entity that is not from the central system of government (i.e. not from a national ministry) having a jurisdiction over a local area whether the local area is a region, a province, a district, a department or a city. This criterion is automatically answered Yes for countries in which laws are set at subnational level if at least 80% of subnational entities of the country have set their own speed laws.12 Drink-driving: Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) limits (or breath alcohol limits converted to BAC limits) refer to the maximum amount of alcohol legally acceptable in the blood of a driver on the road – i.e. theDloodalcohollevelaDovewhichadriverOayDepuniUhedDylaw.6hiUfiIureiUprovidedfortheIeneral population, and for young/novice drivers in grams per decilitre (g/dl). This survey gathered information on drink-driving laws regardless of the legal status of alcohol in the country. Where alcohol consumption was leIallyprohiDitedinacountryaUreportedinthefinalcountrySueUtionnairethiUiUindicatedDyafootnote. BAC limits are reported with a dash (“—”) for countries that have a drink-driving law that is not based on blood (or equivalent breath) alcohol concentration, and with a corresponding footnote. ´ 6heuUeofrandoODreathteUtinIiUindicatedDaUedoncountrieUŨreportUofwhetherornotUuchteUtinI iUcarriedoutinpractice.6hoUecountrieUwhereleIiUlationUpecificallyprohiDitUpriOaryenforceOent of drink-driving laws, and thus random breath testing, are indicated as such in a footnote. ´ Deaths attributable to drink-driving were included only when the estimate was based on a published source. In many cases these are not national estimates (as indicated in the source). These estimates are rounded up. 12 Or in the case of Micronesia (Federated States of), if at least 75% of the subnational entities have enacted speed laws 285 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Explanatory Note 2 Motorcycle helmets: A country is interpreted as having a helmet law covering all riders where the law requires helmet use for both the driver and the (adult) passenger, on all road types and for all types of motorcycles (regardless of engine type). A reference to « riders » in the law is understood to include both drivers and passengers. Countries where helmet laws apply only to certain types of roads, at certain times or in certain areas were interpreted as not providing sufficient coverage to be considered as applying to all drivers and passengers. The criteria «Law refers to and/or specifies a helmet standard» is answered Yes if the law refers to: ´ a specific standard (such as ECE 22 or a national standard), or ´ an authority in charge of setting such a standard, or ´ regulations or rules to specify or develop a standard. Information on the actual adoption of the regulations prescribing a helmet standard was not always available; in case where the NDCs indicated that the standard had not yet been set, a corresponding footnote was included in the country profile. The criteria « children passengers on motorcycles » shows whether a country restricts children as passengers on motorcycles and if yes, for what age group. For information on motorcycle helmet rates (derived from the final country questionnaires), these data were included only when a published source was indicated. The most disaggregated data are presented here, i.e. separate figures are provided for drivers and passengers where this information was provided. Note that the information provided for drivers and passengers does not necessarily represent the same year, nor come from the same source, as indicated in the corresponding footnotes. The data on passenger rates refer to adult passengers unless otherwise indicated. In many cases these are not national estimates (as indicated in the source). Seat-belts: A country is interpreted as having a seat-belt law covering all occupants where the law requires seat-belt use for the driver, front seat passenger and rear seat passengers at all times and on all roads. Countries where seat-belt laws apply only at certain times or on certain roads were interpreted as having a national seat belt law not applying to all occupants. 286 For information on seat-belt wearing rates (derived from the final country questionnaires), these data were included only when a published source was indicated. Where available, information on wearing rates disaggregated by front and rear seat occupants was used. Where respondents provided explanatory information on these data, for example, a source or information on geographical coverage, this information is summarized in the footnotes. Note that the information provided for front seat and rear seat occupants does not necessarily represent the same year, nor come from the same source, as indicated in the corresponding footnotes. Child restraints: A country is interpreted as having a child restraint law where the country requires the mandatory use of child restraint systems for an identified group of children based on either their height and/or their age and/or their weight. Child restraints include rear-facing child restraints, forward facing child restraints as well as booster seats. Regular (adult) seat-belts, on their own, are not counted as appropriate child restraints. Countries whose legislation required that children within a certain age group/height be restrained either by a seat-belt or in a child restraint use were reported as not having a child restraint law for this age group/height. Countries that referred to child restraint use for children seated in the front only (and not in the rear) were reported as not having a child restraint law. Countries that referred to either child restraint use or “other means” were considered as not meeting the criteria “standard”, and this detail was reflected in a footnote in the country profile. The age and/or height reported for the criteria “child restraint required” corresponds to the period for which only child restraint systems are allowed to restrain children (i.e. no other form of restraint is allowed such as seat-belts only, “other means” etc.). The criterion «Law refers to and/or specifies a standard» is answered Yes if the law refers to: ´ a specific standard (such as ECE 44 or ECE 129), or ´ an authority in charge of setting such a standard, or ´ regulations or rules to specify or develop a standard. Information on the actual adoption of the regulations prescribing a standard was not always available; in case where the NDCs indicated that the standard had not yet been set, a corresponding footnote was included in the country profile. 287 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Explanatory Note 2 The criterion « children seated in front » shows whether a country restricts children as passengers in the front seat and if so, what is the restriction set (complete ban, or subject to placing the child in a restraint) and for which age group. Information on rates of child restraint use (derived from the final country questionnaires) are presented when a source was provided for the estimate and are included in the most disaggregated form available. Most countries that provided this data, however, had data on children in restraints that was not broken down by age group. Note that where multiple studies are available this information does not necessarily represent the same year, nor come from the same source, as indicated in the corresponding footnotes. References 1. Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat (June 2017). World population Prospects: The 2017 Revision, Highlights. New York: United Nations. 2. World Development Indicators database, World Bank, November 2017. http://databank.worldbank.org/data/reports.aspx?source=World-Development-Indicators EXPLANATORY NOTE 3 ESTIMATION OF TOTAL ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS Explanatory Note 3GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 289 Background During the process of preparing the fourth Global status report on road safety, WHO generated estimates ofroadtrafficdeathUforforall/eODer5tateU.4oadtrafficdeathUwereeUtiOatedDyDuildinIon the methods used in the third global report by improving and updating the database of vital registration, the data collection instrument (survey) and the database of the covariates for regressions. These estimates were used to generate regional and global estimates, while estimates for individual countries are included in the report only for the 175 countries that participated in the survey. Death registration information is submitted to WHO regularly by Ministries of Health from around the world, andOoUtiUcodeduUinIthe+nternational%laUUificationof&iUeaUeUth or 10th revisions (1, 2, 3). Using this claUUificationalldeathUthatfollowfroOaroadtrafficdeatharecountedaUUuchreIardleUUofthetiOe periodinwhichtheyoccur unliMeOanyofficialroadtrafficUurveillancedataUourceUwhereroadtraffic deathdataareDaUedonadaydefinitionfollowinIaroadtrafficcraUh .9*1applieUcertaincriteriato ascertain the quality of this death registration data and where the death registration data were considered to be of high quality these data were used for this report13. For those countries without such good vital registration data, and for which other sources of information on causes of death were unavailable14, the estimates were based on covariates (some collected in the Uurveyof/eODer5tateUotherUfroOavailaDlepuDliUhedUourceU .6hereIreUUionOodelUwerefittedto datafortheperiodŤatiOeUerieUforeachcovariatewaUuUedforthiUperiodforeach/eODer 5tateU.6heiOprovedreIreUUionOodeleUtiOatedroadtrafficdeathU allaIeUDothUeZeU aUafunctionof a set of covariates that include measures of economic development, road transport factors and legislation, road use and safety governance/enforcement and health system access. Due to the availability of new data, and updated time series for many covariates used in the regression, eUtiOateUforthefulltiOeUerieUhaveDeenreviUed.*encethe9*1eUtiOateUarenotdirectly comparable to previous WHO estimates published in the previous global status reports on road safety (4, 5). 6heeUtiOationrepreUentUtheDeUteUtiOateUof9*1forfatalitieUthatoccurreddurinIand earlier years, based on the evidence available up to September 2018. These estimates are not necessarily theofficialeUtiOateUof/eODer5tateUforthatyearandarenotneceUUarilyendorUedDy/eODer5tateU. However, during the preparation of the report a consultation letter was sent to each Member State that 13 For details on criteria used to assess quality of vital registration data see reference 3 and Explanatory Note in references 4 and 5. 14 However, in some countries other sources of information on deaths were used: where total deaths reported from the national surveillance system were greater than the deaths estimated from the regression or from the death registration data, these were used. 290 participated in this fourth Global status report on road safety explaining the methodology used during this estimation process and the latest data used for this purpose. In order to allow global and regional comparisons to previous years, the global and regional estimates for previous years were recalculated based on the new data and methods used for 2016. Approaches to estimation As in the second and third reports, there are four groups of countries and the estimation methodology for each group is described in detail below. 1. Countries with death registration data This group includes 86 countries with death registration data meeting the following completeness criteria: completeness for the year estimated at 80% or more, or average completeness for the decade including the country-year was 80% or more. Total road traffic deaths were calculated from the death registration data and population data reported to WHO as follows. Injury deaths classified as “undetermined intent” were redistributed pro-rata across all unintentional and intentional injury categories within age-sex groups. These data were then used to compute age-sex-specific death rates for road traffic deaths. Where completeness was assessed at less than 100%, death rates were adjusted for incompleteness by multiplying by (100/ completeness %). These death rates were applied to the UN estimates of population by 5-year age group and sex (World Population Prospects 2016) to estimate total road traffic deaths for each country-year. These countries fall into three categories: ´ Countries with death registration data for year 2016 where the estimated road traffic deaths for 2016 exceeded number reported from the surveillance system. The death-registration based estimate is used. This category contains 9 countries. ´ Countries where the latest death registration data submitted to WHO is earlier than 2015 but not earlier than 2007. Deaths in year 2016 were estimated based on a projection of the most recent death registration data using the trends in reported surveillance data: this category contains 54 countries. ´ Countries where the reported number of road traffic deaths adjusted to unlimited time for 2016 exceeded the estimate based on death registration data. For 23 countries, the reported road traffic deaths were used for year 2016. 291 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Explanatory Note 3 2. Countries with other sources of information on causes of death For India, Thailand and Viet Nam, data on total deaths by cause were available for a single year or very few earlier years. These data sources are documented in Annex B of the Global Burden of Disease: 2004 update report (WHO 2008) and as well as some more recent studies submitted to WHO. For these countries, the regression method described below was used to project forward from the most recent year for which an estimate of total road traffic deaths was available. 3. Countries with populations less than 150 000 For 9 small countries with populations less than 150 000 and which did not have eligible death registration data, regression estimates were not used. The reported deaths were used directly without adjustment. 4. Countries without eligible death registration data For these countries without death registration data at least 80% complete and with populations greater than 150 000, a regression model was used to estimate total road traffic deaths. As for the first report, we used a negative binomial regression model, appropriate for modeling non-negative integer count data (number of road traffic deaths) (Law 2009, Hilbe 2007). A likelihood ratio test was used to assess that the negative binomial model provided a better fit to the data than a Poisson model (where the variance of the data is constrained to equal the mean). (1) lnN = C + β1X1 + β2X2 + ... + βnXn + lnPop + ε where N is the total road traffic deaths (for a country-year), C is a constant term, Xi are a set of explanatory covariates, Pop is the population for the country-year, and ε is the negative binomial error term. Population was used as exposure, making it possible to interpret the coefficients (βi) for the independent variables as effects on rates rather than a count. In a previous study, this type of model was used to represent «accident proneness» (Greenwood and Yule, 1920). Karlaftis and Tarko (1998) have also found a negative binomial regression model to be the appropriate for count data such as road traffic fatalities. The parameters β1, β2, β3 ··· βn (equation 1) were estimated by fitting the negative binomial regression model to estimated total road traffic deaths for all country-years in the range 2000-2016 meeting the completeness criteria. by using the number of road of traffic deaths from countries from group 1 described above. We chose three models (Models A, B and C) that had good in-sample- and out-of-sample fit, and for 292 which all the covariates were statistically significant and overall estimation is the average of the prediction of these three best models. The table below describes the covariates used for our model: Table E3: Covariates used in the model Independent variables Description Source of information Included in models ln (GDP) World Development Indicators 2017) and WHO estimates of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita (international dollars or purchasing power parity dollars, 2011 base) World bank and WHO database Models A, B, C ln (vehicles per capita) Total vehicles per 1000 persons GSRRS surveys and WHO database Models A, B, C Road density Total roads (km) per 1000 hectares International Futures database Models A, B, C National speed limits on rural roads The maximum national speed limits on rural roads (km/h) from WHO questionnaire GSRRS survey Models A, B, C National speed limits on urban roads The maximum national speed limits on urban roads (km/h) from WHO questionnaire GSRRS survey Models A, B, C Health system access Health system access variable (principal component score based on a set of coverage indicators for each country) Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation dataset Models A, B, C Alcohol apparent consumption Liters of alcohol (recorded plus unrecorded) per adult aged 15+ WHO database Models A, B, C Population working Proportion of population aged 15–64 years World Population Prospects 2017 revision Models A, B, C Percentage motorbikes Per cent of total vehicles that are motorbikes GSRRS survey Model B Corruption index Control of corruption index (units range from about -2.5 to +2.5 with higher values corresponding to better control of corruption World Bank (Kaufmann et al 2009), International Futures database Model B National policies for walking /cycling Existence of national policies that encourage walking and / or cycling GSRRS survey Model C Population Total population (used as offset in negative binomial regression World Population Prospects 2016 revision (UNDESA) Models A, B, C 293 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Explanatory Note 3 Table E4: Overview of methods used to obtain comparable country estimates Estimation method Country GROUP 1 Countries/areas with good death registration data Argentina, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China (14, 15), Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechia, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Estonia, Fiji, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Guyana, Hungary, Iceland, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Maldives, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Montenegro, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Oman, Panama, Paraguay, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Republic of Korea, Republic of Moldova, Romania, Russian Federation, Saint Lucia, Serbia, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), West Bank and Gaza Strip GROUP 2 Countries with other sources of cause of death information India (16,17,18), Thailand, Viet Nam GROUP 3 Countries with populations less than 150 000 Antigua and Barbuda, Cook Islands, Dominica, Grenada, Kiribati, Micronesia (Federated States of), San Marino, Seychelles, Tonga GROUP 4 Countries without eligible death registration data Afghanistan, Albania, Angola, Armenia, Bangladesh, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cabo Verde, Cambodia, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Honduras, Indonesia, Iraq, Jordan, Kenya, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Mauritania, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Rwanda, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Sudan, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Syrian Arab Republic, Tajikistan, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, United Republic of Tanzania, Vanuatu, Zimbabwe 294 References 1. World Health Organization. International Classification of Diseases – 9th Revision. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1975. 2. World Health Organization. International Classification of Diseases – 10th Revision. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1990. 3. The global burden of disease: 2004 update. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2008 (http://www. who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/2004_report_update/en/ , accessed 15 September 2015). 4. Global status report on road safety: time for action. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2009. 5. Global status report on road safety 2013 Supporting a Decade of Action. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2013.Global status report on road safety 2015. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2015 6. Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat (June 2013). World population Prospects: The 2012 Revision, Highlights. New York: United Nations. 7. Law TH. The effects of political governance, policy measures and economic growth on the Kuznets relationship in motor vehicle crash deaths. Ph.D thesis, University of London, 2009. 8. Hilbe JM. Negative Binomial Regression. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2007. 9. Greenwood M. Yule GU. An enquiry into the nature of frequency distributions representative of multiple happenings with particular reference to the occurrence of multiple attacks of disease or of repeated accidents. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society (Series A), 1920, 83, 255-279. 10. Karlaftis MG., Tarko AP. Heterogeneity considerations in accident modeling. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 1998, 30:425-433. 295 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Explanatory Note 3 11. The International Futures (IFs) modeling system, version 6.5.4. Frederick S. Pardee Center for International Futures, Josef Korbel School of International Studies, University of Denver, www.ifs.du.edu. 12. Myerson R et al. Safe pregnancy and delivery: a systematic analysis of the trends in the coverage of antenatal and intrapartumcare. Presentation at Global Health Metrics and Evaluation Conference 2011: Controversies, Innovation, Accountability, Seattle, Washington, 14–16 March 2011. 13. Kaufmann D, Kraay A, Mastruzzi M. Governance Matters VIII: Governance Indicators for 1996-2008. World Bank Policy Research. 2009 14. Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 全国疾病监测系统死 因监测数据集 [National Disease Surveillance System monitoring causes of death 2012]. Beijing, Military Medical Science Press, 2013. 15. Vital registration data received from Center for Health Statistics and Information Ministry of Healthy, Beijing, China. 16. Causes of death in India in 2001–2003. New Delhi, Registrar General of India, Government of India, 2009. 17. Aleksandrowicz L, Malhotra V, Dikshit R, Gupta P, Kumar R, Sheth J, Rathi S, Suraweera W, Miasnikof P, Jotkar R, Sinha D, Awasthi S, Bhatia P, Jha P. Performance criteria for verbal autopsy-based systems to estimate national causes of death: development and application to the Indian Million Death Study. BMC Medicine 2014, 12:21 18. Registrar General of India and the Centre for Global Health Research. Causes of Death Statistics for India 2010-2013. A Joint Report of the Registrar General of India and the Centre for Global Health Research. Government of India Ministry of Home Affairs – Sample Registration System, 2015. (http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011- common/Sample_Registration_System.html) STATISTICAL ANNEX 297 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 TABLE A1: NATIONAL DATA COORDINATORS BY COUNTRY / AREA AND WHO REGION Country / Area Region Name of National data coordinator(s) Angola Africa Noélia Loureiro Teixeira Benin Africa Ismaël Mohamed Hoteyi Botswana Africa Amos Kgwefane Motshegwe Burkina Faso Africa Casimir Sanon Burundi Africa Godefroid Kamwenubusa Cabo Verde Africa António Joao Gomes dos Santos Cameroon Africa Christophe Abouna Central African Republic Africa Paul Balekouzou Chad Africa Mahamat Gocke Comoros Africa Nassif Kaissane Congo Africa Yoga Itoua Yoyo Ambianzi Côte d’Ivoire Africa Tidjane Amadou Kamagate Democratic Republic of the Congo Africa Christophe Mwaluka Equatorial Guinea Africa Salvador Emana Edu Eritrea Africa Kahsay Araya Ghebretensae Eswatini Africa Nokuthula Mahlalela Ethiopia Africa Ebriza Mudesir Gabon Africa Vladimir Soami Gambia Africa Essa Drammeh Ghana Africa Gabriel Adu-Sarpong Guinea Africa Luc Kezely Beavogui Guinea-Bissau Africa Cristovao Manjuba Kenya Africa Gladwell Gathecha Lesotho Africa Sejojo Phaaroe Liberia Africa Fulton Shannon II Madagascar Africa Eulalie Razafindranazy Malawi Africa Jones Kaponda Masiye Mali Africa Ousmane Maiga Mauritania Africa Moussa Abdellahi Mauritius Africa Mahmad Saeed Jewon Mozambique Africa Napoleao Salomao Sumbane Namibia Africa Laina Shigwedha Niger Africa Abdou Abdoul-Aziz Nigeria Africa Kayode Olagunju Rwanda Africa Dominique Rurangirwa Sao Tome and Principe Africa Celso Matos Senegal Africa Bineta Sene Seychelles Africa Patrick Andre South Africa Africa Refilwe Mongale South Sudan Africa Komuri Lea Muja Ayub Togo Africa Kossi Dzinyefa Atabuh Uganda Africa Benedict Byamugisha 298 Country / Area Region Name of National data coordinator(s) United Republic of Tanzania Africa Tabitha Makaranga Zimbabwe Africa Lee Nkala Antigua and Barbuda Americas Valarie Williams Argentina Americas Veronica Heler Barbados Americas Denise Carter Taylor Belize Americas Jesse Chun Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Americas Ana María Suxo Brazil Americas Cheila Marina de Lima Canada Americas Paul Boase Chile Americas Carla Medina Aros Colombia Americas Andrea Acero Álvarez Costa Rica Americas Teresa Guzmán Cuba Americas Yania Pla Ramírez Dominica Americas Shalauddin Ahmed Dominican Republic Americas Miguelina Figueroa Ecuador Americas Klever Almerida El Salvador Americas Silvia Argentina Morán de Garcia Grenada Americas Shawn Charles Guatemala Americas Yonni Aguilar Guyana Americas Ramona Doorgen Honduras Americas Dario Roberto Cálix Alvarado Jamaica Americas Andriene Grant Mexico Americas Ricardo Pérez Núñez Panama Americas Rey Fuentes Rodríguez Paraguay Americas Alberto Didier Gonzalez Cabello Peru Americas Joel Gilberto Collazos Carhuay Saint Lucia Americas Phil Leon Suriname Americas Johanna Lakhisaran Trinidad and Tobago Americas Carla Ruiz United States of America Americas Ann Dellinger Uruguay Americas Pablo Posada Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Americas Sarai Patricia Castro Gilly Afghanistan Eastern Mediterranean Adiba Adib Egypt Eastern Mediterranean Ramy Gameel Saied Elnazer Iran (Islamic Republic of) Eastern Mediterranean Mashyaneh Haddadi Iraq Eastern Mediterranean Shakir Kadhim Rubayi Katea Jordan Eastern Mediterranean Mohammad Zaal Mousa Aloudat, Malek Ayed Falah Alhabashneh Kuwait Eastern Mediterranean Jassim Ibrahim Al Kandary Lebanon Eastern Mediterranean Kamel Ibrahim, Ramzi Salamé Libya Eastern Mediterranean Ali Shabban Altounsi Morocco Eastern Mediterranean Ahmad Bardan 299 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Region Name of National data coordinator(s) Oman Eastern Mediterranean Mohamed Said Alyazidi Pakistan Eastern Mediterranean Samra Mazhar Qatar Eastern Mediterranean Thaera Abdulwahid Muslat Saudi Arabia Eastern Mediterranean Faisal Faisal Murdhi Alanazi Somalia Eastern Mediterranean Farhia Qasim Sudan Eastern Mediterranean Fatima Elhassan Eisa Syrian Arab Republic Eastern Mediterranean Taufik Ismail Hasaba Tunisia Eastern Mediterranean Naoufel Somrani, Henda Chebbi United Arab Emirates Eastern Mediterranean Essam M. N. Howayyer West Bank and Gaza Strip Eastern Mediterranean Imad Aldeen Mahmoud Al Masry Albania Europe Gentiana Qirjako Armenia Europe Kristina Gyurjyan Austria Europe Martin Labuda Azerbaijan Europe Rustam Talishinskiy Belarus Europe Aleksandr Beletski Belgium Europe Wouter Van den Berghe Bosnia and Herzegovina Europe Dalibor Pejovic Bulgaria Europe Galia Tsolova Croatia Europe Ivana Brkic Bilos Cyprus Europe Vasos Scoutellas Czechia Europe Alena Švancarová Denmark Europe Lartey G. Lawson Estonia Europe Reigo Ude Finland Europe Riikka Rajamäki France Europe Joel Valmain Georgia Europe Tamar Chachava Germany Europe Horst Schulzes Greece Europe George Yannis Hungary Europe Péter Csizmadia Iceland Europe Gunnar Geir Gunnarsson Ireland Europe John Carroll Israel Europe Kobi Peleg Italy Europe Maria Giuseppina Lecce Kazakhstan Europe Batpenov Nurlan Dzhumagulovich Kyrgyzstan Europe Samatbek Toimatov Latvia Europe Eva Ramuse Lithuania Europe Aida Laukaitienė Luxembourg Europe Scharel Lehners Malta Europe Beatrice Farrugia Montenegro Europe Svetlana Stojanovic Netherlands Europe Peter M. Mak 300 Country / Area Region Name of National data coordinator(s) Norway Europe Guro Ranes Poland Europe Krystian Warda Portugal Europe Miguel Telo de Arriaga Republic of Moldova Europe Tatiana Zatic Petru Romania Europe Bogdan Pop Russian Federation Europe Sergey Alexanrovich Ryzhov San Marino Europe Andrea Gualtieri Serbia Europe Marija Markovic Slovakia Europe Zora Brucháčová Slovenia Europe Andraž Murkovič Spain Europe Martha Molina Olivas Sweden Europe Matts-Åke Belin Switzerland Europe Maja Ouertani Tajikistan Europe Razzakov Abduvali Abdukhamitovich The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Europe Fimka Tozija Turkey Europe Kayhan Keser Turkmenistan Europe Dry Ata Boppyev Ukraine Europe Yuryi Chornyi United Kingdom Europe Mark Bellis Uzbekistan Europe Mirklhakim Azizov Bangladesh South-East Asia Abdul Alim Bhutan South-East Asia Phuntsho Wangdi India South-East Asia Shri K Guite Indonesia South-East Asia Betsy Ernani Maldives South-East Asia Fathimath Shabana Myanmar South-East Asia Aung Thein Htay Nepal South-East Asia Buland Thapa Sri Lanka South-East Asia Premalal Rathnaweera Thailand South-East Asia Nongnuch Thanthithum Timor-Leste South-East Asia Helder Juvinal Neto da Silva Australia Western Pacific Katrina Cristofani Cambodia Western Pacific Hero Kol China Western Pacific Leilei Duan Cook Islands Western Pacific Edwina Tangaroa Fiji Western Pacific Watilala Fonu Japan Western Pacific Mayuyo Mori Kiribati Western Pacific Mweritonga Rubeiariki Lao People’s Democratic Republic Western Pacific Somnuk Mektakul Malaysia Western Pacific Zakira Taib Micronesia (Federated States of) Western Pacific Wincener J. David Mongolia Western Pacific Baatarsuren Purevjav 301 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Region Name of National data coordinator(s) New Zealand Western Pacific Alec Morrison Papua New Guinea Western Pacific Herman Wakia Philippines Western Pacific Agnes Benegas-Segarra Republic of Korea Western Pacific Soyun Park Samoa Western Pacific Rumanusina Maua Singapore Western Pacific Lay Tin Ong Solomon Islands Western Pacific Brian Surimalefo Tonga Western Pacific Kalo Nofoákifolau Vanuatu Western Pacific Jerry Iaruel Viet Nam Western Pacific Do Minh Trung 302 TABLE A2: ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS AND PROPORTION OF ROAD USERS BY COUNTRY / AREA Country / Area General information Road traffic deaths Road traffic deaths Road user death (%) Population numbers for 2016a GNI per capita for 2016 in US dollarsb Income levelc Reported number of road traffic deaths Modelled number of road traffic deathsd Estimated road traffic death rate per 100 000 populationd Drivers/Passengers of 4-wheeled vehicles Drivers / Passengers of 2- or 3- wheelers Cyclists Pedestrians Other or unspecified users Point estimate 95% Confidence Interval Afghanistan ǡǡ Low ǡ ǡ ǡǡ . – – – – – Albania ǡǡ ǡ Middle 399 . 39.4 11.9 7.8 38.7 2.2 Angola ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ . . . 0 Antigua and Barbuda ǡ ǡ High 8 8 – 7.9 . 0 . 0 Argentina ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 14 47.2 22.2 2.4 8.2 20 Armenia ǡǡ ǡ Middle 499 17.1 . . 0.4 34.8 3.7 Australia ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ – . . 19.3 2.2 14 . Austria ǡǡ ǡ High 432 – . 43.8 22 11.1 . . Azerbaijan ǡǡ ǡ Middle – 8.7 . 0.9 0.9 42 4.3 Bangladesh ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡe ǡ ǡǡ . – – – – – Barbados ǡ ǡ High 9 – . 33.3 33.3 0 22.2 11.1 Belarus ǡǡ ǡ Middle 841 – 8.9 . 9.2 41.3 1 Belgium ǡǡ ǡ High e – . . 14.4 11.1 12.2 Belize ǡ ǡ Middle 101 104 – 28.3 18.8 19.8 11.9 24.8 24.8 Benin ǡǡ 820 Low e ǡ ǡǡ . . . 0.8 . 9.1 Bhutan ǡ ǡ Middle 139 17.4 – – – – – Bolivia (Plurinational State of) ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ . . 19.7 . 17.1 Bosnia and Herzegovina ǡǡ ǡ Middle 318 . – – – – – Botswana ǡǡ ǡ Middle 23.8 . 0 2 24.7 10.2 Brazil ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡe ǡ – 19.7 23.2 31.4 3.4 18.1 24 Bulgaria ǡǡ ǡ Middle 708 730 – 10.2 . 7.8 4.9 . . Burkina Faso ǡǡ Low 878 ǡ ǡǡ . – – – – – Burundi ǡǡ 280 Low 112e ǡ ǡǡ 34.7 – – – – – Cabo Verde ǡ ǡ Middle 41 – – – – – Cambodia ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 17.8 . . 2.3 . 8.4 Cameroon ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 30.1 – – – – – Canada ǡǡ ǡ High ǡe ǡ – . . 10.8 . . 7.2 Central African Republic ǡǡ 370 Low 193 ǡ ǡǡ . – – – – – Chad ǡǡ 720 Low ǡf ǡ ǡǡ . – – – – – Chile ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ – . 42 8.7 . 7.7 China ǡǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡe ǡ – 18.2 – – – – – Colombia ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – . 8.4 . . 7.8 303 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area General information Road traffic deaths Road traffic deaths Road user death (%) Population numbers for 2016a GNI per capita for 2016 in US dollarsb Income levelc Reported number of road traffic deaths Modelled number of road traffic deathsd Estimated road traffic death rate per 100 000 populationd Drivers/Passengers of 4-wheeled vehicles Drivers / Passengers of 2- or 3- wheelers Cyclists Pedestrians Other or unspecified users Point estimate 95% Confidence Interval Afghanistan ǡǡ Low ǡ ǡ ǡǡ . – – – – – Albania ǡǡ ǡ Middle 399 . 39.4 11.9 7.8 38.7 2.2 Angola ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ . . . 0 Antigua and Barbuda ǡ ǡ High 8 8 – 7.9 . 0 . 0 Argentina ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 14 47.2 22.2 2.4 8.2 20 Armenia ǡǡ ǡ Middle 499 17.1 . . 0.4 34.8 3.7 Australia ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ – . . 19.3 2.2 14 . Austria ǡǡ ǡ High 432 – . 43.8 22 11.1 . . Azerbaijan ǡǡ ǡ Middle – 8.7 . 0.9 0.9 42 4.3 Bangladesh ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡe ǡ ǡǡ . – – – – – Barbados ǡ ǡ High 9 – . 33.3 33.3 0 22.2 11.1 Belarus ǡǡ ǡ Middle 841 – 8.9 . 9.2 41.3 1 Belgium ǡǡ ǡ High e – . . 14.4 11.1 12.2 Belize ǡ ǡ Middle 101 104 – 28.3 18.8 19.8 11.9 24.8 24.8 Benin ǡǡ 820 Low e ǡ ǡǡ . . . 0.8 . 9.1 Bhutan ǡ ǡ Middle 139 17.4 – – – – – Bolivia (Plurinational State of) ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ . . 19.7 . 17.1 Bosnia and Herzegovina ǡǡ ǡ Middle 318 . – – – – – Botswana ǡǡ ǡ Middle 23.8 . 0 2 24.7 10.2 Brazil ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡe ǡ – 19.7 23.2 31.4 3.4 18.1 24 Bulgaria ǡǡ ǡ Middle 708 730 – 10.2 . 7.8 4.9 . . Burkina Faso ǡǡ Low 878 ǡ ǡǡ . – – – – – Burundi ǡǡ 280 Low 112e ǡ ǡǡ 34.7 – – – – – Cabo Verde ǡ ǡ Middle 41 – – – – – Cambodia ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 17.8 . . 2.3 . 8.4 Cameroon ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 30.1 – – – – – Canada ǡǡ ǡ High ǡe ǡ – . . 10.8 . . 7.2 Central African Republic ǡǡ 370 Low 193 ǡ ǡǡ . – – – – – Chad ǡǡ 720 Low ǡf ǡ ǡǡ . – – – – – Chile ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ – . 42 8.7 . 7.7 China ǡǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡe ǡ – 18.2 – – – – – Colombia ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – . 8.4 . . 7.8 304 Country / Area General information Road traffic deaths Road traffic deaths Road user death (%) Population numbers for 2016a GNI per capita for 2016 in US dollarsb Income levelc Reported number of road traffic deaths Modelled number of road traffic deathsd Estimated road traffic death rate per 100 000 populationd Drivers/Passengers of 4-wheeled vehicles Drivers / Passengers of 2- or 3- wheelers Cyclists Pedestrians Other or unspecified users Point estimate 95% Confidence Interval Comoros ǡ Low 23 211 . . 17.4 0 17.4 0 Congo ǡǡ ǡ Middle 308 ǡ ǡǡ 27.4 – – – – – Cook Islands ǡ – High e 3 – 17.3 20 80 0 0 0 Costa Rica ǡǡ ǡ Middle e 812 – . 24 40 10.4 24.7 0.9 Côte d’Ivoire ǡǡ ǡ Middle 991 ǡ ǡǡ . 11.1 0.3 40.2 13.4 Croatia ǡǡ ǡ Middle 307 340 – 8.1 48.2 8.8 21.8 . Cuba ǡǡ ǡg Middle – . 10.1 . 9.9 33.2 31.2 Cyprus ǡǡ ǡ High – . 34.8 21.7 4.3 30.4 8.7 Czechia ǡǡ ǡ High – . . 10.3 8.7 21.3 . Democratic Republic of the Congo ǡǡ 420 Low ǡ ǡǡ 33.7 . 11.7 0 . 0.3 Denmark ǡǡ ǡ High 211 227 – 4 48.3 . 14.7 17.1 3.8 Dominica ǡ ǡ Middle 10e 8 – 10.9 10 0 10 20 Dominican Republic ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – . 11 1 17 4 Ecuador ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 21.3 . 19.1 1.8 19.8 Egypt ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 9.7 . . 1.2 . 21.2 El Salvador ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 22.2 32.1 14.2 1.4 49 3.3 Equatorial Guinea ǡǡ ǡ Middle 41e 300 221 - 379 . – – – – – Eritrea ǡǡ g Low 130 ǡ ǡǡ . . . 9.2 . 27.7 Estonia ǡǡ ǡ High 71 80 – . . 1.4 7 31 . Eswatini ǡǡ ǡ Middle 203 . .g . 2 43.8 0 Ethiopia ǡǡ Low ǡe ǡ ǡǡ . 0 – – . . Fiji ǡ ǡ Middle – . .h – – . 0 Finland ǡǡ ǡ High – 4.7 . 8.7 . 10.7 . France ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ – . . 21.1 4.7 . 3.8 Gabon ǡǡ ǡ Middle h 23.2 – – – – – Gambia ǡǡ 440 Low 139 29.7 – – – – – Georgia ǡǡ ǡ Middle – . 44.9 . 0.7 . 27.4 Germany ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ – 4.1 47.8 18.8 12.3 . . Ghana ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡe ǡ ǡǡ 24.9 12 17.9 3.3 . 20.7 Greece ǡǡ ǡ High 824 ǡ – 9.2 40.3 32.4 2.2 18.1 7 Grenada ǡ ǡ Middle 10 10 – 9.3 – – – – – Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area General information Road traffic deaths Road traffic deaths Road user death (%) Population numbers for 2016a GNI per capita for 2016 in US dollarsb Income levelc Reported number of road traffic deaths Modelled number of road traffic deathsd Estimated road traffic death rate per 100 000 populationd Drivers/Passengers of 4-wheeled vehicles Drivers / Passengers of 2- or 3- wheelers Cyclists Pedestrians Other or unspecified users Point estimate 95% Confidence Interval Comoros ǡ Low 23 211 . . 17.4 0 17.4 0 Congo ǡǡ ǡ Middle 308 ǡ ǡǡ 27.4 – – – – – Cook Islands ǡ – High e 3 – 17.3 20 80 0 0 0 Costa Rica ǡǡ ǡ Middle e 812 – . 24 40 10.4 24.7 0.9 Côte d’Ivoire ǡǡ ǡ Middle 991 ǡ ǡǡ . 11.1 0.3 40.2 13.4 Croatia ǡǡ ǡ Middle 307 340 – 8.1 48.2 8.8 21.8 . Cuba ǡǡ ǡg Middle – . 10.1 . 9.9 33.2 31.2 Cyprus ǡǡ ǡ High – . 34.8 21.7 4.3 30.4 8.7 Czechia ǡǡ ǡ High – . . 10.3 8.7 21.3 . Democratic Republic of the Congo ǡǡ 420 Low ǡ ǡǡ 33.7 . 11.7 0 . 0.3 Denmark ǡǡ ǡ High 211 227 – 4 48.3 . 14.7 17.1 3.8 Dominica ǡ ǡ Middle 10e 8 – 10.9 10 0 10 20 Dominican Republic ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – . 11 1 17 4 Ecuador ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 21.3 . 19.1 1.8 19.8 Egypt ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 9.7 . . 1.2 . 21.2 El Salvador ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 22.2 32.1 14.2 1.4 49 3.3 Equatorial Guinea ǡǡ ǡ Middle 41e 300 221 - 379 . – – – – – Eritrea ǡǡ g Low 130 ǡ ǡǡ . . . 9.2 . 27.7 Estonia ǡǡ ǡ High 71 80 – . . 1.4 7 31 . Eswatini ǡǡ ǡ Middle 203 . .g . 2 43.8 0 Ethiopia ǡǡ Low ǡe ǡ ǡǡ . 0 – – . . Fiji ǡ ǡ Middle – . .h – – . 0 Finland ǡǡ ǡ High – 4.7 . 8.7 . 10.7 . France ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ – . . 21.1 4.7 . 3.8 Gabon ǡǡ ǡ Middle h 23.2 – – – – – Gambia ǡǡ 440 Low 139 29.7 – – – – – Georgia ǡǡ ǡ Middle – . 44.9 . 0.7 . 27.4 Germany ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ – 4.1 47.8 18.8 12.3 . . Ghana ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡe ǡ ǡǡ 24.9 12 17.9 3.3 . 20.7 Greece ǡǡ ǡ High 824 ǡ – 9.2 40.3 32.4 2.2 18.1 7 Grenada ǡ ǡ Middle 10 10 – 9.3 – – – – – Country / Area General information Road traffic deaths Road traffic deaths Road user death (%) Population numbers for 2016a GNI per capita for 2016 in US dollarsb Income levelc Reported number of road traffic deaths Modelled number of road traffic deathsd Estimated road traffic death rate per 100 000 populationd Drivers/Passengers of 4-wheeled vehicles Drivers / Passengers of 2- or 3- wheelers Cyclists Pedestrians Other or unspecified users Point estimate 95% Confidence Interval Guatemala ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – . 19.4 32.7 0.4 39.2 8.3 Guinea ǡǡ 490 Low ǡ ǡǡ 28.2 – – – – – Guinea-Bissau ǡǡ Low 122 31.1 – – – – – Guyana ǡ ǡ Middle 128 190 – . 24.2 21.9 . 29.7 11.7 Honduras ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ . . 24.3 4.1 27.9 . Hungary ǡǡ ǡ High – 7.8 44.3 . 12 8.1 Iceland ǡ ǡ High 18 22 – . 72.2 11.1 0 11.1 . India ǡǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – . 17.9 . 1.7 10.4 30.4 Indonesia ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 12.2 4.9 . 3.2 . 2.7 Iran (Islamic Republic of) ǡǡ ǡg Middle ǡ ǡ – . 48.7 24.1 . . Iraq ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 20.7 – – – – – Ireland ǡǡ ǡ High 188 194 – 4.1 . 11.7 . . 2.1 Israel ǡǡ ǡ High – 4.2 . 12.2 2.7 28.7 10.1 Italy ǡǡ ǡ High ǡe ǡ – . 42.8 . 7.3 . . Jamaica ǡǡ ǡ Middle 379 391 – . 33 28.8 8.4 22.2 7.7 Japan ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ – 4.1 32.4 17.2 . 1 Jordan ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡǡ 24.4 71.3h 0 0 28.7 0 Kazakhstan ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – . . 4.3 1.7 30.9 3.3 Kenya ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 27.8 .h 24.2 2.4 37 0 Kiribati ǡ ǡ Middle 4.4 40 20 0 40 0 Kuwait ǡǡ ǡg High 424 – . – – – – – Kyrgyzstan ǡǡ ǡ Middle 812 – . . 2.1 0.2 40 30 Lao People’s Democratic Republic ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡ . – – – – – Latvia ǡǡ ǡ High 184 – 9.3 44.9 12 4.4 34.8 3.8 Lebanon ǡǡ ǡ Middle e ǡ ǡ 18.1 42.4h 20.7 37 0 Lesotho ǡǡ ǡ Middle 318 28.9 – – – – – Liberia ǡǡ 370 Low ǡ ǡǡ . – – – – – Libya ǡǡ ǡg Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ . 1.9 2.3 20.8 0 Lithuania ǡǡ ǡ High 192 234 – 8 .h . 8.9 38 1 Luxembourg ǡ ǡ High 32 – . . 9.4 3.1 0 Madagascar ǡǡ 400 Low 340 ǡ ǡǡ . .h – – 47.1 0 307 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area General information Road traffic deaths Road traffic deaths Road user death (%) Population numbers for 2016a GNI per capita for 2016 in US dollarsb Income levelc Reported number of road traffic deaths Modelled number of road traffic deathsd Estimated road traffic death rate per 100 000 populationd Drivers/Passengers of 4-wheeled vehicles Drivers / Passengers of 2- or 3- wheelers Cyclists Pedestrians Other or unspecified users Point estimate 95% Confidence Interval Guatemala ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – . 19.4 32.7 0.4 39.2 8.3 Guinea ǡǡ 490 Low ǡ ǡǡ 28.2 – – – – – Guinea-Bissau ǡǡ Low 122 31.1 – – – – – Guyana ǡ ǡ Middle 128 190 – . 24.2 21.9 . 29.7 11.7 Honduras ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ . . 24.3 4.1 27.9 . Hungary ǡǡ ǡ High – 7.8 44.3 . 12 8.1 Iceland ǡ ǡ High 18 22 – . 72.2 11.1 0 11.1 . India ǡǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – . 17.9 . 1.7 10.4 30.4 Indonesia ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 12.2 4.9 . 3.2 . 2.7 Iran (Islamic Republic of) ǡǡ ǡg Middle ǡ ǡ – . 48.7 24.1 . . Iraq ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 20.7 – – – – – Ireland ǡǡ ǡ High 188 194 – 4.1 . 11.7 . . 2.1 Israel ǡǡ ǡ High – 4.2 . 12.2 2.7 28.7 10.1 Italy ǡǡ ǡ High ǡe ǡ – . 42.8 . 7.3 . . Jamaica ǡǡ ǡ Middle 379 391 – . 33 28.8 8.4 22.2 7.7 Japan ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ – 4.1 32.4 17.2 . 1 Jordan ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡǡ 24.4 71.3h 0 0 28.7 0 Kazakhstan ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – . . 4.3 1.7 30.9 3.3 Kenya ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 27.8 .h 24.2 2.4 37 0 Kiribati ǡ ǡ Middle 4.4 40 20 0 40 0 Kuwait ǡǡ ǡg High 424 – . – – – – – Kyrgyzstan ǡǡ ǡ Middle 812 – . . 2.1 0.2 40 30 Lao People’s Democratic Republic ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡ . – – – – – Latvia ǡǡ ǡ High 184 – 9.3 44.9 12 4.4 34.8 3.8 Lebanon ǡǡ ǡ Middle e ǡ ǡ 18.1 42.4h 20.7 37 0 Lesotho ǡǡ ǡ Middle 318 28.9 – – – – – Liberia ǡǡ 370 Low ǡ ǡǡ . – – – – – Libya ǡǡ ǡg Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ . 1.9 2.3 20.8 0 Lithuania ǡǡ ǡ High 192 234 – 8 .h . 8.9 38 1 Luxembourg ǡ ǡ High 32 – . . 9.4 3.1 0 Madagascar ǡǡ 400 Low 340 ǡ ǡǡ . .h – – 47.1 0 308 Country / Area General information Road traffic deaths Road traffic deaths Road user death (%) Population numbers for 2016a GNI per capita for 2016 in US dollarsb Income levelc Reported number of road traffic deaths Modelled number of road traffic deathsd Estimated road traffic death rate per 100 000 populationd Drivers/Passengers of 4-wheeled vehicles Drivers / Passengers of 2- or 3- wheelers Cyclists Pedestrians Other or unspecified users Point estimate 95% Confidence Interval Malawi ǡǡ 320 Low ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 31 31.1 3.2 . 0.1 Malaysia ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ . – – – – – Maldives ǡ ǡ Middle 4 4 – 0.9 0 0 0 Mali ǡǡ Low ǡ ǡǡ 23.1 27.9 42.3 2.4 . . Malta ǡ ǡ High 22 – . 18.2 40.9 . 27.3 9.1 Mauritania ǡǡ ǡ Middle 184 ǡ ǡ 24.7 – – – – – Mauritius ǡǡ ǡ Middle 144 173 – 13.7 . . . . 0 Mexico ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡe ǡ – 13.1 18.4h . 1.1 . 42.4 Micronesia (Federated States of) ǡ ǡ Middle 2 2 – 1.9 0 0 0 Mongolia ǡǡ ǡ Middle 484 499 . 39.3 . 1.2 28.7 12.2 Montenegro ǡ ǡ Middle – 10.7 . . . 13.8 . Morocco ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ . 31.2 28.7 . . 7.9 Mozambique ǡǡ 480 Low ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 30.1 – – – – – Myanmar ǡǡ ǡg Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 19.9 10.8 . 3.1 14.2 7.1 Namibia ǡǡ ǡ Middle 731 30.4 – – – – – Nepal ǡǡ 730 Low ǡe ǡ ǡǡ . – – – – – Netherlands ǡǡ ǡ High e – 3.8 38 21.4 29.8 9.2 . New Zealand ǡǡ ǡ High 327 – 7.8 . . . . . Niger ǡǡ 370 Low 978 ǡ ǡǡ . – – – – – Nigeria ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 21.4 – – – – – Norway ǡǡ ǡ High 143 – 2.7 . 17 8.9 11.9 . Oman ǡǡ ǡg High 713 – . . 3.9 0.7 . 8.1 Pakistan ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡe ǡ ǡǡ 14.3 – – – – – Panama ǡǡ ǡ Middle 440 – 14.3 32.3 4.4 . 40 . Papua New Guinea ǡǡ ǡg Middle ǡ ǡ 14.2 . – – . 0 Paraguay ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 22.7 . . 0.2 . 8.7 Peru ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ . . . 0.2 8.1 . Philippines ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡe ǡ – 12.3 0.3 4.7 0.1 1 93.9 Poland ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ – 9.7 . 11.2 9 28.7 4.3 Portugal ǡǡ ǡ High – 7.4 . 18.3 . 21.8 . Qatar ǡǡ ǡg High 178 239 – 9.3 48.3 2.2 2.8 32 . 309 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area General information Road traffic deaths Road traffic deaths Road user death (%) Population numbers for 2016a GNI per capita for 2016 in US dollarsb Income levelc Reported number of road traffic deaths Modelled number of road traffic deathsd Estimated road traffic death rate per 100 000 populationd Drivers/Passengers of 4-wheeled vehicles Drivers / Passengers of 2- or 3- wheelers Cyclists Pedestrians Other or unspecified users Point estimate 95% Confidence Interval Malawi ǡǡ 320 Low ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 31 31.1 3.2 . 0.1 Malaysia ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ . – – – – – Maldives ǡ ǡ Middle 4 4 – 0.9 0 0 0 Mali ǡǡ Low ǡ ǡǡ 23.1 27.9 42.3 2.4 . . Malta ǡ ǡ High 22 – . 18.2 40.9 . 27.3 9.1 Mauritania ǡǡ ǡ Middle 184 ǡ ǡ 24.7 – – – – – Mauritius ǡǡ ǡ Middle 144 173 – 13.7 . . . . 0 Mexico ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡe ǡ – 13.1 18.4h . 1.1 . 42.4 Micronesia (Federated States of) ǡ ǡ Middle 2 2 – 1.9 0 0 0 Mongolia ǡǡ ǡ Middle 484 499 . 39.3 . 1.2 28.7 12.2 Montenegro ǡ ǡ Middle – 10.7 . . . 13.8 . Morocco ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ . 31.2 28.7 . . 7.9 Mozambique ǡǡ 480 Low ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 30.1 – – – – – Myanmar ǡǡ ǡg Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 19.9 10.8 . 3.1 14.2 7.1 Namibia ǡǡ ǡ Middle 731 30.4 – – – – – Nepal ǡǡ 730 Low ǡe ǡ ǡǡ . – – – – – Netherlands ǡǡ ǡ High e – 3.8 38 21.4 29.8 9.2 . New Zealand ǡǡ ǡ High 327 – 7.8 . . . . . Niger ǡǡ 370 Low 978 ǡ ǡǡ . – – – – – Nigeria ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 21.4 – – – – – Norway ǡǡ ǡ High 143 – 2.7 . 17 8.9 11.9 . Oman ǡǡ ǡg High 713 – . . 3.9 0.7 . 8.1 Pakistan ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡe ǡ ǡǡ 14.3 – – – – – Panama ǡǡ ǡ Middle 440 – 14.3 32.3 4.4 . 40 . Papua New Guinea ǡǡ ǡg Middle ǡ ǡ 14.2 . – – . 0 Paraguay ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 22.7 . . 0.2 . 8.7 Peru ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ . . . 0.2 8.1 . Philippines ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡe ǡ – 12.3 0.3 4.7 0.1 1 93.9 Poland ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ – 9.7 . 11.2 9 28.7 4.3 Portugal ǡǡ ǡ High – 7.4 . 18.3 . 21.8 . Qatar ǡǡ ǡg High 178 239 – 9.3 48.3 2.2 2.8 32 . 310 Country / Area General information Road traffic deaths Road traffic deaths Road user death (%) Population numbers for 2016a GNI per capita for 2016 in US dollarsb Income levelc Reported number of road traffic deaths Modelled number of road traffic deathsd Estimated road traffic death rate per 100 000 populationd Drivers/Passengers of 4-wheeled vehicles Drivers / Passengers of 2- or 3- wheelers Cyclists Pedestrians Other or unspecified users Point estimate 95% Confidence Interval Republic of Korea ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ – 9.8 – . . 39.9 33.7 Republic of Moldova ǡǡ ǡ Middle 394 – 9.7 . 4.3 1.4 . . Romania ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 10.3 . 4.4 9 37.2 3.3 Russian Federation ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 18 . . 2 29.2 . Rwanda ǡǡ 700 Low ǡ ǡǡ 29.7 – – – – – Saint Lucia ǡ ǡ Middle – . . 20 13.3 13.3 . Samoa ǡ ǡ Middle 17e 22 11.3 41.2 0 . 47.1 . San Marino ǡ ǡg High 0 0 – 0 – – – – – Sao Tome and Principe ǡ ǡ Middle 23 . – – – – – Saudi Arabia ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 28.8 – – – – – Senegal ǡǡ Low ǡ ǡǡ 23.4 – – – – – Serbia ǡǡ ǡ Middle – 7.4 . 8.7 9.4 23.1 . Seychelles ǡ ǡ High – . . 20 . 20 . Singapore ǡǡ ǡ High 141 – 2.8 7.8 44 14.2 33.3 0.7 Slovakia ǡǡ ǡ High 330 – . . 8.7 . 29.1 4.4 Slovenia ǡǡ ǡ High 130 134 – . . 19.2 10 . . Solomon Islands ǡ ǡ Middle 11 104 17.4 – – – – – Somalia ǡǡ – Low ǡ ǡǡ 27.1 – – – – – South Africa ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – . 44.9 0.3 3.2 38.4 13.1 South Sudan ǡǡ 820g Low 130 ǡ ǡǡ 29.9 – – – – – Spain ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ – 4.1 . 21.9 3.7 . . Sri Lanka ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 14.9 . . 8.1 29.2 . Sudan ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ . . 71.4 Suriname ǡ ǡ Middle 74 81 – . 33.8 . 4.1 14.9 1.4 Sweden ǡǡ ǡ High 270 278 – 2.8 . . 8.1 . . Switzerland ǡǡ ǡ High 223 – 2.7 34.7 22.7 . 23.1 4.2 Syrian Arab Republic ǡǡ ǡg Middle 714 ǡ ǡǡ . 18.8 . . . 4.2 Tajikistan ǡǡ ǡ Middle 427 ǡ ǡǡ 18.1 .h – 2.3 40.3 0 Thailand ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 32.7 12.3 74.4 . . 2.3 The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia ǡǡ ǡ Middle 148 e 134 – . . . . 33.1 4.7 Timor-Leste ǡǡ ǡg Middle 71 138 - 184 12.7 – – – – – 311 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area General information Road traffic deaths Road traffic deaths Road user death (%) Population numbers for 2016a GNI per capita for 2016 in US dollarsb Income levelc Reported number of road traffic deaths Modelled number of road traffic deathsd Estimated road traffic death rate per 100 000 populationd Drivers/Passengers of 4-wheeled vehicles Drivers / Passengers of 2- or 3- wheelers Cyclists Pedestrians Other or unspecified users Point estimate 95% Confidence Interval Republic of Korea ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ – 9.8 – . . 39.9 33.7 Republic of Moldova ǡǡ ǡ Middle 394 – 9.7 . 4.3 1.4 . . Romania ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 10.3 . 4.4 9 37.2 3.3 Russian Federation ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 18 . . 2 29.2 . Rwanda ǡǡ 700 Low ǡ ǡǡ 29.7 – – – – – Saint Lucia ǡ ǡ Middle – . . 20 13.3 13.3 . Samoa ǡ ǡ Middle 17e 22 11.3 41.2 0 . 47.1 . San Marino ǡ ǡg High 0 0 – 0 – – – – – Sao Tome and Principe ǡ ǡ Middle 23 . – – – – – Saudi Arabia ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 28.8 – – – – – Senegal ǡǡ Low ǡ ǡǡ 23.4 – – – – – Serbia ǡǡ ǡ Middle – 7.4 . 8.7 9.4 23.1 . Seychelles ǡ ǡ High – . . 20 . 20 . Singapore ǡǡ ǡ High 141 – 2.8 7.8 44 14.2 33.3 0.7 Slovakia ǡǡ ǡ High 330 – . . 8.7 . 29.1 4.4 Slovenia ǡǡ ǡ High 130 134 – . . 19.2 10 . . Solomon Islands ǡ ǡ Middle 11 104 17.4 – – – – – Somalia ǡǡ – Low ǡ ǡǡ 27.1 – – – – – South Africa ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – . 44.9 0.3 3.2 38.4 13.1 South Sudan ǡǡ 820g Low 130 ǡ ǡǡ 29.9 – – – – – Spain ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ – 4.1 . 21.9 3.7 . . Sri Lanka ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 14.9 . . 8.1 29.2 . Sudan ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ . . 71.4 Suriname ǡ ǡ Middle 74 81 – . 33.8 . 4.1 14.9 1.4 Sweden ǡǡ ǡ High 270 278 – 2.8 . . 8.1 . . Switzerland ǡǡ ǡ High 223 – 2.7 34.7 22.7 . 23.1 4.2 Syrian Arab Republic ǡǡ ǡg Middle 714 ǡ ǡǡ . 18.8 . . . 4.2 Tajikistan ǡǡ ǡ Middle 427 ǡ ǡǡ 18.1 .h – 2.3 40.3 0 Thailand ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 32.7 12.3 74.4 . . 2.3 The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia ǡǡ ǡ Middle 148 e 134 – . . . . 33.1 4.7 Timor-Leste ǡǡ ǡg Middle 71 138 - 184 12.7 – – – – – 312 Country / Area General information Road traffic deaths Road traffic deaths Road user death (%) Population numbers for 2016a GNI per capita for 2016 in US dollarsb Income levelc Reported number of road traffic deaths Modelled number of road traffic deathsd Estimated road traffic death rate per 100 000 populationd Drivers/Passengers of 4-wheeled vehicles Drivers / Passengers of 2- or 3- wheelers Cyclists Pedestrians Other or unspecified users Point estimate 95% Confidence Interval Togo ǡǡ Low ǡ ǡǡ 29.2 17.3 . – – 11.1 Tonga ǡ ǡ Middle 18 18 – . . 0 0 27.8 . Trinidad and Tobago ǡǡ ǡ High – 12.1 . 2.2 0.7 31.1 8.1 Tunisia ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 22.8 49.3h 22.9 . . 0.7 Turkey ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 12.3 21.7 14.9 1.9 23.4 38 Turkmenistan ǡǡ ǡ Middle 823 . Uganda ǡǡ Low ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 29 21.3 33.4 . . 0 Ukraine ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 13.7 34 8.7 7.1 41.9 8.4 United Arab Emirates ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡǡ 18.1 . . . 24.3 14.2 United Kingdom ǡǡ ǡ High ǡe ǡ – 3.1 . . . 23.7 4.1 United Republic of Tanzania ǡǡ 900 Low ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 29.2 . 22.7 8 29.9 0.8 United States of America ǡǡ ǡ High ǡe ǡ – 12.4 . 14.2 2.3 . 4.2 Uruguay ǡǡ ǡ High – 13.4 30.7 . 7 . 0 Uzbekistan ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – . – – – – – Vanuatu ǡ ǡg Middle 9 43 39 - 48 . – – – – – Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) ǡǡ ǡ g Middle ǡe ǡ – 33.7 – – – – – Viet Nam ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ . – – – – – West Bank and Gaza Strip ǡǡ ǡ Middle 189 - 333 . . . 1.9 32.7 10.7 Zimbabwe ǡǡ 940 Low ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 34.7 . 10.2 12.2 13.7 37.2 313 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area General information Road traffic deaths Road traffic deaths Road user death (%) Population numbers for 2016a GNI per capita for 2016 in US dollarsb Income levelc Reported number of road traffic deaths Modelled number of road traffic deathsd Estimated road traffic death rate per 100 000 populationd Drivers/Passengers of 4-wheeled vehicles Drivers / Passengers of 2- or 3- wheelers Cyclists Pedestrians Other or unspecified users Point estimate 95% Confidence Interval Togo ǡǡ Low ǡ ǡǡ 29.2 17.3 . – – 11.1 Tonga ǡ ǡ Middle 18 18 – . . 0 0 27.8 . Trinidad and Tobago ǡǡ ǡ High – 12.1 . 2.2 0.7 31.1 8.1 Tunisia ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 22.8 49.3h 22.9 . . 0.7 Turkey ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 12.3 21.7 14.9 1.9 23.4 38 Turkmenistan ǡǡ ǡ Middle 823 . Uganda ǡǡ Low ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 29 21.3 33.4 . . 0 Ukraine ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 13.7 34 8.7 7.1 41.9 8.4 United Arab Emirates ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡǡ 18.1 . . . 24.3 14.2 United Kingdom ǡǡ ǡ High ǡe ǡ – 3.1 . . . 23.7 4.1 United Republic of Tanzania ǡǡ 900 Low ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 29.2 . 22.7 8 29.9 0.8 United States of America ǡǡ ǡ High ǡe ǡ – 12.4 . 14.2 2.3 . 4.2 Uruguay ǡǡ ǡ High – 13.4 30.7 . 7 . 0 Uzbekistan ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – . – – – – – Vanuatu ǡ ǡg Middle 9 43 39 - 48 . – – – – – Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) ǡǡ ǡ g Middle ǡe ǡ – 33.7 – – – – – Viet Nam ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ . – – – – – West Bank and Gaza Strip ǡǡ ǡ Middle 189 - 333 . . . 1.9 32.7 10.7 Zimbabwe ǡǡ 940 Low ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 34.7 . 10.2 12.2 13.7 37.2 a Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat (June 2017). World population Prospects: The 2017 Revision, Highlights. New York: United Nations. b )roUU0ational+ncoOe )0+ percapitaiUthedollarvalueofacountryŨUfinalincoOeinayeardividedDyitUpopulationuUinI#tlaUOethodoloIy.&atafroO World Development Indicators database, World Bank, November 2017. http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD/countries. c 9orld&evelopOent+ndicatorUdataDaUe:.owincoOeiUorleUUOiddleincoOeiUtohiIhincoOeiUorOore. d Modelled using negative binomial regression (see preamble on page 289). Data from countries with good vital registration and countries with a population of leUUthanwerenotincludedintheOodel. e datanotavailaDle. f (roO,an1ct g Drivers and passengers (all vehicles) h Data for Libreville 314 TABLE A3: POST-CRASH RESPONSE BY COUNTRY / AREA Country / Area Universal access telephone number Trauma registry National assessment of emergency care system Provider training and certification Estimated % road traffic crash victims with permanent disability Prehospital providers Nurses Specialist doctors Formal certification pathway Post graduate courses in emergency and trauma care Emergency medicine Trauma surgery Afghanistan National, single number None No No No Yes Yes Albania National, single number Subnational No Yes Yes Yes No Angola National, multiple numbers National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Antigua and Barbuda National, single number – No No No No No Argentina Partial coverage Some facilities No – – – – Armenia National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Australia National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes No Austria National, single number National No Yes No Yes Yes Azerbaijan National, single number National No No No Yes Yes 3 Bangladesh Partial coverage None No No No Yes Yes 2.4 Barbados National, multiple numbers National No Yes No Yes Yes Belarus National, single number None No No No Yes Yes Belgium National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes a Belize National, single number None No No No No No Benin National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Bhutan National, single number None No Yes No Yes Yes Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Partial coverage Subnational No No Yes Yes No Bosnia and Herzegovina National, single number None Yes Yes No Yes Yes Botswana National, multiple numbers None No – Yes Yes No Brazil National, single number None No No Yes Yes Yes . Bulgaria National, single number None No Yes Yes Yes Yes Burkina Faso National, single number Some facilities Yes No – – No Burundi None National No No No No Yes Cabo Verde National, multiple numbers Some facilities No No No – – Cambodia National, multiple numbers National No No Yes Yes Yes Cameroon National, single number Some facilities Yes No No No No Canada Partial coverage Subnational No – Yes Yes Yes Central African Republic – Some facilities No – Yes – – Chad – Some facilities No Yes No No Yes Chile National, single number National No No Yes Yes Yes China National, single number National Yes Yes No No No Colombia Partial coverage National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Comoros None None No No No No No Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Universal access telephone number Trauma registry National assessment of emergency care system Provider training and certification Estimated % road traffic crash victims with permanent disability Prehospital providers Nurses Specialist doctors Formal certification pathway Post graduate courses in emergency and trauma care Emergency medicine Trauma surgery Afghanistan National, single number None No No No Yes Yes Albania National, single number Subnational No Yes Yes Yes No Angola National, multiple numbers National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Antigua and Barbuda National, single number – No No No No No Argentina Partial coverage Some facilities No – – – – Armenia National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Australia National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes No Austria National, single number National No Yes No Yes Yes Azerbaijan National, single number National No No No Yes Yes 3 Bangladesh Partial coverage None No No No Yes Yes 2.4 Barbados National, multiple numbers National No Yes No Yes Yes Belarus National, single number None No No No Yes Yes Belgium National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes a Belize National, single number None No No No No No Benin National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Bhutan National, single number None No Yes No Yes Yes Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Partial coverage Subnational No No Yes Yes No Bosnia and Herzegovina National, single number None Yes Yes No Yes Yes Botswana National, multiple numbers None No – Yes Yes No Brazil National, single number None No No Yes Yes Yes . Bulgaria National, single number None No Yes Yes Yes Yes Burkina Faso National, single number Some facilities Yes No – – No Burundi None National No No No No Yes Cabo Verde National, multiple numbers Some facilities No No No – – Cambodia National, multiple numbers National No No Yes Yes Yes Cameroon National, single number Some facilities Yes No No No No Canada Partial coverage Subnational No – Yes Yes Yes Central African Republic – Some facilities No – Yes – – Chad – Some facilities No Yes No No Yes Chile National, single number National No No Yes Yes Yes China National, single number National Yes Yes No No No Colombia Partial coverage National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Comoros None None No No No No No Country / Area Universal access telephone number Trauma registry National assessment of emergency care system Provider training and certification Estimated % road traffic crash victims with permanent disability Prehospital providers Nurses Specialist doctors Formal certification pathway Post graduate courses in emergency and trauma care Emergency medicine Trauma surgery Congo Partial coverage None No No No No No Cook Islands National, single number National No No No No No Costa Rica National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Côte d’Ivoire Partial coverage Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Croatia National, single number None No Yes No Yes Yes Cuba National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Cyprus National, multiple numbers Subnational Yes Yes Yes No No Czechia National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Democratic Republic of the Congo Partial coverage Some facilities Yes No No No Yes 40 Denmark National, single number National Yes – Yes No No Dominica National, single number None No No No No No Dominican Republic Partial coverage National Yes Yes No Yes No Ecuador National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Egypt National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes No El Salvador National, multiple numbers National Yes No No No No Equatorial Guinea National, multiple numbers National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Eritrea Partial coverage Some facilities No No No No No Estonia National, single number None No No Yes Yes Yes Eswatini National, multiple numbers None No Yes No No No Ethiopia National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Fiji National, multiple numbers None No No No Yes No Finland National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 France National, single number Subnational No – – – – 0.8 Gabon Partial coverage Some facilities No Yes No Yes No Gambia None Subnational No No No No No Georgia National, single number None No Yes No Yes Yes Germany National, single number Some facilities Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Ghana National, single number Some facilities Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Greece National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes No No Grenada National, single number None No No No No No Guatemala National, multiple numbers Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Guinea None Subnational No No No No No 317 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Universal access telephone number Trauma registry National assessment of emergency care system Provider training and certification Estimated % road traffic crash victims with permanent disability Prehospital providers Nurses Specialist doctors Formal certification pathway Post graduate courses in emergency and trauma care Emergency medicine Trauma surgery Congo Partial coverage None No No No No No Cook Islands National, single number National No No No No No Costa Rica National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Côte d’Ivoire Partial coverage Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Croatia National, single number None No Yes No Yes Yes Cuba National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Cyprus National, multiple numbers Subnational Yes Yes Yes No No Czechia National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Democratic Republic of the Congo Partial coverage Some facilities Yes No No No Yes 40 Denmark National, single number National Yes – Yes No No Dominica National, single number None No No No No No Dominican Republic Partial coverage National Yes Yes No Yes No Ecuador National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Egypt National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes No El Salvador National, multiple numbers National Yes No No No No Equatorial Guinea National, multiple numbers National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Eritrea Partial coverage Some facilities No No No No No Estonia National, single number None No No Yes Yes Yes Eswatini National, multiple numbers None No Yes No No No Ethiopia National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Fiji National, multiple numbers None No No No Yes No Finland National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 France National, single number Subnational No – – – – 0.8 Gabon Partial coverage Some facilities No Yes No Yes No Gambia None Subnational No No No No No Georgia National, single number None No Yes No Yes Yes Germany National, single number Some facilities Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Ghana National, single number Some facilities Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Greece National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes No No Grenada National, single number None No No No No No Guatemala National, multiple numbers Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Guinea None Subnational No No No No No 318 Country / Area Universal access telephone number Trauma registry National assessment of emergency care system Provider training and certification Estimated % road traffic crash victims with permanent disability Prehospital providers Nurses Specialist doctors Formal certification pathway Post graduate courses in emergency and trauma care Emergency medicine Trauma surgery Guinea-Bissau National, single number Some facilities No No No No No Guyana Partial coverage None No Yes Yes Yes No Honduras National, single number Some facilities No Yes – – – Hungary National, single number None No Yes Yes Yes Yes Iceland National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes No India Partial coverage Some facilities No Yes No Yes Yes Indonesia Partial coverage None No Yes Yes Yes Yes Iran (Islamic Republic of) National, single number Subnational Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes . Iraq National, single number Some facilities Yes Yes No Yes Yes Ireland National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes No Israel National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Italy National, single number Subnational No Yes No Yes Yes . Jamaica National, single number Some facilities No No Yes Yes No 1.7 Japan National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Jordan National, single number None No Yes Yes Yes Yes Kazakhstan National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Kenya National, single number Some facilities No No Yes No No Kiribati National, multiple numbers National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Kuwait National, single number None No Yes Yes Yes No Kyrgyzstan National, single number None Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Lao People’s Democratic Republic Partial coverage None No Yes Yes Yes Yes Latvia National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Lebanon National, multiple numbers None No No Yes Yes Yes Lesotho None None No Yes No No No Liberia National, single number None No – No No No Libya National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Lithuania National, single number National No No Yes Yes Yes Luxembourg National, single number Some facilities No No Yes No No Madagascar None None No No Yes Yes Yes Malawi Partial coverage Some facilities No No No No No Malaysia National, single number None No Yes Yes Yes Yes Maldives Partial coverage None No No No No No 319 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Universal access telephone number Trauma registry National assessment of emergency care system Provider training and certification Estimated % road traffic crash victims with permanent disability Prehospital providers Nurses Specialist doctors Formal certification pathway Post graduate courses in emergency and trauma care Emergency medicine Trauma surgery Guinea-Bissau National, single number Some facilities No No No No No Guyana Partial coverage None No Yes Yes Yes No Honduras National, single number Some facilities No Yes – – – Hungary National, single number None No Yes Yes Yes Yes Iceland National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes No India Partial coverage Some facilities No Yes No Yes Yes Indonesia Partial coverage None No Yes Yes Yes Yes Iran (Islamic Republic of) National, single number Subnational Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes . Iraq National, single number Some facilities Yes Yes No Yes Yes Ireland National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes No Israel National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Italy National, single number Subnational No Yes No Yes Yes . Jamaica National, single number Some facilities No No Yes Yes No 1.7 Japan National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Jordan National, single number None No Yes Yes Yes Yes Kazakhstan National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Kenya National, single number Some facilities No No Yes No No Kiribati National, multiple numbers National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Kuwait National, single number None No Yes Yes Yes No Kyrgyzstan National, single number None Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Lao People’s Democratic Republic Partial coverage None No Yes Yes Yes Yes Latvia National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Lebanon National, multiple numbers None No No Yes Yes Yes Lesotho None None No Yes No No No Liberia National, single number None No – No No No Libya National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Lithuania National, single number National No No Yes Yes Yes Luxembourg National, single number Some facilities No No Yes No No Madagascar None None No No Yes Yes Yes Malawi Partial coverage Some facilities No No No No No Malaysia National, single number None No Yes Yes Yes Yes Maldives Partial coverage None No No No No No 320 Country / Area Universal access telephone number Trauma registry National assessment of emergency care system Provider training and certification Estimated % road traffic crash victims with permanent disability Prehospital providers Nurses Specialist doctors Formal certification pathway Post graduate courses in emergency and trauma care Emergency medicine Trauma surgery Mali Partial coverage Some facilities No No No No No Malta National, single number National Yes Yes No Yes Yes Mauritania – None No No No No No Mauritius National, single number Subnational Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Mexico National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes . Micronesia (Federated States of) National, multiple numbers None No No No – – Mongolia National, single number National No No Yes Yes Yes Montenegro National, single number National Yes Yes No Yes Yes Morocco National, single number None No No No Yes Yes Mozambique National, multiple numbers Some facilities No No No Yes No Myanmar National, multiple numbers National No No Yes Yes Yes Namibia National, multiple numbers National Yes Yes – No No 18 Nepal Partial coverage Some facilities No No No No No Netherlands National, single number National No No Yes Yes Yes 4 - 7 New Zealand National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes No Niger National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes No No Nigeria National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Norway National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Oman National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Pakistan National, multiple numbers Subnational No No No No No Panama National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes No Papua New Guinea Partial coverage Some facilities No Yes No Yes Yes Paraguay National, single number National No No No Yes Yes Peru Partial coverage National No No Yes Yes Yes 3.1 Philippines National, single number National No No Yes Yes Yes Poland National, single number None No No Yes Yes Yes Portugal National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes No Qatar National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 1 Republic of Korea National, single number Subnational Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Republic of Moldova National, multiple numbers Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Romania National, single number None Yes Yes Yes Yes No 21 Russian Federation National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes 321 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Universal access telephone number Trauma registry National assessment of emergency care system Provider training and certification Estimated % road traffic crash victims with permanent disability Prehospital providers Nurses Specialist doctors Formal certification pathway Post graduate courses in emergency and trauma care Emergency medicine Trauma surgery Mali Partial coverage Some facilities No No No No No Malta National, single number National Yes Yes No Yes Yes Mauritania – None No No No No No Mauritius National, single number Subnational Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Mexico National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes . Micronesia (Federated States of) National, multiple numbers None No No No – – Mongolia National, single number National No No Yes Yes Yes Montenegro National, single number National Yes Yes No Yes Yes Morocco National, single number None No No No Yes Yes Mozambique National, multiple numbers Some facilities No No No Yes No Myanmar National, multiple numbers National No No Yes Yes Yes Namibia National, multiple numbers National Yes Yes – No No 18 Nepal Partial coverage Some facilities No No No No No Netherlands National, single number National No No Yes Yes Yes 4 - 7 New Zealand National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes No Niger National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes No No Nigeria National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Norway National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Oman National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Pakistan National, multiple numbers Subnational No No No No No Panama National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes No Papua New Guinea Partial coverage Some facilities No Yes No Yes Yes Paraguay National, single number National No No No Yes Yes Peru Partial coverage National No No Yes Yes Yes 3.1 Philippines National, single number National No No Yes Yes Yes Poland National, single number None No No Yes Yes Yes Portugal National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes No Qatar National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 1 Republic of Korea National, single number Subnational Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Republic of Moldova National, multiple numbers Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Romania National, single number None Yes Yes Yes Yes No 21 Russian Federation National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes 322 Country / Area Universal access telephone number Trauma registry National assessment of emergency care system Provider training and certification Estimated % road traffic crash victims with permanent disability Prehospital providers Nurses Specialist doctors Formal certification pathway Post graduate courses in emergency and trauma care Emergency medicine Trauma surgery Rwanda National, single number None No – – – – Saint Lucia National, single number – No Yes No No No Samoa National, multiple numbers None No No No No No San Marino National, multiple numbers None Yes Yes Yes No No Sao Tome and Principe National, single number National No No No No No Saudi Arabia National, single number Subnational No Yes Yes Yes Yes Senegal Partial coverage Some facilities No No No Yes Yes Serbia National, multiple numbers Some facilities Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Seychelles National, single number None No Yes No No No Singapore National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Slovakia National, single number None No Yes Yes Yes Yes Slovenia National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Solomon Islands National, single number Some facilities No No No Yes No Somalia None None No No No No No South Africa National, multiple numbers National No Yes Yes Yes Yes South Sudan National, single number Some facilities No No No No No Spain National, single number Some facilities No Yes No No Yes ./ǡinhaDitantU Sri Lanka Partial coverage Some facilities No No No Yes Yes Sudan National, multiple numbers Subnational No No No Yes No 19 Suriname Partial coverage Some facilities No No No Yes No Sweden National, single number National No No Yes Yes No 17 Switzerland National, single number National No No Yes Yes Yes Syrian Arab Republic Partial coverage Subnational No Yes Yes Yes Yes Tajikistan National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Thailand National, single number Some facilities Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes .b The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes . Timor-Leste National, single number National No Yes Yes No Yes Togo National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes 47 Tonga National, multiple numbers None No No No No No Trinidad and Tobago National, multiple numbers Some facilities No No Yes Yes No Tunisia National, multiple numbers None Yes No Yes Yes Yes Turkey National, single number Some facilities Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 323 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Universal access telephone number Trauma registry National assessment of emergency care system Provider training and certification Estimated % road traffic crash victims with permanent disability Prehospital providers Nurses Specialist doctors Formal certification pathway Post graduate courses in emergency and trauma care Emergency medicine Trauma surgery Rwanda National, single number None No – – – – Saint Lucia National, single number – No Yes No No No Samoa National, multiple numbers None No No No No No San Marino National, multiple numbers None Yes Yes Yes No No Sao Tome and Principe National, single number National No No No No No Saudi Arabia National, single number Subnational No Yes Yes Yes Yes Senegal Partial coverage Some facilities No No No Yes Yes Serbia National, multiple numbers Some facilities Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Seychelles National, single number None No Yes No No No Singapore National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Slovakia National, single number None No Yes Yes Yes Yes Slovenia National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Solomon Islands National, single number Some facilities No No No Yes No Somalia None None No No No No No South Africa National, multiple numbers National No Yes Yes Yes Yes South Sudan National, single number Some facilities No No No No No Spain National, single number Some facilities No Yes No No Yes ./ǡinhaDitantU Sri Lanka Partial coverage Some facilities No No No Yes Yes Sudan National, multiple numbers Subnational No No No Yes No 19 Suriname Partial coverage Some facilities No No No Yes No Sweden National, single number National No No Yes Yes No 17 Switzerland National, single number National No No Yes Yes Yes Syrian Arab Republic Partial coverage Subnational No Yes Yes Yes Yes Tajikistan National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Thailand National, single number Some facilities Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes .b The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes . Timor-Leste National, single number National No Yes Yes No Yes Togo National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes 47 Tonga National, multiple numbers None No No No No No Trinidad and Tobago National, multiple numbers Some facilities No No Yes Yes No Tunisia National, multiple numbers None Yes No Yes Yes Yes Turkey National, single number Some facilities Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 324 Country / Area Universal access telephone number Trauma registry National assessment of emergency care system Provider training and certification Estimated % road traffic crash victims with permanent disability Prehospital providers Nurses Specialist doctors Formal certification pathway Post graduate courses in emergency and trauma care Emergency medicine Trauma surgery Turkmenistan National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Uganda National, multiple numbers Some facilities Yes No No Yes No 2.8 Ukraine National, single number None No Yes Yes Yes No United Arab Emirates National, single number Subnational No Yes No Yes No United Kingdom National, single number Subnational No Yes Yes Yes Yes United Republic of Tanzania None Subnational No No Yes Yes Yes United States of America National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Uruguay National, single number National No No No Yes Yes Uzbekistan National, single number – Vanuatu National, single number National No No Yes No No Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Viet Nam Partial coverage National No No Yes Yes Yes West Bank and Gaza Strip National, single number None No No Yes Yes Yes 1 Zimbabwe National, multiple numbers None No Yes No No No 7.1 a ofallhoUpitali\ed/#+5 victiOUincuralonIterOdiUaDilityaUareUultofthecraUh b .ofadOittedpatientUeUtiOated Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Universal access telephone number Trauma registry National assessment of emergency care system Provider training and certification Estimated % road traffic crash victims with permanent disability Prehospital providers Nurses Specialist doctors Formal certification pathway Post graduate courses in emergency and trauma care Emergency medicine Trauma surgery Turkmenistan National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Uganda National, multiple numbers Some facilities Yes No No Yes No 2.8 Ukraine National, single number None No Yes Yes Yes No United Arab Emirates National, single number Subnational No Yes No Yes No United Kingdom National, single number Subnational No Yes Yes Yes Yes United Republic of Tanzania None Subnational No No Yes Yes Yes United States of America National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Uruguay National, single number National No No No Yes Yes Uzbekistan National, single number – Vanuatu National, single number National No No Yes No No Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Viet Nam Partial coverage National No No Yes Yes Yes West Bank and Gaza Strip National, single number None No No Yes Yes Yes 1 Zimbabwe National, multiple numbers None No Yes No No No 7.1 326 TABLE A4: SPEED LAWS AND ENFORCEMENT BY COUNTRY / AREA Country / Area National speed limit law Types of modifications allowed Maximum default speed limits (km/h) Enforcement Predominant type of enforcementUrban Rural Motorways Afghanistan Yes No 90 km/ha 90 km/ha 90 km/ha 4 — Albania Yes Yes 40 km/h 80 km/h 110 km/h 4 Manual and automated Angola Yes No 60 km/h 90 km/h 120 km/h 5 Manual Antigua and Barbuda Yes No 32 km/hb 64 km/h No 5 Manual Argentina Yes Yes 60 km/h 110 km/h 130 km/h 5 Manual and automated Armenia Yes No 90 km/hc 90 km/h 110 km/h 8 Automated Australia Yes Yes 50 km/h 100 - 130 km/h 100 - 130 km/h 8 Manual and automated Austria Yes Yes 50 km/h 100 km/h 130 km/h Automated Azerbaijan Yes No 60 km/h 90 km/h 110 km/h 8 Automated Bangladesh Yes No 112 km/hd 112 km/hd 112 km/hd 5 Manual Barbados Yes No 80 km/he 80 km/he 80 km/he 4 Manual Belarus Yes No 60 km/h 90 km/h 110 km/h 7 Manual and automated Belgium Yes Yes 50 km/h 90 km/hf 120 km/h 7 Manual and automated Belize Yes No ~ 40 km/h ~ 88 km/h ~ 88 km/h 4 Manual Benin No No — — — — — Bhutan Yes No 30 km/h 50 km/h 50 km/h 6 Manual Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Yes Yes 40 km/h g 80 km/hg 80 km/h 3 Manual Bosnia and Herzegovina Yes No 50 km/hh 80 km/h 130 km/h 6 Manual and automated Botswana Yes Yes 60 km/h 80 km/h 120 km/h 8 Manual Brazil Yes Yes 80 km/hh 60 km/hi 110 km/h 6 Automated Bulgaria Yes No 50 km/h 90 km/h 140 km/h 6 Automated Burkina Faso Yes Yes 50 km/h 90 km/h No 7 Manual Burundi Yes Yes 50 km/h 100 km/h 100 km/h 0 Manual Cabo Verde Yes Yes 50 km/h 90 km/h 120 km/h 5 Manual Cambodia Yes No 40 km/h 90 km/h 100 km/h 5 Manual Cameroon Yes Yes 60 km/h 110 km/h No 5 Manual Canada Yes Yes 50 km/h 50 - 100 km/h 80 - 100 km/h 4 Manual Central African Republic Yes Yes 60 km/h 110 km/h No — — 327 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area National speed limit law Types of modifications allowed Maximum default speed limits (km/h) Enforcement Predominant type of enforcementUrban Rural Motorways Chad Yes Yes 60 km/h 110 km/h No 3 — Chile Yes Yes 60 km/hj 100 km/h 120 km/h 5 Manual China Yes Yes 50 km/h 70 km/h 120 km/h 8 Automated Colombia Yes Yes 80 km/h 120 km/h 120 km/h 5 Manual and automated Comoros Yesk — — — — 3 Manual Congo Yes Yes 60 km/h 110 km/h No 4 — Cook Islands Yes No 50 km/hl 50 km/hl 50 km/hl 6 Manual Costa Rica Yes No 50 km/h 60 km/h No 4 Manual Côte d’Ivoire Yes No 60 km/h 110 km/h 120 km/h 5 Manual Croatia Yes Yes 50 km/hm 90 km/h 130 km/h 7 Manual and automated Cuba Yes No 50 km/h 90 km/h 100 km/h 7 Manual Cyprus Yes Yes 65 km/h No 100 km/h 6 Manual Czechia Yes Yes 50 km/hm 90 km/h 130 km/h 5 Manual Democratic Republic of the Congo Yes No 60 km/h n 90 km/h 120 km/h 3 — Denmark Yes Yeso 50 km/h 80 km/h 130 km/h — Automated Dominica No No — — — — — Dominican Republic Yes No 60 km/h 60 km/h 120 km/h 6 Manual Ecuador Yes Yes 60 km/h 120 km/h 135 km/h 7 Manual and automated Egypt Yes Yes 60 km/h 90 km/h 100 km/h 8 Manual and automated El Salvador Yes No 50 km/h 90 km/h No 6 Manual Equatorial Guinea Yes Yes 60 km/h 110 km/h No 0 — Eritrea Yes No 60 km/h 100 km/h No 6 Manual Estonia Yes Yes 50 km/hp 90 km/h Noq 7 Automated Eswatini Yes Yes 100 km/hr 100 km/hr 100 km/hr 6 Manual Ethiopia Yes Yes 60 km/h 70 km/h 100 km/h 2 Manual Fiji Yes No 50 km/h 80 km/h —q 7 Manual and automated Finland Yes Yes 50 km/h 80 km/h 120 km/h 8 Manual and automated France Yes Yes 50 km/h 90 km/h 130 km/h 8 Automated Gabon Yes Yes 60 km/h 110 km/h No 1 — 328 Country / Area National speed limit law Types of modifications allowed Maximum default speed limits (km/h) Enforcement Predominant type of enforcementUrban Rural Motorways Gambia Yes Yes No No No 3 Manual Georgia Yes No 60 km/h 90 km/h 110 km/h 6 Automated Germany Yes Yes 50 km/h 100 km/h Nos — — Ghana Yes No 50 km/h 90 km/h 100 km/h 4 Manual Greece Yes Yes 50 km/h 90 km/h 130 km/h 3 Manual Grenada Yes No ~ 32 km/h ~ 64 km/h No 6 Manual Guatemala Yes Yes 60 km/h 80 km/h 100 km/h 4 Manual Guinea No — — — — — Manual Guinea-Bissau Yes No 50 km/h 80 km/h 100 km/h 1 Manual Guyana Yest No 64 km/h 64 km/h No 7 Manual Honduras Yesu No — — — 6 Manual Hungary Yes Yes 50 km/h 90 km/h 130 km/h 6 Manual and automated Iceland Yes No 50 km/h 90 km/h 100 km/h 7 Automated India Yes Yes 100 km/hv 100 km/hv 100 km/hv 3 Manual Indonesia Yes Yes 50 km/h 80 km/h 100 km/h 8 Manual Iran (Islamic Republic of) Yes No 60 km/h 95 km/h 120 km/h 7 Manual and automated Iraq Yes No 60 km/h 100 km/h 120 km/h 2 Manual Ireland Yes Yes 50 km/h 100 km/h 120 km/h 10 Automated Israel Yes No 50 km/h 80 km/h 110 km/h 5 Automated Italy Yes Yes 50 km/h 110 km/hw 150 km/h 8 Automated Jamaica Yes No ~ 48 km/h ~ 80 km/h No 4 Manual Japan Yes Yes 60 km/h 60 km/h 100 km/h 7 Manual Jordan Yes Yes 90 km/h 120 km/h 120 km/h 7 Manual and automated Kazakhstan Yes No 60 km/hx 110 km/h 140 km/h 7 Automated Kenya Yes No 50 km/h 100 km/h 110 km/h 4 Manual Kiribati Yes No 40 km/h 60 km/h 60 km/h 5 Manual Kuwait Yes No 45 km/h 80 km/h 80 km/h 3 Automated Kyrgyzstan Yes No 60 km/h 90 km/h 110 km/h 5 Manual and automated Lao People’s Democratic Republic Yes No 40 km/h 90 km/h — q 5 Manual Latvia Yes No 50 km/h 90 km/h No 7 Manual and automated 329 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area National speed limit law Types of modifications allowed Maximum default speed limits (km/h) Enforcement Predominant type of enforcementUrban Rural Motorways Lebanon Yes Yes 50 km/h 70 km/h 100 km/h 5 Manual Lesotho Yes No 50 km/h 80 km/h No 2 Manual Liberia Yes No ~ 40 km/h ~ 56 km/h ~ 72 km/h 0 Manual Libya Yes No 50 km/h 85 km/h 100 km/h 2 Manual and automated Lithuania Yes No 50 km/hy 90 km/h 130 km/h 7 Automated Luxembourg Yes Yes 50 km/h 90 km/h 130 km/h 7 Automated Madagascar Yes Yes 50 km/hz No No 4 — Malawi Yes No 50 km/h 80 km/h 100 km/h 4 Manual Malaysia Yes Yes 90 km/haa 90 km/haa 110 km/haa 6 Manual Maldives Yes No 30 km/hab 30 km/hab No 3 Manual Mali Yes Yes 50 km/h 90 km/h 110 km/h 4 Manual Malta Yes No 50 km/h 80 km/h No 4 Automated Mauritania Yes Yes 80 km/h 100 km/h 100 km/h 4 Manual Mauritius Yes No 90 km/h 90 km/h 110 km/h 6 Manual and automated Mexico Yes Yes 20 - 70 km/h 20 - 90 km/h 45 - 110 km/h 4 Manual and automated Micronesia (Federated States of) Yes Yes ac ~ 40 km/h ~ 40 km/h ~ 40 km/h 3 Manual Mongolia Yes No 60 km/h 80 km/h 100 km/h 5 Manual and automated Montenegro Yes No 50 km/h 80 km/h 130 km/h 7 Manual Morocco Yes Yes 60 km/h 100 km/h 120 km/h 7 Manual and automated Mozambique Yes No 60 km/h 120 km/h No 5 Manual Myanmar Yes No 48 km/h 80 km/h No 6 Automated Namibia Yes No 60 km/h 120 km/h 120 km/h 4 Manual Nepal Yes No 40 km/had 80 km/had 80 km/had 2 Manual Netherlands Yes Yes 50 km/h 80 km/h 130 km/h 6 Manual and automated New Zealand Yes Yes 50 km/h 100 km/h 100 km/h 7 Manual and automated Niger Yes No 50 km/h No No 3 Manual Nigeria Yes Yes 50 km/h 80 km/h 100 km/h 6 Manual Norway Yes Yes 50 km/h 80 km/h 100 km/h 10 Manual and automated 330 Country / Area National speed limit law Types of modifications allowed Maximum default speed limits (km/h) Enforcement Predominant type of enforcementUrban Rural Motorways Oman Yes No — — — 10 Manual and automated Pakistan Yes Yes 90 km/h 110 km/h 130 km/h 4 Manual Panama Yes No 80 km/h 100 km/h 120 km/h 4 Manual Papua New Guinea Yes No 60 km/h 75 km/h — — — Paraguay Yes Yes 50 km/h 110 km/h 110 km/h 4 Manual Peru Yes Yes 60 km/h 60 km/h 100 km/h 1 Manual Philippines Yes Yes 40 km/h 80 km/h No 5 Manual Poland Yes Yes 50 km/hae 90 km/h 140 km/h 8 Manual Portugal Yes No 50 km/h 90 km/h 120 km/h 7 Manual Qatar Yes No 100 km/h 120 km/h 120 km/h 7 Automated Republic of Korea Yes Yes 80 km/h 80 km/h 120 km/h 8 Automated Republic of Moldova Yes No 50 km/h 110 km/h 110 km/h 8 Manual and automated Romania Yes Yes 50 km/h 90 km/h 130 km/h 7 Manual Russian Federation Yes Yesaf 60 km/h 90 km/h 110 km/h 8 Automated Rwanda Yes Yes 80 km/hag 80 km/hag 80 km/hag 8 Automated Saint Lucia Yes No ~ 24 km/h ~ 24 km/h ~ 56 km/h 0 — Samoa Yes No ~ 56 km/h ~ 56 km/h —q 9 Manual San Marino Yes No 70 km/h 70 km/h No 6 Manual and automated Sao Tome and Principe Yes No 50 km/h 90 km/h 120 km/h 2 — Saudi Arabia Yes No 80 km/h 120 km/h No 7 Automated Senegal Yes Yes No 90 km/h 110 km/h 5 Manual Serbia Yes Yes 50 km/hah 100 km/h 120 km/h 6 Manual Seychelles Yes No 25 - 80 km/hai 80 km/h ai 80 km/hai 6 Manual Singapore Yes No 70 km/haj —ak 90 km/h 8 Manual and automated Slovakia Yes No 50 km/h 90 km/h 130 km/h 7 Manual Slovenia Yes No 50 km/hal 90 km/h 130 km/h 7 Manual Solomon Islands Yesam Yes — — — 5 Manual Somalia Yes Yes 40 km/h No No 1 — South Africa Yes Yes 60 km/h 100 km/h 120 km/h 6 Manual and automated South Sudan Yes No 50 km/h No No 3 Manual 331 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area National speed limit law Types of modifications allowed Maximum default speed limits (km/h) Enforcement Predominant type of enforcementUrban Rural Motorways Spain Yes Yesan 50 km/h 90 km/h 120 km/h 8 Manual and automated Sri Lanka Yes No 50 km/h 70 km/h 100 km/h 9 Manual Sudan Yes Yes 50 km/h 90 km/h No 6 Manual and automated Suriname Yes No 40 km/h 80 km/h 80 km/h 5 Manual Sweden Yes Yes 50 km/h 110 km/h 120 km/h 8 Automated Switzerland Yes No 50 km/h 80 km/h 120 km/h 7 — Syrian Arab Republic Yes Yes — — — 5 Manual and automated Tajikistan Yes No 60 km/h 90 km/h 110 km/h 9 Manual Thailand Yes No 80 km/h 90 km/h 120 km/h 5 Manual The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Yes No 50 km/h al 90 km/h 130 km/h 6 Manual Timor-Leste Yes No 50 km/h 90 km/h 120 km/h 5 Manual Togo No No — — — — Manual Tonga Yes No 50 km/h 70 km/h 70 km/h 7 Manual Trinidad and Tobago Yes No 50 km/h 80 km/h No 5 Manual Tunisia Yes Yes 50 km/h 90 km/h 110 km/h 5 Manual Turkey Yes Yes 50 km/h 110 km/hao 120 km/hao 9 Manual and automated Turkmenistan Yes Yes 60 km/h 90 km/h 110 km/h 10 Manual and automated Uganda Yes No 50 km/h 100 km/h No 7 Manual Ukraine Yes Yes 60 km/h 90 km/h 130 km/h 3 — United Arab Emirates Yes Yes —ap —ap —ap 10 Automated United Kingdom Yes Yes ~ 48 km/h ~ 96 km/h ~ 112 km/h 8 Automated United Republic of Tanzania Yes Yes 50 km/h No No 8 Manual United States of America Yes Yes 32 - 128 km/h 40 - 128 km/h 40 - 128 km/h — Manual Uruguay Yes Yes 45 km/h 90 km/h 90 km/h 6 Manual and automated Uzbekistan Yes No 70 km/h 100 km/h No 8 Manual Vanuatu No No — — — — — Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) No No — — — — — 332 Country / Area National speed limit law Types of modifications allowed Maximum default speed limits (km/h) Enforcement Predominant type of enforcementUrban Rural Motorways Viet Nam Yes No 60 km/h 90 km/h 120 km/h 7 Manual and automated West Bank and Gaza Strip Yes No 50 km/h 80 km/h 110 km/h 2 Manual Zimbabwe Yes Yes 60 km/h 80 km/haq 120 km/h 6 Manual a Speed limit set per vehicle type with a maximum speed limit of 90 km/h for fast moving vehicles, decreased by 20 km/h in mountain paths b Applies in the City of Saint John’s and in designated «speed limit areas» c The limit in residential area is reduced to 60 km/h d Speed limit set per vehicle type with a maximum speed limit of 70 miles per hour (112 km/h) for light vehicles e Speed limit set per vehicle type with a maximum speed limit of 80 km/h for specified vehicles including private motor cars f The 90 km/h speed limit applies on rural areas in Brussels capital region and Wallon region while there is a 70 km/h speed limit in the Flemish region g Can be increased to an unspecified speed under certain circumstances h Can be increased up to an unspecified speed i This limit applies to unpaved roadways while on undivided highway the maximum speed limit is 100 km/h for automobiles, light trucks and motorcycles j Can be increased up to an unspecified limit under certain circumstances k Traffic code refers to regulations to set maximum speed limits, regulations not available l Speed limit applicable on any road, decreased to 30 km/h in reduced speed zones m Can be increased up to 80 km/h n Traffic signs may on certain public highways provide for a higher speed limit not exceeding 80 km/h o Speed limits can be modified at local level by the road authorities and the police p Can be increased up to 90 km/h on certain conditions q No motorways in the country r Speed limit for public roads is 100 km/h for a road with a surface of concrete, bitumen or tar and 80 km/h for other roads s There is no maximum speed limit on motorways t Speed limits set per vehicle type and road type - for motor cars, speed limits are: 30 mph (48 km/h) on restricted roads, 60 mph (96 km/h) on Timehri / Linden Highway and 40 mph (64 km/h) elsewhere u Legislation refers to regulations to set maximum speed limits, regulations not available v Speed limit set per vehicle type with a maximum speed limit of 100 km/h for passengers cars comprising not more than eight seats in addition to the driver’s seat w 110 km/h for main suburban roads, 90 km/h for secondary suburban roads x Can be increased up to 90 km/h y Can be increased or decreased to an unspecified speed under certain circumstances z Can be modified up to 80 km/h aa Speed limit set per vehicle and road type with a maximum speed limit for passengers cars of 110 km/h on highways and 90 km/h on other roads ab Speed limit set per vehicle type with a maximum speed limit of 30 km/h for specified vehicles, except in designated areas with higher speeds ac Speed limit may be increased by the governor (Kosrae, Yap) or by the director of the department of public safety (Pohnpei) ad Speed limit set per vehicle type with a maximum speed limit of 80 km/h for specified vehicles including cars, and a maximum limit of 40 km/h in an area with dense settlement 333 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 ae 60 km/h from 23:00-05:00 af Local authorities can modify national speed limits through the posting of speed signs ag Speed limit set per vehicle type with a maximum speed limit of 80 km/h for passengers cars (not exceeding 3500 kg) ah Can be increased to 80 km/h ai Speed limits depend on the geographical area considered: the maximum speed limit is 40 km/h on roads in Greater Victoria and 80 km/h on any other roads; different speed limits are set for the island of praslin and la digue subject respectively to a 65 km/h and 25 km/h speed limit aj Different speed limits are set in urban areas ranging from 30 km/h to 70 km/h ak No rural roads in Singapore al Can be increased up to 70 km/h am Speed limits are established locally per vehicle type and / or per road names or areas an Road authorities can decrease speed limits on both urban and rural roads. Speed limits can only be increased on urban highways ao Ministry of Interior can increase speed limits by 20 km/h for automobiles ap Speed limits are established at subnational level per streets’ names aq A 120 km/h speed limits applies on roads having a bituminous surface coat of 6 metres of more in width 334 TABLE A5: DRINKING AND DRIVING LAWS, ENFORCEMENT AND ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS ATTRIBUTED TO ALCOHOL BY COUNTRY / AREA Country / Area National drink driving law Based on BAC / BrAC National maximum legal BAC levels (g/dl) Random breath testing carried out Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Enforcement % road traffic deaths involving alcohol National drug driving law Alcohol prohibitedGeneral population Young / novice drivers Professional / commercial drivers Afghanistan Yesa No — — — Yes All drivers tested 6 – Yes Yesb Albania Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 Yes Some drivers tested 6 5.2 Yes No Angola Yes Yes ≤ 0.06 ≤ 0.06 ≤ 0.06 Yes Some drivers tested 5 – Yes No Antigua and Barbuda Yesa No — — — No Some drivers tested 4 0.9 Yes No Argentina Yes Yes ≤0.05c ≤0.05 0.00 Yes — 6 17 Yes No Armenia Yes Yes ≤0.04 ≤0.04 ≤0.04 Yesd All drivers tested 6 1.9 Yes No Australia Yes Yes < 0.05 0.00 0.00 Yes All drivers tested 8 17 Yes No Austria Yes Yes <0.05 <0.01 <0.01 Yes All drivers tested — 5.1 Yes No Azerbaijan Yese No — — — Yes All drivers tested 9 15 Yes No Bangladesh Yesa No — — — Yes Some drivers tested 2 – Yes Yesb Barbados Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yesf All drivers tested 2 – Yes No Belarus Yes Yes <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 Yesd All drivers tested 8 14.3 (Drivers) Yes No Belgium Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.02 Yes Some drivers tested 6 – Yes No Belize Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yesf All drivers tested 4 – Yes No Benin Yesa No — — — Yes No 1 – No No Bhutan Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 0.00 0.00 Yes Some drivers tested 6 – Yes No Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 Yes d All drivers tested 4 6.4 Yes No Bosnia and Herzegovina Yes Yes ≤0.03 0.00 0.0 Yes All drivers tested 6 20.8 Yes No Botswana Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.025 Yes Some drivers tested 6 3.8 Yes No Brazil Yes Yes 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yes Some drivers tested 6 – Yes No Bulgaria Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 Yes All drivers tested 5 0.9 Yes No Burkina Faso Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.02 ≤0.02 Yes No — – Yes No Burundi Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yesd No 1 – No No Cabo Verde Yes Yes <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 Yesg No 5 – No No Cambodia Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Yes No 5 13 Yes No Cameroon Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yes No 2 – No No Canada Yes Yes 0.04 - 0.08 0.00 - 0.08 0.04 - 0.08 Yesd All drivers tested 8 29.6 Yes No Central African Republic Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 No No — – No No Chad Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 No No 1 – No No Chile Yes Yes ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 Yes All drivers tested 6 13 Yes No China Yes Yes <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 Yesd All drivers tested 9 0.4 Yes No Colombia Yes Yes <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 Yes All drivers tested 5 – Yes No Comoros Yesa No — — — No No 2 – Yes No 335 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area National drink driving law Based on BAC / BrAC National maximum legal BAC levels (g/dl) Random breath testing carried out Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Enforcement % road traffic deaths involving alcohol National drug driving law Alcohol prohibitedGeneral population Young / novice drivers Professional / commercial drivers Afghanistan Yesa No — — — Yes All drivers tested 6 – Yes Yesb Albania Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 Yes Some drivers tested 6 5.2 Yes No Angola Yes Yes ≤ 0.06 ≤ 0.06 ≤ 0.06 Yes Some drivers tested 5 – Yes No Antigua and Barbuda Yesa No — — — No Some drivers tested 4 0.9 Yes No Argentina Yes Yes ≤0.05c ≤0.05 0.00 Yes — 6 17 Yes No Armenia Yes Yes ≤0.04 ≤0.04 ≤0.04 Yesd All drivers tested 6 1.9 Yes No Australia Yes Yes < 0.05 0.00 0.00 Yes All drivers tested 8 17 Yes No Austria Yes Yes <0.05 <0.01 <0.01 Yes All drivers tested — 5.1 Yes No Azerbaijan Yese No — — — Yes All drivers tested 9 15 Yes No Bangladesh Yesa No — — — Yes Some drivers tested 2 – Yes Yesb Barbados Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yesf All drivers tested 2 – Yes No Belarus Yes Yes <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 Yesd All drivers tested 8 14.3 (Drivers) Yes No Belgium Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.02 Yes Some drivers tested 6 – Yes No Belize Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yesf All drivers tested 4 – Yes No Benin Yesa No — — — Yes No 1 – No No Bhutan Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 0.00 0.00 Yes Some drivers tested 6 – Yes No Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 Yes d All drivers tested 4 6.4 Yes No Bosnia and Herzegovina Yes Yes ≤0.03 0.00 0.0 Yes All drivers tested 6 20.8 Yes No Botswana Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.025 Yes Some drivers tested 6 3.8 Yes No Brazil Yes Yes 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yes Some drivers tested 6 – Yes No Bulgaria Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 Yes All drivers tested 5 0.9 Yes No Burkina Faso Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.02 ≤0.02 Yes No — – Yes No Burundi Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yesd No 1 – No No Cabo Verde Yes Yes <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 Yesg No 5 – No No Cambodia Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Yes No 5 13 Yes No Cameroon Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yes No 2 – No No Canada Yes Yes 0.04 - 0.08 0.00 - 0.08 0.04 - 0.08 Yesd All drivers tested 8 29.6 Yes No Central African Republic Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 No No — – No No Chad Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 No No 1 – No No Chile Yes Yes ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 Yes All drivers tested 6 13 Yes No China Yes Yes <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 Yesd All drivers tested 9 0.4 Yes No Colombia Yes Yes <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 Yes All drivers tested 5 – Yes No Comoros Yesa No — — — No No 2 – Yes No 336 Country / Area National drink driving law Based on BAC / BrAC National maximum legal BAC levels (g/dl) Random breath testing carried out Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Enforcement % road traffic deaths involving alcohol National drug driving law Alcohol prohibitedGeneral population Young / novice drivers Professional / commercial drivers Congo Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yes No 2 – No No Cook Islands Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yes All drivers tested 6 39 Yes No Costa Rica Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02 Yes All drivers tested 4 31.2 Yes No Côte d’Ivoire Yes Yes <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 Yes No 3 – No No Croatia Yes Yes ≤0.05 0.00 0.00 Yes Some drivers tested 8 23.8 Yes No Cuba Yes Yes ≤0.01 0.00 0.00 Yes All drivers tested 7 33.3 Yes No Cyprus Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.02 ≤0.02 Yes All drivers tested 7 17.4 Yes No Czechia Yes Yes ≤0.03 ≤0.03 ≤0.03 Yes All drivers tested 7 9.5 Yes No Democratic Republic of the Congo Yes Yes <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 Yes d No 2 – No No Denmark Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 Yes Some drivers tested — – Yes No Dominica Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 No No 1 – Yes No Dominican Republic Yes Yes ≤0.05 0.00 0.00 Yes Some drivers tested 3 – Yes No Ecuador Yes Yes ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.01 Yesd All drivers tested 7 6.8 Yes No Egypt Yesa No — — — No Some drivers tested 8 – Yes No El Salvador Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Yes Some drivers tested 7 – Yes No Equatorial Guinea Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 No — — – No No Eritrea Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.03 Yesd No 7 – Yes No Estonia Yes Yes <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 Yes All drivers tested 8 10 Yes No Eswatini Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.02 Yesd No 9 – Yes No Ethiopia Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yesd All drivers tested 2 4.3 Yes No Fiji Yes Yes ≤0.08 0.00 0.00 Yes Some drivers tested 6 5 Yes No Finland Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Yes All drivers tested 9 24 Yes No France Yes Yes <0.05 <0.02 <0.05 Yes All drivers tested 7 29 Yes No Gabon Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yes No 1 – No No Gambia Yesa No — — — No No 1 2.1 Yes No Georgia Yes Yes ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 Yesd All drivers tested 7 9 Yes No Germany Yes Yes <0.05 0.00 <0.05 Yes Some drivers tested — 7 Yes No Ghana Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yesf Some drivers tested 3 – Yes No Greece Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 Yes All drivers tested 4 25.3 Yes No Grenada Yesa No — — — No No 1 – Yes No Guatemala Yesa No — — — Yes Some drivers tested 4 – Yes No Guinea Yes Yes <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 No No 2 – No No Guinea-Bissau Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 No Some drivers tested 1 – Yes Yesb 337 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area National drink driving law Based on BAC / BrAC National maximum legal BAC levels (g/dl) Random breath testing carried out Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Enforcement % road traffic deaths involving alcohol National drug driving law Alcohol prohibitedGeneral population Young / novice drivers Professional / commercial drivers Congo Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yes No 2 – No No Cook Islands Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yes All drivers tested 6 39 Yes No Costa Rica Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02 Yes All drivers tested 4 31.2 Yes No Côte d’Ivoire Yes Yes <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 Yes No 3 – No No Croatia Yes Yes ≤0.05 0.00 0.00 Yes Some drivers tested 8 23.8 Yes No Cuba Yes Yes ≤0.01 0.00 0.00 Yes All drivers tested 7 33.3 Yes No Cyprus Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.02 ≤0.02 Yes All drivers tested 7 17.4 Yes No Czechia Yes Yes ≤0.03 ≤0.03 ≤0.03 Yes All drivers tested 7 9.5 Yes No Democratic Republic of the Congo Yes Yes <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 Yes d No 2 – No No Denmark Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 Yes Some drivers tested — – Yes No Dominica Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 No No 1 – Yes No Dominican Republic Yes Yes ≤0.05 0.00 0.00 Yes Some drivers tested 3 – Yes No Ecuador Yes Yes ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.01 Yesd All drivers tested 7 6.8 Yes No Egypt Yesa No — — — No Some drivers tested 8 – Yes No El Salvador Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Yes Some drivers tested 7 – Yes No Equatorial Guinea Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 No — — – No No Eritrea Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.03 Yesd No 7 – Yes No Estonia Yes Yes <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 Yes All drivers tested 8 10 Yes No Eswatini Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.02 Yesd No 9 – Yes No Ethiopia Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yesd All drivers tested 2 4.3 Yes No Fiji Yes Yes ≤0.08 0.00 0.00 Yes Some drivers tested 6 5 Yes No Finland Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Yes All drivers tested 9 24 Yes No France Yes Yes <0.05 <0.02 <0.05 Yes All drivers tested 7 29 Yes No Gabon Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yes No 1 – No No Gambia Yesa No — — — No No 1 2.1 Yes No Georgia Yes Yes ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 Yesd All drivers tested 7 9 Yes No Germany Yes Yes <0.05 0.00 <0.05 Yes Some drivers tested — 7 Yes No Ghana Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yesf Some drivers tested 3 – Yes No Greece Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 Yes All drivers tested 4 25.3 Yes No Grenada Yesa No — — — No No 1 – Yes No Guatemala Yesa No — — — Yes Some drivers tested 4 – Yes No Guinea Yes Yes <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 No No 2 – No No Guinea-Bissau Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 No Some drivers tested 1 – Yes Yesb 338 Country / Area National drink driving law Based on BAC / BrAC National maximum legal BAC levels (g/dl) Random breath testing carried out Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Enforcement % road traffic deaths involving alcohol National drug driving law Alcohol prohibitedGeneral population Young / novice drivers Professional / commercial drivers Guyana Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yesd No 7 17 Yes No Honduras Yes Yes <0.07 <0.07 <0.07 Yesd All drivers tested 8 6.8 Yes No Hungary Yesh Yes 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yesd All drivers tested 5 7.1 Yes No Iceland Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Yes All drivers tested 7 14 Yes No India Yes Yes ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 Yesd Some drivers tested 4 4.1 Yes No Indonesia Yesa No — — — Yes All drivers tested 9 – Yes No Iran (Islamic Republic of) Yesa No — — — Yesd Some drivers tested 7 1.7 Yes Yesb Iraq Yesa No — — — Yes Some drivers tested 2 – Yes Yesb Ireland Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02 Yes All drivers tested 10 38.5 Yes No Israel Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.01 ≤ 0.01 Yes All drivers tested 7 3.6 Yes No Italy Yes Yes ≤0.05 0.00 0.00 Yes Some drivers tested 7 20 - 25 Yes No Jamaica Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yesf Some drivers tested 2 – Yes No Japan Yes Yes <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 Yes Some drivers tested 9 5.6 Yes No Jordan Yes Yes <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 Yesi Some drivers tested 3 – Yes No Kazakhstan Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 No All drivers tested 7 0.3 Yes Yesb Kenya Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yesf No 5 – Yes No Kiribati Yes Yes ≤0.05j 0.00j 0.00j Yes No 4 – Yes No Kuwait Yesa No — — — No No 5 – Yes Yesb Kyrgyzstan Yesa No — — — Yes All drivers tested 5 – Yes No Lao People’s Democratic Republic Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 0.00 Yes No 3 – No k No Latvia Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02 Yesd All drivers tested 7 10.8 Yes No Lebanon Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 0.00 0.00 Yes Some drivers tested 3 – Yes No Lesotho Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yes No 2 60 Yes No Liberia Yes Yes <0.15 <0.15 <0.15 No All drivers tested 0 – Yes No Libya Yesa No — — — No Some drivers tested 7 1.2 Yes Yesb Lithuania Yes Yes ≤0.04 0.00 0.00 Yes All drivers tested 8 9.6 Yes No Luxembourg Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.02 < 0.02 Yes All drivers tested 6 14 Yes No Madagascar Yes Yes <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 Yes Some drivers tested 2 – Yes No Malawi Yes Yes <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 Yes No 4 – Yes No Malaysia Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yes All drivers tested 4 0.1 No No Maldives Nob No — — — No No — – No Yesb Mali Yes Yes <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 Yes No 3 0.4 Yes No Malta Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02l Yesd All drivers tested 4 – Yes No 339 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area National drink driving law Based on BAC / BrAC National maximum legal BAC levels (g/dl) Random breath testing carried out Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Enforcement % road traffic deaths involving alcohol National drug driving law Alcohol prohibitedGeneral population Young / novice drivers Professional / commercial drivers Guyana Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yesd No 7 17 Yes No Honduras Yes Yes <0.07 <0.07 <0.07 Yesd All drivers tested 8 6.8 Yes No Hungary Yesh Yes 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yesd All drivers tested 5 7.1 Yes No Iceland Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Yes All drivers tested 7 14 Yes No India Yes Yes ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 Yesd Some drivers tested 4 4.1 Yes No Indonesia Yesa No — — — Yes All drivers tested 9 – Yes No Iran (Islamic Republic of) Yesa No — — — Yesd Some drivers tested 7 1.7 Yes Yesb Iraq Yesa No — — — Yes Some drivers tested 2 – Yes Yesb Ireland Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02 Yes All drivers tested 10 38.5 Yes No Israel Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.01 ≤ 0.01 Yes All drivers tested 7 3.6 Yes No Italy Yes Yes ≤0.05 0.00 0.00 Yes Some drivers tested 7 20 - 25 Yes No Jamaica Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yesf Some drivers tested 2 – Yes No Japan Yes Yes <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 Yes Some drivers tested 9 5.6 Yes No Jordan Yes Yes <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 Yesi Some drivers tested 3 – Yes No Kazakhstan Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 No All drivers tested 7 0.3 Yes Yesb Kenya Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yesf No 5 – Yes No Kiribati Yes Yes ≤0.05j 0.00j 0.00j Yes No 4 – Yes No Kuwait Yesa No — — — No No 5 – Yes Yesb Kyrgyzstan Yesa No — — — Yes All drivers tested 5 – Yes No Lao People’s Democratic Republic Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 0.00 Yes No 3 – No k No Latvia Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02 Yesd All drivers tested 7 10.8 Yes No Lebanon Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 0.00 0.00 Yes Some drivers tested 3 – Yes No Lesotho Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yes No 2 60 Yes No Liberia Yes Yes <0.15 <0.15 <0.15 No All drivers tested 0 – Yes No Libya Yesa No — — — No Some drivers tested 7 1.2 Yes Yesb Lithuania Yes Yes ≤0.04 0.00 0.00 Yes All drivers tested 8 9.6 Yes No Luxembourg Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.02 < 0.02 Yes All drivers tested 6 14 Yes No Madagascar Yes Yes <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 Yes Some drivers tested 2 – Yes No Malawi Yes Yes <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 Yes No 4 – Yes No Malaysia Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yes All drivers tested 4 0.1 No No Maldives Nob No — — — No No — – No Yesb Mali Yes Yes <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 Yes No 3 0.4 Yes No Malta Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02l Yesd All drivers tested 4 – Yes No 340 Country / Area National drink driving law Based on BAC / BrAC National maximum legal BAC levels (g/dl) Random breath testing carried out Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Enforcement % road traffic deaths involving alcohol National drug driving law Alcohol prohibitedGeneral population Young / novice drivers Professional / commercial drivers Mauritania Yesa No — — — No No 8 – Yes Yesb Mauritius Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 Yesd All drivers tested 7 23.6 Yes No Mexico Yesm No — — — Yes Some drivers tested 7 19.5 Yes No Micronesia (Federated States of) Yes n No — — — No No 5 100 Yes No Mongolia Yes Yes <0.04o <0.04o <0.04o Yesf All drivers tested 8 25 Yes No Montenegro Yes Yes ≤0.03 0.00 ≤0.03 Yes All drivers tested 7 – Yes No Morocco Yes Yes <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 Yes No 5 3.7 Yes Yesb Mozambique Yes Yes <0.06 <0.06 <0.06 Yes Some drivers tested 6 – Yes No Myanmar Yesa No — — — Yes Some drivers tested 6 21.4 Yes Yesb Namibia Yes Yes ≤0.079 ≤0.079 ≤0.079 Yes Some drivers tested 4 3.9 Yes No Nepal Yesa No — — — Yes Some drivers tested 8 – Yes No Netherlands Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.05 Yes No 6 11 - 24 Yes No New Zealand Yes Yes ≤0.05 0.00 ≤0.05 Yes Some drivers tested 7 27 Yes No Niger Yesa No — — — No No 6 – Yes No Nigeria Yes Yes ≤0.05p ≤0.002q ≤0.000r Yes No 4 0.5 Yes No Norway Yes Yes ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02 Yes Some drivers tested 10 13 Yes No Oman Yesa No — — — Yes All drivers tested 10 0.7 Yes No Pakistan Yesa No — — — No No 4 – Yes Yesb Panama Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 Yes All drivers tested 5 – Yes No Papua New Guinea Yess No — — — No No — 56 Yes No Paraguay Yes Yes 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yes All drivers tested 6 – Yes No Peru Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤ 0.025 Yes All drivers tested 2 9.3 Yes No Philippines Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 0.00 Yesd Some drivers tested 4 – Yes No Poland Yes Yes < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 Yes All drivers tested 10 12.7 Yes No Portugal Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.02 < 0.02 Yes All drivers tested 7 29.2 Yes No Qatar Yesa No — — — No All drivers tested 9 2.2 Yes Yesb Republic of Korea Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Yesd Some drivers tested 7 11.2 Yes No Republic of Moldova Yes Yes ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 Yes All drivers tested 8 9.4 Yes No Romania Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yes All drivers tested 8 5.6 Yes No Russian Federation Yes Yes ≤0.03o ≤0.03o ≤0.03o Yes All drivers tested 6 22.9 Yes No Rwanda Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yesf Some drivers tested 9 – No No Saint Lucia Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 No All drivers tested 0 – Yes No Samoa Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yes No 8 – Yes No 341 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area National drink driving law Based on BAC / BrAC National maximum legal BAC levels (g/dl) Random breath testing carried out Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Enforcement % road traffic deaths involving alcohol National drug driving law Alcohol prohibitedGeneral population Young / novice drivers Professional / commercial drivers Mauritania Yesa No — — — No No 8 – Yes Yesb Mauritius Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 Yesd All drivers tested 7 23.6 Yes No Mexico Yesm No — — — Yes Some drivers tested 7 19.5 Yes No Micronesia (Federated States of) Yes n No — — — No No 5 100 Yes No Mongolia Yes Yes <0.04o <0.04o <0.04o Yesf All drivers tested 8 25 Yes No Montenegro Yes Yes ≤0.03 0.00 ≤0.03 Yes All drivers tested 7 – Yes No Morocco Yes Yes <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 Yes No 5 3.7 Yes Yesb Mozambique Yes Yes <0.06 <0.06 <0.06 Yes Some drivers tested 6 – Yes No Myanmar Yesa No — — — Yes Some drivers tested 6 21.4 Yes Yesb Namibia Yes Yes ≤0.079 ≤0.079 ≤0.079 Yes Some drivers tested 4 3.9 Yes No Nepal Yesa No — — — Yes Some drivers tested 8 – Yes No Netherlands Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.05 Yes No 6 11 - 24 Yes No New Zealand Yes Yes ≤0.05 0.00 ≤0.05 Yes Some drivers tested 7 27 Yes No Niger Yesa No — — — No No 6 – Yes No Nigeria Yes Yes ≤0.05p ≤0.002q ≤0.000r Yes No 4 0.5 Yes No Norway Yes Yes ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02 Yes Some drivers tested 10 13 Yes No Oman Yesa No — — — Yes All drivers tested 10 0.7 Yes No Pakistan Yesa No — — — No No 4 – Yes Yesb Panama Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 Yes All drivers tested 5 – Yes No Papua New Guinea Yess No — — — No No — 56 Yes No Paraguay Yes Yes 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yes All drivers tested 6 – Yes No Peru Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤ 0.025 Yes All drivers tested 2 9.3 Yes No Philippines Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 0.00 Yesd Some drivers tested 4 – Yes No Poland Yes Yes < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 Yes All drivers tested 10 12.7 Yes No Portugal Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.02 < 0.02 Yes All drivers tested 7 29.2 Yes No Qatar Yesa No — — — No All drivers tested 9 2.2 Yes Yesb Republic of Korea Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Yesd Some drivers tested 7 11.2 Yes No Republic of Moldova Yes Yes ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 Yes All drivers tested 8 9.4 Yes No Romania Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yes All drivers tested 8 5.6 Yes No Russian Federation Yes Yes ≤0.03o ≤0.03o ≤0.03o Yes All drivers tested 6 22.9 Yes No Rwanda Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yesf Some drivers tested 9 – No No Saint Lucia Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 No All drivers tested 0 – Yes No Samoa Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yes No 8 – Yes No 342 Country / Area National drink driving law Based on BAC / BrAC National maximum legal BAC levels (g/dl) Random breath testing carried out Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Enforcement % road traffic deaths involving alcohol National drug driving law Alcohol prohibitedGeneral population Young / novice drivers Professional / commercial drivers San Marino Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 Yesd All drivers tested 6 – Yes No Sao Tome and Principe Yes Yes <0.12 <0.12 <0.12 No No 2 – Yes No Saudi Arabia Yesa No — — — No Some drivers tested 9 – Yes Yesb Senegal Yesa No — — — No No 3 – Yes No Serbia Yes Yes ≤0.03 0.00 0.00 Yes All drivers tested 5 17 Yes No Seychelles Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yesf No 6 – Yes No Singapore Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yesf All drivers tested 8 6.4 Yes No Slovakia Yest Yes 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yes All drivers tested 8 6.1 Yes No Slovenia Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 0.00 0.00 Yes All drivers tested 7 32 Yes No Solomon Islands Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Yes Some drivers tested 7 – Yes No Somalia Yesa No — — — No No 1 – Yes Yesb South Africa Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.02 Yes Some drivers tested 5 57.5 Yes No South Sudan Yesa No — — — No No 0 – Yes No Spain Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤0.03 ≤0.03 Yes Some drivers tested 7 17 Males, 6.7 Females Yes No Sri Lanka Yes Yes < 0.08 < 0.08 < 0.08 No Some drivers tested 9 – Yes No Sudan Yesa No — — — Yes All drivers tested 7 0.3 Yes Yesb Suriname Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 Yes Some drivers tested 5 – Yes No Sweden Yes Yes < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 Yes All drivers tested 6 24 Yes No Switzerland Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.01 < 0.01 Yes Some drivers tested 6 13 Yes No Syrian Arab Republic Yesu No — — — Yes Some drivers tested 7 – No No Tajikistan Yesa No — — — Yes All drivers tested 9 4.2 Yes No Thailand Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.02 0.00 Yesd Some drivers tested 6 14.1 Yes No The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Yes Yes ≤0.05 < 0.01 ≤0.009 Yes All drivers tested 5 1.4 Yes No Timor-Leste Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 No Some drivers tested 4 – Yes No Togo Yesa No — — — No No 0 – Yes No Tonga Yes Yes <0.03o <0.03o <0.03o Yes No 5 77 No No Trinidad and Tobago Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yesd All drivers tested 6 – Yes No Tunisia Yes Yes <0.03 0.00 0.00 No All drivers tested 3 1.6 Yes No Turkey Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.02 Yes All drivers tested 9 3.3 Yes No Turkmenistan Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 Yes All drivers tested 10 – No No Uganda Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 0.00 Yesf Some drivers tested 6 0.8 Yes No Ukraine Yes Yes ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02 ≤0.02 No All drivers tested 5 6.7 Yes No 343 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area National drink driving law Based on BAC / BrAC National maximum legal BAC levels (g/dl) Random breath testing carried out Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Enforcement % road traffic deaths involving alcohol National drug driving law Alcohol prohibitedGeneral population Young / novice drivers Professional / commercial drivers San Marino Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 Yesd All drivers tested 6 – Yes No Sao Tome and Principe Yes Yes <0.12 <0.12 <0.12 No No 2 – Yes No Saudi Arabia Yesa No — — — No Some drivers tested 9 – Yes Yesb Senegal Yesa No — — — No No 3 – Yes No Serbia Yes Yes ≤0.03 0.00 0.00 Yes All drivers tested 5 17 Yes No Seychelles Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yesf No 6 – Yes No Singapore Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yesf All drivers tested 8 6.4 Yes No Slovakia Yest Yes 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yes All drivers tested 8 6.1 Yes No Slovenia Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 0.00 0.00 Yes All drivers tested 7 32 Yes No Solomon Islands Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Yes Some drivers tested 7 – Yes No Somalia Yesa No — — — No No 1 – Yes Yesb South Africa Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.02 Yes Some drivers tested 5 57.5 Yes No South Sudan Yesa No — — — No No 0 – Yes No Spain Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤0.03 ≤0.03 Yes Some drivers tested 7 17 Males, 6.7 Females Yes No Sri Lanka Yes Yes < 0.08 < 0.08 < 0.08 No Some drivers tested 9 – Yes No Sudan Yesa No — — — Yes All drivers tested 7 0.3 Yes Yesb Suriname Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 Yes Some drivers tested 5 – Yes No Sweden Yes Yes < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 Yes All drivers tested 6 24 Yes No Switzerland Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.01 < 0.01 Yes Some drivers tested 6 13 Yes No Syrian Arab Republic Yesu No — — — Yes Some drivers tested 7 – No No Tajikistan Yesa No — — — Yes All drivers tested 9 4.2 Yes No Thailand Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.02 0.00 Yesd Some drivers tested 6 14.1 Yes No The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Yes Yes ≤0.05 < 0.01 ≤0.009 Yes All drivers tested 5 1.4 Yes No Timor-Leste Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 No Some drivers tested 4 – Yes No Togo Yesa No — — — No No 0 – Yes No Tonga Yes Yes <0.03o <0.03o <0.03o Yes No 5 77 No No Trinidad and Tobago Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yesd All drivers tested 6 – Yes No Tunisia Yes Yes <0.03 0.00 0.00 No All drivers tested 3 1.6 Yes No Turkey Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.02 Yes All drivers tested 9 3.3 Yes No Turkmenistan Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 Yes All drivers tested 10 – No No Uganda Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 0.00 Yesf Some drivers tested 6 0.8 Yes No Ukraine Yes Yes ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02 ≤0.02 No All drivers tested 5 6.7 Yes No 344 Country / Area National drink driving law Based on BAC / BrAC National maximum legal BAC levels (g/dl) Random breath testing carried out Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Enforcement % road traffic deaths involving alcohol National drug driving law Alcohol prohibitedGeneral population Young / novice drivers Professional / commercial drivers United Arab Emirates Yes Yes ≤ 0.01 ≤ 0.01 ≤ 0.01 No All drivers tested 10 1.8 Yes Yesb United Kingdom Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤0.08 Yesd All drivers tested 8 13 (GB), 23 (NI) Yes No United Republic of Tanzania Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 0.00 Yes f No 6 1 Yes No United States of America Yes Yes ≤0.08 0.00 - 0.08 0.00 - 0.08 Yes Some drivers tested — 29 Yes No Uruguay Yes Yes 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yes Some drivers tested 9 – Yes No Uzbekistan Yesa No — — — Yes — 10 3.6 Yes No Vanuatu Yesa No — — — No No 0 67 Yes No Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Yes a No — — — Yes All drivers tested 4 – Yes No Viet Nam Yesv Yes 0.00— 0.05 0.00 — 0.05v 0.00 — 0.05 Yes Some drivers tested 8 – Yes No West Bank and Gaza Strip Yesa No — — — Yes No 5 – Yes No Zimbabwe Yes Yes <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 No Some drivers tested 5 – Yes No a Not based on BAC b Alcohol consumption legally prohibited c ≤0.2 g/l for motorcycles drivers d Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers e Law not based on BAC / BrAC f Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers or commission of a traffic offence g Legislation refers to testing in case of crash h Any presence of alcohol in the body is prohibited i Legislation refers to alcohol testing in case of reckless driving or in the case of a crash j BAC limit introduced by the traffic act 2017, at December 2017, the notice of commencment had not yet been signed k Legislation banning drug driving only applies to bus and truck drivers l For commercial drivers limits are as follows: «≤ 9 microgrammes in 100 ml (BrAC), 20 mg in 100 ml (BAC) and 27 mg in 100 ml of urine» while there is a 0 limit For driver of buses, coaches and other vehicles carrying passengers for a fee m Not based on BAC in 19 out of 32 states n In Yap a BAC limit is provided in the law. In Kosrae and Pohnpei, the law is not based on a BAC limit. No data is available for Chuuk o Law based on breath alcohol concentration, values converted to BAC p The legislation, as amended in 2016, refers to an alcohol legal limit of «0.05» for the general population but does not specify the unit to consider q The legislation, as amended in 2016, refers to an alcohol legal limit of «0.002» for young or novice drivers but does not specify the unit to consider r The legislation, as amended in 2016, refers to an alcohol legal limit of «0.000» for commercial drivers» but does not specify the unit to consider s Law not based on BAC 345 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area National drink driving law Based on BAC / BrAC National maximum legal BAC levels (g/dl) Random breath testing carried out Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Enforcement % road traffic deaths involving alcohol National drug driving law Alcohol prohibitedGeneral population Young / novice drivers Professional / commercial drivers United Arab Emirates Yes Yes ≤ 0.01 ≤ 0.01 ≤ 0.01 No All drivers tested 10 1.8 Yes Yesb United Kingdom Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤0.08 Yesd All drivers tested 8 13 (GB), 23 (NI) Yes No United Republic of Tanzania Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 0.00 Yes f No 6 1 Yes No United States of America Yes Yes ≤0.08 0.00 - 0.08 0.00 - 0.08 Yes Some drivers tested — 29 Yes No Uruguay Yes Yes 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yes Some drivers tested 9 – Yes No Uzbekistan Yesa No — — — Yes — 10 3.6 Yes No Vanuatu Yesa No — — — No No 0 67 Yes No Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Yes a No — — — Yes All drivers tested 4 – Yes No Viet Nam Yesv Yes 0.00— 0.05 0.00 — 0.05v 0.00 — 0.05 Yes Some drivers tested 8 – Yes No West Bank and Gaza Strip Yesa No — — — Yes No 5 – Yes No Zimbabwe Yes Yes <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 No Some drivers tested 5 – Yes No t Driving with presence of any alcohol in the body is prohibited u The law refers to regulations to set BAC limit, regulations not available v Different Bac limits are set depending on the type of vehicle used: for drivers of cars the bac limit is set at 0.00g/dl while for drivers of motorcycles and mopeds the legal bac limit is set at 0.05g/dl 346 TABLE A6: HELMET LAWS, ENFORCEMENT AND WEARING RATES BY COUNTRY / AREA Country / Area Motorcycle helmet law Children passengers on motorcycles Enforcement Helmet wearing rate (%)National motorcycle helmet law Applies to driver Applies to adult passengers Applies to all roads Applies to all engines Helmet fastening required Standard referred to and / or specified Afghanistan No — — — — — — Not restricted — Albania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 6 75% Drivers, 60% Passengers Angola Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 7 yrs 7 40% Drivers, 15% Passengers Antigua and Barbuda No — — — — — — Not restricted — Argentina Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 4 65.4% Drivers, 44.2% Passengers Armenia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 9 95% Drivers, 90% Passengers Australia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 8 yrs 8 99% Drivers Austria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 100% All riders Azerbaijan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Prohibited under 12 yrs 6 Bangladesh Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 6 Barbados Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 9 Belarus Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 8 Belgium Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited under 3 /8 yrsa 9 99% Drivers, 100% Passengers Belize Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Not restricted 5 Benin Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Not restricted 3 25% Drivers, 1% Passengers Bhutan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 9 Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 3 51.9% Drivers, 3% Passengers Bosnia and Herzegovina Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Prohibited under 12 yrs 7 Botswana Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 8 Brazil Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 7 yrs 7 83.4% Drivers, 80.1% Passengers Bulgaria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Prohibited under 12 yrs 5 80% Drivers, 30% Passengers Burkina Faso Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited under 5 yrs 4 9% All riders Burundi Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 5 Cabo Verde Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Prohibited under 7 yrs 8 Cambodia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 6 70% - 43% Drivers, 30 - 13% Passengersb Cameroon Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Prohibited under 5 yrs 1 Canada Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 10 98% Drivers, 98% Passengers Central African Republic Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Prohibited under 5 yrs 0 Chad Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Prohibited under 5 yrs 5 Chile Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 9 99% Drivers, 98% Passengers China Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 6 20% All riders Colombia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 4 96% Drivers, 79.8% Passengers 347 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Motorcycle helmet law Children passengers on motorcycles Enforcement Helmet wearing rate (%)National motorcycle helmet law Applies to driver Applies to adult passengers Applies to all roads Applies to all engines Helmet fastening required Standard referred to and / or specified Afghanistan No — — — — — — Not restricted — Albania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 6 75% Drivers, 60% Passengers Angola Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 7 yrs 7 40% Drivers, 15% Passengers Antigua and Barbuda No — — — — — — Not restricted — Argentina Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 4 65.4% Drivers, 44.2% Passengers Armenia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 9 95% Drivers, 90% Passengers Australia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 8 yrs 8 99% Drivers Austria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 100% All riders Azerbaijan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Prohibited under 12 yrs 6 Bangladesh Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 6 Barbados Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 9 Belarus Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 8 Belgium Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited under 3 /8 yrsa 9 99% Drivers, 100% Passengers Belize Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Not restricted 5 Benin Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Not restricted 3 25% Drivers, 1% Passengers Bhutan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 9 Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 3 51.9% Drivers, 3% Passengers Bosnia and Herzegovina Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Prohibited under 12 yrs 7 Botswana Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 8 Brazil Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 7 yrs 7 83.4% Drivers, 80.1% Passengers Bulgaria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Prohibited under 12 yrs 5 80% Drivers, 30% Passengers Burkina Faso Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited under 5 yrs 4 9% All riders Burundi Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 5 Cabo Verde Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Prohibited under 7 yrs 8 Cambodia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 6 70% - 43% Drivers, 30 - 13% Passengersb Cameroon Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Prohibited under 5 yrs 1 Canada Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 10 98% Drivers, 98% Passengers Central African Republic Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Prohibited under 5 yrs 0 Chad Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Prohibited under 5 yrs 5 Chile Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 9 99% Drivers, 98% Passengers China Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 6 20% All riders Colombia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 4 96% Drivers, 79.8% Passengers 348 Country / Area Motorcycle helmet law Children passengers on motorcycles Enforcement Helmet wearing rate (%)National motorcycle helmet law Applies to driver Applies to adult passengers Applies to all roads Applies to all engines Helmet fastening required Standard referred to and / or specified Comoros No — — — — — — Not restricted — Congo Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Prohibited under 5 yrs 3 27% All riders Cook Islands Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restrictedc 5 Costa Rica Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited under 5 yrs 5 98.3% Drivers, 91.8% Passengers Côte d’Ivoire Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 4 Croatia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 9 95% Drivers, 95% Passengers Cuba Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 7 yrs 8 95% Drivers, 90% Passengers Cyprus Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 7 75.1% Drivers, 68.3% Passengers Czechia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 9 Democratic Republic of the Congo Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 4 Denmark Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 5 yrs / 135 cm 98% Drivers Dominica No — — — — — — Not restricted — Dominican Republic Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited under 8 yrs 5 27% Drivers, 2% Passengers Ecuador Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 7 yrs 8 90% Drivers, 12 - 52% Passengers Egypt Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 3 El Salvador Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Not restricted 7 Equatorial Guinea Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Prohibited under 5 yrs 0 Eritrea Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 8 95% Drivers, 95% Passengers Estonia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 9 98% Drivers Eswatini Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 5 Ethiopia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 2 Fiji Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 8 yrsd 8 80% Drivers, 80% Passengers Finland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 9 98.3% All riders France Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 9 98% All riders Gabon Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Prohibited under 5 yrs 5 Gambia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 4 Georgia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 7 Germany Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Not restricted 99% Drivers, 100% Passengers Ghana Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 5 41.8% Drivers, 16.9% Passengers Greece Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 5 yrs 4 75% Drivers, 46% Passengers Grenada Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 1 Guatemala Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 4 36% Drivers, 11% Passengers 349 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Motorcycle helmet law Children passengers on motorcycles Enforcement Helmet wearing rate (%)National motorcycle helmet law Applies to driver Applies to adult passengers Applies to all roads Applies to all engines Helmet fastening required Standard referred to and / or specified Comoros No — — — — — — Not restricted — Congo Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Prohibited under 5 yrs 3 27% All riders Cook Islands Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restrictedc 5 Costa Rica Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited under 5 yrs 5 98.3% Drivers, 91.8% Passengers Côte d’Ivoire Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 4 Croatia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 9 95% Drivers, 95% Passengers Cuba Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 7 yrs 8 95% Drivers, 90% Passengers Cyprus Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 7 75.1% Drivers, 68.3% Passengers Czechia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 9 Democratic Republic of the Congo Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 4 Denmark Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 5 yrs / 135 cm 98% Drivers Dominica No — — — — — — Not restricted — Dominican Republic Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited under 8 yrs 5 27% Drivers, 2% Passengers Ecuador Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 7 yrs 8 90% Drivers, 12 - 52% Passengers Egypt Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 3 El Salvador Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Not restricted 7 Equatorial Guinea Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Prohibited under 5 yrs 0 Eritrea Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 8 95% Drivers, 95% Passengers Estonia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 9 98% Drivers Eswatini Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 5 Ethiopia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 2 Fiji Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 8 yrsd 8 80% Drivers, 80% Passengers Finland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 9 98.3% All riders France Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 9 98% All riders Gabon Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Prohibited under 5 yrs 5 Gambia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 4 Georgia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 7 Germany Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Not restricted 99% Drivers, 100% Passengers Ghana Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 5 41.8% Drivers, 16.9% Passengers Greece Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 5 yrs 4 75% Drivers, 46% Passengers Grenada Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 1 Guatemala Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 4 36% Drivers, 11% Passengers 350 Country / Area Motorcycle helmet law Children passengers on motorcycles Enforcement Helmet wearing rate (%)National motorcycle helmet law Applies to driver Applies to adult passengers Applies to all roads Applies to all engines Helmet fastening required Standard referred to and / or specified Guinea Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 4 7.9% All riders Guinea-Bissau Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 6 yrs 4 Guyana No — — — — — — Not restricted — 50% Drivers, 20% Passengers Honduras Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 4 Hungary Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 8 92.3% country roads, 100% Budapest % All riders Iceland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restrictede 9 India Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 4 30% Drivers, <10% Passengers Indonesia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 9 71.4% All riders Iran (Islamic Republic of) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 5 59% Drivers, 20% Passengers Iraq Yes Yes No Yes Yesf No No Not restricted 5 Ireland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 10 99.9% Drivers Israel Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 9 98% Drivers, 98% Passengers Italy Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 5 yrs 9 98% All riders Jamaica Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 2 6% Drivers, 2% Passengers Japan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 9 Jordan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 7 Kazakhstan Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 7 Kenya Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 3 35.1% Drivers, 2.8% Passengers Kiribati Yesg Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted Kuwait Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 3 Kyrgyzstan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 5 Lao People’s Democratic Republic Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 7 Latvia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 150 cm 7 Lebanon Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 10 yrs 5 Lesotho Yes Yes Yes Yes Noh No No Not restricted 8 75% Drivers, 3% Passengers Liberia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Prohibited under 13 yrs 1 Libya Yes No No Yes Yes No No Not restricted 1 Lithuania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 9 Luxembourg Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 10 Madagascar Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 2 Malawi Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Not restricted 2 Malaysia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 8 91.2% Drivers, 87% Passengers 351 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Motorcycle helmet law Children passengers on motorcycles Enforcement Helmet wearing rate (%)National motorcycle helmet law Applies to driver Applies to adult passengers Applies to all roads Applies to all engines Helmet fastening required Standard referred to and / or specified Guinea Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 4 7.9% All riders Guinea-Bissau Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 6 yrs 4 Guyana No — — — — — — Not restricted — 50% Drivers, 20% Passengers Honduras Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 4 Hungary Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 8 92.3% country roads, 100% Budapest % All riders Iceland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restrictede 9 India Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 4 30% Drivers, <10% Passengers Indonesia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 9 71.4% All riders Iran (Islamic Republic of) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 5 59% Drivers, 20% Passengers Iraq Yes Yes No Yes Yesf No No Not restricted 5 Ireland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 10 99.9% Drivers Israel Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 9 98% Drivers, 98% Passengers Italy Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 5 yrs 9 98% All riders Jamaica Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 2 6% Drivers, 2% Passengers Japan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 9 Jordan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 7 Kazakhstan Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 7 Kenya Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 3 35.1% Drivers, 2.8% Passengers Kiribati Yesg Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted Kuwait Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 3 Kyrgyzstan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 5 Lao People’s Democratic Republic Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 7 Latvia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 150 cm 7 Lebanon Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 10 yrs 5 Lesotho Yes Yes Yes Yes Noh No No Not restricted 8 75% Drivers, 3% Passengers Liberia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Prohibited under 13 yrs 1 Libya Yes No No Yes Yes No No Not restricted 1 Lithuania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 9 Luxembourg Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 10 Madagascar Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 2 Malawi Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Not restricted 2 Malaysia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 8 91.2% Drivers, 87% Passengers 352 Country / Area Motorcycle helmet law Children passengers on motorcycles Enforcement Helmet wearing rate (%)National motorcycle helmet law Applies to driver Applies to adult passengers Applies to all roads Applies to all engines Helmet fastening required Standard referred to and / or specified Maldives Yes Noi Noi No Yes No No Not restricted 5 Mali Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Not restricted 3 6.2% Drivers, 0.4% Passengers Malta Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 9 Mauritania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 3 Mauritius Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yesj Not restricted 10 Mexico No No No No No No No Not restricted — 83.1% Drivers, 55.4% Passengers Micronesia (Federated States of) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 7 Mongolia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restrictedk 1 Montenegro Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yesl Prohibited under 12 yrs 6 70% Drivers, 30% Passengers Morocco Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 7 64.4% Drivers, 30.5% Passengers Mozambique Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 7 yrs 4 Myanmar Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited until footrests can be reached 6 32% Drivers, 26.7% Passengers Namibia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Not restricted 7 Nepal Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 8 Netherlands Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Not restricted 5 99.9% Drivers, 84% Passengers New Zealand Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 9 Niger Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 5 Nigeria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 4 Norway Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 10 99% Drivers, 99% Passengers Oman Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 10 98% Drivers, 92% Passengers Pakistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 3 10.4% All riders Panama Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 6 Papua New Guinea Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted Paraguay Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 6 Peru Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 4 69.9% Drivers, 7.7% Passengers Philippines Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restrictedm 6 51.3% All riders, 86.7% Drivers Poland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restrictedn 7 99% Drivers, 100% Passengers Portugal Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 7 yrs 9 97.6% Drivers, 97.3% Passengers Qatar Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 9 Republic of Korea Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 6 86% Drivers, 40% Passengers Republic of Moldova Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 8 353 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Motorcycle helmet law Children passengers on motorcycles Enforcement Helmet wearing rate (%)National motorcycle helmet law Applies to driver Applies to adult passengers Applies to all roads Applies to all engines Helmet fastening required Standard referred to and / or specified Maldives Yes Noi Noi No Yes No No Not restricted 5 Mali Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Not restricted 3 6.2% Drivers, 0.4% Passengers Malta Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 9 Mauritania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 3 Mauritius Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yesj Not restricted 10 Mexico No No No No No No No Not restricted — 83.1% Drivers, 55.4% Passengers Micronesia (Federated States of) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 7 Mongolia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restrictedk 1 Montenegro Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yesl Prohibited under 12 yrs 6 70% Drivers, 30% Passengers Morocco Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 7 64.4% Drivers, 30.5% Passengers Mozambique Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 7 yrs 4 Myanmar Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited until footrests can be reached 6 32% Drivers, 26.7% Passengers Namibia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Not restricted 7 Nepal Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 8 Netherlands Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Not restricted 5 99.9% Drivers, 84% Passengers New Zealand Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 9 Niger Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 5 Nigeria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 4 Norway Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 10 99% Drivers, 99% Passengers Oman Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 10 98% Drivers, 92% Passengers Pakistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 3 10.4% All riders Panama Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 6 Papua New Guinea Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted Paraguay Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 6 Peru Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 4 69.9% Drivers, 7.7% Passengers Philippines Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restrictedm 6 51.3% All riders, 86.7% Drivers Poland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restrictedn 7 99% Drivers, 100% Passengers Portugal Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 7 yrs 9 97.6% Drivers, 97.3% Passengers Qatar Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 9 Republic of Korea Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 6 86% Drivers, 40% Passengers Republic of Moldova Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 8 354 Country / Area Motorcycle helmet law Children passengers on motorcycles Enforcement Helmet wearing rate (%)National motorcycle helmet law Applies to driver Applies to adult passengers Applies to all roads Applies to all engines Helmet fastening required Standard referred to and / or specified Romania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Prohibited under 14 yrso 7 Russian Federation Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 4 Rwanda Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Not restricted 10 Saint Lucia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 2 Samoa Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Not restricted 10 100% Drivers, 100% Passengers San Marino Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 10 Sao Tome and Principe Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Prohibited under 7 yrs 7 Saudi Arabia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 16 yrs 2 Senegal Yes No Yes Yes No No No Not restricted 5 Serbia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 8 85.7% Drivers,74.3 - 86.5% Passengers Seychelles Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Nop Prohibited under 10 yrs 7 Singapore Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 10 yrs 9 Slovakia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 8 Slovenia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrsq 8 Solomon Islands Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 6 Somalia No — — — — — — Not restricted — South Africa Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Not restricted 8 South Sudan No — — — — — — Not restricted — Spain Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited under 7 / 12 yrs 8 99% Drivers, 93.3% Passengers Sri Lanka Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 9 95% All riders Sudan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 3 Suriname Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Not restricted 7 95% Drivers, 92% Passengers Sweden Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 8 97 - 99 (97 for moped drivers)% All riders Switzerland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 9 100% Drivers Syrian Arab Republic Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No Not restricted 7 Tajikistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 6 Thailand Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 6 51% Drivers, 20% Passengers The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 7 Timor-Leste Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 7 Togo Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 7 Tonga Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 8 Trinidad and Tobago Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 9 355 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Motorcycle helmet law Children passengers on motorcycles Enforcement Helmet wearing rate (%)National motorcycle helmet law Applies to driver Applies to adult passengers Applies to all roads Applies to all engines Helmet fastening required Standard referred to and / or specified Romania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Prohibited under 14 yrso 7 Russian Federation Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 4 Rwanda Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Not restricted 10 Saint Lucia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 2 Samoa Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Not restricted 10 100% Drivers, 100% Passengers San Marino Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 10 Sao Tome and Principe Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Prohibited under 7 yrs 7 Saudi Arabia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 16 yrs 2 Senegal Yes No Yes Yes No No No Not restricted 5 Serbia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 8 85.7% Drivers,74.3 - 86.5% Passengers Seychelles Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Nop Prohibited under 10 yrs 7 Singapore Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 10 yrs 9 Slovakia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 8 Slovenia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrsq 8 Solomon Islands Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 6 Somalia No — — — — — — Not restricted — South Africa Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Not restricted 8 South Sudan No — — — — — — Not restricted — Spain Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited under 7 / 12 yrs 8 99% Drivers, 93.3% Passengers Sri Lanka Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 9 95% All riders Sudan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 3 Suriname Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Not restricted 7 95% Drivers, 92% Passengers Sweden Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 8 97 - 99 (97 for moped drivers)% All riders Switzerland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 9 100% Drivers Syrian Arab Republic Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No Not restricted 7 Tajikistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 6 Thailand Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 6 51% Drivers, 20% Passengers The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 7 Timor-Leste Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 7 Togo Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 7 Tonga Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 8 Trinidad and Tobago Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 9 356 Country / Area Motorcycle helmet law Children passengers on motorcycles Enforcement Helmet wearing rate (%)National motorcycle helmet law Applies to driver Applies to adult passengers Applies to all roads Applies to all engines Helmet fastening required Standard referred to and / or specified Tunisia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited under 6 yrs 3 Turkey Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 9 75% All riders Turkmenistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Prohibited under 12 yrs 9 Uganda Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 5 49% Drivers, 1% Passengers Ukraine Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs / 145 cm 3 United Arab Emirates Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 10 United Kingdom Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 9 United Republic of Tanzania Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 6 United States of America Yes Nor Nor No No No Yes Not restricteds 67.8% Drivers, 52.5% Passengers Uruguay Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited until footrests can be reached 7 80.2% Drivers, 71.2% Passengers Uzbekistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 10 Vanuatu Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 8 90% Drivers, 90% Passengers Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Prohibited under 10 yrs 3 Viet Nam Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 8 81% Drivers, 60.4% Passengers West Bank and Gaza Strip Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 5 Zimbabwe Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 8 a Restrictions vary depending on the type of motorcycles: children under 3 years are not allowed on mopeds and motorcycles, children under 8 years are not allowed on motorcycles over 125cc b Percentage are for day - and night -time observations, respectively c Obligation to use a helmet only applies to those riding on a motorcycle travelling above 40 km/h (except for specific provisions in Rarotonga - persons between 16 and 25 and visitors required to wear helmet at all speeds) d Except if motorcycle is fitted with one additional seat designed to transport children e Children who are 7 years or younger shall be placed in an appropriate child seat while children older than 7 years shall be able to have their feet reaching the pedals f Helmet use is required for motorcycles, defined as two or three wheeled vehicles powered by a mechanical engine of 125 cc or more. The use of motorcycles with an engine of less than 125cc is forbidden on public roads g Helmet provisions introduced by the Traffic Act 2017, at december 2017, the notice of commencment had not yet been signed h Does not apply to mopeds i Only required on roads where vehicles may be driven at a speed higher than the normal limit 357 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Motorcycle helmet law Children passengers on motorcycles Enforcement Helmet wearing rate (%)National motorcycle helmet law Applies to driver Applies to adult passengers Applies to all roads Applies to all engines Helmet fastening required Standard referred to and / or specified Tunisia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited under 6 yrs 3 Turkey Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 9 75% All riders Turkmenistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Prohibited under 12 yrs 9 Uganda Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 5 49% Drivers, 1% Passengers Ukraine Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs / 145 cm 3 United Arab Emirates Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 10 United Kingdom Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 9 United Republic of Tanzania Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 6 United States of America Yes Nor Nor No No No Yes Not restricteds 67.8% Drivers, 52.5% Passengers Uruguay Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited until footrests can be reached 7 80.2% Drivers, 71.2% Passengers Uzbekistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 10 Vanuatu Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 8 90% Drivers, 90% Passengers Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Prohibited under 10 yrs 3 Viet Nam Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 8 81% Drivers, 60.4% Passengers West Bank and Gaza Strip Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 5 Zimbabwe Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 8 j Reference is made to regulations to specify the types, shape and construction of helmets k Children under 12 can be transported on a motorcycle provided that there is a special support installed in the rear seat l As prescribed by the responsible state administration m Restrictions for children to ride as passengers on motorcycles are only set for some types of roads (where there is heavy volume of vehicles, a high density of fast moving vehicles or a speed limit of more that 60kph). on these roads conditons for children to be allowed to ride as passengers are follows: child’s feet can reach the foot peg of the motorcycle, child’s arm can reach and grasp the waist of the driver and child is wearing a standard protective helmet n Speed limit for motorcycles transporting a child under 7 is limited to 40 km/h o Children under 14 allowed to be transported in the motorcycle sidecar and must be held in the arms under 7 p Reference is made to regulations to specify helmet types, in 2017 these regulations were in the process of being developed q only children older than 12 years old are allowed to ride as passengers on motorcycles r About 40% of the states require helmets for both drivers and passengers on motorcycles s Less than 10% of the states prohibit that children ride as passengers on motorcycles 358 TABLE A7: SEAT-BELT LAWS, ENFORCEMENT AND WEARING RATES BY COUNTRY / AREA Country / Area National seat belt law Seat belt applies to Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rates (%) Drivers Front seat passengers Rear-seat passengers Drivers only Front-seat occupants Rear-seat occupants All occupants Afghanistan No — — — — Albania Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 95 85 80 87 Angola Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 60 40 10 65 Antigua and Barbuda No — — — — Argentina Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 50.2 40.8 23.1 43.6 Armenia Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 70 70 Australia Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 97 96 Austria Yes Yes Yes Yes — 95 95 93 Azerbaijan Yes Noa Noa Noa 7 80 40 20 30 Bangladesh No — — — — Barbados Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Belarus Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 Belgium Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 91.5 92.2 85.5 91.7 Belize Yes Yes Yes No 5 Benin No — — — — Bhutan Yes Yes Yes Yes 2 Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Yes Yes No No 2 20.8 3.5 0.5 9.7 Bosnia and Herzegovina Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 48 51 11 Botswana Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Brazil Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 79.4 50.2 Bulgaria Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 80 Burkina Faso Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Burundi Yes Yes Yes Yesb 7 Cabo Verde Yes Yes Yes No 5 Cambodia Yes Yes Yes Noc 7 Cameroon Yes Yes Yes No 6 Canada Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 95.7 95.2 89.2 95.3 Central African Republic Yes Yes Yes Nod 0 Chad Yes Yes Yes No 4 Chile Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 76 59 14 49.6 China Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 36.7 Colombia Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 75 64.2 2.2 47.1 Comoros No — — — — Congo Yes Yes Yes No 2 22 4 4 359 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 TABLE A7: SEAT-BELT LAWS, ENFORCEMENT AND WEARING RATES BY COUNTRY / AREA Country / Area National seat belt law Seat belt applies to Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rates (%) Drivers Front seat passengers Rear-seat passengers Drivers only Front-seat occupants Rear-seat occupants All occupants Afghanistan No — — — — Albania Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 95 85 80 87 Angola Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 60 40 10 65 Antigua and Barbuda No — — — — Argentina Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 50.2 40.8 23.1 43.6 Armenia Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 70 70 Australia Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 97 96 Austria Yes Yes Yes Yes — 95 95 93 Azerbaijan Yes Noa Noa Noa 7 80 40 20 30 Bangladesh No — — — — Barbados Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Belarus Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 Belgium Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 91.5 92.2 85.5 91.7 Belize Yes Yes Yes No 5 Benin No — — — — Bhutan Yes Yes Yes Yes 2 Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Yes Yes No No 2 20.8 3.5 0.5 9.7 Bosnia and Herzegovina Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 48 51 11 Botswana Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Brazil Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 79.4 50.2 Bulgaria Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 80 Burkina Faso Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Burundi Yes Yes Yes Yesb 7 Cabo Verde Yes Yes Yes No 5 Cambodia Yes Yes Yes Noc 7 Cameroon Yes Yes Yes No 6 Canada Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 95.7 95.2 89.2 95.3 Central African Republic Yes Yes Yes Nod 0 Chad Yes Yes Yes No 4 Chile Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 76 59 14 49.6 China Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 36.7 Colombia Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 75 64.2 2.2 47.1 Comoros No — — — — Congo Yes Yes Yes No 2 22 4 4 360 Country / Area National seat belt law Seat belt applies to Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rates (%) Drivers Front seat passengers Rear-seat passengers Drivers only Front-seat occupants Rear-seat occupants All occupants Cook Islands No — — — — Costa Rica Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 77.8 75.1 35.6 76.7 Côte d’Ivoire Yes Yes Yes No 4 Croatia Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 61.1 61.9 13.9 58 Cuba Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 35 30 Cyprus Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Czechia Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 95 98 72 Democratic Republic of the Congo Yes Yes Yes No 5 Denmark Yes Yes Yes Yes — 88/89/96 96 91 Dominica Yes Yes Yes Yes 1 Dominican Republic Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 45 18 5 34 Ecuador Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 80 26 2 36 Egypt Yes Yes Yes No 7 El Salvador Yes Yes Yes No 7 Equatorial Guinea Yes Yes Yes No 2 Eritrea Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 80 80 Estonia Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 97.8 97.3 81.8 95 Eswatini Yes Yes Yes No 9 Ethiopia Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 < 1 Fiji Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 90 75 5 72 Finland Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 96 95 85 94 France Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 98 88 Gabon Yes Yes Yes No 7 Gambia Yes Yes Yes No 6 Georgia Yes Yes Yes No 8 70 60 Germany Yes Yes Yes Yes 98 98 99 98 Ghana Yes Yes Yes Yes 3 55.6 18.4 3.5 35 Greece Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 77 74 23 72 Grenada Yes Yes Yes No 8 Guatemala Yes Yes Yes No 4 Guinea Yes Yes Yes No 3 Guinea-Bissau Yes Yes Yes No 1 Guyana Yes Yes Yes No 8 95 95 42 Honduras Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 361 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area National seat belt law Seat belt applies to Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rates (%) Drivers Front seat passengers Rear-seat passengers Drivers only Front-seat occupants Rear-seat occupants All occupants Cook Islands No — — — — Costa Rica Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 77.8 75.1 35.6 76.7 Côte d’Ivoire Yes Yes Yes No 4 Croatia Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 61.1 61.9 13.9 58 Cuba Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 35 30 Cyprus Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Czechia Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 95 98 72 Democratic Republic of the Congo Yes Yes Yes No 5 Denmark Yes Yes Yes Yes — 88/89/96 96 91 Dominica Yes Yes Yes Yes 1 Dominican Republic Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 45 18 5 34 Ecuador Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 80 26 2 36 Egypt Yes Yes Yes No 7 El Salvador Yes Yes Yes No 7 Equatorial Guinea Yes Yes Yes No 2 Eritrea Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 80 80 Estonia Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 97.8 97.3 81.8 95 Eswatini Yes Yes Yes No 9 Ethiopia Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 < 1 Fiji Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 90 75 5 72 Finland Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 96 95 85 94 France Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 98 88 Gabon Yes Yes Yes No 7 Gambia Yes Yes Yes No 6 Georgia Yes Yes Yes No 8 70 60 Germany Yes Yes Yes Yes 98 98 99 98 Ghana Yes Yes Yes Yes 3 55.6 18.4 3.5 35 Greece Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 77 74 23 72 Grenada Yes Yes Yes No 8 Guatemala Yes Yes Yes No 4 Guinea Yes Yes Yes No 3 Guinea-Bissau Yes Yes Yes No 1 Guyana Yes Yes Yes No 8 95 95 42 Honduras Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 362 Country / Area National seat belt law Seat belt applies to Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rates (%) Drivers Front seat passengers Rear-seat passengers Drivers only Front-seat occupants Rear-seat occupants All occupants Hungary Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 81.7 82.8 38.5 81 Iceland Yes Yes Yes Yes 9 90 93 86 90 India Yes Yes Yes Yes 3 14 - 40 3.5 - 11 Indonesia Yes Yes Yes No 8 69 Iran (Islamic Republic of) Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 95 93 15 68.5 Iraq Yes Yes No No 5 Ireland Yes Yes Yes Yes 10 92 94 74 91 Israel Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 91.2 88.7 69.7 87.9 Italy Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 61.9 15.4 Jamaica Yes Yes Yes Yes 3 51 54 4 Japan Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 99.5/98.5e 98/94.9f 71.8/36 94.9/89.5 Jordan Yes Yes Yes No 6 Kazakhstan Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Kenya Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 Kiribati Yes Yes Yes Yes 0 Kuwait Yes Yes Yes No 5 Kyrgyzstan Yes Noa Noa Noa 7 Lao People’s Democratic Republic Yes Yes Yes No 2 Latvia Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 81 84.7 53.0 Lebanon Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 Lesotho Yes Yes Yes No 7 Liberia No — — — — Libya Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Lithuania Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 97 30 94 Luxembourg Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 93 90 76 92 Madagascar Yes Yes Yes No 5 Malawi Yes Yes Yes No 3 25.8 21 Malaysia Yes Yes Yes No 4 82.9 73.8 9.6 48.4 Maldives Yes Nof Nog Nog 5 Mali Yesg Noh Noh Noh 4 20 Malta Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Mauritania Yes Yes Yes Noh 3 Mauritius Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 93.8 97.4 0.2 Mexico No No No No 6 81.4 49 5.6 58.9 363 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area National seat belt law Seat belt applies to Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rates (%) Drivers Front seat passengers Rear-seat passengers Drivers only Front-seat occupants Rear-seat occupants All occupants Hungary Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 81.7 82.8 38.5 81 Iceland Yes Yes Yes Yes 9 90 93 86 90 India Yes Yes Yes Yes 3 14 - 40 3.5 - 11 Indonesia Yes Yes Yes No 8 69 Iran (Islamic Republic of) Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 95 93 15 68.5 Iraq Yes Yes No No 5 Ireland Yes Yes Yes Yes 10 92 94 74 91 Israel Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 91.2 88.7 69.7 87.9 Italy Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 61.9 15.4 Jamaica Yes Yes Yes Yes 3 51 54 4 Japan Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 99.5/98.5e 98/94.9f 71.8/36 94.9/89.5 Jordan Yes Yes Yes No 6 Kazakhstan Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Kenya Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 Kiribati Yes Yes Yes Yes 0 Kuwait Yes Yes Yes No 5 Kyrgyzstan Yes Noa Noa Noa 7 Lao People’s Democratic Republic Yes Yes Yes No 2 Latvia Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 81 84.7 53.0 Lebanon Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 Lesotho Yes Yes Yes No 7 Liberia No — — — — Libya Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Lithuania Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 97 30 94 Luxembourg Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 93 90 76 92 Madagascar Yes Yes Yes No 5 Malawi Yes Yes Yes No 3 25.8 21 Malaysia Yes Yes Yes No 4 82.9 73.8 9.6 48.4 Maldives Yes Nof Nog Nog 5 Mali Yesg Noh Noh Noh 4 20 Malta Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Mauritania Yes Yes Yes Noh 3 Mauritius Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 93.8 97.4 0.2 Mexico No No No No 6 81.4 49 5.6 58.9 364 Country / Area National seat belt law Seat belt applies to Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rates (%) Drivers Front seat passengers Rear-seat passengers Drivers only Front-seat occupants Rear-seat occupants All occupants Micronesia (Federated States of) No — — — — Mongolia Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 Montenegro Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 60 40 5 35 Morocco Yes Yes Yes Noi 8 66.7 63.2 22.3 64 Mozambique Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Myanmar Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 7.4 Namibia Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Nepal Yes Yes Yes No 5 Netherlands Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 96.9 96.6 82 95.8 New Zealand Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 97 97 92 Niger No — — — — Nigeria Yes Yes Yes Yes 9 Norway Yes Yes Yes Yes 10 95.9 - 97.7j 95.2 - 95.7k 94.7 - 96k Oman Yes Yes Yes Yes 10 98 Pakistan Yes Yes No No 6 Panama Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Papua New Guinea Yes Yes Yes Yes — Paraguay Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Peru Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 58.2 15.8 0.4 32.3 Philippines Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 79.7 Poland Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 95 96 76 94 Portugal Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 96.4 95.7 77.2 94.9 Qatar Yes Yes Yes No 7 Republic of Korea Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 94 83 30 84 Republic of Moldova Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 65.5 61.8 17.5 Romania Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Russian Federation Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 76 - 86 66 - 83 20 - 50 Rwanda Yes Yes Yes No 8 Saint Lucia Yes Yes Yes No 7 Samoa Yes Yes Yes No 10 100 100 100 100 San Marino Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 Sao Tome and Principe Yes Yes Yes No 2 Saudi Arabia Yes Yes Yes Yes 3 Senegal Yes Yes Yes No 6 365 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area National seat belt law Seat belt applies to Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rates (%) Drivers Front seat passengers Rear-seat passengers Drivers only Front-seat occupants Rear-seat occupants All occupants Micronesia (Federated States of) No — — — — Mongolia Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 Montenegro Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 60 40 5 35 Morocco Yes Yes Yes Noi 8 66.7 63.2 22.3 64 Mozambique Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Myanmar Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 7.4 Namibia Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Nepal Yes Yes Yes No 5 Netherlands Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 96.9 96.6 82 95.8 New Zealand Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 97 97 92 Niger No — — — — Nigeria Yes Yes Yes Yes 9 Norway Yes Yes Yes Yes 10 95.9 - 97.7j 95.2 - 95.7k 94.7 - 96k Oman Yes Yes Yes Yes 10 98 Pakistan Yes Yes No No 6 Panama Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Papua New Guinea Yes Yes Yes Yes — Paraguay Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Peru Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 58.2 15.8 0.4 32.3 Philippines Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 79.7 Poland Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 95 96 76 94 Portugal Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 96.4 95.7 77.2 94.9 Qatar Yes Yes Yes No 7 Republic of Korea Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 94 83 30 84 Republic of Moldova Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 65.5 61.8 17.5 Romania Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Russian Federation Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 76 - 86 66 - 83 20 - 50 Rwanda Yes Yes Yes No 8 Saint Lucia Yes Yes Yes No 7 Samoa Yes Yes Yes No 10 100 100 100 100 San Marino Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 Sao Tome and Principe Yes Yes Yes No 2 Saudi Arabia Yes Yes Yes Yes 3 Senegal Yes Yes Yes No 6 366 Country / Area National seat belt law Seat belt applies to Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rates (%) Drivers Front seat passengers Rear-seat passengers Drivers only Front-seat occupants Rear-seat occupants All occupants Serbia Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 77.0 75.1 10.1 66.2 Seychelles Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Singapore Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 Slovakia Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 Slovenia Yes Yes Yes Yes 9 90.4 91.8 68.6 82.2 Solomon Islands No — — — — Somalia No — — — — South Africa Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 33 31 South Sudan No — — — — Spain Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 90.3 90.5 80.6 88.3 Sri Lanka Yes Yes Yes No 8 75 75 75 Sudan Yes Yes Yes No 5 Suriname Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 75 75 8 Sweden Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 98 96 90 97 Switzerland Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 94 94 86 Syrian Arab Republic Yes Yes Yes No 7 90 90 Tajikistan Yes Yes Yes No 3 Thailand Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 58 40 The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 21 19.8 3.1 14.6 Timor-Leste Yes Yes Yes Yes 2 Togo Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Tonga No — — — — Trinidad and Tobago Yes Yes Yes No 8 Tunisia Yes Yes Yes Yes 3 Turkey Yes Yes Yes Yes 9 50.1 40.6 Turkmenistan Yes Yes Yes Yes 10 Uganda Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 Ukraine Yes Yes Yes Yes 3 United Arab Emirates Yes Yes Yes Yes 10 United Kingdom Yes Yes Yes Yes 10 95.3 - 98k 94.6 - 98l 90.3 - 94l 97.5 - 98l United Republic of Tanzania Yes Yes Yes No 8 United States of America Yes Yes Yes Nol — 90.5 90.1 74.8 90.1 Uruguay Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 69.1 62.8 33 62.8 367 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area National seat belt law Seat belt applies to Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rates (%) Drivers Front seat passengers Rear-seat passengers Drivers only Front-seat occupants Rear-seat occupants All occupants Serbia Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 77.0 75.1 10.1 66.2 Seychelles Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Singapore Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 Slovakia Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 Slovenia Yes Yes Yes Yes 9 90.4 91.8 68.6 82.2 Solomon Islands No — — — — Somalia No — — — — South Africa Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 33 31 South Sudan No — — — — Spain Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 90.3 90.5 80.6 88.3 Sri Lanka Yes Yes Yes No 8 75 75 75 Sudan Yes Yes Yes No 5 Suriname Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 75 75 8 Sweden Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 98 96 90 97 Switzerland Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 94 94 86 Syrian Arab Republic Yes Yes Yes No 7 90 90 Tajikistan Yes Yes Yes No 3 Thailand Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 58 40 The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 21 19.8 3.1 14.6 Timor-Leste Yes Yes Yes Yes 2 Togo Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Tonga No — — — — Trinidad and Tobago Yes Yes Yes No 8 Tunisia Yes Yes Yes Yes 3 Turkey Yes Yes Yes Yes 9 50.1 40.6 Turkmenistan Yes Yes Yes Yes 10 Uganda Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 Ukraine Yes Yes Yes Yes 3 United Arab Emirates Yes Yes Yes Yes 10 United Kingdom Yes Yes Yes Yes 10 95.3 - 98k 94.6 - 98l 90.3 - 94l 97.5 - 98l United Republic of Tanzania Yes Yes Yes No 8 United States of America Yes Yes Yes Nol — 90.5 90.1 74.8 90.1 Uruguay Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 69.1 62.8 33 62.8 368 Country / Area National seat belt law Seat belt applies to Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rates (%) Drivers Front seat passengers Rear-seat passengers Drivers only Front-seat occupants Rear-seat occupants All occupants Uzbekistan Yes Yes No No 5 Vanuatu Yes Yes Yes No 2 41 20 10 20 Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Viet Nam Yes Yes Yes No 6 West Bank and Gaza Strip Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Zimbabwe Yes Yes Yes No 7 a The obligation to use seat belt does not apply in residential areas nor for children under 12 b Legislation requires drivers and passengers «and particularly those sitting in the front» to use a seat belt c Obligation to use seat belts for all passengers only applies outside cities and densely populated areas. Inside cities and densely populated areas, only the driver and front seat passenger sare required to wear a seat belt d Rear seat passengers as children under 12 are not subject to the obligation to use a seat belt e Percentage are for expressways and other roads, respectively f Only required on roads where vehicles may be driven at a speed higher than the normal limit g Seat belts are only required outside cities h The use of seat belt for rear seat passengers is only required outside urban areas i For rear seat passengers, seat-belt required only outside cities j Percentages reflect «urban» and «outside urban» areas, respectively k Percentage are for «England and Scotland» and «NI», respectively l About 40% of the states do not require seat belt for rear seats passengers 369 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area National seat belt law Seat belt applies to Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rates (%) Drivers Front seat passengers Rear-seat passengers Drivers only Front-seat occupants Rear-seat occupants All occupants Uzbekistan Yes Yes No No 5 Vanuatu Yes Yes Yes No 2 41 20 10 20 Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Viet Nam Yes Yes Yes No 6 West Bank and Gaza Strip Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Zimbabwe Yes Yes Yes No 7 370 TABLE A8: CHILD RESTRAINTS LAWS, ENFORCEMENT AND PERCENTAGE/ RATES OF CHILD RESTRAINT USE BY COUNTRY / AREA Country / Area Child restraint systems law Children seated in front seat Enforcement Percentage of children using child restraints National child restraint law Up to Child restraints required Standard referred to and / or specified Afghanistan No — — Not restricted — – Albania Yes Up to 4 yrs Yes Allowed in a child restrainta 6 – Angola Yes Up to 12 yrs / 36 kg / 150 cm Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs /150 cm 5 – Antigua and Barbuda No — — Not restricted — – Argentina Yes Up to 4 yrsb No Prohibited under 10 yrs — 26.4 Armenia No — — Allowed in a child restraintc — – Australia Yes Up to 7 yrs Yes Prohibited under 7 yrsd 7 – Austria Yes Up to 14 yrs / 150 cm Yes Allowed in a child restraint — 97 (Rear seats) Azerbaijan Noe — — Allowed in a child restrainte — – Bangladesh No — — Not restricted — – Barbados Yes Up to 4 yrs Yes Prohibited under 4 yrs 4 – Belarus Yes Up to 5 yrsf Yes Allowed in a child restraintg 8 – Belgium Yes Up to 18 yrs / 135 cm Yes h Allowed in a child restrainti 5 89 Belize No — — Not restricted — – Benin No — — Not restricted — — Bhutan No — — Not restricted — – Bolivia (Plurinational State of) No — — Not restricted — — Bosnia and Herzegovina Yes Up to 12 yrsj No Prohibited under 12 yrsk 8l 40 Botswana Yes Up to 5 yrs No Prohibited under 5 yrs 5 – Brazil Yes Up to 7.5 yrs Yes Prohibited under 10 yrs 7 57 Bulgaria Yes Up to 150 cm Yes Allowed in a child restrainti 6 – Burkina Faso Yes Up to 8 yrs No Prohibited under 7 yrs 0 – Burundi No — — Prohibited under 13 yrs — — Cabo Verde Nom — — Allowed in a child restraintn — – Cambodia Yeso Up to 4 yrs No Prohibited under 10 yrsp 0 – Cameroon No — — Not restricted — — Canada Yes —q Yes Allowed in a child restraint 8 91 Central African Republic No — — Not restrictedr — – Chad No — — Not restricted — — 371 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Child restraint systems law Children seated in front seat Enforcement Percentage of children using child restraints National child restraint law Up to Child restraints required Standard referred to and / or specified Chile Yes Up to 8 yrs / 33 kg / 135 cm Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 4 73 China No — — Not restricted — – Colombia Nos — — Prohibited under 10 yrs — 7.1 Comoros No — — Not restricted — — Congo No — — Not restricted — – Cook Islands No — — Not restricted — — Costa Rica Yes Up to 12 yrs / 145 cm No Prohibited under 12 yrs / 145 cm 5 – Côte d’Ivoire No — — Not restricted — — Croatia Yes Up to 135 - 150 cmt No Prohibited under 150 cm 5 — Cuba Nou — — Prohibited under 12 yrs — – Cyprus Yes Up to 135 - 150 cmt Yes Allowed in a child restraint i 6 – Czechia Yes Up to 36 kg / 150 cm Yes Allowed in a child restraint i 8 – Democratic Republic of the Congo No — — Prohibited under 12 yrs — — Denmark Yes Up to 135 cm Yes Allowed in a child restraintv — 97 Dominica No — — Not restricted — — Dominican Republic Yes Up to 6 yrsw Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 4 – Ecuador Yesx —x No Prohibited under 12 yrs 5 15 Egypt No — — Prohibited under 7 yrs — — El Salvador Yes Up to 2 yrs / 15 kg No Not restricted y — — Equatorial Guinea No — — Not restricted — – Eritrea Noz — — Prohibited under 9 yrsaa — – Estonia Yesab — No Not restricted 8 98 Eswatini No — — Not restricted — — Ethiopia Noac — — Prohibited under 13 yrs — – Fiji Yesad Up to 8 yrs No Allowed in a child restraint 3 – Finland Yes Up to 135 cm Yes Allowed in a child restrainti 8 97 France Yes Up to 10 yrs Yes Prohibited under 10 yrsae 9 – 372 Country / Area Child restraint systems law Children seated in front seat Enforcement Percentage of children using child restraints National child restraint law Up to Child restraints required Standard referred to and / or specified Gabon No — — Not restricted — — Gambia Yes Up to 5 yrs No Allowed in a child restraint — — Georgia No — — Prohibited under 12 yrs — – Germany Yes Up to 12 yrs / 150 cm Yes Allowed in a child restraint — 97 - 99 Ghana No — — Prohibited under 5 yrsaf — – Greece Yes Up to 135 - 150 cmag Yes Allowed in a child restraint 2 67 Grenada No — — Not restricted — — Guatemala No — — Not restricted — — Guinea Yes Up to 18 mthsah No Prohibited under 10 yrs — – Guinea-Bissau Yes Up to 12 yrs /135 cm No Prohibited under 12 yrs / 135 cm 0 – Guyana Yesai — No Not restricted 0 – Honduras Noaj — — Prohibited under 12 yrs — — Hungary Yes Up to 135 - 150 cmak Yes Allowed in a child restraint 7 67 Iceland Yes Up to 135 cm Yes Allowed in a child restraintal 9 93 India No — — Not restricted — — Indonesia No — — Not restricted — – Iran (Islamic Republic of) No — — Prohibited under 12 yrs — – Iraq No — — Prohibitedam — — Ireland Yes Up to 36 kg / 150 cm Yes Allowed in a child restraint i 10 – Israel Yes Up to 8 yrsan Yes Allowed in a child restraint 6 52 Italy Yes Up to 150 cm Yes Allowed in a child restrainti 6 38 Jamaica Yesai — Yes Not restricted 2 – Japan Yes Up to 6 yrs Yes Allowed in a child restraint 7 64 Jordan No — — Prohibited under 10 yrs — – Kazakhstan Yes —ao Yesao Allowed in a child restraint 7 – Kenya No — — Not restricted — — Kiribati Noap — — Not restricted — — Kuwait No — — Prohibited under 10 yrs — — 373 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Child restraint systems law Children seated in front seat Enforcement Percentage of children using child restraints National child restraint law Up to Child restraints required Standard referred to and / or specified Kyrgyzstan Noaq — — Allowed in a child restraintar — – Lao People’s Democratic Republic Yes as — No Not restricted 1 – Latvia Yes Up to 150 cm No Allowed in a child restraintat 7 – Lebanon Yes Up to 5 yrsau No Prohibited under 10 yrs 3 – Lesotho No — — Not restricted — — Liberia No — — Not restricted — — Libya No — — Not restricted — – Lithuania Yes Up to 135 cm Yes Allowed in a child restraintav 8 – Luxembourg Yes Up to 17 yrs / 150 cm Yes Allowed in a child restraint i 8 – Madagascar No — — Prohibited under 5 yrs — – Malawi No — — Not restricted — — Malaysia No — — Not restricted — — Maldives No — — Not restricted — – Mali Noaw — — Prohibited under 10 yrs — – Malta Yes Up to 3 yrsax Yes Allowed in a child restraint 3 – Mauritania No — — Prohibited under 10 yrs — — Mauritius No — — Prohibited under 10 yrs — — Mexico No — — Not restricted — 13.7 Micronesia (Federated States of) No — — Not restricted — — Mongolia No — — Not restricted — – Montenegro Yes Up to 5 yrs No Prohibited under 12 yrsay 4 – Morocco No — — Prohibited under 10 yrs — – Mozambique Yes Up to 12 yrs No Prohibited under 12 yrsaz 4 – Myanmar No — — Not restricted — – Namibia Noba — — Not restricted — – Nepal No — — Not restricted — – Netherlands Yes Up to 18 yrs / 135 cm Yes Allowed in a child restraint i 6 – New Zealand Yes Up to 7 yrs No Allowed in a child restraint 8 93 and 95bb Niger No — — Not restricted — – 374 Country / Area Child restraint systems law Children seated in front seat Enforcement Percentage of children using child restraints National child restraint law Up to Child restraints required Standard referred to and / or specified Nigeria Yes Up to 7 yrs No Prohibited under 7 yrs 3 – Norway Yes Up to 135 - 150 cmbc Yes Allowed in a child restraint i 10 – Oman Yes Up to 4 yrs No Prohibited under 10 yrs 7 – Pakistan No — — Not restricted — – Panama Nobd — — Prohibited under 5 yrs — – Papua New Guinea No — — Not restrictedbe — — Paraguay Yes Up to 5 yrs No Prohibited under 10 yrs 2 – Peru Yes Up to 3 yrsbf Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 1 <1 Philippines No — — Prohibited under 6 yrsbg — — Poland Yes Up to 135 - 150 cmbc Yes Allowed in a child restraint i 7 93 Portugal Yes Up to 12 yrs / 135 cm Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs /135 cmbh 8 91 - 100 Qatar No — — Prohibited under 10 yrs — 72 Republic of Korea Nobi — — Allowed in a child restraintbj — 40 - 42 Republic of Moldova Yesbk — No Prohibited under 12 yrs 8 50 Romania Yes Up to 135 cm Yes Allowed in a child restraintbl 7 – Russian Federation Yesbm Up to 7 yrsbn Yes Allowed in a child restraintbo 7 49 - 52 Rwanda No — — Not restricted — — Saint Lucia No — — Not restricted — — Samoa Nobp — — Not restrictedbq — – San Marino Yes Up to 150 cm Yes Allowed in a child restraint 8 – Sao Tome and Principe Nobr — — Prohibited under 12 yrs / 150 cmbs — – Saudi Arabia Yes —bt No Prohibited under 10 yrs 1 – Senegal No — — Not restricted — – Serbia Yes Up to 3 yrs Yes Prohibited under 12 yrsbu 3 28 Seychelles Yesbv —bw No Not restricted 5 – Singapore Yes Up to 135 cm Yes Allowed in a child restraint 8 – Slovakia Yes Up to 150 cm Yes Allowed in a child restrainti 8 – Slovenia Yes Up to 150 cm No Allowed in a child restrainti 9 – 375 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Child restraint systems law Children seated in front seat Enforcement Percentage of children using child restraints National child restraint law Up to Child restraints required Standard referred to and / or specified Solomon Islands No — — Not restricted — — Somalia No — — Not restricted — – South Africa Yes Up to 3 yrs Yes Not restrictedbx 5 – South Sudan No — — Not restricted — — Spain Yes Up to 135 cm Yes Prohibited under 135 cmby 8 88 Sri Lanka No — — Not restricted — – Sudan No — — Prohibited under 10 yrs — – Suriname Yesbz —bz No Allowed in a child restraint 4 – Sweden Yes Up to 135 cm Yes Allowed in a child restrainti 6 96 Switzerland Yes Up to 12 yrs / 150 cmca Yes Allowed in a child restraint 7 93 Syrian Arab Republic No — — Prohibited under 12 yrs — – Tajikistan Nocb — — Allowed in a child restraintcc — – Thailand No — — Not restricted — – The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Yes Up to 5 yrs No Prohibited under 12 yrs cd 7 – Timor-Leste No — — Prohibited under 12 yrsce — – Togo No — — Not restricted — — Tonga No — — Not restricted — — Trinidad and Tobago Yes Up to 5 yrs Yes Prohibited under 5 yrs 3 – Tunisia No — — Prohibited under 10 yrs — – Turkey Yes Up to 36 kg / 135 - 150 cmcf Yes Allowed in a child restraint i 9 – Turkmenistan Nocg — — Allowed in a child restraintch — – Uganda No — — Not restricted — — Ukraine Yesci — No Allowed in a child restraintcj 2 – United Arab Emirates Yes Up to 4 yrs ck Yes Prohibited under 10 yrs / 145 cm 7 – United Kingdom Yes Up to 12 yrs / 135 cm Yes Allowed in a child restraint 10 95 (NI) United Republic of Tanzania No — — Not restricted — — United States of America Yes —cl Yes Allowed in a child restraint — 89 376 Country / Area Child restraint systems law Children seated in front seat Enforcement Percentage of children using child restraints National child restraint law Up to Child restraints required Standard referred to and / or specified Uruguay Yes Up to 12 yrs / 36 kg / 150 cm Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs / 150 cm 4 23 Uzbekistan No — — Allowed in a child restraint — — Vanuatu Nocm — — Allowed in a child restraintcn — – Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Yes co — No Prohibited under 10 yrs 3 – Viet Nam No — — Not restricted — — West Bank and Gaza Strip Yes Up to 14 yrs Yes cp Allowed in a child restraint 3 – Zimbabwe No — — Prohibited under 10 yrs — – a Children under 12 years can travel in the front if placed in an appropriate restraining device (with airbag deactivated for rear-facing restraint) b A 2018 amendment (not covered in the review period ending at December 2017) raised the age for mandatory child restraint use to 10 years old c Transport of children under 12 years in the front seat shall be made in a «child protecting device» d In no circumstances are children under 4 years allowed to sit in the front. Children from 4 to 7 years can sit in the front only if there is no room for them in the back due to the back seats being occupied by other children under 7 years e Child restraint systems are only required for children under 12 years seated in the front f For children aged 5-12 years, either CRS or «other means» (than CRS) can be used to secure the child using the seat belt g If rear-facing child restraints, airbag shall be deactivated h All child restraints sold in Belgium must comply with UNECE regulation i Provided that airbag is deactivated if child is in a rear-facing child restraint system j Children aged 5-12 years can be either restrained in a booster seat or in a child restraint k By exception, a child under 2 years can be seated in the front if there is no airbag installed or if the airbag is deactivated when the child is seated in a rear-facing seat l Data only for Republic od Srpska m The legislation refers to the use of either child restraint systems or seat-belts for children n Children under 12 yrs / 150 cm shall normally sit in the rear except if placed in a suitable restraint o Enters into force in January 2020 p Ban on children under 10 years travelling in front seats enters into force in January 2020 q Child restraint laws are enacted at subnational level. While all provinces require the use of child restraints, they provide different age / height criteria to specify the period for mandatory use of child restraint / booster seats r Legislation only recommends («as far as possible») to place children under 12 years in the rear s A child under 2 years travelling with a driver only shall be placed in a child restraint. If there is an adult passenger, the child can be held by the adult instead of being placed in a child restraint. t A child of height 135-150 cm can be restrained with an adult seat belt only provided that this child sits in the rear of the car u Children under 2 years shall be either accompanied by adults or restrained with special accessories 377 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 v Provided that airbag is deactivated if a rear-facing restraint is used w Children aged 6-12 years shall be placed in a booster seat x The legislation refers to seat belt or child restraints for children under 12 years but does not yet specify a minimum age / height / weight under which only child restraint systems can be used y Except for children under 2 yrs old or 15 kg who are required to be transported in a child restraint z Legislation refers to the use of child restraint or seat belts for «children over 9» while children under 3 years are required to be placed in a restraint only while seated in the front aa Except for an infant under 3 years fitted in a proper restraint ab The legislation generally states that children not tall enough to wear a seat belt must be secured by a safety device corresponding to the height and weight of the child but does not specify age / height / weight group covered ac Legislation requires that children under 7 years be either accompanied by an adult or «hugged by an instrument made for safety purpose» ad The obligation to use a child restraint for children under 8 years sitting in the rear is subject to the availability of a restraint system in the car ae By exception, children under 10 years can sit in the front if placed in a rear-facing child restraint (if front airbag is deactivated) or if there are no available rear seats af Under the road traffic act, children aged 5 years and below shall not sit in the front, while under the road traffic regulations they can sit in the front if placed in a child restraint ag The use of seat belt is allowed for children of height 135-150 cm sitting in the rear ah The legislation refers to homologated seats for children under 18 months and to cribs and hammocks for children under 10 years ai The legislation refers to child restraint system for children but does not specify the age / height group covered by this obligation aj Legislation refers to the protection of children under 5 years but does not specify which form this protection takes ak Children of height 135 - 150 cm can be restrained with seat belts only if they sit in the back al Seating of children under 150 cm allowed in the front only if front airbag deactivated am The law prohibits children to sit in the front but does not specify the age, size or weight of children concerned an For children under 3 years, a child restraint is required (an a rear facing child restraint for children under one year) while for children aged 3-8 years the legislation refers either to child restraint or booster seat use ao The legislation requires that children under 12 years be placed in a child restraint or «other means» used in conjunction with a seat belt ap The traffic act 2017 requires children aged 1-16 years to be either seated in the back with a seat belt or restrained by passenger over 16 yrs aq Legislation only refers to the use of child restraints for children under 12 years travelling in the front ar Children under 12 years travelling in the front of a car must be placed in a child restraint as The law states that children unable to wear normal seat belts must be placed in a child restraint seat but no specific age / weight / height is specified at Except if no seat belt is fitted in the vehicle, in which case children under 150 cm shall be travelling in the rear au Legislation refers to regulations to further specify the child restraint rules av If transported in rear facing restraints, airbag must be deactivated aw Children under 13 years can be restrained either by a child restraint systems or a seat belt ax Legislation refers to child restraint use for children up to 12 yrs /150 cm but allows children aged 3 year and over, in the absence of an available restraint, to travel in the rear without a restraint. For children under 3 years, a child restraint shall be mandatorily used ay By exception, a child under 3 years can be transported in the front of the vehicle if placed in a rear-facing restraint provided that airbag is deactivated az Except for infants under 3 years in a rear-facing child restraint air airbag deactivated ba The law requires the use of child restraints for children (defined as people between the age of 3 and 14) if available or the use of a seat belt if a child restraint is not available if an unoccupied seat fitted with a seat belt is available bb 93% 0-4 years, 95% 5-9 years bc Child restraints are required for children under 150 cm. By exception, children of height 135-150 cm can be restrained with a seat belt only if sitting in the rear bd Children under 2 years shall be placed in a child restraint only where there is no other passenger seated in the rear be Children can sit in the front as long as they are using a seat belt bf Legislation requires the use of the seat belt for children from 3-12 years old bg Ban on front seating set for children aged 6 years and below bh Except for children under 3 years in a rear-facing child restraint with airbag deactivated bi Only required for small children (defined as children under 6) sitting in the front bj Safety seats required for small children (defined as children under 6) sitting in the front bk The legislation refers to the use of child restraint systems or other means to transport children under 12 years bl If in accordance with the manufacturer’s instruction and for rear-facing restraint if airbag is deactivated bm Since 2017, child restraint systems are the only form of restraint allowed for children under 7 years old (before the 2017 revision, children under 12 were to be restrained either in a child restraint or by «other means») bn For children aged 7-11 years old (included) sitting in the rear, child restraint or seat belt can be used bo Children up to 11 years old (included) while sitting in the front shall be placed in a child restraint, children aged 12 years and more can sit in the front without a child restraint bp Legislation refers to either child restraint or seat belt to restrain children under 12 years bq Except if child restraint or seat belt are available in the front seat br Legislation refers to either child restraint or seat belt use to transport children bs Except if the vehicle does not have rear seats provided and such transportation is made in a child restraint (with airbag deactivated if a rear-facing restraint is being used) bt Reference is made to special seats to be used for children with no details as to the specific age / height under which children should be mandatorily placed in them bu Except for children under 3 years if airbag is deactivated bv The legislation refers to the use of child restraint systems for infant or child passenger but does not refer to a specific age/ height up to which the use of child restraint is mandatory 378 bw Obligation not based on age / height or weight bx Obligation to place children in the rear only applies in vehicles not fitted with seat belts and having rear seats by Front seating for children under 135 cm is only allowed as an exception if there are no seats in the back or all other seats are occupied by children bz For children under 10 years, the legislation refers to the use of child restraint system (CRS) where available and appropriate, and specifies that in the absence of child restraint, seat belts are to be used ca Children under 12 years and less than 150 cm shall be placed in a child restraint cb Legislation refers to the use of child restraints or «other means» to secure children up to 12 years old but allows the transport of children under 12 years on the knees of an adult passenger seated in the back with the seat belt fastened cc Front seating of children under 12 years allowed if a child restraint is being used cd Except for children under 2 years in a rear-facing child restraint if airbag is deactivated ce Unless the vehicle does not have a back seat and such transportation is carried out by using an approved child restraint, appropriate to the child’s size and weight cf Child restraints are required for children under 150 cm, by exception, children of height 135-150 cm can be restrained with a seat belt only if they sit in the back cg Special seating equipment for children under 12 years is only mentioned only in relation with front seating ch Law does not specifically refer to child restraint system but to «special seating equipment» for children under 12 years ci The legislation refers to the use of «special means» to be used in conjunction with the seat belt to restraint children under 12 years and 145 cm cj No specific reference to child restraint but to «special means» for children under 145 cm and 12 years sitting in the front ck Child restraints are required for children aged 4 and below cl Child restraint laws are enacted at subnational level. While all states require the use of child restraints, they provide different age / weight / height criteria to specify the period for mandatory use of child restraints/ booster seats cm Legislation allows that infants (defined as children under 3 years) be held by a responsible person as an alternative to using special seats cn Infant (defined as children under 3 years) shall be placed in a restraining seat while travelling in the front co The law requires «infants» to use «special seats for that purpose» but does not specify the age for children falling into the «infants» category cp Law refers to a device of the type validated by the lincesing authrotiy to restraint children under 14 years 379 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 TABLE A9: MOBILE PHONE LAWS BY COUNTRY / AREA Country / Area National mobile phone law Mobile phone law Any data on use of mobile phone while driving Applies to hand- held phone use Applies to hands- free phone use Afghanistan No — — No Albania Yes Yes No Yes Angola Yes Yes No Yes Antigua and Barbuda No — — No Argentina Yes Yes Yes Yes Armenia Yes Yes No Yes Australia Yes Yes No Yes Austria Yes Yes No Yesa Azerbaijan Yes Yes No No Bangladesh No — — No Barbados Yes Yes No No Belarus Yes Yes No Yes Belgium Yes Yes No Yesa Belize No — — No Benin Yes Yes Yes No Bhutan Yes Yes No No Bolivia (Plurinational State of) No — — No Bosnia and Herzegovina Yes Yes No Yesa Botswana Yes Yes No Yes Brazil Yes Yes Yes Yesa Bulgaria Yes Yes No No Burkina Faso Yes Yes No No Burundi Yes Yes Yes No Cabo Verde Yes Yes No Yes Cambodia Yes Yes No No Cameroon Yes Yes Yes No Canada Yes Yes No Yesa Central African Republic Yes Yes Yes No Chad Yes Yes Yes No Chile Yes Yes No Yes China Yes Yes No Yes Colombia Yes Yes No No Comoros No — — No Congo Yes Yes Yes No 380 Country / Area National mobile phone law Mobile phone law Any data on use of mobile phone while driving Applies to hand- held phone use Applies to hands- free phone use Cook Islands No — — No Costa Rica Yes Yes No Yes Côte d’Ivoire Yes Yes Yes No Croatia Yes Yes No Yesa Cuba Yes Yes Yes Yes Cyprus Yes Yes No Yes Czechia Yes Yes No Yesa Democratic Republic of the Congo No — — No Denmark Yes Yes No No Dominica No — — — Dominican Republic Yes Yes No Yesa Ecuador Yes Yes No Yes Egypt Yes Yes No No El Salvador Yes Yes Yes Yes Equatorial Guinea Yes Yes Yes No Eritrea Yes Yes No Yes Estonia Yes Yes No Yes Eswatini Yes Yes No No Ethiopia Yes Yes Yes Yes Fiji Yes Yes Yes Yes Finland Yes Yes No Yesa France Yes Yes No Yes Gabon Yes Yes Yes No Gambia Yes Yes No No Georgia Yes Yes No Yes Germany Yes Yes No Yesa Ghana Yes Yes No No Greece Yes Yes No Yesa Grenada No — — No Guatemala Yes Yes No Yes Guinea Yes Yes No No Guinea-Bissau Yes Yes No Yes Guyana Yes Yes No Yes 381 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area National mobile phone law Mobile phone law Any data on use of mobile phone while driving Applies to hand- held phone use Applies to hands- free phone use Honduras Yes Yes Yes Yes Hungary Yes Yes No Yes Iceland Yes Yes No Yes India Yes Yes Yes Yes Indonesia Yes No No Yes Iran (Islamic Republic of) Yes Yes Yes No Iraq Yes Yes Yes No Ireland Yes Yes No Yes Israel Yes Yes No — Italy Yes Yes No Yesa Jamaica No — — Yes Japan Yes Yes No Yes Jordan Yes Yes No No Kazakhstan Yes Yes No Yes Kenya Yes Yes No No Kiribati Yes Yes No No Kuwait Yes Yes No No Kyrgyzstan Yes Yes No Yes Lao People’s Democratic Republic Yes Yes Yes No Latvia Yes Yes No No Lebanon Yes Yes Yes No Lesotho No — — No Liberia No — — No Libya Yes No No Yes Lithuania Yes Yes No Yes Luxembourg Yes Yes No No Madagascar Yes Yes No No Malawi Yes Yes No Yesa Malaysia Yes Yes No Yesa Maldives Yes Yes No No Mali Yes Yes No Yesa Malta Yes Yes No No Mauritania Yes Yes Yes Yes 382 Country / Area National mobile phone law Mobile phone law Any data on use of mobile phone while driving Applies to hand- held phone use Applies to hands- free phone use Mauritius Yes Yes Yes Yes Mexico No No No Yesa Micronesia (Federated States of) No — — No Mongolia Yes Yes No No Montenegro Yes Yes Yes Yes Morocco Yes Yes No Yesa Mozambique Yes Yes No No Myanmar No — — No Namibia Yes Yes No No Nepal No — — No Netherlands Yes Yes No Yes New Zealand Yes Yes No Yes Niger Yes Yes Yes No Nigeria Yes Yes Yes Yes Norway Yes Yes No No Oman Yes Yes No Yes Pakistan Yes Yes No No Panama Yes Yes Yes No Papua New Guinea No — — No Paraguay Yes Yes Yes No Peru Yes Yes No Yesa Philippines Yes Yes No Yes Poland Yes Yes No Yesa Portugal Yes Yes No No Qatar Yes Yes No Yes Republic of Korea Yes Yes No Yesa Republic of Moldova Yes Yes No No Romania Yes Yes No No Russian Federation Yes Yes No Yesa Rwanda No — — No Saint Lucia Yes No No No Samoa Yes Yes No Yes San Marino Yes Yes No No 383 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area National mobile phone law Mobile phone law Any data on use of mobile phone while driving Applies to hand- held phone use Applies to hands- free phone use Sao Tome and Principe Yes Yes No No Saudi Arabia Yes Yes No Yes Senegal Yes Yes Yes No Serbia Yes Yes No Yes Seychelles Yes Yes No Yes Singapore Yes Yes No No Slovakia Yes Yes No Yes Slovenia Yes Yes No No Solomon Islands No — — No Somalia No — — No South Africa Yes Yes No Yes South Sudan No — — No Spain Yes Yes No Yes Sri Lanka Yes Yes No No Sudan Yes Yes Yes No Suriname Yes Yes No Yes Sweden Yes No No No Switzerland Yes Yes No Yes Syrian Arab Republic Yes Yes Yes Yes Tajikistan Yes Yes No No Thailand Yes Yes No No The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Yes Yes No Yes Timor-Leste Yes Yes No No Togo Yes Yes Yes No Tonga No — — No Trinidad and Tobago Yes Yes No Yes Tunisia Yes Yes No No Turkey Yes Yes Yes Yes Turkmenistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Uganda Yes Yes No No Ukraine Yes Yes No No United Arab Emirates Yes Yes No Yes United Kingdom Yes Yes No Yes 384 Country / Area National mobile phone law Mobile phone law Any data on use of mobile phone while driving Applies to hand- held phone use Applies to hands- free phone use United Republic of Tanzania No — — No United States of America Yes Nob No Yes Uruguay Yes Yes No Yes Uzbekistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Vanuatu No — — No Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Yes Yes No No Viet Nam Yes Yes No No West Bank and Gaza Strip Yes Yes No No Zimbabwe Yes Yes No No a Only some specific studies b The majority of states prohibit texting while driving 385 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 TABLE A10: ROAD SAFETY MANAGEMENT, STRATEGIES AND TARGETS BY COUNTRY / AREA Country / Area Lead agency Functions of the lead agency Road safety strategies Road safety targets A le ad a ge nc y is p re se nt Th e le ad a ge nc y is fu nd ed Co or di na tio n Le gi sl at io n M on ito rin g & ev al ua tio n Th er e is a na tio na l r oa d sa fe ty s tr at eg y Th e st ra te gy is fu nd ed Fa ta l N on -f at al Afghanistan No — — — — No — — — Albania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Angola Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded — — Antigua and Barbuda Yes No Yes Yes Yes No — — — Argentina Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes No Armenia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — — Australia Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Not funded Yes Yes Austria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Azerbaijan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — — Bangladesh Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Barbados Yes No Yes Yes Yes No — — — Belarus Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Partially funded Yes No Belgium No — — — — Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Belize Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Benin Yes No Yes No Yes No — — — Bhutan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Bosnia and Herzegovina Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Botswana Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes No Brazil Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded No No Bulgaria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Burkina Faso Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Burundi Yes Yes Yes Yes No No — — — Cabo Verde Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Cambodia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Cameroon No — — — — Yes Partially funded No No Canada Yes Noa Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Central African Republic Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes — — — — Chad Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Partially funded Yes Yes 386 Country / Area Lead agency Functions of the lead agency Road safety strategies Road safety targets A le ad a ge nc y is p re se nt Th e le ad a ge nc y is fu nd ed Co or di na tio n Le gi sl at io n M on ito rin g & ev al ua tio n Th er e is a na tio na l r oa d sa fe ty s tr at eg y Th e st ra te gy is fu nd ed Fa ta l N on -f at al Chile Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded No No China Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Colombia Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Comoros Yes No Yes Yes Yes No — — — Congo Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Cook Islands Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Costa Rica Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes No Côte d’Ivoire Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes Yes Croatia No — — — — Yes Fully funded Yes No Cuba Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes No Cyprus Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Czechia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Democratic Republic of the Congo Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded No — Denmark No — — — — Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Dominica Yes No Yes Yes Yes No — — — Dominican Republic Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Ecuador Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Egypt Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Partially funded Yes No El Salvador Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Equatorial Guinea Yes Yes Yes Yes No No — — — Eritrea Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Estonia Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Eswatini Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — — Ethiopia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Fiji Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Finland Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Partially funded Yes No France Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes No Gabon Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not funded — — Gambia Yes Yes Yes No No No — — — 387 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Lead agency Functions of the lead agency Road safety strategies Road safety targets A le ad a ge nc y is p re se nt Th e le ad a ge nc y is fu nd ed Co or di na tio n Le gi sl at io n M on ito rin g & ev al ua tio n Th er e is a na tio na l r oa d sa fe ty s tr at eg y Th e st ra te gy is fu nd ed Fa ta l N on -f at al Georgia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded No No Germany Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Partially funded Yes No Ghana Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Greece Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Grenada Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — — Guatemala Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Guinea Yes — Yes — — No — — — Guinea-Bissau No — — — — No — — — Guyana Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Honduras Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded No No Hungary No — — — — Yes Partially funded Yes No Iceland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded — — India Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Indonesia Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Partially funded Yes No Iran (Islamic Republic of) Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Iraq Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Not funded No No Ireland Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Fully funded Yes Yes Israel Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded No No Italy Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Jamaica Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Partially funded Yes No Japan Yes Yes No No No Yes Fully funded Yes Yes Jordan No — — — — No — — — Kazakhstan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Kenya Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — — Kiribati No — — — — Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Kuwait Yes Yes Yes No No No — — — Kyrgyzstan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes — Lao People’s Democratic Republic Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Latvia No — — — — Yes Not funded Yes Yes 388 Country / Area Lead agency Functions of the lead agency Road safety strategies Road safety targets A le ad a ge nc y is p re se nt Th e le ad a ge nc y is fu nd ed Co or di na tio n Le gi sl at io n M on ito rin g & ev al ua tio n Th er e is a na tio na l r oa d sa fe ty s tr at eg y Th e st ra te gy is fu nd ed Fa ta l N on -f at al Lebanon Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — — Lesotho Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — — Liberia No — — — — No — — — Libya Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Not funded Yes Yes Lithuania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Luxembourg Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Madagascar Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Malawi Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Malaysia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Maldives Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not funded No No Mali Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Malta Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes Yes Mauritania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Mauritius Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes Yes Mexico Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Micronesia (Federated States of) No — — — — No — — — Mongolia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Montenegro Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Morocco Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes No Mozambique Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded No No Myanmar Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Not funded Yes No Namibia Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Nepal Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded — — Netherlands Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes New Zealand Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes No Niger Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded No Yes Nigeria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes Yes Norway Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes Yes Oman Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes Yes Pakistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded No No 389 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Lead agency Functions of the lead agency Road safety strategies Road safety targets A le ad a ge nc y is p re se nt Th e le ad a ge nc y is fu nd ed Co or di na tio n Le gi sl at io n M on ito rin g & ev al ua tio n Th er e is a na tio na l r oa d sa fe ty s tr at eg y Th e st ra te gy is fu nd ed Fa ta l N on -f at al Panama Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Papua New Guinea Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded No No Paraguay Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Peru Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Philippines Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes Yes Poland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Portugal Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Qatar Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes Yes Republic of Korea Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Republic of Moldova Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Romania Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Russian Federation Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Rwanda Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded No Yes Saint Lucia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — — Samoa Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No San Marino Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded No No Sao Tome and Principe Yes No Yes Yes Yes No — — — Saudi Arabia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded — — Senegal Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Serbia Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Seychelles Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded No No Singapore Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded No No Slovakia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Slovenia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Solomon Islands Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — — Somalia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not funded No No South Africa Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No South Sudan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — — 390 Country / Area Lead agency Functions of the lead agency Road safety strategies Road safety targets A le ad a ge nc y is p re se nt Th e le ad a ge nc y is fu nd ed Co or di na tio n Le gi sl at io n M on ito rin g & ev al ua tio n Th er e is a na tio na l r oa d sa fe ty s tr at eg y Th e st ra te gy is fu nd ed Fa ta l N on -f at al Spain Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes Yes Sri Lanka Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Sudan Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Suriname No — — — — No — — — Sweden Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Switzerland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — — Syrian Arab Republic Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded No No Tajikistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded No No Thailand Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Timor-Leste Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded No No Togo Yes No Yes Yes Yes No — — — Tonga Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Trinidad and Tobago Yes No No No No Yes Partially funded No No Tunisia Yes Yes Yes No Yes No — — — Turkey Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes Yes Turkmenistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded No — Uganda Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Ukraine No — — — — No — — — United Arab Emirates Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes United Kingdom Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes United Republic of Tanzania Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No United States of America Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes Yes Uruguay Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — — Uzbekistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — — Vanuatu Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Partially funded — — 391 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Lead agency Functions of the lead agency Road safety strategies Road safety targets A le ad a ge nc y is p re se nt Th e le ad a ge nc y is fu nd ed Co or di na tio n Le gi sl at io n M on ito rin g & ev al ua tio n Th er e is a na tio na l r oa d sa fe ty s tr at eg y Th e st ra te gy is fu nd ed Fa ta l N on -f at al Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded No No Viet Nam Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No West Bank and Gaza Strip Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded No No Zimbabwe Yes No Yes Yes Yes No — — — a A self-sustaining prganisation through membership fees and data services. 392 TABLE A11: SAFER MOBILITY BY COUNTRY / AREA Country / Area Number of registered vehicles Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Inspections / star rating of existing roads Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Investments to upgrade high risk locations Policies & investment in urban public transport Policies promoting walking and cycling Afghanistan 655 357 Partial – Partial Yes Yes No Albania 563 106 Yes No Partial Yes Yes Subnational Angola No No Partial Yes Yes Yes Antigua and Barbuda 36 030 Partial No Partial No No No Argentina 21 633 587 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Armenia Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes No Australia 18 326 236 Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Austria 7 421 647 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Azerbaijan 1 330 551 Partial Yes Partial No Yes No Bangladesh 2 879 708 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes No Barbados 117 104 No Yes Partial No Yes No Belarus 4 192 291 No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Belgium 7 330 718 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Subnational Belize 56 094 Yes Yes Yes No No No Benin 469 761 Partial No Partial Yes No No Bhutan 86 981 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 1 711 005 Yes Yes Yes No Yes Subnational Bosnia and Herzegovina 978 229 Partial Yes Yes Yes No Subnational Botswana 653 274 Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Brazil 93 867 016 Yes No Partial Yes Yes Yes Bulgaria 4 031 748 Partial No Yes No Yes Yes Burkina Faso 2 106 292 Partial Yes Yes Yes No No Burundi 111 236 Partial No No No No No Cabo Verde 64 955 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes No Cambodia 3 751 715 Yes Yes No Yes No No Cameroon 758 145 Partial Yes Partial Yes Yes No Canada 23 923 806 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Subnational Central African Republic 37 475 Partial Yes Partial Yes No No Chad 1 124 000 Yes No Yes Yes No No Chile 4 960 945 No No Partial No Yes Subnational 393 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Number of registered vehicles Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Inspections / star rating of existing roads Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Investments to upgrade high risk locations Policies & investment in urban public transport Policies promoting walking and cycling China 294 694 457 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Colombia 13 477 996 Partial No No No Yes No Comoros 34 898 No No No Yes No No Congo Yes No Partial No No No Cook Islands 12 453 Partial Yes Partial Yes No Yes Costa Rica 1 991 398 No – No No Yes Subnational Côte d’Ivoire 905 537 Partial No Partial Yes Yes No Croatia 1 996 056 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Cuba 633 369 No Yes Partial Yes Yes No Cyprus 650 805 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Czechia 7 325 789 Partial Yes Yes No Yes Yes Democratic Republic of the Congo – No Partial No No Subnational Denmark 3 131 673 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Dominica 35 796 – No Partial No No No Dominican Republic 3 854 038 Yes No Partial Yes Yes Yes Ecuador 1 925 368 Yes Yes Partial No Yes Yes Egypt 8 412 673 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes Subnational El Salvador 1 008 080 Partial No Partial No Yes Yes Equatorial Guinea 143 000 No – No No No Eritrea 72 405 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Estonia 865 040 Partial Yes Yes Yes No Yes Eswatini 99 830 Yes Yes Partial No Yes No Ethiopia 708 416 No No Partial No Yes No Fiji 110 763 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes Yes Finland 5 217 850 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes France 42 363 000 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Gabon – – No Yes Yes No Gambia 84 963 Partial No Partial Yes No No Georgia 1 126 470 Yes No Partial Yes Yes Yes Germany 56 622 000 Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Ghana 2 066 943 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 394 Country / Area Number of registered vehicles Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Inspections / star rating of existing roads Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Investments to upgrade high risk locations Policies & investment in urban public transport Policies promoting walking and cycling Greece 9 489 299 Partial Yes Partial Yes Yes Subnational Grenada 27 266 Partial Yes Partial Yes No No Guatemala 3 250 194 Partial No Partial Yes Yes Subnational Guinea 259 731 Yes No No No Yes No Guinea-Bissau 62 239 No No No No No No Guyana 15 694 Yes No Partial No No No Honduras 1 694 504 Yes No Yes Yes No No Hungary 4 022 798 Yes Yes Yes No No Subnational Iceland 289 501 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes Yes India 210 023 289 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes No Indonesia 128 398 594 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Subnational Iran (Islamic Republic of) 30 377 065 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes Subnational Iraq 5 775 777 Partial No Partial No Yes No Ireland 2 573 961 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Israel 3 239 305 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes Yes Italy 52 581 575 Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Jamaica 541 316 Yes Yes Partial No Yes Yes Japan 81 602 046 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Jordan 1 502 420 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes No Kazakhstan 4 383 120 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Kenya 2 979 910 Partial No Partial Yes Yes Subnational Kiribati 3 706 Yes No Partial Yes Yes Yes Kuwait 2 001 940 Yes – No No No No Kyrgyzstan 993 000 Yes No Partial Yes Yes Lao People’s Democratic Republic 1 850 020 Partial No Partial Yes No Yes Latvia 803 628 Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Lebanon 1 866 407 Partial – Partial No No No Lesotho Yes Yes No No No No Liberia 1 085 075 Yes Yes Partial No Yes Yes Libya 3 553 497 Yes No Partial Yes Yes No Lithuania 1 391 568 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 395 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Number of registered vehicles Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Inspections / star rating of existing roads Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Investments to upgrade high risk locations Policies & investment in urban public transport Policies promoting walking and cycling Luxembourg 466 472 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Madagascar 236 979 Yes Yes Partial No No No Malawi Partial No Yes No No No Malaysia 27 613 120 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Maldives 92 983 No Yes Partial No Yes No Mali 344 345 Yes Yes Partial Yes No No Malta 358 947 Partial Yes Partial No Yes Yes Mauritania No No No Yes No No Mauritius 507 676 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes No Mexico 40 205 671 No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Micronesia (Federated States of) 5 673 Partial Yes Partial No No No Mongolia 841 537 Yes No Partial No Yes Yes Montenegro 211 219 Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Morocco 3 791 469 Partial Yes No Yes Yes Yes Mozambique 698 864 No No Partial No No No Myanmar 6 381 136 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Namibia 371 281 No No Partial Yes Yes Yes Nepal 2 339 169 Partial Yes Partial No Yes No Netherlands 10 757 655 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes New Zealand 3 656 300 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Niger 436 420 Partial No Yes No No No Nigeria 11 733 425 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes Yes Norway 3 969 612 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes Yes Oman 1 370 913 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Subnational Pakistan 18 352 500 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes No Panama 1 288 573 No No Partial No Yes Subnational Papua New Guinea 100 993 Partial Yes Partial No No Subnational Paraguay 1 871 947 Yes Yes Partial No Yes Subnational Peru 5 604 789 No – No Yes No Yes Philippines 9 251 565 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes Yes Poland 27 409 106 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 396 Country / Area Number of registered vehicles Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Inspections / star rating of existing roads Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Investments to upgrade high risk locations Policies & investment in urban public transport Policies promoting walking and cycling Portugal 6 590 094 Partial Yes Yes No Yes Yes Qatar 1 330 487 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Republic of Korea 25 680 967 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Republic of Moldova 894 253 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Romania 7 014 661 Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Russian Federation 54 014 259 Yes No Yes Yes Yes Subnational Rwanda 180 137 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Saint Lucia 35 681 No No Partial No No No Samoa 25 235 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes Subnational San Marino 54 956 Partial No Partial Yes Yes No Sao Tome and Principe 34 050 No No Partial No No No Saudi Arabia 6 895 799 Partial Yes Partial Yes Yes Subnational Senegal 468 051 Yes Yes No No Yes No Serbia 2 282 401 No No Yes Yes Yes No Seychelles 23 076 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Singapore 933 534 Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Slovakia 2 606 412 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Slovenia 1 468 439 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Solomon Islands Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Somalia 59 457 No – No No No No South Africa Partial Yes Partial Yes Yes Yes South Sudan 69 647 No Yes Partial No No No Spain 32 986 384 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Sri Lanka 6 795 469 Partial No Partial Yes No Subnational Sudan 1 252 740 Yes Yes Partial No Yes No Suriname 228 388 No No Partial No Yes No Sweden 6 102 914 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Switzerland 5 980 512 Partial Yes No Yes Yes Yes Syrian Arab Republic 2 396 544 Partial Yes Partial Yes Yes Yes Tajikistan 439 972 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes No Thailand 37 338 139 Partial Yes Partial Yes Yes Yes 397 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Number of registered vehicles Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Inspections / star rating of existing roads Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Investments to upgrade high risk locations Policies & investment in urban public transport Policies promoting walking and cycling The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 442 962 Partial Yes Yes No Yes Yes Timor-Leste 146 596 Partial No Yes No Yes Yes Togo 64 118 Partial No Partial Yes Yes No Tonga 8 154 Yes Yes Partial Yes No Subnational Trinidad and Tobago 831 803 Partial No Yes No Yes No Tunisia 2 015 601 Partial – Partial Yes Yes No Turkey 21 090 424 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Turkmenistan Yes No Partial Yes Yes Yes Uganda 1 594 962 Yes Yes Partial Yes No Yes Ukraine 14 433 709 Yes Yes Yes No Yes Subnational United Arab Emirates 3 391 125 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes Subnational United Kingdom 38 388 214 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes United Republic of Tanzania 2 163 623 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes No United States of America 281 312 446 No – No Yes Yes Yes Uruguay 2 342 026 No No Partial No Yes Yes Uzbekistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Vanuatu Partial No Partial Yes Yes No Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 7 999 760 Yes – Yes No Yes No Viet Nam 50 666 855 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes Subnational West Bank and Gaza Strip 268 365 Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Zimbabwe 1 198 584 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes No 398 TABLE A12: VEHICLE STANDARDS BY COUNTRY / AREA Country / Area Vehicle standards Seat-belts Seat-belt anchorages Frontal impact Side impact Electronic stability control Pedestrian protection Child seats Motorcycle anti-lock bracking system Afghanistan No No No No No No No No Albania No No No No No No No No Angola No No No No No No No No Antigua and Barbuda No No No No No No No No Argentina Yes Yes Yesa Yesb Noc No No No Armenia No No No No No No No No Australia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yesd No Yes Austria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Azerbaijan No No No No No No No No Bangladesh No No No No No No No No Barbados No No No No No No No No Belarus No No No No No No No No Belgium Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Belize No No No No No No No No Benin No No No No No No No No Bhutan No No No No No No No No Bolivia (Plurinational State of) No No No No No No No No Bosnia and Herzegovina No No No No No No No No Botswana No No No No No No No No Brazil Yes Yes Yes Noe No No Yes Yes Bulgaria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Burkina Faso No No No No No No No No Burundi No No No No No No No No Cabo Verde No No No No No No No No Cambodia No No No No No No No No Cameroon No No No No No No No No Canada Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Central African Republic No No No No No No No No Chad No No No No No No No No Chile No No No No No No No No China Yes Yes Yes Yes Nof No No No 399 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Vehicle standards Seat-belts Seat-belt anchorages Frontal impact Side impact Electronic stability control Pedestrian protection Child seats Motorcycle anti-lock bracking system Colombia No No No No No No No No Comoros No No No No No No No No Congo No No No No No No No No Cook Islands No No No No No No No No Costa Rica No No No No No No No No Côte d’Ivoire No No No No No No No No Croatia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Cuba No No No No No No No No Cyprus Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Czechia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Democratic Republic of the Congo No No No No No No No No Denmark Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Dominica No No No No No No No No Dominican Republic No No No No No No No No Ecuador Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Egypt Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No El Salvador No No No No No No No No Equatorial Guinea No No No No No No No No Eritrea No No No No No No No No Estonia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Eswatini No No No No No No No No Ethiopia No No No No No No No No Fiji No No No No No No No No Finland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes France Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Gabon No No No No No No No No Gambia No No No No No No No No Georgia No No No No No No No No Germany Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Ghana No No No No No No No No Greece Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Grenada No No No No No No No No 400 Country / Area Vehicle standards Seat-belts Seat-belt anchorages Frontal impact Side impact Electronic stability control Pedestrian protection Child seats Motorcycle anti-lock bracking system Guatemala No No No No No No No No Guinea No No No No No No No No Guinea-Bissau No No No No No No No No Guyana No No No No No No No No Honduras No No No No No No No No Hungary Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Iceland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes India Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yesg No Yes Indonesia No No No No No No No No Iran (Islamic Republic of) No No No No No No No No Iraq No No No No No No No No Ireland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Israel Yesh Yesh Yesh Yesh Yesh No Yes No Italy Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Jamaica No No No No No No No No Japan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Jordan No No No No No No No No Kazakhstan No No No No No No No No Kenya No No No No No No No No Kiribati No No No No No No No No Kuwait No No No No No No No No Kyrgyzstan No No No No No No No No Lao People’s Democratic Republic No No No No No No No No Latvia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Lebanon No No No No No No No No Lesotho No No No No No No No No Liberia No No No No No No No No Libya No No No No No No No No Lithuania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Luxembourg Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Madagascar No No No No No No No No 401 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Vehicle standards Seat-belts Seat-belt anchorages Frontal impact Side impact Electronic stability control Pedestrian protection Child seats Motorcycle anti-lock bracking system Malawi No No No No No No No No Malaysia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Maldives No No No No No No No No Mali No No No No No No No No Malta Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Mauritania No No No No No No No No Mauritius No No No No No No No No Mexico Yes No No No No No No No Micronesia (Federated States of) No No No No No No No No Mongolia No No No No No No No No Montenegro No No No No No No No No Morocco No No No No No No No No Mozambique No No No No No No No No Myanmar No No No No No No No No Namibia No No No No No No No No Nepal No No No No No No No No Netherlands Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes New Zealand Yes Yes Yes Yes Yesi Yes Yes No Niger No No No No No No No No Nigeria No No No No No No No No Norway Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Oman No No No No No No No No Pakistan No No No No No No No No Panama No No No No No No No No Papua New Guinea No No No No No No No No Paraguay No No No No No No No No Peru No No No No No No No No Philippines No No No No No No No No Poland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Portugal Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Qatar No No No No No No No No Republic of Korea Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 402 Country / Area Vehicle standards Seat-belts Seat-belt anchorages Frontal impact Side impact Electronic stability control Pedestrian protection Child seats Motorcycle anti-lock bracking system Republic of Moldova No No No No No No No No Romania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Russian Federation Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Rwanda No No No No No No No No Saint Lucia No No No No No No No No Samoa No No No No No No No No San Marino Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Sao Tome and Principe No No No No No No No No Saudi Arabia No No No No No No No No Senegal No No No No No No No No Serbia No No No No No No No No Seychelles No No No No No No No No Singapore No No No No No No No No Slovakia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Slovenia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Solomon Islands No No No No No No No No Somalia No No No No No No No No South Africa No Yes No No Yes Yes Yes No South Sudan No No No No No No No No Spain Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Sri Lanka No No No No No No No No Sudan No No No No No No No No Suriname No No No No No No No No Sweden Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Switzerland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Syrian Arab Republic No No No No No No No No Tajikistan No No No No No No No No Thailand Yes Yes Noj,k Noj,k Nok Yes No No The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia No No No No No No No No Timor-Leste No No No No No No No No Togo No No No No No No No No 403 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Vehicle standards Seat-belts Seat-belt anchorages Frontal impact Side impact Electronic stability control Pedestrian protection Child seats Motorcycle anti-lock bracking system Tonga No No No No No No No No Trinidad and Tobago No No No No No No No No Tunisia No No No No No No No No Turkey Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Turkmenistan No No No No No No No No Uganda No No No No No No No No Ukraine No No No No No No No No United Arab Emirates No No No No No No No No United Kingdom Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes United Republic of Tanzania No No No No No No No No United States of America Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Uruguay Yes Yes No No No No Yes No Uzbekistan No No No No No No No No Vanuatu No No No No No No No No Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) No No No No No No No No Viet Nam No No No No No No No No West Bank and Gaza Strip No No No No No No No No Zimbabwe No No No No No No No No a Only for new models b For new models as from 2018 c Mandatory as from 2018 under voluntary agreement with car makers but postponed to 2022 by the new government following Brazil ESC mandatory date d Australia has signed the UN127 for Pedestrian Protection as a Contracting Party but is not enforcing it e Brazil included the requirement for side impact for new vehicles from 2020 f However top 12 car makers (more than 70% of sales volume) commited to ESC standard as from 2018 g Mandatory from October 2018 h Required for cars made under US regulations - for European cars, no requirements further than ESC i For new models as from 2018 j According to representatives information the regulation will be mandatory as from 2020 k Thailand launched an ECO-CAR program with tax incentives for cars with ESC but this is not mandatory for all cars PHOTO CREDITS Page iii AdobeStock Page vii WHO Page ix Bloomberg Page xii AdobeStock Page xv AdobeStock Page xvi AdobeStock Page 9 WHO Page 12 AdobeStock Page 13 AdobeStock Page 14 AdobeStock Page 17 WHO Page 21 AdobeStock Page 22 AdobeStock Page 30 AdobeStock Page 34 WHO Page 37 AdobeStock Page 44 AdobeStock Page 47 AdobeStock Page 48 AdobeStock Page 49 AdobeStock Page 51 WHO Page 55 Edward Echwalu Page 56 AdobeStock Page 60 AdobeStock Page 63 AdobeStock Page 65 AdobeStock 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WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION Management of Noncommunicable Diseases, Disability, Violence and Injury Prevention (NVI) 20 Avenue Appia 1211 Geneva 27 Switzerland Phone: +41 22 791 2881 http://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/road_traffic/en/ ISBN 978-92-4-156564-2
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Global status report on road safety 2018 ISBN 978-92-4-156568-4 © World Health Organization 2018 Some rights reserved. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo). Under the terms of this licence, you may copy, redistribute and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes, provided the work is appropriately cited, as indicated below. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that WHO endorses any specific organization, products or services. The use of the WHO logo is not permitted. If you adapt the work, then you must license your work under the same or equivalent Creative Commons licence. If you create a translation of this work, you should add the following disclaimer along with the suggested citation: “This translation was not created by the World Health Organization (WHO). WHO is not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original English edition shall be the binding and authentic edition”. Any mediation relating to disputes arising under the licence shall be conducted in accordance with the mediation rules of the World Intellectual Property Organization. Suggested citation. Global status report on road safety 2018. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018. Licence: CC BY- NC-SA 3.0 IGO. Cataloguing-in-Publication (CIP) data. CIP data are available at http://apps.who.int/iris. Sales, rights and licensing. To purchase WHO publications, see http://apps.who.int/bookorders. To submit requests for commercial use and queries on rights and licensing, see http://www.who.int/about/licensing. Third-party materials. If you wish to reuse material from this work that is attributed to a third party, such as Tables, Figures or images, it is your responsibility to determine whether permission is needed for that reuse and to obtain permission from the copyright holder. The risk of claims resulting from infringement of any third-party-owned component in the work rests solely with the user. General disclaimers. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of WHO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted and dashed lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by WHO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions expected, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by WHO to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall WHO be liable for damages arising from its use. Design and layout by Paprika Printed in France Made possible through funding from Bloomberg Philanthropies.
Contents Acknowledgements vi Foreword by Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus vii Foreword by Michael R. Bloomberg ix Executive Summary xi Introduction x Section 1: Current state of global road safety 1 &hapter 7he *OoEaO %urden oI 5oad 7raffic 'eaths Key messages 3 &hapter ,nstitutionaO PanaJePent Key messages 15 &hapter /eJisOation and road user EehaYiour Key messages 23 Managing speed 27 Reducing drink-driving 31 Increasing motorcycle helmet use 36 Increasing seat-belt use 40 Increasing child restraint use 42 Reducing distracted driving 45 Reducing drug-driving 46 &hapter 6aIe roads Key messages 49 Chapter 5: Safe vehicles 56 Key messages 57 Chapter 6: Post-crash care 66 Key messages 67 6ection &ountr\area profiOes 6ection ([pOanator\ notes and statisticaO anne[ Explanatory note 1: methodology, data collection, validation and analysis 270 ExSlanatory note 2 countryarea Srofiles 278 ExSlanatory note 3 estimation oI road traͦc deaths 288 Statistical Annex 296 Photo credits 404 vi Acknowledgements The Global status report on road safety 2018 benefited from the contributions of a number of WHO staff and collaborators. Nhan Tran coordinated the writing of the report with contributions by Jeanne Breene, Meleckidzedeck Khayesi, Rob McInerney, Anesh Sukhai, Tamitza Toroyan and David Ward. Kacem Iaych was responsible for data management and statistical analysis; Joëlle Auert was responsible for the legislation data management and analysis. Strategic direction on the report was provided by Etienne Krug. Regional data coordinators were responsible for trainings, data collection and validation: Anneli Heimann and Martial-Manfred Missimikim (African Region), Alessandra Senisse (Region of the Americas), Rania Saad (Eastern Mediterranean Region and South-East Asian Region), Yongjie Yon (European Region), Maria Angela Pestaňo and Whitney Skowronski (Western Pacific Region). Further support at regional level was provided by: Hala Sakr, Dinesh Sethi, Eugenia Rodrigues, Jonathon Passmore, Patanjali Nayar and Jatinder Pal Singh Chhatwal. WHO Representatives and staff at country level facilitated this work and their contribution is gratefully acknowledged. Other WHO staff who contributed include: Elena Altieri, Angelita Ruth Dee, Doris Ma Fat, Colin Mathers, Evelyn Murphy, Florence Rusciano, Zoe Brillantes and Teri Reynolds. Country level data could not have been obtained without the invaluable input of: the National Data Coordinators (see Table A1 in the Statistical Annex); all respondents who participated in data collection and the country level consensus meetings; government officials who supported the project and provided official clearance of the information for inclusion in this report. WHO also wishes to thank the following contributors whose expertise made this document possible: Adrienne Pizatella, Jennifer Ellis, Kelly Larson, and Kelly Henning from Bloomberg Philanthropies; Leslie Zellers for her support in reviewing and analysing legislative documents for the region of the Americas; Saul Billingsley, Lotte Brondum, Soames Job, Adnan Hyder, Rob McInerney, and David Ward, for serving on the advisory committee for this report; Abdul Bachani, Judy Fleiter, and Margie Peden, for review comments; Alejandro Furas and Jessica Truong for support on collecting and interpreting data on vehicle standards; Isaac Botchey for assisting with checking of country profiles; Claudia Adriazola-Steil, Matts-Ake Belin and Judy Williams for providing material for boxes; Eric Thuo for assisting with literature review on child restraints; Hal Inada for the checking of references; Kaitlyn Friedman for assisting with data processing; Tony Price who edited the report; the team of translators from Alboum for support with translations of legislation; and graphic designers from Paprika who produced the design and layout of the report. This report is in memoriam of Dominique Rurangirwa, the National Data Coordinator in Rwanda who lost his life in a road traffic crash earlier this year. His death was most unexpected and he will be sadly missed by all his colleagues, both locally and internationally. This tragedy serves as a reminder of the importance of this work and that more must still be done to strengthen road transport systems to prevent the needless loss of life. Finally, the WHO wishes to thank Bloomberg Philanthropies for its generous financial support for the development and publication of this report. vii GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 FOREWORD Is there anyone we can call for you? There is a phone call or a knock on the door that we all dread, in which we are told that a loved one has been killed or seriously injured in a road traffic crash. We shiver as emergency vehicles speed past us on the road to attend a crash. Our hearts miss a beat as we hear about a “road accident” on the news. But road traffic crashes are not “accidents”. They are completely preventable. This report shows that the problem is getting worse. Deaths from road traffic crashes have increased to 1.35 million a year. That’s nearly 3 700 people dying on the world’s roads every day. Tens of millions more are injured or disabled every year, people who suffer life-altering injuries with long- lasting effects. These losses take a huge toll on families and communities. The cost of emergency response, health care and human grief is immense. There are many reasons for this trend: rapid urbanization, poor safety standards, lack of enforcement, people driving distracted or fatigued, others under the influence of drugs or alcohol, speeding and a failure to wear seat-belts or helmets. One of the most heart-breaking statistics in this report is that road traffic injury is the leading cause of death for people aged between 5 and 29 years. No child should die or be seriously injured while they walk, cycle or play. We must return our streets to our children. They have a right to feel safe on them. In the Sustainable Development Goals, world leaders have committed to halve the number of deaths from road crashes by 2020. This report shows that three years on, far too little progress has been made towards this goal. There is an urgent need to scale up evidence-based interventions and investment. Development is an opportunity for low- and middle-income countries to avoid the costly mistakes made in the past by high-income countries. We need to create cities and transport systems that reduce reliance on cars. We must apply the lessons we have learned about safe road design. With the right leadership and investment, countries can build in the safeguards and best practices to save lives. viii WHO is committed to working with countries to reduce the needless death and disability caused by road VTaHficcTaUJGU 9*1ŨU)GPGTaNPTQITaOOGQH9QTMŤŤQWTfiXG[GaTUVTaVGIicRNaPŤiPcNWFGUTQaFUaHGV[IQaNU that are underpinned by 12 voluntary performance targets agreed upon by world leaders last year. These are designed to provide guidance to WHO Member States on key interventions. +ViUQPGVJiPIQHcQWTUGVQUGVIQaNUaPFVaTIGVU+VŨUaPQVJGTVQacJiGXGVJGO Experience shows that sustainable road safety must be planned and requires long-term investment and aRRTQRTiaVGOaPaIGOGPVcaRaciV[HQTGHHGcViXGFGNiXGT[+PVGTPaViQPaNQTIaPi\aViQPUFQPQTUaPFVJGRWDNic and private sectors need to work together to make things happen. This report highlights the increasing number of countries and cities that are making progress with effective and affordable interventions. My hope is that this report will save lives, prevent injuries and mean fewer emergency responders knock on doors with messages they should never have to deliver. Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus &iTGcVQT)GPGTaN9QTNF*GaNVJ1TIaPi\aViQP ix GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 FOREWORD Road safety is an issue that does not receive anywhere near the attention it deserves – and it really is one of our great opportunities to save lives around the world. The numbers are staggering. Road traffic crashes now represent the eighth leading cause of death globally. They claim more than 1.35 million lives each year and cause up to 50 million injuries. And, the fact is, every one of those deaths and injuries is preventable. We know which interventions work. Strong policies and enforcement, smart road design, and powerful public awareness campaigns can save millions of lives over the coming decades. To spread those interventions to more countries, it is critically important for partners to target our resources effectively and hold each other accountable for our results. The data show that low- and middle-income countries bear the greatest burden of road traffic fatalities and injuries. So, over the past decade, Bloomberg Philanthropies has worked closely with the World Health Organization, government agencies, and road safety organizations and invested US$ 259 million to help implement evidence-based solutions. Together we have promoted the use of helmets and seat-belts, combatted speeding and drunk driving, redesigned city streets to make them safer, and advocated for safer vehicles. Overall, we have made important policy progress since WHO issued its last road safety report in 2015. Twenty-two countries have amended their road safety laws, bringing them in line with best practices. These laws cover more than one billion people, or 14% of the world’s population. At the same time, we have also focused our intervention efforts on cities. The opportunity for cities is enormous, because they are home to more than half the world’s population. And, once cities demonstrate something works, national governments tend to be more willing to scale up a proven solution. To cite just a few leading cities: Accra is using data to improve pedestrian safety, and Ho Chi Minh City is taking cost-effective steps to make more than 150 high-risk intersections safer. Cities in countries such as Brazil and India have reduced traffic crashes, and through media campaigns and stronger enforcement, more cities have cut drunk driving. These are encouraging trends, and public support for road safety policies is only growing. However, there is still much more work to be done, and Bloomberg Philanthropies will continue to raise awareness of road safety and the need for more action by governments. x4GFWciPITQaFVTaHficFGaVJUaPFiPLWTiGUiUQPGQHVJG7PiVGF0aViQPU5WUVaiPaDNG&GXGNQROGPV)QaNUŤ and, given everything we know about the problem and its solutions, that goal is achievable if governments RTiQTiVi\GTQaFUaHGV[9*1iUJGNRiPIVQFTiXGVJGRTQITGUUYGaTGOaMiPIaPFaNNQHWUaV$NQQODGTI Philanthropies thank Dr Tedros, WHO Director-General, his colleagues, and our allies around the world for their continued partnership. We invite you to learn more about the status of road safety in this important report. Michael R. Bloomberg Founder, Bloomberg L.P. & Bloomberg Philanthropies WHO Global Ambassador for Noncommunicable Diseases and Injuries xi GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The number of road traffic deaths continues to climb, reaching 1.35 million in 2016. However, the rates of death relative to the size of the world’s population has stabilized in recent years. The data presented in this report show that progress has been achieved in important areas such as legislation, vehicle standards and improving access to post-crash care. This progress has not, however, occurred at a pace fast enough to compensate for the rising population and rapid motorization of transport taking place in many parts of the world. At this rate, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) target 3.6 to halve road traffic deaths by 2020 will not be met. Road traffic injury is now the leading cause of death for children and young adults aged 5–29 years, signalling a need for a shift in the current child health agenda, which has largely neglected road safety. It is the eighth leading cause of death for all age groups surpassing HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and diarrhoeal diseases. The burden of road traffic injuries and deaths is disproportionately borne by vulnerable road users and those living in low- and middle-income countries, where the growing number of deaths is fuelled by transport that is increasingly motorized. Between 2013 and 2016, no reductions in the number of road traffic deaths were observed in any low-income country, while some reductions were observed in 48 middle- and high-income countries. Overall, the number of deaths increased in 104 countries during this period. Strengthening legislation to mitigate key risk factors is recognized by the majority of governments as an important strategy to improve road safety, as evidenced by the 149 countries that have designated lead agencies with responsibilities that include enacting and assessing traffic laws. While too many countries still lack legislation that appropriately addresses risks such as speeding, drink-driving, the use of helmets, seat-belts and child restraints, since 2014 progress has been made in a number of these areas. Overall 22 additional countries have amended their laws on one or more risk factors to bring them in line with best practice. This translates to an additional one billion people who are now covered by effective road traffic laws. Of the 175 countries participating in this report, 123 have road traffic laws that meet best practice for one or more key risk factors. During this review period, ten additional countries (45 in total) have aligned with best practice on drink-driving legislation, five additional countries (49 in total) on motorcycle helmet use, four additional countries (33 in total) have aligned with best practice on the use of child restraint systems, and three additional countries (105 in total) on the use of seat-belts. Less progress has been made on adopting best practice on speed limits, despite the importance of speed as a major cause of death and serious injury. xii The enforcement of laws and adoption of safety standards — such as the availability of seat-belts and fiVOGPVUHQTcaTQccWRaPVUiPDQVJHTQPVaPFTGaTUGaVUTGOaiPcJaNNGPIiPIiPOaP[RaTVUQHVJGYQTNF &GURiVGVJGDGPGfiVUQHXGJicNGUaHGV[OGaUWTGUQPN[cQWPVTiGUJaXGiORNGOGPVGFUGXGPQTGiIJVQHVJG RTiQTiV[70XGJicNGUaHGV[UVaPFaTFU6JGTGaTGJQYGXGTUiIPUQHRTQITGUU(QTGZaORNG+PFiaVJGYQTNFŨU HQWTVJNaTIGUVcaTOaPWHacVWTGT iURTQFWciPIiVUfiTUVHQWTUVaT QWVQHaRQUUiDNGfiXGUVaTU XGJicNGaPF phasing out production of a popular model, which consistently failed safety crash tests. Some progress is also evident in the planning, design and operation of roads and roadsides, and in the take-up of a range of tools, notably the International Road Assessment Program (iRAP), which is a star rating tool for road networks. One hundred and fourteen countries are currently carrying out systematic assessments or star ratings of existing roads. These assessments and the implementation of appropriate road standards are particularly important as the majority of travel by road users such as pedestrians, cyclists and motorcyclists, occur on roads that are inherently unsafe for them. There are also some signs of progress in improving access to post-crash care to reduce the consequences and severity of injury once a crash occurs. One hundred and nine countries now have access to a telephone number to contact emergency care and 97 countries have a formal process to train and certify prehospital care providers. More work is needed, however, to ensure access to quality emergency care. Approximately half of all countries have speciality training pathways in emergency medicine and trauma surgery while 78 reported having national or subnational trauma registries in place. #NVJQWIJVJGRTQITGUUVQYaTFUTGFWciPIVJGPWODGTQHTQaFVTaHficFGaVJUJaUPQVOGVINQDaNGZRGcVaViQPU there are nonetheless signs of improvement. Accelerating the rate of this progress and bringing to scale VJGDGPGfiVUQHGHHGcViXGNGIiUNaViQPUaHGTXGJicNGUUaHGTTQaFUaPFiPcTGaUiPIaccGUUVQSWaNiV[GOGTIGPc[ care is the main challenge moving forward. There is an urgent need for governments to scale up their road safety efforts in order to live up to their commitments made in the Sustainable Development Agenda 2030. The upcoming Third Global Ministerial Conference on Road Safety in Sweden in February 2020 will be a key opportunity to take a strategic view and set a road safety agenda for the next decade, including setting a new global target on fatalities. xiii GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 INTRODUCTION &GaVJUaPFiPLWTiGUTGUWNViPIHTQOTQaFVTaHficcTaUJGUTGOaiPaUGTiQWURTQDNGOINQDaNN[aPFcWTTGPVVTGPFU suggest that this will continue to be the case in the foreseeable future (1,2). Accelerating progress can, however, be achieved through an integrated approach that includes putting in place and enforcing effective measures such as safety standards for roads and vehicles, legislation to mitigate high-risk behaviours such aUURGGFiPIaUYGNNaUGPUWTiPIViOGN[accGUUVQRTQHGUUiQPaNGOGTIGPc[caTG -G[VQVJiUaRRTQacJiU VJGaXaiNaDiNiV[QHTGNiaDNGaPFcQORTGJGPUiXGFaVaQPVJGDWTFGPaPFTiUMUQHTQaFVTaHficcTaUJGUiPLWTiGU and deaths to target and monitor progress (4,5). Without knowledge of the magnitude of the problem and the risks of death and injury, the ability to implement cQPVGZVURGcificaPFaRRTQRTiaVGiPVGTXGPViQPUiUUGXGTGN[NiOiVGF/QTGQXGTaUJiIJNiIJVGFiPRTGXiQWUaPF cWTTGPVGFiViQPUQHVJiUTGRQTVVJGWPFGTTGRQTViPIQHTQaFVTaHficFGaVJUiURGTXaUiXGiPOaP[RaTVUQHVJG world and results in a lower priority being given to road safety as compared to other public health challenges
'XGPVJQWIJVJGPWODGTQHRGQRNGF[iPIaPPWaNN[aUaTGUWNVQHTQaFVTaHficiPLWT[UWTRaUUGUVJQUGF[iPI HTQO*+8#+&5VWDGTcWNQUiUaPFFiaTTJQGaNFiUGaUGUVJGRQNiVicaNcQOOiVOGPVaPFfiPaPciaNiPXGUVOGPVU in road safety is only a small fraction of that made to combat these diseases (7). This report is intended to stimulate country actions to improve road safety in countries through the iFGPVificaViQPQHMG[IaRUaPFQRRQTVWPiViGU#UYGaRRTQacJVJGGPFQHVJG&GcaFGQH#cViQPHQT4QaF 5aHGV[ŤaPFVJGFGaFNiPGHQT5&)VaTIGV iV iU iPVGPFGFVQUGTXGaUaPaFXQcac[VQQNVQ generate further political action, as well as a resource to guide implementation by relevant government acVQTUiPcNWFiPIOiPiUVTiGUQHJGaNVJVTaPURQTVfiPaPcGGFWcaViQPaPFiPVGTiQTaUYGNNaUNQcaNaWVJQTiViGU iPRTQXiPcGUaPFciViGU 6JGURGcificQDLGcViXGUQHVJiUTGRQTVaTGVQ ´ FQcWOGPVVJGaPPWaNPWODGTQHFGaVJUTGUWNViPIHTQOTQaFVTaHficiPLWT[iPQTFGTVQGUVaDNiUJaPaUUGUUOGPV of progress towards the UN goals for road safety and the Decade of Action; ´ review institutional management practices as well as target setting; ´ present an analysis of national legislation on key road safety risk factors using best practice criteria; ´ UWOOaTi\GVJGcWTTGPVUVaVGQHXGJicNGUVaPFaTFUaPFTGIWNaViQPUaUYGNNaUTQaFiPHTaUVTWcVWTGaPF ´ examine current progress and challenges in improving post-crash care. xiv What’s new? The criteria used to determine best practices for legislation have been updated along with the classifications of countries as those with laws that conform to best practice, those with laws that do not conform to best practice, those without laws, and those in which the laws are not applicable. In some instances, new criteria have been introduced based on the latest evidence, to capture the nuanced aspects of road safety legislation in different countries more effectively. Using the updated criteria, legislation from 2014 (used for the 2015 report) was retrospectively analysed and compared with the analysis of 2017 (used for this report) legislation. Changes (both upgrades and downgrades) have been documented and are presented in the findings of this report. In addition to grouping those countries with laws that conform to best practice, this report also shows which countries have made improvements, which have stayed the same, and which (in a few instances) have made changes that have moved their laws out of alignment with current best practice. Methods This series of global status reports on road safety has been developed through an iterative and consultative process with participating Member States. In the first phase, requests for data were sent out through a survey administered in 2017 by the WHO Headquarters to Regional and National Data Coordinators (R/NDC) appointed in each region or country. The self-administered survey contained questions relating to the status of the five pillars of the Decade of Action. With coordination by the NDCs, experts from different sectors within each country discussed and came to an agreement on the responses to the survey questions using information available. Based on the reported number of road traffic deaths and the source of data, adjustments were made to account for the potential under-reporting due to differences in definitions as well as limitations in the Civil Registration and Vital Statistics (CRVS) in many countries. This process resulted in an estimated number of fatalities, which is presented along with the reported figure. Following this, a final consultation was carried out to allow Member States to respond to any changes that resulted from the verification and validation process. This consultation also provided Member States an opportunity to comment on the WHO estimates for road traffic fatalities, which is often much higher than the official statistics. xv GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Data sources Three primary sources of data were used in the development of this report: 1) data collected from the self-administered surveys for which responses were received from 175 Member States; 2) data collected through publicly accessible databases, including the UN Economic Commission for Europe database on road traffic conventions, government websites, as well as specialised entities such as the Global New Car Assessment Programme and road inspection data collected by the International Road Assessment Programme to measure the level of safety for different road users; and 3) Global Health Estimates generated by the WHO Department for Information, Evidence and Research. For this report, 2018 data were used for the review of vehicle standards; 2017 data were used for the review of legislation, road standards and post-crash care; fatality estimates were based on data from 2016.
SECTION 1 CURRENT STATE OF GLOBAL ROAD SAFETY CHAPTER 1 THE GLOBAL BURDEN OF ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS • 6JGPWODGTQHTQaFVTaHficFGaVJUQPVJGYQTNFŨU roads remains unacceptably high. • 4QaFVTaHficiPLWTiGUaTGVJGNGaFiPIMiNNGTQHcJiNFTGP and young adults. • /QTGVJaPJaNHQHINQDaNTQaFVTaHficFGaVJUaTG amongst pedestrians, cyclists and motorcyclists who aTGUViNNVQQQHVGPPGINGcVGFiPTQaFVTaHficU[UVGO design in many countries. • There is progress being made, however, it is far from uniform across countries. • SDG 3.6 target to halve road deaths and injuries by 2020 will not be met without drastic action. 1.35 million deaths each year 8th leading cause of death for people of all ages 3 times higher death rates in low-income countries than in high-income countries 1st leading cause of death for children and young adults 5–29 years of age Key messages 45RaG WraIfic injuries are the 8th leading cause of death for people of all ages. 6hePuODerQHrQCdtrCHficdeCthscQPtiPuestQcNiODreCchiPIC high of 1.35 million in 2016. However, the rate of death relative to thesi\eQHtheYQrNdŨspQpuNCtiQPhCsstCDiNi\edCPddecNiPedreNCtiXe to the number of motor vehicles in recent years (10). As shown in (iIureǡdespitetheiPcreCseiPCDsQNutePuODerstherCteQHrQCd trCHficdeCthshCsreOCiPedHCirN[cQPstCPtCtCrQuPddeCthsper 100,000 population over the last 15 years. While this does suggest that the problem is not worsening, the world is far from achieving SDG target 3.6, which calls for a reduction in the number of deaths D[ChCNHD[ +PsuHficiePtprQIressisDeiPIOCde Figure Number and rate of road traffic death per population: 2000–2016 0 5 10 15 20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 20 00 20 01 20 02 20 03 20 04 20 05 20 06 20 07 20 08 20 09 20 10 20 11 20 12 20 13 20 14 20 15 20 16 R ate of death/100,000 population Number of deaths Rate of death Year 1.15 18.8 1.35 18.2 N um be r of d ea th s (m ill io ns ) During the same period the number of vehicles worldwide has steadily increased, while death rates declined from 135 deaths for every 100,000 vehicles in 2000 to approximately 64 deaths for every 100,000 vehicles in 2016 (Figure 2). This represents a reduction of more than 50% in the last 15 years suggesting some progress in OitiICtiPItheCdXerseeHHectsQHiPcreCsiPIOQtQri\edtrCPspQrt Although progress has been made, these data show that it has not occurred at a pace fast enough to compensate for rapid population IrQYthCPdiPcreCsiPIOQtQri\CtiQPYQrNdYide 20 15 10 5 Chapter 1 5 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 The number of deaths on the world’s roads remains unacceptably high with 1.35 million people dying each year. Figure Number of motor vehicles and rate of road traffic death per 100,000 vehicles: 2000–2016 N um be r of v eh ic le s (m ill io ns ) R ate of death/100,000 vehicles 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 20 00 20 01 20 02 20 03 20 04 20 05 20 06 20 07 20 08 20 09 20 10 20 11 20 12 20 13 20 14 20 15 20 16 Number of vehicles Rate of death Year 135 64 0.85 2.1 A leading killer of children 4QCdtrCHficiPLur[istheth leading cause of death for all age groups, up from the 9th leading cause of death (10). It is also now the leading cCuseQHdeCthHQrchiNdrePCPd[QuPICduNtsCIedŤ[eCrs signalling a need for a shift in the current child health agenda, which has largely neglected the road safety (11). As progress is made in the prevention and control of infectious diseases, the relative contribution of deaths from noncommunicable diseases and injuries increases
/QrepeQpNePQYdieCsCresuNtQHrQCdtrCHficiPLuriesthCP from HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and diarrhoeal diseases (10). +PCdditiQPtQtheiPLuriesCPddisCDiNitiesresuNtiPIHrQOrQCdtrCHfic crashes, the safety of roads (or lack thereof) also impacts other public health issues as it contributes to inactivity. People are less likely to walk, cycle, or use public transportation when conditions are unsafe and this has a bearing on other leading causes of death shown in Table 1 (12). These include ischaemic heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and diabetes, while iPcreCsiPIOQtQri\CtiQPhCsCNsQDeePNiPMedYithrespirCtQr[iNNPesses 5iOuNtCPeQusN[preXePtiPIrQCdtrCHficdeCthsCPdePcQurCIiPICctiXe travel in safe environments will contribute to reducing the overall burden of preventable deaths. (b ill io ns ) 65RaG WraIfic injuries are now the leading cause of death for children and young adults aged 5–29 years. Table 1: Leading causes of death, all ages, 2016 Rank Cause % of total deaths All Causes 1 Ischaemic heart disease 16.6 2 Stroke 10.2 3 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 5.4 4 Lower respiratory infections 5.2 5 #N\heiOerŨsdiseCseCPdQtherdeOePtiCs 3.5 6 Trachea, bronchus, lung cancers 3.0 7 Diabetes mellitus 2.8 8 4QCdtrCHficiPLuries 2.5 9 Diarrhoeal diseases 2.4 10 Tuberculosis 2.3 2016 WHO Global Health Estimates Progress is not uniform across regions and income levels 2rQIressiPreduciPIrQCdtrCHficdeCthsQXertheNCstHeY[eCrsXCries siIPificCPtN[DetYeePthediHHerePtreIiQPsCPdcQuPtriesQHtheYQrNd There continues to be a strong association between the risk of a rQCdtrCHficdeCthCPdtheiPcQOeNeXeNQHcQuPtries9ithCPCXerCIe rate of 27.5 deaths per 100,000 population, the risk is more than 3 times higher in low-income countries than in high-income countries where the average rate is 8.3 deaths 100,000 population. As shown iP(iIuretheDurdePQHrQCdtrCHficdeCthsisdisprQpQrtiQPCteN[ hiIhCOQPINQYCPdOiddNeiPcQOecQuPtriesiPreNCtiQPtQthesi\e of their populations and the number of motor vehicles in circulation. #NthQuIhQPN[QHtheYQrNdŨsOQtQrXehicNesCreiPNQYiPcQOe countries, 13% of deaths occur in these countries. Chapter 1 7 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 There has been no reduction in the number of road WraIfic GeaWKs in any low-income country since 2013. Figure Proportion of population road traffic deaths and registered motor vehicles by country income category*, 2016 9% 76% 15% POPULATION 13% 80% 7% ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS 1% 59% 40% VEHICLES high-income middle-income low-income iPcQOeNeXeNsCreDCsedQP9QrNd$CPMcNCssificCtiQPs There has also been more progress in reducing the number of rQCdtrCHficdeCthsCOQPIOiddNeCPdhiIhiPcQOecQuPtriesthCP low-income countries. As shown in Figure 4, between 2013 and 2016, PQreductiQPsiPthePuODerQHrQCdtrCHficdeCthsYereQDserXediP any low-income country, while some reductions were observed in ǡOiddNeCPdhiIhiPcQOecQuPtriesOXerCNNthePuODerQHdeCths increased in 104 countries during this period. Figure 4: Number of countries where a change in the number of road traffic deaths has been observed since 17 60 27 7 15 1 25 23 0 HIGH-INCOME MIDDLE-INCOME LOW-INCOME Increased No Change Decreased *These data represent countries that have seen more than a 2% change in their number of deaths since 2013, and excludes countries with populations under 200 000. The income levels are based on 2017 9QrNd$CPMcNCssificCtiQPs 8The rates of road WraIfic GeaWK are KiJKesW in $Irica (26.6/100,000 people) and South-East Asia (20.7/100,000 people). Inequalities across regions Countries in Africa and South-East Asia have regional rates of road trCHficdeCthshiIherthCPtheINQDCNrCteYithCPddeCths perpQpuNCtiQPrespectiXeN[6hisisHQNNQYedD[cQuPtriesiP the'CsterP/editerrCPeCPCPd9esterP2CcificYhichhCXereIiQPCN rCtescQOpCrCDNeYiththeINQDCNrCteYithCPddeCthsper pQpuNCtiQPrespectiXeN[%QuPtriesiPthe#OericCsCPd 'urQpehCXetheNQYestreIiQPCNrCtesQHCPddeCthsper peQpNerespectiXeN[+PterOsQHprQIressOCde iPthree QHthesiZreIiQPs #OericCs'urQpe9esterP2Ccific therCtesQH deCthhCXedecreCsedsiPce Figure Rates of road traffic death per population by :H2 regions 2013 2016 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Africa Americas Eastern Mediterranean Europe South-East Asia Western 2Ccific World R at e of d ea th /1 00 ,0 00 p op ul at io n WHO Region 26.1 / 26.6 15.9 / 15.6 17.9 / 18 10.4 / 9.3 19.8 / 20.7 18 / 16.9 18.3 / 18.2 9iththeeZceptiQPQHthe'CsterP/editerrCPeCPreIiQPtherCteQH rQCdtrCHficdeCthsperpQpuNCtiQPIePerCNN[decreCsesCs iPcQOeiPcreCses +Pthe#OericCsHQreZCOpNetherCteQHrQCd trCHficdeCthsCOQPIhiIhiPcQOecQuPtriesisper Chapter 1 9 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 population, while it is 18.3 among low-income countries. In Africa there is an observable difference between middle-income countries, which have a rate of death of 23.6 per 100,000 population and low- income countries, where the rate is 29.3 per 100,000 population. At the other end of the continuum, in Europe, the rate of road traffic deaths in middle-income countries (14.4 deaths per 100,000 population) is nearly three times higher than in high-income countries, where there are 5.1 road traffic deaths per 100,000 population. 10 More than half RI aOO rRaG WraIfic deaths are among vulnerable road users: pedestrians, cyclists and motorcyclists. Vulnerable road users disproportionately impacted The variation in rates of deaths observed across regions and countries also corresponds with differences in the types of road users most affected. Globally, pedestrians and cyclists represent 26% QHCNNdeCthsYiththQseusiPIOQtQri\edtYQCPdthreeYheeNers comprising another 28%. Car occupants make up 29% of all deaths CPdthereOCiPiPICreuPidePtifiedrQCdusers1. Africa has the highest proportion of pedestrian and cyclist mortalities with 44% of deCths+P5Quth'Cst#siCCPdthe9esterP2CcifictheOCLQrit[QH deCthsCreCOQPIridersQHOQtQri\edtYQCPdthreeYheeNersYhQ represent 43% and 36% of all deaths respectively. #NthQuIhpedestriCPsc[cNistsCPdridersQHOQtQri\edtYQCPdthree wheelers-are more vulnerable as a result of being less protected than car occupants, the heavy burden of deaths borne by these road users isCNsQCreHNectiQPQHiPHrCstructureCPdXehicNedesiIPthCtpriQriti\es cCrsCPdQtherOQtQri\edtrCPspQrt &espitetheprQOiPePceQH vulnerable road users in many parts of the world, many of whom cannot afford or do not have access to the safest vehicles, they are still largely ignored in the planning, design and operation of roads. In many countries, roads still lack separate lanes for cyclists or adequate crossings for pedestrians and allow motor vehicle speeds that are too high (15). Similarly, while vehicle standards have been developed for car occupants, many are not widely implemented in vehicles sold in low- and middle-income countries. Only recently have more car manufacturers begun to implement standards in high-income countries to ensure that design also protects road users outside of the vehicle (16). The heavy burden of deaths borne by these groups constitutes an issue of equity, CsiPcQOeCPdsQciCNstCtusDecQOesQciCNdeterOiPCPtsQHrQCdtrCHfic deaths and injury (17). 1 The distribution of deaths among road user categories is based on data reported by countries. In some countries, these data are not available or are incomplete, which contributes to the large percePtCIeQHthQseidePtifiedCsŧQthersŨQrŧuPspecifiedŨ Chapter 1 11 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Figure 6: Distribution of deaths by road user type by WHO Region 7% 40% 4% 9% 40% 34% 23%3% 18% 22% 22% 22% 14% 36%6% 43% 25% 16% 14% 2% 48% 11%5% 9% 27% 15%2% 34% 39% 10% Eastern Mediterranean South-East Asia Africa Europe Americas Driver / passengers of 4 wheeled vehicles Motorized 2-3 wheelers Cyclists Pedestrians WORLD 29% 28%3% 23% 17% 12 Box 1: Integrating road safety and urban mobility strategies in Bogotá, Colombia $QIQVȄTGFWcGFVJGPWODGTQHVTaHficFGaVJUD[DGVYGGPaPFD[iORNGOGPViPI an integrated approach to road safety and urban mobility: • 5VTQPIOa[QTaNNGaFGTUJiRYaURTGUGPVYJicJaNNQYGFiPVGITaVGFiPUViVWViQPaNfiPaPciaNaPF TGIWNaVQT[TGHQTOUcQODiPGFYiVJOGUUaIGUVJaVTGUQPaVGFYiVJciVi\GPU • 0GYiPXGUVOGPVYaUWPFGTVaMGPiPciV[ iPHTaUVTWcVWTGQHaTQWPF75ǡDiNNiQPDGVYGGP aPFiPQXGTMOQH$WU4aRiF6TaPURQTV $46 PGaTN[ǡMOQHDiMGYa[UaPF ǡO2 of improved pedestrian infrastructure. The investment was enabled by institutional and tax reform and a sustainable mobility-oriented response to public demand for improved commuting options. • Road safety improvements included safer public transport, improved sidewalks and cycle lanes, regulations and their enforcement of seat-belt wearing and drink-driving penalties, reform of the police system, public transport improvement reducing the rate of mode shift to private cars and motorcycles and avoiding exposure to risk. • In December 2017, Bogotá adopted a new Vision Zero plan, based on the safe system approach, comprising further coordinated, integrated action to proactively reduce deaths and serious injury numbers yet further. Sources: JVVRU YYYQFiQTIUiVGUQFiQTIWMfiNGUTGUQWTcGFQcWOGPVURFH http://www.despacio.org/portfolio/bogota-bicycle-account-2014/https://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/40717%28148%292: 13 Box 2: Improving the safety of school zones in the Republic of Korea 6JG4GRWDNicQH-QTGaJaUGZRGTiGPcGFVJGrdNaTIGUVFGcNiPGiPVJGVTaHficHaVaNiV[TaVGUaOQPI OECD countries since 1972. A historical focus on transport infrastructure investment and economic development resulted in less emphasis on road safety, particularly on the safety of pedestrians suffering death and injury at the expense of wider, faster roads. To address this problem and with the aim of lowering iVUJiIJTQaFFGaVJTaVGVJG-QTGaPIQXGTPOGPVcaTTiGFQWVaPaPaN[UiUQHTQaFVTaHficiPLWT[ records and the highest risk locations in the network. A new national strategy was adopted to improve road safety through investments in school \QPGRTQITaOOGUiORTQXiPIVJGTGIWNaViQPQHUcJQQNDWUGU iPcTGaUiPIfiPGUHQTXiQNaViQPU YiVJiPUcJQQN\QPGUcNaORiPIFQYPQPWPTGIWNaVGFUcJQQNVTaPURQTVUWRRQTViPIciXiNUQciGV[ QTIaPi\aViQPUiPTQaFUaHGV[aFXQcac[aPFcQPViPWQWUN[aOGPFiPIaPFiORTQXiPITQaFUaHGV[ NGIiUNaViQP6JGUGGHHQTVUaTGTGRQTVGFVQJaXGcQPVTiDWVGFVQaTGFWcViQPiPTQaFVTaHfic deaths among children under 14 years of age between 1998 and 2012. 5QWTcG 5WN,.GG,-aPI&5.GG9;5JiO,+/[GQPI/GVaN-QTGaŨU4GFWcViQPiP%JiNF6TaHfic(aVaNiViGU PQNiciGUaPF#cJiGXGOGPVU =+PVGTPGV?)Q[aPIUi4GRWDNicQH-QTGa =ciVGF0QX?#XaiNaDNGHTQO JVVRU YYYMFGXGNQRGFiaQTIFQYPNQaFFQ!ViOG(iNG OPV iFaUaUUGV&1%P&(RFHQTiIiP(iNG0aOG -5PRFH CHAPTER 2 INSTITUTIONAL MANAGEMENT 132 countries have national strategies for road safety that are funded 109 countries have national targets for the reduction of road traffic deaths • Achieving global and national road safety goals and targets requires appropriate management capacity. • Such capacity should be demonstrated through effective institutional leadership within responsible agencies, multi-sectoral coordination arrangements, sustainable funding and data systems to measure, target and monitor progress. • The inclusion of two SDG targets focused on road safety represents a major milestone for global road safety, confirming it is an essential element of the health and development agenda. • 12 recently agreed upon global road safety performance targets will help countries to improve their road safety management and assess progress. Key messages 16 Institutional management provides the foundation for improving road safety (18). The establishment of an appropriately resourced lead agency and coordination arrangements to guide the national road safety effort; the assessment of the state of play and capacity; the setting of goals and targets in road safety strategies; plans and prQLects theprQXisiQPQHfiPCPciCNCPdhuOCPresQurcestQCddressthe problem and the monitoring and evaluation of activity are all essential to implementing effective, system-wide interventions (4,18,19). Among the 175 participating countries, 140 indicated that they have a national strategy for road safety of which 132 reported having strategies that are funded. In addition to having national strategies for road safety, 109 countries reported having a national target for thereductiQPQHrQCdtrCHficdeCths Similarly, while most countries (161) reported that they have established lead agency arrangements, only 130 reported that these are funded. While many countries reported having funded lead agencies and strategies, the extent of funding was not assessed. Among those with lead agencies, 159 had lead agencies that assumed responsibility for coordination, 144 had lead agencies that assumed responsibility for monitoring the status of road safety, and 149 had lead agencies that also had responsibility for enacting and revising legislation. Voluntary global road safety performance targets Against this background and in addition to the continuing provision of international guidance on a range of issues, several notable global developments have taken place since the last report was published, designed to assist countries in focusing their road safety management initiatives. 109 countries have national targets for the reduction of road WraIfic GeaWKs Chapter 2 17 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 18 149 countries have lead agencies that also assume responsibility for road safety OeJisOaWiRn In a call to action at the global level in September 2015, the United Nations General Assembly adopted a series of SDGs as part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The SDGs include specifictCrIetsreNCtedtQrQCdsCHet[shQYPiP$QZCPdtheirsettiPI represePtsCOCLQrOiNestQPeHQrINQDCNrQCdsCHet[cQPfirOiPIrQCd safety as an essential element of the health and development agenda. In November 2017, Member States, with the support of WHO, the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, UNICEF, World Bank and other agencies, reached consensus on a set of 12 Voluntary Global Performance Targets for Road Safety Risk Factors and Service Delivery Mechanisms (Box 4). These voluntary targets provide a framework to guide and monitor the implementation of legislation, the establishment of standards and other interventions to prevent crashes, injuries, and deaths that are highlighted in this report. Box 3: Sustainable Development Goals for Road Safety (September 2015) By 2020, to halve the number of global deaths and injuries from road trCHficcrCshes By 2030, to provide access to safe, affordable, accessible and sustainable transport systems for all, improving road safety, notably by expanding public transport, with special attention to the needs of those in vulnerable situations, women, children, persons with disabilities, and older persons. Chapter 2 19 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 for the past 3 YEARS 6hepNCteCuiPrQCdtrCHficdeCths setCICiPstCiPcreCseiPINQDCN pQpuNCtiQPCPdiPcreCseiP OQtQri\CtiQPsuIIeststhCtrQCd sCHet[eHHQrtsQXerthepCst[eCrs hCXesCXedNiXes aga n a 4% n a n global o la on an 16% n a n mo o za on, gg a oa af y ffo ov a 3 y a av av l v . Box 4: Global Voluntary Performance Targets for Road Safety Risk Factors and Service Delivery Mechanisms, 2017GLOBAL ROAD SAFETY PERFORMANCE TARGETS 2020 1 Target 1: By 2020, all countries establish a comprehensive multisectoral national road safety action plan with time-bound targets. Target 2: By 2030, all countries accede to one or more of the core road safety-related UN legal instruments. 2030 2 Target 3: By 2030, all new roads achieve technical standards for all road users that take into account road safety, or meet a three star rating or better. 2030 3 Target 4: By 2030, more than 75% of travel on existing roads is on roads that meet technical standards for all road users that take into account road safety. 2030 4 Target 5: By 2030, 100% of new (defined as produced, sold or imported) and used vehicles meet high quality safety standards, such as the recommended priority UN Regulations, Global Technical Regulations, or equivalent recognized national performance requirements. 2030 5 Target 6: By 2030, halve the proportion of vehicles travelling over the posted speed limit and achieve a reduction in speed- related injuries and fatalities. 2030 6 Target 7: By 2030, increase the proportion of motorcycle riders correctly using standard helmets to close to 100%. 2030 7 Target 8: By 2030, increase the proportion of motor vehicle occupants using safety belts or standard child restraint systems to cl se to 100%. 2030 8 Target 9: By 2030, halve the number of road traffic injuries and fatalities related to drivers using alcohol, and/or achieve a reduction in those related to other psychoactive substances. 2030 9 Target 10: By 2030, all countries have national laws to restrict or prohibit the use of mobile phones while driving. 2030 10 Target 11: By 2030, all countries to enact regulation for driving time and rest periods for professional drivers, and/or accede to international/regional regulation in this area. 2030 11 Target 12: By 2030, all countries establish and achieve national targets in order to minimize the time interval between road traffic crash and the provision of first professional emergency care. 2030 12 Following the request of the United Nations General Assembly, on November 22, 2017 Member States reached consensus on 12 global road safety performance targets. For more information: http://www.who.int/violence_ injury_prevention/road_tra c/road-safety-targets/en/ PILLAR 1: Road safety management PILLAR 2: Safer roads and mobility PILLAR 3: Safe vehicles PILLAR 4: Safe road users PILLAR 5: Post-crash response 20 Source: Swedish Transport Administration (2015) Analysis of Road Safety Trends 2014 — Management by Objectives for Road Safety Work, Towards the 2020 Interim Targets, Borlange. Box 5: Managing by objectives in Sweden Sweden is a global leader in road safety performance with 2.8 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants. $etYeen 1 and 1, the number of road traffic deaths decreased by 66%. 'Zperience in Sweden illustrates how better results can be achieved through long-term, perennial planning of systematic, evidence-based approaches to intervention, supported by a strong institutional delivery including leadership, sustained investment and a focus on achieving ambitious road safety goals and targets across government, business and civil society. In October 1997 the Swedish Parliament adopted Vision Zero - a new long-term goal and a new strategic framework for road safety, which many countries are now adopting. The goal, supported by interim targets and objectives, follows the public health approach of preventing deaths and serious inLury in road traffic crashes. The strategy is to create shared responsibility for the better management of all parts of the road traffic system in order to address MnoYn common errors and human vulnerabilities and thus avoid severe crash outcomes. As with the 12 voluntary global targets set in 2017, the aim is to provide focal points for meaningful, shared, multisectoral activity at national, regional and local levels. The Swedish objectives target progress to 2020 and include safe road infrastructure at national and municipal levels, a higher proportion of undivided roads with an 80 km/h speed limit and median barriers, more municipal roads with footpaths and cycle paths, better compliance with speed limits, sober driving, seat-belt use, helmet use, higher car safety ratings and a higher share of motorcycles equipped with anti-lock braking systems. Chapter 2 21 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 for the past 3 YEARS 6hepNCteCuiPrQCdtrCHficdeCths set against a 4% increase in global population and 16% increase in motorization, suggests that road safety efforts over the past 3 years have saved lives. CHAPTER 3 LEGISLATION AND ROAD USER BEHAVIOUR 123 countries have laws that meet best practice for at least one of the five key behavioural risk factors 22 countries made improvements to bring their laws into alignment with best practice on one or more risk factors 45 countries have drink− driving laws that align with best practice 46 countries have speed laws that align with best practice 49 countries have helmet laws that align with best practice 105 countries have seat-belt laws that align with best practice 33 countries have child restraint laws that align with best practice • Enacting and enforcing legislation on key risk factors are critical components of an integrated strategy to prevent road traffic deaths and inLuries • #s measured against best practice criteria, 13 countries representing billion people have laws that meet best practice for at least one of the five Mey behavioural risM factors • &espite the progress made in improving legislation across the five Mey risM factors, enforcement remains a maLor challenge in most countries Key messages 22 countries representing 1 billion people amended their laws on one or more risk factors to bring them into alignment with best practice. 'PCctiPICPdePHQrciPINeIisNCtiQPQPMe[risMHCctQrsiPcNudiPIspeed driPMdriXiPIOQtQrc[cNeheNOetuseuseQHseCtDeNtsCPdchiNd restrCiPts[steOsCrecriticCNcQOpQPePtsQHCPiPteIrCtedstrCteI[ tQpreXePtrQCdtrCHficdeCthsiPcQuPtries Ť .eIisNCtiQP tQIetherYithstCPdCrdsCPdcQOpNiCPcereIiOesHQrtheNicePsiPI CPddisSuCNificCtiQPQHdriXersCPdridersPeedstQDeCNiIPedYith ePHQrceOePtOediCcCOpCiIPsCPd iPsQOecCses iPXehicNe OeCsuressuchCstheCXCiNCDiNit[QHseCtDeNtsCPdfitOePtstQDe effective 2QNiceePHQrceOePtiPitiCtiXesPeedtQDesYiHtHreSuePt CPdsustCiPedQXerCNQPIperiQdQHtiOetQiPcreCsetheperceiXed risMQHDeiPIcCuIhtCPdpuPishedDutCNsQrCPdQOCPdYidespreCd tQiPcreCsethechCPceQHdetectiQP)iXePtheOuNtisectQrCNPCture QHrQCdsCHet[NCYsCPdePHQrceOePtstCPdCrdsCresetD[seXerCN IQXerPOePtCIePciesiPcNudiPIpuDNicheCNthtrCPspQrt iPterPCN CHHCirssciePceCPdtechPQNQI[CPdQccupCtiQPCNheCNthCPdsCHet[ CPdthesereSuireCcQQrdiPCtedeHHQrtCcrQsssectQrs .eIisNCtiQPQPMe[risMHCctQrsHrQOpCrticipCtiPIcQuPtrieshCsDeeP reXieYedCICiPstDestprCcticecriteriCiPQrdertQidePtiH[ICpsCPd QppQrtuPitiesHQriOprQXeOePt%urrePtN[cQuPtriesrepresePtiPI PeCrN[DiNNiQPpeQpNehCXeNCYsthCtOeetDestprCcticeHQrCtNeCst QPeQHthefiXeMe[DehCXiQurCNrisMHCctQrs#sshQYPiP6CDNe cQuPtrieshCXeNCYsOeetiPIDestprCcticeHQrQPerisMHCctQr hCXeNCYsOeetiPIDestprCcticeHQrtYQrisMHCctQrs hCXe NCYsOeetiPIDestprCcticeQPthreerisMHCctQrs hCXeNCYs OeetiPIprCcticeQPHQurrisMHCctQrs CPdQPN[fiXecQuPtrieshCXe NCYsthCtOeetDestprCcticeHQrCNNfiXeMe[risMHCctQrs speediPI driPMdriXiPIuseQHOQtQrc[cNeheNOetsuseQHseCtDeNtsCPduse QHchiNdrestrCiPts Chapter 3 ).O$#.56#6754'2O46O04O#&5#('6;2018 One-third of countries rated their enforcement as «good» for any of the laws related to the 5 key risk factors. Table 2: Number of countries and populations covered by laws meeting best practice Number of risk factors covered by laws Number of Countries Total Population covered risMHCctQr risMHCctQrs risMHCctQrs risMHCctQrs risMHCctQrs 6QtCN speediPIdriPMdriXiPIuseQHOQtQrc[cNeheNOetsuseQHseCtDeNtsuseQHchiNdrestrCiPts 5iPcecQuPtrieshCXeCOePdedtheirNCYsQPQPeQrOQre Me[risMHCctQrstQDriPItheOiPNiPeYithDestprCcticecQXeriPIC pQtePtiCNCdditiQPCNQPeDiNNiQPpeQpNeQrQHtheYQrNdŨspQpuNCtiQP #sshQYPiP(iIuresQOeiOprQXeOePtYCsOCdeHQreCchQHthe fiXeDehCXiQurCNrisMHCctQrsYiththeNCrIestiOprQXeOePtHQuPdHQr driPMdriXiPINCYs tePcQuPtries HQNNQYedD[OQtQrc[cNeheNOet NCYs fiXecQuPtries chiNdrestrCiPts HQurcQuPtries CPdseCtDeNts
threecQuPtries #sCresuNtQHQPecQuPtr[CNiIPiPIYithDestprCctice CPdQPeOCMiPIchCPIesthCtDrQuIhtitQutQHCNiIPOePtYith DestprCcticethePuODerQHcQuPtriesYithNCYsCNiIPiPIYithDest prCcticeHQrspeedreOCiPedthesCOe&espitetheprQIressOCde iPiOprQXiPINeIisNCtiQPCcrQssthefiXeMe[risMHCctQrsePHQrceOePt reOCiPsCOCLQrchCNNePIeiPOQstcQuPtriesOPN[QPethirdQH cQuPtriesrCtedtheirePHQrceOePtCsūIQQdŬ eiIhtQrCDQXeQPC scCNeQH\erQtQtePCsrCtedD[respQPdePts HQrCP[QHtherisM HCctQrsiPdicCtiPIthCtOCP[QHthesecQuPtriesCrePQtreCpiPIthe HuNNDePefitQHtheirNeIisNCtiQP 26 Figure 7: Countries with laws meeting best practice on 5 risk factors, 2014, 2017 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Speed Drink-driving Seat-belt Helmet Child restraints Countries 2014 Additional countries in 2017 N um be r of c ou nt ri es 46 / 0 35 / 10 102 / 3 44 / 5 29 / 4 Figure 8: Populations covered by laws meeting best practice, 2014, 2017 N um be r of p eo pl e co ve re d (B ill io ns ) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Speed Drink-driving Seat-belt Helmet Child restraints Number of people 2014 Additional number of people in 2017 2.7 / 0.24 2.15 / 0.18 5.14 / 0.11 2.27 / 0.4 0.55 / 0.1 Chapter 3 ).O$#.56#6754'2O46O04O#&5#('6;2018 Managing speed 6hespeedCtYhichCXehicNetrCXeNsdirectN[iPHNuePcestherisMQH CcrCshCsYeNNCstheseXerit[QHiPLuriesCPdNiMeNihQQdQHdeCth resuNtiPIHrQOthCtcrCsh 'HHectiXespeedOCPCIeOePtisCssuch cePtrCNtQOQstiPterXePtiQPstrCteIies6hesettiPICPdePHQrceOePt QHspeed NiOits represePtsCMe[cQOpQPePtQHcQOprehePsiXe speedOCPCIeOePtCspCrtQHCPiPteIrCtedCpprQCchiPXQNXiPI cQPsiderCtiQPQHtheprQtectiXeSuCNit[QHrQCdsrQCdsidesXehicNes CPdhuOCPtQNerCPcethreshQNdsHQrdeCthCPdseriQusiPLur[ 'XePsOCNNreductiQPsiPspeedCHHectHCtCNCPdseriQuscrCshrisMCPd theeHHectiXePessQHrQCdCPdXehicNeiPterXePtiQPstQpreXePtdeCth CPdseriQusiPLur[ ´ #PCcceptedpriPcipNeisthCteXer[iPcreCseiPOeCPspeed prQducesCiPcreCseiPtheHCtCNcrCshrisMCPdCiPcreCse iPtheseriQuscrCshrisM ´ #reductiQPiPCXerCIespeedcCPreducethePuODerQHHCtCNities D[ 5OCNNreductiQPsiPspeedCNsQiPHNuePcethreshQNdsHQrdeCthCPd seriQusiPLur[risMiPdiHHerePtcrCshscePCriQs ´ (QrpedestriCPshitD[cCrHrQPtsthedeCthrisMrisesrCpidN[
tiOesHrQOMO/htQMO/h ´ +PcCrtQcCrsideiOpCctstheHCtCNit[risMHQrcCrQccupCPtsis CtMO/h ´ (QrDeNtedQccupCPtsiPtheDestdesiIPedcCrs 'urQ0%#2stCr thethreshQNdHQrseXereCPdHCtCNiPLur[hCXeDeePidePtifiedCs ǡMO/h trCXeNspeedCtiOpCct iPheCdQPcCrtQcCrcrCshes 46 countries representing 3 billion people currently have laws setting speed limits that align with best practice. 4eXieYQHspeedNCYs 6hreeDestprCcticecriteriCYereusediPtheCssessOePtQHNeIisNCtiQP QPspeedNCYs ´ presePceQHCPCtiQPCNspeedNiOitNCY ´ urDCPspeedNiOitsPQteZceediPIǡMO/h DCsedQPreseCrch NQYerNiOitsCrerecQOOePdedHQrurDCPCreCsCPdǡMO/hHQr residePtiCNCreCsCPdCreCsYithhiIhpedestriCPCctiXit[ CPd ´ NQcCNCuthQritieshCXiPIthepQYertQOQdiH[speedNiOits tQCdCpt tQdiHHerePtcQPteZts 6heresuNtsshQYthCtcQuPtries represePtiPIQHtheYQrNdŨs pQpuNCtiQP hCXesetPCtiQPCNspeedNiOitNCYshQYeXerQPN[QH thesecQuPtrieshCXeNCYsthCtOeetCNNthreeDestprCcticecriteriC 5iPceQPeCdditiQPCNcQuPtr[CNiIPeditsNeIisNCtiQPYithDest prCcticeCPdQPecQuPtr[OCdechCPIesthCtresuNtediPtheNeIisNCtiQP PQNQPIerCNiIPiPIYithDestprCcticeQPspeedOCPCIeOePt#OQPI cQuPtriesYithNeIisNCtiQPOeetiPICt NeCstQPeQHthethreeDest prCcticecriteriCcQuPtriesprQXideHQrspeedNiOitseSuCNtQQr uPderMO/hiPurDCPCreCsCPdprQXideNQcCNCuthQritiesYith thepQYertQOQdiH[speedNiOitsiPtheirNCYs#sshQYPiP(iIure thepresePceQHDestprCcticeNCYsYCsHQuPdtQDeOQrecQOOQP COQPIhiIhiPcQOecQuPtries thCPOiddNeQrNQYiPcQOe cQuPtries CPdrespectiXeN[ 'PHQrceOePtcCOpCiIPspNC[CPiOpQrtCPtrQNeiPePsuriPIrespect HQrCPdcQOpNiCPceYithspeedNiOits %QODiPCtiQPsQHDQth OCPuCNCPdCutQOCtedePHQrceOePtOethQdscCPiPcreCsethe prQDCDiNit[QHdetectiPIXiQNCtiQPs #utQOCtedePHQrceOePt
suchCsfiZedcCOerCCPdOQDiNeiPXehicNefitteddeXices s[steOs CrehiIhN[cQsteHHectiXeCPdCPiOpQrtCPtcQPsiderCtiQPespeciCNN[ HQr NQYresQurcesettiPIs #tQtCNQHcQuPtriesrepQrted cQPductiPIspeedePHQrceOePtCctiXities&espitetheHCctthCt The presence of best practice laws was found to be more common in high-income countries than in middle- or low- income countries. Chapter 3 29 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 of the 157 countries indicated that they do employ some automated methods, for the majority of countries, manual speed enforcement remains the dominant method of enforcement. As such, it is not surprising that only 30 countries rated their enforcement of speed laws as “good” (eight or above on a scale of zero to ten). Figure 9: Countries with speed laws meeting best practice, 2017 Speed limits on urban roads ≤ 50 km/h and can be modified Speed limits on urban roads ≤ 50 km/h but cannot be modified No speed law or speed limit on urban roads > 50 km/h Not applicable Data not available 30 Box 6: Setting urban speed limits in Thailand 5etting speed limits appropriate to road function, layout and design and which taMe account of the safety needs of all creates a frameworM for safe road use 6ypically, maZimum speed limits across the networM are set at national level on the initiative of roads and transport authorities 6hailandŨs current urban speed law was established in 1 and sets a maZimum speed of 0ǡMm/h for urban areas 6he 0 Mm/h limit on urban roads is far from aligning with current best practice, which recommends a maZimum speed limit for urban areas of 50 Mm/h and lower limits in areas where pedestrian volumes are high, such as residential or city streets 5ince 015, efforts have been made to amend the national speed legislation but were unsuccessful +n 015, the focus shifted from changing the national legislation to empowering and encouraging provinces to use the provision in the law to set their own speed limits #dditionally, guidelines have been provided for local governments to set appropriate speed limits +n 01, with guidelines in place for setting speed limits in municipalities,ǡprovinces have started to set more appropriate speed limits, and by 5eptember 01, half of the provinces have set urban speed limits not eZceeding 50 Mm/h 6his eZample illustrates the importance of local initiatives in moving towards appropriate urban speed limits, when national speed limit setting fails to move in line with best practice 5ources /inisterial 4egulation 0umber 1 )uidelines for 5etting 5peed .imits in City and /unicipality Chapter 3 ).O$#.56#6754'2O46O04O#&5#('6;2018 Reducing drink-driving +tisestiOCtedthCtDetYeePCPdQHCNNrQCddeCthsCrerepQrted CsCNcQhQNreNCted &riXiPICHterdriPMiPICNcQhQNsiIPificCPtN[ iPcreCsestherisMQHCcrCshCPdtheseXerit[QHthCtcrCsh #P[COQuPtQHCNcQhQNhCsDeePshQYPtQiOpCirdriXiPIDehCXiQur CPdthereisCrCpidCPdeZpQPePtiCNiPcreCseiPrisMHQrNeXeNseZceediPI ǡI/dNHQrtheIePerCNdriXiPIpQpuNCtiQP4educiPIDNQQdCNcQhQN cQPcePtrCtiQPs $#% HrQOǡI/dNtQǡI/dNOC[cQPtriDutetQC reductiQPQHŤiPCNcQhQNreNCtedrQCdtrCHficHCtCNities 9hiNe$#%NiOitsprQXidedHQriPNeIisNCtiQPPeedtQDeCtthecQreQH eHHQrtstQCddressdriPMiPICPddriXiPICPiPteIrCtedCpprQCchtQ iPterXePtiQPiPXQNXescQODiPedpuDNicit[CPdhiIhXisiDiNit[pQNice ePHQrceOePtCPdthefitOePtQHCNcQNQcMsiPcQOOerciCNCPdpuDNic trCPspQrtXehicNes +tisDestprCcticetQsetNiOitsQHǡI/dN HQr[QuPICPdPQXicedriXersiPXieYQHtheirIreCtersusceptiDiNit[tQ iOpCirOePtD[CNcQhQNCtNQYerNeXeNsCPdtheirdisprQpQrtiQPCteN[ hiIherrisMQHDeiPIiPXQNXediPHCtCNcrCshes thQuIhPQtiPcNuded CsCDestprCcticecriteriCHQrthisCPCN[sisthesettiPIQHCNQYer NiOitQHǡI/dNhCsCNsQDeePcQPsideredHQrcQOOerciCNdriXers duetQtheHCctthCtthe[trCPspQrtpCssePIersCPdthepQtePtiCN deCthsCPdiPLuriesiPHNictedD[trucMcQNNisiQPsisIreCterthCPQther pCssePIerXehicNes 4eXieYQHdriPMdriXiPINCYs 6hreeDestprCcticecriteriCYerecQPsideredHQrtheCssessOePtQH driPMdriXiPINCYs ´ presePceQHCPCtiQPCNdriPMdriXiPINCY ´ $#%NiOitHQrtheIePerCNpQpuNCtiQPPQteZceediPIǡI/dN CPd ´ $#%NiOitHQr[QuPICPdPQXicedriXersPQteZceediPIǡI/dN 45 countries representing 2.3 billion people currently have drink-driving laws that align with best practice. 32 While nearly all of the participating countries have national drink- driving laws in place, not all specify a BAC limit which makes it difficult to enforce the law. Of the 174 with laws, 136 countries provide for BAC threshold limits. Among these, 45 countries meet all three best practice criteria for drink-driving laws with specified thresholds for both the general population (0.05 g/dl) as well as for young and novice drivers (0.02 g/dl). Of those countries with laws that meet at least one of the best practice criteria, 89 countries specify the recommended BAC limit of 0.05 g/dl for the general population; 48 specify a BAC limit of 0.02 g/dl for young and novice drivers; while 53 have provisions for reduced limits of 0.02 g/dl among commercial drivers. Progress has been made since 2014 with an additional ten countries now meeting overall best practice for drink-driving laws, representing coverage of an additional 180 million people. As shown in Figure 10, more high-income countries (58%) have laws that meet overall best practice criteria for drink-driving than middle-income countries or low-income countries (40% and 2%, respectively). Whereas 60% of countries with laws meeting best practice are from the European region only 2% are from the African region. Enforcement that incorporates random breath testing strategies (as opposed to those that are targeted during certain times and in certain areas) is more effective in increasing both the perceived and actual probability of being caught and so deterring drinking and driving (38). This review showed that more than half of all countries undertake year round random breath testing Chapter 3 33 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Data on drink-driving remains limited in many countries and is necessary to understanding the magnitude of the problem as well as to evaluate the impact of efforts to prevent it. Of those surveyed, 94 countries have data on road traffic deaths, which involve alcohol consumption amongst drivers, mostly high- and middle-income countries and only five low-income. Estimates for many countries are based on data from crash reports that generally underestimate the extent of the problem. 125 countries reported that fatally injured drivers are tested for alcohol of which 72 reported that the testing is routinely carried out for all cases. Figure 10: Countries with drink-driving laws meeting best practice, 2017 Data not available Not applicable Alcohol consumption legally prohibited No drink–driving law/Law not based on BAC/ BAC > 0.08 g/dl BAC ≤ 0.05 g/dl and BAC for young/novice drivers ≤ 0.02 g/dl BAC between 0.05 g/dl and 0.08 g/dl or BAC for young/novice drivers > 0.02 g/dl 34 35 Box 7: Effectiveness of changing legal blood alcohol concentration limits in Brazil $ra\ilŨs first drinMdriving law based on $#C limits was enacted in 1 maMing it an offence to drive with a $#C in eZcess of 00 g/dl # study of road fatalities in 5ao 2aulo, $ra\il found that 3 of people Milled in road traffic crashes had $#C levels greater than 001ǡg/dl and 4 of drivers presented had $#C levels greater than 00 g/dl +n order to tacMle this public health threat, the $ra\ilian government enacted the new ū&ry .awŬ in ,une 00, which reduced the legal $#C limit from 00ǡg/dl to 00ǡg/dl /onitoring in the capital and 5tate of 5ao 2aulo between 001 to 010 indicated that the new law resulted in significant reductions in inLuries and fatalities 6he effect was stronger for fatalities a decrease of ƈ and ƈ10 in the average monthly rate in the 5tate and capital of 5ao 2aulo, respectively than for inLuries ƈ1 and ƈ3 9hile the new law resulted in casualty reduction, barriers to its application remained 0otably, drivers had a right to refuse a $#C test, which made it difficult to impose criminal sanctions related to $#C test levels 6he $ra\ilian government subseSuently amended the ū&ry .awŬ in &ecember 01 to allow police officers to use alternative evidence eg clinical signs or videos to support a drinMdriving offence 6he amendment also made it illegal to have any measurable alcohol in the blood and doubled the original 1 fines 5ources #ndreuccetti ), Carvalho *$, Cherpitel C,, et al 4educing the legal blood alcohol concentration limit for driving in developing countries # time for change! 4esults and implications derived from a time series analysis 001 10 conducted in $ra\il #ddiction 011 10 1 14131 /oura 'C, /alta &C, /orais 0eto 1., 2enna )1, 6emporao ,) /otor vehicle driving after binge drinMing, $ra\il, 00 to 00 4ev 5aude 2ublica 00 43 5 14 Increasing motorcycle helmet use $etYeePCPdthePuODerQHtYQCPdthreeYheeNersiP circuNCtiQPQPtheYQrNdŨsrQCdsiPcreCsedD[+PthetePcQuPtries YiththeIreCtestPuODersQHtheseXehicNesOQtQrc[cNescQOprise OQrethCPQHthePCtiQPCNXehicNeHNeet *eCdiPLuriesCretheNeCdiPIcCuseQHdeCthCPdOCLQrtrCuOCHQr tYQCPdthreeYheeNedOQtQrXehicNeusers %QrrectheNOet usecCPNeCdtQCreductiQPiPtherisMQHHCtCNiPLuriesCPdC reductiQPiPtherisMQHheCdiPLuries 6heuseQHheNOets isCssuchCPiOpQrtCPtOeCPsQHpreXePtiPIrQCdtrCHficdeCths .eIisNCtiQP shQuNd prQXide HQr heNOet use D[ CNN pCssePIers iPcNudiPIchiNdrePCPdshQuNdDesuppQrtedD[puDNicCYCrePess cCOpCiIPsCPdsustCiPedePHQrceOePt)QQdheNOetdesiIPCPd cQrrectuseQHstCPdCrdheNOetsYhePridiPICOQtQrc[cNeCrehiIhN[ iOpQrtCPt 4eXieYQHOQtQrc[cNeheNOetNCYs (iXeDestprCcticecriteriCYerecQPsideredHQrtheCssessOePtQH OQtQrc[cNeheNOetNCYs ´ presePceQHCPCtiQPCNOQtQrc[cNeheNOetNCY ´ NCYCppN[iPItQDQthdriXersCPdpCssePIers ´ NCYCppN[iPItQCNNrQCdCPdePIiPet[pes ´ NCYspeciH[iPIthCtheNOetsshQuNdDeHCstePed CPd ´ NCYreHerriPItQ/speciH[iPICstCPdCrdHQrheNOets #sshQYPiP(iIureQHtheǡcQuPtriesthCthCXeOCPdCtQr[ heNOetNCYsHQrOQtQrc[cNistsQPN[ represePtiPIQHtheYQrNd 49 countries representing 2.7 billion people currently have laws on motorcycle helmet use that align with best practice. Chapter 3 37 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 38 population) have laws that meet all five best practice criteria. Among those with laws that meet at least one best practice criteria, 160 have laws to protect all riders (drivers and passengers); 82 have laws requiring helmets to be fastened; and 93 refer to helmet standards in their laws. Since 2014, five countries have made amendments to existing legislation to align them with best practice, providing coverage to an additional 397 million people. Despite the prevalence of motorcycles in low-income settings, only 6% of the countries with laws meeting best practice criteria are low-income countries. Only 63 countries, representing 33% of the world’s population, restrict child passengers on motorcycles. Enforcement of helmet-wearing laws are generally weak; only 61 countries rate their enforcement of helmet-wearing laws as “good” (eight or above on a scale of 0 to 10). Similarly, less than half of countries surveyed (75) have data available on helmet-wearing. The majority of these countries are high-income countries; only six low-income countries reported having data on helmet-wearing. Even when it is collected, available data vary largely in terms of quality and methodologies used and very few report on national data. 39 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Chapter 3 Figure 11: Countries with helmet laws meeting best practice, 2017 All riders, roads, engines, fastening and standard All riders, roads, engines and either fastening or standard Not covering all riders or roads or engines / no law Not applicable Data not available 105 countries representing 5.3 billion people currently have laws on seat-belt use that align with best practice. Increasing seat-belt use 9eCriPICseCtDeNtreducestherisMQHdeCthCOQPIdriXersCPd HrQPtseCtQccupCPtsD[CPdtherisMQHdeCthCPdseriQus iPLuriesCOQPIreCrseCtQccupCPtsD[ /CPdCtQr[seCtDeNt NeIisNCtiQPishiIhN[eHHectiXeiPprQOQtiPIseCtDeNtYeCriPICPdis CcQsteHHectiXeOeCPsQHreduciPIrQCdtrCHficdeCthsCPdiPLuries especiCNN[iPrCpidN[OQtQri\iPINQYCPdOiddNeiPcQOecQuPtries
#sisthecCseHQrQtherrisMHCctQrsiPcreCsiPIseCtDeNtuse reSuiresOuNtisectQrCNCctiQPDe[QPdthesettiPIQHCpprQpriCte NeIisNCtiQP 6hisiPcNudescQODiPedpuDNicit[CPdePHQrceOePt CPdtheprQXisiQPQHiPXehicNeseCtDeNtreOiPdersYhichhCXeDeeP shQYPtQDehiIhN[eHHectiXeiPiPcreCsiPIuse 4eXieYQHseCtDeNtNCYs 6YQDestprCcticecriteriCYerecQPsideredHQrtheCssessOePtQH seCtDeNtNeIisNCtiQP ´ presePceQHCPCtiQPCNseCtDeNtNCY CPd ´ NCYCppN[iPItQHrQPtCPdreCrseCtQccupCPts #sshQYPiP(iIureQHthecQuPtriesYithPCtiQPCNseCtDeNt NCYsrepresePtiPIQHtheYQrNdŨspQpuNCtiQPhCXeCdQpted theDestprCcticeQHOCPdCtiPItheuseQHseCtDeNtsD[DQthHrQPt CPdreCrseCtQccupCPtsOPN[QHcQuPtriesYithseCtDeNtNCYs OeetiPIDestprCcticeCreNQYiPcQOecQutries 5iPceseXePcQuPtrieshCXeOCdechCPIestQtheirseCtDeNt NeIisNCtiQP fiXeCdditiQPCNcQuPtriesPQYhCXeNCYsthCtOeetDest prCcticeYhiNetYQcQuPtrieshCXeOCdechCPIesthCtDriPItheir NCYsQutQHCNiIPOePtYithDestprCctice6hePet iPcreCseQH cQuPtriesCccQuPtsHQrCPCdditiQPCNOiNNiQPpeQpNecQXeredD[ 41 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Chapter 3 best practice seat-belt laws. Enforcement of seat-belt laws is poor with only 40 countries rating their enforcement of seat-belt use laws as “good” (eight or above on a scale of zero to ten). Less than half of countries collect data on seat-belt wearing and the majority of these are high- and middle-income countries. Figure 12: Countries with seat-belt laws meeting best practice, 2017 Seat-belt law applies to all occupants Seat-belt law applies to front seats occupants No seat-belt law or law applies to driver only Not applicable Data not available Increasing child restraint use %hiNdrestrCiPtsCrehiIhN[eHHectiXeiPreduciPIiPLur[CPddeCthtQ chiNdQccupCPts Ť 6heuseQHchiNdrestrCiPtscCPNeCdtQCt NeCstCreductiQPiPdeCths 6heDePefitsQHchiNdrestrCiPts hCXeDeePshQYPtQDeIreCtestHQr[QuPIerchiNdrePpCrticuNCrN[ thQseuPderHQur[eCrsQHCIe (QrchiNdreP[eCrsDQQster seCtusehCsDeePCssQciCtedYithCreductiQPiPtheQdds QHiPLur[cQOpCredtQusiPICseCtDeNtCNQPe 6hepQsitiQPQH chiNdrePiPeitherHrQPtQrreCrseCtsisCNsQiOpQrtCPtCsChiIherrisM HQriPLur[isCssQciCtedYiththeHrQPtseCtiPIpQsitiQP 4eXieYQHchiNdrestrCiPtNCYs $estprCcticecriteriCHQrchiNdrestrCiPtshCXeDeePHurtherdeXeNQped siPcethepreXiQusrepQrt iPXieYQHtheCdditiQPCNdCtCcQNNected HQrthisreXieY(QurDestprCcticecriteriCYerecQPsiderediPthe CssessOePtQHchiNdrestrCiPtNCYs ´ presePceQHCPCtiQPCNchiNdrestrCiPtNCY ´ reSuireOePtHQrchiNdrePtQuseCchiNdrestrCiPtCtNeCstuPtiNteP [eCrsQHCIeQrcOiPheiIht ´ restrictiQPsHQrchiNdrePuPderCcertCiPCIeQrheiIhtHrQOsittiPI iPtheHrQPtseCt ´ reHerePcetQQrspecificCtiQPQHCstCPdCrdHQrchiNdrestrCiPts #sshQYPiP(iIurecQuPtrieshCXeCPCtiQPCNchiNdrestrCiPtNCY #OQPIthesecQuPtriesrepresePtiPIQHtheYQrNdpQpuNCtiQP OeettheQXerCNNDestprCcticecriteriCHQrchiNdrestrCiPtsOHthQseYith NCYsthCtOeetCtNeCstQPeQHtheDestprCcticecriteriCcQuPtries 33 countries representing 652 million people currently have laws on the use of child restraints that align with best practice. Chapter 3 43 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 refer to a standard for child restraints, 113 restrict seating children in the front seat (including 61 banning front seating) and 41 countries address the age and/or height criteria of ten years of age or 135 cm in height in the legislation. Since 2014, four countries have made amendments to legislation on the use of child restraints to bring them in line with best practice. Among those with laws meeting best practice, 85% are high-income countries and 15% are middle-income countries. No low-income countries have laws on the use of child restraint systems that meet best practice. Best practice laws are most common among countries in the European region; in all other regions, less than 7% of countries have laws on the use of child restraint systems that align with best practice. Only 22 countries rate their enforcement of child restraint laws as “good” (eight or above on a scale of zero to ten) and only 35 collect data on child restraint use. Figure 13: Countries with child restraint laws meeting best practice, 2017 Children up to 10 years/135 cm covered, standard, front seating restrictions Children under 4 covered, those between 4 and 10 insufficiently covered or children up to 10 years/135 cm covered, no standard Children under 4 insufficiently covered or no law or law not based on age/height or front seating restrictions only Not applicable Data not available 44 Chapter 3 ).O$#.56#6754'2O46O04O#&5#('6;2018 Reducing distracted driving &istrCcteddriXiPID[OQDiNedeXicessuchCssOCrtphQPesCPd/ QrQtheriPXehicNedeXicesisCIrQYiPIrisMHCctQrNiPMedtQseriQus PeICtiXeQutcQOes Ť 6heuseQHCOQDiNephQPeYhiNedriXiPI isYidespreCdCOQPIst[QuPICPdPQXicedriXersCPdIrQYiPI COQPIstOQtQrc[cNistsCddiPIHurthertQtheCNreCd[hiIhrisMQH crCshCPddeCthCOQPItheseIrQups6eNephQPeuseYhiNedriXiPI
YhetherhCPdheNdQrhCPdsHree iPcreCsestheNiMeNihQQdQHDeiPI iPXQNXediPCcrCshD[CHCctQrQHHQurYhiNeteZtiPIiPcreCsescrCsh risMD[CrQuPdtiOes &riXerreCctiQPtiOeshCXeCNsQDeeP shQYPtQDesNQYerYithteNephQPeusethCPYithQut5iOiNCrN[ iPcCrteNephQPecQPXersCtiQPsiOpCirdriXersOQrethCPNistePiPItQ therCdiQQrtCNMiPItQpCssePIers &espitetheIrQYiPIDQd[ QHeXidePceQPtherisMsCssQciCtedYithdistrCcteddriXiPIthere reOCiPsCdeCrthQHeXidePceQPtheeHHectiXePessQHiPterXePtiQPs tQreducedistrCcteddriXiPI 4eXieYQHOQDiNephQPeNCYs 6hereisiPsuHficiePteXidePceQPtheeHHectiXePessQHNeIisNCtiQPtQ NiOitQrprQhiDittheuseQHOQDiNedeXicesYhiNedriXiPItQestCDNish DestprCcticecriteriC#tQtCNQHcQuPtrieshCXeCPCtiQPCNOQDiNe phQPeNCYiPpNCceCPdOQst prQhiDittheuseQHhCPdheNdOQDiNe phQPesYhiNedriXiPI+PterOsQHprQIressOCdeHQurCdditiQPCN cQuPtrieshCXePCtiQPCNOQDiNephQPeNCYsthQuIhtheiOpCctQH thiscCPPQtDeCssessedCtthistiOeCsthereiscurrePtN[PQtCDest prCcticeHQrNeIisNCtiQPQPdistrCcteddriXiPI )iXePthediHficuNt[iPdetectiPItheseDehCXiQursePHQrceOePtCPd dCtCcQNNectiQPreOCiPchCNNePIiPIcQuPtriesrQutiPeN[cQNNect dCtCQPthisrisMNCrIeN[thrQuIhreIuNCrpQNicecrCshrepQrtsYith HeYreIuNCrQDserXCtiQPCNstudies#PCdditiQPCNcQuPtrieshCXe sQOePQPrQutiPeN[cQNNecteddCtCHrQOreseCrch 64 countries routinely collect data on distracted driving through police reports and observational studies. Reducing drug-driving 6hQuIhOQrediHficuNttQSuCPtiH[thCPCNcQhQNtheuseQH iNNeICN druIsCPdcertCiPprescriptiQPOedicCtiQPsisiPcreCsiPIN[NiPMedtQ rQCdtrCHficcrCshesCPddeCthsthQuIhthereCreOCP[cQOpNeZities CrQuPdtestiPICPdestCDNishiPIthecCusCNit[QHdiHHerePtdruIs
6hecQPcQOitCPtuseQHdruIsCPdCNcQhQNpresePtsHurther cQOpNeZitiesCPdrisMs 6here isCdeCrthQHdCtCQPhQY HreSuePtN[driXersuseCPd/QrCreiOpCiredD[druIsCPdHeYcQuPtries s[steOCticCNN[OeCsuretheeZtePtQHthedruIdriXiPIprQDNeO &CtCHrQOthe7Pited5tCtesshQYthCtCOQPIHCtCNN[iPLureddriXers HQrYhQOdruItestresuNtsYereCXCiNCDNeYerepQsitiXeiP CPiPcreCseHrQOiP 6herisMQHcrCshCPd deCthXCriesdepePdiPIQPthet[peQHps[chQCctiXedruI6heuse QHCOphetCOiPesiPcreCsestherisMHQrHCtCNcrCshesD[fiXetiOes CPdrisMHQrPQPHCtCNcrCshesD[siZtiOes 4eXieYQHdruIdriXiPINCYs 6hereis iPsuHficiePteXidePceQPtheeHHectiXePessQH NeIisNCtiQP tQNiOitQrprQhiDitdruIdriXiPItQestCDNishDestprCcticecriteriC 6heOCLQrit[QHcQuPtriessurXe[ed hCXeCPCtiQPCNdruIdriXiPI NCYiPpNCce6hisiPcNudestYQcQuPtriesthCthCXeCdQptedNCYstQ prQhiDitdruIdriXiPIsiPcethQuIhtheiOpCctQHthiscCPPQt DeCssessedCtthistiOeCsthereiscurrePtN[PQtCDestprCcticeHQr NeIisNCtiQPQPdruIdriXiPI 6heeZtePtQHthedruIdriXiPIprQDNeOisiPsuHficiePtN[MPQYPiP OCP[cQuPtriesOPN[repQrteddQiPIsQOedruItestiPICOQPI HCtCNN[iPLureddriXers 75 countries reported doing some drug testing among fatally injured drivers. Chapter 3 47 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 CHAPTER 4 SAFE ROADS 88% of pedestrian travel is on 1- or 2-star roads 86% of bicyclist travel is on 1- or 2-star roads 67% of motorcyclist travel is on 1- or 2-star roads • When safety is taken into consideration during the planning, design and operation of roads, substantial contributions can be made to reducing road traffic deaths and injuries. • For pedestrians, cyclists and motorcyclists, the lack of specific infrastructure features that can ensure them a safe journey leaves them vulnerable to injury. • Road safety inspections and the star rating of roads can provide mechanisms to identify failings in infrastructure which can affect a crash likelihood and severity. • Upgrading high-risk roads and providing access to safe and affordable public transport will reduce road traffic death and injury. Key messages 50 Road infrastructure is strongly linked to fatal and serious injury causation in road collisions, and research has shown that improvements to the road infrastructure are critical to improving overall road safety (69). The aim is to create a safe road environment, rather than placing the main responsibility for safety on users who fail to deal with the intrinsic dangers of the roads. Head-on crashes, for example, occur on undivided roads while the lack of a footpath or a safe crossing presents a major risk for death and injury to pedestrians (3)(Qrc[cNistsCPdOQtQrc[cNiststheNCcMQHspecific infrastructure features that ensure a safe journey like cycle lanes and motorcycle lanes leaves them vulnerable to impact and injury (69). The provision of affordable and safe public transport as well as facilities for safe walking and cycling are highly important. Review of the use of standards and tools to improve the safety quality of roads This report has continued to track the status of countries in setting design standards, undertaking audits and/or the star rating of new road infrastructure and inspection/star rating of existing roads. Three new questions in this report involve: ´ the use of dedicated funding to upgrade high-risk roads. In most countries and cities, more than half of all road deaths and severe injuries happen on less than 10% of the road length (70). The return on investment for improving road infrastructure safety on these high-risk roads is substantial. ´ design standards that specifically meet the needs of vulnerable road users. Historic road design practice and standards have focussed on meeting the capacity and travel time needs of motorized XehicNesYhereCsthespecificPeedsQHXuNPerCDNerQCdusershCXe often been secondary considerations. 114 countries currently undertake systematic assessments or star rating of existing roads. Chapter 4 51 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 88% of pedestrian travel occurs on roads that are unsafe. ´ the provision of affordable and safe public transport. In urban areas, where an additional two billion people are expected to be living in cities by 2045, the provision of affordable and safe public transport is an essential investment for sustainable mobility. While design standards exist in most countries, the way in which they are applied to a new road design is influenced by the complexity of the location (urban, rural, utility services, road users present), the priority on safety outcomes and the budgets allocated for the project. This review shows that 112 countries have national design standards for the management of speed. Ninety-two countries have national design standards for separating pedestrians and cyclists rQCdusersHrQOOQtQri\edtrCHficOPehuPdredCPdthirt[tYQ countries have national design standards for the provision of safe crossings for pedestrians and cyclists. Road safety inspections and the star rating of existing roads provide a mechanism to identify any existing road design and speed management features that can affect crash likelihood and severity. Systematic risk rate mapping, performance tracking and safety rating 52 using objective data are carried out by international and national road assessment programmes. (71). Road protection scores assess the level of protection against the risk of death and serious injury in collisions for all main user groups afforded by the road environment. Each road is given a star rating from one to five stars. Minimum star ratings for the infrastructure safety of major roads are increasingly being used in targeted programmes and are recommended, especially where high-quality crash injury data are not yet available or where capacity is still being built for safety engineering (69). A sample of recent of International Road Assessment Programme (iRAP) assessments from 54 countries, covering 358,000 kilometers of rural and urban roads with over 700 billion vehicle kilometres of travel a year has highlighted that 88% of pedestrian travel is on one- or two-star roads, 86% of bicycle travel is one- or two-star roads, 67% of motorcycle travel is on one- or two-star roads, and 44% of vehicle travel is one- or two-star roads (72). One hundred forty-seven countries reported carrying out road safety audits or star ratings for new roads while 114 countries reported doing safety assessments or star rating on existing roads. The implementation of a dedicated funding stream and targeted programmes to upgrade high-risk roads and provide access to safe and affordable public transport will help to systematically eliminate the highest-risk roads in a country and reduce death and injury. This review found that 116 countries have a systematic programme in place for targeting and upgrading high-risk locations on existing roads. Additionally, 77 countries reported investing in mass transit while 103 countries reported having formal policies for formal bus/ mini-bus systems. Chapter 4 53 ).O$#.56#6754'2O46O04O#&5#('6;2018 Table 3: Star rating of roads – what makes a road safe? Star Rating No sidewalk, No safe crossing, MO/htrCHfic No cyclepath, No safe crossings, poor road surface, MO/htrCHfic No motorcycle lane, undivided road, trees close to road, winding alignment, MO/htrCHfic Undivided road with narrow centerline, trees close to road, winding alignment, MO/htrCHfic Sidewalk present, pedestrian refuge, street lighting, MO/htrCHfic OPrQCdc[cNeNCPe good road surface, street lighting, MO/htrCHfic OPrQCdOQtQrc[cNe lane, undivided road, good road surface, >5m to any roadside hazards, MO/htrCHfic Wide centerline separating oncoming vehicles, >5m to any roadside hazards, MO/htrCHfic Sidewalk present, signalized crossing with refuge, street lighting, 40 km/h OHHrQCddedicCted cycle facility, raised platform crossing of major roads, street lighting &edicCted separated motorcycle lane, central hatching, no roadside hazards, straight alignment, MO/htrCHfic Safety barrier separating oncoming vehicles and protecting roadside hazards, straight alignment, MO/htrCHfic * For details on the full model for all road users and more urban and rural examples see https://www.irap.org//3-star-or-better/what-is-star-rating. 54 Box 8: 5-star school journey for Lusaka students Sub-Saharan Africa has the world’s highest road traffic injury rates. For students of Justin Kabwe Primary School in Lusaka, Zambia, their journey to school is now much safer, with access roads raised from one- and two-star dangerous to five-star safety excellence, assessed using iRAP’s Star Rating for Schools app. Four children were injured on roads around the school before the school was upgraded. 4,700 vehicles pass the entrance, 200 people cross the road and over 900 people walk along the road past the school every peak hour. Crossing the road into school used to be very dangerous. Thanks to a project completed in November 2017, infrastructure improvements have vastly improved safety, assessed using the Star Rating for Schools (SR4S) app powered by iRAP’s Pedestrian Star Rating. The improvements included the addition of a raised platform pedestrian crossing, footpaths, fencing and a school zone warning, removal of vehicle parking which blocked sight lines, and reduced operating speeds of passing vehicles. Four locations with high pedestrian traffic flows were star rated for safety using the SR4S app before and after the infrastructure improvements. The before and after star rating results captured by SR4S reflected a major improvement in safety. The school’s main entrance intersection and nearby corner achieved star rating improvements from one to five stars and two to five stars respectively. Source: iRAP, 2018 https://www.irap.org/media-centre/case-studies/ Chapter 4 55 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 CHAPTER 5 SAFE VEHICLES 40 countries implement 7 or 8 of the priority UN vehicle safety standards 124 countries apply 0 or 1 of the 8 priority UN vehicle safety standards • Vehicle safety features such as electronic stability control and advanced braking make a substantial contribution to reducing road traffic deaths and injuries. • Despite these potential benefits, not all new and used vehicles are required to be equipped with these and other internationally recognized vehicle safety standards. • New Car Assessment Programmes (NCAPs) have proved highly effective in raising levels of vehicle safety significantly above minimum regulatory requirements. Key messages 58 40 countries representing 1 billion people, have implemented at least 7 or all of the 8 priority UN vehicle safety standards. Vehicle safety is increasingly critical to the prevention of crashes and hCsDeePshQYPtQcQPtriDutetQsuDstCPtiCNreductiQPsiPthePuODerQH deCthsCPdseriQusiPLuriesQPtherQCds (eCturessuchCseNectrQPic stability control and advanced braking are examples of vehicle safety standards that can prevent a crash from occurring or reduce the severity QHiPLuries &espitethesepQtePtiCNDePefitsPQtCNNPeYCPdused XehicNesCrereSuiredtQDeeSuippedYithiPterPCtiQPCNN[recQIPi\ed safety standards 'iIht70XehicNesCHet[stCPdCrdshCXeDeeP priQriti\edHQriOpNeOePtCtiQPD[cQuPtries $QZ 4eXieYQHtCMeupQHMe[XehicNesCHet[ regulations #sshQYPiP(iIureprQIressYithuptCMeQHtheeiIhtpriQrit[70 XehicNesCHet[stCPdCrdshCsDeePXer[NiOitedsiPcetheNCstreXieY 6QdCteonly OCiPN[hiIhiPcQOecQuPtrieshCXeiOpNeOePted seXePQreiIhtQHthesestCPdCrds'NeXePcQuPtriesCppN[tYQtQsiZ stCPdCrdsand CppN[QPeQrPQPeQHthestCPdCrds5iPcethe NCstreXieYone CdditiQPCNcQuPtr[+PdiCis applying the front and side iOpCctprQtectiQPstCPdCrdOne QthercQuPtr[/CNC[siChas applied theeNectrQPicstCDiNit[cQPtrQNreIuNCtiQPHrQO Figure 14: Countries implementing priority UN safety standards for vehicles, 2018 0 50 100 150 N um be r of c ou nt ri es 7 or 8 2 to 6 0 or 1 40 11 124 +PthepreXiQusrepQrtpriQrit[stCPdCrdsYereidePtified#PCdditiQPCNstCPdCrdHQrOQtQrc[cNeCPti NQcMDrCMiPIs[steOs #$5 hCsDeePiPcNudediPthisrepQrt Chapter 5 ).O$#.56#6754'2O46O04O#&5#('6;2018 +P reNCtiQP tQ theOQtQrc[cNeCPtiNQcMDrCMiPIs[steOs #$5 CPuODerQHcQuPtriesYithhiIhusCIeQHOQtQrc[cNesCreQrYiNN DeiOpNeOePtiPIreIuNCtiQPsreSuiriPItheuseQH#$5QrcQODiPed DrCMiPIs[steOs %$5 HQrOQtQrc[cNes#sshQYPiP6CDNeOQstQH thecQuPtriesiOpNeOePtiPIthesereIuNCtiQPsreSuire#$5s[steOs HQrXehicNesIreCterthCPcc %hiPCCPd$rC\iNQPN[reSuire#$5HQr XehicNesIreCterthCPccCPdccrespectiXeN[YhichOeCPs that a large number of motorcycles and e-bikes are excluded from thisreSuireOePt9iththeeZceptiQPQH$rC\iNCNNhCXeprQXisiQPs tQeZtePdthe#$5reSuireOePtsHQrusedOQtQrc[cNesCNreCd[iP circuNCtiQPiPcircuNCtiQPreSuiriPItheOtQDeretrQfittedCsYeNNCs HQrPeYOQtQrc[cNes Table 4: Motorcycle ABS regulation, 2018 Countries Motorcycle ABS regulation Note EU ;'5ŤHQrCNNPeYt[pes cc CsQH/CPdHQrCNNeZistiPI t[pes ccCsQH/ cccCPhCXe#$5 Qr%$5fitted Japan ;'5ŤHQrCNNPeYt[pes cc CsQH/CPdHQrCNNeZistiPI t[pes ccCsQH/ cccCPhCXe#$5 Qr%$5fitted India ;'5ŤHQrCNNPeYt[pes cc CsQH/CPdHQrCNNeZistiPI t[pes ccCsQH/ cccCPhCXe #$5Qr%$5fitted China ;'5ŤHQrCNNPeYt[pes cc CsQH/CPdHQrCNNeZistiPI t[pes ccCsQH/ ccOCPdCtQr[ both front and rear YheeN ccCPd cc#$5Qr%$5 Brazil ;'5ŤHQrCNNPeYt[pes ccrCOpupHrQO cccCPhCXe#$5 Qr%$5fitted QHHrQCd bikes excluded Australia ;'5ŤHQrCNNPeYt[pes cc HrQO/CPdHQrCNNeZistiPI t[pes ccHrQO/ cccCPhCXe #$5Qr%$5 60 Review of consumer information programme progress: The UN General Assembly has recommended the implementation of new car assessments as a means of improving vehicle safety (76). New Car Assessment Programmes (NCAPs) have proved highly effective in raising levels of vehicle safety significantly above minimum regulatory requirements. NCAPs typically carry out safety ratings for crashworthiness to promote occupant and pedestrian protection and crash avoidance through crash tests and technology assessments (77). Chapter 5 61 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Figure 15: Countries applying UN vehicle safety standards, 2018 Meets 7 or 8 international vehicle standards Meets 2 to 6 international vehicle standards Meets 0 or 1 international vehicle standard Not applicable Data not available 62 Box 9: Priority UN vehicle safety standards 1Ť2: Frontal impact protection and side impact protection (R94 and R95): ensure that cars withstand the impacts of a frontal and side impact crash when tested at certain speeds. These crashworthiness regulations help to protect occupants withstand the impact of front and side impact crashes. 3: Electronic stability control (R140): prevents skidding and loss of control in cases of over- steering or understeering and is effective at reducing crashes and saving lives. It is effective in avoiding single car and roll over crashes, reducing both fatal and serious injuries. 4: Pedestrian front protection (R127): provides softer bumpers and modifies the front ends of vehicles (e.g. removes unnecessarily rigid structures) that can reduce the severity of a pedestrian impact with a car. 5Ť6: Seat-belts and seat-belt anchorages (R14 R16): ensure that seat-belts are fitted in vehicles when they are manufactured and assembled and that the seat-belt anchor points can withstand the impact incurred during a crash, to minimize the risk of belt slippage and ensure that passengers can be safely removed from their seats if there is a crash. 7: Child restraints (R129): ensure that the child seat is in place with the adult seat-belt and that ISOFI: child restraint anchorage points are fitted to secure the restraint. 8: Motorcycle anti-lock braking systems (R78): help the rider maintain control during an emergency braking situation and reduce the likelihood of a road traffic crash and subsequent injury. 63 Box 10: Establishing new e-bike standards in China China, like many other countries, is seeing a surge in the use of e-bikes Ť some estimates indicate that there are 200 million such vehicles in use nationally, three million of which can be found in Beijing. As the nature of e-bikes has evolved, the existing standards established in 1999 are no longer relevant and as a result, e-bikes sold and used in China are not standardized. Without an appropriate standard, many vehicles are being manufactured and sold as ŧe-bikes’ when they are essentially motorcycles that are capable of going 40 km/h or faster. However, they are all treated as bicycles and thus helmet requirements and speed limits are not imposed. As such, they use bike lanes and footpaths designed for and used by non-motorised users. In May 2018 a new standard was issued aiming to improve the regulation of e-bikes and putting an end to the practice of motorcycles passing for e-bikes. This standard is being phased in (commencing in April 2019). Any vehicle that meets the new standard (which is aligned with international practice with a speed limit of 25 km/h) will be considered a bicycle and not subject to registration, licensing or helmet requirements. Those e-bikes not meeting that standard will be treated as motorcycles and subject to helmet laws and licensing requirements. As the majority of e-bikes in circulation are likely to be non-standard, this standard closes a loophole that allowed millions of motorcycle riders to not wear a helmet. Source: Electric Bicycles-General Technical Requirements GB17761-1999; Electric Bicycles-General Technical Requirements GB17761-2018 64 Box 11: Vehicle safety standards in India India is the fourth largest vehicle producer in the world and now applies new vehicle safety standards to passenger cars and motorcycles. In 2014, independent crash tests carried out by Global NCAP’s ŧSafer Cars for India’ initiative revealed that some of India’s top selling models would fail the UN’s frontal impact crash test. Further Global NCAP tests at a higher speed also resulted in zero-star ratings indicating a high risk of fatal or serious injury. In 2015 the Indian government announced the application of new regulations consistent with the UN standards for front and side impact and also pedestrian protection. For new car models, the use of front and side crash tests came into force from October 2017 and will apply to all new cars from October 2019. The pedestrian protection regulation for new models came into force from October 2018 and will apply to all new cars from October 2020. In addition, new cars are required to have air bags fitted as standard and to have a speed warning device above 80 km/h. The combination of the new regulations and the Safer Cars for India project is raising consumer demand for key features such as airbags and acting as a strong catalyst for improved safety design by the automobile industry. New models are now on the market that not only comply with the new standards but also achieve good scores — including a model that achieved four stars in Global NCAP tests that are more stringent. The production of older designs of cars that cannot pass the new crash tests, such as the Tata Nano, which received zero stars in Global NCAP’s first round of tests in 2014, is being phased out. The next challenge for India is to accelerate use of electronic stability control which is currently fitted in over 70% of new passenger cars worldwide but to less than 10% of new cars in India. Chapter 5 ).O$#.56#6754'2O46O04O#&5#('6;2018 for the past 3 YEARS 6hepNCteCuiPrQCdtrCHficdeCths setCICiPstCiPcreCseiPINQDCN pQpuNCtiQPCPdiPcreCseiP OQtQri\CtiQPsuIIeststhCtrQCd sCHet[eHHQrtsQXerthepCst[eCrs hCXesCXedNiXes CHAPTER 6 POST-CRASH CARE 109 countries have a telephone number with national coverage to activate the emergency care 55% of countries have a formal process to train and certify prehospital providers 45% of countries have national or subnational trauma registries • Simple and affordable post-crash care interventions save lives. • Effective care for the injured requires timely care at the scene, prompt transport to appropriate emergency and surgical care at hospital, and early access to rehabilitation services. • The proportion of patients who die before reaching a hospital in low-income countries is over twice that in high-income countries. • Bystanders contribute by activating the emergency care system and taking simple, potentially life-saving actions until professional help is available. Key messages 68 A broad and integrated approach to post-crash care can save millions of lives and mitigate the short- and long-term effects of experiencing a crash to help survivors return to function and independence at hQOeCPdCtYQrM -e[eNeOePtsQHpQstcrCshcCreidePtified in the Decade of Action include structures to allow timely delivery of health services, data to inform policy and support quality care delivery, and legislation to ensure access to emergency care without regard to ability to pay (4). Building systems to ensure timely care for the injured Emergency care is at the core of the post-crash response. There is a series of time sensitive actions that are essential to provide effective care for the injured, beginning with activation of the emergency care system and continuing with care at the scene, transport, and facility- based emergency care. Rehabilitation – both in hospital and beyond, is essential to maximise the impact of emergency and surgical care and to limit the physical and psychological impact of injuries (18). Ideally, countries should designate a lead government agency with the authority to set system-wide standards and to coordinate prehospital and hospital-based care for the injured. Role of bystanders in the emergency care system Even the most sophisticated emergency care system is ineffective if bystanders fail to recognize a serious injury or do not know how to call for help. Bystanders contribute by activating the emergency care system and taking simple, potentially life-saving actions until professional help is available (80–82). To facilitate the important contribution of bystanders it is important that there is legislation in place to protect those who assist the injured. WHO’s Emergency Care System Assessments, carried out in over 30 countries worldwide, Countries should set up lead agencies to set standards and coordinate care for those injured in rRaG WraIfic crashes. Chapter 6 69 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 55% of countries have a formal process to train and certify prehospital care providers. found that many countries have no bystander protection laws or limited enforcement, and many countries report that those who CssisttheiPLuredeZperiePceCrCPIeQHseriQusfiPCPciCNNeICNCPd social consequences. To activate the emergency care system, ideally there should be a single telephone number that is valid throughout the country, easy to remember and available as a free call (6,80,83). This current report found that 109 countries have a telephone number with full national coverage. Among the countries that have conducted the WHO Emergency Care System Assessment, several report that less than half the population know the emergency care access number by memory. Care at the scene The proportion of patients who die before reaching a hospital in middle-income countries is over twice that in high-income countries (84). Despite the enormous potential impact of prehospital care, the current report shows that 55% of countries have a formal process to train and certify prehospital providers. In addition, the WHO Emergency Care System Assessments data show that most countries report either no ambulances available to travel to the scene of the crash or that the number of ambulances available is grossly inadequate to meet population needs. It is important to recognise that while the optimal system may be one that can quickly dispatch equipped ambulances with trained providers to the scene of the injury, there are many ways to improve care at the scene of a crash (3,80). For example, simple systems using mobile phones and targeted training of key lay groups (e.g. community leaders, police, and professional drivers) to provide basic interventions can bridge to professional care and improve outcomes (3,80). 70 Hospital-based emergency care for the injured Even short delays to care for the injured can mean lives lost. The WHO Emergency Care System Assessments have found that firstNeXeNhQspitCNsiPOCP[cQuPtriesNCcMdedicCtedeOerIePc[uPits altogether. Where these units exist, many lack essential equipment for diagnosis and treatment of injuries, and few have the protocols and checklists needed to ensure a systematic approach to every injured patient. They are often staffed only by providers working on CrQtCtiQPCNDCsisYhQOC[QrOC[PQthCXetheDePefitQHdedicCted training in the care of emergencies: indeed, this report found that just more than half (54%) of countries have speciality training pathways in emergency medicine and trauma surgery. Beyond a staffed and equipped emergency unit, any facility that is certifiedtQcCreHQrtheseriQusN[iPLuredshQuNdhCXehQurCccess to operative and critical care services. However, most countries who have conducted the Emergency Care System Assessment report that less than a quarter of the population overall would be able to access a staffed operating theatre within two hours of serious injury. In addition, all assessed countries report inadequate numbers QHSuCNifiedrehCDiNitCtiQPprQXidersCPdNQPIdeNC[siPCccessiPI community-based rehabilitation services. Data and information to guide post- crash response Systematic hospital-based data collection is critical to both clinical quality improvement activities and targeted planning and prevention initiatives. Trauma registries are case-based databases that gather information on injury epidemiology, clinical interventions and health QutcQOesiPQrdertQidePtiH[CPdCddressspecificICpsiPcCre+PDQth high- and limited-resource settings, registries have been shown to Less than 25% of people have access to a staffed operating theatre within two hours of a road WraIfic crasK Chapter 6 71 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 improve the quality of care and clinical outcomes, as well as allow for the identification of high-yield targets for prevention. Overall, the current report found that fewer than half (45%) of countries had national or subnational trauma registries in place. Over half of the world’s countries either have registries only in a few scattered facilities or no registry at all. To address this gap, WHO has recently established a Global Registry for Emergency and Trauma Care, and implementation has been initiated in a number of middle-income countries. In addition, it is essential for countries to establish policies that ensure effective crash investigation and equitable access to information for survivors and their families. 72 Box 12: A simple low-cost emergency care package in Uganda Emergency care in health facilities across Uganda is improving following a Ministry of Health scale-up of a WHO pilot intervention that halved the number of hospital deaths from emergency conditions (road traffic injuries, childhood diarrhoea, pneumonia, asthma and postpartum haemorrhage). Executed at a cost of US$ 3500 per hospital, this pilot included WHO basic emergency care training for hospital staff, the introduction of simple WHO emergency unit protocols (including checklists and triage) and identifying and organizing a simple resuscitation area with existing resources. In addition, Uganda has undertaken pilot implementation of the WHO Global Registry for Emergency and Trauma Care at regional hospitals around the country. The registry’s automated reporting functions allow data to be used to improve the quality of clinical care as well as to inform policy and planning. Chapter 6 73 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 74 CONCLUSION TAKING STOCK AND LOOKING AHEAD 1.35 million deaths each year 123 countries have road traffic laws that meet best practice for at least one of the key behavioural risk factors 88% of pedestrian travel is on 1- or 2-star roads 40 countries have implemented 7 or 8 of the priority UN vehicle safety standards 109 countries have a telephone number with national coverage to activate the emergency care system • The Decade of Action for Road Safety 2011-2020 has led to a remarkable increase in global attention, investments and efforts to reduce deaths and injuries on the world’s roads. • While progress has been made by countries in strengthening road traffic laws, improving the safety of roads and vehicles, and enhancing post-crash care, the number of road traffic deaths and injuries remains unacceptably high. • The progress that has been achieved has not occurred at a pace fast enough to achieve the SDG target 3.6 to reduce road traffic deaths by 50% by 2020. • Above all, accelerating progress will require increased political will and commitment at the highest level of government. Key messages 76 Summary of progress to date The number of road traffic deaths continues to climb, reaching 1.35 million in 2016, while the rate of death relative to the size of the world’s population has stabilized in recent years. The progress that has been achieved has not occurred at a pace fast enough to compensate for the rising population and rapid motorization of transport taking place in many parts of the world. At this rate, the SDG target 3.6 to halve road traffic deaths by 2020 will not be met. This review of key risk factors does show, however, that progress is being made in improving key road safety laws, infrastructure, adoption of vehicles standards and improving access to the post-crash care. As countries work over time to create sustainably safe environments for road use through improved planning, design, operation and investment in the safety quality of roads, vehicles and post-crash care, the combined publicity and enforcement of key safety legislation CONCLUSION 77 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 presents opportunities to achieve immediate and substantial road safety results. The review has found that the progress has been made across countries to bring laws into line with best practice with tePCdditiQPCNcQuPtries iPtQtCN CNiIPiPIYithDestprCctices QPCddressiPIdriPMdriXiPIfiXeCdditiQPCNcQuPtries iPtQtCN aligning with best practices on motorcycle helmet use, four additional cQuPtries iPtQtCN CNiIPiPIYithDestprCcticesQPtheuseQH chiNdrestrCiPts[steOsCPdthreeCdditiQPCNcQuPtries iPtQtCN aligning with best practices on the use of seat-belts. The number of countries with laws in line with best practices for speed management hCsPQtchCPIed iPtQtCN #sCresuNtQHtheseiPterXePtiQPs CPCdditiQPCNQPeDiNNiQPpeQpNeCrePQYcQXeredD[rQCdtrCHficNCYs that meet best practice. Progress is evident in the planning, design and operation of roads and roadsides, addressing high-risk sections and areas and in the take-up of a range of tools. Vehicle safety measures continue to OCMeCsuDstCPtiCNCPdeHficiePtcQPtriDutiQPtQreduciPIdeCthCPd serious injuries amongst car occupants. Despite the fact that only 40 countries have implemented seven or eight of the priority UN vehicle safety standards, there are signs of progress with countries such as +PdiCprQduciPIitsfirstHQurstCrXehicNe6hereCreCNsQsiIPsthCt access to post-crash care is improving. 6herehCsCNsQDeePsiIPificCPtprQIressiPCdXCPciPItheINQDCN road safety agenda. The Decade of Action has led to a remarkable increase in global attention, investments, and efforts to reduce deaths and injuries on the world’s roads. The increased recognition and political support for road safety have fostered an enabling ePXirQPOePtHQrtCrIetedCctiQPsCPdCreeZeOpNifiedD[seXerCN important developments. Examples of these include: ´ SDG targets 3.6 and 11.2 addressing road safety; The Decade of Action has led to an increase in global attention, investments, and efforts to reduce deaths and injuries on roads. 78 ´ 12 voluntary global road safety performance targets in support of the SDGs and new linkages between road safety and other public health and societal goals; ´ United Nations Road Safety Trust Fund to catalyse investments in road safety in countries; ´ reIiQPCNdCtCQDserXCtQriestQHCciNitCteDetterrepQrtiPIQHrQCdtrCHfic deaths; and ´ networks of legislators in Africa and the Eastern Mediterranean to facilitate the implementation of road safety legislation that meet best practice. These outcomes are not directly captured by this report, but they contribute iPcriticCNYC[stQstrePIthePiPIthefieNd#NQPIYiththeiPXestOePtsQH IQXerPOePtsfiPCPciersCPdpriXCteHQuPdCtiQPsthe[hCXeNCidtheHQuPdCtiQP for future efforts and are indicative of the momentum generated in recent years. Remaining challenges The results presented in this report, and the developments highlighted above iPdicCtesiIPificCPtOQXesHQrYCrdhCXeDeePOCdeQPrQCdsCHet[QXerthe past decade. Further progress will depend upon future success in addressing therCPIeQHsiIPificCPtchCNNePIesYhichreOCiP Increasing political will Despite a better understanding of the problem and its solutions, political will to carry out the necessary actions is often lacking. Too many countries still lack funded strategies, lead agencies and good laws that are enforced. Ensuring accountability Improving the safety of roads requires clear responsibility and accountability that cuts across sectors. Those who plan, design, operate and use the road system share responsibility for creating a road system in which crashes do Investments of government, financiers and private foundations, have laid the foundation for future efforts. 79 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 CONCLUSION not result in death or serious injury. This responsibility is shared across government, business, media and civil society, requiring alignment with a range of societal goals, careful governmental leadership and an effective safety performance framework. However, there needs to be clear responsibility for progress on the system as well as for each component. The establishment of lead agencies with appropriate capacity and related multisectoral coordination arrangements amongst the responsible agencies are a prerequisite for effective action. Strengthening data collection Robust data are a critical component for the attainment of any future target. Without the ability to assess progress and the effectiveness of efforts to reduce fatalities and injuries, countries will not be able to identify gaps in the system and deliver tailored improvements. As a result of the differences in definitions, reporting, and coding practices adopted by health, police, and insurance, the individual sources of data often provide an incomplete view of the actual situation. Building capacity Many countries are still struggling to establish capacity for sustainable safety management and the leadership, coordination and funding arrangements, which underpin better performance. Silo approaches to intervention persist and while there are examples of multisectoral activity and shared responsibility, these are atypical. Looking Ahead While many key elements of the road safety response are now well articulated, there is a failure of implementation and scale of response in most countries. Current action is insufficient to meet the targets and a large burden of unnecessary death and injury, particularly to the young, will remain without a change in political will, clear responsibilities and accountability, good data and capacity to act. 80 Experience shows that sustained gains in road safety only happen when a more integrated approach is taken. Going forward, it will be important to learn from experiences to date and address the factors noted above that hinder success. There is an urgent need for governments to scale up their road safety efforts in order to live up to their commitments made in the Sustainable Development Agenda 2030. The upcoming Third Global Ministerial Conference on Road Safety in Sweden in February 2020 will be a key opportunity to take a strategic view and set a road safety agenda for the next decade, including by setting a new global target on fatalities. 81 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 CONCLUSION REFERENCES 1. 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SECTION 2 COUNTRY/AREA PROFILES 92 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of P ub lic H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency No Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads — Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 655 357 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 407 608 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 68 090 Heavy trucks 81 416 Buses 20 589 Other 77 654 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 565 a (63% M, 10% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 5 230 (95% CI 4 502 - 5 958) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 15.1 a Tra c Police Department. Unlimited time period following crash Afghanistan Population: 34 656 032 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 580 Deaths by road user category Source: Tra c Police Department 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 90 km/h b Max rural speed limit 90 km/h b Max motorway speed limit 90 km/h b Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law No Applies to drivers and passengers — Helmet fastening required — Helmet standard referred to and/or specified — Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement — Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants — Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes b Speed limit set per vehicle type with a maximum speed limit of 90 km/h for fast moving vehicles, decreased by 20 km/h in mountain paths c Not based on BAC. Alcohol consumption legally prohibited Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 93 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Inter-ministerial Committee for Road Safety, Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2009-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 563 106 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 436 013 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 36 096 Heavy trucks 17 670 Buses 7 050 Other 66 277 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 269 a (81% M, 19% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 399 (95% CI 369 - 428) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 13.6 a Directorate of Road Tra c Police. Died within 30 days of crash Albania Population: 2 926 348 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 4 250 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 16% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 24% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 12%Cyclists 8% Pedestrians 39% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 1% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other <1% Source: 2016, Directorate of Road Tra c Police, Accidents Information System (AIS) Source: Directorate of Road Tra c Police, Accidents Information System (AIS) 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 40 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 5% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 75% Drivers c, 60% Passengers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 85% Front seats c, 80% Rear seats c National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint d Child restraint required Up to 4 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, Directorate of Road Tra c Police, Accidents Information System (AIS) c 2016, Directorate of Road Tra c Police d Children under 12 years can travel in the front if placed in an appropriate restraining device (with airbag deactivated for rear-facing restraint) Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 94 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Council of Road Trac Planning (CNVOT) Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles — Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 2 845 a (71% M, 29% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 6 797 (95% CI 5 304 - 8 289) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 23.6 a National Police and Ministry of Health. Died within 72 hours of crash Angola Population: 28 813 464 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 440 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 27% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 33% Pedestrians 41% Source: 2016, National Police Source: National Police 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.06 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.06 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 7 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 40% Drivers b, 15% Passengers b National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 40% Front seats b, 10% Rear seats b National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs/150cm Child restraint required Up to 12 yrs/36 kg/150 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, National Police Trends in reported road tra c deaths Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 95 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth an d th e E nv iro nm en t. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Antigua & Barbuda Transport Board Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 36 030 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 32 828 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 180 Heavy trucks 1 272 Buses 1 630 Other 120 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry — Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 8 a (88% M, 13% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 8 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 7.9 a Police Tra c Department Records. Unlimited time period following crash Antigua and Barbuda Population: 100 963 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 13 400 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 63% Cyclists 13% Pedestrians 25% Source: 2016, Police Tra c Department Records Source: Police Tra c Department Records 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit ~ 32 km/h b Max rural speed limit ~ 64 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol <1% d National motorcycle helmet law No Applies to drivers and passengers — Helmet fastening required — Helmet standard referred to and/or specified — Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement — Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants — Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes b Applies in the City of Saint John's and in designated "speed limit areas" c Not based on BAC d 2011, Police Tra c Department Report Trends in reported road tra c deaths Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 96 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of th e I nt er ior an d T ra ns po rt. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Agency (ANSV), Ministry of Transportation Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 30% (2016-2026) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 21 633 587 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 13 850 936 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 7 040 248 Heavy trucks 306 171 Buses 88 307 Other 347 925 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes a Electronic stability control No b Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers — National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 5 530 c (78% M, 22% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 6 119 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 14 a Only for new models b Mandatory as from 2018 under voluntray agreement with car makers but postponed to 2022 by the new government following Brazil ESC mandatory date. c Statistical Report 2016 of the National Directorate of Road Observatory, National Road Safety Agency. Died within 30 days of crash Argentina Population: 43 847 432 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 11 960 Deaths by road user category Occupants of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 47% Pedestrians 8% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 1% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 18% Cyclists 2% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 22% Source: 2014, Ministry of Health of the Nation "Mortality from injuries in tra c accidents" Argentina. Years 2005-2014. Directorate of Health Statistics and Information. Buenos Aires December 2016. Series 12 N ° 7 Source: National Directorate of Road Observatory, National Road Safety Agency. 12.0 12.2 12.4 12.6 12.8 13.0 2016201520142013201220112010 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl d BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl d Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash — Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 17% e National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 65% Drivers f, 44% Passengers f National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 41% Front seats f, 23% Rear seats f National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required Up to 4 yrs g Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement — % children using child restraints 26% f National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes d ≤0.2 g/l for motorcycles drivers. e 2015, OAD/Sedronar. (2017) Mortality related to the consumption of psychoactive substances f 2016, Observational study of road safety behavior, National Directorate of Road Observatory g A 2018 amendment (not covered in the review period ending at December 2017) raised the age for mandatory child restraint use to 10 years old Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 97 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Council Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles — Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 267 a (81% M, 19% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 499 (95% CI 469 - 530) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 17.1 a Annual statistics report, based on death compiled by provincial vital statistics authorities. Died within 30 days of crash Armenia Population: 2 924 816 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 760 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 29% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 30% Cyclists <1% Pedestrians 35% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Other 2% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1% Source: 2016, Road police data Source: Road police and vital registration data 0 100 200 300 400 500 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 90 km/h b Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.04 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.04 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 2% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 95% Drivers d, 90% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 70% Drivers d, 70% Front seats d National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint e Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b The limit in residential area is reduced to 60 km/h c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers d 2016, Road police data e Transport of children under 12 years in the front seat shall be made in a "child protecting device" Trends in reported road tra c deaths Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 98 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by D ep ar tm en t o f I nf ra st ru ct ur e & R eg ion al D ev el op m en t. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Not funded Fatality reduction target 30% annually (2011- 2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 18 326 236 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 16 946 125 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 828 965 Heavy trucks 430 997 Buses 96 582 Other 23 567 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes a Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 296 b (74% M, 26% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 351 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 5.6 a Australia has signed the UN127 for Pedestrian Protection as a Contracting Party but is not enforcing it b National Crash Database, Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development. Died within 30 days of crash Australia Population: 24 125 848 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 54 420 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 45% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 16% Cyclists 2% Pedestrians 14% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 3% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other <1% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 19% Source: 2016, Australian Road Deaths Database and National Crash Database Source: Australian Road Deaths Database and National Crash Database 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 - 130 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 - 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 17% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 8 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 99% Drivers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 97% Front seats e, 96% Rear seats e National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 7 yrs f Child restraint required Up to 7 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes c 2015, National Crash Database, Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development d 1997, Haworth N et al, Case-Control Study of Motorcycle Crashes e 2013, Petroulias T, Community Attitudes to Road Safety: 2013 survey report f In no circumstances are children under 4 years allowed to sit in the front. Children from 4-7 years can sit in the front only if there is no room for them in the back due to the back seats being occupied by other children under 7 years Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 99 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of Tr an sp or t, In no va tio n an d T ec hn ol og y. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency BMVIT - Federal Ministry for Transport, Innovation and Technology Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 7 421 647 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 4 821 557 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 816 477 Heavy trucks 440 368 Buses 9 825 Other 1 333 420 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 432 a (72% M, 28% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 452 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 5.2 a Statistics Austria (online). Died within 30 days of crash Austria Population: 8 712 137 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 45 230 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 44% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 22% Cyclists 11% Pedestrians 17% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 5% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other <1% Source: Statistics Austria (online) Source: Statistics Austria (online) 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement — Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.01 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement — % road trac deaths involving alcohol 5% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs c Enforcement — Helmet wearing rate 100% All riders d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate 95% Front seats d, 93% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required Up to 14 yrs/150 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement — % children using child restraints 97% Rear seats d National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, Statistics Austria (online) c Or until footrests can be reached d 2016, IRTAD Road Safety Annual Report 2016 Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 100 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency State Road Police Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 330 551 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 136 983 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 3 290 Heavy trucks 141 525 Buses 30 958 Other 17 795 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 759 a (77% M, 23% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 845 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 8.7 a State Statistical Committee and State Road Police. Died within 7 days of crash Azerbaijan Population: 9 725 376 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 4 760 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 26% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 25% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers <1% Cyclists <1% Pedestrians 42% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 4% Source: 2016, Internal statistical data of State Road Police Source: Azerbaijan national statistics (online) 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 90km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 15% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No d Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 40% Front seats c, 20% Rear seats c National child restraint law No e Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint e Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Law not based on BAC/BrAC c 2016, Internal statistical data of State Road Police d The obligation to use seat belt does not apply in residential areas nor for children under 12 years e Child restraint systems are only required for children under 12 years seated in the front Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 101 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Council (NRSC), Ministry of Road Transport and Bridges Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 2 879 708 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 613 149 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 980 246 Heavy trucks 158 379 Buses 64 608 Other 63 326 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 2 376 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 24 954 (95% CI 20 730 - 29 177) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 15.3 a Bangladesh Police. Died at scene of crash Bangladesh Population: 162 951 552 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 330 Deaths by road user category Source: Bangladesh Police (fatality data), World Bank (population data) 0 1 2 3 4 201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit ~ 112 km/h b Max rural speed limit ~ 112 km/h b Max motorway speed limit ~ 112 km/h b Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants — Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes b Speed limit set per vehicle type with a maximum speed limit of 70 miles per hour (112 km/h) for light vehicles c Not based on BAC Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 102 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Barbados National Road Safety Council, Ministry of Transport and Works Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 117 104 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 108 502 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2 154 Heavy trucks 5 530 Buses 816 Other 102 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 9 a (89% M, 11% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 16 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 5.6 a Royal Barbados Police force. Defined as died within one year and one day of crash Barbados Population: 284 996 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 14 830 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 33% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 33% Pedestrians 22% Drivers and passengers of buses 11% Source: 2016, Royal Barbados Police Force Source: Royal Barbados Police Force 0 6 12 18 24 30 201620152014201320122011201020092008 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 80 km/h b Max rural speed limit 80 km/h b Max motorway speed limit 80 km/h b Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 4 yrs Child restraint required Up to 4 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Speed limit set per vehicle type with a maximum speed limit of 80 km/h for specified vehicles including private motor cars c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers or commission of a tra c oªence Trends in reported road tra c deaths Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 103 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency The Permanent Commission of the Ensuring Trac Safety under the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 20% (2016-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 01.01.2017 4 192 291 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 3 067 501 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 415 761 Heavy trucks 414 364 Buses 43 602 Other 251 063 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 588 a (69% M, 31% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 841 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 8.9 a Ministry of Internal Aªairs, State Automobile Inspection Department. Died within 30 days of crash Belarus Population: 9 480 042 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 5 600 Deaths by road user category Source: Information about the State of of Road Tra c Accidents in the Republic of Belarus in 2016 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.03 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.03 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 14% (Drivers) c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint d Child restraint required Up to 5 yrs e Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers c 2016, Ministry of Internal Aªairs, State Automobile Inspection Department d If rear-facing child restraints, airbag shall be deactivated e For children aged 5-12 years, either CRS or "other means" (than CRS) can be used to secure the child using the seat belt Drivers of all vehicles 29% Passengers of all vehicles 20% Cyclists 9% Pedestrians 41% Other 1% Source: 2016, Information about the State of of Road Tra c Accidents in the Republic of Belarus in 2016 Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 104 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by N at ion al In st itu te fo r R oa d Sa fe ty. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency No Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2010-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 7 330 718 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 6 440 811 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 471 766 Heavy trucks 143 554 Buses 15 970 Other 258 617 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 637 a (76% M, 24% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 657 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 5.8 a Statistics Belgium. Died within 30 days of crash Belgium Population: 11 358 379 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 41 860 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 44% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 13% Cyclists 11% Pedestrians 12% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 4% Other 1% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 14% Source: 2016, Statistics Belgium Source: Statistics Belgium 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h b Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited for 3 or 8 yrs c Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 99% Drivers d, 100% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 92% Front seats e, 86% Rear seats e National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint f Child restraint required Up to 18 yrs/135 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes g Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 89% h National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b The 90 km/h speed limit applies on rural areas in Brussels capital region and Wallon region while there is a 70 km/h speed limit in the Flemish region c Restrictions vary depending on the type of motorcycles: children under 3 years are not allowed on mopeds and motorcycles, children under 8 years are not allowed on motorcycles over 125cc d 2013, Belgian Road Safety Institute e 2015, Belgian Road Safety Institute f Provided that airbag is deactivated if child is in a rear-facing child restraint system g All child restraints sold in Belgium must comply with UNECE regulation h 2014, Roynard, M (2015) Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 105 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Committee Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 0 deaths (2016-2030) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2007 56 094 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 45 336 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2 389 Heavy trucks 4 757 Buses 3 612 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 101 a (84% M, 16% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 104 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 28.3 a Ministry of Health Annual RTA Mortality Report. Died within 30 days of crash Belize Population: 366 954 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 4 410 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 11% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 8% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 20% Pedestrians 25% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 1% Other 24% Cyclists 12% Source: 2016, Ministry of Health Annual RTA Mortality Report Source: Ministry of Health, Annual RTA Mortality Report based on validated data with JICC 0 6 12 18 24 30 201620152014201320122011 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit ~ 40 km/h Max rural speed limit ~ 88 km/h Max motorway speed limit ~ 88 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers or commission of a tra c oªence Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 106 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Centre for Road Safety (CNSR), Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 469 761 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 238 436 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 195 157 Heavy trucks 19 747 Buses 311 Other 16 110 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 637 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 2 986 (95% CI 2 458 - 3 514) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 27.5 a Republic of Benin, Statistical Yearbook of Accidents 2015. Died within 7 days of crash Benin Population: 10 872 298 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 820 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 8% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 9% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 57% Cyclists <1% Pedestrians 17% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 7% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 1% Source: 2015, National Centre for Road Safety (CNSR) Source: National Centre for Road Safety (CNSR) 0 2 4 6 8 10 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law No Max urban speed limit — Max rural speed limit — Max motorway speed limit — Local authorities can modify limits — Enforcement — Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 25% Drivers c, 1% Passengers c National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants — Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law No b Not based on BAC c 2016, National Police Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 107 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of In fo rm at ion an d Co m m un ica tio ns . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Road Safety and Transport Authority (RSTA), Ministry of Information and Communications (MoIC) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target <8 deaths per 10 000 vehicles annually (2013- 2018) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for Till 30th April 2017 86 981 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 56 232 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 9 786 Heavy trucks 12 891 Buses 681 Other 7 391 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 125 a (67% M, 17% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 139 (95% CI 121 - 157) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 17.4 a Ministry of Information and Communications (MoIC), Road Safety and Transport Authority (RSTA), Tra c Police and Ministry of Health. Died within 7 days of crash Bhutan Population: 797 765 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 510 Deaths by road user category Source: Road Safety and Transport Authority (RSTA), Tra c Police, and Ministry of Health (MoH) 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 30 km/h Max rural speed limit 50 km/h Max motorway speed limit 50 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 108 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Vice Ministry of Public Safety, Ministry of Government Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 10% (2014-2018) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 711 005 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 032 581 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 391 219 Heavy trucks 146 703 Buses 124 805 Other 15 697 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 259 a (82% M, 18% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 687 (95% CI 1 532 - 1 842) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 15.5 a National Observatory of Public Safety, Bolivian Police data. Died at scene of crash Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Population: 10 887 882 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 070 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 61% Pedestrians 2% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 12% Drivers and passengers of buses 5% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 20% Source: 2016, National Observatory of Public Safety, Bolivian Police data Source: National Observatory of Public Safety, Bolivian Police data and INE 0 4 8 12 16 20 201620152014201320122011201020092008 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 40 km/h b Max rural speed limit 80 km/h b Max motorway speed limit 80 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 6% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 52% Drivers e, 3% Passengers e National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 4% Front seats e, <1% Rear seats e National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes b Can be increased to an unspecified speed under certain circumstances c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers d 2016. National observatory of Public safety, Bolivian Police data e 2013, Observational urban field study on the use of seat belts, child restraint systems in private vehicles and the use of helmets on motorcycles and mopeds in the Plurinational State of Bolivia Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 109 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of Ci vil A ªa irs . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Agency for Trac Safety of the Republic of Srpska, Ministry of Communications and Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2013-2022) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 978 229 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 840 280 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 14 399 Heavy trucks 79 135 Buses 4 275 Other 40 140 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 318 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 552 (95% CI 500 - 603) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 15.7 a Combined sources, including Federal Ministry of Interior and Ministry of Interior of Republic of Srpska . Died within 30 days of crash Bosnia and Herzegovina Population: 3 516 816 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 4 880 Deaths by road user category Source: Multiple sources, including Federal Ministry of Internal Aªairs and Ministry of Interior of the Republic of Srpska 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h b Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.03 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 21% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 51% Front seats d, 11% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs e Child restraint required Up to 12 yrs f Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 40% g National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Can be increased up to an unspecified speed c 2016, Ministry of Interior of Republic of Srpska d 2016, Auto Moto Association of Republic of Srpska e By exception, a child under 2 years can be seated in the front if there is no airbag installed or if the airbag is deactivated when the child is seated in a rear-facing seat f Children aged 5-12 years can be either restrained in a booster seat or in a child restraint g 2016, Auto Moto Association of Republic of Srpska (Data only for Republic of Srpska) Source: 2016, Annual report for 2016 of Brcko district, B&H tra c police unit and Ministry of Interior of Republic of Srpska Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n DATA NOT AVA I LABLE 110 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of Tr an sp or t a nd Co m m un ica tio ns . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Committee (NRSC) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 1995-2016 653 274 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 438 224 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2 250 Heavy trucks 28 208 Buses 18 841 Other 165 751 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers — National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 450 a (72% M, 28% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 535 (95% CI 465 - 606) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 23.8 a Botswana Police Service. Died within a year of crash Botswana Population: 2 250 260 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 6 610 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 23% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 40% Cyclists 2% Pedestrians 25% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Drivers and passengers of buses 2% Other 7% Source: 2016, Botswana Police Service Source: Botswana Police Service 0 7 14 21 28 35 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 4% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 5 yrs Child restraint required Up to 5 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, Botswana Police Service Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 111 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Trac Department (DENATRAN), Ministry of Cities Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 93 867 016 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 61 938 226 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 25 311 251 Heavy trucks 5 586 558 Buses 984 847 Other 46 134 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 38 651 a (82% M, 18% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 41 007 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 19.7 a Mortality Information System (SIM), Ministry of Health. Unlimited time period following crash Brazil Population: 207 652 864 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 8 840 Deaths by road user category Occupants of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 23% Pedestrians 18% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 21% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 31% Cyclists 3% Source: 2015, Mortality Information System (SIM), Ministry of Health Source: Mortality Information System (SIM), Ministry of Health 0 5 10 15 20 25 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 80 km/h b Max rural speed limit 60 km/h c Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population 0.00 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 7 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 83% Drivers d, 80% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 79% Front seats d, 50% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required Up to 7.5 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 57% e National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes b Can be increased up to an unspecified speed c This limit applies to unpaved roadways while on undivided highway the maximum speed limit is 100 km/h for automobiles, light trucks and motorcycles d 2013, IBGE, Directorate of Research, Coordination of Work and Income, National Health Survey e 2012, Child Restraint Use, Safe Kids Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 112 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency State-public Consultative Commission on the Problems of Road Safety Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 4 031 748 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 3 637 961 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 174 487 Heavy trucks 196 372 Buses 22 928 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 708 a (78% M, 22% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 730 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 10.2 a Chief Directorate "National Police", Ministry of Interior; National Statistical Institute. Died within 30 days of crash Bulgaria Population: 7 131 494 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 7 470 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 40% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 24% Cyclists 5% Pedestrians 17% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 4% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 2% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 8% Source: 2016, Chief Directorate "National Police", Ministry of Interior; National Statistical Institute Source: Chief Directorate "National Police", Ministry of Interior and National Statistical Institute 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 140 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol <1% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 80% Drivers c, 30% Passengers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 80% All occupants d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint e Child restraint required Up to 150 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, Chief Directorate "National Police", Ministry of Interior, National Statistical Institute c 2010, Tra c police monitoring d 2010-2013, Surveys of knowledge and attitudes towards behavioral change and healthy lifestyle skills e Provided that airbag is deactivated if child is in a rear-facing child restraint system Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 113 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of Tr an sp or t, Ur ba n Mo bil ity an d Ro ad S af et y. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Oce for Road Safety (ONASER), Ministry of Transport, Urban Mobility and Road Safety (MTMUSR) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 25% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 2 106 292 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 237 979 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 789 181 Heavy trucks 28 231 Buses 10 952 Other 39 949 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 878 a (72% M, 28% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 5 686 (95% CI 4 499 - 6 872) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 30.5 a National Police and National Gendarmerie. Died within 24 hours of crash Burkina Faso Population: 18 646 432 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 640 Deaths by road user category DATA NOT AVA I LABLE Source: National Police, National Gendarmerie, and National Institute for Statistics and Demography (INSD) 0 2 4 6 8 201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 5 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 9% All riders b National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 7 yrs Child restraint required Up to 8 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2008, Contextual study on helmet use to develop a national strategy for helmet use in Burkina Faso Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 114 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of P ub lic H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Trac and Road Safety Police, Ministry of Public Security Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for Juin 2017 111 236 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 32 488 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 28 269 Heavy trucks 2 876 Buses 2 775 Other 44 828 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number None Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 112 a (77% M, 23% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 651 (95% CI 2 926 - 4 376) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 34.7 a Statistical Yearbook 2015. Died within 30 days of crash Burundi Population: 10 524 117 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 280 Deaths by road user category Source: Statistical Yearbooks and National Health Information System, 2010-2015 0 1 2 3 4 201520142013201220112010 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes c Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 13 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law No b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers c Legislation requires drivers and passengers "and particularly those sitting in the front" to use a seat belt Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 115 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of In te rn al A dm in ist ra tio n. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency General Directorate of Road Transport (DGTR), Ministry of Internal Administration Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 64 955 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 47 354 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 7 595 Heavy trucks 10 006 Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 41 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 135 (95% CI 118 - 152) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 25 a National Police O ce, National Police Report. Died within 30 days of crash Cabo Verde Population: 539 560 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 970 Deaths by road user category Source: National Police, General Directorate of Road Transport (DGTR), and National Statistics Institute (INE) 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 7 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No c Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint d Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law No b Legislation refers to testing of drivers in case of crash c The legislation refers to the use of either child restraint systems or seat-belts for children d Children under 12 yrs/150cm shall normally sit in the rear except if placed in a suitable child restraint Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 116 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Committee (NRSC) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 3 751 715 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 97 239 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2 714 193 Heavy trucks 57 321 Buses 5 972 Other 876 990 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 852 a (80% M, 20% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 2 803 (95% CI 2 381 - 3 226) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 17.8 a Road Crash and Victim Information System (RCVIS). Died within 30 days of crash Cambodia Population: 15 762 370 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 140 Deaths by road user category Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 73% Cyclists 2% Pedestrians 10% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 4% Other 5% Occupants of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 6% Source: 2016, Road Crash and Victim Information System (RCVIS) annual report Source: Road Crash and Victim Information System (RCVIS) 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 40 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 13% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 70% - 43% Drivers c, 30% - 13% Passengers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No d Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes e Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs f Child restraint required Up to 4 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, Road Crash and Victim Information System (RCVIS) c 2016, Cambodia Helmet Vaccine Initiative (Percentages are for day- and night-time observations, respectively) d Obligation to use seat belts for all passengers only applies outside cities and densely populated areas. Inside cities and densely populated areas, only the driver and front seat passengers are required to wear a seat belt e Enters into force in January 2020 f Ban on children under 10 years travelling in the front seat enters into force in January 2020 Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 117 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of P ub lic H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency No Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2007-2016 758 145 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 879 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 7 066 (95% CI 5 670 - 8 463) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 30.1 a Ministry of Transport, and Police. Unlimited time period following crash Cameroon Population: 23 439 188 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 200 Deaths by road user category Source: Ministry of Transport, Police, and Gendarmerie 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 5 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law No Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 118 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by Tr an sp or t C an ad a. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Canadian Council of Motor Transport Administrators, Council of Ministers Responsible for Transportation and Highway Safety Funded in national budget No a National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target Continual downward trend in fatalities over time (2016-2025) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes b Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 23 923 806 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 22 067 778 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 709 258 Heavy trucks 1 056 219 Buses 90 551 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers — National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 1 858 c (70% M, 30% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 2 118 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 5.8 a A self-sustaining organization through membership fees and data services b At many provincial and municipal levels of government c Canadian Motor Vehicle Tra c Collision Statistics. Died within 30 days of crash Canada Population: 36 289 824 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 43 660 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 46% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 18% Cyclists 3% Pedestrians 15% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 3% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 4% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 11% Source: 2015, Canadian Motor Vehicle Tra c Collision Statistics Source: Canadian Motor Vehicle Tra c Collision Statistics 0 2 4 6 8 10 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS * National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 50 - 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit 80 - 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population 0.04-0.08 g/dl d BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00-0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes e Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 30% f National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 98% Drivers g, 98% Passengers g National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 95% Front seats h, 89% Rear seats h National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required — i Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 91% j National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes * These data take into consideration subnational laws. A criteria is answered "Yes" if at least 80% of the subnational entities meet the criteria d National BAC limit is set at 0.08 g/dl. However, in practice all subnational entities have provided their own BAC limits that are reflected in the range above. e Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers f 2017, The Alcohol and Drug-Crash Problems in Canada: 2014 Report; The Tra c Injury Research Foundation of Canada g 2016, Police observation h 2010. Result of Transport Canada's Rural and Urban Survey of Seat Belt Use in Canada 2009-2010 i Child restraint laws are enacted at subnational level. While all provinces require the use of child restraints, they provide diªerent age / height criteria to specify the period for mandatory use of child restraints / booster seats j 2010. Canada National Survey on Child Restrain Use, Completed for Transport Canada, in partnership with AUTO21 Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 119 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of Tr an sp or t a nd Ci vil Av iat ion . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Committee of Road Safety, Ministry of Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2014 37 475 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number — Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers — National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 193 a (85% M, 15% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 546 (95% CI 1 209 - 1 884) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 33.6 a Gendarmerie and hospital records. Unlimited time period following crash Central African Republic Population: 4 594 621 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 370 Deaths by road user category SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 5 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No b Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted c Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law No b Rear-seated child passengers under 12 years are not subject to the obligation to use a seat belt c Legislation only recommends ("as far as possible") to place children under 12 years in the rear Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 DATA NOT AVA I LABLE 120 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of P ub lic H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Infrastructure, Transport and Civil Aviation Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target From 4.4% to 2% (by 2018) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 124 000 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number — Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 122 (96% M, 4% F) a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 990 (95% CI 3 110 - 4 870) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 27.6 a Police Report and Hospital Register. From Jan-Oct 2016. Died within 7 days of crash Chad Population: 14 452 543 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 720 Deaths by road user category Source: National police (2016 data from Jan-Oct 2016) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 201620152014201320122011201020092008 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 5 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law No Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 121 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of Tr an sp or ta tio n an d T el ec om un ica tio n. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Trac Safety Commission (CONASET) Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 4 960 945 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 4 366 131 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 175 019 Heavy trucks 298 347 Buses 121 448 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 675 a (78% M, 22% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 2 245 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 12.5 a Integrated Statistical System of the Chilean Police (SIEC2). Died within 24 hours of crash Chile Population: 17 909 754 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 13 530 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 23% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 19% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 9%Cyclists 6% Pedestrians 36% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 4% Drivers and passengers of buses 2% Other 1% Source: 2016, Integrated Statistical System of the Chilean Police (SIEC2) Source: Integrated Statistical System of the Chilean Police (SIEC2) 8 9 10 11 12 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h b Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.03 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.03 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 13% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 99% Drivers d, 98% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 59% Front seats d, 14% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs Child restraint required Up to 8 yrs/135 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 73% e National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Can be increased up to an unspecified limit under certain circumstances. c Integrated Statistical System of the Chilean Police (SIEC2), includes driver, passenger and pedestrian deaths caused by alcohol. d 2015, Observation study of use of child restraint systems, helmet, and distracting driving and motorcycles, CONASET e 2015, Observation study of use of child restraint systems, helmet, and distracting driving and motorcycles, CONASET Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 122 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by N at ion al H ea lth an d Fa m ily P la nn in g C om m iss ion . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Inter-ministerial Convention on Road Trac Safety Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 6% reduction in mortality rate per 10 000 vehicles (2016-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 294 694 457 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control No a Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 58 022 b (94% M, 6% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 256 180 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 18.2 a However top 12 car makers (more than 70% of sales volume) committed to ESC standard as from 2018 b National road tra c accident situation in 2015, Tra c Management Bureau of the Public Security Ministry. Died within 7 days of crash China Population: 1 411 415 375 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 8 260 Deaths by road user category Source: Chinese annual statistics report on road tra c accidents in 2015 0 2 4 6 8 10 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 70 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population < 0.02 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol <1% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 20% All riders e National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 37% Drivers e National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers d 2015, Chinese annual statistics report on road tra c accidents e 2010, Study on behavioral risk factors of road tra c injury in Chinese adults Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 123 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by th e N at ion al R oa d Sa fe ty A ge nc y. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Agency Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 26% (2011-2021) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2017 13 477 996 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 5 388 100 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 7 512 036 Heavy trucks 414 836 Buses 147 921 Other 15 103 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 7 158 a (81% M, 19% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 8 987 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 18.5 a National Observatory of Road Safety (ONSV/ANSV), Based on Information from the National Institute of Legal Medicine And Forensic Sciences (INMLCF). Died within a year of crash Colombia Population: 48 653 420 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 6 320 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 4% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 5% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 53% Cyclists 5% Pedestrians 26% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 3% Drivers and passengers of buses 2% Other 3% Source: 2016, National Observatory of Road Safety (ONSV/ANSV), Based on Information from the National Institute of Legal Medicine And Forensic Sciences (INMLCF) Source: National Observatory of Road Safety (ONSV/ANSV), Based on Information from the National Institute of Legal Medicine And Forensic Sciences (INMLCF) 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 80 km/h Max rural speed limit 120 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.02 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 96% Drivers b, 80% Passengers b National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 64% Front seats b, 2% Rear seats b National child restraint law No c Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints 7.11% d National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, Observational study of road behavior in Colombia, Iberoamerican Road Safety Observatory (OISEVI) c A child under 2 years travelling with a driver only shall be placed in a child restraint. If there is an adult passenger, the child can be held by the adult instead of being placed in a child restraint. d 2016, Use of seat belt and child restraint system in Colombia, OISEVI Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 124 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of In te rio r, I nf or m at ion , a nd D ec en tra liz at ion . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Multi-sectoral Committee on Road Safety Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 34 898 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number None Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 23 a (96% M, 4% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 211 (95% CI 177 - 245) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 26.5 a Annual statistics of the National Gendarmerie. Died within 30 days of crash Comoros Population: 795 601 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 760 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 13% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 52% Pedestrians 17% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 17% Source: 2016, Annual statistics of the National Gendarmerie Source: Annual statistics of the National Gendarmerie 0 5 10 15 20 25 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes b Max urban speed limit — Max rural speed limit — Max motorway speed limit — Local authorities can modify limits — Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law No Applies to drivers and passengers — Helmet fastening required — Helmet standard referred to and/or specified — Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement — Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants — Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes b Tra c code refers to regulations to set maximum speed limits, regulations not available c Not based on BAC Trends in reported road tra c deaths Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 125 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of Tr an sp or t, Civ il Av iat ion an d Me rc ha nt N av y. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency General Directorate of Land Transport (DGTT) Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 20% (2017-2018) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles — Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 308 a (56% M, 19% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 405 (95% CI 1 124 - 1 687) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 27.4 a General Directorate of Land Transport (DGTT) Activity Report. Died within 30 days of crash Congo Population: 5 125 821 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 710 Deaths by road user category Source: General Directorate of Land Transport (DGTT) Activity Report 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 5 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 27% All riders b National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 4% Front seats b, 4% Rear seats b National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law No b 2015, General Directorate of Land Transport (DGTT) Investigation Report Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 126 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Road Safety Steering Committee Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target Zero crash-related deaths (2016-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for July 2013-June 2014 12 453 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 5 085 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 6 846 Heavy trucks 491 Buses 31 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 5 a (40% M, 60% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 17.3 a Cook Islands health information bulletin 2015. Unlimited time period following crash Cook Islands Population: 17 379 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ — Deaths by road user category Source: Cook Islands health information bulletin 0 10 20 30 40 50 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 50 km/h Max motorway speed limit 50 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 39% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes c Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants — Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes b 2015, Cook Islands health information bulletin c Obligation to use a helmet only applies to those riding on a motorcycle travelling above 40 km/h (except for specific provisions in Rarotonga - persons between 16 and 25 and visitors required to wear helmet at all speeds) Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 20% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 80% Source: 2015, Cook Islands health information bulletin Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 127 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Road Safety Council (COSEVI), Ministry of Public Works and Transportation Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 20% (2015-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads — Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 1 991 398 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 362 737 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 5 778 Heavy trucks 44 764 Buses 28 846 Other 549 273 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 795 a (87% M, 13% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 812 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 16.7 a Judicial Power, Planning Directorate. Died within a year of crash Costa Rica Population: 4 857 274 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 10 840 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 15% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 9% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 40% Cyclists 10% Pedestrians 25% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks <1% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other <1% Source: 2015, Judicial Power, Planning Directorate Source: Judicial Power, Planning Directorate 0 4 8 12 16 20 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 60 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 31% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 5 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 98% Drivers c, 92% Passengers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 75% Front seats c, 36% Rear seats c National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs/145 cm Child restraint required Up to 12 yrs/145 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2015, Judicial Power, Judicial Morgue (extraction of physical files) c 2016, Seat belt and helmet study, Road Safety Council, Ministry of Public Works and Transportation (COSEVI) Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 128 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of Tr an sp or t. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Road Safety Oce (OSER), Ministry of Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 50 % (2016-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 905 537 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 624 820 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 162 996 Heavy trucks 90 554 Buses 27 166 Other 1 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 991 a (76% M, 12% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 5 582 (95% CI 4 635 - 6 529) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 23.6 a Road Safety O ce (OSER). Died within 30 days of crash Côte d’Ivoire Population: 23 695 920 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 520 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 4% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 7% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 35% Pedestrians 40% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 5% Drivers and passengers of buses 8% Cyclists <1% Source: 2016, Road Safety O ce (OSER) Source: Road Safety O ce (OSER) and National Institute of Statistics (INS) 0 1 2 3 4 5 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law No Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 129 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency No Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 996 056 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 551 819 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 150 478 Heavy trucks 159 542 Buses 5 514 Other 128 703 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 307 a (79% M, 21% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 340 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 8.1 a Ministry of Interior. Died within 30 days of crash Croatia Population: 4 213 265 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 12 110 Deaths by road user category Source: Ministry of Interior 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h b Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 24% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 95% Drivers d, 95% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 62% Front seats d, 14% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 150 cm Child restraint required Up to 135/150 cm e Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Can be increased up to 80 km/h c 2016, Ministry of Interior d 2015, Faculty of Transort and Tra c Sciences, University of Zagreb e A child of height 135-150 cm can be restrained with an adult seat belt only provided that this child sits in the rear of the car Source: 2016, Ministry of Interior Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 35% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 14% Cyclists 9% Pedestrians 22% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 16% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 2% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 3% Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 130 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of M in ist ry of P ub lic H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Commission (CNSV) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 5 deaths per 100 000 population (2010- 2025) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 633 369 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 236 006 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 217 223 Heavy trucks 65 542 Buses 19 842 Other 94 756 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 750 b (80% M, 20% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 975 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 8.5 a Data available only for 2013 b Tra c Accident Registry. Died within 30 days of crash Cuba Population: 11 475 982 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 6 570 a Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 5% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 5% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 16% Pedestrians 33% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 12% Drivers and passengers of buses 7% Other 13% Cyclists 10% Source: 2016, Tra c Accident Registry Source: Tra c Accident Registry 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.01 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 33% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 7 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 95% Drivers e, 90% Passengers e National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 35% Drivers e, 30% Front seats e National child restraint law No f Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes c Random breath testing not addressed in the law d Systematic studies carried out since 1985, Institute of Legal Medicine e 2016, National Transit O ce f Children under 2 years shall be either accompanied by adults or restrained with special accessories Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 131 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Road Safety Unit, Ministry of Transport, Communications and Works Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2012-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 650 805 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 487 692 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 39 282 Heavy trucks 121 119 Buses 2 712 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 46 a (78% M, 22% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 60 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 5.1 a Cyprus Police. Died within 30 days of crash Cyprus Population: 1 170 125 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 23 680 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 24% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 11% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 22%Cyclists 4% Pedestrians 30% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 7% Drivers and passengers of buses 2% Source: 2016, Cyprus Police Source: Cyprus Police and Cyprus Statistical Service 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 65 km/h Max rural speed limit No Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 17% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 75% Drivers c, 68% Passengers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint d Child restraint required Up to 135/150 cm e Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, Cyprus Police c 2010, Cyprus Police d Provided that airbag is deactivated if child is in a rear-facing child restraint system e A child of height 135-150 cm can be restrained with an adult seat belt only provided that this child sits in the rear of the car Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 132 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency The Council of the Government of the Czech Republic for Road Safety Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 60% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 7 325 789 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 5 115 316 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 046 467 Heavy trucks 646 792 Buses 19 950 Other 497 264 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 611 a (76% M, 24% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 630 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 5.9 a Ranking EU Progress on Road Safety. Died within 30 days of crash Czechia Population: 10 610 947 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 17 570 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 37% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 17% Cyclists 9% Pedestrians 21% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 6% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 10% Source: 2016, Directorate of Tra c Police Service, Tra c accident statistics Source: Directorate of Tra c Police Service, Tra c accident statistics 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h b Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.03 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.03 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 10% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 98% Front seats d, 72% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint e Child restraint required Up to 36 kg/150 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Can be increased up to 80 km/h c 2016, Directorate of Tra c Police Service, Tra c accident statistics d 2016, Center for Transport Research, Public Research Institute e Provided that airbag is deactivated if child is in a rear-facing child restraint system Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 133 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Program for Road Safety (CNPR), Ministry of Transport and Communication Channels Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure — Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles — Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 385 a (81% M, 19% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 26 529 (95% CI 21 142 - 31 915) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 33.7 a National Program for Road Safety (CNPR), Kinshasa city. Died at scene of crash Democratic Republic of the Congo Population: 78 736 152 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 420 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 1% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 35% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 12% Pedestrians 52% Other <1% Source: 2016, Road Tra c Police (PCR) Source: Road Tra c Police (PCR) 0 100 200 300 400 500 201620152014201320122011201020092008 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h b Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.10 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.10 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law No b Tra c signs may on certain public highways provide for a higher speed limit not exceeding 80 km/h c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers Trends in reported road tra c deaths Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 134 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by D an ish R oa d Di re ct or at e. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency No Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target ≤120 fatalities by 2020 (2013- 2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 3 131 673 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 2 786 472 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 198 035 Heavy trucks 41 436 Buses 13 383 Other 92 347 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers — National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 211 a (73% M, 27% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 227 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 4 a Road Directorate, Tra c accidents for the year 2016. Died within 30 days of crash Denmark Population: 5 711 870 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 56 730 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 45% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 3% Cyclists 15% Pedestrians 17% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 16% Drivers and passengers of buses 1% Other <1% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 1% Source: 2016, Danish Road Directorate statistics (based on police data) Source: Danish Road Directorate statistics (based on police data), National statistics (Statistics Denmark) 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes b Enforcement — Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement — % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 5 yrs / 135 cm Enforcement — Helmet wearing rate 98% Drivers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate 96% Front seats c, 91% Rear seats c National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint d Child restraint required Up to 135 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement — % children using child restraints 97% e National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Speed limits can be modified at local level by the road authorities and the police c 2016, Danish Road Safety Council d Provided that airbag is deactivated if a rear-facing restraint is used e 2012, The Danish Road Tra c Investigation Board, Christian Skov Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 135 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Transport Board, Ministry of Justice, Immigration and National Security Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure — Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 35 796 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 25 812 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2 747 Heavy trucks 4 834 Buses 2 403 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 10 a (70% M, 30% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 8 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 10.9 a Death Registry. Unlimited time period following crash Dominica Population: 73 543 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 6 750 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 10% Pedestrians 10% Drivers and passengers of buses 10% Other 10% Cyclists 60% Source: 2015, Vital registration,Verified Police Records and Health Facilities Record Source: Death Registry 0 4 8 12 16 20 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law No Max urban speed limit — Max rural speed limit — Max motorway speed limit — Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement — Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law No Applies to drivers and passengers — Helmet fastening required — Helmet standard referred to and/or specified — Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement — Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 136 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by IN TR AN T. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Presidential Commission for Road Safety and National Institute of Trac and Land Transport (INTRANT) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 30% (2017-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 3 854 038 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 203 176 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2 096 196 Heavy trucks 41 385 Buses 92 144 Other 421 137 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 3 118 a (88% M, 12% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 684 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 34.6 a Combined sources. Died within 30 days of crash Dominican Republic Population: 10 648 791 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 6 390 Deaths by road user category Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 5% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 67% Cyclists 1% Pedestrians 17% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 3% Drivers and passengers of buses 1% Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 6% Source: 2016, Metropolitan Transportation Authority (AMET) Source: Metropolitan Transportation Authority (AMET) 0 6 12 18 24 30 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 60 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 8 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 27% Drivers b, 2% Passengers b National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 18% Front seats b, 5% Rear seats b National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs Child restraint required Up to 6 yrs c Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2014, Metropolitan Transportation Authority (AMET) c Children aged 6-12 years shall be placed in a booster seat Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 137 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by N at ion al Tr an sit A ge nc y. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Trac Agency, Ministry of Transport and Public Works Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 40% (2015 - 2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 1 925 368 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 358 713 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 431 215 Heavy trucks 111 608 Buses 17 826 Other 6 006 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 2 894 a (81% M, 19% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 490 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 21.3 a National Institute of Statistics and Census. Died within 30 days of crash Ecuador Population: 16 385 068 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 5 820 Deaths by road user category Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 19% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 1% Other 52% Cyclists 2% Pedestrians 20% Drivers and passengers of heavy buses 1% Occupants of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 5% Source: 2015, National Institute of Statistics and Census Source: Statistical Registry of General Deaths and the National Tra c Agency 15 17 19 21 23 25 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 120 km/h Max motorway speed limit 135 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.03 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.03 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 7% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 7 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 90% Drivers c,12-52% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 26% Front seats e, 2% Rear seats e National child restraint law Yes f Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs Child restraint required — f Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 15% e National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers c 2015, National Tra c Agency d 52% wear helmet if it is only one more passenger, 12% when there is more than 2 passengers e 2016, National Tra c Agency f The legislation refers to seat belt or child restraints for children under 12 years but does not yet specify a minimum age/height/weight under which only child restraint systems can be used Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 138 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Council for Road Safety, Ministry of Interior Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 2-5 % (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 8 412 673 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 4 966 129 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2 967 829 Heavy trucks 380 980 Buses 97 735 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 8 211 a (82% M, 18% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 9 287 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 9.7 a Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS) and Ministry of Health. Died within 30 days of crash Egypt Population: 95 688 680 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 460 Deaths by road user category Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks <1% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 21% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 6%Cyclists 1% Pedestrians 27% Occupants of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 45% Source: 2016, Ministry of Health Source: Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS) & Ministry of Interior 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 7 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Not based on BAC Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 139 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Vice Ministry of Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 008 080 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 727 412 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 209 214 Heavy trucks 60 320 Buses 11 134 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 215 a (84% M, 16% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 411 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 22.2 a Civil National Police. Define as unlimited time period following crash El Salvador Population: 6 344 722 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 920 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 16% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 16% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 14% Pedestrians 49% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Cyclists 1% Drivers and passengers of buses 1% Source: 2016, Civil National Police Source: Civil National Police and Institute of Legal Medicine 0 6 12 18 24 30 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Not restricted b Child restraint required Up to 2 yrs/15 kg Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes b Except for children under 2 yrs or 15 kg who are required to be transported in a child restraint Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 140 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of th e I nt er ior an d Lo ca l C or po ra tio ns . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency General Directorate of Trac and Road Safety, Ministry of the Interior and Local Corporations Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads — Investments to upgrade high risk locations — Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles 143 000 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2011) 41 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 300 (95% CI 221 - 379) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 24.6 a General Directorate of Tra c and Road Safety. Died at scene of crash Equatorial Guinea Population: 1 221 490 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 6 550 Deaths by road user category SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash — Enforcement — % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 5 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law No Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 DATA NOT AVA I LABLE 141 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Land Transport Authority, Ministry of Transport and Communication Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 5% (2012-2016) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 72 405 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 42 468 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 4 035 Heavy trucks 21 137 Buses 4 765 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 130 b (81% M, 19% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 255 (95% CI 1 025 - 1 485) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 25.3 a Data available only for 2011 b Eritrean Police 2016 Annual report. Died within 30 days of crash Eritrea Population: 4 954 645 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 520 a Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 10% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 26% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2% Pedestrians 25% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 12% Drivers and passengers of buses 15% Cyclists 9% Source: 2016, Eritrean Police 2016 Annual Report Source: Eritrean Police 2016 Annual Report 0 40 80 120 160 200 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 95% Drivers d, 95% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 80% Drivers d, 80% Front seats d National child restraint law No e Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 9 yrs f Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers d 2016, Eritrean Police e Legislation refers to the use of child restraint or seat belts for "children over 9" while children under 3 years are required to be placed in a restraint only while seated in the front f Except for an infant under 3 years fitted in a proper restraint Trends in reported road tra c deaths Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 142 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by Es to ni an R oa d Ad m in ist ra tio n. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Governmental Committee of Trac Safety, Trac Safety Department Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 51% (2015-2025) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 865 040 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 703 151 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 48 834 Heavy trucks 108 217 Buses 4 838 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 71 a (70% M, 30% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 80 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 6.1 a Police and Border Guard Board’s analysis and data warehouse information system. Died within 30 days of crash Estonia Population: 1 312 442 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 17 750 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 28% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 24% Cyclists 7% Pedestrians 31% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1% Drivers and passengers of buses 1% Other 4% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 3% Source: 2016, Police and Border Guard Board’s analysis and data warehouse information system Source: Police and Border Guard Board’s analysis and data warehouse information system and Statistics Estonia 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h b Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit No c Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.02 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 10% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 98% Drivers e National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 97 Front seats f, 82% Rear seats f National child restraint law Yes g Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — g Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 98% f National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Can be increased up to 90 km/h on certain conditions c No motorways in the country d 2016, Police and Border Guard Board’s analysis and data warehouse information system e 2015, Motorcyclist’s travel, driving and safety habits f 2016, Tra c Behavior Monitoring 2016 g The legislation generally states that children not tall enough to wear a seat belt must be secured by a safety device corresponding to the height and weight of the child but does not specify age/height/weight group covered Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 143 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Road Safety Council, Ministry of Works and Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 99 830 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 203 a (71% M, 29% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 361 (95% CI 296 - 427) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 26.9 a Royal Swaziland Police Annual Report. Unlimited time period following crash Eswatini Population: 1 343 098 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 830 Deaths by road user category Passengers of all vehicles 30% Pedestrians 44% Drivers of all vehicles 24% Cyclists 2% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers <1% Source: 2016, Royal Swaziland Police Annual Report Source: Central Statistics O ce 0 5 10 15 20 25 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 100 km/h b Max rural speed limit 100 km/h b Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h b Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Speed limit for public roads is 100 km/h for a road with a surface of concrete, bitumen or tar and 80 km/h for other roads c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 144 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015/2016 708 416 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015/2016) 4 352 a (78% M, 22% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 27 326 (95% CI 21 494 - 33 159) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 26.7 a Federal Police Commission. Died within 30 days of crash Ethiopia Population: 102 403 200 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 660 Deaths by road user category Source: Ministry of Transport 0 1 2 3 4 5 201620152014201320122011201020092008 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 70 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 4% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate <1% All occupants d National child restraint law No e Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 13 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers c 2012/2013, Ethiopian Federal Police Commission d 2013/2014, Ethiopian Federal Police Commission e Legislation requires that children under 7 years be either accompanied by an adult or "hugged by an instrument made for safety purpose" Trends in reported road tra c deaths Other 63% Pedestrians 37% De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 145 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by th e L an d T ra ns po rt Au th or ity . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Land Transport Authority Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 110 763 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 60 a (75% M, 25% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 86 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 9.6 a Fiji Police Force, Road Tra c Accidents Annual Report 2016. Died within 30 days of crash Fiji Population: 898 760 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 4 840 Deaths by road user category Source: Land Transport Authority, "Factsheet 4: Ratios - Population & Vehicle Registration Ratios over 10 Year Period" 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit — b Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 5% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 8 yrs d Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 80% Drivers e, 80% Passengers e National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 75% Front seats f, 5% Rear seats f National child restraint law Yes g Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required Up to 8 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes b No motorways in the country c 2016, Fiji Police Force, Road Tra c Accidents Annual Report d Except if motorcycle is fitted with one additional seat designed to transport children e 2016, Observation by Land Transport Authority (LTA) and Police enforcement o cers f 2016, Fiji Police Annual Booking Report g The obligation to use a child restraint for children under 8 years sitting in the rear is subject to the availability of a restraint system in the car Drivers of all vehicles 28% Pedestrians 37% Passengers of all vehicles 35% Source: 2016, Fiji Police Force, Road Tra c Accidents Annual Report Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 146 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by Fi nn ish Tr an sp or t S af et y A ge nc y. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Transport and Communications Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target < 136 fatalities by 2020 (2010-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 5 217 850 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 3 781 441 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 592 960 Heavy trucks 146 624 Buses 17 536 Other 679 289 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 252 a (81% M, 19% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 260 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 4.7 a Statistics Finland. Died within 30 days of crash Finland Population: 5 503 132 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 44 730 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 51% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 14% Cyclists 10% Pedestrians 11% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Other 4% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 9% Source: 2016, Statistics Finland Source: Statistics Finland 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 24% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 98% All riders c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 95% Front seats d, 85% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint e Child restraint required Up to 135 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 97% d National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, Statistics Finland c 2011, Finnish Road Safety Council, Research survey on moped drivers among students d 2016, Finnish Road Safety Council e Provided that airbag is deactivated if child is in a rear-facing child restraint system Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 147 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of th e I nt er ior . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Inter-ministerial Delegation for Road Safety, Ministry of Interior Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2010-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 42 363 000 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 37 920 000 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 3 800 000 Heavy trucks 550 000 Buses 93 000 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers — National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 3 477 a (76% M, 24% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 585 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 5.5 a National Interdepartmental Observatory of Road Safety (ONISR). Died within 30 days of crash France Population: 64 720 688 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 38 950 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 40% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 14% Cyclists 5% Pedestrians 16% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 21% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 2% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Source: 2016, National Interdepartmental Observatory of Road Safety (ONISR) Source: National Interdepartmental Observatory of Road Safety (ONISR, fatality data) 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 29% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 98% All riders b National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 98% Front seats b, 88% Rear seats b National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs c Child restraint required Up to 10 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, National Interdepartmental Observatory of Road Safety (ONISR). c By exception, children under 10 years can sit in the front if placed in a rear-facing child restraint (if front airbag is deactivated) or if there are no available rear seats Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 148 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency General Directorate of Road Safety (DGSR), Ministry of Transport and Logistics Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Not funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure — Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads — Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles — Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 54 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 460 (95% CI 382 - 538) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 23.2 a National Police Force (data for Libreville). Died within 30 days of crash Gabon Population: 1 979 786 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 7 210 Deaths by road user category Source: General Directorate of Road Safety (DGSR) 0 60 120 180 240 300 201620152014201320122011201020092008 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 5 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law No Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 149 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of Tr an sp or t, W or ks an d In fra st ru ct ur e. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Directorate of Planning, Ministry of Transport, Works and Infrastructure Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2005-2016 84 963 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 33 734 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 28 118 Heavy trucks 3 940 Buses 6 947 Other 12 224 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number None Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 139 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 605 (95% CI 484 - 726) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 29.7 a Gambia Police Force. Time period following a crash not defined in legislation Gambia Population: 2 038 501 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 440 Deaths by road user category Source: : Gambia Police Force and Gambia Bureau of Statistics 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit No Max rural speed limit No Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 2% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required Up to 5 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Not based on BAC c 2013, The Gambia Police Accident Statistics Unit Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 150 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by N at ion al Ce nt er fo r D ise as e C on tro l a nd P ub lic H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Economy and Sustainable Development of Georgia Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 25% (2016-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 126 470 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 919 199 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 63 083 Heavy trucks 93 497 Buses 50 691 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 581 a (54% M, 20% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 599 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 15.3 a Ministry of Interior Aªairs. Unlimited time period following crash Georgia Population: 3 925 405 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 810 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 20% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 24% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers <1% Pedestrians 27% Other 27% Cyclists <1% Source: 2016, Patrol police of the Ministry of Interior Aªairs Source: Ministry of Interior Aªairs of Georgia 0 5 10 15 20 25 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.03 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.03 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 9% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 70% Drivers d, 60% Front seats d National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers c 2016, Ministry of Interior Aªairs (Patrol police) d 2006, World Bank Survey on Seat Belt in Tbilisi Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 151 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by Fe de ra l H igh wa y R es ea rc h In st itu te (B AS t). INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure (BMVI) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 40% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 56 622 000 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 45 071 000 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 6 248 000 Heavy trucks 4 942 000 Buses 78 000 Other 283 000 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 3 206 a (73% M, 27% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 327 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 4.1 a Federal Statistical O ce. Died within 30 days of crash Germany Population: 81 914 672 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 43 660 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 36% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 12% Cyclists 12% Pedestrians 15% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 19% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other <1% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 5% Source: 2016, Federal Statistical O ce Source: Federal Statistical O ce 0 2 4 6 8 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit No b Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement — Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement — % road trac deaths involving alcohol 7% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement — Helmet wearing rate 99% Drivers d, 100% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate 98% Front seats d, 99% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required Up to 12 yrs/150 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement — % children using child restraints 97-99% d National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b There is no maximum speed limit on motorways c 2016, Federal Statistical O ce d 2015, Federal Highway Research Institute (BASt) Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 152 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by N at ion al R oa d Sa fe ty Co m m iss ion . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Commission (NRSC), Ministry of Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 2 066 943 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 171 169 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 515 507 Heavy trucks 153 923 Buses 210 997 Other 15 347 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 1 802 a (79% M, 21% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 7 018 (95% CI 6 056 - 7 980) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 24.9 a National Road Safety Commission (NRSC), National Accident Statistics 2015. Died within 30 days of crash Ghana Population: 28 206 728 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 380 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 5% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 7% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 18% Pedestrians 46% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 6% Drivers and passengers of buses 13% Other 2% Cyclists 3% Source: 2015, National Road Safety Commission (NRSC), National Accident Statistics 2015 Source: National Road Safety Commission (NRSC), National Accident Statistics 2015 0 2 4 6 8 10 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 42% Drivers c, 17% Passengers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 18% Front seats c, 4% Rear seats c National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 5 yrs d Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers or commission of a tra c oªence c 2015, National seatbelt and crash helmet usage survey d Under the road tra c act, children aged 5 years and below shall not sit in the front, while under the road tra c regulations they can sit in the front if placed in a child restraint Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 153 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by D ep ar tm en t o f T ra ns po rta tio n Pl an ni ng an d En gin ee rin g. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Inter-Ministerial Road Safety Committee Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target < 640 fatalities (2010-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 9 489 299 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 5 160 056 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2 969 879 Heavy trucks 1 332 823 Buses 26 541 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 824 a (80% M, 20% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 026 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 9.2 a Hellenic Statistical Authority (ELSTAT). Died within 30 days of crash Greece Population: 11 183 716 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 18 960 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 29% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 11% Cyclists 2% Pedestrians 18% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 5% Other 2% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 32% Source: 2016, Hellenic Statistical Authority (ELSTAT) Source: Hellenic Statistical Authority (ELSTAT) 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 25% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 5 yrs c Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 75% Drivers d, 46% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 74% Front seats d, 23% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required 135-150 cm e Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 67% d National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2015, Hellenic Statistical Authority (ELSTAT), National Technical University of Athens c Unless placed in an appropriate child restraint d 2009, National Technical University of Athens e The use of seat belt is allowed for children of height 135-150 cm sitting in the rear Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 154 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Transport Board, Ministry of Works Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 27 266 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 10 a (100% M, 0% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 10 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 9.3 a Royal Grenada Police Force Tra c Department and death certificates from the Epidemiology and Information Unit of the Ministry of Health. Time period for deaths not defined Grenada Population: 107 317 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 8 830 Deaths by road user category DATA NOT AVA I LABLE Source: Royal Grenada Police Force Tra c Department and death certificates from the Epidemiology and Information Unit of the Ministry of Health 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 20162015201420132012 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit ~ 32 km/h Max rural speed limit ~ 64 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes b Not based on BAC Trends in reported road tra c deaths Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 155 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by th e T ra ns it De pa rtm en t. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Transit Department, Ministry of Government Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 5.5% deaths per 100 000 population (2017- 2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 3 250 194 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 706 275 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 227 879 Heavy trucks 154 473 Buses 113 448 Other 48 119 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 2 058 a (84% M, 16% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 2 758 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 16.6 a National Observatory of Tra c Safety (ONSET), Bulletin 37, 2016. Died at scene of crash Guatemala Population: 16 582 469 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 790 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 8% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 11% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 33% Cyclists <1% Pedestrians 39% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 4% Drivers and passengers of buses 3% Other 1% Source: 2016, Tra c accidents database, National Civil Police. Source: Tra c accidents database, National Civil Police. 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 36% Drivers c, 11% Passengers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Not based on BAC c 2016, Observational study of helmet and vest, National Observatory of Tra c Safety. Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 156 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Program to Combat Trauma and Violence Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 259 731 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 187 165 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 72 566 Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number None Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 458 a (72% M, 22% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 490 (95% CI 2 903 - 4 077) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 28.2 a Police and Gendarmerie. Died at scene of crash Guinea Population: 12 395 924 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 490 Deaths by road user category Source: Police and Gendarmerie, Statistical Directory on Transport of the Republic of Guinea, 2nd Edition 0 150 300 450 600 750 2016201520142013201220112010 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law No Max urban speed limit — Max rural speed limit — Max motorway speed limit — Local authorities can modify limits — Enforcement — Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required Up to 18 mths b Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law No b The legislation refers to homologated seats for children under 18 months and to cribs and hammocs for children under 10 years Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 157 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of P ub lic H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency No Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 62 239 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 122 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 565 (95% CI 465 - 664) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 31.1 a National Transit Group. Time period following a crash not defined Guinea-Bissau Population: 1 815 698 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 620 Deaths by road user category Source: National Transit Group 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 6 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs/135 cm Child restraint required Up to 12 yrs/135 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 158 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of P ub lic S ec ur ity . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Public Security Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 15 694 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 8 846 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 3 505 Heavy trucks 1 356 Buses 785 Other 1 202 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 128 a (77% M, 23% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 190 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 24.6 a Guyana Police Force. Died within a year of crash Guyana Population: 773 303 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 4 250 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 11% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 13% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 22% Cyclists 13% Pedestrians 30% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 6% Drivers and passengers of buses 5% Source: 2016, Guyana Police Force Source: Guyana Police Force 0 7 14 21 28 35 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes b Max urban speed limit ~ 64 km/h Max rural speed limit ~ 64 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 17% d National motorcycle helmet law No Applies to drivers and passengers — Helmet fastening required — Helmet standard referred to and/or specified — Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement — Helmet wearing rate 50% Drivers d, 20% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 95% Drivers d, 95% Front seats d National child restraint law Yes e Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — e Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Speed limits set per vehicle type and road type - for motor cars, speed limits are: 30 mph (48 km/h) on restricted roads, 60 mph (96 km/h) on Timehri/Linden Highway and 40 mph (64 km/h) elsewhere c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers d 2016, Guyana Police Force e The legislation refers to child restraint sytem for children but does not specify the age/height group covered by this obligation Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 159 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by S ta te S ec re ta ria t o f S ec ur ity . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Directorate of Roads and Transportation, Secretariat for Security Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 694 504 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 987 829 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 602 837 Heavy trucks 63 094 Buses 40 744 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 407 a (83% M, 17% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 525 (95% CI 1 388 - 1 661) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 16.7 a Combined sources: National Observatory of Road Safety, Police Statistical System, and National Observatory of Violence. Unlimited time period following crash Honduras Population: 9 112 867 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 150 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 19% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 24% Pedestrians 28% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 5% Drivers and passengers of buses 3% Other 18% Cyclists 4% Source: 2016, Summary of Accidents, National Observatory of Road Safety, Statistical Police System (ONASEVIH/ SEPOL) Source: National Observatory of Road Safety, Statistical Police System and National Observatory of Violence 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes b Max urban speed limit — Max rural speed limit — Max motorway speed limit — Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.07 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.07 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 7% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No e Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation refers to regulations to set maximum speed limits, regulations not available c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers d National Observatory of Road Safety, Statistical Police System (ONASEVIH/SEPOL) e Legislation refers to the protection of children under 5 years but does not specify which form this protection takes Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 160 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H um an Ca pa cit ies . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency No Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2017-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 4 022 798 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 3 313 206 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 162 148 Heavy trucks 528 962 Buses 18 482 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 607 a (76% M, 24% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 756 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 7.8 a Hungarian Central Statistical O ce: Data collection No. 1009. Died within 30 days of crash Hungary Population: 9 753 281 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 12 570 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 28% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 17% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 11% Cyclists 12% Pedestrians 25% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 4% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Other 2% Source: 2016, Hungarian Central Statistical O ce: Data collection No. 1009 Source: Hungarian Central Statistical O ce: Data collection No. 1009 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population 0.00 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 7% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 100% Budapest, 92% Country road e National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 83% Front seats f, 39% Rear seats f National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required 135-150 cm g Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 67% h National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Any presence of alcohol in the body is prohibited c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers d 2016, Hungarian Central Statistical O ce e 2017, Institute for Transport Sciences f 2015, Institute for Transport Sciences g Children of height 135-150 cm can be restrained with seat belt only if they sit in the back h 2015, Institute for Transport Sciences, Roadside survey Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 161 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by Ic el an dic Tr an sp or t A ut ho rit y. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency The Icelandic Transport Authority (Samgöngustofa) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 289 501 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 264 998 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 10 573 Heavy trucks 11 068 Buses 2 862 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 18 a (72% M, 28% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 22 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 6.6 a Road Tra c Accident Report 2016, The Icelandic Transport Authority. Died within 30 days of crash Iceland Population: 332 474 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 56 990 Source: The Icelandic Transport Authority, Road Tra c Accident Report 2016 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 14% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted c Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 93% Front seats d, 86% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint e Child restraint required Up to 135 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 93% f National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2007-2016, The IceTrA accident database c Children who are 7 years or younger shall be placed in an appropriate child seat while children older than 7 years shall be able to have their feet reaching the pedals d Survey on attitudes and behaviour in tra c 2016 e Seating of children under 150cm allowed in the front only if front airbag deactivated f 2015, Transport Authority Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 56% Pedestrians 11% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 5% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 11% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 17% Drivers and passengers of buses 1% Source: The Icelandic Transport Authority, Road Tra c Accident Report 2016 Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 162 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of R oa d T ra ns po rt an d Hi gh wa ys . Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 6% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 12% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 40% Cyclists 2% Pedestrians 10% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 11% Drivers and passengers of buses 7% Other 13% Source: Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, Road Accidents in India 2016 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Road Transport and Highways Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 210 023 289 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 38 523 053 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 154 297 746 Heavy trucks 4 461 059 Buses 1 970 786 Other 10 770 645 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection Yes a Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 150 785 b (85% M, 15% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 299 091 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 22.6 a Mandatory from October 2018 b Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, Road Accidents in India 2016. Died within 30 days of crash India Population: 1 324 171 392 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 680 Deaths by road user category Source: Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, Road Accidents in India 2016 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 100 km/h c Max rural speed limit 100 km/h c Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h c Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.03 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.03 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes d Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 4% e National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 30% Drivers f, <10% Passengers f National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 14-40% Drivers g, 4-11% Front seats g National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes c Speed limit set per vehicle type with a maximum speed limit of 100 km/h for passengers cars comprising not more than eight seats in addition to the driver’s seat d Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers e 2016, Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, Road Accidents in India 2016 f 2015, The validity of self-reported helmet use among motorcyclists in India, Wadhwaniya et al g 2000-2015, Various journal articles and reports Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 163 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of Tr an sp or ta tio n. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Planning Agency (Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional - BAPPENAS) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 128 398 594 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 31 282 a (76% M, 22% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 31 726 (95% CI 27 277 - 36 176) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 12.2 a IRSMS Korlantas Polri. Died within 30 days of crash Indonesia Population: 261 115 456 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 400 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 2% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 3% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 74% Cyclists 3% Pedestrians 16% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other <1% Source: 2016, Indonesia National Police Source: IRSMS Korlantas Polri 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 71% All riders c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 69% All occupants c National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use No Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Not based on BAC c 2013, Average helmet and safety belt compliance across 42 cities enrolled in Wahana Tata Nugraha annual tra c and transport award Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 164 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth an d Me dic al Ed uc at ion . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Road Safety Commission, Ministry of Road and Urban Development Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 10% annually (2011- 2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016-2017 b 30 377 065 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 17 588 666 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 11 576 219 Heavy trucks 1 079 127 Buses 133 053 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 15 932 c (78% M, 22% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 16 426 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 20.5 a Data available only for 2014 b Based on Iranian calendar from 21 March 2016 to 20 March 2017 c Legal Medicine Organization. Died within 30 days of crash Iran (Islamic Republic of) Population: 80 277 424 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 6 530 a Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 20% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 28% Cyclists <1% Pedestrians 22% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 24% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Drivers and passengers of buses 1% Other 1% Source: 21 March 2016 - 20 March 2017 (Iranian Calendar), Legal Medicine Organization and Tra c Police Source: Legal Medicine Organization and National Statistics Center 0 8 16 24 32 40 2016-20172015-20162014-20152013-20142012-20132011-20122010-20112009-20102008-20092007-2008 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 95 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes d BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes e Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 2% f National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 59% Drivers g, 20% Passengers g National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 93% Front seats g, 15% Rear seats g National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes d Not based on BAC. Alcohol consumption is legally prohibited e Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers f 21 March 2016 - 20 March 2017 (Iranian Calendar), Tra c Police g 21 March 2016 - 20 March 2017 (Iranian Calendar), Tra c Police Field Surveys Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 165 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Supreme Council for Road Safety, Ministry of Interior Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Not funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 5 775 777 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 5 483 711 a Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 159 736 Heavy trucks 97 553 Buses 34 777 Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 4 134 b (78% M, 22% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 7 686 (95% CI 6 548 - 8 824) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 20.7 a Including Kurdistan b Combined sources including hospital and forensic medicine data. Unlimited time period following crash Iraq Population: 37 202 572 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 5 430 Deaths by road user category Source: Ministry of Health 0 5 10 15 20 25 20142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers No Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited d Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes c Not based on BAC d The law prohibits children to sit in the front but does not specify the age, size or weight of children concerned Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 166 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by D ep ar tm en t f or Tr an sp or t, To ur ism an d Sp or t. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency The Road Safety Authority (RSA) Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 25 deaths per million population by 2020 (2012- 2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 2 573 961 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 985 130 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 36 974 Heavy trucks 330 541 Buses 31 236 Other 190 080 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 188 a (74% M, 26% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 194 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 4.1 a Road Safety Authority Collision Database, 2017. Died within 30 days of crash Ireland Population: 4 726 078 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 52 560 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 43% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 20% Cyclists 5% Pedestrians 19% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Other <1% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 12% Source: 2016, Road Safety Authority Collision Database, 2017 Source: Road Safety Authority Collision Database 2017 and CSO website 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 39% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 99% Drivers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 94% Front seats d, 74% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint e Child restraint required Up to 36 kg/150 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2008-2012, Fatal Collisions 2008-2012, Alcohol as a Factor, 2016 c 2016, 2016 Observational Report on High Visibility and Helmet Wearing rates (only motorcycle drivers) d 2016, Mobile Phone and Seatbelt Observational Study 2016 e Provided that airbag is deactivated if child is in a rear-facing child restraint system Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 167 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Israel National Road Safety Authority (RSA) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 3 239 305 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 2 726 835 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 130 442 Heavy trucks 92 817 Buses 20 212 Other 268 999 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes a Electronic stability control Yes a Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 335 b (76% M, 24% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 345 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 4.2 a Required for cars made under US regulations - for European cars, no requirements further than ESC b Central Bureau of Statistic, Jerusalem, Israel. Died within 30 days of crash Israel Population: 8 191 828 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 36 190 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 26% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 20% Cyclists 3% Pedestrians 29% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Drivers and passengers of buses 3% Other 5% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 12% Source: 2016, Central Bureau of Statistics, Jerusalem, Israel and Israeli Police data Source: Central Bureau of Statistics, Jerusalem, Israel 0 2 4 6 8 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.01 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 4% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 98% Drivers d, 98% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 89% Front seats e, 70% Rear seats e National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required Up to 8 yrs f Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 52% g National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes c 2016, Israeli police d 2011, Israel National Road Safety authority e 2016, Israel National Road Safety Authority f For children under 3 years, a child restraint is required (and a rear-facing child restraint for children under one year) while for children aged 3-8 years the legislation refers either to child restraint or booster seat use g Observational survey (Figure for children aged 0-15 years buckled in accordance with the law) Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 168 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Transport, Directorate General Road Safety Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2010-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 52 581 575 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 41 322 370 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 9 354 428 Heavy trucks 885 513 Buses 97 817 Other 921 447 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 3 428 a (80% M, 20% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 333 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 5.6 a Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT) and Automobile Club of Italy (ACI) Survey on road accidents resulting in death or injury. Died within 30 days of crash Italy Population: 59 429 936 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 31 590 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 32% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 11% Cyclists 7% Pedestrians 18% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 26% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 2% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 5% Source: 2015, Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT) and Automobile Club of Italy (ACI) Survey on road accidents resulting in death or injury Source: Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT) and Automobile Club of Italy (ACI) Survey on road accidents resulting in death or injury 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h b Max motorway speed limit 150 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 20-25% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 5 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 98% All riders d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 62% Front seats d, 15% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint e Child restraint required Up to 150 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 38% d National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 110 km/h for main suburban roads, 90 km/h for secondary suburban roads c 2010, DRUID project on prevalence of alcohol and other psychoactive substances in drivers killed and injured (Isalberti et al., 2011) d 2015, Italian National Institute of Health e Provided that airbag is deactivated Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 169 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Council (NRSC) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target < 300 deaths (By 2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 541 316 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 418 945 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 14 090 Heavy trucks 107 815 Buses — a Other 466 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 379 b (84% M, 16% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 391 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 13.6 a Buses are included under heavy trucks b Jamaica Constabulary Force (JCF). Died within 30 days of crash Jamaica Population: 2 881 355 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 4 660 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 14% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 19% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 29% Cyclists 8% Pedestrians 22% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 4% Drivers and passengers of buses 3% Source: 2016, Jamaica Constabulary Force Source: Jamaica Constabulary Force (death data) and Statistical Institute of Jamaica (population data). 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit ~ 48 km/h Max rural speed limit ~ 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 6% Drivers, 2% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 54% Front seats d, 4% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes e Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — e Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers or commission of a tra c oªence d 2008, Jamaica Health and Lifestyle Survey (refers to use always or most times) e The legislation refers to child restraint system for children but does not specify the age/height group covered by this obligation Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 170 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth , L ab ou r a nd W elf ar e. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Central Trac Safety Policy Council Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target <2 500 deaths (within 24hrs) per year (2016-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 81 602 046 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 4 682 a (68% M, 32% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 5 224 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 4.1 a National Police Agency. Died within 30 days of crash Japan Population: 127 748 512 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 38 000 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 24% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 8% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 17%Cyclists 15% Pedestrians 35% Other 1% Source: 2016, National Police Agency Source: National Police Agency 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 60 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.03 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.03 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 6% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 98/95% Front seats d, 72/36% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required Up to 6 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 64% e National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers c 2016, National Police Agency d 2016, Joint study by Japan Automobile Federation (JAF) and National Police Agency. Percentages are for expressways and other roads, respectively e Joint study by Japan Automobile Federation (JAF) and National Police Agency. Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 171 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by Jo rd an Tr a c I ns tit ut e. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency No Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 502 420 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 750 a (79% M, 21% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 2 306 (95% CI 1 926 - 2 686) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 24.4 a Public Security Directorate (Jordan Police), 2016 Tra c Accidents Report. Died within 30 days of crash Jordan Population: 9 455 802 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 920 Deaths by road user category Drivers of all vehicles 38% Pedestrians 29% Passengers of all vehicles 34% Source: Directorate of General Security, Annual Reports of Tra c Accidents in Jordan 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 90 km/h Max rural speed limit 120 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation refers to alcohol testing in the case of reckless driving or in the case of a crash Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 172 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Internal A®airs Ministry of the Republic of Kazakhstan Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target ≤ 12 fatalities per 100 000 population by 2020 (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 4 383 120 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 3 835 609 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 9 692 Heavy trucks 439 167 Buses 98 652 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 2 625 a (74% M, 26% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 158 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 17.6 a Combined sources, including Committee on Statistics of the Ministry of National Economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Died within 30 days of crash Kazakhstan Population: 17 987 736 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 8 710 Deaths by road user category Cyclist 2% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 4% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 2% Drivers of all vehicles 60% Pedestrians 31% Source: 2016, Committee on Statistics of the Ministry of National Economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan Source: Committee on Statistics of the Ministry of National Economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan 0 7 14 21 28 35 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h b Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit 140 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl c BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.05 g/dl c Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol <1% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required — e Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes e Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Can be increased up to 90 km/h c Diªerent ranges are provided to characterize the degree of intoxication with the 0.05 to <0.15g/dl range corresponding to light intoxication d 2016, Committee on Statistics of the Ministry of National Economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan e The legislation requires that children under 12 years be placed in a child restraint or "other means" used in conjunction with a seat belt Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 173 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Transport and Safety Authority, Ministry of Transport, Infrastructure, Housing and Urban Development Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 2 979 910 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 2 965 a (83% M, 17% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 13 463 (95% CI 11 486 - 15 440) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 27.8 a National Transport and Safety Authority, 2016 Road Safety Status Report. Died at scene of crash Kenya Population: 48 461 568 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 380 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 12% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 25% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 24% Cyclists 2% Pedestrians 37% Source: National Transport and Safety Authority, 2016 Road Safety Status Report Source: National Transport and Safety Authority, World Bank, and Kenya National Bureau of Statistics 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 35% Drivers c, 3% Passengers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers or commission of a tra c oªence c 2010, Helmet wearing in Kenya, Bachani et al Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 174 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth an d Me dic al S er vic es . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency No Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target Zero deaths by 2019 (2016 - 2019) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for June 2016 - August 2017 3 706 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 2 547 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 757 Heavy trucks 4 Buses 398 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 5 a (60% M, 40% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 5 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 4.4 a Health & Police. Died within 24 hours of crash Kiribati Population: 114 395 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 380 Deaths by road user category Source: Health & Police 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 40 km/h Max rural speed limit 60 km/h Max motorway speed limit 60 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl b BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl b Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes c Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement — Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No d Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Reduced BAC limits introduced by the Tra c Act 2017, at December 2017, the notice of commencment had not yet been signed c Helmet provisions introduced by the Tra c Act 2017, at December 2017, the notice of commencment had not yet been signed d The Tra c Act 2017 requires children aged 1-16 years to be either seated in the back with a seat belt or restrained by passenger over 16 years Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 40% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 20% Pedestrians 40% Source: 2016, Health & Police Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 175 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency General Directorate of Trac, Ministry of Interior Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads — Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 2 001 940 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 628 834 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 19 193 Heavy trucks 264 567 Buses 54 633 Other 34 713 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 424 b (88% M, 13% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 715 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 17.6 a Data available only for 2015 b Tra c department, Ministry of Interior. Died within 30 days of crash Kuwait Population: 4 052 584 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 41 680 a Deaths by road user category Source: Ministry of Interior 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 45 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 80 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes c Not based on BAC. Alcohol consumption legally prohibited Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 176 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Commission for Road Safety, under leadership of the Prime Minister Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target Decrease mortality by 156 (2007-2016) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 993 000 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 812 a (74% M, 26% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 916 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 15.4 a National Statistical Committee. Died within a year of crash Kyrgyzstan Population: 5 955 734 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 100 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles <1% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 27% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2% Pedestrians 40% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks <1% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 30% Cyclists <1% Source: 2016, National Statistical Committee Source: National Statistical Committee 0 5 10 15 20 25 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No c Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint d Child restraint required — e Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Not based on BAC c The obligation to use seat belt does not apply in residential areas nor for children under 12 years d Children under 12 years travelling in the front of a car must be placed in a child restraint e Legislation only refers to the use of child restraints for children under 12 years travelling in the front Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 177 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of P ub lic W or ks an d T ra ns po rt. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Committee (NRSC) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 850 020 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 370 043 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 422 869 Heavy trucks 52 443 Buses 4 665 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 086 a (86% M, 14% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 120 (95% CI 946 - 1 294) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 16.6 a Department of Tra c Police. Died within 30 days of crash Lao People’s Democratic Republic Population: 6 758 353 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 150 Deaths by road user category Source: Secretariat to National Road Safety Committee (NRSC) 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 40 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit — b Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes c Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required Yes c Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law No d b No motorways in the country c The law states that children unable to wear normal seat belts must be placed in a child restraint seat but no specific age / weight / height is specified d Legislation banning drug driving only applies to bus and truck drivers Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 178 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by C en tre fo r D ise as e P re ve nt ion an d Co nt ro l o f t he R ep ub lic of La tv ia. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency No Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Not funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2010-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for on 01.01.2017 803 628 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 665 284 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 49 581 Heavy trucks 84 067 Buses 4 696 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 158 a (78% M, 22% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 184 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 9.3 a Road tra c safety directorate. Died within 30 days of crash Latvia Population: 1 970 530 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 14 630 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 28% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 16% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 12% Cyclists 4% Pedestrians 35% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 3% Other <1% Source: 2016, Road tra c safety directorate Source: Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia 0 5 10 15 20 25 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 11% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 150 cm d Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 85% Front seats e, 53% Rear seats e National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint f Child restraint required Up to 150 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers c 2016, Road tra c safety directorate d Or until the child can hold the balance and reach feet support or is sitting on a seat corresponding to its age and weight e 2016, Health behaviour among Latvian adult population, 2016 f Except if no seat belt is fitted in the vehicle, in which case children under 150cm shall be travelling in the rear Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 179 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by N at ion al R oa d Sa fe ty Co un cil . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Council Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads — Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 866 407 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 696 444 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 124 348 Heavy trucks 19 037 Buses 15 703 Other 10 875 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 576 a (78% M, 22% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 090 (95% CI 837 - 1 396) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 18.1 a General Directorate of the Internal Security Forces. Unlimited time period following crash Lebanon Population: 6 006 668 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 7 680 Deaths by road user category Drivers of all vehicles 28% Passengers of all vehicles 15% Pedestrians 37% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 21% Source: General Directorate of the Internal Security Forces (death data) and World Bank (population data) 0 3 6 9 12 15 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 70 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 10 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required Up to 5 yrs b Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation refers to regulations to further specify the child restraint rules Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 180 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Department of Road Safety Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles — Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number None Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 318 a (63% M, 37% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 638 (95% CI 544 - 733) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 28.9 a Police records. Unlimited time period following crash Lesotho Population: 2 203 821 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 210 Deaths by road user category Source: Police records 0 5 10 15 20 25 2017201620142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 60% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 75% Drivers b, 3% Passengers b National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, Police records Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 181 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth an d So cia l W elf ar e. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency No Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2012 1 085 075 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 073 438 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 3 780 Heavy trucks 396 Buses 7 461 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers — National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 175 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 657 (95% CI 1 299 - 2 015) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 35.9 a Liberia National Police. Died at scene of crash Liberia Population: 4 613 823 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 370 Deaths by road user category SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit ~40 km/h Max rural speed limit ~56 km/h Max motorway speed limit ~72 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.15 g/dl b BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.15 g/dl b Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 13 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants — Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes b Over this limit there is a presumption of alcohol impairement (from 0.05 to 0.15 no presumption established but the alcohol concentration can be used to decide on the guilt or innocence of the driver) Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 DATA NOT AVA I LABLE 182 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Department of Trac and Licenses, Ministry of Interior Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Not funded Fatality reduction target 3-5 % (2008 -2010, renewable every 3 years) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 3 553 497 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 2 821 285 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 828 Heavy trucks 624 243 Buses 8 248 Other 97 893 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 2 414 b (86% M, 14% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 645 (95% CI 1 234 - 2 171) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 26.1 a Data available only for 2011 b Department of Tra c and Licenses, Statistical report for road tra c crashes 2016 Libya Population: 6 293 253 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 4 730 a Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 39% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 36% Cyclists 2% Pedestrians 21% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2% Source: 2016, Department of Tra c and Licenses, Statistical report for road tra c crashes 2016 Source: Department of Tra c and Licenses, Statistical report for road tra c crashes 2016 0 15 30 45 60 75 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 85 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 1% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers No Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use No Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes c Not based on BAC. Alcohol consumption legally prohibited d 2016, Department of Tra c and Licenses, Statistical report for road tra c crashes 2016 Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 183 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by C en tre fo r H ea lth Ed uc at ion an d Di se as es P re ve nt ion . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency State Trac Safety Commission, Ministry of Transport and Communications Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 35%, from 92 to 60 deaths per 1 million population (2011–2017) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 1 391 568 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 295 018 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 37 753 Heavy trucks 51 941 Buses 6 856 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 192 a (74% M, 26% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 234 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 8 a Police Department, Ministry of Interior. Died within 30 days of crash Lithuania Population: 2 908 249 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 14 770 Deaths by road user category Passengers of all vehicles 16% Cyclists 9% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 6% Pedestrians 38% Drivers of all vehicles 31% Other 1% Source: 2016, Lithuania Tra c Police Service report Source: Police records and Statistics Lithuania 0 5 10 15 20 25 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h b Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.04 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 10% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 97% Front seats d, 30% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint e Child restraint required Up to 135 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Can be increased or decreased to an unspecified speed under certain circumstances c 2016, Lithuanian Tra c Police Service, Ministry of Interior d 2016, Road and Transport Research Institute e If transported in rear-facing restraints, airbag must be deactivated Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 184 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in sit ry of H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Sustainable Development and Infrastructure, Department of Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 01.01.2017 466 472 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 422 073 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 29 253 Heavy trucks 13 242 Buses 1 904 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 32 a (66% M, 34% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 36 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 5.7 a National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies (STATEC), Police Grand-Ducale. Died within 30 days of crash Luxembourg Population: 575 747 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 76 660 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 41% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 22% Cyclists 3% Pedestrians 25% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 9% Source: 2016, National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies (STATEC), Police Grand-Ducale Source: National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies (STATEC), Police Grand-Ducale 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 14% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs c Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 90% Front seats d, 76% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint e Child restraint required Up to 17 yrs/150 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies (STATEC), Police Grand-Ducale c And until the child is tall enough to adequately use the foot pegs d 2015, TNS ILRES/MDDI e Provided that airbag is deactivated if child is in a rear-facing child restraint system Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 185 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of P ub lic H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Intersectoral Committee for Road Safety (CISR), Ministry of Transport and Meteorology Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 5% (2015-2017) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 236 979 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 136 508 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 42 835 Heavy trucks 24 912 Buses 32 724 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number None Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 340 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 7 108 (95% CI 5 895 - 8 321) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 28.6 a National Gendarmerie. Died within 24 hours of crash Madagascar Population: 24 894 552 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 400 Deaths by road user category Pedestrians 47% All occupants 53% Source: 2016, Insurance Companies Committee (CEAM) Source: National Gendarmerie 0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 20112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h b Max rural speed limit No Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 5 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Can be modified up to 80 km/h Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 186 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Directorate of Road Trac and Safety Services, Ministry of Transport and Public Works Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 20% (2015-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles — Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 122 a (82% M, 18% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 5 601 (95% CI 4 590 - 6 612) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 31 a Road Safety Database. Died within 30 days of crash Malawi Population: 18 091 576 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 320 Deaths by road user category Drivers of all vehicles 6% Other <1% Passengers of all vehicles 25% Pedestrians 50% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 3% Cyclists 16% Source: 2016, Annual Tra c Accidents Report Source: Road Safety Database 0 2 4 6 8 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 26% Drivers b, 21% Front seats b National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, 2016 Seat-belt wearing and mobile phone use baseline survey Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 187 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Road Safety Department, Ministry of Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2014-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 27 613 120 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 13 123 638 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 12 677 041 Heavy trucks 1 191 310 Buses 59 977 Other 561 154 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 7 152 a (87% M, 13% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 7 374 (95% CI 6 482 - 8 266) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 23.6 a Tra c Investigations and Enforcement Department, The Royal Malaysia Police (RMP). Died within 30 days of crash Malaysia Population: 31 187 264 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 9 850 Deaths by road user category Source: The Royal Malaysia Police 0 6 12 18 24 30 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yesb Max urban speed limit 90 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol <1% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 91% Drivers e, 87% Passengers e National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 74% Front seats f, 10% Rear seats f National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law No b Speed limit set per vehicle and road type with a maximum speed limit for passenger cars of 110 km/h on highways and 90 km/h on other roads c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers or commission of a tra c oªence d 2016, The Royal Malaysia Police e 2016, Malaysian Institute of Road Safety Research (MIROS) f 2015, Malaysian Institute of Road Safety Research (MIROS) Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 188 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in sit ry of H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Transport Authority, Ministry of Economic Development Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Not funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 92 983 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 14 314 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 75 053 Heavy trucks 3 438 Buses 178 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 4 a (50% M, 50% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 4 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 0.9 a Maldives Police Service. Unlimited time period following crash Maldives Population: 427 756 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 7 430 Deaths by road user category Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 75% Pedestrians 25% Source: 2016, Maldives Police Service Source: Maldives Police Service 0 1 2 3 4 5 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 30 km/h b Max rural speed limit 30 km/h b Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law No c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement — % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers No d Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No d Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law No b Speed limit set per vehicle type with a maximum speed limit of 30 km/h for specified vehicles, except in designated areas with higher speeds c Alcohol consumption legally prohibited d Only required on roads where vehicles may be driven at a speed higher than the normal limit Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 189 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of Tr an sp or t. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Agency for Road Safety (ANASER), Ministry of Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 344 345 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 197 660 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 54 952 Heavy trucks 22 073 Buses — Other 69 660 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 541 a (88% M, 12% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 4 159 (95% CI 3 404 - 4 914) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 23.1 a National Agency for Road Safety (ANASER). Died within 30 days of crash Mali Population: 17 994 836 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 750 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 16% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 12% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 42% Cyclists 2% Pedestrians 11% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 4% Drivers and passengers of buses 10% Other 3% Source: 2016, National Agency for Road Safety (ANASER) Source: National Agency for Road Safety (ANASER), DNT, Police, and Gendarmerie 0 2 4 6 8 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.03 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.03 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol <1% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted c Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 6% Drivers d, <1% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes e Applies to front and rear seat occupants No e Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 20% Drivers d National child restraint law No f Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, National Agency for Road Safety (ANASER) c Children under 5 years traveling on motorcycles must be placed in a seat with tether belts d 2015, Spirit Survey Report e Seat belts are only required outside cities f Children under 13 years can be restrained either by a child restraint system or a seat belt Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 190 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M iin ist ry fo r H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Transport Malta Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2014-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 358 947 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 22 a (77% M, 23% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 26 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 6.1 a Vital registration data (mortality registry). Died within a year of crash Malta Population: 429 362 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 24 140 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 9% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 9% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 41% Cyclists 5% Pedestrians 27% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 9% Source: 2016, Malta National Mortality Register, Directorate for Health Information and Research Source: National Statistics O ce 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required Up to 3 yrs c Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers c Legislation refers to child restraint use for children up to 12 yrs / 150cm but allows children aged 3 years and over, in the absence of an available restraint, to travel in the rear without a restraint. For children under 3 years, a child restraint shall be mandatorily used Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 191 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Directorate of Road Safety, General Directorate of Land Transport (DGTT) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 25% (2012-2016) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles — Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number — Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 184 a (60% M, 40% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 064 (95% CI 891 - 1 236) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 24.7 a Directorate of Road Safety (DGTT). Died within 30 days of crash Mauritania Population: 4 301 018 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 120 Deaths by road user category SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 80 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No c Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes b Not based on BAC c The use of seat belt for rear seat passengers is only required outside urban areas Source: Directorate of Road Safety (DGTT) 0 50 100 150 200 250 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 192 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of P ub lic In fra st ru ct ur e. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Trac Management and Road Safety Unit, Ministry of Public Infrastructure and Land Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2016-2025) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 507 676 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 282 855 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 199 399 Heavy trucks 14 645 Buses 3 107 Other 7 670 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 144 a (94% M, 6% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 173 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 13.7 a Statistics Mauritius, Economic and Social Indicators on Road Transport and Road Tra c Accident Statistics, March 2017. Died within 30 days of crash Mauritius Population: 1 262 132 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 9 760 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 9% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 8% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 46% Cyclists 7% Pedestrians 31% Source: 2016, Statistics Mauritius, Economic and Social Indicators on Road Transport and Road Tra c Accident Statistics, March 2017 Source: Statistics Mauritius, Economic and Social Indicators on Road Transport and Road Tra c Accident Statistics, March 2017 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 90 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 24% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes d Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 97% Front seats e, <1% Rear seats e National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers c 2016, Forensic Scientific Laboratory d Reference is made to regulations to specify the types, shape and construction of helmets e 2011, Tra c Management and Road Safety Unit Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 193 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by S ec re ta ria t o f H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Council for Accident Prevention through its Secretariat (STCONAPRA) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 40 205 671 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 27 171 560 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2 608 659 Heavy trucks 10 067 394 Buses 358 058 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 16 039 a (79% M, 21% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 16 725 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 13.1 a Mortality Statistics, National Institute of Statistics, Geography and Informatics (INEGI). Unlimited time period following crash Mexico Population: 127 540 424 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 9 040 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 18% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 10% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks <1% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 41% Cyclists 1% Pedestrians 29% Source: 2015, Mortality Statistics, National Institute of Statistics, Geography and Informatics (INEGI) Source: 2015, Mortality Statistics, National Institute of Statistics, Geography and Informatics (INEGI) and National Council of Population (latter for population data) 0 4 8 12 16 20 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS * National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 20 -70 km/h Max rural speed limit 20-90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 45-110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 20% c National motorcycle helmet law No Applies to drivers and passengers No Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 83% Drivers d, 55% Passengers d National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate 49% Front seats d, 6% Rear seats d National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints 14% e National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use No Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes * These data take into consideration subnational laws. A criteria is answered "Yes" if at least 80% of the subnational entities meet the criteria b Not based on BAC in 19 out of 32 states c 2010-2013, Estimating the Drink-Driving attributable fraction of road tra c deaths in Mexico (Santoyo- Castillo et al, manuscript under peer-review) d 2016, Use of helmet, cell phone and speeding when driving: prevalence and associated factors in four Mexican cities (Hidalgo-Solórzano & Gómez-García) e 2014, Estimated use of child restraint in 2 Mexican States, STCONAPRA Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 194 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by D ep ar tm en t o f H ea lth an d So cia l A ªa irs . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency No Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES a Total registered vehicles for 2016 5 673 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 5 436 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 25 Heavy trucks 55 Buses 62 Other 95 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) a 2 b (100% M, 0% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 2 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 1.9 a Data for Pohnpei only b Pohnpei State Department of Public Safety and FSM Department of Health & Social Aªairs. Died within 24 hours of crash Micronesia (Federated States of) Population: 104 937 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 680 Deaths by road user category Source: Department of Health and Social Aªairs (HIS) - 3rd Global Status Report for Road Safety 0 1 2 3 4 5 2013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS c National speed limit law Yes d Max urban speed limit ~ 40 km/h Max rural speed limit ~ 40 km/h Max motorway speed limit ~ 40 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes e BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 100% f National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants — Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes c Legislation analysis takes into consideration subnational laws from Kosrae, Pohnpei and Yap (no data was available for Chuuk). A criteria is answered Yes if at least 75% of the subnational entities meet this criteria d Speed limits may be increased by the Governor (Kosrae and Yap) or by the Director of the Department of Public Safety (Pohnpei) e In Yap, a BAC limit is provided in the law. In Kosrae and Pohnpei, the law is not based on a BAC limit. No data is available for Chuuk. f 2016, Pohnpei State Department of Public Safety Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 50% Pedestrians 50% Source: 2016, Pohnpei Department of Public Safety Trends in reported road tra c deaths Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 195 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Road and Transport Development, The National Committee Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2012-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 841 537 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 547 299 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 42 751 Heavy trucks 175 648 Buses 6 823 Other 69 016 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 484 a (75% M, 25% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 499 (95% CI 471 - 527) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 16.5 a Health icators 2016, Center for Health Development. Died within 30 days of crash Mongolia Population: 3 027 398 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 550 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 17% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 22% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 19% Cyclists 1% Pedestrians 29% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Drivers and passengers of buses 1% Other 9% Source: 2016, General Police Department, "Statistics on road tra c injury and violation" Source: Center for Health Development, Health Indicators 2016 0 5 10 15 20 25 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.04 g/dl b BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.04 g/dl b Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 25% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted e Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Law based on breath alcohol concentration, values converted to BAC c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers or commission of a tra c oªence d 2016, General Police Department, "Statistics on road tra c injury and violation" e Children under 12 years can be transported on a motorcycle provided that there is a special support installed in the rear seat Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 196 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Coordination Body for monitoring the implementation of Strategy for the improvement of Road Safety Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2010-2019) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 211 219 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 184 623 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 4 362 Heavy trucks 13 445 Buses 1 308 Other 7 481 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 65 a (80% M, 20% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 67 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 10.7 a Statistical o ce of Montenegro (MONSTAT). Died within 30 days of crash Montenegro Population: 628 615 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 6 970 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 42% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 23% Cyclists 2% Pedestrians 14% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 15% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 3% Other 2% Source: 2016, Police Directorate Source: Statistical o ce of Montenegro (MONSTAT) 0 5 10 15 20 25 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.03 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes b Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 70% Drivers c, 30% Passengers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 40% Front seats c, 5% Rear seats c National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs d Child restraint required Up to 5 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes b As prescribed by the responsible state administration c 2016, Police Directorate d By exception, a child under 3 years can be transported in the front of the vehicle if placed in a rear-facing restraint provided that the airbag is deactivated Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 197 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of Eq uip m en t, Tra ns po rt an d Lo gis tic s. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Directorate of Road Transport and Road Safety, Ministry of Equipment, Transport, Logistics and Water Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 20% / 50% (2017-2020 / 2017- 2026) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 3 791 469 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 3 413 980 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 55 517 Heavy trucks 196 066 Buses 13 329 Other 112 557 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 3 785 a (83% M, 16% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 6 917 (95% CI 6 109 - 7 726) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 19.6 a Directorate of Roads. Died within 30 days of crash Morocco Population: 35 276 784 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 850 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 13% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 18% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 29%Cyclists 6% Pedestrians 26% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 2% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 5% Source: 2016, Directorate of Roads Source: Directorate of Roads (death data) and High-Commission for Planning (population data) 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population < 0.02 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 4% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 64% Drivers d, 31% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No e Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 63% Front seats d, 22% Rear seats d National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Alcohol consumption legally prohibited. c 2014, Directorate of Roads d 2016, National Committee for Road Accidents Prevention, Study on the measurement of behavioural indicators of road users e For rear seat passengers, seat belt required only outside cities Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 198 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of Tr an sp or t a nd Co m m un ica tio ns . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Land Transport Institute (INATTER), Ministry of Transport and Communications Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 698 864 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 379 a (76% M, 24% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 8 665 (95% CI 7 081 - 10 250) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 30.1 a Tra c police department. Died within 30 days of crash Mozambique Population: 28 829 476 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 480 Deaths by road user category Source: National Land Transport Institute (INATTER) 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 120 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.06 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.06 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 7 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs b Child restraint required Up to 12 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Except for infant under 3 years in a rear-facing child restraint with airbag deactivated Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 199 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Council (NRSC), Ministry of Transport and Communications Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Not funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for Till April 30,2017 6 381 136 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 516 707 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 5 391 505 Heavy trucks 59 680 Buses 28 383 Other 384 861 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 4 887 b (82% M, 18% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 10 540 (95% CI 8 860 - 12 219) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 19.9 a Data available only for 2015 b Tra c Police. Died within 30 days of crash Myanmar Population: 52 885 224 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 190 a Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 3% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 7% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 65% Cyclists 3% Pedestrians 14% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 3% Drivers and passengers of buses 1% Other 3% Source: 2016, National Injury Surveillance System (NISS) Source: Health Ministry Information System (HMIS) 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 48 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 21% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited e Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 32% Drivers d, 27% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 7% Drivers d National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes c Not based on BAC d 2016, National Injury Surveillance System (NISS) e Until footrests can be reached Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 200 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by N at ion al R oa d Sa fe ty Co un cil . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Council (NRSC), Ministry of Works and Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 6 March 2017 371 281 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 315 443 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 5 431 Heavy trucks 21 439 Buses 9 247 Other 19 721 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 731 a (72% M, 27% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 754 (95% CI 633 - 875) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 30.4 a Combined sources, including MVA Fund crash and claim data. Died within 30 days of crash Namibia Population: 2 479 713 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 4 620 Deaths by road user category Source: MVA Fund crash and claim data (fatalities) and National Census Report (population and projections) 0 7 14 21 28 35 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 120 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.079 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.079 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 4% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No c Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2011-2013, NRSC Alcohol Study Report 2016 c The law requires the use of child restraints for children (defined as people aged between 3-14 years) if available or the use of a seat belt if a child restraint is not available and an unoccupied seat fitted with a seat-belt is available Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 201 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Physical Infrastructure and Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2014/2015 2 339 169 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 187 014 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 547 312 Heavy trucks 56 250 Buses 52 388 Other 496 205 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 2 006 a (80% M, 20% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 4 622 (95% CI 3 928 - 5 317) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 15.9 a Nepal Police. Died within 30 days of crash Nepal Population: 28 982 772 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 730 Deaths by road user category Source: Nepal Police 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 2015-20162014-20152013-20142012-20132011-20122010-20112009-20102008-20092007-20082006-2007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 40 km/h b Max rural speed limit 80 km/h b Max motorway speed limit 80 km/h b Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes b Speed limit set per vehicle type with a maximum speed limit of 80 km/h for specified vehicles including cars, and a maximum limit of 40 km/h in an area with dense settlement c Not based on BAC Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 202 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of In fra st ru ct ur e a nd th e E nv iro nm en t. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment, Directorate-general for Mobility and Transport (DGB) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target ≤140 fatalities (2010-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 10 757 655 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 8 794 037 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 652 336 Heavy trucks 133 889 Buses 9 597 Other 1 167 796 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 621 a (74% M, 26% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 648 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 3.8 a Dutch Statistics, Vital Statistics. Died within 30 days of crash Netherlands Population: 16 987 330 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 46 310 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 30% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 8% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 21% Cyclists 30% Pedestrians 9% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 1% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other <1% Source: 2015, Dutch Statistics Source: Dutch Statistics 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 11-24% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 100% Drivers c, 84% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 97% Front seats e, 82% Rear seats e National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint f Child restraint required Up to 18 yrs/135 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2013-2015, SWOV factsheet DUI c 2012, PROV final report d 2008, BVOM, ‘Monitoring Bromfietshelmen 2008’ e 2010, BIA report f Provided that the airbag is deactivated if child is in a rear-facing child restraint Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 203 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of Tr an sp or t. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Land Transport Safety Team, Ministry of Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target Multiple (2010-2020) a SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 3 656 300 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes b Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 327 c (69% M, 30% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 364 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 7.8 a Targets vary for specific groups. See New Zealand Road Safety Strategy 2010 - 2020 b For new models as from 2018 c 2016, Motor Vehicle Crashes in New Zealand. Died within 30 days of crash New Zealand Population: 4 660 833 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 39 070 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 46% Cyclists 2% Pedestrians 8% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 16% Drivers and passengers of buses 1% Other 2% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 3% Passengers of 4-wheeled car and light vehicles 22% Source: 2016, Motor Vehicle Crashes in New Zealand Source: Motor Vehicle Crashes in New Zealand 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 27% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 97% Front seats e, 92% Rear seats f National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required Up to 7 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 93% g and 95% h National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes d 2016, Motor Vehicle Crashes in New Zealand (Percentages are for 0-4 years and 5-9 years, respectively) e 2016, National Survey of Seatbelts in New Zealand f 2014, National Survey of Seatbelts in New Zealand. g 2016, Ministry of Transport, Child restraint use by children under 5 years h 2016, Ministry of Transport, Child restraint use by children aged 5-9 years Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 204 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of Tr an sp or t. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Directorate of Trac and Road Safety (DC/SR), Ministry of Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 436 420 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 231 740 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks 11 389 Buses 10 676 Other 182 615 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 978 a (39% M, 61% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 5 414 (95% CI 4 273 - 6 554) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 26.2 a Ministry of Transport, 2012-2016 Statistics Yearbook. Died at scene of crash Niger Population: 20 672 988 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 370 Deaths by road user category Source: Directorate of Tra c and Road Safety (DC/SR) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit No Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants — Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes b Not based on BAC Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 205 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by Fe de ra l R oa d Sa fe ty Co rp s ( FR SC ). INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Federal Road Safety Corps Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 25% Annually (2014- 2018) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 11 733 425 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 6 732 639 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 302 410 Heavy trucks a 1 325 877 Buses 2 372 499 Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 5 053 b (79% M, 21% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 39 802 (95% CI 32 076 - 47 529) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 21.4 a All trucks included b Federal Road Safety Corps. Died within 30 days of crash Nigeria Population: 185 989 632 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 450 Deaths by road user category Source: Federal Road Safety Corps 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 c BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.002 d Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol <1% e National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 7 yrs Child restraint required Up to 7 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes c The legislation, as amended in 2016, refers to an alcohol legal limit of "0.05" for the general population but does not specify the unit to consider d The legislation, as amended in 2016, refers to an alcohol legal limit of "0.002" for young or novice drivers but does not specify the unit to consider e 2016, Federal Road Safety Corps Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 206 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by N or we gia n Pu bl ic Ro ad A dm in ist ra tio n. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency The Norwegian Public Road Administration Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target Deaths and serious injuries ≤500 (2014-2023) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 3 969 612 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 3 147 101 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 305 265 Heavy trucks 74 622 Buses 16 258 Other 426 366 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 135 a (82% M, 18% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 143 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 2.7 a Statistics Norway. Died within 30 days of crash Norway Population: 5 254 694 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 82 330 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 39% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 11% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 17% Cyclists 9% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 4% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 8% Pedestrians 12% Source: 2016, Norwegian Public Roads database (STRAKS) Source: Statistics Norway 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.02 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 13% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 99% Drivers c, 99% Passengers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 96-98% Drivers d, 95-96% Front seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint e Child restraint required 135-150 cm f Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2015, Road safety, environmental and technology department, 2015 state of road safety report c 2010, Statistics Norway d 2016, The Norwegian Public Road Administration (Percentages reflect "urban" and "outside urban" areas, respectively) e Provided that the airbag is deactivated if child is in a rear-facing child restraint f Child restraints are required for children under 150 cm. By exception, children of height 135-150 cm can be restrained with a seat belt only if sitting in the rear Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 207 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Committee for Road Safety Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 25% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 370 913 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 162 446 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 7 337 Heavy trucks 159 778 Buses 41 352 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 692 b (86% M, 14% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 713 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 16.1 a Data available only for 2015 b Royal Oman Police. Died within 30 days of crash Oman Population: 4 424 762 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 18 080 a Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 36% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 29% Cyclists <1% Pedestrians 23% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 3% Drivers and passengers of buses 5% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 4% Source: 2016, Royal Oman Police Source: Royal Oman Police and The National Centre for Information and Statistics 0 8 16 24 32 40 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit — Max rural speed limit — Max motorway speed limit — Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol <1% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 98% Drivers e, 92% Passengers e National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 98% Drivers e National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required Up to 4 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes c Not based on BAC d 2016, Royal Oman Police, Facts and figures e 2016, Royal Oman Police Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 208 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of N at ion al H ea lth S er vic es , R eg ul at ion s a nd Co or din at ion . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Communication Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 18 352 500 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 2 835 400 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 13 538 200 Heavy trucks 259 900 Buses 229 200 Other 1 489 800 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 4 448 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 27 582 (95% CI 23 243 - 31 920) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 14.3 a Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (Police records of provinces). Died at scene of crash Pakistan Population: 193 203 472 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 510 Deaths by road user category Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (police records of provinces) 0 1 2 3 4 2015-20162014-20152013-20142012-20132011-20122010-20112009-20102008-20092007-20082006-2007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 90 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 10% All riders c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Not based on BAC. Alcohol consumption legally prohibited c 2013, Road Tra c Injury Research & Prevention Centre, Karachi Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 209 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Trac and Ground Transport Authority (ATTT) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 15% of mortality rate per 100 000 population (2011- 2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 288 573 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 968 516 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 62 948 Heavy trucks 107 713 Buses 44 193 Other 105 203 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 440 a (85% M, 15% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 575 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 14.3 a Tra c Operations Directorate, National Police. Died within 30 days of crash Panama Population: 4 034 119 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 12 140 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 17% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 15% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 4%Pedestrians 40% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 4% Drivers and passengers of buses 2% Other 11% Cyclists 6% Source: 2015, Comptroller General of the Republic of Panama Source: Tra c Operations Directorate, National Police 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 80 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No b Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 5 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes b Children under 2 years shall be placed in a child restraint only where there is no other passenger seated in the rear Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 210 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by R oa d T ra c A ut ho rit y. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Road Trac Authority (RTA), Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 100 993 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 66 017 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 289 Heavy trucks 22 072 Buses 11 615 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 158 b (79% M, 21% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 145 (95% CI 991 - 1 298) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 14.2 a Data available only for 2014 b Tra c Police. Died within 30 days of crash Papua New Guinea Population: 8 084 991 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 160 a Deaths by road user category Source: National Road Safety Council 0 1 2 3 4 5 20132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 75 km/h Max motorway speed limit — Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement — Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement — % road trac deaths involving alcohol 56% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement — Helmet wearing rate 7.9% All riders National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted e Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes c Law not based on BAC d 2013, Royal Papua New Guinea Constabulary Police records e Children can sit in the front as long as they are using a seat belt Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 5% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 47% Pedestrians 47% Source: 2016, Tra c Police Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 211 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by N at ion al Tr an sit an d Ro ad S af et y A ge nc y. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Transit and Road Safety Agency Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 20% (2013-2018) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 871 947 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 567 388 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 624 202 Heavy trucks 75 247 Buses 18 456 Other 586 654 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 202 a (83% M, 17% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 529 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 22.7 a General Directorate of Strategic Health Information (DIGIES). Died within 30 days of crash Paraguay Population: 6 725 308 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 4 070 Deaths by road user category Drivers and passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 16% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 52% Cyclists <1% Pedestrians 23% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 1% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 8% Source: 2016, General Directorate of Strategic Health Information (DIGIES) Source: General Directorate of Strategic Health Information (DIGIES) 0 5 10 15 20 25 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population 0.00 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required Up to 5 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 212 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Council Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target From 10 to 6 deaths per 100 000 population (2016-2021) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads — Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 5 604 789 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 2 262 416 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2 943 070 Heavy trucks 319 184 Buses 80 119 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 2 696 a (77% M, 23% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 4 286 (95% CI 3 898 - 4 674) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 13.5 a Peruvian National Police. Died at scene of crash Peru Population: 31 773 840 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 5 950 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 2% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles <1% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers <1% Other 88% Cyclists <1% Pedestrians 8% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks <1% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Source: 2013, Ministry of Health, Vital System Source: Peruvian National Police 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 60 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 9% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 70% Drivers c, 8% Passengers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 16% Front seats d, <1% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs Child restraint required Up to 3 yrs e Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints <1 d National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, Peruvian National Police c 2014, Technical Secretariat of Road Safety d 2014, Observational urban study on the use of seat belt and child restraint system e Legislation requires the use of the seat belt for children from 3-12 years old Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 213 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by D ep ar tm en t o f H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Department of Transportation (DOTr) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 9 251 565 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 3 434 329 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 5 329 770 Heavy trucks 407 357 Buses 29 794 Other 50 315 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 10 012 a (81% M, 19% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 12 690 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 12.3 a Philippine Statistical Authority, Civil Registration and Vital Statistics. Unlimited time period following crash Philippines Population: 103 320 224 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 580 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles <1% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles <1% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 5% Other 94% Cyclists <1% Pedestrians 1% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks <1% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Source: 2015, Philippine Statistical Authority, Civil Registration and Vital Statistics Source: Philippine Statistical Authority, Civil Registration and Vital Statistics 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 40 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted c Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 87% Drivers d, 51% All riders d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 80% Drivers e National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 6 yrs d Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers c Child passengers on motorcycles are restricted in specific circumstances only (heavy volume of vehicles, high density of fast moving vehicles, speed limit over 60 km/h) d 2010, “Prevalence of Road Tra c Injury Risk Factors in the Province of Guimaras” e Ban on front seating set for children aged 6 years and below b Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 214 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Council Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2013-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 27 409 106 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 20 723 423 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2 531 520 Heavy trucks 3 098 376 Buses 109 844 Other 945 943 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 3 026 a (75% M, 25% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 698 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 9.7 a SEWiK Police Database (Tra c accidents and collisions reporting system). Died within 30 days of crash Poland Population: 38 224 408 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 12 680 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 29% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 18% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 11% Cyclists 9% Pedestrians 29% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 3% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 1% Source: 2016, SEWiK Police Database (Tra c accidents and collisions reporting system) Source: SEWiK Police Database (Tra c accidents and collisions reporting system) 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h b Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 140 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.02 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 13% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted d Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 99% Drivers e, 100% Passengers e National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 96% Front seats f, 76% Rear seats f National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint g Child restraint required 135-150 cm h Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 93% i National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 60 km/h from 23:00 - 05:00 c 2016, SEWiK Police Database (Tra c accidents and collisions reporting system) d Speed limit for motorcycles transporting a child under 7 years is limited to 40 km/h e 2015, Ministry of Infrastructure and Development, Using of motorcycle helmet in Poland 2015 f 2015, Ministry of Infrastructure and Development, Using of seat belts in Poland 2015 g Provided that airbag is deactivated if child is in a rear-facing restraint h Child restraints are required for children under 150 cm. By exception, children of height 135-150 cm can be restrained with a seat belt only if sitting in the rear i 2015, Ministry of Infrastructure and Development, Using of child restraints device in Poland 2015a Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 215 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Authority for Road Safety, Ministry of Internal Administration Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 41 deaths per million people (2016-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 6 590 094 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 5 970 710 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 506 400 Heavy trucks 98 267 Buses 14 717 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 563 a (77% M, 23% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 768 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 7.4 a National Authority for Road Safety. Died within 30 days of crash Portugal Population: 10 371 627 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 19 850 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 33% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 15% Cyclists 6% Pedestrians 22% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 1% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 18% Other 5% Source: 2016, National Authority for Road Safety, Ministry of Internal Administration Source: National Authority for Road Safety, Ministry of Internal Administration and National Institute of Statistics 0 2 4 6 8 10 201520142013201220112010 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 29% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 7 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 98% Drivers c, 97% Passengers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 96% Front seats c, 77% Rear seats c National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs/135 cm d Child restraint required Up to 12 yrs/135 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 91-100% c National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2015, National Authority for Road Safety and National Institute of Forensic Medicine and Forensic Sciences (INMLCF) c 2012, Portuguese Road Safety (PRP) d Except for children under 3 years in rear-facing child restraint with airbag deactivated Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 216 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by S up re m e C ou nc il of H ea lth . Qatar Population: 2 569 804 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 75 660 a INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Trac Safety Committee (NTSC) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 130 deaths by 2022 (2013-2022) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 330 487 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 16 479 Heavy trucks — Buses — Other 1 314 008 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 178 b (95% M, 5% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 239 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 9.3 a Data available only for 2015 b Ministry of Interior, General Tra c Directorate . Died within 30 days of crash Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 28% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 21% Cyclists 3% Pedestrians 32% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Drivers and passengers of buses 12% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2% Source: 2016, Ministry of Interior, General Tra c Directorate Source: Ministry of Interior, General Tra c Directorate 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 100 km/h Max rural speed limit 120 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 2% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints 72% e National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes c Not based on BAC. Alcohol consumption legally prohibited d 2016, Ministry of Interior, General Tra c Directorate (data from 2016) e 2015, Roadside observational study Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 217 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of La nd , In fra st ru ct ur e a nd Tr an sp or t. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target < 2700 deaths by 2021 (2017-2021) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 25 680 967 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 17 338 160 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2 180 688 Heavy trucks 3 492 173 Buses 892 539 Other 1 777 407 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 4 292 a (71% M, 29% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 4 990 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 9.8 a Korean National Police Agency. Died within 30 days of crash Republic of Korea Population: 50 791 920 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 27 600 Source: Korean National Police Agency 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 80 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 11% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 86% Drivers d, 40% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 83% Front seats e, 30% Rear seats e National child restraint law No f Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint g Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints 40-42% h National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers c 2016, Korean National Police Agency d 2016, Korea Tra c Culture Index, KOTSA (Korea Transportation Safety Authority) e 2016, Korea Tra c Culture Index f Only required for small children (defined as children under 6 years) sitting in the front g Safety seats required for small children (defined as children under 6 years) sitting in the front h 2016, National Survey Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 20% Pedestrians 40% Other 34% Cyclists 6% Source: 2016, Korean National Police Agency De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n Deaths by road user category Trends in reported road tra c deaths 218 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency The National Committee on Road safety Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 894 253 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 547 712 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 37 987 Heavy trucks 177 781 Buses 20 971 Other 109 802 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 346 a (76% M, 24% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 394 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 9.7 a National Center for Health Management. Died within 30 days of crash Republic of Moldova Population: 4 059 608 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 120 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 17% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles <1% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 4% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks <1% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 58% Cyclists 1% Pedestrians 18% Source: 2016, National Center for Health Management Source: National Center for Health Management 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.03 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.03 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 9% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 62% Front seats c, 18% Rear seats c National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs Child restraint required — d Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 50% c National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, Ministry of Internal Aªairs statistics c 2012, Joint report on the statistical data and the public's attitude to road safety in Chisinau and Tiraspol d The legislation refers to the use of child restraint systems or other means to transport children under 12 years Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 219 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of In te rn al A ªa irs . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Interministerial Council for Road Safety Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 7 014 661 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 5 472 423 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 119 534 Heavy trucks 912 790 Buses 48 803 Other 461 111 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 913 a (73% M, 27% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 2 044 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 10.3 a National database (EAC). Died within 30 days of crash Romania Population: 19 778 084 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 9 470 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 26% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 20% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 4% Cyclists 9% Pedestrians 37% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 3% Source: 2016, National database (EAC) Source: National database (EAC) and National Institute of Statistics (INS) 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 6% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 14 yrs c Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint d Child restraint required Up to 135 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, National database (EAC) c Children under 14 years allowed to be transported in the motorcycle sidecar and must be held in the arms under 7 years d If in accordance with the manufacturer's instruction and for rear-facing restraint if airbag is deactivated Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 220 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of In te rn al A ªa irs . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency The Governmental Commission on Road Safety Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target Reduce deaths by 8 000 (2012-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 54 014 259 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 44 698 592 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2 237 218 Heavy trucks 3 179 460 Buses 865 897 Other 3 033 092 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 20 308 a (72% M, 25% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 25 969 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 18 a Ministry of Internal Aªairs of the Russian Federation. Died within 30 days of crash Russian Federation Population: 143 964 512 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 9 720 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 32% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 25% Cyclists 2% Pedestrians 29% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 6% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 3% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other <1% Source: 2016, Ministry of Internal Aªairs of the Russian Federation Source: Ministry of Internal Aªairs of the Russian Federation 0 6 12 18 24 30 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes b Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.03 g/dl c BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.03 g/dl c Random breath testing carried out Yes d Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 23% e National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 66-83% Front seats f, 20-50% Rear seats f National child restraint law Yes g Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint h Child restraint required Up to 7 yrs i Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 49-52% f National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Local authorities can modify national speed limits through the posting of speed signs c Law based on breath alcohol concentration, values converted to BAC d Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers e 2016, Ministry of Internal Aªairs of the Russian Federation f 2016, Survey performed by the Russian Public Opinion Research Center, 2016 g Since 2017, child restraint systems are the only form of restraint allowed for children under 7 years (before the 2017 revision, children under 12 years were to be restrained either in a child restraint or by "other means") h Children up to 11 years (included) while sitting in the front shall be placed in a child restraint, children aged 12 years and more can sit in the front without a child restraint i For children aged 7-11 years old (included) sitting in the rear, child restraint or seat belt can be used Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 221 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Committee Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 180 137 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 71 394 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 91 874 Heavy trucks 5 909 Buses 1 234 Other 9 726 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers — National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 593 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 535 (95% CI 2 690 - 4 380) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 29.7 a Tra c Police. Died within 30 days of crash Rwanda Population: 11 917 508 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 700 Deaths by road user category SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 80 km/h b Max rural speed limit 80 km/h b Max motorway speed limit 80 km/h b Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law No b Speed limit set per vehicle type with a maximum speed limit of 80 km/h for passenger cars (not exceeding 3500 kg) c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers or commission of a tra c oªence Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 DATA NOT AVA I LABLE 222 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by D ep ar tm en t o f H ea lth an d W el ln es s. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Saint Lucia Road Transport Board Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 35 681 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 29 790 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 215 Heavy trucks 4 310 Buses 1 120 Other 246 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry — Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 15 a (73% M, 27% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 63 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 35.4 a Saint Lucia Royal Police Force (Tra c Department). Unlimited time period following crash Saint Lucia Population: 178 015 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 7 670 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 40% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 7% Cyclists 13% Pedestrians 13% Drivers and passengers of buses 7% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 20% Source: 2016, Saint Lucia Royal Police Force (Tra c Department) Source: Saint Lucia Royal Police Force (Tra c Department) 0 5 10 15 20 25 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit ~ 24 km/h Max rural speed limit ~ 24 km/h Max motorway speed limit ~ 56 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use No Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 223 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Works, Transport & Infrastructure (MWTI) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target <5 deaths per 10 000 vehicles (2011- 2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 25 235 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 23 557 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 95 Heavy trucks 1 184 Buses 326 Other 73 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015/2016) a 17 b (71% M, 29% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 22 (95% CI 20 - 25) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 11.3 a Data collected across fiscal year calendar 2015-2016 b Accident Compensation Cooperation (ACC). Unlimited time period following crash Samoa Population: 195 125 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 4 100 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 18% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 24% Pedestrians 47% Drivers and passengers of buses 6% Cyclists 6% Source: 2015/2016, Accident Compensation Cooperation (ACC) Source: Accident Compensation Cooperation (ACC) 0 7 14 21 28 35 2015-20162014-20152013-20142012-20132011-20122010-20112009-20102008-20092007-20082006-2007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit ~ 56 km/h Max rural speed limit ~ 56 km/h Max motorway speed limit — c Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 100% Drivers d, 100% Passengers e National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 100% Front seats f, 100% Rear seats f National child restraint law No g Children seated in front seat Not restricted h Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes c No motorways in the country d 2016, Land Transport Authority Instant Fine Act 2009/Tra c Oªence Notice e 2016, Land Transport Authority, Authorized Tra c O cers Report, Tra c Oªence Notice f 2016, Tra c Oªence Notice g Legislation refers to either child restraint or seat belt to restrain children under 12 years h Except if child restraint or seat belt are available in the front seat Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 224 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Working Group on Road Security Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 54 956 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 35 369 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 13 109 Heavy trucks 548 Buses 76 Other 5 854 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 0 b WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 0 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 0 a Data available only for 2008 b Information Technology, Data and Statistics O ce. Died within 30 days of crash San Marino Population: 33 203 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 51 810 a Deaths by road user category Source: Information Technology, Data and Statistics O ce 0 1 2 3 4 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 70 km/h Max rural speed limit 70 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required Up to 150 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 225 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Department of Land Transport, Ministry of Infrastructure, Natural Resources and Environment Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2017 34 050 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 23 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 55 (95% CI 43 - 68) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 27.5 a Special police transit unit of the national police. Died within 30 days of crash Sao Tome and Principe Population: 199 910 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 730 Deaths by road user category Source: Special Transit Unit of the National Police 0 5 10 15 20 25 2016201520142013201220112010200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.12 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.12 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 7 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No b Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs/150 cm c Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation refers to either child restraint or seat belt use to transport children c Except if the vehicle does not have rear seats provided and such transportation is made in a child restraint (with airbag deactivated if a rear-facing restraint is being used) Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 226 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Trac Department, Ministry of Interior Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 6 895 799 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 9 031 a (87% M, 13% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 9 311 (95% CI 8 268 - 10 354) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 28.8 a Tra c Department, Annual statistical report. Died within 30 days of crash Saudi Arabia Population: 32 275 688 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 21 750 Deaths by road user category Source: Tra c Department, Annual statistical report 0 7 14 21 28 35 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 80 km/h Max rural speed limit 120 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 16 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required Yes c Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Not based on BAC. Alcohol consumption legally prohibited c Reference is made to special seats to be used for children with no details as to the specific age/height under which children should be mandatorily placed in them Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 227 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth an d So cia l A ct ion . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Directorate of Land Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 35% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 468 051 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 348 088 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 38 879 Heavy trucks 56 631 Buses 17 689 Other 6 764 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 604 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 609 (95% CI 3 052 - 4 165) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 23.4 a Road Transport Final Report, February 2017. Died within 30 days of crash Senegal Population: 15 411 614 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 950 Deaths by road user category Source: Road Transport Final Report, February 2017 0 1 2 3 4 5 20142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit No Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers No Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes b Not based on BAC Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 228 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Coordination Body for Road Trac Safety Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 2 282 401 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 908 449 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 63 587 Heavy trucks 208 925 Buses 9 709 Other 91 731 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 607 a (82% M, 18% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 649 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 7.4 a Database of the Ministry of Interior on road tra c accidents. Died within 30 days of crash Serbia Population: 8 820 083 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 5 280 Deaths by road user category Source: Statistical O ce of the Republic of Serbia and Database of the Ministry of Interior on road tra c accidents 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h b Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.03 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 17% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 86% Drivers d, 74-87% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 75% Front seats d, 10% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs e Child restraint required Up to 3 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 28% d National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Can be increased to 80 km/h c 2016, Database of the Ministry of Interior on road tra c accidents d 2016, Road Tra c Safety Agency of Republic of Serbia (percentages for helmet wearing are for mopeds and motorcycles, respectively) e Except for children under 3 years if airbag is deactivated Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 30% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 16%Cyclists 9% Pedestrians 23% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 4% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 9% Drivers and passengers of buses 1% Other 7% Source: 2016, Database of the Ministry of Interior on road tra c accidents Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 229 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Department of Land Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 23 076 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 19 469 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 799 Heavy trucks 2 211 Buses 597 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 15 a (87% M, 13% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 15 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 15.9 a Police and Ministry of Health. Died within 30 days of crash Seychelles Population: 94 228 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 15 410 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 20% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 27% Cyclists 7% Pedestrians 20% Drivers and passengers of buses 7% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 20% Source: 2016, Police Source: Ministry of Health, National Bureau of Statistics, and Police 0 5 10 15 20 25 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 25-80 km/h b Max rural speed limit 80 km/h b Max motorway speed limit 80 km/h b Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No d Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 10 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes e Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required Yes f Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Speed limits depend on the geographical area considered: the maximum speed limit is 40 km/h on roads in Greater Victoria and 80 km/h on any other roads; the islands of Praslin and La Digue are subject to 65 km/h and 25 km/h, respectively c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers or commission of a tra c oªence d Reference is made to regulations to specify helmet types, in 2017 these regulations were in the process of being developed e The legislation refers to the use of child restraint systems for infant or child passenger but does not refer to a specific age/ height up to which the use of child restraint is mandatory f Obligation not based on age/height or weight Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 230 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Trac Police & Land Transport Authority Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 933 534 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 727 533 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 142 439 Heavy trucks 45 224 Buses 18 338 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 141 a (73% M, 27% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 155 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 2.8 a Singapore Police Force. Died within 30 days of crash Singapore Population: 5 622 455 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 51 880 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeledcars and light vehicles 6% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 1% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 44% Cyclists 14% Pedestrians 33% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks <1% Source: 2016, Singapore Police Force Source: Singapore Police Force 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 70 km/h b Max rural speed limit — c Max motorway speed limit 90 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes d Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 6% e National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 10 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required Up to 135 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Diªerent speed limits are set in urban areas ranging from 30 km/h to 70km/h c No rural roads in Singapore d Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers or commission of a tra c oªence e 2016, Singapore Police Force Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 231 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of transport of the Slovak Republic Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 2 606 412 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 2 388 415 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 126 630 Heavy trucks 82 563 Buses 8 804 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 275 a (78% M, 22% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 330 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 6.1 a Road Accident Database (ISDN). Died within 30 days of crash Slovakia Population: 5 444 218 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 16 810 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 33% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 17% Cyclists 8% Pedestrians 29% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 9% Drivers and passengers of buses 1% Other 3% Source: 2016, Road Accident Database (ISDN) Source: Road Accident Database (SEDN) for 2007-2009; Road Accident Database (ISDN) for 2010-2016; and Statistical Bureau of Slovak Republic 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population 0.00 g/dl b BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl b Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 6% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint d Child restraint required Up to 150 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Driving with presence of any alcohol in the body is prohibited c 2016, Road Accident Database (ISDN) d Provided that airbag is deactivated if child is in a rear-facing child restraint system Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 232 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by S lo ve ni an Tr a c S af et y A ge nc y. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Slovenian Trac Safety Agency Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2013-2022) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 468 439 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 183 476 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 97 418 Heavy trucks 31 374 Buses 2 690 Other 153 481 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 130 a (78% M, 22% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 134 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 6.4 a Police records. Died within 30 days of crash Slovenia Population: 2 077 862 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 21 660 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 35% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 12% Cyclists 10% Pedestrians 17% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 19% Other 5% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Source: 2016, Police database Source: Slovenian Tra c Safety Agency 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h b Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 32% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs d Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 92% Front seats e, 69% Rear seats e National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint f Child restraint required Up to 150 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Can be increased up to 70 km/h c 2016, Police records d Only children older than 12 years are allowed to ride as passengers on motorcycles e 2016, Slovenian Tra c Safety Agency f Provided that airbag is deactivated if child is in a rear-facing child restraint system Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 233 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by P ol ice Fo rc e. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Trac Unit, Ministry of Infrastructure and Development and Ministry of Police & Correctional Services Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles — Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 11 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 104 (95% CI 94 - 115) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 17.4 a Honiara Tra c Statistics 2016 Report. Died within 24 hours of crash Solomon Islands Population: 599 419 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 880 Deaths by road user category Source: Kukum Tra c Police 0 1 2 3 4 2013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes b Max urban speed limit — Max rural speed limit — Max motorway speed limit — Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants — Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes b Speed limits are established locally per vehicle type and/or per road names or areas Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 234 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Road Safety Management, Ministry of Public Works, Housing and Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Not funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads — Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2014 59 457 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 56 000 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 760 Heavy trucks — Buses — Other 2 697 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number None Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 165 b WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 884 (95% CI 3 023 - 4 745) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 27.1 b Tra c Police. Died at scene of crash Somaliaa Population: 14 317 996 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ — a The data published herein refers roughly to the following administrative subdivisions of Somalia: Awdal, Marodi Jeeh, Sanaagh, Sool, Togdheer and Woqooyi Galbeed Deaths by road user category Source: Tra c Police 0 40 80 120 160 200 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 40 km/h Max rural speed limit No Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law No Applies to drivers and passengers — Helmet fastening required — Helmet standard referred to and/or specified — Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement — Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants — Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes c Not based on BAC. Alcohol consumption legally prohibited Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 235 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by R oa d T ra c M an ag em en t C or po ra tio n. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Road Trac Management Corporation (RTMC), Department of Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2010-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles — Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 14 071 a (77% M, 23% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 14 507 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 25.9 a Road Tra c Management Corporation (RTMC), Tra c calendar report 2016. Died within 30 days of crash South Africa Population: 56 015 472 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 5 480 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 21% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 24% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers <1% Pedestrians 38% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 6% Drivers and passengers of buses 7% Cyclists 3% Other <1% Source: 2016, Road Tra c Management Corporation (RTMC), Tra c calendar report 2016 Source: Road Tra c Management Corporation (RTMC), Tra c calendar report 2016 0 7 14 21 28 35 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 58% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 33% Drivers c, 31% Front seats c National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Not restricted d Child restraint required Up to 3 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2010, National Injury Mortality Surveillance System (NIMSS) c 2010, Road Tra c Management Corporation (RTMC) Tra c Oªence Survey 2010 d Obligation to place children in the rear only applies in vehicles not fitted with seat belts and having rear seats Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 236 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Trac Police, Ministry of Interior Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2012-2016 69 647 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 32 070 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 27 250 Heavy trucks 4 830 Buses 5 497 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 130 b (53% M, 47% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 661 (95% CI 2 976 - 4 346) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 29.9 a Data available only for 2015 b Juba Teaching Hospital. Unlimited time period following crash South Sudan Population: 12 230 730 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 820 a Deaths by road user category Source: Tra c Police, Statistical yearbook for Southern Sudan 2010 and Population Projection 2015 0 4 8 12 16 20 201620152014201320122011201020092008 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit No Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law No Applies to drivers and passengers — Helmet fastening required — Helmet standard referred to and/or specified — Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement — Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants — Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes c Not based on BAC Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 237 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth , S oc ial S er vic es an d Eq ua lit y. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Directorate General for Trac, Ministry of Internal Administration Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target <3.7 deaths per 100 000 population (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 32 986 384 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 26 876 165 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 5 102 674 Heavy trucks 526 559 Buses 60 252 Other 420 734 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 810 a (77% M, 23% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 922 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 4.1 a Directorate General of Tra c. Died within 30 days of crash Spain Population: 46 347 576 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 27 520 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 32% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 14% Cyclists 4% Pedestrians 21% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 22% Drivers and passengers of buses 1% Other 2% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 3% Source: 2015, Directorate General of Tra c Source: Directorate General of Tra c 0 2 4 6 8 10 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes b Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.03 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 17% Males, 7% Females c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 7/12 yrs d Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 99% Drivers e, 93% Passengers e National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 91% Front seats e, 81% Rear seats e National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 135 cm f Child restraint required Up to 135 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 88% g National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Road authorities can decrease speed limits on both urban and rural roads. Speed limits can only be increased on urban highways c 2012, Global Status Report on Alcohol and Health 2014, WHO (percentages for females and males, respectively) d In principle, children under 12 years are not allowed to ride as passenger on motorcycles, by exception the minimum age is lowered to 7 years when the driver is one of the parents, or a person authorized by them e 2012, Directorate General of Tra c f Front seating for children under 135 cm is only allowed as an exception if there are no seats in the back or all other seats are occupied by children g 2012, Directorate General of Tra c. Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 238 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of Tr an sp or t a nd Ci vil Av iat ion . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Council for Road Safety (NCRS), Ministry of Transport and Civil Aviation Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 6 795 469 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 717 674 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 4 815 617 Heavy trucks 762 912 Buses 104 104 Other 395 162 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 3 003 a (86% M, 14% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 096 (95% CI 2 777 - 3 415) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 14.9 a Sri Lanka Police, Micro Accident Analysis System (MAAP). Died within 30 days of crash Sri Lanka Population: 20 798 492 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 780 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 2% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 5% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 51% Cyclists 8% Pedestrians 29% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Other 2% Source: 2016, Sri Lanka Police, Micro Accident Analysis System (MAAP) Source: Sri Lanka Police 0 700 1400 2100 2800 3500 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 70 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 95% All riders b National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 75% Front seats b, 75% Rear seats b National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, Sri Lanka Police, Micro Accident Analysis System (MAAP) Trends in reported road tra c deaths Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 239 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by Fe de ra l M in ist ry of H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Road Safety Coordination Council Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 20% (2017-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 252 740 a Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 935 132 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 149 778 Heavy trucks 86 430 Buses 81 400 Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 2 311 b (77% M, 23% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 10 178 (95% CI 8 635 - 11 722) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 25.7 a Data includes police, army and national security vehicles, which are not reflected in o cial records b Tra c police, Annual report for road tra c crashes 2016. Died within 7 days of crash Sudan Population: 39 578 828 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 140 Deaths by road user category Pedestrians 29% Other 71% Source: 2016, Tra c police, Annual report for road tra c crashes Source: Tra c police, Annual report for road tra c crashes 2013/2016 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol <1% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes c Not based on BAC d 2016, Tra c police, Annual report for road tra c crashes 2016 Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 240 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency No Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 228 388 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 146 110 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 43 256 Heavy trucks 34 434 Buses 3 608 Other 980 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 74 a (84% M, 16% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 81 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 14.5 a Combined sources: Tra c Police, Ministry of Justice and Police, and Emergency Medical Department Academic Hospital Paramaribo. Died within 30 days of crash Suriname Population: 558 368 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 7 070 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 22% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 12% Cyclists 4% Pedestrians 15% Other 1% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 46% Source: 2016, Tra c Police, Ministry of Justice and Police Source: Tra c Police, Ministry of Justice and Police, and General Bureau of Statistics 0 5 10 15 20 25 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 40 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 80 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 95% Drivers b, 92% Passengers b National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 75% Front seats b, 8% Rear seats b National child restraint law Yes c Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required — c Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, Tra c Police Suriname, Ministry of Justice and Police c For children under 10 years, the legislation refers to the use of child restraint system (CRS) where available and appropriate, and specifies that in the absence of child restraint, seat belts are to be used Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 241 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by S we dis h T ra ns po rt Ad m in ist ra tio n. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Swedish Transport Administration, Ministry of Enterprise and Innovation Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2007-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 6 102 914 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 5 302 808 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 375 188 Heavy trucks 81 430 Buses 13 890 Other 329 598 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 270 a (76% M, 24% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 278 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 2.8 a O cial statistics (Swedish Transport Analysis). Died within 30 days of crash Sweden Population: 9 837 533 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 54 630 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 39% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 15% Cyclists 8% Pedestrians 16% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 16% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 4% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Source: 2016, STRADA (Swedish Tra c Accident Data Acquisition), Swedish Transport Agency Source: O cial statistics (Swedish Transport Analysis) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.02 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 24% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 97-99% All Riders c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 96% Front seats d, 90% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint e Child restraint required Up to 135 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 96% f National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use No Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, In-depth studies of fatal crashes, Swedish Transport Administration c 2016, Travel survey (VTI) d 2016, Swedish Transport Administration, Analysis of road safety development 2016 e Provided that airbag is deactivated if child is in a rear-facing child restraint system f 2013, The Sweden National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI), The use of seat belts in Sweden 2013. Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 242 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by Fe de ra l D ep ar tm en t o f t he En vir on m en t, Tra ns po rt, En er gy an d Co m m un ica tio ns . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Federal Roads Oce (FEDRO) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 5 980 512 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 4 927 655 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 720 381 Heavy trucks 53 094 Buses 14 742 Other 264 640 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 216 a (70% M, 30% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 223 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 2.7 a Federal Roads O ce. Died within 30 days of crash Switzerland Population: 8 401 739 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 81 240 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 26% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 8% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 23% Cyclists 15% Pedestrians 23% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks <1% Other 4% Source: 2016, Federal Roads O ce Source: Swiss Federal Statistical O ce 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.01 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 13% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 100% Drivers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 94% Front seats c, 86% Rear seats c National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required Up to 12 yrs/150 cm d Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 93% e National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, Federal Roads O ce c 2016, Swiss Council for Accident Prevention (BFU) d Children under 12 years and less than 150 cm shall be placed in a child restraint e 2012, Swiss Council for Accident Prevention (BFU) Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 243 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Committee for Road Safety Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 2 396 544 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 811 359 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 466 205 Heavy trucks 41 647 Buses 77 333 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 714 b (86% M, 14% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 4 890 (95% CI 4 009 - 5 772) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 26.5 a Data available only for 2007 b Ministry of Interior, Tra c Department. Died within 30 days of crash Syrian Arab Republic Population: 18 430 452 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 840 a Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 9% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 10% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 6% Pedestrians 65% Drivers and passengers of buses 1% Other 3% Cyclists 6% Source: 2016, Ministry of Interior, Tra c Department Source: Ministry of Interior, Tra c Department 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit — Max rural speed limit — Max motorway speed limit — Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers No Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 90% Drivers d, 90% Front seats d National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law No c The law refers to regulations to set BAC limit, regulations not available d 2016, Ministry of Interior, Tra c Department Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 244 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth an d So cia l P ro te ct ion . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Department of the State Automobile Inspection, Ministry of Internal A®airs Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 439 972 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 380 496 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 4 546 Heavy trucks 39 261 Buses 15 669 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 427 a (72% M, 28% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 577 (95% CI 1 449 - 1 704) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 18.1 a Department of the State Automobile Inspection, Ministry of Internal Aªairs. Died within 7 days of crash Tajikistan Population: 8 734 951 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 110 Deaths by road user category Drivers of all vehicles 22% Passengers of all vehicles 36% Pedestrians 40% Cyclists 2% Source: Department of the State Automobile Inspection, Ministry of Internal Aªairs. 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — b BAC limit – young or novice drivers — b Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 4% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint d Child restraint required — e Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Not based on BAC c 2016, Department of the State Automobile Inspection, Ministry of Internal Aªairs. d Front seating of children under 12 years allowed if a child restraint is being used e Legislation refers to child restraints or “other means” to secure children under 12 years but allows the transport of children under 12 years on the knees of an adult passenger seated in the back with the seat belt fastened Trends in reported road tra c deaths Source: 2016, Department of the State Automobile Inspection, Ministry of Internal Aªairs De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 245 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of P ub lic H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Ministry of Interior Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target ≤ 10 deaths per 100 000 population (2010-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 31 Dec 2016 37 338 139 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 15 003 774 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 20 497 296 Heavy trucks 1 055 717 Buses 157 799 Other 623 553 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No a Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 21 745 b (79% M, 21% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 22 491 (95% CI 20 265 - 24 717) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 32.7 a Thailand launched an ECO-CAR program with tax incentives to cars with ESC but is not mandatory for all cars b Data Integration: (1) Death registration validated with Medical Certification of Cause of Death from hospitals; (2) Royal Thai Police; (3) Road Accident Victims Protection Company Limited. Unlimited time period following crash Thailand Population: 68 863 512 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 5 640 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 6% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 6% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 74% Cyclists 3% Pedestrians 8% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks <1% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 1% Source: 2016, Injury surveillance system, Bureau of Epidemiology, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health Source: Data Integration: (1) Death registration validated with Medical Certification of Cause of Death from hospitals; (2) Royal Thai Police; (3) Road Accident Victims Protection Company Limited 0 8 16 24 32 40 201620152014201320122011 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 80 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 14% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 51% Drivers e, 20% Passengers e National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 58% Drivers f, 40% Front seats f National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers d 2016, Injury Surveillance System across 33 hospital sentinel sites e 2015, Survey of ThaiRoads Foundation f 2011, Survey of ThaiRoads Foundation Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 246 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Republic Council on Road Trac Safety and Coordination Body of the Government of Republic of Macedonia Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target Reduction of fatalities to EU average, reduction of young driver victims by 30%, and zero child victims (2015 - 2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 442 962 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 383 833 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 10 050 Heavy trucks 45 836 Buses 3 243 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 148 a (80% M, 20% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 134 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 6.4 a Ministry of Interior and State Statistical O ce. Died within 30 days of crash The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Population: 2 081 206 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 4 980 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 26% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 20% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 9% Cyclists 6% Pedestrians 33% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 3% Other 2% Source: 2015, Ministry of Interior and State Statistical O ce Source: State Statistical O ce and Ministry of Interior 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h b Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.01 g/dl c Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 1% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 20% Front seats e, 3% Rear seats e National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs f Child restraint required Up to 5 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Can be increased up to 70 km/h c In the law ≤ 0.009 g/dl d 2015, State Statistical O ce and Ministry of Interior e 2015, Survey conducted by the Department for tra c and transport f Except for children under 2 years in a rear-facing child restraint if airbag is deactivated Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 247 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Directorate of Transport, Ministry of Interior Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for December 2016 146 596 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 24 438 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 108 409 Heavy trucks 1 120 Buses 207 Other 12 422 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 71 b WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 161 (95% CI 138 - 184) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 12.7 a Data available only for 2015 b National Police Timor-Leste (PNTL), National Transit Department. Died within 24 hours of crash Timor-Leste Population: 1 268 671 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 180 a Deaths by road user category DATA NOT AVA I LABLE Source: National Police Timor-Leste (PNTL), National Transit Department (death data), Census 2010 (population data) 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs c Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes c Unless the vehicle does not have a back seat and such transportation is carried out by using an approved child restraint, appropriate to the child's size and weight Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 248 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of S ec ur ity an d Civ il Pr ot ec tio n. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Oce of Road Safety (ONSR), Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport (MIT) Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 64 118 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 17 000 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 45 341 Heavy trucks 791 Buses 62 Other 924 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 514 a (50% M, 22% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 2 224 (95% CI 1 800 - 2 649) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 29.2 a Police and Ministry of Security and Civil Protection (MSPC). Died within 30 days of crash Togo Population: 7 606 374 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 540 Deaths by road user category Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 11% Occupants of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 17% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 72% Source: 2016, Ministry of Security and Civil Protection (MSPC), 2008-2016 Annual Report Source: Ministry of Security and Civil Protection (MSPC), 2008-2016 Annual Reports (death data), National Institute of Statistics and Economic and Demographic Studies (population data) 0 3 6 9 12 15 201620152014201320122011201020092008 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law No Max urban speed limit — Max rural speed limit — Max motorway speed limit — Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement — Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes b Not based on BAC Trends in reported road tra c deaths National Oce of Road Safety (ONSR), Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport (MIT) De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 249 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Police (Department of Trac) and Ministry of Infrastructure Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% reduction in rate per 100 000 population (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2012 8 154 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 6 039 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 184 Heavy trucks 1 882 Buses 49 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 18 a (89% M, 11% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 18 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 16.8 a Road Tra c Accident Registry. Died within 24 hours of crash Tonga Population: 107 122 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 4 020 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 33% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 33% Pedestrians 28% Other 6% Source: 2016, Road Tra c Accident Registry, Ministry of Police Source: Road Tra c Accident Registry, Ministry of Police 0 4 8 12 16 20 201620152014201320122011201020092008 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 70 km/h Max motorway speed limit 70 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.03 g/dl b BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.03 g/dl b Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 77% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants — Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law No b Law based on breath alcohol concentration, values converted to BAC c 2016, Audit on Major Trauma for the year 2016, Emergency Department, Ministry of Health Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 250 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Council, Ministry of Works and Transport Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads — Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 1996-2015 831 803 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 378 584 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 4 736 Heavy trucks 96 612 Buses 431 Other 351 440 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 135 a (76% M, 24% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 165 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 12.1 a Trinidad and Tobago Police Service. Died within a year of crash Trinidad and Tobago Population: 1 364 962 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 15 680 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 29% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 29%Cyclists <1% Pedestrians 31% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 4% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 4% Source: 2016, Trinidad and Tobago Police Service Source: Trinidad and Tobago Police Service 0 5 10 15 20 25 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 5 yrs Child restraint required Up to 5 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 251 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Observatory for Information, Training, Documentation and Studies on Road Safety, Ministry of Interior Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads — Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 2 015 601 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 718 175 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 16 306 Heavy trucks 260 369 Buses 20 751 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 443 a (88% M, 12% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 2 595 (95% CI 2 321 - 2 869) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 22.8 a National Tra c Safety Observatory in coordination with the Guard and Tra c Police Departments. Died within 30 days of crash Tunisia Population: 11 403 248 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 690 Deaths by road user category Drivers of all vehicles 25% Passengers of all vehicles 24% Pedestrians 25% Other <1% Cyclist 2% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 23% Source: National Tra c Safety Observatory in coordination with the Guard and Tra c Police Departments 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.03 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 2% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 6 yrs c Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, National Tra c Safety Observatory in coordination with the Guard and Tra c Police Departments c The ban includes children aged 6 years Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 252 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Higher Board of Road Safety, Ministry of Interior Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 21 090 424 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 17 040 996 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 3 003 733 Heavy trucks 825 334 Buses 220 361 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 7 300 a (78% M, 22% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 9 782 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 12.3 a Directorate General For Security. Died within 30 days of crash Turkey Population: 79 512 424 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 11 180 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 22% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 15% Pedestrians 23% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 4% Drivers and passengers of buses 1% Other 33% Cyclists 2% Source: 2016, Accident Reporting Database Source: Directorate General for Security 0 2 4 6 8 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h b Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h b Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 3% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 75% All riders d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 50% Drivers e, 41% Front seats e National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint f Child restraint required Up to 36 kg/135 cm g Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes b Ministry of Interior can increase speed limits by 20 km/h for automobiles c 2012, Turkish National Police d 2016, Directorate General for Security e 2013, 2016 - Turkey Analysis: Follow-up study on driver and front seat-belt use f Provided that airbag is deactivated for children travelling in a rear-facing restraint g Child restraints are required for children under 150cm, by exception children of height 135-150 cm can be restrained by a seat belt only if they sit in the back Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 253 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth an d Me dic al In du st ry. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Health and Medical Industry of Turkmenistan Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles — Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 543 a (66% M, 34% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 823 (95% CI 765 - 880) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 14.5 a Statistical report of the State Committee on Statistics. Died within 7 days of crash Turkmenistan Population: 5 662 544 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 6 670 Deaths by road user category 0 200 400 600 800 1000 201320122011201020092008 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint b Child restraint required — c Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law No b Law does not specifically refer to child restraint system but to "special seating equipment" for children under 12 years c Special seating equipment for children under 12 years is mentioned only in relation with front seating Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 254 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Council (NRSC), Ministry of Works and Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2014-2022) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 594 962 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 946 096 Heavy trucks — Buses 3 335 Other 645 531 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 3 503 a (78% M, 22% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 12 036 (95% CI 9 454 - 14 618) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 29 a Police Annual Tra c Report. Died within a year of crash Uganda Population: 41 487 964 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 660 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 5% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 17% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 33% Cyclists 6% Pedestrians 40% Source: 2016, Police Annual Tra c Report Source: Police Annual Tra c Reports and Uganda Bureau of Statistics 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 201620152014201320122011201020092008 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol <1% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 49% Drivers d, 1% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers or commission of a tra c oªence c 2016, Police Annual Tra c Report d 2013, Uganda Helmet Vaccine Initiative 2013 Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 255 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency No Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2014 14 433 709 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 9 162 795 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 725 447 Heavy trucks 2 063 276 Buses 324 151 Other 1 158 040 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 4 687 a (76% M, 24% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 6 089 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 13.7 a State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Unlimited time period following crash Ukraine Population: 44 438 624 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 310 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 16% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 18% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 9% Pedestrians 42% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 1% Cyclists 7% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 7% Source: 2016, State Statistics Service of Ukraine Source: State Statistics Service of Ukraine 0 5 10 15 20 25 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.02 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 7% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs/145 cm Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes c Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint d Child restraint required — c Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, State Statistics Service of Ukraine c The legislation refers to the use of "special means" to be used in conjunction with the seat belt to restrain children under 12 years and 145 cm d No specific reference to child restraint but to "special means" for children under 145 cm and 12 years sitting in the front Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 256 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth an d Pr ev en tio n. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Trac Coordination Department, Ministry of Interior Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 3 deaths per 100 000 population (2011-2021) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 3 391 125 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 2 996 338 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 54 581 Heavy trucks 237 427 Buses 102 779 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 725 a (88% M, 12% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 678 (95% CI 1 435 - 1 921) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 18.1 a Ministry of Interior (MOI). Died within 30 days of crash United Arab Emirates Population: 9 269 612 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 40 480 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 30% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 24% Cyclists 2% Pedestrians 24% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 8% Drivers and passengers of buses 6% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 6% Source: 2016, Ministry of Interior Source: Ministry of Interior 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit — b Max rural speed limit — b Max motorway speed limit — b Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.01 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.01 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 2% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs / 145 cm Child restraint required Up to 4 yrs e Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Speed limits are established at subnational level per streets' names c Alcohol consumption legally prohibited d 2016, Ministry of Interior (MOI) e Child restraints are required for children aged 4 years and below Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 257 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by D ep ar tm en t f or Tr an sp or t. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Department for Transport (Great Britain); Transport - Policy, Planning and Partnership Division (Wales); Transport Scotland (Scotland); Department for Infrastructure (Northern Ireland) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 40-60% a SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 38 388 214 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 35 681 940 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 270 216 Heavy trucks 517 144 Buses 167 056 Other 751 858 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 1 804 b (76% M, 24% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 2 019 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 3.1 a Wales 40%; Scotland 40%; NI at least 60% (2004-2008 average to 2020) b Department for Transport, Road accidents and safety statistics (Great Britain), Police Recorded Injury Road Tra c Collision Statistics (Northern Ireland). Defined as died within 30 days of crash. United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Population: 65 788 572 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 42 390 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 33% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 14% Cyclists 6% Pedestrians 24% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 20% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 2% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Source: 2015, Department for Transport, Road accidents and safety statistics (Great Britain), Police Recorded Injury Road Tra c Collision Statistics (Northern Ireland) Source: Department for Transport, Road accidents and safety statistics (Great Britain), Police Recorded Injury Road Tra c Collision Statistics (Northern Ireland) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit ~ 48 km/h Max rural speed limit ~ 96 km/h Max motorway speed limit ~ 112 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl c BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl c Random breath testing carried out Yes d Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 13% (GB), 23% (NI) e National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 95% (England and Scotland), 98% (NI) Front seats f, 90% (England and Scotland), 94% (NI) Rear seats f National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required Up to 12 yrs/135 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 95% (NI) g National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes c In Scotland legal BAC limit is ≤ 0.05g/dl d Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers e 2014, Police Services of Northern Island statistics (NI); Department for Transport Statistical Release 2016 (GB) f 2014, Seatbelt and mobile phone use surveys 2014 (England and Scotland); Survey of Seat Belt Wearing 2014 (NI) g 2014, Northern Ireland Survey of Seat Belt Wearing (figure for all ages and for children seated in the back) Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 258 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H om e A ªa irs . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Council (NRSC), Ministry of Home A®airs Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 2 163 623 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 649 127 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 282 503 Heavy trucks 99 428 Buses 58 247 Other 74 318 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number None Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 3 256 a (79% M, 21% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 16 252 (95% CI 13 130 - 19 374) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 29.2 a Tra c Police. Died within 30 days of crash United Republic of Tanzania Population: 55 572 200 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 900 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 8% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 30% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 23% Cyclists 8% Pedestrians 30% Other <1% Source: 2016, Tra c Police Source: Tra c Police 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit No Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol <1% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers No Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers or commission of a tra c oªence c 2016, Tra c Police Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 259 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by D ep ar tm en t o f H ea lth an d Hu m an S er vic es . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Highway Trac Safety Administration (NHTSA), Department of Transportation Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 1.02 per 100 million miles traveled (VMT) (2018) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads — Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 281 312 446 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 260 619 419 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 8 600 936 Heavy trucks 11 203 184 Buses 888 907 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 35 092 a (71% M, 29% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 39 888 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 12.4 * These data take into consideration subnational laws. A criteria is answered "Yes" if at least 80% of the subnational entities meet the criteria a Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) Annual Report File. Died within 30 days of crash b Over 90% of the states provide a BAC limit equal or under 0.02 g/dl for young-novice drivers c 2015, National Center for Statistics and Analysis. (2016, December). Alcohol-impaired driving: 2015 data (Tra c Safety Facts. DOT HS 812 350). Washington, DC: National Highway Tra c Safety Administration. d About 40 % of the states require helmets for both drivers and passengers on motorcycles e Less than 10% of the states prohibit that children ride as passengers on motorcycles f 2016, Motorcycle helmet use in 2016 – Overall results. (Tra c Safety Facts Research Note. Report No. DOT HS 812 378), National Highway Tra c Safety Administration. g About 40% of the states do not require seat belt for rear seats passengers h 2016, Seat Belt Use. Overall Results (Tra c Safety Facts Research Note. Report No. DOT HS 812 351), National Highway Tra c Safety Administration. United States of America Population: 322 179 616 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 56 180 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 47% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 17% Cyclist 2% Pedestrians 15% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 14% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 2%Drivers and passengersof heavy trucks 2% Source: 2015, Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) Annual Report File Source: 2006-2010 Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) Annual Final File, and 2015 Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) Annual Report File 0 4 8 12 16 20 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS * National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit ~ 32 - 128 km/h Max rural speed limit ~ 40 - 128 km/h Max motorway speed limit ~ 40 - 128 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement — Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00-0.08 g/dl b Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement — % road trac deaths involving alcohol 29% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers No d Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted e Enforcement — Helmet wearing rate 68% Drivers f, 53% Passengers f National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No g Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate 90% Front seats h, 75% Rear seats i National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required — j Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement — % children using child restraints 89% k National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use No l Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes i 2015, Occupant restraint use in 2015: Results from the NOPUS controlled intersection study (Report No. DOT HS 812 330), National Highway Tra c Safety Administration. j Child restraint laws are enacted at subnational level. While all states require the use of child restraints, they provide diªerent age /weight/ height criteria to specify the period for mandatory use of child restraints / booster seats k 2016, the 2015 National Survey of the Use of Booster Seats (NSUBS) (Report No. DOT HS 812 309). Washington, DC: National Highway Tra c Safety Administration. l The majority of states prohibit texting while driving Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 260 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by N at ion al R oa d Sa fe ty U ni t ( UN AS EV ). INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Unit (UNASEV) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 2 342 026 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 008 974 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 252 031 Heavy trucks 71 355 Buses 9 666 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 446 a (75% M, 25% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 460 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 13.4 a National Tra c Information System (SINATRAN). Died within 30 days of crash Uruguay Population: 3 444 006 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 15 230 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 17% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 14% Cyclists 7% Pedestrians 17% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 46% Source: 2016, National Tra c Information System (SINATRAN) Source: National Tra c Information System (SINATRAN) 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 45 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 90 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population 0.00 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited b Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 80% Drivers c, 71% Passengers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 63% Front seats d, 33% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs/150 cm Child restraint required Up to 12 yrs/36 kg/150 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 23% d National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Until footrests can be reached c 2016, National Tra c Information System (SINATRAN) d 2016, Observational behavior study in road safety, Uruguay Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 261 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by R ep ub lic an sp ec ial ize d sc ien tifi c- pr ac tic al m ed ica l c en te r o f t ra um at ol og y a nd or th op ed ics . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency State Service on Trac Safety, Ministry of Internal A®airs of Republic of Uzbekistan Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles — Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry — Formal certification for prehospital providers — National assessment of emergency care systems — DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 2 496 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 617 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 11.5 a State service on Tra c Safety, Ministry of Internal Aªairs of Republic of Uzbekistan. Died within 30 days of crash Uzbekistan Population: 31 446 796 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 220 Deaths by road user category Source: Statistics of State Service on Tra c Safety, Ministry of Internal Aªairs of Republic of Uzbekistan 0 600 1200 1800 2400 3000 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 70 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash — Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 4% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes b Not based on BAC c 2016, Statistics of State Road Safety Service Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 262 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by th e M in ist ry of H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Vanuatu Police Force, Ministry of Internal A®airs Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles — Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 9 b (67% M, 33% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 43 (95% CI 39 - 48) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 15.9 a Data available only for 2014 b Vanuatu Police (manual records). Died at scene of crash Vanuatu Population: 270 402 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 170 a Deaths by road user category Source: 2013, GSRRS3 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law No Max urban speed limit — Max rural speed limit — Max motorway speed limit — Local authorities can modify limits — Enforcement — Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 67% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 90% Drivers e, 90% Passengers e National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 20% Front seats e, 10% Rear seats e National child restraint law No f Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint g Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes c Not based on BAC d 2016, Vanuatu Police, Tra c occurrence book e 2016, Vanuatu Police Force f Legislation allows that infants (defined as children under 3 years) be held by a responsible person as an alternative to using special seats g Infant (defined as children under 3 years) shall be placed in a restraining seat while travelling in the front Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 263 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of M in ist ry of P op ul ar P ow er fo r H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Institute of Land Transport, Ministry of People's Power for Land Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads — Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 7 999 760 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 4 558 246 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 263 506 Heavy trucks 1 818 649 Buses 336 846 Other 22 513 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2013) 7 028 b (83% M, 17% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 10 640 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 33.7 a Data available only for 2013 b 2013 Yearbook Mortality, Ministry of the Popular Power for Health. Died within 30 days of crash Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Population: 31 568 180 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 11 760 a Deaths by road user category Source: 2013 Yearbook Mortality, Ministry of the Popular Power for Health 0 6 12 18 24 30 2013201220112010200920082007200620052004 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law No Max urban speed limit — Max rural speed limit — Max motorway speed limit — Local authorities can modify limits — Enforcement — Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 10 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes d Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required — d Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes c Not based on BAC d The law requires "infants" to use "special seats for that purpose" but does not specify the age for children falling into the "infants" category Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 264 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by th e M in ist ry of Tr an sp or t. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Trac Safety Committee (NTSC) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 5-10% annually (2012- 2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 50 666 855 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 3 033 527 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 47 131 928 Heavy trucks — Buses — Other 501 400 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 8 417 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 24 970 (95% CI 21 576 - 28 363) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 26.4 a Report of Road Safety Performance Review of Viet Nam, The United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia (UNESCAP) and the Pacific and Ministry of Transport of Viet Nam (MOT). Died within 7 days of crash Viet Nam Population: 94 569 072 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 050 Deaths by road user category Source: Report of Road Safety Performance Review of Viet Nam, The United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia (UNESCAP) and the Pacific and Ministry of Transport of Viet Nam (MOT) 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population 0.00 - 0.05 g/dl b BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 - 0.05 g/dl b Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 81% Drivers c, 60% Passengers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Diªerent BAC limits are set depending on the type of vehicle used: for drivers of cars the BAC limit is set at 0.00g/dl while for drivers of motorcycles and mopeds the legal BAC limit is set at 0.05g/dl c 2013, Helmet observation in Ha Noi, BacNinh, Quang Ninh, Da Nang, Vinh Phuc, and Ho Chi Minh city Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 265 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Higher Trac Council Funded in budget Yes Road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 268 365 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 213 375 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 670 Heavy trucks 22 277 Buses 2 225 Other 28 818 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE Emergency care access number Single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 159 a (77% M, 23% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 252 (95% CI 189 - 333) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 5.3 a Police / Tra c Department, Annual Police Report. Died within 30 days of crash West Bank and Gaza Strip Population: 4 790 705 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 230 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 24% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 28% Cyclists 2% Pedestrians 33% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 3% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 3% Other 8% Source: 2016, Police / Tra c Department, Annual Police Report Source: Palestinian Statistics Authority and Police Department 0 2 4 6 8 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS Speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual Drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — Motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — Seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — Child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required Up to 14 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes c Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — Law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No Drug-driving law Yes b Not based on BAC c Law refers to a device of the type validated by the licensing authority to restrain children under 14 years Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 266 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed b y q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth an d Ch ild Ca re . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Trac Safety Council of Zimbabwe, Ministry of Transport and Infrastructural Development Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for June 2017 1 198 584 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 953 852 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 46 734 Heavy trucks 123 706 Buses 15 007 Other 59 285 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 721 a (56% M, 44% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 5 601 (95% CI 4 602 - 6 599) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 34.7 a Zimbabwe Republic Police. Died within 30 days of crash Zimbabwe Population: 16 150 362 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 940 Trends in reported road tra c deathsDeaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 12% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 14% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 10% Pedestrians 14% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 18% Drivers and passengers of buses 19% Cyclists 12% Source: 2016, Zimbabwe Republic Police Source: Zimbabwe Republic Police 0 5 10 15 20 25 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h b Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b A 120 km/h speed limits applies on roads having a bituminous surface coat of 6 metres or more in width De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 267
SECTION 3 EXPLANATORY NOTES AND STATISTICAL ANNEX EXPLANATORY NOTE 1 METHODOLOGY, DATA COLLECTION, VALIDATION AND ANALYSIS Explanatory Note 1GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 271 Methodology The methodology involved collecting data from a number of different sectors and stakeholders in each country according to the following process. National Data Coordinators (NDCs), who were nominated by their governments, were trained in the project methodology. As representatives of their governments, they were required to identify up to eight other road safety experts within their countries from different sectors (e.g. health, police, transport, nongovernmental organizations and/or academia), to facilitate a consensus meeting with the respondents as well as to support the overall management of data collection process. While each expert responded to the questionnaire based on their expertise, the consensus meeting allowed for discussion of all responses, and the group uUedthiUdiUcuUUiontoaIreeononefinalUetofinforOationthatDeUtrepreUentedtheircountryŨUUituation at the time (up to 2017, using the most recent data available). This was then submitted to the World Health Organization (WHO) (see Figure E1). Figure E1: Methodology Global and regional level coordination National data coordinators Data from publicly accessible databases Legislative data NDC submits legislative document on 7 risk factors Legislative analysis carried out by WHO Headquarters National consensus meeting Global NCAP From the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) Global Health Estimates UN population division World Bank database iRAP One national dataset 1fficialclearance of questionnaire by relevant sector Validation of legislative analysis by NDC Questionnaire data Vehicle standards data Global databases Group of +/-8 respondents from different sectors (e.g. health, police, transport, NGOs or academia) 272 National Data Coordinators were asked to submit laws relating to the key behavioural risk factors1. All legislative documents were analysed by lawyers at WHO headquarters who extracted the relevant information needed to assess legislation against predetermined criteria. The legal analysis was then shared with National Data Coordinators and a validation process was undertaken to resolve any data conflicts through discussion and/or submission of new legal documents. A new addition to this report is the comparison of legislation status between December 2014 and December 2017 which gives an indication of the pace and nature of legislative changes for the behavioural risk factors reviewed. To ensure the accuracy of the comparison made, the situation at December 2014 was re-evaluated against relevant additional information and documents received in the GSRRS4 data collection process using harmonized interpretation methods. Changes in the legal data published in last report are detailed in the revision guide available at http://www. who.int/violence_injury_prevention/road_safety_status/2018/en. The methodology used to collect information on vehicle standards was also consistent with the previous report and based on information from the UN World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations2 and interpreted with technical support from Global New Car Assessment Programme (Global NCAP).3 The report includes data from 175 countries/areas out of a total of 195, covering 7.3 billion people (98.1% QHtheYQrNdŨspQpuNCtiQP 6hisiPcNudeshiIhiPcQOecQuPtriesOiddNeiPcQOecQuPtriesCPdǡNQY iPcQOecQuPtries see6CDNe' &CtCQPNeIisNCtiQPCPdpQNiciesrepresePtthecQuPtr[ŨssituCtiQPCsQH ǡ&eceODerYhiNedCtCQPHCtCNitiesCPdXehicNereIistrCtiQPCreHQrQrtheOQstrecePt[eCr for which these data were available. Table E1: Participation in the Global status report on road safety 2018 Region Number of participating countries Number of countries in region % population participating African Region 44 47 93.7 Region of the Americas 30 35 98.2 Eastern Mediterranean Region 19 22 95.5 European Region 51 53 99.9 South-East Asian Region 10 11 98.7 9esterP2Ccific4eIiQP 21 27 99.9 WORLD 175 195 98.1 1 These behavioural risk factors are speed, drink-driving, drug-driving, the use of mobile phones while driving, failure to use motorcycle helmets, seat-belts and child restraints 2 The UN World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations (World Forum the global body responsible for the development of passenger car safety standards), http://www.unece.org/trans/main/wp29/introduction.html 3 Global NCAP is a British organization that conducts testing programmes that will assess the safety of motor vehicles, http://www.globalncap.org/ 273 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Explanatory Note 1 Data collection and validation Questionnaire data The questionnaire used for this report was based on the questionnaire used in the previous report. However, some questions were modified to improve the quality of responses and some were added or deleted. The questionnaire can be downloaded with an accompanying instruction booklet on http://www.who.int/ violence_injury_prevention/road_safety_status/2018/methodology/en/. The questionnaire, protocol and accompanying guidelines and training materials were all available in the six WHO languages (Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish). Where needed, NDCs coordinated the translation of these documents into local languages and then translated back into English for the data entry stage. All data were entered into an on-line database from where data could be extracted for analysis. Data collection began in May 2016 and was completed by December 2017. Data validation involved verifying the data against source documents where available and checking for logical inconsistencies. Discrepancies were referred back to the National Data Coordinators where possible for resolution. Following the validation process, the questionnaire data was submitted by the National Data Coordinator to an online database. Final questionnaires were generated from the online data and were sent to respective governments for review and sign-off. Fatality data Estimates on number of road traffic deaths relied in part on data from questionnaires as well as from other sources (see Explanatory Note 3). However, countries/areas were also asked to provide a breakdown of deaths by road user type. These proportions (where available) are reflected in the country profiles (see Explanatory Note 2) and were derived from: ´ Country reported data in the current questionnaire; ´ If not available from questionnaires, data that countries reported for the previous reports were used. These values were then aggregated into regional and global estimates of deaths by road user type. 274 Legislative data and maps 6hisrepQrtcQNNectediPHQrOCtiQPQPCPuODerQHXCriCDNesreNCtiPItQNeIisNCtiQPQPthefiXeMe[DehCXiQurCN risk factors (speed, drink-driving, failure to use helmets, seat-belts and child restraints) as well as on two emerging risk factors, drug-driving and the use of mobile phones while driving. Criteria analysed for each risk factor are detailed in Table E2 while the interpretation methods for each risk HCctQrCredetCiNediP'ZpNCPCtQr[0QteQPthecQuPtr[prQfiNes The information collected was presented in various ways including: ´ %QuPtr[prQfiNesrepresePtiPICsuOOCr[QHiPHQrOCtiQPHQreCchcQuPtr[ ´ Statistical annex, representing the full data set for each country; ´ Legislative maps, showing an overview of the situation worldwide for each risk factor. In order to code the countries for the legislative maps, three categories were used: ´ Countries4 whose national laws meet all the criteria for best practice: shown in green – criteria considered as representing best practices in light of available evidence5 are highlighted, for each risk factor, in green in Table E2; ´ Countries4 whose national laws are encouraging but where additional efforts are needed for best practice to be met: shown in yellow; ´ Countries4 whose national laws require strong steps to be taken in order to improve their legislation: shown in red. 4 Or, in countries where laws are set at subnational level, where 80% of subnational entities meet selected criteria, except for The Federated States of Micronesia where the threshold was set at 75% as there are 4 subnational entities 2edeP/etCNeditQrs9QrNdrepQrtQPrQCdtrCHficiPLur[preXePtiQP)ePeXC9QrNd*eCNthOrICPi\CtiQP 275 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Explanatory Note 1 Vehicle standard data Data on vehicle standards were collected using information from the UN World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations, the primary global body responsible for the development of passenger car safety. Technical support on analysing and interpreting this data was provided by Global NCAP7. Note that while these data are based on international regulations, in some countries where national regulations are considered to be equivalent to the UN standards (US, Canada, Republic of Korea, China, India, Brazil) these data are used instead. The data collected were based on the following eight variables: ´ Frontal impact: UN regulation 94. Note that US regulation 208 is considered equivalent. ´ Side impact: UN regulation 95. Note that US regulation 214 is considered equivalent. ´ 'NectrQPic5tCDiNit[%QPtrQN 70reIuNCtiQP*0QtethCt75reIuNCtiQP(/855iscQPsideredeSuiXCNePt ´ Pedestrian protection: UN Regulation 127 ´ 5eCtDeNts 70reIuNCtiQP0QtethCt75reIuNCtiQP(/855iscQPsideredeSuiXCNePt ´ Seat-belt anchorages: UN regulation 14. Note that US regulation FMVSS 210 is considered equivalent. ´ Child restraints: UN regulations 44 and 129. Note that US regulation FMVSS213 is considered equivalent. ´ Motorcycle anti-lock braking system UN Regulation 78. More information on each of these regulations is included in Section 3. Data on the three variables considered to be particularly important among these seven (frontal impact, electronic stability control and pedestrian prQtectiQP CreiPcNudediPthecQuPtr[prQfiNes6hereOCiPiPIXCriCDNesCreshQYPiPthe6CDNe#QHthe statistical annex. *QstedD[the7Pited0CtiQPs'cQPQOic%QOOissiQPHQr'urQpe 70'%' the709QrNd(QruOHQr*CrOQPi\CtiQPQH8ehicNe4eIuNCtiQPs 9QrNd(QruOthe global body responsible for the development of passenger car safety standards). http://www.unece.org/trans/main/wp29/introduction.html 7 Global New Car Assessment Programme (Global NCAP) is a British organization that conducts testing programmes that will assess the safety of motor vehicles. http://www.globalncap.org/ 276 Table E2: Legislative criteria assessed relating to seven behavioural risk factors Risk factors Legislative criteria assessed Speed National speed law in place Speed limits on urban roads ≤ 50 km/h Local authorities have the power to modify national speed limits Speed limit on rural roads Speed limits on motorways Drink-driving National drink-driving law in place Drink-driving law is based on BAC or equivalent BrAC BAC limit for general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit for young/ novice drivers ≤ 0.02 g/dl BAC limit for commercial/ professional drivers Motorcycle helmets National motorcycle helmet law in place Law applies to motorcycle drivers and adult passengers Law applies to all road types Law applies to all engine types Law requires helmet to be properly fastened Law refers to and/or specifies a helmet standard Law restricts child passengers on motorcycles Seat-belts National seat-belt law in place Law applies to drivers and front seat passengers Law applies to rear seat passengers Child restraints National child restraint law in place Law requires child restraint use at least until 10 yrs /135cm Law refers to and/or specifies a child restraint standard Law restricts children under a certain age or height from sitting in front seat Drug-driving National Drug-driving law in place Mobile phones National law on mobile phone while driving is in place Law applies to hand-held phones Law applies to hands-free phones Risk factors Criteria representing best practices Additional criteria presented in the country profile and/or the statistical annex
EXPLANATORY NOTE 2 COUNTRY PROFILES Explanatory Note 2GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 279 6hecQuPtr[prQfiNesshQYPQPpCIespresePtCseNectiQPQHcQreiPHQrOCtiQPCDQutrQCdsCHet[ CsrepQrtedD[eCchQHthepCrticipCtiPIcQuPtries/CreCs6hecQuPtr[prQfiNesCrepresePtediPCNphCDeticCN order. Additional national data can also be found in the Tables of the Statistical Annexes (Tables A2–A12). Data reported for population were extracted from the United Nations Population Division database8ǡ YhiNe IrQssPCtiQPCNiPcQOe )0+ percCpitCHQrthe[eCrcCOeHrQO9QrNd$CPMestiOCtes9ǡ 9herePQ dCtCYereCXCiNCDNeHQrpuDNisheddCtCHQrtheNCtest[eCrYereused6he9QrNd$CPM#tNCsOethQd was used to categorize GNI into bands thus: ´ .QYiPcQOe 75ǡQrNess ´ /iddNeiPcQOe 75ǡtQ75ǡ ´ *iIhiPcQOe 75ǡQrOQre Flags were obtained from the World Flag Database10. Flags and country names were the latest available CtthetiOeQHfiPCNi\iPItherepQrt 5epteODer 6hesectiQPsDeNQYreHNecttheYC[iPHQrOCtiQPisstructurediPeCchQHthe%QuPtr[2rQfiNes6he[iPcNude details on how data on certain variables are presented and should be interpreted. Variables were coded CsūťŬiHtheiPHQrOCtiQPYCsuPCXCiNCDNeQrPQPCppNicCDNeQriHrespQPdePtshCdticMedCū&QPŨtMPQYŬ response. Dates provided for data sources refer to the year in which these data were published, rather than the year that the data relate to, unless indicated otherwise. Data collected by questionnaire were submitted through a consensus meeting (unless otherwise indicated). 'CchcQuPtr[prQfiNeiPdicCtesthe/iPistr[thCtCpprQXedthisSuestiQPPCiredCtC uPNessQtherYiseiPdicCted &CtCQPNeIisNCtiQPYereDCsedQP9*OŨsCssessOePtCPdeZtePsiXeXCNidCtiQPQHthisiPHQrOCtiQPYith 0CtiQPCN&CtC%QQrdiPCtQrsCNthQuIhitYCsPQtQHficiCNN[cNeCredD[theIQXerPOePt/iPistr[ 8 Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat (June 2017). World population Prospects: The 2017 Revision, Highlights. New York: United Nations 9 World Development Indicators database, World Bank, November 2017 http://databank.worldbank.org/data/download/site-content/CLASS.xls 10 http://www.flags.net 280 Institutional framework A lead agency is considered to be the institution (either stand alone, or within a Ministry) that coordinates road safety at a national level. Information on the existence of a national road safety strategy is indicated as “Yes” or “No”. Where countries have multiple national strategies on road safety this is always represented as “Yes”. Where countries indicated they have a fatality reduction target, information on this target is included as well as the relevant time period. Specific fatality targets are indicated either as absolute numbers of deaths, or as a rate per 100 000 population or per vehicle registered, depending on availability. Safer roads and mobility ´ Information on audits or star rating of new road infrastructure projects is reported as “Yes”, “No”, or Partial. ´ Information on inspections/star ratings of existing road infrastructure projects is reported as “Yes” or “No”. Yes responses where those where respondents answered Yes for existence of formal road safety inspections and/or existence of star rating assessments. Those countries for which respondents answered Yes only for existence of maintenance safety inspections are reported as No. ´ Design standards for the safety of pedestrians and cyclists is reported as “Yes”, “No”, or “Partial”. “Yes” responses included the provision of the following: Managing speed to safe system outcomes (e.g. 20 mph or 30 km/h); Safe crossings for pedestrians and cyclists; and Separation of pedestrians and cyclists from vehicular traffic. If 1-2 of the provisions were met, responses are reflected as “Partial”. Safer vehicles Total registered vehicles for 2016: Information about the total number of vehicles in the country includes only registered vehicles, and various categories of such vehicles. This is a cumulative number of vehicles in circulation in 2016 (or the most recent year for which data were available) not the number of vehicles brought into circulation in a particular year. In some cases where new data were not available, the figure from the 2015 Global status report has been used and footnoted to indicate this source. In a few countries the number of vehicles in subcategories did not add up to the total number provided. In some countries, respondents noted that a substantial proportion of the vehicle fleet may not be registered. 281 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Explanatory Note 2 Vehicle standards applied: Information on vehicle standards presented in this report is derived from UNECE11 and comprise the following: ´ Frontal impact standard (UN Regulation 94 or equivalent national standard), an important minimum standard for crashworthiness; ´ Electronic stability control and anti-skid system (Regulation 13H or GTR 8), relevant to crash avoidance; ´ Pedestrian protection (Regulation 127 or GTR 9), important for protection of non-car occupants involved in a crash; and ´ Motorcycle anti-lock braking system (Regulation 78) which help the rider maintain control of the motorcycle vehicle during an emergency braking situation Post-crash care ´ National emergency care access number is reported as “National, single number”, “National multiple number”, and “Partial coverage”. Countries with “National, single number” comprised those that had one single emergency care services access number with total country coverage, and also those having some additional numbers with partial coverage. Countries with “National multiple numbers” comprised those that had multiple emergency care services access numbers that, taken together, provide total country coverage. Countries with “Partial coverage” comprised those that had one or more emergency care services access numbers with partial country coverage overall with areas of the country remaining uncovered. ´ 6rCuOCreIistr[XCriCDNeiPdicCtesYhetherthereYCsCreIistr[iPpNCceCPdPQtYhetheritYCsreIiQPCNǡ/ national or sentinel in nature. ´ (QrOCNcertificCtiQPpCthYC[HQrprehQspitCNprQXidersreHerstQC)QXerPOePtQr)QXerPOePtePdQrsed pCthYC[HQrOedicstechPiciCPsPursesQrQtherstQDespecificCNN[certifiedCsprehQspitCNprQXiders ´ Assessment of emergency care systems conducted at the national level comprised the comprehensive assessment of the prehospital and facility-based emergency care systems. 11 http://www.unece.org/trans/main/wp29/introduction.html 282 Data ´ Reported numbers of road traffic deaths are included in the Country Profiles, with a footnote to indicate the source of data and the definition of a road traffic death that was used. ´ The estimated number of road traffic deaths is included based on the methodology described in Explanatory Note 3. Where this number was based on a negative binomial regression model, a 95% Confidence Interval is also shown. ´ The estimated rate per 100 000 population is based on the estimated number of road traffic deaths referred to above. ´ Data on the breakdown by sex may be from a different source to the official road traffic data and are converted to proportions. The proportion of deaths where the sex was unknown has not been reported in the profiles. As a result, proportions may not add up to 100% due to remaining proportions being due to cases of unknown sex. Proportions may also not add up to 100% due to rounding off or when partial information was available (indicated in a footnote). ´ Reported fatality data from different countries are not necessarily comparable, as different definitions and timeframes have been used (these are noted in the footnotes or in brackets behind the data). However, the WHO estimates (both absolute numbers and rate per 100 000) allow for comparisons between countries. For more information on the fatality data see Explanatory Note 3. ´ The standard colour coding of the pie charts used to represent road user deaths in the categories requested in the questionnaire is shown below. Additional categories are represented by non-standard colours as indicated in the specific Country Profiles. ´ Graphs on reported road traffic fatality trends are shown either as road traffic death rates per 100 000 population (solid line) or as an absolute number of road traffic deaths (dotted line), depending on which data were supplied by the country. While many countries track decades’ worth of trend data, only a 10-year period is depicted here. ´ For countries providing less than 5 years’ road traffic fatality trend data, this information is presented in a tabular format instead of a graph. 283 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Explanatory Note 2 ´ For countries with small populations where the numbers of deaths are under 50, absolute numbers of deaths rather than rates are shown. Note that in cases where data were only available for regions within a country, this information is indicated in a footnote. Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles Occupants 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers Drivers motorized 2- or 3-wheelers Pillion riders Cyclists Pedestrians Drivers/passengers heavy trucks Drivers/passengers buses Other/uspecified Drivers (all vehicles) Passengers (all vehicles) Drivers and passengers (all vehicles) Safer road users Data provided in this section is extracted from the questionnaire and the legislative analysis undertaken by WHO Headquarters in collaboration with NDCs. Enforcement: respondents were asked, as individuals, to rate the effectiveness of enforcement of various elements of national road safety legislation based on their professional opinion or perception. These responses – on a scale of 0 to 10, where 0 is “not effective” and 10 is “highly effective” – are reflected here. A median of these scores is presented. Median enforcement figures are rounded off. It should be noted that these scores are subjective and should be seen only as an indication of how enforcement is perceived in the country. Many respondents expressed difficulty in assessing law enforcement at a national level since it often varies from region to region within a country and the intensity of the enforcement may vary at different times. Some countries did not wish to provide enforcement scores. Speed: Speed limits reported here (and in the statistical tables) are the default speed limits on urban roads, rural roads and motorways for private passenger cars. The speed limits have been, where needed, converted to kilometres per hour. ‘Default speed limit’ was interpreted as the maximum speed limit applying in normal circumstances (regardless of weather, roadworks, special events, etc.) on the road type considered. 284 #srQCdcNCssificCtiQPsXCr[IreCtN[HrQOcQuPtr[tQcQuPtr[0CtiQPCN&CtC%QQrdiPCtQrsYereCsMedtQ cQPfirOQrcQrrectspeedNiOitsrepQrtediPtheNeICNCPCN[sisHQrthediHHerePtt[pesQHrQCdsCccQrdiPItQthe defiPitiQPsusediPthecQuPtr[cQPcerPed+PcQuPtriesYhere0CtiQPCN&CtC%QQrdiPCtQrshCXeiPdicCted that motorways do not exist in their country, this is noted with a footnote. In some countries, the legislation does not articulate speed limits by road type but only by vehicle type. +PthesecQuPtriesthespeedNiOitprQXidedHQrpriXCtepCssePIercCrsisrepQrtediPthecQuPtr[prQfiNeCPd statistical annex for all road types, with a footnote indicating that this is a speed limit set per vehicle type and not based on the road type. The criterion «local authorities able to modify speed limit» is answered Yes if the speed limit can be altered at NQcCNNeXeNiPCP[YC[ decreCsedCPd/QriPcreCsed 6hedefiPitiQPQHNQcCNCuthQritiesisiPterpretedDrQCdN[ as any entity that is not from the central system of government (i.e. not from a national ministry) having a jurisdiction over a local area whether the local area is a region, a province, a district, a department or a city. This criterion is automatically answered Yes for countries in which laws are set at subnational level if at least 80% of subnational entities of the country have set their own speed laws.12 Drink-driving: Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) limits (or breath alcohol limits converted to BAC limits) refer to the maximum amount of alcohol legally acceptable in the blood of a driver on the road – i.e. theDNQQdCNcQhQNNeXeNCDQXeYhichCdriXerOC[DepuPishedD[NCY6hisfiIureisprQXidedHQrtheIePerCN population, and for young/novice drivers in grams per decilitre (g/dl). This survey gathered information on drink-driving laws regardless of the legal status of alcohol in the country. Where alcohol consumption was NeICNN[prQhiDitediPCcQuPtr[CsrepQrtediPthefiPCNcQuPtr[SuestiQPPCirethisisiPdicCtedD[CHQQtPQte BAC limits are reported with a dash (“—”) for countries that have a drink-driving law that is not based on blood (or equivalent breath) alcohol concentration, and with a corresponding footnote. ´ 6heuseQHrCPdQODreCthtestiPIisiPdicCtedDCsedQPcQuPtriesŨrepQrtsQHYhetherQrPQtsuchtestiPI iscCrriedQutiPprCctice6hQsecQuPtriesYhereNeIisNCtiQPspecificCNN[prQhiDitspriOCr[ePHQrceOePt of drink-driving laws, and thus random breath testing, are indicated as such in a footnote. ´ Deaths attributable to drink-driving were included only when the estimate was based on a published source. In many cases these are not national estimates (as indicated in the source). These estimates are rounded up. 12 Or in the case of Micronesia (Federated States of), if at least 75% of the subnational entities have enacted speed laws 285 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Explanatory Note 2 Motorcycle helmets: A country is interpreted as having a helmet law covering all riders where the law requires helmet use for both the driver and the (adult) passenger, on all road types and for all types of motorcycles (regardless of engine type). A reference to « riders » in the law is understood to include both drivers and passengers. Countries where helmet laws apply only to certain types of roads, at certain times or in certain areas were interpreted as not providing sufficient coverage to be considered as applying to all drivers and passengers. The criteria «Law refers to and/or specifies a helmet standard» is answered Yes if the law refers to: ´ a specific standard (such as ECE 22 or a national standard), or ´ an authority in charge of setting such a standard, or ´ regulations or rules to specify or develop a standard. Information on the actual adoption of the regulations prescribing a helmet standard was not always available; in case where the NDCs indicated that the standard had not yet been set, a corresponding footnote was included in the country profile. The criteria « children passengers on motorcycles » shows whether a country restricts children as passengers on motorcycles and if yes, for what age group. For information on motorcycle helmet rates (derived from the final country questionnaires), these data were included only when a published source was indicated. The most disaggregated data are presented here, i.e. separate figures are provided for drivers and passengers where this information was provided. Note that the information provided for drivers and passengers does not necessarily represent the same year, nor come from the same source, as indicated in the corresponding footnotes. The data on passenger rates refer to adult passengers unless otherwise indicated. In many cases these are not national estimates (as indicated in the source). Seat-belts: A country is interpreted as having a seat-belt law covering all occupants where the law requires seat-belt use for the driver, front seat passenger and rear seat passengers at all times and on all roads. Countries where seat-belt laws apply only at certain times or on certain roads were interpreted as having a national seat belt law not applying to all occupants. 286 For information on seat-belt wearing rates (derived from the final country questionnaires), these data were included only when a published source was indicated. Where available, information on wearing rates disaggregated by front and rear seat occupants was used. Where respondents provided explanatory information on these data, for example, a source or information on geographical coverage, this information is summarized in the footnotes. Note that the information provided for front seat and rear seat occupants does not necessarily represent the same year, nor come from the same source, as indicated in the corresponding footnotes. Child restraints: A country is interpreted as having a child restraint law where the country requires the mandatory use of child restraint systems for an identified group of children based on either their height and/or their age and/or their weight. Child restraints include rear-facing child restraints, forward facing child restraints as well as booster seats. Regular (adult) seat-belts, on their own, are not counted as appropriate child restraints. Countries whose legislation required that children within a certain age group/height be restrained either by a seat-belt or in a child restraint use were reported as not having a child restraint law for this age group/height. Countries that referred to child restraint use for children seated in the front only (and not in the rear) were reported as not having a child restraint law. Countries that referred to either child restraint use or “other means” were considered as not meeting the criteria “standard”, and this detail was reflected in a footnote in the country profile. The age and/or height reported for the criteria “child restraint required” corresponds to the period for which only child restraint systems are allowed to restrain children (i.e. no other form of restraint is allowed such as seat-belts only, “other means” etc.). The criterion «Law refers to and/or specifies a standard» is answered Yes if the law refers to: ´ a specific standard (such as ECE 44 or ECE 129), or ´ an authority in charge of setting such a standard, or ´ regulations or rules to specify or develop a standard. Information on the actual adoption of the regulations prescribing a standard was not always available; in case where the NDCs indicated that the standard had not yet been set, a corresponding footnote was included in the country profile. 287 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Explanatory Note 2 The criterion « children seated in front » shows whether a country restricts children as passengers in the front seat and if so, what is the restriction set (complete ban, or subject to placing the child in a restraint) and for which age group. Information on rates of child restraint use (derived from the final country questionnaires) are presented when a source was provided for the estimate and are included in the most disaggregated form available. Most countries that provided this data, however, had data on children in restraints that was not broken down by age group. Note that where multiple studies are available this information does not necessarily represent the same year, nor come from the same source, as indicated in the corresponding footnotes. References 1. Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat (June 2017). World population Prospects: The 2017 Revision, Highlights. New York: United Nations. 2. World Development Indicators database, World Bank, November 2017. http://databank.worldbank.org/data/reports.aspx?source=World-Development-Indicators EXPLANATORY NOTE 3 ESTIMATION OF TOTAL ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS Explanatory Note 3GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 289 Background During the process of preparing the fourth Global status report on road safety, WHO generated estimates QHrQCdtrCHficdeCthsHQrHQrCNN/eODer5tCtes4QCdtrCHficdeCthsYereestiOCtedD[DuiNdiPIQP the methods used in the third global report by improving and updating the database of vital registration, the data collection instrument (survey) and the database of the covariates for regressions. These estimates were used to generate regional and global estimates, while estimates for individual countries are included in the report only for the 175 countries that participated in the survey. Death registration information is submitted to WHO regularly by Ministries of Health from around the world, CPdOQstiscQdedusiPIthe+PterPCtiQPCN%NCssificCtiQPQH&iseCsesth or 10th revisions (1, 2, 3). Using this cNCssificCtiQPCNNdeCthsthCtHQNNQYHrQOCrQCdtrCHficdeCthCrecQuPtedCssuchreICrdNessQHthetiOe periQdiPYhichthe[Qccur uPNiMeOCP[QHficiCNrQCdtrCHficsurXeiNNCPcedCtCsQurcesYhererQCdtrCHfic deCthdCtCCreDCsedQPCdC[defiPitiQPHQNNQYiPICrQCdtrCHficcrCsh 9*OCppNiescertCiPcriteriCtQ ascertain the quality of this death registration data and where the death registration data were considered to be of high quality these data were used for this report13. For those countries without such good vital registration data, and for which other sources of information on causes of death were unavailable14, the estimates were based on covariates (some collected in the surXe[QH/eODer5tCtesQthersHrQOCXCiNCDNepuDNishedsQurces 6hereIressiQPOQdeNsYerefittedtQ dCtCHQrtheperiQdŤCtiOeseriesHQreCchcQXCriCteYCsusedHQrthisperiQdHQreCch/eODer 5tCtes6heiOprQXedreIressiQPOQdeNestiOCtedrQCdtrCHficdeCths CNNCIesDQthseZes CsCHuPctiQPQH a set of covariates that include measures of economic development, road transport factors and legislation, road use and safety governance/enforcement and health system access. Due to the availability of new data, and updated time series for many covariates used in the regression, estiOCtesHQrtheHuNNtiOeserieshCXeDeePreXised*ePcethe9*OestiOCtesCrePQtdirectN[ comparable to previous WHO estimates published in the previous global status reports on road safety (4, 5). 6heestiOCtiQPrepresePtstheDestestiOCtesQH9*OHQrHCtCNitiesthCtQccurredduriPICPd earlier years, based on the evidence available up to September 2018. These estimates are not necessarily theQHficiCNestiOCtesQH/eODer5tCtesHQrthCt[eCrCPdCrePQtPecessCriN[ePdQrsedD[/eODer5tCtes However, during the preparation of the report a consultation letter was sent to each Member State that 13 For details on criteria used to assess quality of vital registration data see reference 3 and Explanatory Note in references 4 and 5. 14 However, in some countries other sources of information on deaths were used: where total deaths reported from the national surveillance system were greater than the deaths estimated from the regression or from the death registration data, these were used. 290 participated in this fourth Global status report on road safety explaining the methodology used during this estimation process and the latest data used for this purpose. In order to allow global and regional comparisons to previous years, the global and regional estimates for previous years were recalculated based on the new data and methods used for 2016. Approaches to estimation As in the second and third reports, there are four groups of countries and the estimation methodology for each group is described in detail below. 1. Countries with death registration data This group includes 86 countries with death registration data meeting the following completeness criteria: completeness for the year estimated at 80% or more, or average completeness for the decade including the country-year was 80% or more. Total road traffic deaths were calculated from the death registration data and population data reported to WHO as follows. Injury deaths classified as “undetermined intent” were redistributed pro-rata across all unintentional and intentional injury categories within age-sex groups. These data were then used to compute age-sex-specific death rates for road traffic deaths. Where completeness was assessed at less than 100%, death rates were adjusted for incompleteness by multiplying by (100/ completeness %). These death rates were applied to the UN estimates of population by 5-year age group and sex (World Population Prospects 2016) to estimate total road traffic deaths for each country-year. These countries fall into three categories: ´ Countries with death registration data for year 2016 where the estimated road traffic deaths for 2016 exceeded number reported from the surveillance system. The death-registration based estimate is used. This category contains 9 countries. ´ Countries where the latest death registration data submitted to WHO is earlier than 2015 but not earlier than 2007. Deaths in year 2016 were estimated based on a projection of the most recent death registration data using the trends in reported surveillance data: this category contains 54 countries. ´ Countries where the reported number of road traffic deaths adjusted to unlimited time for 2016 exceeded the estimate based on death registration data. For 23 countries, the reported road traffic deaths were used for year 2016. 291 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Explanatory Note 3 2. Countries with other sources of information on causes of death For India, Thailand and Viet Nam, data on total deaths by cause were available for a single year or very few earlier years. These data sources are documented in Annex B of the Global Burden of Disease: 2004 update report (WHO 2008) and as well as some more recent studies submitted to WHO. For these countries, the regression method described below was used to project forward from the most recent year for which an estimate of total road traffic deaths was available. 3. Countries with populations less than 150 000 For 9 small countries with populations less than 150 000 and which did not have eligible death registration data, regression estimates were not used. The reported deaths were used directly without adjustment. 4. Countries without eligible death registration data For these countries without death registration data at least 80% complete and with populations greater than 150 000, a regression model was used to estimate total road traffic deaths. As for the first report, we used a negative binomial regression model, appropriate for modeling non-negative integer count data (number of road traffic deaths) (Law 2009, Hilbe 2007). A likelihood ratio test was used to assess that the negative binomial model provided a better fit to the data than a Poisson model (where the variance of the data is constrained to equal the mean). (1) lnN = C + β1X1 + β2X2 + ... + βnXn + lnPop + ε where N is the total road traffic deaths (for a country-year), C is a constant term, Xi are a set of explanatory covariates, Pop is the population for the country-year, and ε is the negative binomial error term. Population was used as exposure, making it possible to interpret the coefficients (βi) for the independent variables as effects on rates rather than a count. In a previous study, this type of model was used to represent «accident proneness» (Greenwood and Yule, 1920). Karlaftis and Tarko (1998) have also found a negative binomial regression model to be the appropriate for count data such as road traffic fatalities. The parameters β1, β2, β3 ··· βn (equation 1) were estimated by fitting the negative binomial regression model to estimated total road traffic deaths for all country-years in the range 2000-2016 meeting the completeness criteria. by using the number of road of traffic deaths from countries from group 1 described above. We chose three models (Models A, B and C) that had good in-sample- and out-of-sample fit, and for 292 which all the covariates were statistically significant and overall estimation is the average of the prediction of these three best models. The table below describes the covariates used for our model: Table E3: Covariates used in the model Independent variables Description Source of information Included in models ln (GDP) World Development Indicators 2017) and WHO estimates of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita (international dollars or purchasing power parity dollars, 2011 base) World bank and WHO database Models A, B, C ln (vehicles per capita) Total vehicles per 1000 persons GSRRS surveys and WHO database Models A, B, C Road density Total roads (km) per 1000 hectares International Futures database Models A, B, C National speed limits on rural roads The maximum national speed limits on rural roads (km/h) from WHO questionnaire GSRRS survey Models A, B, C National speed limits on urban roads The maximum national speed limits on urban roads (km/h) from WHO questionnaire GSRRS survey Models A, B, C Health system access Health system access variable (principal component score based on a set of coverage indicators for each country) Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation dataset Models A, B, C Alcohol apparent consumption Liters of alcohol (recorded plus unrecorded) per adult aged 15+ WHO database Models A, B, C Population working Proportion of population aged 15–64 years World Population Prospects 2017 revision Models A, B, C Percentage motorbikes Per cent of total vehicles that are motorbikes GSRRS survey Model B Corruption index Control of corruption index (units range from about -2.5 to +2.5 with higher values corresponding to better control of corruption World Bank (Kaufmann et al 2009), International Futures database Model B National policies for walking /cycling Existence of national policies that encourage walking and / or cycling GSRRS survey Model C Population Total population (used as offset in negative binomial regression World Population Prospects 2016 revision (UNDESA) Models A, B, C 293 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Explanatory Note 3 Table E4: Overview of methods used to obtain comparable country estimates Estimation method Country GROUP 1 Countries/areas with good death registration data Argentina, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China (14, 15), Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechia, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Estonia, Fiji, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Guyana, Hungary, Iceland, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Maldives, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Montenegro, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Oman, Panama, Paraguay, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Republic of Korea, Republic of Moldova, Romania, Russian Federation, Saint Lucia, Serbia, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), West Bank and Gaza Strip GROUP 2 Countries with other sources of cause of death information India (16,17,18), Thailand, Viet Nam GROUP 3 Countries with populations less than 150 000 Antigua and Barbuda, Cook Islands, Dominica, Grenada, Kiribati, Micronesia (Federated States of), San Marino, Seychelles, Tonga GROUP 4 Countries without eligible death registration data Afghanistan, Albania, Angola, Armenia, Bangladesh, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cabo Verde, Cambodia, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Honduras, Indonesia, Iraq, Jordan, Kenya, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Mauritania, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Rwanda, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Sudan, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Syrian Arab Republic, Tajikistan, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, United Republic of Tanzania, Vanuatu, Zimbabwe 294 References 1. World Health Organization. International Classification of Diseases – 9th Revision. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1975. 2. World Health Organization. International Classification of Diseases – 10th Revision. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1990. 3. The global burden of disease: 2004 update. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2008 (http://www. who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/2004_report_update/en/ , accessed 15 September 2015). 4. Global status report on road safety: time for action. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2009. 5. Global status report on road safety 2013 Supporting a Decade of Action. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2013.Global status report on road safety 2015. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2015 6. Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat (June 2013). World population Prospects: The 2012 Revision, Highlights. New York: United Nations. 7. Law TH. The effects of political governance, policy measures and economic growth on the Kuznets relationship in motor vehicle crash deaths. Ph.D thesis, University of London, 2009. 8. Hilbe JM. Negative Binomial Regression. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2007. 9. Greenwood M. Yule GU. An enquiry into the nature of frequency distributions representative of multiple happenings with particular reference to the occurrence of multiple attacks of disease or of repeated accidents. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society (Series A), 1920, 83, 255-279. 10. Karlaftis MG., Tarko AP. Heterogeneity considerations in accident modeling. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 1998, 30:425-433. 295 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Explanatory Note 3 11. The International Futures (IFs) modeling system, version 6.5.4. Frederick S. Pardee Center for International Futures, Josef Korbel School of International Studies, University of Denver, www.ifs.du.edu. 12. Myerson R et al. Safe pregnancy and delivery: a systematic analysis of the trends in the coverage of antenatal and intrapartumcare. Presentation at Global Health Metrics and Evaluation Conference 2011: Controversies, Innovation, Accountability, Seattle, Washington, 14–16 March 2011. 13. Kaufmann D, Kraay A, Mastruzzi M. Governance Matters VIII: Governance Indicators for 1996-2008. World Bank Policy Research. 2009 14. Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 全国疾病监测系统死 因监测数据集 [National Disease Surveillance System monitoring causes of death 2012]. Beijing, Military Medical Science Press, 2013. 15. Vital registration data received from Center for Health Statistics and Information Ministry of Healthy, Beijing, China. 16. Causes of death in India in 2001–2003. New Delhi, Registrar General of India, Government of India, 2009. 17. Aleksandrowicz L, Malhotra V, Dikshit R, Gupta P, Kumar R, Sheth J, Rathi S, Suraweera W, Miasnikof P, Jotkar R, Sinha D, Awasthi S, Bhatia P, Jha P. Performance criteria for verbal autopsy-based systems to estimate national causes of death: development and application to the Indian Million Death Study. BMC Medicine 2014, 12:21 18. Registrar General of India and the Centre for Global Health Research. Causes of Death Statistics for India 2010-2013. A Joint Report of the Registrar General of India and the Centre for Global Health Research. Government of India Ministry of Home Affairs – Sample Registration System, 2015. (http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011- common/Sample_Registration_System.html) STATISTICAL ANNEX 297 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 TABLE A1: NATIONAL DATA COORDINATORS BY COUNTRY / AREA AND WHO REGION Country / Area Region Name of National data coordinator(s) Angola Africa Noélia Loureiro Teixeira Benin Africa Ismaël Mohamed Hoteyi Botswana Africa Amos Kgwefane Motshegwe Burkina Faso Africa Casimir Sanon Burundi Africa Godefroid Kamwenubusa Cabo Verde Africa António Joao Gomes dos Santos Cameroon Africa Christophe Abouna Central African Republic Africa Paul Balekouzou Chad Africa Mahamat Gocke Comoros Africa Nassif Kaissane Congo Africa Yoga Itoua Yoyo Ambianzi Côte d’Ivoire Africa Tidjane Amadou Kamagate Democratic Republic of the Congo Africa Christophe Mwaluka Equatorial Guinea Africa Salvador Emana Edu Eritrea Africa Kahsay Araya Ghebretensae Eswatini Africa Nokuthula Mahlalela Ethiopia Africa Ebriza Mudesir Gabon Africa Vladimir Soami Gambia Africa Essa Drammeh Ghana Africa Gabriel Adu-Sarpong Guinea Africa Luc Kezely Beavogui Guinea-Bissau Africa Cristovao Manjuba Kenya Africa Gladwell Gathecha Lesotho Africa Sejojo Phaaroe Liberia Africa Fulton Shannon II Madagascar Africa Eulalie Razafindranazy Malawi Africa Jones Kaponda Masiye Mali Africa Ousmane Maiga Mauritania Africa Moussa Abdellahi Mauritius Africa Mahmad Saeed Jewon Mozambique Africa Napoleao Salomao Sumbane Namibia Africa Laina Shigwedha Niger Africa Abdou Abdoul-Aziz Nigeria Africa Kayode Olagunju Rwanda Africa Dominique Rurangirwa Sao Tome and Principe Africa Celso Matos Senegal Africa Bineta Sene Seychelles Africa Patrick Andre South Africa Africa Refilwe Mongale South Sudan Africa Komuri Lea Muja Ayub Togo Africa Kossi Dzinyefa Atabuh Uganda Africa Benedict Byamugisha 298 Country / Area Region Name of National data coordinator(s) United Republic of Tanzania Africa Tabitha Makaranga Zimbabwe Africa Lee Nkala Antigua and Barbuda Americas Valarie Williams Argentina Americas Veronica Heler Barbados Americas Denise Carter Taylor Belize Americas Jesse Chun Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Americas Ana María Suxo Brazil Americas Cheila Marina de Lima Canada Americas Paul Boase Chile Americas Carla Medina Aros Colombia Americas Andrea Acero Álvarez Costa Rica Americas Teresa Guzmán Cuba Americas Yania Pla Ramírez Dominica Americas Shalauddin Ahmed Dominican Republic Americas Miguelina Figueroa Ecuador Americas Klever Almerida El Salvador Americas Silvia Argentina Morán de Garcia Grenada Americas Shawn Charles Guatemala Americas Yonni Aguilar Guyana Americas Ramona Doorgen Honduras Americas Dario Roberto Cálix Alvarado Jamaica Americas Andriene Grant Mexico Americas Ricardo Pérez Núñez Panama Americas Rey Fuentes Rodríguez Paraguay Americas Alberto Didier Gonzalez Cabello Peru Americas Joel Gilberto Collazos Carhuay Saint Lucia Americas Phil Leon Suriname Americas Johanna Lakhisaran Trinidad and Tobago Americas Carla Ruiz United States of America Americas Ann Dellinger Uruguay Americas Pablo Posada Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Americas Sarai Patricia Castro Gilly Afghanistan Eastern Mediterranean Adiba Adib Egypt Eastern Mediterranean Ramy Gameel Saied Elnazer Iran (Islamic Republic of) Eastern Mediterranean Mashyaneh Haddadi Iraq Eastern Mediterranean Shakir Kadhim Rubayi Katea Jordan Eastern Mediterranean Mohammad Zaal Mousa Aloudat, Malek Ayed Falah Alhabashneh Kuwait Eastern Mediterranean Jassim Ibrahim Al Kandary Lebanon Eastern Mediterranean Kamel Ibrahim, Ramzi Salamé Libya Eastern Mediterranean Ali Shabban Altounsi Morocco Eastern Mediterranean Ahmad Bardan 299 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Region Name of National data coordinator(s) Oman Eastern Mediterranean Mohamed Said Alyazidi Pakistan Eastern Mediterranean Samra Mazhar Qatar Eastern Mediterranean Thaera Abdulwahid Muslat Saudi Arabia Eastern Mediterranean Faisal Faisal Murdhi Alanazi Somalia Eastern Mediterranean Farhia Qasim Sudan Eastern Mediterranean Fatima Elhassan Eisa Syrian Arab Republic Eastern Mediterranean Taufik Ismail Hasaba Tunisia Eastern Mediterranean Naoufel Somrani, Henda Chebbi United Arab Emirates Eastern Mediterranean Essam M. N. Howayyer West Bank and Gaza Strip Eastern Mediterranean Imad Aldeen Mahmoud Al Masry Albania Europe Gentiana Qirjako Armenia Europe Kristina Gyurjyan Austria Europe Martin Labuda Azerbaijan Europe Rustam Talishinskiy Belarus Europe Aleksandr Beletski Belgium Europe Wouter Van den Berghe Bosnia and Herzegovina Europe Dalibor Pejovic Bulgaria Europe Galia Tsolova Croatia Europe Ivana Brkic Bilos Cyprus Europe Vasos Scoutellas Czechia Europe Alena Švancarová Denmark Europe Lartey G. Lawson Estonia Europe Reigo Ude Finland Europe Riikka Rajamäki France Europe Joel Valmain Georgia Europe Tamar Chachava Germany Europe Horst Schulzes Greece Europe George Yannis Hungary Europe Péter Csizmadia Iceland Europe Gunnar Geir Gunnarsson Ireland Europe John Carroll Israel Europe Kobi Peleg Italy Europe Maria Giuseppina Lecce Kazakhstan Europe Batpenov Nurlan Dzhumagulovich Kyrgyzstan Europe Samatbek Toimatov Latvia Europe Eva Ramuse Lithuania Europe Aida Laukaitienė Luxembourg Europe Scharel Lehners Malta Europe Beatrice Farrugia Montenegro Europe Svetlana Stojanovic Netherlands Europe Peter M. Mak 300 Country / Area Region Name of National data coordinator(s) Norway Europe Guro Ranes Poland Europe Krystian Warda Portugal Europe Miguel Telo de Arriaga Republic of Moldova Europe Tatiana Zatic Petru Romania Europe Bogdan Pop Russian Federation Europe Sergey Alexanrovich Ryzhov San Marino Europe Andrea Gualtieri Serbia Europe Marija Markovic Slovakia Europe Zora Brucháčová Slovenia Europe Andraž Murkovič Spain Europe Martha Molina Olivas Sweden Europe Matts-Åke Belin Switzerland Europe Maja Ouertani Tajikistan Europe Razzakov Abduvali Abdukhamitovich The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Europe Fimka Tozija Turkey Europe Kayhan Keser Turkmenistan Europe Dry Ata Boppyev Ukraine Europe Yuryi Chornyi United Kingdom Europe Mark Bellis Uzbekistan Europe Mirklhakim Azizov Bangladesh South-East Asia Abdul Alim Bhutan South-East Asia Phuntsho Wangdi India South-East Asia Shri K Guite Indonesia South-East Asia Betsy Ernani Maldives South-East Asia Fathimath Shabana Myanmar South-East Asia Aung Thein Htay Nepal South-East Asia Buland Thapa Sri Lanka South-East Asia Premalal Rathnaweera Thailand South-East Asia Nongnuch Thanthithum Timor-Leste South-East Asia Helder Juvinal Neto da Silva Australia Western Pacific Katrina Cristofani Cambodia Western Pacific Hero Kol China Western Pacific Leilei Duan Cook Islands Western Pacific Edwina Tangaroa Fiji Western Pacific Watilala Fonu Japan Western Pacific Mayuyo Mori Kiribati Western Pacific Mweritonga Rubeiariki Lao People’s Democratic Republic Western Pacific Somnuk Mektakul Malaysia Western Pacific Zakira Taib Micronesia (Federated States of) Western Pacific Wincener J. David Mongolia Western Pacific Baatarsuren Purevjav 301 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Region Name of National data coordinator(s) New Zealand Western Pacific Alec Morrison Papua New Guinea Western Pacific Herman Wakia Philippines Western Pacific Agnes Benegas-Segarra Republic of Korea Western Pacific Soyun Park Samoa Western Pacific Rumanusina Maua Singapore Western Pacific Lay Tin Ong Solomon Islands Western Pacific Brian Surimalefo Tonga Western Pacific Kalo Nofoákifolau Vanuatu Western Pacific Jerry Iaruel Viet Nam Western Pacific Do Minh Trung 302 TABLE A2: ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS AND PROPORTION OF ROAD USERS BY COUNTRY / AREA Country / Area General information Road traffic deaths Road traffic deaths Road user death (%) Population numbers for 2016a GNI per capita for 2016 in US dollarsb Income levelc Reported number of road traffic deaths Modelled number of road traffic deathsd Estimated road traffic death rate per 100 000 populationd Drivers/Passengers of 4-wheeled vehicles Drivers / Passengers of 2- or 3- wheelers Cyclists Pedestrians Other or unspecified users Point estimate 95% Confidence Interval Afghanistan ǡǡ Low ǡ ǡ ǡǡ – – – – – Albania ǡǡ ǡ Middle 399 39.4 11.9 7.8 38.7 2.2 Angola ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 0 Antigua and Barbuda ǡ ǡ High 8 8 – 7.9 0 0 Argentina ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 14 47.2 22.2 2.4 8.2 20 Armenia ǡǡ ǡ Middle 499 17.1 0.4 34.8 3.7 Australia ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ – 19.3 2.2 14 Austria ǡǡ ǡ High 432 – 43.8 22 11.1 Azerbaijan ǡǡ ǡ Middle – 8.7 0.9 0.9 42 4.3 Bangladesh ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡe ǡ ǡǡ – – – – – Barbados ǡ ǡ High 9 – 33.3 33.3 0 22.2 11.1 Belarus ǡǡ ǡ Middle 841 – 8.9 9.2 41.3 1 Belgium ǡǡ ǡ High e – 14.4 11.1 12.2 Belize ǡ ǡ Middle 101 104 – 28.3 18.8 19.8 11.9 24.8 24.8 Benin ǡǡ 820 Low e ǡ ǡǡ 0.8 9.1 Bhutan ǡ ǡ Middle 139 17.4 – – – – – Bolivia (Plurinational State of) ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 19.7 17.1 Bosnia and Herzegovina ǡǡ ǡ Middle 318 – – – – – Botswana ǡǡ ǡ Middle 23.8 0 2 24.7 10.2 Brazil ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡe ǡ – 19.7 23.2 31.4 3.4 18.1 24 Bulgaria ǡǡ ǡ Middle 708 730 – 10.2 7.8 4.9 Burkina Faso ǡǡ Low 878 ǡ ǡǡ – – – – – Burundi ǡǡ 280 Low 112e ǡ ǡǡ 34.7 – – – – – Cabo Verde ǡ ǡ Middle 41 – – – – – Cambodia ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 17.8 2.3 8.4 Cameroon ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 30.1 – – – – – Canada ǡǡ ǡ High ǡe ǡ – 10.8 7.2 Central African Republic ǡǡ 370 Low 193 ǡ ǡǡ – – – – – Chad ǡǡ 720 Low ǡf ǡ ǡǡ – – – – – Chile ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ – 42 8.7 7.7 China ǡǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡe ǡ – 18.2 – – – – – Colombia ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 8.4 7.8 303 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area General information Road traffic deaths Road traffic deaths Road user death (%) Population numbers for 2016a GNI per capita for 2016 in US dollarsb Income levelc Reported number of road traffic deaths Modelled number of road traffic deathsd Estimated road traffic death rate per 100 000 populationd Drivers/Passengers of 4-wheeled vehicles Drivers / Passengers of 2- or 3- wheelers Cyclists Pedestrians Other or unspecified users Point estimate 95% Confidence Interval Afghanistan ǡǡ Low ǡ ǡ ǡǡ – – – – – Albania ǡǡ ǡ Middle 399 39.4 11.9 7.8 38.7 2.2 Angola ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 0 Antigua and Barbuda ǡ ǡ High 8 8 – 7.9 0 0 Argentina ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 14 47.2 22.2 2.4 8.2 20 Armenia ǡǡ ǡ Middle 499 17.1 0.4 34.8 3.7 Australia ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ – 19.3 2.2 14 Austria ǡǡ ǡ High 432 – 43.8 22 11.1 Azerbaijan ǡǡ ǡ Middle – 8.7 0.9 0.9 42 4.3 Bangladesh ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡe ǡ ǡǡ – – – – – Barbados ǡ ǡ High 9 – 33.3 33.3 0 22.2 11.1 Belarus ǡǡ ǡ Middle 841 – 8.9 9.2 41.3 1 Belgium ǡǡ ǡ High e – 14.4 11.1 12.2 Belize ǡ ǡ Middle 101 104 – 28.3 18.8 19.8 11.9 24.8 24.8 Benin ǡǡ 820 Low e ǡ ǡǡ 0.8 9.1 Bhutan ǡ ǡ Middle 139 17.4 – – – – – Bolivia (Plurinational State of) ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 19.7 17.1 Bosnia and Herzegovina ǡǡ ǡ Middle 318 – – – – – Botswana ǡǡ ǡ Middle 23.8 0 2 24.7 10.2 Brazil ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡe ǡ – 19.7 23.2 31.4 3.4 18.1 24 Bulgaria ǡǡ ǡ Middle 708 730 – 10.2 7.8 4.9 Burkina Faso ǡǡ Low 878 ǡ ǡǡ – – – – – Burundi ǡǡ 280 Low 112e ǡ ǡǡ 34.7 – – – – – Cabo Verde ǡ ǡ Middle 41 – – – – – Cambodia ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 17.8 2.3 8.4 Cameroon ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 30.1 – – – – – Canada ǡǡ ǡ High ǡe ǡ – 10.8 7.2 Central African Republic ǡǡ 370 Low 193 ǡ ǡǡ – – – – – Chad ǡǡ 720 Low ǡf ǡ ǡǡ – – – – – Chile ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ – 42 8.7 7.7 China ǡǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡe ǡ – 18.2 – – – – – Colombia ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 8.4 7.8 304 Country / Area General information Road traffic deaths Road traffic deaths Road user death (%) Population numbers for 2016a GNI per capita for 2016 in US dollarsb Income levelc Reported number of road traffic deaths Modelled number of road traffic deathsd Estimated road traffic death rate per 100 000 populationd Drivers/Passengers of 4-wheeled vehicles Drivers / Passengers of 2- or 3- wheelers Cyclists Pedestrians Other or unspecified users Point estimate 95% Confidence Interval Comoros ǡ Low 23 211 17.4 0 17.4 0 Congo ǡǡ ǡ Middle 308 ǡ ǡǡ 27.4 – – – – – Cook Islands ǡ – High e 3 – 17.3 20 80 0 0 0 Costa Rica ǡǡ ǡ Middle e 812 – 24 40 10.4 24.7 0.9 Côte d’Ivoire ǡǡ ǡ Middle 991 ǡ ǡǡ 11.1 0.3 40.2 13.4 Croatia ǡǡ ǡ Middle 307 340 – 8.1 48.2 8.8 21.8 Cuba ǡǡ ǡg Middle – 10.1 9.9 33.2 31.2 Cyprus ǡǡ ǡ High – 34.8 21.7 4.3 30.4 8.7 Czechia ǡǡ ǡ High – 10.3 8.7 21.3 Democratic Republic of the Congo ǡǡ 420 Low ǡ ǡǡ 33.7 11.7 0 0.3 Denmark ǡǡ ǡ High 211 227 – 4 48.3 14.7 17.1 3.8 Dominica ǡ ǡ Middle 10e 8 – 10.9 10 0 10 20 Dominican Republic ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 11 1 17 4 Ecuador ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 21.3 19.1 1.8 19.8 Egypt ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 9.7 1.2 21.2 El Salvador ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 22.2 32.1 14.2 1.4 49 3.3 Equatorial Guinea ǡǡ ǡ Middle 41e 300 221 - 379 – – – – – Eritrea ǡǡ g Low 130 ǡ ǡǡ 9.2 27.7 Estonia ǡǡ ǡ High 71 80 – 1.4 7 31 Eswatini ǡǡ ǡ Middle 203 g 2 43.8 0 Ethiopia ǡǡ Low ǡe ǡ ǡǡ 0 – – Fiji ǡ ǡ Middle – h – – 0 Finland ǡǡ ǡ High – 4.7 8.7 10.7 France ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ – 21.1 4.7 3.8 Gabon ǡǡ ǡ Middle h 23.2 – – – – – Gambia ǡǡ 440 Low 139 29.7 – – – – – Georgia ǡǡ ǡ Middle – 44.9 0.7 27.4 Germany ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ – 4.1 47.8 18.8 12.3 Ghana ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡe ǡ ǡǡ 24.9 12 17.9 3.3 20.7 Greece ǡǡ ǡ High 824 ǡ – 9.2 40.3 32.4 2.2 18.1 7 Grenada ǡ ǡ Middle 10 10 – 9.3 – – – – – Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area General information Road traffic deaths Road traffic deaths Road user death (%) Population numbers for 2016a GNI per capita for 2016 in US dollarsb Income levelc Reported number of road traffic deaths Modelled number of road traffic deathsd Estimated road traffic death rate per 100 000 populationd Drivers/Passengers of 4-wheeled vehicles Drivers / Passengers of 2- or 3- wheelers Cyclists Pedestrians Other or unspecified users Point estimate 95% Confidence Interval Comoros ǡ Low 23 211 17.4 0 17.4 0 Congo ǡǡ ǡ Middle 308 ǡ ǡǡ 27.4 – – – – – Cook Islands ǡ – High e 3 – 17.3 20 80 0 0 0 Costa Rica ǡǡ ǡ Middle e 812 – 24 40 10.4 24.7 0.9 Côte d’Ivoire ǡǡ ǡ Middle 991 ǡ ǡǡ 11.1 0.3 40.2 13.4 Croatia ǡǡ ǡ Middle 307 340 – 8.1 48.2 8.8 21.8 Cuba ǡǡ ǡg Middle – 10.1 9.9 33.2 31.2 Cyprus ǡǡ ǡ High – 34.8 21.7 4.3 30.4 8.7 Czechia ǡǡ ǡ High – 10.3 8.7 21.3 Democratic Republic of the Congo ǡǡ 420 Low ǡ ǡǡ 33.7 11.7 0 0.3 Denmark ǡǡ ǡ High 211 227 – 4 48.3 14.7 17.1 3.8 Dominica ǡ ǡ Middle 10e 8 – 10.9 10 0 10 20 Dominican Republic ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 11 1 17 4 Ecuador ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 21.3 19.1 1.8 19.8 Egypt ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 9.7 1.2 21.2 El Salvador ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 22.2 32.1 14.2 1.4 49 3.3 Equatorial Guinea ǡǡ ǡ Middle 41e 300 221 - 379 – – – – – Eritrea ǡǡ g Low 130 ǡ ǡǡ 9.2 27.7 Estonia ǡǡ ǡ High 71 80 – 1.4 7 31 Eswatini ǡǡ ǡ Middle 203 g 2 43.8 0 Ethiopia ǡǡ Low ǡe ǡ ǡǡ 0 – – Fiji ǡ ǡ Middle – h – – 0 Finland ǡǡ ǡ High – 4.7 8.7 10.7 France ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ – 21.1 4.7 3.8 Gabon ǡǡ ǡ Middle h 23.2 – – – – – Gambia ǡǡ 440 Low 139 29.7 – – – – – Georgia ǡǡ ǡ Middle – 44.9 0.7 27.4 Germany ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ – 4.1 47.8 18.8 12.3 Ghana ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡe ǡ ǡǡ 24.9 12 17.9 3.3 20.7 Greece ǡǡ ǡ High 824 ǡ – 9.2 40.3 32.4 2.2 18.1 7 Grenada ǡ ǡ Middle 10 10 – 9.3 – – – – – Country / Area General information Road traffic deaths Road traffic deaths Road user death (%) Population numbers for 2016a GNI per capita for 2016 in US dollarsb Income levelc Reported number of road traffic deaths Modelled number of road traffic deathsd Estimated road traffic death rate per 100 000 populationd Drivers/Passengers of 4-wheeled vehicles Drivers / Passengers of 2- or 3- wheelers Cyclists Pedestrians Other or unspecified users Point estimate 95% Confidence Interval Guatemala ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 19.4 32.7 0.4 39.2 8.3 Guinea ǡǡ 490 Low ǡ ǡǡ 28.2 – – – – – Guinea-Bissau ǡǡ Low 122 31.1 – – – – – Guyana ǡ ǡ Middle 128 190 – 24.2 21.9 29.7 11.7 Honduras ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 24.3 4.1 27.9 Hungary ǡǡ ǡ High – 7.8 44.3 12 8.1 Iceland ǡ ǡ High 18 22 – 72.2 11.1 0 11.1 India ǡǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 17.9 1.7 10.4 30.4 Indonesia ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 12.2 4.9 3.2 2.7 Iran (Islamic Republic of) ǡǡ ǡg Middle ǡ ǡ – 48.7 24.1 Iraq ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 20.7 – – – – – Ireland ǡǡ ǡ High 188 194 – 4.1 11.7 2.1 Israel ǡǡ ǡ High – 4.2 12.2 2.7 28.7 10.1 Italy ǡǡ ǡ High ǡe ǡ – 42.8 7.3 Jamaica ǡǡ ǡ Middle 379 391 – 33 28.8 8.4 22.2 7.7 Japan ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ – 4.1 32.4 17.2 1 Jordan ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡǡ 24.4 71.3h 0 0 28.7 0 Kazakhstan ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 4.3 1.7 30.9 3.3 Kenya ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 27.8 h 24.2 2.4 37 0 Kiribati ǡ ǡ Middle 4.4 40 20 0 40 0 Kuwait ǡǡ ǡg High 424 – – – – – – Kyrgyzstan ǡǡ ǡ Middle 812 – 2.1 0.2 40 30 Lao People’s Democratic Republic ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡ – – – – – Latvia ǡǡ ǡ High 184 – 9.3 44.9 12 4.4 34.8 3.8 Lebanon ǡǡ ǡ Middle e ǡ ǡ 18.1 42.4h 20.7 37 0 Lesotho ǡǡ ǡ Middle 318 28.9 – – – – – Liberia ǡǡ 370 Low ǡ ǡǡ – – – – – Libya ǡǡ ǡg Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 1.9 2.3 20.8 0 Lithuania ǡǡ ǡ High 192 234 – 8 h 8.9 38 1 Luxembourg ǡ ǡ High 32 – 9.4 3.1 0 Madagascar ǡǡ 400 Low 340 ǡ ǡǡ h – – 47.1 0 307 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area General information Road traffic deaths Road traffic deaths Road user death (%) Population numbers for 2016a GNI per capita for 2016 in US dollarsb Income levelc Reported number of road traffic deaths Modelled number of road traffic deathsd Estimated road traffic death rate per 100 000 populationd Drivers/Passengers of 4-wheeled vehicles Drivers / Passengers of 2- or 3- wheelers Cyclists Pedestrians Other or unspecified users Point estimate 95% Confidence Interval Guatemala ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 19.4 32.7 0.4 39.2 8.3 Guinea ǡǡ 490 Low ǡ ǡǡ 28.2 – – – – – Guinea-Bissau ǡǡ Low 122 31.1 – – – – – Guyana ǡ ǡ Middle 128 190 – 24.2 21.9 29.7 11.7 Honduras ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 24.3 4.1 27.9 Hungary ǡǡ ǡ High – 7.8 44.3 12 8.1 Iceland ǡ ǡ High 18 22 – 72.2 11.1 0 11.1 India ǡǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 17.9 1.7 10.4 30.4 Indonesia ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 12.2 4.9 3.2 2.7 Iran (Islamic Republic of) ǡǡ ǡg Middle ǡ ǡ – 48.7 24.1 Iraq ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 20.7 – – – – – Ireland ǡǡ ǡ High 188 194 – 4.1 11.7 2.1 Israel ǡǡ ǡ High – 4.2 12.2 2.7 28.7 10.1 Italy ǡǡ ǡ High ǡe ǡ – 42.8 7.3 Jamaica ǡǡ ǡ Middle 379 391 – 33 28.8 8.4 22.2 7.7 Japan ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ – 4.1 32.4 17.2 1 Jordan ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡǡ 24.4 71.3h 0 0 28.7 0 Kazakhstan ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 4.3 1.7 30.9 3.3 Kenya ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 27.8 h 24.2 2.4 37 0 Kiribati ǡ ǡ Middle 4.4 40 20 0 40 0 Kuwait ǡǡ ǡg High 424 – – – – – – Kyrgyzstan ǡǡ ǡ Middle 812 – 2.1 0.2 40 30 Lao People’s Democratic Republic ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡ – – – – – Latvia ǡǡ ǡ High 184 – 9.3 44.9 12 4.4 34.8 3.8 Lebanon ǡǡ ǡ Middle e ǡ ǡ 18.1 42.4h 20.7 37 0 Lesotho ǡǡ ǡ Middle 318 28.9 – – – – – Liberia ǡǡ 370 Low ǡ ǡǡ – – – – – Libya ǡǡ ǡg Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 1.9 2.3 20.8 0 Lithuania ǡǡ ǡ High 192 234 – 8 h 8.9 38 1 Luxembourg ǡ ǡ High 32 – 9.4 3.1 0 Madagascar ǡǡ 400 Low 340 ǡ ǡǡ h – – 47.1 0 308 Country / Area General information Road traffic deaths Road traffic deaths Road user death (%) Population numbers for 2016a GNI per capita for 2016 in US dollarsb Income levelc Reported number of road traffic deaths Modelled number of road traffic deathsd Estimated road traffic death rate per 100 000 populationd Drivers/Passengers of 4-wheeled vehicles Drivers / Passengers of 2- or 3- wheelers Cyclists Pedestrians Other or unspecified users Point estimate 95% Confidence Interval Malawi ǡǡ 320 Low ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 31 31.1 3.2 0.1 Malaysia ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ – – – – – Maldives ǡ ǡ Middle 4 4 – 0.9 0 0 0 Mali ǡǡ Low ǡ ǡǡ 23.1 27.9 42.3 2.4 Malta ǡ ǡ High 22 – 18.2 40.9 27.3 9.1 Mauritania ǡǡ ǡ Middle 184 ǡ ǡ 24.7 – – – – – Mauritius ǡǡ ǡ Middle 144 173 – 13.7 0 Mexico ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡe ǡ – 13.1 18.4h 1.1 42.4 Micronesia (Federated States of) ǡ ǡ Middle 2 2 – 1.9 0 0 0 Mongolia ǡǡ ǡ Middle 484 499 39.3 1.2 28.7 12.2 Montenegro ǡ ǡ Middle – 10.7 13.8 Morocco ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 31.2 28.7 7.9 Mozambique ǡǡ 480 Low ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 30.1 – – – – – Myanmar ǡǡ ǡg Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 19.9 10.8 3.1 14.2 7.1 Namibia ǡǡ ǡ Middle 731 30.4 – – – – – Nepal ǡǡ 730 Low ǡe ǡ ǡǡ – – – – – Netherlands ǡǡ ǡ High e – 3.8 38 21.4 29.8 9.2 New Zealand ǡǡ ǡ High 327 – 7.8 Niger ǡǡ 370 Low 978 ǡ ǡǡ – – – – – Nigeria ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 21.4 – – – – – Norway ǡǡ ǡ High 143 – 2.7 17 8.9 11.9 Oman ǡǡ ǡg High 713 – 3.9 0.7 8.1 Pakistan ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡe ǡ ǡǡ 14.3 – – – – – Panama ǡǡ ǡ Middle 440 – 14.3 32.3 4.4 40 Papua New Guinea ǡǡ ǡg Middle ǡ ǡ 14.2 – – 0 Paraguay ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 22.7 0.2 8.7 Peru ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 0.2 8.1 Philippines ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡe ǡ – 12.3 0.3 4.7 0.1 1 93.9 Poland ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ – 9.7 11.2 9 28.7 4.3 Portugal ǡǡ ǡ High – 7.4 18.3 21.8 Qatar ǡǡ ǡg High 178 239 – 9.3 48.3 2.2 2.8 32 309 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area General information Road traffic deaths Road traffic deaths Road user death (%) Population numbers for 2016a GNI per capita for 2016 in US dollarsb Income levelc Reported number of road traffic deaths Modelled number of road traffic deathsd Estimated road traffic death rate per 100 000 populationd Drivers/Passengers of 4-wheeled vehicles Drivers / Passengers of 2- or 3- wheelers Cyclists Pedestrians Other or unspecified users Point estimate 95% Confidence Interval Malawi ǡǡ 320 Low ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 31 31.1 3.2 0.1 Malaysia ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ – – – – – Maldives ǡ ǡ Middle 4 4 – 0.9 0 0 0 Mali ǡǡ Low ǡ ǡǡ 23.1 27.9 42.3 2.4 Malta ǡ ǡ High 22 – 18.2 40.9 27.3 9.1 Mauritania ǡǡ ǡ Middle 184 ǡ ǡ 24.7 – – – – – Mauritius ǡǡ ǡ Middle 144 173 – 13.7 0 Mexico ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡe ǡ – 13.1 18.4h 1.1 42.4 Micronesia (Federated States of) ǡ ǡ Middle 2 2 – 1.9 0 0 0 Mongolia ǡǡ ǡ Middle 484 499 39.3 1.2 28.7 12.2 Montenegro ǡ ǡ Middle – 10.7 13.8 Morocco ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 31.2 28.7 7.9 Mozambique ǡǡ 480 Low ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 30.1 – – – – – Myanmar ǡǡ ǡg Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 19.9 10.8 3.1 14.2 7.1 Namibia ǡǡ ǡ Middle 731 30.4 – – – – – Nepal ǡǡ 730 Low ǡe ǡ ǡǡ – – – – – Netherlands ǡǡ ǡ High e – 3.8 38 21.4 29.8 9.2 New Zealand ǡǡ ǡ High 327 – 7.8 Niger ǡǡ 370 Low 978 ǡ ǡǡ – – – – – Nigeria ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 21.4 – – – – – Norway ǡǡ ǡ High 143 – 2.7 17 8.9 11.9 Oman ǡǡ ǡg High 713 – 3.9 0.7 8.1 Pakistan ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡe ǡ ǡǡ 14.3 – – – – – Panama ǡǡ ǡ Middle 440 – 14.3 32.3 4.4 40 Papua New Guinea ǡǡ ǡg Middle ǡ ǡ 14.2 – – 0 Paraguay ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 22.7 0.2 8.7 Peru ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 0.2 8.1 Philippines ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡe ǡ – 12.3 0.3 4.7 0.1 1 93.9 Poland ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ – 9.7 11.2 9 28.7 4.3 Portugal ǡǡ ǡ High – 7.4 18.3 21.8 Qatar ǡǡ ǡg High 178 239 – 9.3 48.3 2.2 2.8 32 310 Country / Area General information Road traffic deaths Road traffic deaths Road user death (%) Population numbers for 2016a GNI per capita for 2016 in US dollarsb Income levelc Reported number of road traffic deaths Modelled number of road traffic deathsd Estimated road traffic death rate per 100 000 populationd Drivers/Passengers of 4-wheeled vehicles Drivers / Passengers of 2- or 3- wheelers Cyclists Pedestrians Other or unspecified users Point estimate 95% Confidence Interval Republic of Korea ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ – 9.8 – 39.9 33.7 Republic of Moldova ǡǡ ǡ Middle 394 – 9.7 4.3 1.4 Romania ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 10.3 4.4 9 37.2 3.3 Russian Federation ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 18 2 29.2 Rwanda ǡǡ 700 Low ǡ ǡǡ 29.7 – – – – – Saint Lucia ǡ ǡ Middle – 20 13.3 13.3 Samoa ǡ ǡ Middle 17e 22 11.3 41.2 0 47.1 San Marino ǡ ǡg High 0 0 – 0 – – – – – Sao Tome and Principe ǡ ǡ Middle 23 – – – – – Saudi Arabia ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 28.8 – – – – – Senegal ǡǡ Low ǡ ǡǡ 23.4 – – – – – Serbia ǡǡ ǡ Middle – 7.4 8.7 9.4 23.1 Seychelles ǡ ǡ High – 20 20 Singapore ǡǡ ǡ High 141 – 2.8 7.8 44 14.2 33.3 0.7 Slovakia ǡǡ ǡ High 330 – 8.7 29.1 4.4 Slovenia ǡǡ ǡ High 130 134 – 19.2 10 Solomon Islands ǡ ǡ Middle 11 104 17.4 – – – – – Somalia ǡǡ – Low ǡ ǡǡ 27.1 – – – – – South Africa ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 44.9 0.3 3.2 38.4 13.1 South Sudan ǡǡ 820g Low 130 ǡ ǡǡ 29.9 – – – – – Spain ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ – 4.1 21.9 3.7 Sri Lanka ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 14.9 8.1 29.2 Sudan ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 71.4 Suriname ǡ ǡ Middle 74 81 – 33.8 4.1 14.9 1.4 Sweden ǡǡ ǡ High 270 278 – 2.8 8.1 Switzerland ǡǡ ǡ High 223 – 2.7 34.7 22.7 23.1 4.2 Syrian Arab Republic ǡǡ ǡg Middle 714 ǡ ǡǡ 18.8 4.2 Tajikistan ǡǡ ǡ Middle 427 ǡ ǡǡ 18.1 h – 2.3 40.3 0 Thailand ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 32.7 12.3 74.4 2.3 The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia ǡǡ ǡ Middle 148 e 134 – 33.1 4.7 Timor-Leste ǡǡ ǡg Middle 71 138 - 184 12.7 – – – – – 311 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area General information Road traffic deaths Road traffic deaths Road user death (%) Population numbers for 2016a GNI per capita for 2016 in US dollarsb Income levelc Reported number of road traffic deaths Modelled number of road traffic deathsd Estimated road traffic death rate per 100 000 populationd Drivers/Passengers of 4-wheeled vehicles Drivers / Passengers of 2- or 3- wheelers Cyclists Pedestrians Other or unspecified users Point estimate 95% Confidence Interval Republic of Korea ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ – 9.8 – 39.9 33.7 Republic of Moldova ǡǡ ǡ Middle 394 – 9.7 4.3 1.4 Romania ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 10.3 4.4 9 37.2 3.3 Russian Federation ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 18 2 29.2 Rwanda ǡǡ 700 Low ǡ ǡǡ 29.7 – – – – – Saint Lucia ǡ ǡ Middle – 20 13.3 13.3 Samoa ǡ ǡ Middle 17e 22 11.3 41.2 0 47.1 San Marino ǡ ǡg High 0 0 – 0 – – – – – Sao Tome and Principe ǡ ǡ Middle 23 – – – – – Saudi Arabia ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 28.8 – – – – – Senegal ǡǡ Low ǡ ǡǡ 23.4 – – – – – Serbia ǡǡ ǡ Middle – 7.4 8.7 9.4 23.1 Seychelles ǡ ǡ High – 20 20 Singapore ǡǡ ǡ High 141 – 2.8 7.8 44 14.2 33.3 0.7 Slovakia ǡǡ ǡ High 330 – 8.7 29.1 4.4 Slovenia ǡǡ ǡ High 130 134 – 19.2 10 Solomon Islands ǡ ǡ Middle 11 104 17.4 – – – – – Somalia ǡǡ – Low ǡ ǡǡ 27.1 – – – – – South Africa ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 44.9 0.3 3.2 38.4 13.1 South Sudan ǡǡ 820g Low 130 ǡ ǡǡ 29.9 – – – – – Spain ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ – 4.1 21.9 3.7 Sri Lanka ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 14.9 8.1 29.2 Sudan ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 71.4 Suriname ǡ ǡ Middle 74 81 – 33.8 4.1 14.9 1.4 Sweden ǡǡ ǡ High 270 278 – 2.8 8.1 Switzerland ǡǡ ǡ High 223 – 2.7 34.7 22.7 23.1 4.2 Syrian Arab Republic ǡǡ ǡg Middle 714 ǡ ǡǡ 18.8 4.2 Tajikistan ǡǡ ǡ Middle 427 ǡ ǡǡ 18.1 h – 2.3 40.3 0 Thailand ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 32.7 12.3 74.4 2.3 The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia ǡǡ ǡ Middle 148 e 134 – 33.1 4.7 Timor-Leste ǡǡ ǡg Middle 71 138 - 184 12.7 – – – – – 312 Country / Area General information Road traffic deaths Road traffic deaths Road user death (%) Population numbers for 2016a GNI per capita for 2016 in US dollarsb Income levelc Reported number of road traffic deaths Modelled number of road traffic deathsd Estimated road traffic death rate per 100 000 populationd Drivers/Passengers of 4-wheeled vehicles Drivers / Passengers of 2- or 3- wheelers Cyclists Pedestrians Other or unspecified users Point estimate 95% Confidence Interval Togo ǡǡ Low ǡ ǡǡ 29.2 17.3 – – 11.1 Tonga ǡ ǡ Middle 18 18 – 0 0 27.8 Trinidad and Tobago ǡǡ ǡ High – 12.1 2.2 0.7 31.1 8.1 Tunisia ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 22.8 49.3h 22.9 0.7 Turkey ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 12.3 21.7 14.9 1.9 23.4 38 Turkmenistan ǡǡ ǡ Middle 823 Uganda ǡǡ Low ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 29 21.3 33.4 0 Ukraine ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 13.7 34 8.7 7.1 41.9 8.4 United Arab Emirates ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡǡ 18.1 24.3 14.2 United Kingdom ǡǡ ǡ High ǡe ǡ – 3.1 23.7 4.1 United Republic of Tanzania ǡǡ 900 Low ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 29.2 22.7 8 29.9 0.8 United States of America ǡǡ ǡ High ǡe ǡ – 12.4 14.2 2.3 4.2 Uruguay ǡǡ ǡ High – 13.4 30.7 7 0 Uzbekistan ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – – – – – – Vanuatu ǡ ǡg Middle 9 43 39 - 48 – – – – – Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) ǡǡ ǡ g Middle ǡe ǡ – 33.7 – – – – – Viet Nam ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ – – – – – West Bank and Gaza Strip ǡǡ ǡ Middle 189 - 333 1.9 32.7 10.7 Zimbabwe ǡǡ 940 Low ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 34.7 10.2 12.2 13.7 37.2 313 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area General information Road traffic deaths Road traffic deaths Road user death (%) Population numbers for 2016a GNI per capita for 2016 in US dollarsb Income levelc Reported number of road traffic deaths Modelled number of road traffic deathsd Estimated road traffic death rate per 100 000 populationd Drivers/Passengers of 4-wheeled vehicles Drivers / Passengers of 2- or 3- wheelers Cyclists Pedestrians Other or unspecified users Point estimate 95% Confidence Interval Togo ǡǡ Low ǡ ǡǡ 29.2 17.3 – – 11.1 Tonga ǡ ǡ Middle 18 18 – 0 0 27.8 Trinidad and Tobago ǡǡ ǡ High – 12.1 2.2 0.7 31.1 8.1 Tunisia ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 22.8 49.3h 22.9 0.7 Turkey ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 12.3 21.7 14.9 1.9 23.4 38 Turkmenistan ǡǡ ǡ Middle 823 Uganda ǡǡ Low ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 29 21.3 33.4 0 Ukraine ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 13.7 34 8.7 7.1 41.9 8.4 United Arab Emirates ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡǡ 18.1 24.3 14.2 United Kingdom ǡǡ ǡ High ǡe ǡ – 3.1 23.7 4.1 United Republic of Tanzania ǡǡ 900 Low ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 29.2 22.7 8 29.9 0.8 United States of America ǡǡ ǡ High ǡe ǡ – 12.4 14.2 2.3 4.2 Uruguay ǡǡ ǡ High – 13.4 30.7 7 0 Uzbekistan ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – – – – – – Vanuatu ǡ ǡg Middle 9 43 39 - 48 – – – – – Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) ǡǡ ǡ g Middle ǡe ǡ – 33.7 – – – – – Viet Nam ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ – – – – – West Bank and Gaza Strip ǡǡ ǡ Middle 189 - 333 1.9 32.7 10.7 Zimbabwe ǡǡ 940 Low ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 34.7 10.2 12.2 13.7 37.2 a Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat (June 2017). World population Prospects: The 2017 Revision, Highlights. New York: United Nations. b )rQss0CtiQPCN+PcQOe )0+ percCpitCisthedQNNCrXCNueQHCcQuPtr[ŨsfiPCNiPcQOeiPC[eCrdiXidedD[itspQpuNCtiQPusiPI#tNCsOethQdQNQI[&CtCHrQO World Development Indicators database, World Bank, November 2017. http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD/countries. c 9QrNd&eXeNQpOePt+PdicCtQrsdCtCDCse .QYiPcQOeisQrNessOiddNeiPcQOeistQhiIhiPcQOeisQrOQre d Modelled using negative binomial regression (see preamble on page 289). Data from countries with good vital registration and countries with a population of NessthCPYerePQtiPcNudediPtheOQdeN e dCtCPQtCXCiNCDNe f (rQO,CPOct g Drivers and passengers (all vehicles) h Data for Libreville 314 TABLE A3: POST-CRASH RESPONSE BY COUNTRY / AREA Country / Area Universal access telephone number Trauma registry National assessment of emergency care system Provider training and certification Estimated % road traffic crash victims with permanent disability Prehospital providers Nurses Specialist doctors Formal certification pathway Post graduate courses in emergency and trauma care Emergency medicine Trauma surgery Afghanistan National, single number None No No No Yes Yes Albania National, single number Subnational No Yes Yes Yes No Angola National, multiple numbers National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Antigua and Barbuda National, single number – No No No No No Argentina Partial coverage Some facilities No – – – – Armenia National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Australia National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes No Austria National, single number National No Yes No Yes Yes Azerbaijan National, single number National No No No Yes Yes 3 Bangladesh Partial coverage None No No No Yes Yes 2.4 Barbados National, multiple numbers National No Yes No Yes Yes Belarus National, single number None No No No Yes Yes Belgium National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes a Belize National, single number None No No No No No Benin National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Bhutan National, single number None No Yes No Yes Yes Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Partial coverage Subnational No No Yes Yes No Bosnia and Herzegovina National, single number None Yes Yes No Yes Yes Botswana National, multiple numbers None No – Yes Yes No Brazil National, single number None No No Yes Yes Yes Bulgaria National, single number None No Yes Yes Yes Yes Burkina Faso National, single number Some facilities Yes No – – No Burundi None National No No No No Yes Cabo Verde National, multiple numbers Some facilities No No No – – Cambodia National, multiple numbers National No No Yes Yes Yes Cameroon National, single number Some facilities Yes No No No No Canada Partial coverage Subnational No – Yes Yes Yes Central African Republic – Some facilities No – Yes – – Chad – Some facilities No Yes No No Yes Chile National, single number National No No Yes Yes Yes China National, single number National Yes Yes No No No Colombia Partial coverage National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Comoros None None No No No No No Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Universal access telephone number Trauma registry National assessment of emergency care system Provider training and certification Estimated % road traffic crash victims with permanent disability Prehospital providers Nurses Specialist doctors Formal certification pathway Post graduate courses in emergency and trauma care Emergency medicine Trauma surgery Afghanistan National, single number None No No No Yes Yes Albania National, single number Subnational No Yes Yes Yes No Angola National, multiple numbers National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Antigua and Barbuda National, single number – No No No No No Argentina Partial coverage Some facilities No – – – – Armenia National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Australia National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes No Austria National, single number National No Yes No Yes Yes Azerbaijan National, single number National No No No Yes Yes 3 Bangladesh Partial coverage None No No No Yes Yes 2.4 Barbados National, multiple numbers National No Yes No Yes Yes Belarus National, single number None No No No Yes Yes Belgium National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes a Belize National, single number None No No No No No Benin National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Bhutan National, single number None No Yes No Yes Yes Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Partial coverage Subnational No No Yes Yes No Bosnia and Herzegovina National, single number None Yes Yes No Yes Yes Botswana National, multiple numbers None No – Yes Yes No Brazil National, single number None No No Yes Yes Yes Bulgaria National, single number None No Yes Yes Yes Yes Burkina Faso National, single number Some facilities Yes No – – No Burundi None National No No No No Yes Cabo Verde National, multiple numbers Some facilities No No No – – Cambodia National, multiple numbers National No No Yes Yes Yes Cameroon National, single number Some facilities Yes No No No No Canada Partial coverage Subnational No – Yes Yes Yes Central African Republic – Some facilities No – Yes – – Chad – Some facilities No Yes No No Yes Chile National, single number National No No Yes Yes Yes China National, single number National Yes Yes No No No Colombia Partial coverage National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Comoros None None No No No No No Country / Area Universal access telephone number Trauma registry National assessment of emergency care system Provider training and certification Estimated % road traffic crash victims with permanent disability Prehospital providers Nurses Specialist doctors Formal certification pathway Post graduate courses in emergency and trauma care Emergency medicine Trauma surgery Congo Partial coverage None No No No No No Cook Islands National, single number National No No No No No Costa Rica National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Côte d’Ivoire Partial coverage Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Croatia National, single number None No Yes No Yes Yes Cuba National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Cyprus National, multiple numbers Subnational Yes Yes Yes No No Czechia National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Democratic Republic of the Congo Partial coverage Some facilities Yes No No No Yes 40 Denmark National, single number National Yes – Yes No No Dominica National, single number None No No No No No Dominican Republic Partial coverage National Yes Yes No Yes No Ecuador National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Egypt National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes No El Salvador National, multiple numbers National Yes No No No No Equatorial Guinea National, multiple numbers National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Eritrea Partial coverage Some facilities No No No No No Estonia National, single number None No No Yes Yes Yes Eswatini National, multiple numbers None No Yes No No No Ethiopia National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Fiji National, multiple numbers None No No No Yes No Finland National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 France National, single number Subnational No – – – – 0.8 Gabon Partial coverage Some facilities No Yes No Yes No Gambia None Subnational No No No No No Georgia National, single number None No Yes No Yes Yes Germany National, single number Some facilities Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Ghana National, single number Some facilities Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Greece National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes No No Grenada National, single number None No No No No No Guatemala National, multiple numbers Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Guinea None Subnational No No No No No 317 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Universal access telephone number Trauma registry National assessment of emergency care system Provider training and certification Estimated % road traffic crash victims with permanent disability Prehospital providers Nurses Specialist doctors Formal certification pathway Post graduate courses in emergency and trauma care Emergency medicine Trauma surgery Congo Partial coverage None No No No No No Cook Islands National, single number National No No No No No Costa Rica National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Côte d’Ivoire Partial coverage Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Croatia National, single number None No Yes No Yes Yes Cuba National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Cyprus National, multiple numbers Subnational Yes Yes Yes No No Czechia National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Democratic Republic of the Congo Partial coverage Some facilities Yes No No No Yes 40 Denmark National, single number National Yes – Yes No No Dominica National, single number None No No No No No Dominican Republic Partial coverage National Yes Yes No Yes No Ecuador National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Egypt National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes No El Salvador National, multiple numbers National Yes No No No No Equatorial Guinea National, multiple numbers National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Eritrea Partial coverage Some facilities No No No No No Estonia National, single number None No No Yes Yes Yes Eswatini National, multiple numbers None No Yes No No No Ethiopia National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Fiji National, multiple numbers None No No No Yes No Finland National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 France National, single number Subnational No – – – – 0.8 Gabon Partial coverage Some facilities No Yes No Yes No Gambia None Subnational No No No No No Georgia National, single number None No Yes No Yes Yes Germany National, single number Some facilities Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Ghana National, single number Some facilities Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Greece National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes No No Grenada National, single number None No No No No No Guatemala National, multiple numbers Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Guinea None Subnational No No No No No 318 Country / Area Universal access telephone number Trauma registry National assessment of emergency care system Provider training and certification Estimated % road traffic crash victims with permanent disability Prehospital providers Nurses Specialist doctors Formal certification pathway Post graduate courses in emergency and trauma care Emergency medicine Trauma surgery Guinea-Bissau National, single number Some facilities No No No No No Guyana Partial coverage None No Yes Yes Yes No Honduras National, single number Some facilities No Yes – – – Hungary National, single number None No Yes Yes Yes Yes Iceland National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes No India Partial coverage Some facilities No Yes No Yes Yes Indonesia Partial coverage None No Yes Yes Yes Yes Iran (Islamic Republic of) National, single number Subnational Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Iraq National, single number Some facilities Yes Yes No Yes Yes Ireland National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes No Israel National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Italy National, single number Subnational No Yes No Yes Yes Jamaica National, single number Some facilities No No Yes Yes No 1.7 Japan National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Jordan National, single number None No Yes Yes Yes Yes Kazakhstan National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Kenya National, single number Some facilities No No Yes No No Kiribati National, multiple numbers National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Kuwait National, single number None No Yes Yes Yes No Kyrgyzstan National, single number None Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Lao People’s Democratic Republic Partial coverage None No Yes Yes Yes Yes Latvia National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Lebanon National, multiple numbers None No No Yes Yes Yes Lesotho None None No Yes No No No Liberia National, single number None No – No No No Libya National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Lithuania National, single number National No No Yes Yes Yes Luxembourg National, single number Some facilities No No Yes No No Madagascar None None No No Yes Yes Yes Malawi Partial coverage Some facilities No No No No No Malaysia National, single number None No Yes Yes Yes Yes Maldives Partial coverage None No No No No No 319 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Universal access telephone number Trauma registry National assessment of emergency care system Provider training and certification Estimated % road traffic crash victims with permanent disability Prehospital providers Nurses Specialist doctors Formal certification pathway Post graduate courses in emergency and trauma care Emergency medicine Trauma surgery Guinea-Bissau National, single number Some facilities No No No No No Guyana Partial coverage None No Yes Yes Yes No Honduras National, single number Some facilities No Yes – – – Hungary National, single number None No Yes Yes Yes Yes Iceland National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes No India Partial coverage Some facilities No Yes No Yes Yes Indonesia Partial coverage None No Yes Yes Yes Yes Iran (Islamic Republic of) National, single number Subnational Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Iraq National, single number Some facilities Yes Yes No Yes Yes Ireland National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes No Israel National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Italy National, single number Subnational No Yes No Yes Yes Jamaica National, single number Some facilities No No Yes Yes No 1.7 Japan National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Jordan National, single number None No Yes Yes Yes Yes Kazakhstan National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Kenya National, single number Some facilities No No Yes No No Kiribati National, multiple numbers National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Kuwait National, single number None No Yes Yes Yes No Kyrgyzstan National, single number None Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Lao People’s Democratic Republic Partial coverage None No Yes Yes Yes Yes Latvia National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Lebanon National, multiple numbers None No No Yes Yes Yes Lesotho None None No Yes No No No Liberia National, single number None No – No No No Libya National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Lithuania National, single number National No No Yes Yes Yes Luxembourg National, single number Some facilities No No Yes No No Madagascar None None No No Yes Yes Yes Malawi Partial coverage Some facilities No No No No No Malaysia National, single number None No Yes Yes Yes Yes Maldives Partial coverage None No No No No No 320 Country / Area Universal access telephone number Trauma registry National assessment of emergency care system Provider training and certification Estimated % road traffic crash victims with permanent disability Prehospital providers Nurses Specialist doctors Formal certification pathway Post graduate courses in emergency and trauma care Emergency medicine Trauma surgery Mali Partial coverage Some facilities No No No No No Malta National, single number National Yes Yes No Yes Yes Mauritania – None No No No No No Mauritius National, single number Subnational Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Mexico National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Micronesia (Federated States of) National, multiple numbers None No No No – – Mongolia National, single number National No No Yes Yes Yes Montenegro National, single number National Yes Yes No Yes Yes Morocco National, single number None No No No Yes Yes Mozambique National, multiple numbers Some facilities No No No Yes No Myanmar National, multiple numbers National No No Yes Yes Yes Namibia National, multiple numbers National Yes Yes – No No 18 Nepal Partial coverage Some facilities No No No No No Netherlands National, single number National No No Yes Yes Yes 4 - 7 New Zealand National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes No Niger National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes No No Nigeria National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Norway National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Oman National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Pakistan National, multiple numbers Subnational No No No No No Panama National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes No Papua New Guinea Partial coverage Some facilities No Yes No Yes Yes Paraguay National, single number National No No No Yes Yes Peru Partial coverage National No No Yes Yes Yes 3.1 Philippines National, single number National No No Yes Yes Yes Poland National, single number None No No Yes Yes Yes Portugal National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes No Qatar National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 1 Republic of Korea National, single number Subnational Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Republic of Moldova National, multiple numbers Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Romania National, single number None Yes Yes Yes Yes No 21 Russian Federation National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes 321 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Universal access telephone number Trauma registry National assessment of emergency care system Provider training and certification Estimated % road traffic crash victims with permanent disability Prehospital providers Nurses Specialist doctors Formal certification pathway Post graduate courses in emergency and trauma care Emergency medicine Trauma surgery Mali Partial coverage Some facilities No No No No No Malta National, single number National Yes Yes No Yes Yes Mauritania – None No No No No No Mauritius National, single number Subnational Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Mexico National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Micronesia (Federated States of) National, multiple numbers None No No No – – Mongolia National, single number National No No Yes Yes Yes Montenegro National, single number National Yes Yes No Yes Yes Morocco National, single number None No No No Yes Yes Mozambique National, multiple numbers Some facilities No No No Yes No Myanmar National, multiple numbers National No No Yes Yes Yes Namibia National, multiple numbers National Yes Yes – No No 18 Nepal Partial coverage Some facilities No No No No No Netherlands National, single number National No No Yes Yes Yes 4 - 7 New Zealand National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes No Niger National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes No No Nigeria National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Norway National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Oman National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Pakistan National, multiple numbers Subnational No No No No No Panama National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes No Papua New Guinea Partial coverage Some facilities No Yes No Yes Yes Paraguay National, single number National No No No Yes Yes Peru Partial coverage National No No Yes Yes Yes 3.1 Philippines National, single number National No No Yes Yes Yes Poland National, single number None No No Yes Yes Yes Portugal National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes No Qatar National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 1 Republic of Korea National, single number Subnational Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Republic of Moldova National, multiple numbers Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Romania National, single number None Yes Yes Yes Yes No 21 Russian Federation National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes 322 Country / Area Universal access telephone number Trauma registry National assessment of emergency care system Provider training and certification Estimated % road traffic crash victims with permanent disability Prehospital providers Nurses Specialist doctors Formal certification pathway Post graduate courses in emergency and trauma care Emergency medicine Trauma surgery Rwanda National, single number None No – – – – Saint Lucia National, single number – No Yes No No No Samoa National, multiple numbers None No No No No No San Marino National, multiple numbers None Yes Yes Yes No No Sao Tome and Principe National, single number National No No No No No Saudi Arabia National, single number Subnational No Yes Yes Yes Yes Senegal Partial coverage Some facilities No No No Yes Yes Serbia National, multiple numbers Some facilities Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Seychelles National, single number None No Yes No No No Singapore National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Slovakia National, single number None No Yes Yes Yes Yes Slovenia National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Solomon Islands National, single number Some facilities No No No Yes No Somalia None None No No No No No South Africa National, multiple numbers National No Yes Yes Yes Yes South Sudan National, single number Some facilities No No No No No Spain National, single number Some facilities No Yes No No Yes /ǡiPhCDitCPts Sri Lanka Partial coverage Some facilities No No No Yes Yes Sudan National, multiple numbers Subnational No No No Yes No 19 Suriname Partial coverage Some facilities No No No Yes No Sweden National, single number National No No Yes Yes No 17 Switzerland National, single number National No No Yes Yes Yes Syrian Arab Republic Partial coverage Subnational No Yes Yes Yes Yes Tajikistan National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Thailand National, single number Some facilities Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes b The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Timor-Leste National, single number National No Yes Yes No Yes Togo National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes 47 Tonga National, multiple numbers None No No No No No Trinidad and Tobago National, multiple numbers Some facilities No No Yes Yes No Tunisia National, multiple numbers None Yes No Yes Yes Yes Turkey National, single number Some facilities Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 323 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Universal access telephone number Trauma registry National assessment of emergency care system Provider training and certification Estimated % road traffic crash victims with permanent disability Prehospital providers Nurses Specialist doctors Formal certification pathway Post graduate courses in emergency and trauma care Emergency medicine Trauma surgery Rwanda National, single number None No – – – – Saint Lucia National, single number – No Yes No No No Samoa National, multiple numbers None No No No No No San Marino National, multiple numbers None Yes Yes Yes No No Sao Tome and Principe National, single number National No No No No No Saudi Arabia National, single number Subnational No Yes Yes Yes Yes Senegal Partial coverage Some facilities No No No Yes Yes Serbia National, multiple numbers Some facilities Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Seychelles National, single number None No Yes No No No Singapore National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Slovakia National, single number None No Yes Yes Yes Yes Slovenia National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Solomon Islands National, single number Some facilities No No No Yes No Somalia None None No No No No No South Africa National, multiple numbers National No Yes Yes Yes Yes South Sudan National, single number Some facilities No No No No No Spain National, single number Some facilities No Yes No No Yes /ǡiPhCDitCPts Sri Lanka Partial coverage Some facilities No No No Yes Yes Sudan National, multiple numbers Subnational No No No Yes No 19 Suriname Partial coverage Some facilities No No No Yes No Sweden National, single number National No No Yes Yes No 17 Switzerland National, single number National No No Yes Yes Yes Syrian Arab Republic Partial coverage Subnational No Yes Yes Yes Yes Tajikistan National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Thailand National, single number Some facilities Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes b The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Timor-Leste National, single number National No Yes Yes No Yes Togo National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes 47 Tonga National, multiple numbers None No No No No No Trinidad and Tobago National, multiple numbers Some facilities No No Yes Yes No Tunisia National, multiple numbers None Yes No Yes Yes Yes Turkey National, single number Some facilities Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 324 Country / Area Universal access telephone number Trauma registry National assessment of emergency care system Provider training and certification Estimated % road traffic crash victims with permanent disability Prehospital providers Nurses Specialist doctors Formal certification pathway Post graduate courses in emergency and trauma care Emergency medicine Trauma surgery Turkmenistan National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Uganda National, multiple numbers Some facilities Yes No No Yes No 2.8 Ukraine National, single number None No Yes Yes Yes No United Arab Emirates National, single number Subnational No Yes No Yes No United Kingdom National, single number Subnational No Yes Yes Yes Yes United Republic of Tanzania None Subnational No No Yes Yes Yes United States of America National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Uruguay National, single number National No No No Yes Yes Uzbekistan National, single number – Vanuatu National, single number National No No Yes No No Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Viet Nam Partial coverage National No No Yes Yes Yes West Bank and Gaza Strip National, single number None No No Yes Yes Yes 1 Zimbabwe National, multiple numbers None No Yes No No No 7.1 a QHCNNhQspitCNi\ed/#+5 XictiOsiPcurCNQPIterOdisCDiNit[CsCresuNtQHthecrCsh b QHCdOittedpCtiePtsestiOCted Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Universal access telephone number Trauma registry National assessment of emergency care system Provider training and certification Estimated % road traffic crash victims with permanent disability Prehospital providers Nurses Specialist doctors Formal certification pathway Post graduate courses in emergency and trauma care Emergency medicine Trauma surgery Turkmenistan National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Uganda National, multiple numbers Some facilities Yes No No Yes No 2.8 Ukraine National, single number None No Yes Yes Yes No United Arab Emirates National, single number Subnational No Yes No Yes No United Kingdom National, single number Subnational No Yes Yes Yes Yes United Republic of Tanzania None Subnational No No Yes Yes Yes United States of America National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Uruguay National, single number National No No No Yes Yes Uzbekistan National, single number – Vanuatu National, single number National No No Yes No No Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Viet Nam Partial coverage National No No Yes Yes Yes West Bank and Gaza Strip National, single number None No No Yes Yes Yes 1 Zimbabwe National, multiple numbers None No Yes No No No 7.1 326 TABLE A4: SPEED LAWS AND ENFORCEMENT BY COUNTRY / AREA Country / Area National speed limit law Types of modifications allowed Maximum default speed limits (km/h) Enforcement Predominant type of enforcementUrban Rural Motorways Afghanistan Yes No 90 km/ha 90 km/ha 90 km/ha 4 — Albania Yes Yes 40 km/h 80 km/h 110 km/h 4 Manual and automated Angola Yes No 60 km/h 90 km/h 120 km/h 5 Manual Antigua and Barbuda Yes No 32 km/hb 64 km/h No 5 Manual Argentina Yes Yes 60 km/h 110 km/h 130 km/h 5 Manual and automated Armenia Yes No 90 km/hc 90 km/h 110 km/h 8 Automated Australia Yes Yes 50 km/h 100 - 130 km/h 100 - 130 km/h 8 Manual and automated Austria Yes Yes 50 km/h 100 km/h 130 km/h Automated Azerbaijan Yes No 60 km/h 90 km/h 110 km/h 8 Automated Bangladesh Yes No 112 km/hd 112 km/hd 112 km/hd 5 Manual Barbados Yes No 80 km/he 80 km/he 80 km/he 4 Manual Belarus Yes No 60 km/h 90 km/h 110 km/h 7 Manual and automated Belgium Yes Yes 50 km/h 90 km/hf 120 km/h 7 Manual and automated Belize Yes No ~ 40 km/h ~ 88 km/h ~ 88 km/h 4 Manual Benin No No — — — — — Bhutan Yes No 30 km/h 50 km/h 50 km/h 6 Manual Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Yes Yes 40 km/h g 80 km/hg 80 km/h 3 Manual Bosnia and Herzegovina Yes No 50 km/hh 80 km/h 130 km/h 6 Manual and automated Botswana Yes Yes 60 km/h 80 km/h 120 km/h 8 Manual Brazil Yes Yes 80 km/hh 60 km/hi 110 km/h 6 Automated Bulgaria Yes No 50 km/h 90 km/h 140 km/h 6 Automated Burkina Faso Yes Yes 50 km/h 90 km/h No 7 Manual Burundi Yes Yes 50 km/h 100 km/h 100 km/h 0 Manual Cabo Verde Yes Yes 50 km/h 90 km/h 120 km/h 5 Manual Cambodia Yes No 40 km/h 90 km/h 100 km/h 5 Manual Cameroon Yes Yes 60 km/h 110 km/h No 5 Manual Canada Yes Yes 50 km/h 50 - 100 km/h 80 - 100 km/h 4 Manual Central African Republic Yes Yes 60 km/h 110 km/h No — — 327 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area National speed limit law Types of modifications allowed Maximum default speed limits (km/h) Enforcement Predominant type of enforcementUrban Rural Motorways Chad Yes Yes 60 km/h 110 km/h No 3 — Chile Yes Yes 60 km/hj 100 km/h 120 km/h 5 Manual China Yes Yes 50 km/h 70 km/h 120 km/h 8 Automated Colombia Yes Yes 80 km/h 120 km/h 120 km/h 5 Manual and automated Comoros Yesk — — — — 3 Manual Congo Yes Yes 60 km/h 110 km/h No 4 — Cook Islands Yes No 50 km/hl 50 km/hl 50 km/hl 6 Manual Costa Rica Yes No 50 km/h 60 km/h No 4 Manual Côte d’Ivoire Yes No 60 km/h 110 km/h 120 km/h 5 Manual Croatia Yes Yes 50 km/hm 90 km/h 130 km/h 7 Manual and automated Cuba Yes No 50 km/h 90 km/h 100 km/h 7 Manual Cyprus Yes Yes 65 km/h No 100 km/h 6 Manual Czechia Yes Yes 50 km/hm 90 km/h 130 km/h 5 Manual Democratic Republic of the Congo Yes No 60 km/h n 90 km/h 120 km/h 3 — Denmark Yes Yeso 50 km/h 80 km/h 130 km/h — Automated Dominica No No — — — — — Dominican Republic Yes No 60 km/h 60 km/h 120 km/h 6 Manual Ecuador Yes Yes 60 km/h 120 km/h 135 km/h 7 Manual and automated Egypt Yes Yes 60 km/h 90 km/h 100 km/h 8 Manual and automated El Salvador Yes No 50 km/h 90 km/h No 6 Manual Equatorial Guinea Yes Yes 60 km/h 110 km/h No 0 — Eritrea Yes No 60 km/h 100 km/h No 6 Manual Estonia Yes Yes 50 km/hp 90 km/h Noq 7 Automated Eswatini Yes Yes 100 km/hr 100 km/hr 100 km/hr 6 Manual Ethiopia Yes Yes 60 km/h 70 km/h 100 km/h 2 Manual Fiji Yes No 50 km/h 80 km/h —q 7 Manual and automated Finland Yes Yes 50 km/h 80 km/h 120 km/h 8 Manual and automated France Yes Yes 50 km/h 90 km/h 130 km/h 8 Automated Gabon Yes Yes 60 km/h 110 km/h No 1 — 328 Country / Area National speed limit law Types of modifications allowed Maximum default speed limits (km/h) Enforcement Predominant type of enforcementUrban Rural Motorways Gambia Yes Yes No No No 3 Manual Georgia Yes No 60 km/h 90 km/h 110 km/h 6 Automated Germany Yes Yes 50 km/h 100 km/h Nos — — Ghana Yes No 50 km/h 90 km/h 100 km/h 4 Manual Greece Yes Yes 50 km/h 90 km/h 130 km/h 3 Manual Grenada Yes No ~ 32 km/h ~ 64 km/h No 6 Manual Guatemala Yes Yes 60 km/h 80 km/h 100 km/h 4 Manual Guinea No — — — — — Manual Guinea-Bissau Yes No 50 km/h 80 km/h 100 km/h 1 Manual Guyana Yest No 64 km/h 64 km/h No 7 Manual Honduras Yesu No — — — 6 Manual Hungary Yes Yes 50 km/h 90 km/h 130 km/h 6 Manual and automated Iceland Yes No 50 km/h 90 km/h 100 km/h 7 Automated India Yes Yes 100 km/hv 100 km/hv 100 km/hv 3 Manual Indonesia Yes Yes 50 km/h 80 km/h 100 km/h 8 Manual Iran (Islamic Republic of) Yes No 60 km/h 95 km/h 120 km/h 7 Manual and automated Iraq Yes No 60 km/h 100 km/h 120 km/h 2 Manual Ireland Yes Yes 50 km/h 100 km/h 120 km/h 10 Automated Israel Yes No 50 km/h 80 km/h 110 km/h 5 Automated Italy Yes Yes 50 km/h 110 km/hw 150 km/h 8 Automated Jamaica Yes No ~ 48 km/h ~ 80 km/h No 4 Manual Japan Yes Yes 60 km/h 60 km/h 100 km/h 7 Manual Jordan Yes Yes 90 km/h 120 km/h 120 km/h 7 Manual and automated Kazakhstan Yes No 60 km/hx 110 km/h 140 km/h 7 Automated Kenya Yes No 50 km/h 100 km/h 110 km/h 4 Manual Kiribati Yes No 40 km/h 60 km/h 60 km/h 5 Manual Kuwait Yes No 45 km/h 80 km/h 80 km/h 3 Automated Kyrgyzstan Yes No 60 km/h 90 km/h 110 km/h 5 Manual and automated Lao People’s Democratic Republic Yes No 40 km/h 90 km/h — q 5 Manual Latvia Yes No 50 km/h 90 km/h No 7 Manual and automated 329 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area National speed limit law Types of modifications allowed Maximum default speed limits (km/h) Enforcement Predominant type of enforcementUrban Rural Motorways Lebanon Yes Yes 50 km/h 70 km/h 100 km/h 5 Manual Lesotho Yes No 50 km/h 80 km/h No 2 Manual Liberia Yes No ~ 40 km/h ~ 56 km/h ~ 72 km/h 0 Manual Libya Yes No 50 km/h 85 km/h 100 km/h 2 Manual and automated Lithuania Yes No 50 km/hy 90 km/h 130 km/h 7 Automated Luxembourg Yes Yes 50 km/h 90 km/h 130 km/h 7 Automated Madagascar Yes Yes 50 km/hz No No 4 — Malawi Yes No 50 km/h 80 km/h 100 km/h 4 Manual Malaysia Yes Yes 90 km/haa 90 km/haa 110 km/haa 6 Manual Maldives Yes No 30 km/hab 30 km/hab No 3 Manual Mali Yes Yes 50 km/h 90 km/h 110 km/h 4 Manual Malta Yes No 50 km/h 80 km/h No 4 Automated Mauritania Yes Yes 80 km/h 100 km/h 100 km/h 4 Manual Mauritius Yes No 90 km/h 90 km/h 110 km/h 6 Manual and automated Mexico Yes Yes 20 - 70 km/h 20 - 90 km/h 45 - 110 km/h 4 Manual and automated Micronesia (Federated States of) Yes Yes ac ~ 40 km/h ~ 40 km/h ~ 40 km/h 3 Manual Mongolia Yes No 60 km/h 80 km/h 100 km/h 5 Manual and automated Montenegro Yes No 50 km/h 80 km/h 130 km/h 7 Manual Morocco Yes Yes 60 km/h 100 km/h 120 km/h 7 Manual and automated Mozambique Yes No 60 km/h 120 km/h No 5 Manual Myanmar Yes No 48 km/h 80 km/h No 6 Automated Namibia Yes No 60 km/h 120 km/h 120 km/h 4 Manual Nepal Yes No 40 km/had 80 km/had 80 km/had 2 Manual Netherlands Yes Yes 50 km/h 80 km/h 130 km/h 6 Manual and automated New Zealand Yes Yes 50 km/h 100 km/h 100 km/h 7 Manual and automated Niger Yes No 50 km/h No No 3 Manual Nigeria Yes Yes 50 km/h 80 km/h 100 km/h 6 Manual Norway Yes Yes 50 km/h 80 km/h 100 km/h 10 Manual and automated 330 Country / Area National speed limit law Types of modifications allowed Maximum default speed limits (km/h) Enforcement Predominant type of enforcementUrban Rural Motorways Oman Yes No — — — 10 Manual and automated Pakistan Yes Yes 90 km/h 110 km/h 130 km/h 4 Manual Panama Yes No 80 km/h 100 km/h 120 km/h 4 Manual Papua New Guinea Yes No 60 km/h 75 km/h — — — Paraguay Yes Yes 50 km/h 110 km/h 110 km/h 4 Manual Peru Yes Yes 60 km/h 60 km/h 100 km/h 1 Manual Philippines Yes Yes 40 km/h 80 km/h No 5 Manual Poland Yes Yes 50 km/hae 90 km/h 140 km/h 8 Manual Portugal Yes No 50 km/h 90 km/h 120 km/h 7 Manual Qatar Yes No 100 km/h 120 km/h 120 km/h 7 Automated Republic of Korea Yes Yes 80 km/h 80 km/h 120 km/h 8 Automated Republic of Moldova Yes No 50 km/h 110 km/h 110 km/h 8 Manual and automated Romania Yes Yes 50 km/h 90 km/h 130 km/h 7 Manual Russian Federation Yes Yesaf 60 km/h 90 km/h 110 km/h 8 Automated Rwanda Yes Yes 80 km/hag 80 km/hag 80 km/hag 8 Automated Saint Lucia Yes No ~ 24 km/h ~ 24 km/h ~ 56 km/h 0 — Samoa Yes No ~ 56 km/h ~ 56 km/h —q 9 Manual San Marino Yes No 70 km/h 70 km/h No 6 Manual and automated Sao Tome and Principe Yes No 50 km/h 90 km/h 120 km/h 2 — Saudi Arabia Yes No 80 km/h 120 km/h No 7 Automated Senegal Yes Yes No 90 km/h 110 km/h 5 Manual Serbia Yes Yes 50 km/hah 100 km/h 120 km/h 6 Manual Seychelles Yes No 25 - 80 km/hai 80 km/h ai 80 km/hai 6 Manual Singapore Yes No 70 km/haj —ak 90 km/h 8 Manual and automated Slovakia Yes No 50 km/h 90 km/h 130 km/h 7 Manual Slovenia Yes No 50 km/hal 90 km/h 130 km/h 7 Manual Solomon Islands Yesam Yes — — — 5 Manual Somalia Yes Yes 40 km/h No No 1 — South Africa Yes Yes 60 km/h 100 km/h 120 km/h 6 Manual and automated South Sudan Yes No 50 km/h No No 3 Manual 331 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area National speed limit law Types of modifications allowed Maximum default speed limits (km/h) Enforcement Predominant type of enforcementUrban Rural Motorways Spain Yes Yesan 50 km/h 90 km/h 120 km/h 8 Manual and automated Sri Lanka Yes No 50 km/h 70 km/h 100 km/h 9 Manual Sudan Yes Yes 50 km/h 90 km/h No 6 Manual and automated Suriname Yes No 40 km/h 80 km/h 80 km/h 5 Manual Sweden Yes Yes 50 km/h 110 km/h 120 km/h 8 Automated Switzerland Yes No 50 km/h 80 km/h 120 km/h 7 — Syrian Arab Republic Yes Yes — — — 5 Manual and automated Tajikistan Yes No 60 km/h 90 km/h 110 km/h 9 Manual Thailand Yes No 80 km/h 90 km/h 120 km/h 5 Manual The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Yes No 50 km/h al 90 km/h 130 km/h 6 Manual Timor-Leste Yes No 50 km/h 90 km/h 120 km/h 5 Manual Togo No No — — — — Manual Tonga Yes No 50 km/h 70 km/h 70 km/h 7 Manual Trinidad and Tobago Yes No 50 km/h 80 km/h No 5 Manual Tunisia Yes Yes 50 km/h 90 km/h 110 km/h 5 Manual Turkey Yes Yes 50 km/h 110 km/hao 120 km/hao 9 Manual and automated Turkmenistan Yes Yes 60 km/h 90 km/h 110 km/h 10 Manual and automated Uganda Yes No 50 km/h 100 km/h No 7 Manual Ukraine Yes Yes 60 km/h 90 km/h 130 km/h 3 — United Arab Emirates Yes Yes —ap —ap —ap 10 Automated United Kingdom Yes Yes ~ 48 km/h ~ 96 km/h ~ 112 km/h 8 Automated United Republic of Tanzania Yes Yes 50 km/h No No 8 Manual United States of America Yes Yes 32 - 128 km/h 40 - 128 km/h 40 - 128 km/h — Manual Uruguay Yes Yes 45 km/h 90 km/h 90 km/h 6 Manual and automated Uzbekistan Yes No 70 km/h 100 km/h No 8 Manual Vanuatu No No — — — — — Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) No No — — — — — 332 Country / Area National speed limit law Types of modifications allowed Maximum default speed limits (km/h) Enforcement Predominant type of enforcementUrban Rural Motorways Viet Nam Yes No 60 km/h 90 km/h 120 km/h 7 Manual and automated West Bank and Gaza Strip Yes No 50 km/h 80 km/h 110 km/h 2 Manual Zimbabwe Yes Yes 60 km/h 80 km/haq 120 km/h 6 Manual a Speed limit set per vehicle type with a maximum speed limit of 90 km/h for fast moving vehicles, decreased by 20 km/h in mountain paths b Applies in the City of Saint John’s and in designated «speed limit areas» c The limit in residential area is reduced to 60 km/h d Speed limit set per vehicle type with a maximum speed limit of 70 miles per hour (112 km/h) for light vehicles e Speed limit set per vehicle type with a maximum speed limit of 80 km/h for specified vehicles including private motor cars f The 90 km/h speed limit applies on rural areas in Brussels capital region and Wallon region while there is a 70 km/h speed limit in the Flemish region g Can be increased to an unspecified speed under certain circumstances h Can be increased up to an unspecified speed i This limit applies to unpaved roadways while on undivided highway the maximum speed limit is 100 km/h for automobiles, light trucks and motorcycles j Can be increased up to an unspecified limit under certain circumstances k Traffic code refers to regulations to set maximum speed limits, regulations not available l Speed limit applicable on any road, decreased to 30 km/h in reduced speed zones m Can be increased up to 80 km/h n Traffic signs may on certain public highways provide for a higher speed limit not exceeding 80 km/h o Speed limits can be modified at local level by the road authorities and the police p Can be increased up to 90 km/h on certain conditions q No motorways in the country r Speed limit for public roads is 100 km/h for a road with a surface of concrete, bitumen or tar and 80 km/h for other roads s There is no maximum speed limit on motorways t Speed limits set per vehicle type and road type - for motor cars, speed limits are: 30 mph (48 km/h) on restricted roads, 60 mph (96 km/h) on Timehri / Linden Highway and 40 mph (64 km/h) elsewhere u Legislation refers to regulations to set maximum speed limits, regulations not available v Speed limit set per vehicle type with a maximum speed limit of 100 km/h for passengers cars comprising not more than eight seats in addition to the driver’s seat w 110 km/h for main suburban roads, 90 km/h for secondary suburban roads x Can be increased up to 90 km/h y Can be increased or decreased to an unspecified speed under certain circumstances z Can be modified up to 80 km/h aa Speed limit set per vehicle and road type with a maximum speed limit for passengers cars of 110 km/h on highways and 90 km/h on other roads ab Speed limit set per vehicle type with a maximum speed limit of 30 km/h for specified vehicles, except in designated areas with higher speeds ac Speed limit may be increased by the governor (Kosrae, Yap) or by the director of the department of public safety (Pohnpei) ad Speed limit set per vehicle type with a maximum speed limit of 80 km/h for specified vehicles including cars, and a maximum limit of 40 km/h in an area with dense settlement 333 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 ae 60 km/h from 23:00-05:00 af Local authorities can modify national speed limits through the posting of speed signs ag Speed limit set per vehicle type with a maximum speed limit of 80 km/h for passengers cars (not exceeding 3500 kg) ah Can be increased to 80 km/h ai Speed limits depend on the geographical area considered: the maximum speed limit is 40 km/h on roads in Greater Victoria and 80 km/h on any other roads; different speed limits are set for the island of praslin and la digue subject respectively to a 65 km/h and 25 km/h speed limit aj Different speed limits are set in urban areas ranging from 30 km/h to 70 km/h ak No rural roads in Singapore al Can be increased up to 70 km/h am Speed limits are established locally per vehicle type and / or per road names or areas an Road authorities can decrease speed limits on both urban and rural roads. Speed limits can only be increased on urban highways ao Ministry of Interior can increase speed limits by 20 km/h for automobiles ap Speed limits are established at subnational level per streets’ names aq A 120 km/h speed limits applies on roads having a bituminous surface coat of 6 metres of more in width 334 TABLE A5: DRINKING AND DRIVING LAWS, ENFORCEMENT AND ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS ATTRIBUTED TO ALCOHOL BY COUNTRY / AREA Country / Area National drink driving law Based on BAC / BrAC National maximum legal BAC levels (g/dl) Random breath testing carried out Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Enforcement % road traffic deaths involving alcohol National drug driving law Alcohol prohibitedGeneral population Young / novice drivers Professional / commercial drivers Afghanistan Yesa No — — — Yes All drivers tested 6 – Yes Yesb Albania Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 Yes Some drivers tested 6 5.2 Yes No Angola Yes Yes ≤ 0.06 ≤ 0.06 ≤ 0.06 Yes Some drivers tested 5 – Yes No Antigua and Barbuda Yesa No — — — No Some drivers tested 4 0.9 Yes No Argentina Yes Yes ≤0.05c ≤0.05 0.00 Yes — 6 17 Yes No Armenia Yes Yes ≤0.04 ≤0.04 ≤0.04 Yesd All drivers tested 6 1.9 Yes No Australia Yes Yes < 0.05 0.00 0.00 Yes All drivers tested 8 17 Yes No Austria Yes Yes <0.05 <0.01 <0.01 Yes All drivers tested — 5.1 Yes No Azerbaijan Yese No — — — Yes All drivers tested 9 15 Yes No Bangladesh Yesa No — — — Yes Some drivers tested 2 – Yes Yesb Barbados Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yesf All drivers tested 2 – Yes No Belarus Yes Yes <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 Yesd All drivers tested 8 14.3 (Drivers) Yes No Belgium Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.02 Yes Some drivers tested 6 – Yes No Belize Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yesf All drivers tested 4 – Yes No Benin Yesa No — — — Yes No 1 – No No Bhutan Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 0.00 0.00 Yes Some drivers tested 6 – Yes No Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 Yes d All drivers tested 4 6.4 Yes No Bosnia and Herzegovina Yes Yes ≤0.03 0.00 0.0 Yes All drivers tested 6 20.8 Yes No Botswana Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.025 Yes Some drivers tested 6 3.8 Yes No Brazil Yes Yes 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yes Some drivers tested 6 – Yes No Bulgaria Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 Yes All drivers tested 5 0.9 Yes No Burkina Faso Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.02 ≤0.02 Yes No — – Yes No Burundi Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yesd No 1 – No No Cabo Verde Yes Yes <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 Yesg No 5 – No No Cambodia Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Yes No 5 13 Yes No Cameroon Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yes No 2 – No No Canada Yes Yes 0.04 - 0.08 0.00 - 0.08 0.04 - 0.08 Yesd All drivers tested 8 29.6 Yes No Central African Republic Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 No No — – No No Chad Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 No No 1 – No No Chile Yes Yes ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 Yes All drivers tested 6 13 Yes No China Yes Yes <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 Yesd All drivers tested 9 0.4 Yes No Colombia Yes Yes <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 Yes All drivers tested 5 – Yes No Comoros Yesa No — — — No No 2 – Yes No 335 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area National drink driving law Based on BAC / BrAC National maximum legal BAC levels (g/dl) Random breath testing carried out Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Enforcement % road traffic deaths involving alcohol National drug driving law Alcohol prohibitedGeneral population Young / novice drivers Professional / commercial drivers Afghanistan Yesa No — — — Yes All drivers tested 6 – Yes Yesb Albania Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 Yes Some drivers tested 6 5.2 Yes No Angola Yes Yes ≤ 0.06 ≤ 0.06 ≤ 0.06 Yes Some drivers tested 5 – Yes No Antigua and Barbuda Yesa No — — — No Some drivers tested 4 0.9 Yes No Argentina Yes Yes ≤0.05c ≤0.05 0.00 Yes — 6 17 Yes No Armenia Yes Yes ≤0.04 ≤0.04 ≤0.04 Yesd All drivers tested 6 1.9 Yes No Australia Yes Yes < 0.05 0.00 0.00 Yes All drivers tested 8 17 Yes No Austria Yes Yes <0.05 <0.01 <0.01 Yes All drivers tested — 5.1 Yes No Azerbaijan Yese No — — — Yes All drivers tested 9 15 Yes No Bangladesh Yesa No — — — Yes Some drivers tested 2 – Yes Yesb Barbados Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yesf All drivers tested 2 – Yes No Belarus Yes Yes <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 Yesd All drivers tested 8 14.3 (Drivers) Yes No Belgium Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.02 Yes Some drivers tested 6 – Yes No Belize Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yesf All drivers tested 4 – Yes No Benin Yesa No — — — Yes No 1 – No No Bhutan Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 0.00 0.00 Yes Some drivers tested 6 – Yes No Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 Yes d All drivers tested 4 6.4 Yes No Bosnia and Herzegovina Yes Yes ≤0.03 0.00 0.0 Yes All drivers tested 6 20.8 Yes No Botswana Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.025 Yes Some drivers tested 6 3.8 Yes No Brazil Yes Yes 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yes Some drivers tested 6 – Yes No Bulgaria Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 Yes All drivers tested 5 0.9 Yes No Burkina Faso Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.02 ≤0.02 Yes No — – Yes No Burundi Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yesd No 1 – No No Cabo Verde Yes Yes <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 Yesg No 5 – No No Cambodia Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Yes No 5 13 Yes No Cameroon Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yes No 2 – No No Canada Yes Yes 0.04 - 0.08 0.00 - 0.08 0.04 - 0.08 Yesd All drivers tested 8 29.6 Yes No Central African Republic Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 No No — – No No Chad Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 No No 1 – No No Chile Yes Yes ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 Yes All drivers tested 6 13 Yes No China Yes Yes <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 Yesd All drivers tested 9 0.4 Yes No Colombia Yes Yes <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 Yes All drivers tested 5 – Yes No Comoros Yesa No — — — No No 2 – Yes No 336 Country / Area National drink driving law Based on BAC / BrAC National maximum legal BAC levels (g/dl) Random breath testing carried out Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Enforcement % road traffic deaths involving alcohol National drug driving law Alcohol prohibitedGeneral population Young / novice drivers Professional / commercial drivers Congo Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yes No 2 – No No Cook Islands Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yes All drivers tested 6 39 Yes No Costa Rica Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02 Yes All drivers tested 4 31.2 Yes No Côte d’Ivoire Yes Yes <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 Yes No 3 – No No Croatia Yes Yes ≤0.05 0.00 0.00 Yes Some drivers tested 8 23.8 Yes No Cuba Yes Yes ≤0.01 0.00 0.00 Yes All drivers tested 7 33.3 Yes No Cyprus Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.02 ≤0.02 Yes All drivers tested 7 17.4 Yes No Czechia Yes Yes ≤0.03 ≤0.03 ≤0.03 Yes All drivers tested 7 9.5 Yes No Democratic Republic of the Congo Yes Yes <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 Yes d No 2 – No No Denmark Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 Yes Some drivers tested — – Yes No Dominica Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 No No 1 – Yes No Dominican Republic Yes Yes ≤0.05 0.00 0.00 Yes Some drivers tested 3 – Yes No Ecuador Yes Yes ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.01 Yesd All drivers tested 7 6.8 Yes No Egypt Yesa No — — — No Some drivers tested 8 – Yes No El Salvador Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Yes Some drivers tested 7 – Yes No Equatorial Guinea Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 No — — – No No Eritrea Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.03 Yesd No 7 – Yes No Estonia Yes Yes <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 Yes All drivers tested 8 10 Yes No Eswatini Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.02 Yesd No 9 – Yes No Ethiopia Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yesd All drivers tested 2 4.3 Yes No Fiji Yes Yes ≤0.08 0.00 0.00 Yes Some drivers tested 6 5 Yes No Finland Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Yes All drivers tested 9 24 Yes No France Yes Yes <0.05 <0.02 <0.05 Yes All drivers tested 7 29 Yes No Gabon Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yes No 1 – No No Gambia Yesa No — — — No No 1 2.1 Yes No Georgia Yes Yes ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 Yesd All drivers tested 7 9 Yes No Germany Yes Yes <0.05 0.00 <0.05 Yes Some drivers tested — 7 Yes No Ghana Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yesf Some drivers tested 3 – Yes No Greece Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 Yes All drivers tested 4 25.3 Yes No Grenada Yesa No — — — No No 1 – Yes No Guatemala Yesa No — — — Yes Some drivers tested 4 – Yes No Guinea Yes Yes <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 No No 2 – No No Guinea-Bissau Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 No Some drivers tested 1 – Yes Yesb 337 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area National drink driving law Based on BAC / BrAC National maximum legal BAC levels (g/dl) Random breath testing carried out Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Enforcement % road traffic deaths involving alcohol National drug driving law Alcohol prohibitedGeneral population Young / novice drivers Professional / commercial drivers Congo Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yes No 2 – No No Cook Islands Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yes All drivers tested 6 39 Yes No Costa Rica Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02 Yes All drivers tested 4 31.2 Yes No Côte d’Ivoire Yes Yes <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 Yes No 3 – No No Croatia Yes Yes ≤0.05 0.00 0.00 Yes Some drivers tested 8 23.8 Yes No Cuba Yes Yes ≤0.01 0.00 0.00 Yes All drivers tested 7 33.3 Yes No Cyprus Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.02 ≤0.02 Yes All drivers tested 7 17.4 Yes No Czechia Yes Yes ≤0.03 ≤0.03 ≤0.03 Yes All drivers tested 7 9.5 Yes No Democratic Republic of the Congo Yes Yes <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 Yes d No 2 – No No Denmark Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 Yes Some drivers tested — – Yes No Dominica Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 No No 1 – Yes No Dominican Republic Yes Yes ≤0.05 0.00 0.00 Yes Some drivers tested 3 – Yes No Ecuador Yes Yes ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.01 Yesd All drivers tested 7 6.8 Yes No Egypt Yesa No — — — No Some drivers tested 8 – Yes No El Salvador Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Yes Some drivers tested 7 – Yes No Equatorial Guinea Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 No — — – No No Eritrea Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.03 Yesd No 7 – Yes No Estonia Yes Yes <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 Yes All drivers tested 8 10 Yes No Eswatini Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.02 Yesd No 9 – Yes No Ethiopia Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yesd All drivers tested 2 4.3 Yes No Fiji Yes Yes ≤0.08 0.00 0.00 Yes Some drivers tested 6 5 Yes No Finland Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Yes All drivers tested 9 24 Yes No France Yes Yes <0.05 <0.02 <0.05 Yes All drivers tested 7 29 Yes No Gabon Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yes No 1 – No No Gambia Yesa No — — — No No 1 2.1 Yes No Georgia Yes Yes ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 Yesd All drivers tested 7 9 Yes No Germany Yes Yes <0.05 0.00 <0.05 Yes Some drivers tested — 7 Yes No Ghana Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yesf Some drivers tested 3 – Yes No Greece Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 Yes All drivers tested 4 25.3 Yes No Grenada Yesa No — — — No No 1 – Yes No Guatemala Yesa No — — — Yes Some drivers tested 4 – Yes No Guinea Yes Yes <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 No No 2 – No No Guinea-Bissau Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 No Some drivers tested 1 – Yes Yesb 338 Country / Area National drink driving law Based on BAC / BrAC National maximum legal BAC levels (g/dl) Random breath testing carried out Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Enforcement % road traffic deaths involving alcohol National drug driving law Alcohol prohibitedGeneral population Young / novice drivers Professional / commercial drivers Guyana Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yesd No 7 17 Yes No Honduras Yes Yes <0.07 <0.07 <0.07 Yesd All drivers tested 8 6.8 Yes No Hungary Yesh Yes 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yesd All drivers tested 5 7.1 Yes No Iceland Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Yes All drivers tested 7 14 Yes No India Yes Yes ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 Yesd Some drivers tested 4 4.1 Yes No Indonesia Yesa No — — — Yes All drivers tested 9 – Yes No Iran (Islamic Republic of) Yesa No — — — Yesd Some drivers tested 7 1.7 Yes Yesb Iraq Yesa No — — — Yes Some drivers tested 2 – Yes Yesb Ireland Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02 Yes All drivers tested 10 38.5 Yes No Israel Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.01 ≤ 0.01 Yes All drivers tested 7 3.6 Yes No Italy Yes Yes ≤0.05 0.00 0.00 Yes Some drivers tested 7 20 - 25 Yes No Jamaica Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yesf Some drivers tested 2 – Yes No Japan Yes Yes <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 Yes Some drivers tested 9 5.6 Yes No Jordan Yes Yes <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 Yesi Some drivers tested 3 – Yes No Kazakhstan Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 No All drivers tested 7 0.3 Yes Yesb Kenya Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yesf No 5 – Yes No Kiribati Yes Yes ≤0.05j 0.00j 0.00j Yes No 4 – Yes No Kuwait Yesa No — — — No No 5 – Yes Yesb Kyrgyzstan Yesa No — — — Yes All drivers tested 5 – Yes No Lao People’s Democratic Republic Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 0.00 Yes No 3 – No k No Latvia Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02 Yesd All drivers tested 7 10.8 Yes No Lebanon Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 0.00 0.00 Yes Some drivers tested 3 – Yes No Lesotho Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yes No 2 60 Yes No Liberia Yes Yes <0.15 <0.15 <0.15 No All drivers tested 0 – Yes No Libya Yesa No — — — No Some drivers tested 7 1.2 Yes Yesb Lithuania Yes Yes ≤0.04 0.00 0.00 Yes All drivers tested 8 9.6 Yes No Luxembourg Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.02 < 0.02 Yes All drivers tested 6 14 Yes No Madagascar Yes Yes <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 Yes Some drivers tested 2 – Yes No Malawi Yes Yes <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 Yes No 4 – Yes No Malaysia Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yes All drivers tested 4 0.1 No No Maldives Nob No — — — No No — – No Yesb Mali Yes Yes <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 Yes No 3 0.4 Yes No Malta Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02l Yesd All drivers tested 4 – Yes No 339 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area National drink driving law Based on BAC / BrAC National maximum legal BAC levels (g/dl) Random breath testing carried out Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Enforcement % road traffic deaths involving alcohol National drug driving law Alcohol prohibitedGeneral population Young / novice drivers Professional / commercial drivers Guyana Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yesd No 7 17 Yes No Honduras Yes Yes <0.07 <0.07 <0.07 Yesd All drivers tested 8 6.8 Yes No Hungary Yesh Yes 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yesd All drivers tested 5 7.1 Yes No Iceland Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Yes All drivers tested 7 14 Yes No India Yes Yes ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 Yesd Some drivers tested 4 4.1 Yes No Indonesia Yesa No — — — Yes All drivers tested 9 – Yes No Iran (Islamic Republic of) Yesa No — — — Yesd Some drivers tested 7 1.7 Yes Yesb Iraq Yesa No — — — Yes Some drivers tested 2 – Yes Yesb Ireland Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02 Yes All drivers tested 10 38.5 Yes No Israel Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.01 ≤ 0.01 Yes All drivers tested 7 3.6 Yes No Italy Yes Yes ≤0.05 0.00 0.00 Yes Some drivers tested 7 20 - 25 Yes No Jamaica Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yesf Some drivers tested 2 – Yes No Japan Yes Yes <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 Yes Some drivers tested 9 5.6 Yes No Jordan Yes Yes <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 Yesi Some drivers tested 3 – Yes No Kazakhstan Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 No All drivers tested 7 0.3 Yes Yesb Kenya Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yesf No 5 – Yes No Kiribati Yes Yes ≤0.05j 0.00j 0.00j Yes No 4 – Yes No Kuwait Yesa No — — — No No 5 – Yes Yesb Kyrgyzstan Yesa No — — — Yes All drivers tested 5 – Yes No Lao People’s Democratic Republic Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 0.00 Yes No 3 – No k No Latvia Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02 Yesd All drivers tested 7 10.8 Yes No Lebanon Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 0.00 0.00 Yes Some drivers tested 3 – Yes No Lesotho Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yes No 2 60 Yes No Liberia Yes Yes <0.15 <0.15 <0.15 No All drivers tested 0 – Yes No Libya Yesa No — — — No Some drivers tested 7 1.2 Yes Yesb Lithuania Yes Yes ≤0.04 0.00 0.00 Yes All drivers tested 8 9.6 Yes No Luxembourg Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.02 < 0.02 Yes All drivers tested 6 14 Yes No Madagascar Yes Yes <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 Yes Some drivers tested 2 – Yes No Malawi Yes Yes <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 Yes No 4 – Yes No Malaysia Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yes All drivers tested 4 0.1 No No Maldives Nob No — — — No No — – No Yesb Mali Yes Yes <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 Yes No 3 0.4 Yes No Malta Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02l Yesd All drivers tested 4 – Yes No 340 Country / Area National drink driving law Based on BAC / BrAC National maximum legal BAC levels (g/dl) Random breath testing carried out Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Enforcement % road traffic deaths involving alcohol National drug driving law Alcohol prohibitedGeneral population Young / novice drivers Professional / commercial drivers Mauritania Yesa No — — — No No 8 – Yes Yesb Mauritius Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 Yesd All drivers tested 7 23.6 Yes No Mexico Yesm No — — — Yes Some drivers tested 7 19.5 Yes No Micronesia (Federated States of) Yes n No — — — No No 5 100 Yes No Mongolia Yes Yes <0.04o <0.04o <0.04o Yesf All drivers tested 8 25 Yes No Montenegro Yes Yes ≤0.03 0.00 ≤0.03 Yes All drivers tested 7 – Yes No Morocco Yes Yes <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 Yes No 5 3.7 Yes Yesb Mozambique Yes Yes <0.06 <0.06 <0.06 Yes Some drivers tested 6 – Yes No Myanmar Yesa No — — — Yes Some drivers tested 6 21.4 Yes Yesb Namibia Yes Yes ≤0.079 ≤0.079 ≤0.079 Yes Some drivers tested 4 3.9 Yes No Nepal Yesa No — — — Yes Some drivers tested 8 – Yes No Netherlands Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.05 Yes No 6 11 - 24 Yes No New Zealand Yes Yes ≤0.05 0.00 ≤0.05 Yes Some drivers tested 7 27 Yes No Niger Yesa No — — — No No 6 – Yes No Nigeria Yes Yes ≤0.05p ≤0.002q ≤0.000r Yes No 4 0.5 Yes No Norway Yes Yes ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02 Yes Some drivers tested 10 13 Yes No Oman Yesa No — — — Yes All drivers tested 10 0.7 Yes No Pakistan Yesa No — — — No No 4 – Yes Yesb Panama Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 Yes All drivers tested 5 – Yes No Papua New Guinea Yess No — — — No No — 56 Yes No Paraguay Yes Yes 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yes All drivers tested 6 – Yes No Peru Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤ 0.025 Yes All drivers tested 2 9.3 Yes No Philippines Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 0.00 Yesd Some drivers tested 4 – Yes No Poland Yes Yes < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 Yes All drivers tested 10 12.7 Yes No Portugal Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.02 < 0.02 Yes All drivers tested 7 29.2 Yes No Qatar Yesa No — — — No All drivers tested 9 2.2 Yes Yesb Republic of Korea Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Yesd Some drivers tested 7 11.2 Yes No Republic of Moldova Yes Yes ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 Yes All drivers tested 8 9.4 Yes No Romania Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yes All drivers tested 8 5.6 Yes No Russian Federation Yes Yes ≤0.03o ≤0.03o ≤0.03o Yes All drivers tested 6 22.9 Yes No Rwanda Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yesf Some drivers tested 9 – No No Saint Lucia Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 No All drivers tested 0 – Yes No Samoa Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yes No 8 – Yes No 341 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area National drink driving law Based on BAC / BrAC National maximum legal BAC levels (g/dl) Random breath testing carried out Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Enforcement % road traffic deaths involving alcohol National drug driving law Alcohol prohibitedGeneral population Young / novice drivers Professional / commercial drivers Mauritania Yesa No — — — No No 8 – Yes Yesb Mauritius Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 Yesd All drivers tested 7 23.6 Yes No Mexico Yesm No — — — Yes Some drivers tested 7 19.5 Yes No Micronesia (Federated States of) Yes n No — — — No No 5 100 Yes No Mongolia Yes Yes <0.04o <0.04o <0.04o Yesf All drivers tested 8 25 Yes No Montenegro Yes Yes ≤0.03 0.00 ≤0.03 Yes All drivers tested 7 – Yes No Morocco Yes Yes <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 Yes No 5 3.7 Yes Yesb Mozambique Yes Yes <0.06 <0.06 <0.06 Yes Some drivers tested 6 – Yes No Myanmar Yesa No — — — Yes Some drivers tested 6 21.4 Yes Yesb Namibia Yes Yes ≤0.079 ≤0.079 ≤0.079 Yes Some drivers tested 4 3.9 Yes No Nepal Yesa No — — — Yes Some drivers tested 8 – Yes No Netherlands Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.05 Yes No 6 11 - 24 Yes No New Zealand Yes Yes ≤0.05 0.00 ≤0.05 Yes Some drivers tested 7 27 Yes No Niger Yesa No — — — No No 6 – Yes No Nigeria Yes Yes ≤0.05p ≤0.002q ≤0.000r Yes No 4 0.5 Yes No Norway Yes Yes ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02 Yes Some drivers tested 10 13 Yes No Oman Yesa No — — — Yes All drivers tested 10 0.7 Yes No Pakistan Yesa No — — — No No 4 – Yes Yesb Panama Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 Yes All drivers tested 5 – Yes No Papua New Guinea Yess No — — — No No — 56 Yes No Paraguay Yes Yes 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yes All drivers tested 6 – Yes No Peru Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤ 0.025 Yes All drivers tested 2 9.3 Yes No Philippines Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 0.00 Yesd Some drivers tested 4 – Yes No Poland Yes Yes < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 Yes All drivers tested 10 12.7 Yes No Portugal Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.02 < 0.02 Yes All drivers tested 7 29.2 Yes No Qatar Yesa No — — — No All drivers tested 9 2.2 Yes Yesb Republic of Korea Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Yesd Some drivers tested 7 11.2 Yes No Republic of Moldova Yes Yes ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 Yes All drivers tested 8 9.4 Yes No Romania Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yes All drivers tested 8 5.6 Yes No Russian Federation Yes Yes ≤0.03o ≤0.03o ≤0.03o Yes All drivers tested 6 22.9 Yes No Rwanda Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yesf Some drivers tested 9 – No No Saint Lucia Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 No All drivers tested 0 – Yes No Samoa Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yes No 8 – Yes No 342 Country / Area National drink driving law Based on BAC / BrAC National maximum legal BAC levels (g/dl) Random breath testing carried out Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Enforcement % road traffic deaths involving alcohol National drug driving law Alcohol prohibitedGeneral population Young / novice drivers Professional / commercial drivers San Marino Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 Yesd All drivers tested 6 – Yes No Sao Tome and Principe Yes Yes <0.12 <0.12 <0.12 No No 2 – Yes No Saudi Arabia Yesa No — — — No Some drivers tested 9 – Yes Yesb Senegal Yesa No — — — No No 3 – Yes No Serbia Yes Yes ≤0.03 0.00 0.00 Yes All drivers tested 5 17 Yes No Seychelles Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yesf No 6 – Yes No Singapore Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yesf All drivers tested 8 6.4 Yes No Slovakia Yest Yes 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yes All drivers tested 8 6.1 Yes No Slovenia Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 0.00 0.00 Yes All drivers tested 7 32 Yes No Solomon Islands Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Yes Some drivers tested 7 – Yes No Somalia Yesa No — — — No No 1 – Yes Yesb South Africa Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.02 Yes Some drivers tested 5 57.5 Yes No South Sudan Yesa No — — — No No 0 – Yes No Spain Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤0.03 ≤0.03 Yes Some drivers tested 7 17 Males, 6.7 Females Yes No Sri Lanka Yes Yes < 0.08 < 0.08 < 0.08 No Some drivers tested 9 – Yes No Sudan Yesa No — — — Yes All drivers tested 7 0.3 Yes Yesb Suriname Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 Yes Some drivers tested 5 – Yes No Sweden Yes Yes < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 Yes All drivers tested 6 24 Yes No Switzerland Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.01 < 0.01 Yes Some drivers tested 6 13 Yes No Syrian Arab Republic Yesu No — — — Yes Some drivers tested 7 – No No Tajikistan Yesa No — — — Yes All drivers tested 9 4.2 Yes No Thailand Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.02 0.00 Yesd Some drivers tested 6 14.1 Yes No The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Yes Yes ≤0.05 < 0.01 ≤0.009 Yes All drivers tested 5 1.4 Yes No Timor-Leste Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 No Some drivers tested 4 – Yes No Togo Yesa No — — — No No 0 – Yes No Tonga Yes Yes <0.03o <0.03o <0.03o Yes No 5 77 No No Trinidad and Tobago Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yesd All drivers tested 6 – Yes No Tunisia Yes Yes <0.03 0.00 0.00 No All drivers tested 3 1.6 Yes No Turkey Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.02 Yes All drivers tested 9 3.3 Yes No Turkmenistan Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 Yes All drivers tested 10 – No No Uganda Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 0.00 Yesf Some drivers tested 6 0.8 Yes No Ukraine Yes Yes ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02 ≤0.02 No All drivers tested 5 6.7 Yes No 343 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area National drink driving law Based on BAC / BrAC National maximum legal BAC levels (g/dl) Random breath testing carried out Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Enforcement % road traffic deaths involving alcohol National drug driving law Alcohol prohibitedGeneral population Young / novice drivers Professional / commercial drivers San Marino Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 Yesd All drivers tested 6 – Yes No Sao Tome and Principe Yes Yes <0.12 <0.12 <0.12 No No 2 – Yes No Saudi Arabia Yesa No — — — No Some drivers tested 9 – Yes Yesb Senegal Yesa No — — — No No 3 – Yes No Serbia Yes Yes ≤0.03 0.00 0.00 Yes All drivers tested 5 17 Yes No Seychelles Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yesf No 6 – Yes No Singapore Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yesf All drivers tested 8 6.4 Yes No Slovakia Yest Yes 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yes All drivers tested 8 6.1 Yes No Slovenia Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 0.00 0.00 Yes All drivers tested 7 32 Yes No Solomon Islands Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Yes Some drivers tested 7 – Yes No Somalia Yesa No — — — No No 1 – Yes Yesb South Africa Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.02 Yes Some drivers tested 5 57.5 Yes No South Sudan Yesa No — — — No No 0 – Yes No Spain Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤0.03 ≤0.03 Yes Some drivers tested 7 17 Males, 6.7 Females Yes No Sri Lanka Yes Yes < 0.08 < 0.08 < 0.08 No Some drivers tested 9 – Yes No Sudan Yesa No — — — Yes All drivers tested 7 0.3 Yes Yesb Suriname Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 Yes Some drivers tested 5 – Yes No Sweden Yes Yes < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 Yes All drivers tested 6 24 Yes No Switzerland Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.01 < 0.01 Yes Some drivers tested 6 13 Yes No Syrian Arab Republic Yesu No — — — Yes Some drivers tested 7 – No No Tajikistan Yesa No — — — Yes All drivers tested 9 4.2 Yes No Thailand Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.02 0.00 Yesd Some drivers tested 6 14.1 Yes No The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Yes Yes ≤0.05 < 0.01 ≤0.009 Yes All drivers tested 5 1.4 Yes No Timor-Leste Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 No Some drivers tested 4 – Yes No Togo Yesa No — — — No No 0 – Yes No Tonga Yes Yes <0.03o <0.03o <0.03o Yes No 5 77 No No Trinidad and Tobago Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yesd All drivers tested 6 – Yes No Tunisia Yes Yes <0.03 0.00 0.00 No All drivers tested 3 1.6 Yes No Turkey Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.02 Yes All drivers tested 9 3.3 Yes No Turkmenistan Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 Yes All drivers tested 10 – No No Uganda Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 0.00 Yesf Some drivers tested 6 0.8 Yes No Ukraine Yes Yes ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02 ≤0.02 No All drivers tested 5 6.7 Yes No 344 Country / Area National drink driving law Based on BAC / BrAC National maximum legal BAC levels (g/dl) Random breath testing carried out Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Enforcement % road traffic deaths involving alcohol National drug driving law Alcohol prohibitedGeneral population Young / novice drivers Professional / commercial drivers United Arab Emirates Yes Yes ≤ 0.01 ≤ 0.01 ≤ 0.01 No All drivers tested 10 1.8 Yes Yesb United Kingdom Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤0.08 Yesd All drivers tested 8 13 (GB), 23 (NI) Yes No United Republic of Tanzania Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 0.00 Yes f No 6 1 Yes No United States of America Yes Yes ≤0.08 0.00 - 0.08 0.00 - 0.08 Yes Some drivers tested — 29 Yes No Uruguay Yes Yes 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yes Some drivers tested 9 – Yes No Uzbekistan Yesa No — — — Yes — 10 3.6 Yes No Vanuatu Yesa No — — — No No 0 67 Yes No Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Yes a No — — — Yes All drivers tested 4 – Yes No Viet Nam Yesv Yes 0.00— 0.05 0.00 — 0.05v 0.00 — 0.05 Yes Some drivers tested 8 – Yes No West Bank and Gaza Strip Yesa No — — — Yes No 5 – Yes No Zimbabwe Yes Yes <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 No Some drivers tested 5 – Yes No a Not based on BAC b Alcohol consumption legally prohibited c ≤0.2 g/l for motorcycles drivers d Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers e Law not based on BAC / BrAC f Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers or commission of a traffic offence g Legislation refers to testing in case of crash h Any presence of alcohol in the body is prohibited i Legislation refers to alcohol testing in case of reckless driving or in the case of a crash j BAC limit introduced by the traffic act 2017, at December 2017, the notice of commencment had not yet been signed k Legislation banning drug driving only applies to bus and truck drivers l For commercial drivers limits are as follows: «≤ 9 microgrammes in 100 ml (BrAC), 20 mg in 100 ml (BAC) and 27 mg in 100 ml of urine» while there is a 0 limit For driver of buses, coaches and other vehicles carrying passengers for a fee m Not based on BAC in 19 out of 32 states n In Yap a BAC limit is provided in the law. In Kosrae and Pohnpei, the law is not based on a BAC limit. No data is available for Chuuk o Law based on breath alcohol concentration, values converted to BAC p The legislation, as amended in 2016, refers to an alcohol legal limit of «0.05» for the general population but does not specify the unit to consider q The legislation, as amended in 2016, refers to an alcohol legal limit of «0.002» for young or novice drivers but does not specify the unit to consider r The legislation, as amended in 2016, refers to an alcohol legal limit of «0.000» for commercial drivers» but does not specify the unit to consider s Law not based on BAC 345 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area National drink driving law Based on BAC / BrAC National maximum legal BAC levels (g/dl) Random breath testing carried out Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Enforcement % road traffic deaths involving alcohol National drug driving law Alcohol prohibitedGeneral population Young / novice drivers Professional / commercial drivers United Arab Emirates Yes Yes ≤ 0.01 ≤ 0.01 ≤ 0.01 No All drivers tested 10 1.8 Yes Yesb United Kingdom Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤0.08 Yesd All drivers tested 8 13 (GB), 23 (NI) Yes No United Republic of Tanzania Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 0.00 Yes f No 6 1 Yes No United States of America Yes Yes ≤0.08 0.00 - 0.08 0.00 - 0.08 Yes Some drivers tested — 29 Yes No Uruguay Yes Yes 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yes Some drivers tested 9 – Yes No Uzbekistan Yesa No — — — Yes — 10 3.6 Yes No Vanuatu Yesa No — — — No No 0 67 Yes No Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Yes a No — — — Yes All drivers tested 4 – Yes No Viet Nam Yesv Yes 0.00— 0.05 0.00 — 0.05v 0.00 — 0.05 Yes Some drivers tested 8 – Yes No West Bank and Gaza Strip Yesa No — — — Yes No 5 – Yes No Zimbabwe Yes Yes <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 No Some drivers tested 5 – Yes No t Driving with presence of any alcohol in the body is prohibited u The law refers to regulations to set BAC limit, regulations not available v Different Bac limits are set depending on the type of vehicle used: for drivers of cars the bac limit is set at 0.00g/dl while for drivers of motorcycles and mopeds the legal bac limit is set at 0.05g/dl 346 TABLE A6: HELMET LAWS, ENFORCEMENT AND WEARING RATES BY COUNTRY / AREA Country / Area Motorcycle helmet law Children passengers on motorcycles Enforcement Helmet wearing rate (%)National motorcycle helmet law Applies to driver Applies to adult passengers Applies to all roads Applies to all engines Helmet fastening required Standard referred to and / or specified Afghanistan No — — — — — — Not restricted — Albania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 6 75% Drivers, 60% Passengers Angola Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 7 yrs 7 40% Drivers, 15% Passengers Antigua and Barbuda No — — — — — — Not restricted — Argentina Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 4 65.4% Drivers, 44.2% Passengers Armenia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 9 95% Drivers, 90% Passengers Australia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 8 yrs 8 99% Drivers Austria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 100% All riders Azerbaijan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Prohibited under 12 yrs 6 Bangladesh Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 6 Barbados Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 9 Belarus Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 8 Belgium Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited under 3 /8 yrsa 9 99% Drivers, 100% Passengers Belize Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Not restricted 5 Benin Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Not restricted 3 25% Drivers, 1% Passengers Bhutan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 9 Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 3 51.9% Drivers, 3% Passengers Bosnia and Herzegovina Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Prohibited under 12 yrs 7 Botswana Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 8 Brazil Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 7 yrs 7 83.4% Drivers, 80.1% Passengers Bulgaria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Prohibited under 12 yrs 5 80% Drivers, 30% Passengers Burkina Faso Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited under 5 yrs 4 9% All riders Burundi Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 5 Cabo Verde Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Prohibited under 7 yrs 8 Cambodia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 6 70% - 43% Drivers, 30 - 13% Passengersb Cameroon Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Prohibited under 5 yrs 1 Canada Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 10 98% Drivers, 98% Passengers Central African Republic Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Prohibited under 5 yrs 0 Chad Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Prohibited under 5 yrs 5 Chile Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 9 99% Drivers, 98% Passengers China Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 6 20% All riders Colombia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 4 96% Drivers, 79.8% Passengers 347 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Motorcycle helmet law Children passengers on motorcycles Enforcement Helmet wearing rate (%)National motorcycle helmet law Applies to driver Applies to adult passengers Applies to all roads Applies to all engines Helmet fastening required Standard referred to and / or specified Afghanistan No — — — — — — Not restricted — Albania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 6 75% Drivers, 60% Passengers Angola Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 7 yrs 7 40% Drivers, 15% Passengers Antigua and Barbuda No — — — — — — Not restricted — Argentina Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 4 65.4% Drivers, 44.2% Passengers Armenia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 9 95% Drivers, 90% Passengers Australia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 8 yrs 8 99% Drivers Austria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 100% All riders Azerbaijan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Prohibited under 12 yrs 6 Bangladesh Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 6 Barbados Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 9 Belarus Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 8 Belgium Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited under 3 /8 yrsa 9 99% Drivers, 100% Passengers Belize Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Not restricted 5 Benin Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Not restricted 3 25% Drivers, 1% Passengers Bhutan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 9 Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 3 51.9% Drivers, 3% Passengers Bosnia and Herzegovina Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Prohibited under 12 yrs 7 Botswana Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 8 Brazil Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 7 yrs 7 83.4% Drivers, 80.1% Passengers Bulgaria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Prohibited under 12 yrs 5 80% Drivers, 30% Passengers Burkina Faso Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited under 5 yrs 4 9% All riders Burundi Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 5 Cabo Verde Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Prohibited under 7 yrs 8 Cambodia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 6 70% - 43% Drivers, 30 - 13% Passengersb Cameroon Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Prohibited under 5 yrs 1 Canada Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 10 98% Drivers, 98% Passengers Central African Republic Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Prohibited under 5 yrs 0 Chad Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Prohibited under 5 yrs 5 Chile Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 9 99% Drivers, 98% Passengers China Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 6 20% All riders Colombia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 4 96% Drivers, 79.8% Passengers 348 Country / Area Motorcycle helmet law Children passengers on motorcycles Enforcement Helmet wearing rate (%)National motorcycle helmet law Applies to driver Applies to adult passengers Applies to all roads Applies to all engines Helmet fastening required Standard referred to and / or specified Comoros No — — — — — — Not restricted — Congo Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Prohibited under 5 yrs 3 27% All riders Cook Islands Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restrictedc 5 Costa Rica Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited under 5 yrs 5 98.3% Drivers, 91.8% Passengers Côte d’Ivoire Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 4 Croatia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 9 95% Drivers, 95% Passengers Cuba Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 7 yrs 8 95% Drivers, 90% Passengers Cyprus Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 7 75.1% Drivers, 68.3% Passengers Czechia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 9 Democratic Republic of the Congo Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 4 Denmark Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 5 yrs / 135 cm 98% Drivers Dominica No — — — — — — Not restricted — Dominican Republic Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited under 8 yrs 5 27% Drivers, 2% Passengers Ecuador Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 7 yrs 8 90% Drivers, 12 - 52% Passengers Egypt Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 3 El Salvador Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Not restricted 7 Equatorial Guinea Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Prohibited under 5 yrs 0 Eritrea Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 8 95% Drivers, 95% Passengers Estonia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 9 98% Drivers Eswatini Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 5 Ethiopia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 2 Fiji Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 8 yrsd 8 80% Drivers, 80% Passengers Finland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 9 98.3% All riders France Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 9 98% All riders Gabon Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Prohibited under 5 yrs 5 Gambia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 4 Georgia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 7 Germany Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Not restricted 99% Drivers, 100% Passengers Ghana Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 5 41.8% Drivers, 16.9% Passengers Greece Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 5 yrs 4 75% Drivers, 46% Passengers Grenada Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 1 Guatemala Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 4 36% Drivers, 11% Passengers 349 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Motorcycle helmet law Children passengers on motorcycles Enforcement Helmet wearing rate (%)National motorcycle helmet law Applies to driver Applies to adult passengers Applies to all roads Applies to all engines Helmet fastening required Standard referred to and / or specified Comoros No — — — — — — Not restricted — Congo Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Prohibited under 5 yrs 3 27% All riders Cook Islands Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restrictedc 5 Costa Rica Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited under 5 yrs 5 98.3% Drivers, 91.8% Passengers Côte d’Ivoire Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 4 Croatia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 9 95% Drivers, 95% Passengers Cuba Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 7 yrs 8 95% Drivers, 90% Passengers Cyprus Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 7 75.1% Drivers, 68.3% Passengers Czechia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 9 Democratic Republic of the Congo Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 4 Denmark Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 5 yrs / 135 cm 98% Drivers Dominica No — — — — — — Not restricted — Dominican Republic Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited under 8 yrs 5 27% Drivers, 2% Passengers Ecuador Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 7 yrs 8 90% Drivers, 12 - 52% Passengers Egypt Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 3 El Salvador Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Not restricted 7 Equatorial Guinea Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Prohibited under 5 yrs 0 Eritrea Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 8 95% Drivers, 95% Passengers Estonia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 9 98% Drivers Eswatini Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 5 Ethiopia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 2 Fiji Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 8 yrsd 8 80% Drivers, 80% Passengers Finland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 9 98.3% All riders France Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 9 98% All riders Gabon Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Prohibited under 5 yrs 5 Gambia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 4 Georgia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 7 Germany Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Not restricted 99% Drivers, 100% Passengers Ghana Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 5 41.8% Drivers, 16.9% Passengers Greece Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 5 yrs 4 75% Drivers, 46% Passengers Grenada Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 1 Guatemala Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 4 36% Drivers, 11% Passengers 350 Country / Area Motorcycle helmet law Children passengers on motorcycles Enforcement Helmet wearing rate (%)National motorcycle helmet law Applies to driver Applies to adult passengers Applies to all roads Applies to all engines Helmet fastening required Standard referred to and / or specified Guinea Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 4 7.9% All riders Guinea-Bissau Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 6 yrs 4 Guyana No — — — — — — Not restricted — 50% Drivers, 20% Passengers Honduras Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 4 Hungary Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 8 92.3% country roads, 100% Budapest % All riders Iceland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restrictede 9 India Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 4 30% Drivers, <10% Passengers Indonesia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 9 71.4% All riders Iran (Islamic Republic of) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 5 59% Drivers, 20% Passengers Iraq Yes Yes No Yes Yesf No No Not restricted 5 Ireland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 10 99.9% Drivers Israel Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 9 98% Drivers, 98% Passengers Italy Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 5 yrs 9 98% All riders Jamaica Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 2 6% Drivers, 2% Passengers Japan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 9 Jordan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 7 Kazakhstan Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 7 Kenya Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 3 35.1% Drivers, 2.8% Passengers Kiribati Yesg Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted Kuwait Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 3 Kyrgyzstan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 5 Lao People’s Democratic Republic Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 7 Latvia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 150 cm 7 Lebanon Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 10 yrs 5 Lesotho Yes Yes Yes Yes Noh No No Not restricted 8 75% Drivers, 3% Passengers Liberia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Prohibited under 13 yrs 1 Libya Yes No No Yes Yes No No Not restricted 1 Lithuania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 9 Luxembourg Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 10 Madagascar Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 2 Malawi Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Not restricted 2 Malaysia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 8 91.2% Drivers, 87% Passengers 351 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Motorcycle helmet law Children passengers on motorcycles Enforcement Helmet wearing rate (%)National motorcycle helmet law Applies to driver Applies to adult passengers Applies to all roads Applies to all engines Helmet fastening required Standard referred to and / or specified Guinea Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 4 7.9% All riders Guinea-Bissau Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 6 yrs 4 Guyana No — — — — — — Not restricted — 50% Drivers, 20% Passengers Honduras Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 4 Hungary Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 8 92.3% country roads, 100% Budapest % All riders Iceland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restrictede 9 India Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 4 30% Drivers, <10% Passengers Indonesia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 9 71.4% All riders Iran (Islamic Republic of) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 5 59% Drivers, 20% Passengers Iraq Yes Yes No Yes Yesf No No Not restricted 5 Ireland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 10 99.9% Drivers Israel Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 9 98% Drivers, 98% Passengers Italy Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 5 yrs 9 98% All riders Jamaica Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 2 6% Drivers, 2% Passengers Japan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 9 Jordan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 7 Kazakhstan Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 7 Kenya Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 3 35.1% Drivers, 2.8% Passengers Kiribati Yesg Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted Kuwait Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 3 Kyrgyzstan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 5 Lao People’s Democratic Republic Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 7 Latvia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 150 cm 7 Lebanon Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 10 yrs 5 Lesotho Yes Yes Yes Yes Noh No No Not restricted 8 75% Drivers, 3% Passengers Liberia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Prohibited under 13 yrs 1 Libya Yes No No Yes Yes No No Not restricted 1 Lithuania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 9 Luxembourg Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 10 Madagascar Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 2 Malawi Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Not restricted 2 Malaysia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 8 91.2% Drivers, 87% Passengers 352 Country / Area Motorcycle helmet law Children passengers on motorcycles Enforcement Helmet wearing rate (%)National motorcycle helmet law Applies to driver Applies to adult passengers Applies to all roads Applies to all engines Helmet fastening required Standard referred to and / or specified Maldives Yes Noi Noi No Yes No No Not restricted 5 Mali Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Not restricted 3 6.2% Drivers, 0.4% Passengers Malta Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 9 Mauritania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 3 Mauritius Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yesj Not restricted 10 Mexico No No No No No No No Not restricted — 83.1% Drivers, 55.4% Passengers Micronesia (Federated States of) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 7 Mongolia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restrictedk 1 Montenegro Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yesl Prohibited under 12 yrs 6 70% Drivers, 30% Passengers Morocco Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 7 64.4% Drivers, 30.5% Passengers Mozambique Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 7 yrs 4 Myanmar Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited until footrests can be reached 6 32% Drivers, 26.7% Passengers Namibia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Not restricted 7 Nepal Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 8 Netherlands Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Not restricted 5 99.9% Drivers, 84% Passengers New Zealand Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 9 Niger Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 5 Nigeria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 4 Norway Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 10 99% Drivers, 99% Passengers Oman Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 10 98% Drivers, 92% Passengers Pakistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 3 10.4% All riders Panama Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 6 Papua New Guinea Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted Paraguay Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 6 Peru Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 4 69.9% Drivers, 7.7% Passengers Philippines Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restrictedm 6 51.3% All riders, 86.7% Drivers Poland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restrictedn 7 99% Drivers, 100% Passengers Portugal Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 7 yrs 9 97.6% Drivers, 97.3% Passengers Qatar Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 9 Republic of Korea Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 6 86% Drivers, 40% Passengers Republic of Moldova Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 8 353 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Motorcycle helmet law Children passengers on motorcycles Enforcement Helmet wearing rate (%)National motorcycle helmet law Applies to driver Applies to adult passengers Applies to all roads Applies to all engines Helmet fastening required Standard referred to and / or specified Maldives Yes Noi Noi No Yes No No Not restricted 5 Mali Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Not restricted 3 6.2% Drivers, 0.4% Passengers Malta Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 9 Mauritania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 3 Mauritius Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yesj Not restricted 10 Mexico No No No No No No No Not restricted — 83.1% Drivers, 55.4% Passengers Micronesia (Federated States of) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 7 Mongolia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restrictedk 1 Montenegro Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yesl Prohibited under 12 yrs 6 70% Drivers, 30% Passengers Morocco Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 7 64.4% Drivers, 30.5% Passengers Mozambique Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 7 yrs 4 Myanmar Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited until footrests can be reached 6 32% Drivers, 26.7% Passengers Namibia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Not restricted 7 Nepal Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 8 Netherlands Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Not restricted 5 99.9% Drivers, 84% Passengers New Zealand Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 9 Niger Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 5 Nigeria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 4 Norway Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 10 99% Drivers, 99% Passengers Oman Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 10 98% Drivers, 92% Passengers Pakistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 3 10.4% All riders Panama Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 6 Papua New Guinea Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted Paraguay Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 6 Peru Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 4 69.9% Drivers, 7.7% Passengers Philippines Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restrictedm 6 51.3% All riders, 86.7% Drivers Poland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restrictedn 7 99% Drivers, 100% Passengers Portugal Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 7 yrs 9 97.6% Drivers, 97.3% Passengers Qatar Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 9 Republic of Korea Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 6 86% Drivers, 40% Passengers Republic of Moldova Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 8 354 Country / Area Motorcycle helmet law Children passengers on motorcycles Enforcement Helmet wearing rate (%)National motorcycle helmet law Applies to driver Applies to adult passengers Applies to all roads Applies to all engines Helmet fastening required Standard referred to and / or specified Romania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Prohibited under 14 yrso 7 Russian Federation Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 4 Rwanda Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Not restricted 10 Saint Lucia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 2 Samoa Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Not restricted 10 100% Drivers, 100% Passengers San Marino Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 10 Sao Tome and Principe Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Prohibited under 7 yrs 7 Saudi Arabia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 16 yrs 2 Senegal Yes No Yes Yes No No No Not restricted 5 Serbia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 8 85.7% Drivers,74.3 - 86.5% Passengers Seychelles Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Nop Prohibited under 10 yrs 7 Singapore Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 10 yrs 9 Slovakia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 8 Slovenia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrsq 8 Solomon Islands Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 6 Somalia No — — — — — — Not restricted — South Africa Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Not restricted 8 South Sudan No — — — — — — Not restricted — Spain Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited under 7 / 12 yrs 8 99% Drivers, 93.3% Passengers Sri Lanka Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 9 95% All riders Sudan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 3 Suriname Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Not restricted 7 95% Drivers, 92% Passengers Sweden Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 8 97 - 99 (97 for moped drivers)% All riders Switzerland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 9 100% Drivers Syrian Arab Republic Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No Not restricted 7 Tajikistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 6 Thailand Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 6 51% Drivers, 20% Passengers The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 7 Timor-Leste Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 7 Togo Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 7 Tonga Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 8 Trinidad and Tobago Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 9 355 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Motorcycle helmet law Children passengers on motorcycles Enforcement Helmet wearing rate (%)National motorcycle helmet law Applies to driver Applies to adult passengers Applies to all roads Applies to all engines Helmet fastening required Standard referred to and / or specified Romania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Prohibited under 14 yrso 7 Russian Federation Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 4 Rwanda Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Not restricted 10 Saint Lucia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 2 Samoa Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Not restricted 10 100% Drivers, 100% Passengers San Marino Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 10 Sao Tome and Principe Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Prohibited under 7 yrs 7 Saudi Arabia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 16 yrs 2 Senegal Yes No Yes Yes No No No Not restricted 5 Serbia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 8 85.7% Drivers,74.3 - 86.5% Passengers Seychelles Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Nop Prohibited under 10 yrs 7 Singapore Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 10 yrs 9 Slovakia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 8 Slovenia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrsq 8 Solomon Islands Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 6 Somalia No — — — — — — Not restricted — South Africa Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Not restricted 8 South Sudan No — — — — — — Not restricted — Spain Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited under 7 / 12 yrs 8 99% Drivers, 93.3% Passengers Sri Lanka Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 9 95% All riders Sudan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 3 Suriname Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Not restricted 7 95% Drivers, 92% Passengers Sweden Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 8 97 - 99 (97 for moped drivers)% All riders Switzerland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 9 100% Drivers Syrian Arab Republic Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No Not restricted 7 Tajikistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 6 Thailand Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 6 51% Drivers, 20% Passengers The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 7 Timor-Leste Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 7 Togo Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 7 Tonga Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 8 Trinidad and Tobago Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 9 356 Country / Area Motorcycle helmet law Children passengers on motorcycles Enforcement Helmet wearing rate (%)National motorcycle helmet law Applies to driver Applies to adult passengers Applies to all roads Applies to all engines Helmet fastening required Standard referred to and / or specified Tunisia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited under 6 yrs 3 Turkey Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 9 75% All riders Turkmenistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Prohibited under 12 yrs 9 Uganda Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 5 49% Drivers, 1% Passengers Ukraine Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs / 145 cm 3 United Arab Emirates Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 10 United Kingdom Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 9 United Republic of Tanzania Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 6 United States of America Yes Nor Nor No No No Yes Not restricteds 67.8% Drivers, 52.5% Passengers Uruguay Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited until footrests can be reached 7 80.2% Drivers, 71.2% Passengers Uzbekistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 10 Vanuatu Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 8 90% Drivers, 90% Passengers Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Prohibited under 10 yrs 3 Viet Nam Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 8 81% Drivers, 60.4% Passengers West Bank and Gaza Strip Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 5 Zimbabwe Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 8 a Restrictions vary depending on the type of motorcycles: children under 3 years are not allowed on mopeds and motorcycles, children under 8 years are not allowed on motorcycles over 125cc b Percentage are for day - and night -time observations, respectively c Obligation to use a helmet only applies to those riding on a motorcycle travelling above 40 km/h (except for specific provisions in Rarotonga - persons between 16 and 25 and visitors required to wear helmet at all speeds) d Except if motorcycle is fitted with one additional seat designed to transport children e Children who are 7 years or younger shall be placed in an appropriate child seat while children older than 7 years shall be able to have their feet reaching the pedals f Helmet use is required for motorcycles, defined as two or three wheeled vehicles powered by a mechanical engine of 125 cc or more. The use of motorcycles with an engine of less than 125cc is forbidden on public roads g Helmet provisions introduced by the Traffic Act 2017, at december 2017, the notice of commencment had not yet been signed h Does not apply to mopeds i Only required on roads where vehicles may be driven at a speed higher than the normal limit 357 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Motorcycle helmet law Children passengers on motorcycles Enforcement Helmet wearing rate (%)National motorcycle helmet law Applies to driver Applies to adult passengers Applies to all roads Applies to all engines Helmet fastening required Standard referred to and / or specified Tunisia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited under 6 yrs 3 Turkey Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 9 75% All riders Turkmenistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Prohibited under 12 yrs 9 Uganda Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 5 49% Drivers, 1% Passengers Ukraine Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs / 145 cm 3 United Arab Emirates Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 10 United Kingdom Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 9 United Republic of Tanzania Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 6 United States of America Yes Nor Nor No No No Yes Not restricteds 67.8% Drivers, 52.5% Passengers Uruguay Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited until footrests can be reached 7 80.2% Drivers, 71.2% Passengers Uzbekistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 10 Vanuatu Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 8 90% Drivers, 90% Passengers Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Prohibited under 10 yrs 3 Viet Nam Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 8 81% Drivers, 60.4% Passengers West Bank and Gaza Strip Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 5 Zimbabwe Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 8 j Reference is made to regulations to specify the types, shape and construction of helmets k Children under 12 can be transported on a motorcycle provided that there is a special support installed in the rear seat l As prescribed by the responsible state administration m Restrictions for children to ride as passengers on motorcycles are only set for some types of roads (where there is heavy volume of vehicles, a high density of fast moving vehicles or a speed limit of more that 60kph). on these roads conditons for children to be allowed to ride as passengers are follows: child’s feet can reach the foot peg of the motorcycle, child’s arm can reach and grasp the waist of the driver and child is wearing a standard protective helmet n Speed limit for motorcycles transporting a child under 7 is limited to 40 km/h o Children under 14 allowed to be transported in the motorcycle sidecar and must be held in the arms under 7 p Reference is made to regulations to specify helmet types, in 2017 these regulations were in the process of being developed q only children older than 12 years old are allowed to ride as passengers on motorcycles r About 40% of the states require helmets for both drivers and passengers on motorcycles s Less than 10% of the states prohibit that children ride as passengers on motorcycles 358 TABLE A7: SEAT-BELT LAWS, ENFORCEMENT AND WEARING RATES BY COUNTRY / AREA Country / Area National seat belt law Seat belt applies to Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rates (%) Drivers Front seat passengers Rear-seat passengers Drivers only Front-seat occupants Rear-seat occupants All occupants Afghanistan No — — — — Albania Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 95 85 80 87 Angola Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 60 40 10 65 Antigua and Barbuda No — — — — Argentina Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 50.2 40.8 23.1 43.6 Armenia Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 70 70 Australia Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 97 96 Austria Yes Yes Yes Yes — 95 95 93 Azerbaijan Yes Noa Noa Noa 7 80 40 20 30 Bangladesh No — — — — Barbados Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Belarus Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 Belgium Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 91.5 92.2 85.5 91.7 Belize Yes Yes Yes No 5 Benin No — — — — Bhutan Yes Yes Yes Yes 2 Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Yes Yes No No 2 20.8 3.5 0.5 9.7 Bosnia and Herzegovina Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 48 51 11 Botswana Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Brazil Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 79.4 50.2 Bulgaria Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 80 Burkina Faso Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Burundi Yes Yes Yes Yesb 7 Cabo Verde Yes Yes Yes No 5 Cambodia Yes Yes Yes Noc 7 Cameroon Yes Yes Yes No 6 Canada Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 95.7 95.2 89.2 95.3 Central African Republic Yes Yes Yes Nod 0 Chad Yes Yes Yes No 4 Chile Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 76 59 14 49.6 China Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 36.7 Colombia Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 75 64.2 2.2 47.1 Comoros No — — — — Congo Yes Yes Yes No 2 22 4 4 359 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 TABLE A7: SEAT-BELT LAWS, ENFORCEMENT AND WEARING RATES BY COUNTRY / AREA Country / Area National seat belt law Seat belt applies to Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rates (%) Drivers Front seat passengers Rear-seat passengers Drivers only Front-seat occupants Rear-seat occupants All occupants Afghanistan No — — — — Albania Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 95 85 80 87 Angola Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 60 40 10 65 Antigua and Barbuda No — — — — Argentina Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 50.2 40.8 23.1 43.6 Armenia Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 70 70 Australia Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 97 96 Austria Yes Yes Yes Yes — 95 95 93 Azerbaijan Yes Noa Noa Noa 7 80 40 20 30 Bangladesh No — — — — Barbados Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Belarus Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 Belgium Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 91.5 92.2 85.5 91.7 Belize Yes Yes Yes No 5 Benin No — — — — Bhutan Yes Yes Yes Yes 2 Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Yes Yes No No 2 20.8 3.5 0.5 9.7 Bosnia and Herzegovina Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 48 51 11 Botswana Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Brazil Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 79.4 50.2 Bulgaria Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 80 Burkina Faso Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Burundi Yes Yes Yes Yesb 7 Cabo Verde Yes Yes Yes No 5 Cambodia Yes Yes Yes Noc 7 Cameroon Yes Yes Yes No 6 Canada Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 95.7 95.2 89.2 95.3 Central African Republic Yes Yes Yes Nod 0 Chad Yes Yes Yes No 4 Chile Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 76 59 14 49.6 China Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 36.7 Colombia Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 75 64.2 2.2 47.1 Comoros No — — — — Congo Yes Yes Yes No 2 22 4 4 360 Country / Area National seat belt law Seat belt applies to Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rates (%) Drivers Front seat passengers Rear-seat passengers Drivers only Front-seat occupants Rear-seat occupants All occupants Cook Islands No — — — — Costa Rica Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 77.8 75.1 35.6 76.7 Côte d’Ivoire Yes Yes Yes No 4 Croatia Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 61.1 61.9 13.9 58 Cuba Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 35 30 Cyprus Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Czechia Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 95 98 72 Democratic Republic of the Congo Yes Yes Yes No 5 Denmark Yes Yes Yes Yes — 88/89/96 96 91 Dominica Yes Yes Yes Yes 1 Dominican Republic Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 45 18 5 34 Ecuador Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 80 26 2 36 Egypt Yes Yes Yes No 7 El Salvador Yes Yes Yes No 7 Equatorial Guinea Yes Yes Yes No 2 Eritrea Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 80 80 Estonia Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 97.8 97.3 81.8 95 Eswatini Yes Yes Yes No 9 Ethiopia Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 < 1 Fiji Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 90 75 5 72 Finland Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 96 95 85 94 France Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 98 88 Gabon Yes Yes Yes No 7 Gambia Yes Yes Yes No 6 Georgia Yes Yes Yes No 8 70 60 Germany Yes Yes Yes Yes 98 98 99 98 Ghana Yes Yes Yes Yes 3 55.6 18.4 3.5 35 Greece Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 77 74 23 72 Grenada Yes Yes Yes No 8 Guatemala Yes Yes Yes No 4 Guinea Yes Yes Yes No 3 Guinea-Bissau Yes Yes Yes No 1 Guyana Yes Yes Yes No 8 95 95 42 Honduras Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 361 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area National seat belt law Seat belt applies to Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rates (%) Drivers Front seat passengers Rear-seat passengers Drivers only Front-seat occupants Rear-seat occupants All occupants Cook Islands No — — — — Costa Rica Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 77.8 75.1 35.6 76.7 Côte d’Ivoire Yes Yes Yes No 4 Croatia Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 61.1 61.9 13.9 58 Cuba Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 35 30 Cyprus Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Czechia Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 95 98 72 Democratic Republic of the Congo Yes Yes Yes No 5 Denmark Yes Yes Yes Yes — 88/89/96 96 91 Dominica Yes Yes Yes Yes 1 Dominican Republic Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 45 18 5 34 Ecuador Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 80 26 2 36 Egypt Yes Yes Yes No 7 El Salvador Yes Yes Yes No 7 Equatorial Guinea Yes Yes Yes No 2 Eritrea Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 80 80 Estonia Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 97.8 97.3 81.8 95 Eswatini Yes Yes Yes No 9 Ethiopia Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 < 1 Fiji Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 90 75 5 72 Finland Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 96 95 85 94 France Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 98 88 Gabon Yes Yes Yes No 7 Gambia Yes Yes Yes No 6 Georgia Yes Yes Yes No 8 70 60 Germany Yes Yes Yes Yes 98 98 99 98 Ghana Yes Yes Yes Yes 3 55.6 18.4 3.5 35 Greece Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 77 74 23 72 Grenada Yes Yes Yes No 8 Guatemala Yes Yes Yes No 4 Guinea Yes Yes Yes No 3 Guinea-Bissau Yes Yes Yes No 1 Guyana Yes Yes Yes No 8 95 95 42 Honduras Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 362 Country / Area National seat belt law Seat belt applies to Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rates (%) Drivers Front seat passengers Rear-seat passengers Drivers only Front-seat occupants Rear-seat occupants All occupants Hungary Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 81.7 82.8 38.5 81 Iceland Yes Yes Yes Yes 9 90 93 86 90 India Yes Yes Yes Yes 3 14 - 40 3.5 - 11 Indonesia Yes Yes Yes No 8 69 Iran (Islamic Republic of) Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 95 93 15 68.5 Iraq Yes Yes No No 5 Ireland Yes Yes Yes Yes 10 92 94 74 91 Israel Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 91.2 88.7 69.7 87.9 Italy Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 61.9 15.4 Jamaica Yes Yes Yes Yes 3 51 54 4 Japan Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 99.5/98.5e 98/94.9f 71.8/36 94.9/89.5 Jordan Yes Yes Yes No 6 Kazakhstan Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Kenya Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 Kiribati Yes Yes Yes Yes 0 Kuwait Yes Yes Yes No 5 Kyrgyzstan Yes Noa Noa Noa 7 Lao People’s Democratic Republic Yes Yes Yes No 2 Latvia Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 81 84.7 53.0 Lebanon Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 Lesotho Yes Yes Yes No 7 Liberia No — — — — Libya Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Lithuania Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 97 30 94 Luxembourg Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 93 90 76 92 Madagascar Yes Yes Yes No 5 Malawi Yes Yes Yes No 3 25.8 21 Malaysia Yes Yes Yes No 4 82.9 73.8 9.6 48.4 Maldives Yes Nof Nog Nog 5 Mali Yesg Noh Noh Noh 4 20 Malta Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Mauritania Yes Yes Yes Noh 3 Mauritius Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 93.8 97.4 0.2 Mexico No No No No 6 81.4 49 5.6 58.9 363 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area National seat belt law Seat belt applies to Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rates (%) Drivers Front seat passengers Rear-seat passengers Drivers only Front-seat occupants Rear-seat occupants All occupants Hungary Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 81.7 82.8 38.5 81 Iceland Yes Yes Yes Yes 9 90 93 86 90 India Yes Yes Yes Yes 3 14 - 40 3.5 - 11 Indonesia Yes Yes Yes No 8 69 Iran (Islamic Republic of) Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 95 93 15 68.5 Iraq Yes Yes No No 5 Ireland Yes Yes Yes Yes 10 92 94 74 91 Israel Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 91.2 88.7 69.7 87.9 Italy Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 61.9 15.4 Jamaica Yes Yes Yes Yes 3 51 54 4 Japan Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 99.5/98.5e 98/94.9f 71.8/36 94.9/89.5 Jordan Yes Yes Yes No 6 Kazakhstan Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Kenya Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 Kiribati Yes Yes Yes Yes 0 Kuwait Yes Yes Yes No 5 Kyrgyzstan Yes Noa Noa Noa 7 Lao People’s Democratic Republic Yes Yes Yes No 2 Latvia Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 81 84.7 53.0 Lebanon Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 Lesotho Yes Yes Yes No 7 Liberia No — — — — Libya Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Lithuania Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 97 30 94 Luxembourg Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 93 90 76 92 Madagascar Yes Yes Yes No 5 Malawi Yes Yes Yes No 3 25.8 21 Malaysia Yes Yes Yes No 4 82.9 73.8 9.6 48.4 Maldives Yes Nof Nog Nog 5 Mali Yesg Noh Noh Noh 4 20 Malta Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Mauritania Yes Yes Yes Noh 3 Mauritius Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 93.8 97.4 0.2 Mexico No No No No 6 81.4 49 5.6 58.9 364 Country / Area National seat belt law Seat belt applies to Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rates (%) Drivers Front seat passengers Rear-seat passengers Drivers only Front-seat occupants Rear-seat occupants All occupants Micronesia (Federated States of) No — — — — Mongolia Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 Montenegro Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 60 40 5 35 Morocco Yes Yes Yes Noi 8 66.7 63.2 22.3 64 Mozambique Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Myanmar Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 7.4 Namibia Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Nepal Yes Yes Yes No 5 Netherlands Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 96.9 96.6 82 95.8 New Zealand Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 97 97 92 Niger No — — — — Nigeria Yes Yes Yes Yes 9 Norway Yes Yes Yes Yes 10 95.9 - 97.7j 95.2 - 95.7k 94.7 - 96k Oman Yes Yes Yes Yes 10 98 Pakistan Yes Yes No No 6 Panama Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Papua New Guinea Yes Yes Yes Yes — Paraguay Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Peru Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 58.2 15.8 0.4 32.3 Philippines Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 79.7 Poland Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 95 96 76 94 Portugal Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 96.4 95.7 77.2 94.9 Qatar Yes Yes Yes No 7 Republic of Korea Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 94 83 30 84 Republic of Moldova Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 65.5 61.8 17.5 Romania Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Russian Federation Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 76 - 86 66 - 83 20 - 50 Rwanda Yes Yes Yes No 8 Saint Lucia Yes Yes Yes No 7 Samoa Yes Yes Yes No 10 100 100 100 100 San Marino Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 Sao Tome and Principe Yes Yes Yes No 2 Saudi Arabia Yes Yes Yes Yes 3 Senegal Yes Yes Yes No 6 365 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area National seat belt law Seat belt applies to Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rates (%) Drivers Front seat passengers Rear-seat passengers Drivers only Front-seat occupants Rear-seat occupants All occupants Micronesia (Federated States of) No — — — — Mongolia Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 Montenegro Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 60 40 5 35 Morocco Yes Yes Yes Noi 8 66.7 63.2 22.3 64 Mozambique Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Myanmar Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 7.4 Namibia Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Nepal Yes Yes Yes No 5 Netherlands Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 96.9 96.6 82 95.8 New Zealand Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 97 97 92 Niger No — — — — Nigeria Yes Yes Yes Yes 9 Norway Yes Yes Yes Yes 10 95.9 - 97.7j 95.2 - 95.7k 94.7 - 96k Oman Yes Yes Yes Yes 10 98 Pakistan Yes Yes No No 6 Panama Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Papua New Guinea Yes Yes Yes Yes — Paraguay Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Peru Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 58.2 15.8 0.4 32.3 Philippines Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 79.7 Poland Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 95 96 76 94 Portugal Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 96.4 95.7 77.2 94.9 Qatar Yes Yes Yes No 7 Republic of Korea Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 94 83 30 84 Republic of Moldova Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 65.5 61.8 17.5 Romania Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Russian Federation Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 76 - 86 66 - 83 20 - 50 Rwanda Yes Yes Yes No 8 Saint Lucia Yes Yes Yes No 7 Samoa Yes Yes Yes No 10 100 100 100 100 San Marino Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 Sao Tome and Principe Yes Yes Yes No 2 Saudi Arabia Yes Yes Yes Yes 3 Senegal Yes Yes Yes No 6 366 Country / Area National seat belt law Seat belt applies to Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rates (%) Drivers Front seat passengers Rear-seat passengers Drivers only Front-seat occupants Rear-seat occupants All occupants Serbia Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 77.0 75.1 10.1 66.2 Seychelles Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Singapore Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 Slovakia Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 Slovenia Yes Yes Yes Yes 9 90.4 91.8 68.6 82.2 Solomon Islands No — — — — Somalia No — — — — South Africa Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 33 31 South Sudan No — — — — Spain Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 90.3 90.5 80.6 88.3 Sri Lanka Yes Yes Yes No 8 75 75 75 Sudan Yes Yes Yes No 5 Suriname Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 75 75 8 Sweden Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 98 96 90 97 Switzerland Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 94 94 86 Syrian Arab Republic Yes Yes Yes No 7 90 90 Tajikistan Yes Yes Yes No 3 Thailand Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 58 40 The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 21 19.8 3.1 14.6 Timor-Leste Yes Yes Yes Yes 2 Togo Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Tonga No — — — — Trinidad and Tobago Yes Yes Yes No 8 Tunisia Yes Yes Yes Yes 3 Turkey Yes Yes Yes Yes 9 50.1 40.6 Turkmenistan Yes Yes Yes Yes 10 Uganda Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 Ukraine Yes Yes Yes Yes 3 United Arab Emirates Yes Yes Yes Yes 10 United Kingdom Yes Yes Yes Yes 10 95.3 - 98k 94.6 - 98l 90.3 - 94l 97.5 - 98l United Republic of Tanzania Yes Yes Yes No 8 United States of America Yes Yes Yes Nol — 90.5 90.1 74.8 90.1 Uruguay Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 69.1 62.8 33 62.8 367 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area National seat belt law Seat belt applies to Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rates (%) Drivers Front seat passengers Rear-seat passengers Drivers only Front-seat occupants Rear-seat occupants All occupants Serbia Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 77.0 75.1 10.1 66.2 Seychelles Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Singapore Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 Slovakia Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 Slovenia Yes Yes Yes Yes 9 90.4 91.8 68.6 82.2 Solomon Islands No — — — — Somalia No — — — — South Africa Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 33 31 South Sudan No — — — — Spain Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 90.3 90.5 80.6 88.3 Sri Lanka Yes Yes Yes No 8 75 75 75 Sudan Yes Yes Yes No 5 Suriname Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 75 75 8 Sweden Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 98 96 90 97 Switzerland Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 94 94 86 Syrian Arab Republic Yes Yes Yes No 7 90 90 Tajikistan Yes Yes Yes No 3 Thailand Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 58 40 The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 21 19.8 3.1 14.6 Timor-Leste Yes Yes Yes Yes 2 Togo Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Tonga No — — — — Trinidad and Tobago Yes Yes Yes No 8 Tunisia Yes Yes Yes Yes 3 Turkey Yes Yes Yes Yes 9 50.1 40.6 Turkmenistan Yes Yes Yes Yes 10 Uganda Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 Ukraine Yes Yes Yes Yes 3 United Arab Emirates Yes Yes Yes Yes 10 United Kingdom Yes Yes Yes Yes 10 95.3 - 98k 94.6 - 98l 90.3 - 94l 97.5 - 98l United Republic of Tanzania Yes Yes Yes No 8 United States of America Yes Yes Yes Nol — 90.5 90.1 74.8 90.1 Uruguay Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 69.1 62.8 33 62.8 368 Country / Area National seat belt law Seat belt applies to Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rates (%) Drivers Front seat passengers Rear-seat passengers Drivers only Front-seat occupants Rear-seat occupants All occupants Uzbekistan Yes Yes No No 5 Vanuatu Yes Yes Yes No 2 41 20 10 20 Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Viet Nam Yes Yes Yes No 6 West Bank and Gaza Strip Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Zimbabwe Yes Yes Yes No 7 a The obligation to use seat belt does not apply in residential areas nor for children under 12 b Legislation requires drivers and passengers «and particularly those sitting in the front» to use a seat belt c Obligation to use seat belts for all passengers only applies outside cities and densely populated areas. Inside cities and densely populated areas, only the driver and front seat passenger sare required to wear a seat belt d Rear seat passengers as children under 12 are not subject to the obligation to use a seat belt e Percentage are for expressways and other roads, respectively f Only required on roads where vehicles may be driven at a speed higher than the normal limit g Seat belts are only required outside cities h The use of seat belt for rear seat passengers is only required outside urban areas i For rear seat passengers, seat-belt required only outside cities j Percentages reflect «urban» and «outside urban» areas, respectively k Percentage are for «England and Scotland» and «NI», respectively l About 40% of the states do not require seat belt for rear seats passengers 369 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area National seat belt law Seat belt applies to Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rates (%) Drivers Front seat passengers Rear-seat passengers Drivers only Front-seat occupants Rear-seat occupants All occupants Uzbekistan Yes Yes No No 5 Vanuatu Yes Yes Yes No 2 41 20 10 20 Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Viet Nam Yes Yes Yes No 6 West Bank and Gaza Strip Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Zimbabwe Yes Yes Yes No 7 370 TABLE A8: CHILD RESTRAINTS LAWS, ENFORCEMENT AND PERCENTAGE/ RATES OF CHILD RESTRAINT USE BY COUNTRY / AREA Country / Area Child restraint systems law Children seated in front seat Enforcement Percentage of children using child restraints National child restraint law Up to Child restraints required Standard referred to and / or specified Afghanistan No — — Not restricted — – Albania Yes Up to 4 yrs Yes Allowed in a child restrainta 6 – Angola Yes Up to 12 yrs / 36 kg / 150 cm Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs /150 cm 5 – Antigua and Barbuda No — — Not restricted — – Argentina Yes Up to 4 yrsb No Prohibited under 10 yrs — 26.4 Armenia No — — Allowed in a child restraintc — – Australia Yes Up to 7 yrs Yes Prohibited under 7 yrsd 7 – Austria Yes Up to 14 yrs / 150 cm Yes Allowed in a child restraint — 97 (Rear seats) Azerbaijan Noe — — Allowed in a child restrainte — – Bangladesh No — — Not restricted — – Barbados Yes Up to 4 yrs Yes Prohibited under 4 yrs 4 – Belarus Yes Up to 5 yrsf Yes Allowed in a child restraintg 8 – Belgium Yes Up to 18 yrs / 135 cm Yes h Allowed in a child restrainti 5 89 Belize No — — Not restricted — – Benin No — — Not restricted — — Bhutan No — — Not restricted — – Bolivia (Plurinational State of) No — — Not restricted — — Bosnia and Herzegovina Yes Up to 12 yrsj No Prohibited under 12 yrsk 8l 40 Botswana Yes Up to 5 yrs No Prohibited under 5 yrs 5 – Brazil Yes Up to 7.5 yrs Yes Prohibited under 10 yrs 7 57 Bulgaria Yes Up to 150 cm Yes Allowed in a child restrainti 6 – Burkina Faso Yes Up to 8 yrs No Prohibited under 7 yrs 0 – Burundi No — — Prohibited under 13 yrs — — Cabo Verde Nom — — Allowed in a child restraintn — – Cambodia Yeso Up to 4 yrs No Prohibited under 10 yrsp 0 – Cameroon No — — Not restricted — — Canada Yes —q Yes Allowed in a child restraint 8 91 Central African Republic No — — Not restrictedr — – Chad No — — Not restricted — — 371 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Child restraint systems law Children seated in front seat Enforcement Percentage of children using child restraints National child restraint law Up to Child restraints required Standard referred to and / or specified Chile Yes Up to 8 yrs / 33 kg / 135 cm Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 4 73 China No — — Not restricted — – Colombia Nos — — Prohibited under 10 yrs — 7.1 Comoros No — — Not restricted — — Congo No — — Not restricted — – Cook Islands No — — Not restricted — — Costa Rica Yes Up to 12 yrs / 145 cm No Prohibited under 12 yrs / 145 cm 5 – Côte d’Ivoire No — — Not restricted — — Croatia Yes Up to 135 - 150 cmt No Prohibited under 150 cm 5 — Cuba Nou — — Prohibited under 12 yrs — – Cyprus Yes Up to 135 - 150 cmt Yes Allowed in a child restraint i 6 – Czechia Yes Up to 36 kg / 150 cm Yes Allowed in a child restraint i 8 – Democratic Republic of the Congo No — — Prohibited under 12 yrs — — Denmark Yes Up to 135 cm Yes Allowed in a child restraintv — 97 Dominica No — — Not restricted — — Dominican Republic Yes Up to 6 yrsw Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 4 – Ecuador Yesx —x No Prohibited under 12 yrs 5 15 Egypt No — — Prohibited under 7 yrs — — El Salvador Yes Up to 2 yrs / 15 kg No Not restricted y — — Equatorial Guinea No — — Not restricted — – Eritrea Noz — — Prohibited under 9 yrsaa — – Estonia Yesab — No Not restricted 8 98 Eswatini No — — Not restricted — — Ethiopia Noac — — Prohibited under 13 yrs — – Fiji Yesad Up to 8 yrs No Allowed in a child restraint 3 – Finland Yes Up to 135 cm Yes Allowed in a child restrainti 8 97 France Yes Up to 10 yrs Yes Prohibited under 10 yrsae 9 – 372 Country / Area Child restraint systems law Children seated in front seat Enforcement Percentage of children using child restraints National child restraint law Up to Child restraints required Standard referred to and / or specified Gabon No — — Not restricted — — Gambia Yes Up to 5 yrs No Allowed in a child restraint — — Georgia No — — Prohibited under 12 yrs — – Germany Yes Up to 12 yrs / 150 cm Yes Allowed in a child restraint — 97 - 99 Ghana No — — Prohibited under 5 yrsaf — – Greece Yes Up to 135 - 150 cmag Yes Allowed in a child restraint 2 67 Grenada No — — Not restricted — — Guatemala No — — Not restricted — — Guinea Yes Up to 18 mthsah No Prohibited under 10 yrs — – Guinea-Bissau Yes Up to 12 yrs /135 cm No Prohibited under 12 yrs / 135 cm 0 – Guyana Yesai — No Not restricted 0 – Honduras Noaj — — Prohibited under 12 yrs — — Hungary Yes Up to 135 - 150 cmak Yes Allowed in a child restraint 7 67 Iceland Yes Up to 135 cm Yes Allowed in a child restraintal 9 93 India No — — Not restricted — — Indonesia No — — Not restricted — – Iran (Islamic Republic of) No — — Prohibited under 12 yrs — – Iraq No — — Prohibitedam — — Ireland Yes Up to 36 kg / 150 cm Yes Allowed in a child restraint i 10 – Israel Yes Up to 8 yrsan Yes Allowed in a child restraint 6 52 Italy Yes Up to 150 cm Yes Allowed in a child restrainti 6 38 Jamaica Yesai — Yes Not restricted 2 – Japan Yes Up to 6 yrs Yes Allowed in a child restraint 7 64 Jordan No — — Prohibited under 10 yrs — – Kazakhstan Yes —ao Yesao Allowed in a child restraint 7 – Kenya No — — Not restricted — — Kiribati Noap — — Not restricted — — Kuwait No — — Prohibited under 10 yrs — — 373 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Child restraint systems law Children seated in front seat Enforcement Percentage of children using child restraints National child restraint law Up to Child restraints required Standard referred to and / or specified Kyrgyzstan Noaq — — Allowed in a child restraintar — – Lao People’s Democratic Republic Yes as — No Not restricted 1 – Latvia Yes Up to 150 cm No Allowed in a child restraintat 7 – Lebanon Yes Up to 5 yrsau No Prohibited under 10 yrs 3 – Lesotho No — — Not restricted — — Liberia No — — Not restricted — — Libya No — — Not restricted — – Lithuania Yes Up to 135 cm Yes Allowed in a child restraintav 8 – Luxembourg Yes Up to 17 yrs / 150 cm Yes Allowed in a child restraint i 8 – Madagascar No — — Prohibited under 5 yrs — – Malawi No — — Not restricted — — Malaysia No — — Not restricted — — Maldives No — — Not restricted — – Mali Noaw — — Prohibited under 10 yrs — – Malta Yes Up to 3 yrsax Yes Allowed in a child restraint 3 – Mauritania No — — Prohibited under 10 yrs — — Mauritius No — — Prohibited under 10 yrs — — Mexico No — — Not restricted — 13.7 Micronesia (Federated States of) No — — Not restricted — — Mongolia No — — Not restricted — – Montenegro Yes Up to 5 yrs No Prohibited under 12 yrsay 4 – Morocco No — — Prohibited under 10 yrs — – Mozambique Yes Up to 12 yrs No Prohibited under 12 yrsaz 4 – Myanmar No — — Not restricted — – Namibia Noba — — Not restricted — – Nepal No — — Not restricted — – Netherlands Yes Up to 18 yrs / 135 cm Yes Allowed in a child restraint i 6 – New Zealand Yes Up to 7 yrs No Allowed in a child restraint 8 93 and 95bb Niger No — — Not restricted — – 374 Country / Area Child restraint systems law Children seated in front seat Enforcement Percentage of children using child restraints National child restraint law Up to Child restraints required Standard referred to and / or specified Nigeria Yes Up to 7 yrs No Prohibited under 7 yrs 3 – Norway Yes Up to 135 - 150 cmbc Yes Allowed in a child restraint i 10 – Oman Yes Up to 4 yrs No Prohibited under 10 yrs 7 – Pakistan No — — Not restricted — – Panama Nobd — — Prohibited under 5 yrs — – Papua New Guinea No — — Not restrictedbe — — Paraguay Yes Up to 5 yrs No Prohibited under 10 yrs 2 – Peru Yes Up to 3 yrsbf Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 1 <1 Philippines No — — Prohibited under 6 yrsbg — — Poland Yes Up to 135 - 150 cmbc Yes Allowed in a child restraint i 7 93 Portugal Yes Up to 12 yrs / 135 cm Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs /135 cmbh 8 91 - 100 Qatar No — — Prohibited under 10 yrs — 72 Republic of Korea Nobi — — Allowed in a child restraintbj — 40 - 42 Republic of Moldova Yesbk — No Prohibited under 12 yrs 8 50 Romania Yes Up to 135 cm Yes Allowed in a child restraintbl 7 – Russian Federation Yesbm Up to 7 yrsbn Yes Allowed in a child restraintbo 7 49 - 52 Rwanda No — — Not restricted — — Saint Lucia No — — Not restricted — — Samoa Nobp — — Not restrictedbq — – San Marino Yes Up to 150 cm Yes Allowed in a child restraint 8 – Sao Tome and Principe Nobr — — Prohibited under 12 yrs / 150 cmbs — – Saudi Arabia Yes —bt No Prohibited under 10 yrs 1 – Senegal No — — Not restricted — – Serbia Yes Up to 3 yrs Yes Prohibited under 12 yrsbu 3 28 Seychelles Yesbv —bw No Not restricted 5 – Singapore Yes Up to 135 cm Yes Allowed in a child restraint 8 – Slovakia Yes Up to 150 cm Yes Allowed in a child restrainti 8 – Slovenia Yes Up to 150 cm No Allowed in a child restrainti 9 – 375 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Child restraint systems law Children seated in front seat Enforcement Percentage of children using child restraints National child restraint law Up to Child restraints required Standard referred to and / or specified Solomon Islands No — — Not restricted — — Somalia No — — Not restricted — – South Africa Yes Up to 3 yrs Yes Not restrictedbx 5 – South Sudan No — — Not restricted — — Spain Yes Up to 135 cm Yes Prohibited under 135 cmby 8 88 Sri Lanka No — — Not restricted — – Sudan No — — Prohibited under 10 yrs — – Suriname Yesbz —bz No Allowed in a child restraint 4 – Sweden Yes Up to 135 cm Yes Allowed in a child restrainti 6 96 Switzerland Yes Up to 12 yrs / 150 cmca Yes Allowed in a child restraint 7 93 Syrian Arab Republic No — — Prohibited under 12 yrs — – Tajikistan Nocb — — Allowed in a child restraintcc — – Thailand No — — Not restricted — – The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Yes Up to 5 yrs No Prohibited under 12 yrs cd 7 – Timor-Leste No — — Prohibited under 12 yrsce — – Togo No — — Not restricted — — Tonga No — — Not restricted — — Trinidad and Tobago Yes Up to 5 yrs Yes Prohibited under 5 yrs 3 – Tunisia No — — Prohibited under 10 yrs — – Turkey Yes Up to 36 kg / 135 - 150 cmcf Yes Allowed in a child restraint i 9 – Turkmenistan Nocg — — Allowed in a child restraintch — – Uganda No — — Not restricted — — Ukraine Yesci — No Allowed in a child restraintcj 2 – United Arab Emirates Yes Up to 4 yrs ck Yes Prohibited under 10 yrs / 145 cm 7 – United Kingdom Yes Up to 12 yrs / 135 cm Yes Allowed in a child restraint 10 95 (NI) United Republic of Tanzania No — — Not restricted — — United States of America Yes —cl Yes Allowed in a child restraint — 89 376 Country / Area Child restraint systems law Children seated in front seat Enforcement Percentage of children using child restraints National child restraint law Up to Child restraints required Standard referred to and / or specified Uruguay Yes Up to 12 yrs / 36 kg / 150 cm Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs / 150 cm 4 23 Uzbekistan No — — Allowed in a child restraint — — Vanuatu Nocm — — Allowed in a child restraintcn — – Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Yes co — No Prohibited under 10 yrs 3 – Viet Nam No — — Not restricted — — West Bank and Gaza Strip Yes Up to 14 yrs Yes cp Allowed in a child restraint 3 – Zimbabwe No — — Prohibited under 10 yrs — – a Children under 12 years can travel in the front if placed in an appropriate restraining device (with airbag deactivated for rear-facing restraint) b A 2018 amendment (not covered in the review period ending at December 2017) raised the age for mandatory child restraint use to 10 years old c Transport of children under 12 years in the front seat shall be made in a «child protecting device» d In no circumstances are children under 4 years allowed to sit in the front. Children from 4 to 7 years can sit in the front only if there is no room for them in the back due to the back seats being occupied by other children under 7 years e Child restraint systems are only required for children under 12 years seated in the front f For children aged 5-12 years, either CRS or «other means» (than CRS) can be used to secure the child using the seat belt g If rear-facing child restraints, airbag shall be deactivated h All child restraints sold in Belgium must comply with UNECE regulation i Provided that airbag is deactivated if child is in a rear-facing child restraint system j Children aged 5-12 years can be either restrained in a booster seat or in a child restraint k By exception, a child under 2 years can be seated in the front if there is no airbag installed or if the airbag is deactivated when the child is seated in a rear-facing seat l Data only for Republic od Srpska m The legislation refers to the use of either child restraint systems or seat-belts for children n Children under 12 yrs / 150 cm shall normally sit in the rear except if placed in a suitable restraint o Enters into force in January 2020 p Ban on children under 10 years travelling in front seats enters into force in January 2020 q Child restraint laws are enacted at subnational level. While all provinces require the use of child restraints, they provide different age / height criteria to specify the period for mandatory use of child restraint / booster seats r Legislation only recommends («as far as possible») to place children under 12 years in the rear s A child under 2 years travelling with a driver only shall be placed in a child restraint. If there is an adult passenger, the child can be held by the adult instead of being placed in a child restraint. t A child of height 135-150 cm can be restrained with an adult seat belt only provided that this child sits in the rear of the car u Children under 2 years shall be either accompanied by adults or restrained with special accessories 377 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 v Provided that airbag is deactivated if a rear-facing restraint is used w Children aged 6-12 years shall be placed in a booster seat x The legislation refers to seat belt or child restraints for children under 12 years but does not yet specify a minimum age / height / weight under which only child restraint systems can be used y Except for children under 2 yrs old or 15 kg who are required to be transported in a child restraint z Legislation refers to the use of child restraint or seat belts for «children over 9» while children under 3 years are required to be placed in a restraint only while seated in the front aa Except for an infant under 3 years fitted in a proper restraint ab The legislation generally states that children not tall enough to wear a seat belt must be secured by a safety device corresponding to the height and weight of the child but does not specify age / height / weight group covered ac Legislation requires that children under 7 years be either accompanied by an adult or «hugged by an instrument made for safety purpose» ad The obligation to use a child restraint for children under 8 years sitting in the rear is subject to the availability of a restraint system in the car ae By exception, children under 10 years can sit in the front if placed in a rear-facing child restraint (if front airbag is deactivated) or if there are no available rear seats af Under the road traffic act, children aged 5 years and below shall not sit in the front, while under the road traffic regulations they can sit in the front if placed in a child restraint ag The use of seat belt is allowed for children of height 135-150 cm sitting in the rear ah The legislation refers to homologated seats for children under 18 months and to cribs and hammocks for children under 10 years ai The legislation refers to child restraint system for children but does not specify the age / height group covered by this obligation aj Legislation refers to the protection of children under 5 years but does not specify which form this protection takes ak Children of height 135 - 150 cm can be restrained with seat belts only if they sit in the back al Seating of children under 150 cm allowed in the front only if front airbag deactivated am The law prohibits children to sit in the front but does not specify the age, size or weight of children concerned an For children under 3 years, a child restraint is required (an a rear facing child restraint for children under one year) while for children aged 3-8 years the legislation refers either to child restraint or booster seat use ao The legislation requires that children under 12 years be placed in a child restraint or «other means» used in conjunction with a seat belt ap The traffic act 2017 requires children aged 1-16 years to be either seated in the back with a seat belt or restrained by passenger over 16 yrs aq Legislation only refers to the use of child restraints for children under 12 years travelling in the front ar Children under 12 years travelling in the front of a car must be placed in a child restraint as The law states that children unable to wear normal seat belts must be placed in a child restraint seat but no specific age / weight / height is specified at Except if no seat belt is fitted in the vehicle, in which case children under 150 cm shall be travelling in the rear au Legislation refers to regulations to further specify the child restraint rules av If transported in rear facing restraints, airbag must be deactivated aw Children under 13 years can be restrained either by a child restraint systems or a seat belt ax Legislation refers to child restraint use for children up to 12 yrs /150 cm but allows children aged 3 year and over, in the absence of an available restraint, to travel in the rear without a restraint. For children under 3 years, a child restraint shall be mandatorily used ay By exception, a child under 3 years can be transported in the front of the vehicle if placed in a rear-facing restraint provided that airbag is deactivated az Except for infants under 3 years in a rear-facing child restraint air airbag deactivated ba The law requires the use of child restraints for children (defined as people between the age of 3 and 14) if available or the use of a seat belt if a child restraint is not available if an unoccupied seat fitted with a seat belt is available bb 93% 0-4 years, 95% 5-9 years bc Child restraints are required for children under 150 cm. By exception, children of height 135-150 cm can be restrained with a seat belt only if sitting in the rear bd Children under 2 years shall be placed in a child restraint only where there is no other passenger seated in the rear be Children can sit in the front as long as they are using a seat belt bf Legislation requires the use of the seat belt for children from 3-12 years old bg Ban on front seating set for children aged 6 years and below bh Except for children under 3 years in a rear-facing child restraint with airbag deactivated bi Only required for small children (defined as children under 6) sitting in the front bj Safety seats required for small children (defined as children under 6) sitting in the front bk The legislation refers to the use of child restraint systems or other means to transport children under 12 years bl If in accordance with the manufacturer’s instruction and for rear-facing restraint if airbag is deactivated bm Since 2017, child restraint systems are the only form of restraint allowed for children under 7 years old (before the 2017 revision, children under 12 were to be restrained either in a child restraint or by «other means») bn For children aged 7-11 years old (included) sitting in the rear, child restraint or seat belt can be used bo Children up to 11 years old (included) while sitting in the front shall be placed in a child restraint, children aged 12 years and more can sit in the front without a child restraint bp Legislation refers to either child restraint or seat belt to restrain children under 12 years bq Except if child restraint or seat belt are available in the front seat br Legislation refers to either child restraint or seat belt use to transport children bs Except if the vehicle does not have rear seats provided and such transportation is made in a child restraint (with airbag deactivated if a rear-facing restraint is being used) bt Reference is made to special seats to be used for children with no details as to the specific age / height under which children should be mandatorily placed in them bu Except for children under 3 years if airbag is deactivated bv The legislation refers to the use of child restraint systems for infant or child passenger but does not refer to a specific age/ height up to which the use of child restraint is mandatory 378 bw Obligation not based on age / height or weight bx Obligation to place children in the rear only applies in vehicles not fitted with seat belts and having rear seats by Front seating for children under 135 cm is only allowed as an exception if there are no seats in the back or all other seats are occupied by children bz For children under 10 years, the legislation refers to the use of child restraint system (CRS) where available and appropriate, and specifies that in the absence of child restraint, seat belts are to be used ca Children under 12 years and less than 150 cm shall be placed in a child restraint cb Legislation refers to the use of child restraints or «other means» to secure children up to 12 years old but allows the transport of children under 12 years on the knees of an adult passenger seated in the back with the seat belt fastened cc Front seating of children under 12 years allowed if a child restraint is being used cd Except for children under 2 years in a rear-facing child restraint if airbag is deactivated ce Unless the vehicle does not have a back seat and such transportation is carried out by using an approved child restraint, appropriate to the child’s size and weight cf Child restraints are required for children under 150 cm, by exception, children of height 135-150 cm can be restrained with a seat belt only if they sit in the back cg Special seating equipment for children under 12 years is only mentioned only in relation with front seating ch Law does not specifically refer to child restraint system but to «special seating equipment» for children under 12 years ci The legislation refers to the use of «special means» to be used in conjunction with the seat belt to restraint children under 12 years and 145 cm cj No specific reference to child restraint but to «special means» for children under 145 cm and 12 years sitting in the front ck Child restraints are required for children aged 4 and below cl Child restraint laws are enacted at subnational level. While all states require the use of child restraints, they provide different age / weight / height criteria to specify the period for mandatory use of child restraints/ booster seats cm Legislation allows that infants (defined as children under 3 years) be held by a responsible person as an alternative to using special seats cn Infant (defined as children under 3 years) shall be placed in a restraining seat while travelling in the front co The law requires «infants» to use «special seats for that purpose» but does not specify the age for children falling into the «infants» category cp Law refers to a device of the type validated by the lincesing authrotiy to restraint children under 14 years 379 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 TABLE A9: MOBILE PHONE LAWS BY COUNTRY / AREA Country / Area National mobile phone law Mobile phone law Any data on use of mobile phone while driving Applies to hand- held phone use Applies to hands- free phone use Afghanistan No — — No Albania Yes Yes No Yes Angola Yes Yes No Yes Antigua and Barbuda No — — No Argentina Yes Yes Yes Yes Armenia Yes Yes No Yes Australia Yes Yes No Yes Austria Yes Yes No Yesa Azerbaijan Yes Yes No No Bangladesh No — — No Barbados Yes Yes No No Belarus Yes Yes No Yes Belgium Yes Yes No Yesa Belize No — — No Benin Yes Yes Yes No Bhutan Yes Yes No No Bolivia (Plurinational State of) No — — No Bosnia and Herzegovina Yes Yes No Yesa Botswana Yes Yes No Yes Brazil Yes Yes Yes Yesa Bulgaria Yes Yes No No Burkina Faso Yes Yes No No Burundi Yes Yes Yes No Cabo Verde Yes Yes No Yes Cambodia Yes Yes No No Cameroon Yes Yes Yes No Canada Yes Yes No Yesa Central African Republic Yes Yes Yes No Chad Yes Yes Yes No Chile Yes Yes No Yes China Yes Yes No Yes Colombia Yes Yes No No Comoros No — — No Congo Yes Yes Yes No 380 Country / Area National mobile phone law Mobile phone law Any data on use of mobile phone while driving Applies to hand- held phone use Applies to hands- free phone use Cook Islands No — — No Costa Rica Yes Yes No Yes Côte d’Ivoire Yes Yes Yes No Croatia Yes Yes No Yesa Cuba Yes Yes Yes Yes Cyprus Yes Yes No Yes Czechia Yes Yes No Yesa Democratic Republic of the Congo No — — No Denmark Yes Yes No No Dominica No — — — Dominican Republic Yes Yes No Yesa Ecuador Yes Yes No Yes Egypt Yes Yes No No El Salvador Yes Yes Yes Yes Equatorial Guinea Yes Yes Yes No Eritrea Yes Yes No Yes Estonia Yes Yes No Yes Eswatini Yes Yes No No Ethiopia Yes Yes Yes Yes Fiji Yes Yes Yes Yes Finland Yes Yes No Yesa France Yes Yes No Yes Gabon Yes Yes Yes No Gambia Yes Yes No No Georgia Yes Yes No Yes Germany Yes Yes No Yesa Ghana Yes Yes No No Greece Yes Yes No Yesa Grenada No — — No Guatemala Yes Yes No Yes Guinea Yes Yes No No Guinea-Bissau Yes Yes No Yes Guyana Yes Yes No Yes 381 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area National mobile phone law Mobile phone law Any data on use of mobile phone while driving Applies to hand- held phone use Applies to hands- free phone use Honduras Yes Yes Yes Yes Hungary Yes Yes No Yes Iceland Yes Yes No Yes India Yes Yes Yes Yes Indonesia Yes No No Yes Iran (Islamic Republic of) Yes Yes Yes No Iraq Yes Yes Yes No Ireland Yes Yes No Yes Israel Yes Yes No — Italy Yes Yes No Yesa Jamaica No — — Yes Japan Yes Yes No Yes Jordan Yes Yes No No Kazakhstan Yes Yes No Yes Kenya Yes Yes No No Kiribati Yes Yes No No Kuwait Yes Yes No No Kyrgyzstan Yes Yes No Yes Lao People’s Democratic Republic Yes Yes Yes No Latvia Yes Yes No No Lebanon Yes Yes Yes No Lesotho No — — No Liberia No — — No Libya Yes No No Yes Lithuania Yes Yes No Yes Luxembourg Yes Yes No No Madagascar Yes Yes No No Malawi Yes Yes No Yesa Malaysia Yes Yes No Yesa Maldives Yes Yes No No Mali Yes Yes No Yesa Malta Yes Yes No No Mauritania Yes Yes Yes Yes 382 Country / Area National mobile phone law Mobile phone law Any data on use of mobile phone while driving Applies to hand- held phone use Applies to hands- free phone use Mauritius Yes Yes Yes Yes Mexico No No No Yesa Micronesia (Federated States of) No — — No Mongolia Yes Yes No No Montenegro Yes Yes Yes Yes Morocco Yes Yes No Yesa Mozambique Yes Yes No No Myanmar No — — No Namibia Yes Yes No No Nepal No — — No Netherlands Yes Yes No Yes New Zealand Yes Yes No Yes Niger Yes Yes Yes No Nigeria Yes Yes Yes Yes Norway Yes Yes No No Oman Yes Yes No Yes Pakistan Yes Yes No No Panama Yes Yes Yes No Papua New Guinea No — — No Paraguay Yes Yes Yes No Peru Yes Yes No Yesa Philippines Yes Yes No Yes Poland Yes Yes No Yesa Portugal Yes Yes No No Qatar Yes Yes No Yes Republic of Korea Yes Yes No Yesa Republic of Moldova Yes Yes No No Romania Yes Yes No No Russian Federation Yes Yes No Yesa Rwanda No — — No Saint Lucia Yes No No No Samoa Yes Yes No Yes San Marino Yes Yes No No 383 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area National mobile phone law Mobile phone law Any data on use of mobile phone while driving Applies to hand- held phone use Applies to hands- free phone use Sao Tome and Principe Yes Yes No No Saudi Arabia Yes Yes No Yes Senegal Yes Yes Yes No Serbia Yes Yes No Yes Seychelles Yes Yes No Yes Singapore Yes Yes No No Slovakia Yes Yes No Yes Slovenia Yes Yes No No Solomon Islands No — — No Somalia No — — No South Africa Yes Yes No Yes South Sudan No — — No Spain Yes Yes No Yes Sri Lanka Yes Yes No No Sudan Yes Yes Yes No Suriname Yes Yes No Yes Sweden Yes No No No Switzerland Yes Yes No Yes Syrian Arab Republic Yes Yes Yes Yes Tajikistan Yes Yes No No Thailand Yes Yes No No The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Yes Yes No Yes Timor-Leste Yes Yes No No Togo Yes Yes Yes No Tonga No — — No Trinidad and Tobago Yes Yes No Yes Tunisia Yes Yes No No Turkey Yes Yes Yes Yes Turkmenistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Uganda Yes Yes No No Ukraine Yes Yes No No United Arab Emirates Yes Yes No Yes United Kingdom Yes Yes No Yes 384 Country / Area National mobile phone law Mobile phone law Any data on use of mobile phone while driving Applies to hand- held phone use Applies to hands- free phone use United Republic of Tanzania No — — No United States of America Yes Nob No Yes Uruguay Yes Yes No Yes Uzbekistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Vanuatu No — — No Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Yes Yes No No Viet Nam Yes Yes No No West Bank and Gaza Strip Yes Yes No No Zimbabwe Yes Yes No No a Only some specific studies b The majority of states prohibit texting while driving 385 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 TABLE A10: ROAD SAFETY MANAGEMENT, STRATEGIES AND TARGETS BY COUNTRY / AREA Country / Area Lead agency Functions of the lead agency Road safety strategies Road safety targets A le ad a ge nc y is p re se nt Th e le ad a ge nc y is fu nd ed Co or di na tio n Le gi sl at io n M on ito rin g & ev al ua tio n Th er e is a na tio na l r oa d sa fe ty s tr at eg y Th e st ra te gy is fu nd ed Fa ta l N on -f at al Afghanistan No — — — — No — — — Albania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Angola Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded — — Antigua and Barbuda Yes No Yes Yes Yes No — — — Argentina Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes No Armenia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — — Australia Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Not funded Yes Yes Austria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Azerbaijan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — — Bangladesh Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Barbados Yes No Yes Yes Yes No — — — Belarus Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Partially funded Yes No Belgium No — — — — Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Belize Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Benin Yes No Yes No Yes No — — — Bhutan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Bosnia and Herzegovina Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Botswana Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes No Brazil Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded No No Bulgaria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Burkina Faso Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Burundi Yes Yes Yes Yes No No — — — Cabo Verde Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Cambodia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Cameroon No — — — — Yes Partially funded No No Canada Yes Noa Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Central African Republic Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes — — — — Chad Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Partially funded Yes Yes 386 Country / Area Lead agency Functions of the lead agency Road safety strategies Road safety targets A le ad a ge nc y is p re se nt Th e le ad a ge nc y is fu nd ed Co or di na tio n Le gi sl at io n M on ito rin g & ev al ua tio n Th er e is a na tio na l r oa d sa fe ty s tr at eg y Th e st ra te gy is fu nd ed Fa ta l N on -f at al Chile Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded No No China Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Colombia Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Comoros Yes No Yes Yes Yes No — — — Congo Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Cook Islands Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Costa Rica Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes No Côte d’Ivoire Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes Yes Croatia No — — — — Yes Fully funded Yes No Cuba Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes No Cyprus Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Czechia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Democratic Republic of the Congo Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded No — Denmark No — — — — Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Dominica Yes No Yes Yes Yes No — — — Dominican Republic Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Ecuador Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Egypt Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Partially funded Yes No El Salvador Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Equatorial Guinea Yes Yes Yes Yes No No — — — Eritrea Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Estonia Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Eswatini Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — — Ethiopia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Fiji Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Finland Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Partially funded Yes No France Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes No Gabon Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not funded — — Gambia Yes Yes Yes No No No — — — 387 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Lead agency Functions of the lead agency Road safety strategies Road safety targets A le ad a ge nc y is p re se nt Th e le ad a ge nc y is fu nd ed Co or di na tio n Le gi sl at io n M on ito rin g & ev al ua tio n Th er e is a na tio na l r oa d sa fe ty s tr at eg y Th e st ra te gy is fu nd ed Fa ta l N on -f at al Georgia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded No No Germany Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Partially funded Yes No Ghana Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Greece Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Grenada Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — — Guatemala Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Guinea Yes — Yes — — No — — — Guinea-Bissau No — — — — No — — — Guyana Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Honduras Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded No No Hungary No — — — — Yes Partially funded Yes No Iceland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded — — India Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Indonesia Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Partially funded Yes No Iran (Islamic Republic of) Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Iraq Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Not funded No No Ireland Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Fully funded Yes Yes Israel Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded No No Italy Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Jamaica Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Partially funded Yes No Japan Yes Yes No No No Yes Fully funded Yes Yes Jordan No — — — — No — — — Kazakhstan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Kenya Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — — Kiribati No — — — — Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Kuwait Yes Yes Yes No No No — — — Kyrgyzstan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes — Lao People’s Democratic Republic Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Latvia No — — — — Yes Not funded Yes Yes 388 Country / Area Lead agency Functions of the lead agency Road safety strategies Road safety targets A le ad a ge nc y is p re se nt Th e le ad a ge nc y is fu nd ed Co or di na tio n Le gi sl at io n M on ito rin g & ev al ua tio n Th er e is a na tio na l r oa d sa fe ty s tr at eg y Th e st ra te gy is fu nd ed Fa ta l N on -f at al Lebanon Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — — Lesotho Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — — Liberia No — — — — No — — — Libya Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Not funded Yes Yes Lithuania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Luxembourg Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Madagascar Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Malawi Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Malaysia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Maldives Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not funded No No Mali Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Malta Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes Yes Mauritania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Mauritius Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes Yes Mexico Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Micronesia (Federated States of) No — — — — No — — — Mongolia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Montenegro Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Morocco Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes No Mozambique Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded No No Myanmar Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Not funded Yes No Namibia Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Nepal Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded — — Netherlands Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes New Zealand Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes No Niger Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded No Yes Nigeria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes Yes Norway Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes Yes Oman Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes Yes Pakistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded No No 389 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Lead agency Functions of the lead agency Road safety strategies Road safety targets A le ad a ge nc y is p re se nt Th e le ad a ge nc y is fu nd ed Co or di na tio n Le gi sl at io n M on ito rin g & ev al ua tio n Th er e is a na tio na l r oa d sa fe ty s tr at eg y Th e st ra te gy is fu nd ed Fa ta l N on -f at al Panama Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Papua New Guinea Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded No No Paraguay Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Peru Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Philippines Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes Yes Poland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Portugal Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Qatar Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes Yes Republic of Korea Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Republic of Moldova Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Romania Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Russian Federation Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Rwanda Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded No Yes Saint Lucia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — — Samoa Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No San Marino Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded No No Sao Tome and Principe Yes No Yes Yes Yes No — — — Saudi Arabia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded — — Senegal Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Serbia Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Seychelles Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded No No Singapore Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded No No Slovakia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Slovenia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Solomon Islands Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — — Somalia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not funded No No South Africa Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No South Sudan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — — 390 Country / Area Lead agency Functions of the lead agency Road safety strategies Road safety targets A le ad a ge nc y is p re se nt Th e le ad a ge nc y is fu nd ed Co or di na tio n Le gi sl at io n M on ito rin g & ev al ua tio n Th er e is a na tio na l r oa d sa fe ty s tr at eg y Th e st ra te gy is fu nd ed Fa ta l N on -f at al Spain Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes Yes Sri Lanka Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Sudan Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Suriname No — — — — No — — — Sweden Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Switzerland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — — Syrian Arab Republic Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded No No Tajikistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded No No Thailand Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Timor-Leste Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded No No Togo Yes No Yes Yes Yes No — — — Tonga Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Trinidad and Tobago Yes No No No No Yes Partially funded No No Tunisia Yes Yes Yes No Yes No — — — Turkey Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes Yes Turkmenistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded No — Uganda Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Ukraine No — — — — No — — — United Arab Emirates Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes United Kingdom Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes United Republic of Tanzania Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No United States of America Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes Yes Uruguay Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — — Uzbekistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — — Vanuatu Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Partially funded — — 391 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Lead agency Functions of the lead agency Road safety strategies Road safety targets A le ad a ge nc y is p re se nt Th e le ad a ge nc y is fu nd ed Co or di na tio n Le gi sl at io n M on ito rin g & ev al ua tio n Th er e is a na tio na l r oa d sa fe ty s tr at eg y Th e st ra te gy is fu nd ed Fa ta l N on -f at al Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded No No Viet Nam Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No West Bank and Gaza Strip Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded No No Zimbabwe Yes No Yes Yes Yes No — — — a A self-sustaining prganisation through membership fees and data services. 392 TABLE A11: SAFER MOBILITY BY COUNTRY / AREA Country / Area Number of registered vehicles Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Inspections / star rating of existing roads Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Investments to upgrade high risk locations Policies & investment in urban public transport Policies promoting walking and cycling Afghanistan 655 357 Partial – Partial Yes Yes No Albania 563 106 Yes No Partial Yes Yes Subnational Angola No No Partial Yes Yes Yes Antigua and Barbuda 36 030 Partial No Partial No No No Argentina 21 633 587 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Armenia Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes No Australia 18 326 236 Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Austria 7 421 647 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Azerbaijan 1 330 551 Partial Yes Partial No Yes No Bangladesh 2 879 708 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes No Barbados 117 104 No Yes Partial No Yes No Belarus 4 192 291 No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Belgium 7 330 718 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Subnational Belize 56 094 Yes Yes Yes No No No Benin 469 761 Partial No Partial Yes No No Bhutan 86 981 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 1 711 005 Yes Yes Yes No Yes Subnational Bosnia and Herzegovina 978 229 Partial Yes Yes Yes No Subnational Botswana 653 274 Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Brazil 93 867 016 Yes No Partial Yes Yes Yes Bulgaria 4 031 748 Partial No Yes No Yes Yes Burkina Faso 2 106 292 Partial Yes Yes Yes No No Burundi 111 236 Partial No No No No No Cabo Verde 64 955 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes No Cambodia 3 751 715 Yes Yes No Yes No No Cameroon 758 145 Partial Yes Partial Yes Yes No Canada 23 923 806 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Subnational Central African Republic 37 475 Partial Yes Partial Yes No No Chad 1 124 000 Yes No Yes Yes No No Chile 4 960 945 No No Partial No Yes Subnational 393 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Number of registered vehicles Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Inspections / star rating of existing roads Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Investments to upgrade high risk locations Policies & investment in urban public transport Policies promoting walking and cycling China 294 694 457 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Colombia 13 477 996 Partial No No No Yes No Comoros 34 898 No No No Yes No No Congo Yes No Partial No No No Cook Islands 12 453 Partial Yes Partial Yes No Yes Costa Rica 1 991 398 No – No No Yes Subnational Côte d’Ivoire 905 537 Partial No Partial Yes Yes No Croatia 1 996 056 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Cuba 633 369 No Yes Partial Yes Yes No Cyprus 650 805 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Czechia 7 325 789 Partial Yes Yes No Yes Yes Democratic Republic of the Congo – No Partial No No Subnational Denmark 3 131 673 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Dominica 35 796 – No Partial No No No Dominican Republic 3 854 038 Yes No Partial Yes Yes Yes Ecuador 1 925 368 Yes Yes Partial No Yes Yes Egypt 8 412 673 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes Subnational El Salvador 1 008 080 Partial No Partial No Yes Yes Equatorial Guinea 143 000 No – No No No Eritrea 72 405 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Estonia 865 040 Partial Yes Yes Yes No Yes Eswatini 99 830 Yes Yes Partial No Yes No Ethiopia 708 416 No No Partial No Yes No Fiji 110 763 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes Yes Finland 5 217 850 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes France 42 363 000 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Gabon – – No Yes Yes No Gambia 84 963 Partial No Partial Yes No No Georgia 1 126 470 Yes No Partial Yes Yes Yes Germany 56 622 000 Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Ghana 2 066 943 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 394 Country / Area Number of registered vehicles Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Inspections / star rating of existing roads Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Investments to upgrade high risk locations Policies & investment in urban public transport Policies promoting walking and cycling Greece 9 489 299 Partial Yes Partial Yes Yes Subnational Grenada 27 266 Partial Yes Partial Yes No No Guatemala 3 250 194 Partial No Partial Yes Yes Subnational Guinea 259 731 Yes No No No Yes No Guinea-Bissau 62 239 No No No No No No Guyana 15 694 Yes No Partial No No No Honduras 1 694 504 Yes No Yes Yes No No Hungary 4 022 798 Yes Yes Yes No No Subnational Iceland 289 501 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes Yes India 210 023 289 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes No Indonesia 128 398 594 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Subnational Iran (Islamic Republic of) 30 377 065 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes Subnational Iraq 5 775 777 Partial No Partial No Yes No Ireland 2 573 961 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Israel 3 239 305 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes Yes Italy 52 581 575 Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Jamaica 541 316 Yes Yes Partial No Yes Yes Japan 81 602 046 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Jordan 1 502 420 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes No Kazakhstan 4 383 120 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Kenya 2 979 910 Partial No Partial Yes Yes Subnational Kiribati 3 706 Yes No Partial Yes Yes Yes Kuwait 2 001 940 Yes – No No No No Kyrgyzstan 993 000 Yes No Partial Yes Yes Lao People’s Democratic Republic 1 850 020 Partial No Partial Yes No Yes Latvia 803 628 Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Lebanon 1 866 407 Partial – Partial No No No Lesotho Yes Yes No No No No Liberia 1 085 075 Yes Yes Partial No Yes Yes Libya 3 553 497 Yes No Partial Yes Yes No Lithuania 1 391 568 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 395 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Number of registered vehicles Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Inspections / star rating of existing roads Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Investments to upgrade high risk locations Policies & investment in urban public transport Policies promoting walking and cycling Luxembourg 466 472 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Madagascar 236 979 Yes Yes Partial No No No Malawi Partial No Yes No No No Malaysia 27 613 120 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Maldives 92 983 No Yes Partial No Yes No Mali 344 345 Yes Yes Partial Yes No No Malta 358 947 Partial Yes Partial No Yes Yes Mauritania No No No Yes No No Mauritius 507 676 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes No Mexico 40 205 671 No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Micronesia (Federated States of) 5 673 Partial Yes Partial No No No Mongolia 841 537 Yes No Partial No Yes Yes Montenegro 211 219 Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Morocco 3 791 469 Partial Yes No Yes Yes Yes Mozambique 698 864 No No Partial No No No Myanmar 6 381 136 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Namibia 371 281 No No Partial Yes Yes Yes Nepal 2 339 169 Partial Yes Partial No Yes No Netherlands 10 757 655 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes New Zealand 3 656 300 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Niger 436 420 Partial No Yes No No No Nigeria 11 733 425 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes Yes Norway 3 969 612 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes Yes Oman 1 370 913 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Subnational Pakistan 18 352 500 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes No Panama 1 288 573 No No Partial No Yes Subnational Papua New Guinea 100 993 Partial Yes Partial No No Subnational Paraguay 1 871 947 Yes Yes Partial No Yes Subnational Peru 5 604 789 No – No Yes No Yes Philippines 9 251 565 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes Yes Poland 27 409 106 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 396 Country / Area Number of registered vehicles Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Inspections / star rating of existing roads Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Investments to upgrade high risk locations Policies & investment in urban public transport Policies promoting walking and cycling Portugal 6 590 094 Partial Yes Yes No Yes Yes Qatar 1 330 487 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Republic of Korea 25 680 967 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Republic of Moldova 894 253 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Romania 7 014 661 Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Russian Federation 54 014 259 Yes No Yes Yes Yes Subnational Rwanda 180 137 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Saint Lucia 35 681 No No Partial No No No Samoa 25 235 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes Subnational San Marino 54 956 Partial No Partial Yes Yes No Sao Tome and Principe 34 050 No No Partial No No No Saudi Arabia 6 895 799 Partial Yes Partial Yes Yes Subnational Senegal 468 051 Yes Yes No No Yes No Serbia 2 282 401 No No Yes Yes Yes No Seychelles 23 076 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Singapore 933 534 Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Slovakia 2 606 412 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Slovenia 1 468 439 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Solomon Islands Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Somalia 59 457 No – No No No No South Africa Partial Yes Partial Yes Yes Yes South Sudan 69 647 No Yes Partial No No No Spain 32 986 384 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Sri Lanka 6 795 469 Partial No Partial Yes No Subnational Sudan 1 252 740 Yes Yes Partial No Yes No Suriname 228 388 No No Partial No Yes No Sweden 6 102 914 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Switzerland 5 980 512 Partial Yes No Yes Yes Yes Syrian Arab Republic 2 396 544 Partial Yes Partial Yes Yes Yes Tajikistan 439 972 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes No Thailand 37 338 139 Partial Yes Partial Yes Yes Yes 397 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Number of registered vehicles Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Inspections / star rating of existing roads Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Investments to upgrade high risk locations Policies & investment in urban public transport Policies promoting walking and cycling The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 442 962 Partial Yes Yes No Yes Yes Timor-Leste 146 596 Partial No Yes No Yes Yes Togo 64 118 Partial No Partial Yes Yes No Tonga 8 154 Yes Yes Partial Yes No Subnational Trinidad and Tobago 831 803 Partial No Yes No Yes No Tunisia 2 015 601 Partial – Partial Yes Yes No Turkey 21 090 424 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Turkmenistan Yes No Partial Yes Yes Yes Uganda 1 594 962 Yes Yes Partial Yes No Yes Ukraine 14 433 709 Yes Yes Yes No Yes Subnational United Arab Emirates 3 391 125 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes Subnational United Kingdom 38 388 214 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes United Republic of Tanzania 2 163 623 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes No United States of America 281 312 446 No – No Yes Yes Yes Uruguay 2 342 026 No No Partial No Yes Yes Uzbekistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Vanuatu Partial No Partial Yes Yes No Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 7 999 760 Yes – Yes No Yes No Viet Nam 50 666 855 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes Subnational West Bank and Gaza Strip 268 365 Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Zimbabwe 1 198 584 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes No 398 TABLE A12: VEHICLE STANDARDS BY COUNTRY / AREA Country / Area Vehicle standards Seat-belts Seat-belt anchorages Frontal impact Side impact Electronic stability control Pedestrian protection Child seats Motorcycle anti-lock bracking system Afghanistan No No No No No No No No Albania No No No No No No No No Angola No No No No No No No No Antigua and Barbuda No No No No No No No No Argentina Yes Yes Yesa Yesb Noc No No No Armenia No No No No No No No No Australia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yesd No Yes Austria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Azerbaijan No No No No No No No No Bangladesh No No No No No No No No Barbados No No No No No No No No Belarus No No No No No No No No Belgium Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Belize No No No No No No No No Benin No No No No No No No No Bhutan No No No No No No No No Bolivia (Plurinational State of) No No No No No No No No Bosnia and Herzegovina No No No No No No No No Botswana No No No No No No No No Brazil Yes Yes Yes Noe No No Yes Yes Bulgaria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Burkina Faso No No No No No No No No Burundi No No No No No No No No Cabo Verde No No No No No No No No Cambodia No No No No No No No No Cameroon No No No No No No No No Canada Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Central African Republic No No No No No No No No Chad No No No No No No No No Chile No No No No No No No No China Yes Yes Yes Yes Nof No No No 399 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Vehicle standards Seat-belts Seat-belt anchorages Frontal impact Side impact Electronic stability control Pedestrian protection Child seats Motorcycle anti-lock bracking system Colombia No No No No No No No No Comoros No No No No No No No No Congo No No No No No No No No Cook Islands No No No No No No No No Costa Rica No No No No No No No No Côte d’Ivoire No No No No No No No No Croatia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Cuba No No No No No No No No Cyprus Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Czechia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Democratic Republic of the Congo No No No No No No No No Denmark Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Dominica No No No No No No No No Dominican Republic No No No No No No No No Ecuador Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Egypt Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No El Salvador No No No No No No No No Equatorial Guinea No No No No No No No No Eritrea No No No No No No No No Estonia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Eswatini No No No No No No No No Ethiopia No No No No No No No No Fiji No No No No No No No No Finland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes France Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Gabon No No No No No No No No Gambia No No No No No No No No Georgia No No No No No No No No Germany Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Ghana No No No No No No No No Greece Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Grenada No No No No No No No No 400 Country / Area Vehicle standards Seat-belts Seat-belt anchorages Frontal impact Side impact Electronic stability control Pedestrian protection Child seats Motorcycle anti-lock bracking system Guatemala No No No No No No No No Guinea No No No No No No No No Guinea-Bissau No No No No No No No No Guyana No No No No No No No No Honduras No No No No No No No No Hungary Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Iceland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes India Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yesg No Yes Indonesia No No No No No No No No Iran (Islamic Republic of) No No No No No No No No Iraq No No No No No No No No Ireland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Israel Yesh Yesh Yesh Yesh Yesh No Yes No Italy Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Jamaica No No No No No No No No Japan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Jordan No No No No No No No No Kazakhstan No No No No No No No No Kenya No No No No No No No No Kiribati No No No No No No No No Kuwait No No No No No No No No Kyrgyzstan No No No No No No No No Lao People’s Democratic Republic No No No No No No No No Latvia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Lebanon No No No No No No No No Lesotho No No No No No No No No Liberia No No No No No No No No Libya No No No No No No No No Lithuania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Luxembourg Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Madagascar No No No No No No No No 401 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Vehicle standards Seat-belts Seat-belt anchorages Frontal impact Side impact Electronic stability control Pedestrian protection Child seats Motorcycle anti-lock bracking system Malawi No No No No No No No No Malaysia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Maldives No No No No No No No No Mali No No No No No No No No Malta Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Mauritania No No No No No No No No Mauritius No No No No No No No No Mexico Yes No No No No No No No Micronesia (Federated States of) No No No No No No No No Mongolia No No No No No No No No Montenegro No No No No No No No No Morocco No No No No No No No No Mozambique No No No No No No No No Myanmar No No No No No No No No Namibia No No No No No No No No Nepal No No No No No No No No Netherlands Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes New Zealand Yes Yes Yes Yes Yesi Yes Yes No Niger No No No No No No No No Nigeria No No No No No No No No Norway Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Oman No No No No No No No No Pakistan No No No No No No No No Panama No No No No No No No No Papua New Guinea No No No No No No No No Paraguay No No No No No No No No Peru No No No No No No No No Philippines No No No No No No No No Poland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Portugal Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Qatar No No No No No No No No Republic of Korea Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 402 Country / Area Vehicle standards Seat-belts Seat-belt anchorages Frontal impact Side impact Electronic stability control Pedestrian protection Child seats Motorcycle anti-lock bracking system Republic of Moldova No No No No No No No No Romania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Russian Federation Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Rwanda No No No No No No No No Saint Lucia No No No No No No No No Samoa No No No No No No No No San Marino Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Sao Tome and Principe No No No No No No No No Saudi Arabia No No No No No No No No Senegal No No No No No No No No Serbia No No No No No No No No Seychelles No No No No No No No No Singapore No No No No No No No No Slovakia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Slovenia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Solomon Islands No No No No No No No No Somalia No No No No No No No No South Africa No Yes No No Yes Yes Yes No South Sudan No No No No No No No No Spain Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Sri Lanka No No No No No No No No Sudan No No No No No No No No Suriname No No No No No No No No Sweden Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Switzerland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Syrian Arab Republic No No No No No No No No Tajikistan No No No No No No No No Thailand Yes Yes Noj,k Noj,k Nok Yes No No The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia No No No No No No No No Timor-Leste No No No No No No No No Togo No No No No No No No No 403 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Vehicle standards Seat-belts Seat-belt anchorages Frontal impact Side impact Electronic stability control Pedestrian protection Child seats Motorcycle anti-lock bracking system Tonga No No No No No No No No Trinidad and Tobago No No No No No No No No Tunisia No No No No No No No No Turkey Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Turkmenistan No No No No No No No No Uganda No No No No No No No No Ukraine No No No No No No No No United Arab Emirates No No No No No No No No United Kingdom Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes United Republic of Tanzania No No No No No No No No United States of America Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Uruguay Yes Yes No No No No Yes No Uzbekistan No No No No No No No No Vanuatu No No No No No No No No Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) No No No No No No No No Viet Nam No No No No No No No No West Bank and Gaza Strip No No No No No No No No Zimbabwe No No No No No No No No a Only for new models b For new models as from 2018 c Mandatory as from 2018 under voluntary agreement with car makers but postponed to 2022 by the new government following Brazil ESC mandatory date d Australia has signed the UN127 for Pedestrian Protection as a Contracting Party but is not enforcing it e Brazil included the requirement for side impact for new vehicles from 2020 f However top 12 car makers (more than 70% of sales volume) commited to ESC standard as from 2018 g Mandatory from October 2018 h Required for cars made under US regulations - for European cars, no requirements further than ESC i For new models as from 2018 j According to representatives information the regulation will be mandatory as from 2020 k Thailand launched an ECO-CAR program with tax incentives for cars with ESC but this is not mandatory for all cars PHOTO CREDITS Page iii AdobeStock Page vii WHO Page ix Bloomberg Page xii AdobeStock Page xv AdobeStock Page xvi AdobeStock Page 9 WHO Page 12 AdobeStock Page 13 AdobeStock Page 14 AdobeStock Page 17 WHO Page 21 AdobeStock Page 22 AdobeStock Page 30 AdobeStock Page 34 WHO Page 37 AdobeStock Page 44 AdobeStock Page 47 AdobeStock Page 48 AdobeStock Page 49 AdobeStock Page 51 WHO Page 55 Edward Echwalu Page 56 AdobeStock Page 60 AdobeStock Page 63 AdobeStock Page 65 AdobeStock Page 66 AdobeStock Page 71 AdobeStock Page 73 AdobeStock Page 74 AdobeStock Page 76 AdobeStock Page 80 AdobeStock Page 270 AdobeStock Page 278 AdobeStock Page 288 AdobeStock Page 288 AdobeStock
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION Management of Noncommunicable Diseases, Disability, Violence and Injury Prevention (NVI) 20 Avenue Appia 1211 Geneva 27 Switzerland Phone: +41 22 791 2881 http //YYYYhQiPt/XiQNePceAiPLur[ApreXePtiQP/rQCdAtrCHfic/eP/ ISBN 978-92-4-156564-2
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Global status report on road safety 2018 ISBN 978-92-4-156568-4 © World Health Organization 2018 Some rights reserved. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo). Under the terms of this licence, you may copy, redistribute and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes, provided the work is appropriately cited, as indicated below. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that WHO endorses any specific organization, products or services. The use of the WHO logo is not permitted. If you adapt the work, then you must license your work under the same or equivalent Creative Commons licence. If you create a translation of this work, you should add the following disclaimer along with the suggested citation: “This translation was not created by the World Health Organization (WHO). WHO is not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original English edition shall be the binding and authentic edition”. Any mediation relating to disputes arising under the licence shall be conducted in accordance with the mediation rules of the World Intellectual Property Organization. Suggested citation. Global status report on road safety 2018. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018. Licence: CC BY- NC-SA 3.0 IGO. Cataloguing-in-Publication (CIP) data. CIP data are available at http://apps.who.int/iris. Sales, rights and licensing. To purchase WHO publications, see http://apps.who.int/bookorders. To submit requests for commercial use and queries on rights and licensing, see http://www.who.int/about/licensing. Third-party materials. If you wish to reuse material from this work that is attributed to a third party, such as Tables, Figures or images, it is your responsibility to determine whether permission is needed for that reuse and to obtain permission from the copyright holder. The risk of claims resulting from infringement of any third-party-owned component in the work rests solely with the user. General disclaimers. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of WHO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted and dashed lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by WHO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions expected, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by WHO to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall WHO be liable for damages arising from its use. Design and layout by Paprika Printed in France Made possible through funding from Bloomberg Philanthropies.
Contents Acknowledgements vi Foreword by Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus vii Foreword by Michael R. Bloomberg ix Executive Summary xi Introduction x Section 1: Current state of global road safety 1 &haSter 7he *lobal %urGen oI 5oaG 7raffic 'eaths Key messages 3 &haSter ,nstitutional manaJement Key messages 15 &haSter /eJislation anG roaG user behaYiour Key messages 23 Managing speed 27 Reducing drink-driving 31 Increasing motorcycle helmet use 36 Increasing seat-belt use 40 Increasing child restraint use 42 Reducing distracted driving 45 Reducing drug-driving 46 &haSter 6aIe roaGs Key messages 49 Chapter 5: Safe vehicles 56 Key messages 57 Chapter 6: Post-crash care 66 Key messages 67 6ection &ountr\area Sro̧les 6ection ([Slanator\ notes anG statistical anne[ Explanatory note 1: methodology, data collection, validation and analysis 270 Explanatory note 2: country/area profiles 278 Explanatory note 3: estimation of road traffic deaths 288 Statistical Annex 296 Photo credits 404 vi Acknowledgements The Global status report on road safety 2018 benefited from the contributions of a number of WHO staff and collaborators. Nhan Tran coordinated the writing of the report with contributions by Jeanne Breene, Meleckidzedeck Khayesi, Rob McInerney, Anesh Sukhai, Tamitza Toroyan and David Ward. Kacem Iaych was responsible for data management and statistical analysis; Joëlle Auert was responsible for the legislation data management and analysis. Strategic direction on the report was provided by Etienne Krug. Regional data coordinators were responsible for trainings, data collection and validation: Anneli Heimann and Martial-Manfred Missimikim (African Region), Alessandra Senisse (Region of the Americas), Rania Saad (Eastern Mediterranean Region and South-East Asian Region), Yongjie Yon (European Region), Maria Angela Pestaňo and Whitney Skowronski (Western Pacific Region). Further support at regional level was provided by: Hala Sakr, Dinesh Sethi, Eugenia Rodrigues, Jonathon Passmore, Patanjali Nayar and Jatinder Pal Singh Chhatwal. WHO Representatives and staff at country level facilitated this work and their contribution is gratefully acknowledged. Other WHO staff who contributed include: Elena Altieri, Angelita Ruth Dee, Doris Ma Fat, Colin Mathers, Evelyn Murphy, Florence Rusciano, Zoe Brillantes and Teri Reynolds. Country level data could not have been obtained without the invaluable input of: the National Data Coordinators (see Table A1 in the Statistical Annex); all respondents who participated in data collection and the country level consensus meetings; government officials who supported the project and provided official clearance of the information for inclusion in this report. WHO also wishes to thank the following contributors whose expertise made this document possible: Adrienne Pizatella, Jennifer Ellis, Kelly Larson, and Kelly Henning from Bloomberg Philanthropies; Leslie Zellers for her support in reviewing and analysing legislative documents for the region of the Americas; Saul Billingsley, Lotte Brondum, Soames Job, Adnan Hyder, Rob McInerney, and David Ward, for serving on the advisory committee for this report; Abdul Bachani, Judy Fleiter, and Margie Peden, for review comments; Alejandro Furas and Jessica Truong for support on collecting and interpreting data on vehicle standards; Isaac Botchey for assisting with checking of country profiles; Claudia Adriazola-Steil, Matts-Ake Belin and Judy Williams for providing material for boxes; Eric Thuo for assisting with literature review on child restraints; Hal Inada for the checking of references; Kaitlyn Friedman for assisting with data processing; Tony Price who edited the report; the team of translators from Alboum for support with translations of legislation; and graphic designers from Paprika who produced the design and layout of the report. This report is in memoriam of Dominique Rurangirwa, the National Data Coordinator in Rwanda who lost his life in a road traffic crash earlier this year. His death was most unexpected and he will be sadly missed by all his colleagues, both locally and internationally. This tragedy serves as a reminder of the importance of this work and that more must still be done to strengthen road transport systems to prevent the needless loss of life. Finally, the WHO wishes to thank Bloomberg Philanthropies for its generous financial support for the development and publication of this report. vii GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 FOREWORD Is there anyone we can call for you? There is a phone call or a knock on the door that we all dread, in which we are told that a loved one has been killed or seriously injured in a road traffic crash. We shiver as emergency vehicles speed past us on the road to attend a crash. Our hearts miss a beat as we hear about a “road accident” on the news. But road traffic crashes are not “accidents”. They are completely preventable. This report shows that the problem is getting worse. Deaths from road traffic crashes have increased to 1.35 million a year. That’s nearly 3 700 people dying on the world’s roads every day. Tens of millions more are injured or disabled every year, people who suffer life-altering injuries with long- lasting effects. These losses take a huge toll on families and communities. The cost of emergency response, health care and human grief is immense. There are many reasons for this trend: rapid urbanization, poor safety standards, lack of enforcement, people driving distracted or fatigued, others under the influence of drugs or alcohol, speeding and a failure to wear seat-belts or helmets. One of the most heart-breaking statistics in this report is that road traffic injury is the leading cause of death for people aged between 5 and 29 years. No child should die or be seriously injured while they walk, cycle or play. We must return our streets to our children. They have a right to feel safe on them. In the Sustainable Development Goals, world leaders have committed to halve the number of deaths from road crashes by 2020. This report shows that three years on, far too little progress has been made towards this goal. There is an urgent need to scale up evidence-based interventions and investment. Development is an opportunity for low- and middle-income countries to avoid the costly mistakes made in the past by high-income countries. We need to create cities and transport systems that reduce reliance on cars. We must apply the lessons we have learned about safe road design. With the right leadership and investment, countries can build in the safeguards and best practices to save lives. viii WHO is committed to working with countries to reduce the needless death and disability caused by road trCHficcrCshes 9*OŨs)ePerCN2rQIrCOOeQH9QrMŤŤQurfiXe[eCrstrCteIicpNCPŤiPcNudesrQCdsCHet[IQCNs that are underpinned by 12 voluntary performance targets agreed upon by world leaders last year. These are designed to provide guidance to WHO Member States on key interventions. +tisQPethiPIQHcQursetQsetIQCNsCPdtCrIets+tŨsCPQthertQCchieXetheO Experience shows that sustainable road safety must be planned and requires long-term investment and CpprQpriCteOCPCIeOePtcCpCcit[HQreHHectiXedeNiXer[+PterPCtiQPCNQrICPi\CtiQPsdQPQrsCPdthepuDNic and private sectors need to work together to make things happen. This report highlights the increasing number of countries and cities that are making progress with effective and affordable interventions. My hope is that this report will save lives, prevent injuries and mean fewer emergency responders knock on doors with messages they should never have to deliver. Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus &irectQr)ePerCN9QrNd*eCNthOrICPi\CtiQP ix GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 FOREWORD Road safety is an issue that does not receive anywhere near the attention it deserves – and it really is one of our great opportunities to save lives around the world. The numbers are staggering. Road traffic crashes now represent the eighth leading cause of death globally. They claim more than 1.35 million lives each year and cause up to 50 million injuries. And, the fact is, every one of those deaths and injuries is preventable. We know which interventions work. Strong policies and enforcement, smart road design, and powerful public awareness campaigns can save millions of lives over the coming decades. To spread those interventions to more countries, it is critically important for partners to target our resources effectively and hold each other accountable for our results. The data show that low- and middle-income countries bear the greatest burden of road traffic fatalities and injuries. So, over the past decade, Bloomberg Philanthropies has worked closely with the World Health Organization, government agencies, and road safety organizations and invested US$ 259 million to help implement evidence-based solutions. Together we have promoted the use of helmets and seat-belts, combatted speeding and drunk driving, redesigned city streets to make them safer, and advocated for safer vehicles. Overall, we have made important policy progress since WHO issued its last road safety report in 2015. Twenty-two countries have amended their road safety laws, bringing them in line with best practices. These laws cover more than one billion people, or 14% of the world’s population. At the same time, we have also focused our intervention efforts on cities. The opportunity for cities is enormous, because they are home to more than half the world’s population. And, once cities demonstrate something works, national governments tend to be more willing to scale up a proven solution. To cite just a few leading cities: Accra is using data to improve pedestrian safety, and Ho Chi Minh City is taking cost-effective steps to make more than 150 high-risk intersections safer. Cities in countries such as Brazil and India have reduced traffic crashes, and through media campaigns and stronger enforcement, more cities have cut drunk driving. These are encouraging trends, and public support for road safety policies is only growing. However, there is still much more work to be done, and Bloomberg Philanthropies will continue to raise awareness of road safety and the need for more action by governments. x4educiPIrQCdtrCHficdeCthsCPdiPLuriesisQPeQHthe7Pited0CtiQPs5ustCiPCDNe&eXeNQpOePt)QCNsŤ and, given everything we know about the problem and its solutions, that goal is achievable if governments priQriti\erQCdsCHet[9*OisheNpiPItQdriXetheprQIressYeCreOCMiPICPdCNNQHusCt$NQQODerI Philanthropies thank Dr Tedros, WHO Director-General, his colleagues, and our allies around the world for their continued partnership. We invite you to learn more about the status of road safety in this important report. Michael R. Bloomberg Founder, Bloomberg L.P. & Bloomberg Philanthropies WHO Global Ambassador for Noncommunicable Diseases and Injuries xi GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The number of road traffic deaths continues to climb, reaching 1.35 million in 2016. However, the rates of death relative to the size of the world’s population has stabilized in recent years. The data presented in this report show that progress has been achieved in important areas such as legislation, vehicle standards and improving access to post-crash care. This progress has not, however, occurred at a pace fast enough to compensate for the rising population and rapid motorization of transport taking place in many parts of the world. At this rate, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) target 3.6 to halve road traffic deaths by 2020 will not be met. Road traffic injury is now the leading cause of death for children and young adults aged 5–29 years, signalling a need for a shift in the current child health agenda, which has largely neglected road safety. It is the eighth leading cause of death for all age groups surpassing HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and diarrhoeal diseases. The burden of road traffic injuries and deaths is disproportionately borne by vulnerable road users and those living in low- and middle-income countries, where the growing number of deaths is fuelled by transport that is increasingly motorized. Between 2013 and 2016, no reductions in the number of road traffic deaths were observed in any low-income country, while some reductions were observed in 48 middle- and high-income countries. Overall, the number of deaths increased in 104 countries during this period. Strengthening legislation to mitigate key risk factors is recognized by the majority of governments as an important strategy to improve road safety, as evidenced by the 149 countries that have designated lead agencies with responsibilities that include enacting and assessing traffic laws. While too many countries still lack legislation that appropriately addresses risks such as speeding, drink-driving, the use of helmets, seat-belts and child restraints, since 2014 progress has been made in a number of these areas. Overall 22 additional countries have amended their laws on one or more risk factors to bring them in line with best practice. This translates to an additional one billion people who are now covered by effective road traffic laws. Of the 175 countries participating in this report, 123 have road traffic laws that meet best practice for one or more key risk factors. During this review period, ten additional countries (45 in total) have aligned with best practice on drink-driving legislation, five additional countries (49 in total) on motorcycle helmet use, four additional countries (33 in total) have aligned with best practice on the use of child restraint systems, and three additional countries (105 in total) on the use of seat-belts. Less progress has been made on adopting best practice on speed limits, despite the importance of speed as a major cause of death and serious injury. xii The enforcement of laws and adoption of safety standards — such as the availability of seat-belts and fitOePtsHQrcCrQccupCPtsiPDQthHrQPtCPdreCrseCtsreOCiPchCNNePIiPIiPOCP[pCrtsQHtheYQrNd &espitetheDePefitsQHXehicNesCHet[OeCsuresQPN[cQuPtrieshCXeiOpNeOePtedseXePQreiIhtQHthe priQrit[70XehicNesCHet[stCPdCrds6hereCrehQYeXersiIPsQHprQIress(QreZCOpNe+PdiCtheYQrNdŨs HQurthNCrIestcCrOCPuHCcturer isprQduciPIitsfirstHQurstCr QutQHCpQssiDNefiXestCrs XehicNeCPd phasing out production of a popular model, which consistently failed safety crash tests. Some progress is also evident in the planning, design and operation of roads and roadsides, and in the take-up of a range of tools, notably the International Road Assessment Program (iRAP), which is a star rating tool for road networks. One hundred and fourteen countries are currently carrying out systematic assessments or star ratings of existing roads. These assessments and the implementation of appropriate road standards are particularly important as the majority of travel by road users such as pedestrians, cyclists and motorcyclists, occur on roads that are inherently unsafe for them. There are also some signs of progress in improving access to post-crash care to reduce the consequences and severity of injury once a crash occurs. One hundred and nine countries now have access to a telephone number to contact emergency care and 97 countries have a formal process to train and certify prehospital care providers. More work is needed, however, to ensure access to quality emergency care. Approximately half of all countries have speciality training pathways in emergency medicine and trauma surgery while 78 reported having national or subnational trauma registries in place. #NthQuIhtheprQIresstQYCrdsreduciPIthePuODerQHrQCdtrCHficdeCthshCsPQtOetINQDCNeZpectCtiQPs there are nonetheless signs of improvement. Accelerating the rate of this progress and bringing to scale theDePefitsQHeHHectiXeNeIisNCtiQPsCHerXehicNessCHerrQCdsCPdiPcreCsiPICccesstQSuCNit[eOerIePc[ care is the main challenge moving forward. There is an urgent need for governments to scale up their road safety efforts in order to live up to their commitments made in the Sustainable Development Agenda 2030. The upcoming Third Global Ministerial Conference on Road Safety in Sweden in February 2020 will be a key opportunity to take a strategic view and set a road safety agenda for the next decade, including setting a new global target on fatalities. xiii GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 INTRODUCTION &eCthsCPdiPLuriesresuNtiPIHrQOrQCdtrCHficcrCshesreOCiPCseriQusprQDNeOINQDCNN[CPdcurrePttrePds suggest that this will continue to be the case in the foreseeable future (1,2). Accelerating progress can, however, be achieved through an integrated approach that includes putting in place and enforcing effective measures such as safety standards for roads and vehicles, legislation to mitigate high-risk behaviours such CsspeediPICsYeNNCsePsuriPItiOeN[CccesstQprQHessiQPCNeOerIePc[cCre -e[tQthisCpprQCchis theCXCiNCDiNit[QHreNiCDNeCPdcQOprehePsiXedCtCQPtheDurdePCPdrisMsQHrQCdtrCHficcrCshesiPLuries and deaths to target and monitor progress (4,5). Without knowledge of the magnitude of the problem and the risks of death and injury, the ability to implement cQPteZtspecificCPdCpprQpriCteiPterXePtiQPsisseXereN[NiOited/QreQXerCshiIhNiIhtediPpreXiQusCPd currePteditiQPsQHthisrepQrttheuPderrepQrtiPIQHrQCdtrCHficdeCthsisperXCsiXeiPOCP[pCrtsQHthe world and results in a lower priority being given to road safety as compared to other public health challenges
'XePthQuIhthePuODerQHpeQpNed[iPICPPuCNN[CsCresuNtQHrQCdtrCHficiPLur[surpCssesthQsed[iPI HrQO*+8/#+&5tuDercuNQsisCPddiCrrhQeCNdiseCsesthepQNiticCNcQOOitOePtCPdfiPCPciCNiPXestOePts in road safety is only a small fraction of that made to combat these diseases (7). This report is intended to stimulate country actions to improve road safety in countries through the idePtificCtiQPQHMe[ICpsCPdQppQrtuPities#sYeCpprQCchtheePdQHthe&ecCdeQH#ctiQPHQr4QCd 5CHet[ŤCPdthedeCdNiPeHQr5&)tCrIet it is iPtePdedtQserXeCsCPCdXQcCc[tQQNtQ generate further political action, as well as a resource to guide implementation by relevant government CctQrsiPcNudiPIOiPistriesQHheCNthtrCPspQrtfiPCPceeducCtiQPCPdiPteriQrCsYeNNCsNQcCNCuthQrities iPprQXiPcesCPdcities 6hespecificQDLectiXesQHthisrepQrtCretQ ´ dQcuOePttheCPPuCNPuODerQHdeCthsresuNtiPIHrQOrQCdtrCHficiPLur[iPQrdertQestCDNishCPCssessOePt of progress towards the UN goals for road safety and the Decade of Action; ´ review institutional management practices as well as target setting; ´ present an analysis of national legislation on key road safety risk factors using best practice criteria; ´ suOOCri\ethecurrePtstCteQHXehicNestCPdCrdsCPdreIuNCtiQPsCsYeNNCsrQCdiPHrCstructureCPd ´ examine current progress and challenges in improving post-crash care. xiv What’s new? The criteria used to determine best practices for legislation have been updated along with the classifications of countries as those with laws that conform to best practice, those with laws that do not conform to best practice, those without laws, and those in which the laws are not applicable. In some instances, new criteria have been introduced based on the latest evidence, to capture the nuanced aspects of road safety legislation in different countries more effectively. Using the updated criteria, legislation from 2014 (used for the 2015 report) was retrospectively analysed and compared with the analysis of 2017 (used for this report) legislation. Changes (both upgrades and downgrades) have been documented and are presented in the findings of this report. In addition to grouping those countries with laws that conform to best practice, this report also shows which countries have made improvements, which have stayed the same, and which (in a few instances) have made changes that have moved their laws out of alignment with current best practice. Methods This series of global status reports on road safety has been developed through an iterative and consultative process with participating Member States. In the first phase, requests for data were sent out through a survey administered in 2017 by the WHO Headquarters to Regional and National Data Coordinators (R/NDC) appointed in each region or country. The self-administered survey contained questions relating to the status of the five pillars of the Decade of Action. With coordination by the NDCs, experts from different sectors within each country discussed and came to an agreement on the responses to the survey questions using information available. Based on the reported number of road traffic deaths and the source of data, adjustments were made to account for the potential under-reporting due to differences in definitions as well as limitations in the Civil Registration and Vital Statistics (CRVS) in many countries. This process resulted in an estimated number of fatalities, which is presented along with the reported figure. Following this, a final consultation was carried out to allow Member States to respond to any changes that resulted from the verification and validation process. This consultation also provided Member States an opportunity to comment on the WHO estimates for road traffic fatalities, which is often much higher than the official statistics. xv GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Data sources Three primary sources of data were used in the development of this report: 1) data collected from the self-administered surveys for which responses were received from 175 Member States; 2) data collected through publicly accessible databases, including the UN Economic Commission for Europe database on road traffic conventions, government websites, as well as specialised entities such as the Global New Car Assessment Programme and road inspection data collected by the International Road Assessment Programme to measure the level of safety for different road users; and 3) Global Health Estimates generated by the WHO Department for Information, Evidence and Research. For this report, 2018 data were used for the review of vehicle standards; 2017 data were used for the review of legislation, road standards and post-crash care; fatality estimates were based on data from 2016.
SECTION 1 CURRENT STATE OF GLOBAL ROAD SAFETY CHAPTER 1 THE GLOBAL BURDEN OF ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS • 6hePuODerQHrQCdtrCHficdeCthsQPtheYQrNdŨs roads remains unacceptably high. • 4QCdtrCHficiPLuriesCretheNeCdiPIMiNNerQHchiNdreP and young adults. • /QrethCPhCNHQHINQDCNrQCdtrCHficdeCthsCre amongst pedestrians, cyclists and motorcyclists who CrestiNNtQQQHtePPeINectediPrQCdtrCHfics[steO design in many countries. • There is progress being made, however, it is far from uniform across countries. • SDG 3.6 target to halve road deaths and injuries by 2020 will not be met without drastic action. 1.35 million deaths each year 8th leading cause of death for people of all ages 3 times higher death rates in low-income countries than in high-income countries #1 cause of death for children and young aGults ˳ \ears oI aJe Key messages 45RaG WraIfic injuries are the 8th leading cause of death for people of all ages. 6hePuODerQHrQCdtrCHficdeCthscQPtiPuestQcNiODreCchiPIC high of 1.35 million in 2016. However, the rate of death relative to thesi\eQHtheYQrNdŨspQpuNCtiQPhCsstCDiNi\edCPddecNiPedreNCtiXe to the number of motor vehicles in recent years (10). As shown in (iIureǡdespitetheiPcreCseiPCDsQNutePuODerstherCteQHrQCd trCHficdeCthshCsreOCiPedHCirN[cQPstCPtCtCrQuPddeCthsper 100,000 population over the last 15 years. While this does suggest that the problem is not worsening, the world is far from achieving SDG target 3.6, which calls for a reduction in the number of deaths D[ChCNHD[ +PsuHficiePtprQIressisDeiPIOCde Figure 1: Number and rate of road traffic death per 100,000 population: 2000–2016 0 5 10 15 20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 20 00 20 01 20 02 20 03 20 04 20 05 20 06 20 07 20 08 20 09 20 10 20 11 20 12 20 13 20 14 20 15 20 16 R ate of death/100,000 population Number of deaths Rate of death Year 1.15 18.8 1.35 18.2 N um be r of d ea th s (m ill io ns ) During the same period the number of vehicles worldwide has steadily increased, while death rates declined from 135 deaths for every 100,000 vehicles in 2000 to approximately 64 deaths for every 100,000 vehicles in 2016 (Figure 2). This represents a reduction of more than 50% in the last 15 years suggesting some progress in OitiICtiPItheCdXerseeHHectsQHiPcreCsiPIOQtQri\edtrCPspQrt Although progress has been made, these data show that it has not occurred at a pace fast enough to compensate for rapid population IrQYthCPdiPcreCsiPIOQtQri\CtiQPYQrNdYide 20 15 10 5 Chapter 1 5 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 The number of deaths on the world’s roads remains unacceptably high with 1.35 million people dying each year. Figure 2: Number of motor vehicles and rate of road traffic death per 100,000 vehicles: 2000–2016 N um be r of v eh ic le s (b ill io ns ) R ate of death/100,000 vehicles 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 20 00 20 01 20 02 20 03 20 04 20 05 20 06 20 07 20 08 20 09 20 10 20 11 20 12 20 13 20 14 20 15 20 16 Number of vehicles Rate of death Year 135 64 0.85 2.1 A leading killer of children 4QCdtrCHficiPLur[istheth leading cause of death for all age groups, up from the 9th leading cause of death (10). It is also now the leading cCuseQHdeCthHQrchiNdrePCPd[QuPICduNtsCIedŤ[eCrs signalling a need for a shift in the current child health agenda, which has largely neglected the road safety (11). As progress is made in the prevention and control of infectious diseases, the relative contribution of deaths from noncommunicable diseases and injuries increases
/QrepeQpNePQYdieCsCresuNtQHrQCdtrCHficiPLuriesthCP from HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and diarrhoeal diseases (10). +PCdditiQPtQtheiPLuriesCPddisCDiNitiesresuNtiPIHrQOrQCdtrCHfic crashes, the safety of roads (or lack thereof) also impacts other public health issues as it contributes to inactivity. People are less likely to walk, cycle, or use public transportation when conditions are unsafe and this has a bearing on other leading causes of death shown in Table 1 (12). These include ischaemic heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and diabetes, while iPcreCsiPIOQtQri\CtiQPhCsCNsQDeePNiPMedYithrespirCtQr[iNNPesses 5iOuNtCPeQusN[preXePtiPIrQCdtrCHficdeCthsCPdePcQurCIiPICctiXe travel in safe environments will contribute to reducing the overall burden of preventable deaths. 65RaG WraIfic injuries are now the leading cause of death for children and young adults aged 5–29 years. Table 1: Leading causes of death, all ages, 2016 Rank Cause % of total deaths All Causes 1 Ischaemic heart disease 16.6 2 Stroke 10.2 3 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 5.4 4 Lower respiratory infections 5.2 5 #N\heiOerŨsdiseCseCPdQtherdeOePtiCs 3.5 6 Trachea, bronchus, lung cancers 3.0 7 Diabetes mellitus 2.8 8 4QCdtrCHficiPLuries 2.5 9 Diarrhoeal diseases 2.4 10 Tuberculosis 2.3 2016 WHO Global Health Estimates Progress is not uniform across regions and income levels 2rQIressiPreduciPIrQCdtrCHficdeCthsQXertheNCstHeY[eCrsXCries siIPificCPtN[DetYeePthediHHerePtreIiQPsCPdcQuPtriesQHtheYQrNd There continues to be a strong association between the risk of a rQCdtrCHficdeCthCPdtheiPcQOeNeXeNQHcQuPtries9ithCPCXerCIe rate of 27.5 deaths per 100,000 population, the risk is more than 3 times higher in low-income countries than in high-income countries where the average rate is 8.3 deaths 100,000 population. As shown iP(iIuretheDurdePQHrQCdtrCHficdeCthsisdisprQpQrtiQPCteN[ hiIhCOQPINQYCPdOiddNeiPcQOecQuPtriesiPreNCtiQPtQthesi\e of their populations and the number of motor vehicles in circulation. #NthQuIhQPN[QHtheYQrNdŨsOQtQrXehicNesCreiPNQYiPcQOe countries, 13% of deaths occur in these countries. Chapter 1 7 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 There has been no reduction in the number of road WraIfic GeaWKs in any low-income country since 2013. Figure 3: Proportion of population, road traffic deaths, and registered motor vehicles by country income category*, 2016 9% 76% 15% POPULATION 13% 80% 7% ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS 1% 59% 40% VEHICLES high-income middle-income low-income iPcQOeNeXeNsCreDCsedQP9QrNd$CPMcNCssificCtiQPs There has also been more progress in reducing the number of rQCdtrCHficdeCthsCOQPIOiddNeCPdhiIhiPcQOecQuPtriesthCP low-income countries. As shown in Figure 4, between 2013 and 2016, PQreductiQPsiPthePuODerQHrQCdtrCHficdeCthsYereQDserXediP any low-income country, while some reductions were observed in ǡOiddNeCPdhiIhiPcQOecQuPtriesOXerCNNthePuODerQHdeCths increased in 104 countries during this period. Figure 4: Number of countries where a change in the number of road traffic deaths has been observed since 2013* 17 60 27 7 15 1 25 23 0 HIGH-INCOME MIDDLE-INCOME LOW-INCOME Increased No Change Decreased *These data represent countries that have seen more than a 2% change in their number of deaths since 2013, and excludes countries with populations under 200 000. The income levels are based on 2017 9QrNd$CPMcNCssificCtiQPs 8The rates of road WraIfic GeaWK are highest in Africa (26.6/100,000 people) and South-East Asia (20.7/100,000 people). Inequalities across regions Countries in Africa and South-East Asia have regional rates of road trCHficdeCthshiIherthCPtheINQDCNrCteYithCPddeCths per 100,000 population respectively. This is followed by countries in the'CsterP/editerrCPeCPCPd9esterP2CcificYhichhCXereIiQPCN rates comparable with the global rate with 18 and 16.9 deaths per 100,000 population respectively. Countries in the Americas and Europe have the lowest regional rates of 15.6 and 9.3 deaths per 100,000 people respectively. In terms of progress made, in three QHthesiZreIiQPs #OericCs'urQpe9esterP2Ccific therCtesQH death have decreased since 2013. Figure 5: Rates of road traffic death per 100,000 population by WHO regions: 2013, 2016 2013 2016 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Africa Americas Eastern Mediterranean Europe South-East Asia Western 2Ccific World R at e of d ea th /1 00 ,0 00 p op ul at io n WHO Region 26.1 / 26.6 15.9 / 15.6 17.9 / 18 10.4 / 9.3 19.8 / 20.7 18 / 16.9 18.3 / 18.2 With the exception of the Eastern Mediterranean region, the rate of rQCdtrCHficdeCthsperpQpuNCtiQPIePerCNN[decreCsesCs income increases (13). In the Americas, for example, the rate of road trCHficdeCthsCOQPIhiIhiPcQOecQuPtriesisper Chapter 1 9 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 population, while it is 18.3 among low-income countries. In Africa there is an observable difference between middle-income countries, which have a rate of death of 23.6 per 100,000 population and low- income countries, where the rate is 29.3 per 100,000 population. At the other end of the continuum, in Europe, the rate of road traffic deaths in middle-income countries (14.4 deaths per 100,000 population) is nearly three times higher than in high-income countries, where there are 5.1 road traffic deaths per 100,000 population. 10 More than half RI aOO rRaG WraIfic deaths are among vulnerable road users: pedestrians, cyclists and motorcyclists. Vulnerable road users disproportionately impacted The variation in rates of deaths observed across regions and countries also corresponds with differences in the types of road users most affected. Globally, pedestrians and cyclists represent 26% QHCNNdeCthsYiththQseusiPIOQtQri\edtYQCPdthreeYheeNers comprising another 28%. Car occupants make up 29% of all deaths CPdthereOCiPiPICreuPidePtifiedrQCdusers1. Africa has the highest proportion of pedestrian and cyclist mortalities with 44% of deCths+P5Quth'Cst#siCCPdthe9esterP2CcifictheOCLQrit[QH deCthsCreCOQPIridersQHOQtQri\edtYQCPdthreeYheeNersYhQ represent 43% and 36% of all deaths respectively. #NthQuIhpedestriCPsc[cNistsCPdridersQHOQtQri\edtYQCPdthree wheelers-are more vulnerable as a result of being less protected than car occupants, the heavy burden of deaths borne by these road users isCNsQCreHNectiQPQHiPHrCstructureCPdXehicNedesiIPthCtpriQriti\es cCrsCPdQtherOQtQri\edtrCPspQrt &espitetheprQOiPePceQH vulnerable road users in many parts of the world, many of whom cannot afford or do not have access to the safest vehicles, they are still largely ignored in the planning, design and operation of roads. In many countries, roads still lack separate lanes for cyclists or adequate crossings for pedestrians and allow motor vehicle speeds that are too high (15). Similarly, while vehicle standards have been developed for car occupants, many are not widely implemented in vehicles sold in low- and middle-income countries. Only recently have more car manufacturers begun to implement standards in high-income countries to ensure that design also protects road users outside of the vehicle (16). The heavy burden of deaths borne by these groups constitutes an issue of equity, CsiPcQOeCPdsQciCNstCtusDecQOesQciCNdeterOiPCPtsQHrQCdtrCHfic deaths and injury (17). 1 The distribution of deaths among road user categories is based on data reported by countries. In some countries, these data are not available or are incomplete, which contributes to the large percePtCIeQHthQseidePtifiedCsŧQthersŨQrŧuPspecifiedŨ Chapter 1 11 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Figure 6: Distribution of deaths by road user type by WHO Region 7% 40% 4% 9% 40% 34% 23%3% 18% 22% 22% 22% 14% 36%6% 43% 25% 16% 14% 2% 48% 11%5% 9% 27% 15%2% 34% 39% 10% Eastern Mediterranean South-East Asia Africa Europe Americas Driver / passengers of 4 wheeled vehicles Motorized 2-3 wheelers Cyclists Pedestrians WORLD 29% 28%3% 23% 17% 12 Box 1: Integrating road safety and urban mobility strategies in Bogotá, Colombia $QIQtȄreducedthePuODerQHtrCHficdeCthsD[DetYeePCPdD[iOpNeOePtiPI an integrated approach to road safety and urban mobility: • 5trQPIOC[QrCNNeCdershipYCspresePtYhichCNNQYediPteIrCtediPstitutiQPCNfiPCPciCNCPd reIuNCtQr[reHQrOscQODiPedYithOessCIesthCtresQPCtedYithciti\ePs • 0eYiPXestOePtYCsuPdertCMePiPcit[ iPHrCstructureQHCrQuPd75ǡDiNNiQPDetYeeP CPdiPQXerMOQH$us4Cpid6rCPspQrt $46 PeCrN[ǡMOQHDiMeYC[sCPd ǡO2 of improved pedestrian infrastructure. The investment was enabled by institutional and tax reform and a sustainable mobility-oriented response to public demand for improved commuting options. • Road safety improvements included safer public transport, improved sidewalks and cycle lanes, regulations and their enforcement of seat-belt wearing and drink-driving penalties, reform of the police system, public transport improvement reducing the rate of mode shift to private cars and motorcycles and avoiding exposure to risk. • In December 2017, Bogotá adopted a new Vision Zero plan, based on the safe system approach, comprising further coordinated, integrated action to proactively reduce deaths and serious injury numbers yet further. Sources: https //YYYQdiQrI/sites/QdiQrIuM/fiNes/resQurcedQcuOePts/pdH http://www.despacio.org/portfolio/bogota-bicycle-account-2014/https://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/40717%28148%292: 13 Box 2: Improving the safety of school zones in the Republic of Korea 6he4epuDNicQH-QreChCseZperiePcedtherdNCrIestdecNiPeiPthetrCHficHCtCNit[rCtesCOQPI OECD countries since 1972. A historical focus on transport infrastructure investment and economic development resulted in less emphasis on road safety, particularly on the safety of pedestrians suffering death and injury at the expense of wider, faster roads. To address this problem and with the aim of lowering itshiIhrQCddeCthrCtethe-QreCPIQXerPOePtcCrriedQutCPCPCN[sisQHrQCdtrCHficiPLur[ records and the highest risk locations in the network. A new national strategy was adopted to improve road safety through investments in school \QPeprQIrCOOesiOprQXiPIthereIuNCtiQPQHschQQNDuses iPcreCsiPIfiPesHQrXiQNCtiQPs YithiPschQQN\QPescNCOpiPIdQYPQPuPreIuNCtedschQQNtrCPspQrtsuppQrtiPIciXiNsQciet[ QrICPi\CtiQPsiPrQCdsCHet[CdXQcCc[CPdcQPtiPuQusN[COePdiPICPdiOprQXiPIrQCdsCHet[ NeIisNCtiQP6heseeHHQrtsCrerepQrtedtQhCXecQPtriDutedtQCreductiQPiPrQCdtrCHfic deaths among children under 14 years of age between 1998 and 2012. 5Qurce 5uN,.ee,-CPI&5.ee9;5hiO,+/[eQPI/etCN-QreCŨs4eductiQPiP%hiNd6rCHfic(CtCNities 2QNiciesCPd#chieXeOePts =+PterPet?)Q[CPIsi4epuDNicQH-QreC =cited0QX?#XCiNCDNeHrQO https //YYYMdeXeNQpediCQrI/dQYPNQCddQ!tiOe(iNe /OPt/ idCs/Csset////&O%/2&(/pdHQriIiP(iNe0COe -52pdH CHAPTER 2 INSTITUTIONAL MANAGEMENT 132 countries have national strategies for road safety that are funded 109 countries have national targets for the reduction of road traffic deaths • Achieving global and national road safety goals and targets requires appropriate management capacity. • Such capacity should be demonstrated through effective institutional leadership within responsible agencies, multi-sectoral coordination arrangements, sustainable funding and data systems to measure, target and monitor progress. • The inclusion of two SDG targets focused on road safety represents a major milestone for global road safety, confirming it is an essential element of the health and development agenda. • 12 recently agreed upon global road safety performance targets will help countries to improve their road safety management and assess progress. Key messages 16 Institutional management provides the foundation for improving road safety (18). The establishment of an appropriately resourced lead agency and coordination arrangements to guide the national road safety effort; the assessment of the state of play and capacity; the setting of goals and targets in road safety strategies; plans and prQLects theprQXisiQPQHfiPCPciCNCPdhuOCPresQurcestQCddressthe problem and the monitoring and evaluation of activity are all essential to implementing effective, system-wide interventions (4,18,19). Among the 175 participating countries, 140 indicated that they have a national strategy for road safety of which 132 reported having strategies that are funded. In addition to having national strategies for road safety, 109 countries reported having a national target for thereductiQPQHrQCdtrCHficdeCths Similarly, while most countries (161) reported that they have established lead agency arrangements, only 129 reported that these are funded. While many countries reported having funded lead agencies and strategies, the extent of funding was not assessed. Among those with lead agencies, 159 had lead agencies that assumed responsibility for coordination, 144 had lead agencies that assumed responsibility for monitoring the status of road safety, and 149 had lead agencies that also had responsibility for enacting and revising legislation. Voluntary global road safety performance targets Against this background and in addition to the continuing provision of international guidance on a range of issues, several notable global developments have taken place since the last report was published, designed to assist countries in focusing their road safety management initiatives. 109 countries have national targets for the reduction of road WraIfic GeaWKs Chapter 2 17 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 18 149 countries have lead agencies that also assume responsibility for road safety OeJisOaWiRn In a call to action at the global level in September 2015, the United Nations General Assembly adopted a series of SDGs as part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The SDGs include specifictCrIetsreNCtedtQrQCdsCHet[shQYPiP$QZCPdtheirsettiPI represePtsCOCLQrOiNestQPeHQrINQDCNrQCdsCHet[cQPfirOiPIrQCd safety as an essential element of the health and development agenda. In November 2017, Member States, with the support of WHO, the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, UNICEF, World Bank and other agencies, reached consensus on a set of 12 Voluntary Global Performance Targets for Road Safety Risk Factors and Service Delivery Mechanisms (Box 4). These voluntary targets provide a framework to guide and monitor the implementation of legislation, the establishment of standards and other interventions to prevent crashes, injuries, and deaths that are highlighted in this report. Box 3: Sustainable Development Goals for Road Safety (September 2015) By 2020, to halve the number of global deaths and injuries from road trCHficcrCshes By 2030, to provide access to safe, affordable, accessible and sustainable transport systems for all, improving road safety, notably by expanding public transport, with special attention to the needs of those in vulnerable situations, women, children, persons with disabilities, and older persons. Chapter 2 19 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 for the past 3 YEARS 6hepNCteCuiPrQCdtrCHficdeCths setCICiPstCiPcreCseiPINQDCN pQpuNCtiQPCPdiPcreCseiP OQtQri\CtiQPsuIIeststhCtrQCd sCHet[eHHQrtsQXerthepCst[eCrs hCXesCXedNiXes aga n a 4% n a n global o la on an 16% n a n mo o za on, gg a oa af y ffo ov a 3 y a av av l v . Box 4: Global Voluntary Performance Targets for Road Safety Risk Factors and Service Delivery Mechanisms, 2017GLOBAL ROAD SAFETY PERFORMANCE TARGETS 2020 1 Target 1: By 2020, all countries establish a comprehensive multisectoral national road safety action plan with time-bound targets. Target 2: By 2030, all countries accede to one or more of the core road safety-related UN legal instruments. 2030 2 Target 3: By 2030, all new roads achieve technical standards for all road users that take into account road safety, or meet a three star rating or better. 2030 3 Target 4: By 2030, more than 75% of travel on existing roads is on roads that meet technical standards for all road users that take into account road safety. 2030 4 Target 5: By 2030, 100% of new (defined as produced, sold or imported) and used vehicles meet high quality safety standards, such as the recommended priority UN Regulations, Global Technical Regulations, or equivalent recognized national performance requirements. 2030 5 Target 6: By 2030, halve the proportion of vehicles travelling over the posted speed limit and achieve a reduction in speed- related injuries and fatalities. 2030 6 Target 7: By 2030, increase the proportion of motorcycle riders correctly using standard helmets to close to 100%. 2030 7 Target 8: By 2030, increase the proportion of motor vehicle occupants using safety belts or standard child restraint systems to cl se to 100%. 2030 8 Target 9: By 2030, halve the number of road traffic injuries and fatalities related to drivers using alcohol, and/or achieve a reduction in those related to other psychoactive substances. 2030 9 Target 10: By 2030, all countries have national laws to restrict or prohibit the use of mobile phones while driving. 2030 10 Target 11: By 2030, all countries to enact regulation for driving time and rest periods for professional drivers, and/or accede to international/regional regulation in this area. 2030 11 Target 12: By 2030, all countries establish and achieve national targets in order to minimize the time interval between road traffic crash and the provision of first professional emergency care. 2030 12 Following the request of the United Nations General Assembly, on November 22, 2017 Member States reached consensus on 12 global road safety performance targets. For more information: http://www.who.int/violence_ injury_prevention/road_tra c/road-safety-targets/en/ PILLAR 1: Road safety management PILLAR 2: Safer roads and mobility PILLAR 3: Safe vehicles PILLAR 4: Safe road users PILLAR 5: Post-crash response 20 Source: Swedish Transport Administration (2015) Analysis of Road Safety Trends 2014 — Management by Objectives for Road Safety Work, Towards the 2020 Interim Targets, Borlange. Box 5: Managing by objectives in Sweden Sweden is a global leader in road safety performance with 2.8 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants. $etYeen 1 and 1, the number of road traffic deaths decreased by 66%. 'Zperience in Sweden illustrates how better results can be achieved through long-term, perennial planning of systematic, evidence-based approaches to intervention, supported by a strong institutional delivery including leadership, sustained investment and a focus on achieving ambitious road safety goals and targets across government, business and civil society. In October 1997 the Swedish Parliament adopted Vision Zero - a new long-term goal and a new strategic framework for road safety, which many countries are now adopting. The goal, supported by interim targets and objectives, follows the public health approach of preventing deaths and serious inLury in road traffic crashes. The strategy is to create shared responsibility for the better management of all parts of the road traffic system in order to address MnoYn common errors and human vulnerabilities and thus avoid severe crash outcomes. As with the 12 voluntary global targets set in 2017, the aim is to provide focal points for meaningful, shared, multisectoral activity at national, regional and local levels. The Swedish objectives target progress to 2020 and include safe road infrastructure at national and municipal levels, a higher proportion of undivided roads with an 80 km/h speed limit and median barriers, more municipal roads with footpaths and cycle paths, better compliance with speed limits, sober driving, seat-belt use, helmet use, higher car safety ratings and a higher share of motorcycles equipped with anti-lock braking systems. Chapter 2 21 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 for the past 3 YEARS 6hepNCteCuiPrQCdtrCHficdeCths set against a 4% increase in global population and 16% increase in motorization, suggests that road safety efforts over the past 3 years have saved lives. CHAPTER 3 LEGISLATION AND ROAD USER BEHAVIOUR 123 countries have laws that meet best practice for at least one oI the ̧Ye Ne\ behaYioural risN Iactors 22 countries made improvements to bring their laws into alignment with best practice on one or more risN Iactors 45 countries haYe GrinN̝ driving laws that align with best practice 46 countries have speed laws that align with best practice 49 countries have helmet laws that align with best practice 105 countries have seat-belt laws that align with best practice 33 countries have child restraint laws that align with best practice • Enacting and enforcing legislation on key risk factors are critical components of an integrated strategy to prevent rQCdtrCHficdeCthsCPdiPLuries • #sOeCsuredCICiPstDestprCcticecriteriCcQuPtries represePtiPIDiNNiQPpeQpNehCXeNCYsthCtOeetDest prCctice HQrCt NeCstQPeQH thefiXeMe[DehCXiQurCN risMHCctQrs • &espitetheprQIressOCdeiPiOprQXiPINeIisNCtiQPCcrQss thefiXeMe[risMHCctQrsePHQrceOePtreOCiPsCOCLQr chCNNePIeiPOQstcQuPtries Key messages 22 countries representing 1 billion people amended their laws on one or more risk factors to bring them into alignment with best practice. 'PCctiPICPdePHQrciPINeIisNCtiQPQPMe[risMHCctQrsiPcNudiPIspeed driPMdriXiPIOQtQrc[cNeheNOetuseuseQHseCtDeNtsCPdchiNd restrCiPts[steOsCrecriticCNcQOpQPePtsQHCPiPteIrCtedstrCteI[ tQpreXePtrQCdtrCHficdeCthsiPcQuPtries Ť .eIisNCtiQP tQIetherYithstCPdCrdsCPdcQOpNiCPcereIiOesHQrtheNicePsiPI CPddisSuCNificCtiQPQHdriXersCPdridersPeedstQDeCNiIPedYith ePHQrceOePtOediCcCOpCiIPsCPd iPsQOecCses iPXehicNe OeCsuressuchCstheCXCiNCDiNit[QHseCtDeNtsCPdfitOePtstQDe effective 2QNiceePHQrceOePtiPitiCtiXesPeedtQDesYiHtHreSuePt CPdsustCiPedQXerCNQPIperiQdQHtiOetQiPcreCsetheperceiXed risMQHDeiPIcCuIhtCPdpuPishedDutCNsQrCPdQOCPdYidespreCd tQiPcreCsethechCPceQHdetectiQP)iXePtheOuNtisectQrCNPCture QHrQCdsCHet[NCYsCPdePHQrceOePtstCPdCrdsCresetD[seXerCN IQXerPOePtCIePciesiPcNudiPIpuDNicheCNthtrCPspQrt iPterPCN CHHCirssciePceCPdtechPQNQI[CPdQccupCtiQPCNheCNthCPdsCHet[ CPdthesereSuireCcQQrdiPCtedeHHQrtCcrQsssectQrs .eIisNCtiQPQPMe[risMHCctQrsHrQOpCrticipCtiPIcQuPtrieshCsDeeP reXieYedCICiPstDestprCcticecriteriCiPQrdertQidePtiH[ICpsCPd QppQrtuPitiesHQriOprQXeOePt%urrePtN[cQuPtriesrepresePtiPI PeCrN[DiNNiQPpeQpNehCXeNCYsthCtOeetDestprCcticeHQrCtNeCst QPeQHthefiXeMe[DehCXiQurCNrisMHCctQrs#sshQYPiP6CDNe cQuPtrieshCXeNCYsOeetiPIDestprCcticeHQrQPerisMHCctQr hCXeNCYsOeetiPIDestprCcticeHQrtYQrisMHCctQrs hCXe NCYsOeetiPIDestprCcticeQPthreerisMHCctQrs hCXeNCYs OeetiPIprCcticeQPHQurrisMHCctQrs CPdQPN[fiXecQuPtrieshCXe NCYsthCtOeetDestprCcticeHQrCNNfiXeMe[risMHCctQrs speediPI driPMdriXiPIuseQHOQtQrc[cNeheNOetsuseQHseCtDeNtsCPduse QHchiNdrestrCiPts Chapter 3 ).O$#.56#6754'2O46O04O#&5#('6;2018 One-third of countries rated their enforcement as «good» for any of the laws related to the 5 key risk factors. Table 2: Number of countries and populations covered by laws meeting best practice Number of risk factors covered by laws Number of Countries Total Population covered risMHCctQr risMHCctQrs risMHCctQrs risMHCctQrs risMHCctQrs 6QtCN speediPIdriPMdriXiPIuseQHOQtQrc[cNeheNOetsuseQHseCtDeNtsuseQHchiNdrestrCiPts 5iPcecQuPtrieshCXeCOePdedtheirNCYsQPQPeQrOQre Me[risMHCctQrstQDriPItheOiPNiPeYithDestprCcticecQXeriPIC pQtePtiCNCdditiQPCNQPeDiNNiQPpeQpNeQrQHtheYQrNdŨspQpuNCtiQP #sshQYPiP(iIuresQOeiOprQXeOePtYCsOCdeHQreCchQHthe fiXeDehCXiQurCNrisMHCctQrsYiththeNCrIestiOprQXeOePtHQuPdHQr driPMdriXiPINCYs tePcQuPtries HQNNQYedD[OQtQrc[cNeheNOet NCYs fiXecQuPtries chiNdrestrCiPts HQurcQuPtries CPdseCtDeNts
threecQuPtries #sCresuNtQHQPecQuPtr[CNiIPiPIYithDestprCctice CPdQPeOCMiPIchCPIesthCtDrQuIhtitQutQHCNiIPOePtYith DestprCcticethePuODerQHcQuPtriesYithNCYsCNiIPiPIYithDest prCcticeHQrspeedreOCiPedthesCOe&espitetheprQIressOCde iPiOprQXiPINeIisNCtiQPCcrQssthefiXeMe[risMHCctQrsePHQrceOePt reOCiPsCOCLQrchCNNePIeiPOQstcQuPtriesOPN[QPethirdQH cQuPtriesrCtedtheirePHQrceOePtCsūIQQdŬ eiIhtQrCDQXeQPC scCNeQH\erQtQtePCsrCtedD[respQPdePts HQrCP[QHtherisM HCctQrsiPdicCtiPIthCtOCP[QHthesecQuPtriesCrePQtreCpiPIthe HuNNDePefitQHtheirNeIisNCtiQP 26 Figure 7: Countries with laws meeting best practice on 5 risk factors, 2014, 2017 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Speed Drink-driving Seat-belt Helmet Child restraints Countries 2014 Additional countries in 2017 N um be r of c ou nt ri es 46 / 0 35 / 10 102 / 3 44 / 5 29 / 4 Figure 8: Populations covered by laws meeting best practice, 2014, 2017 N um be r of p eo pl e co ve re d (B ill io ns ) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Speed Drink-driving Seat-belt Helmet Child restraints Number of people 2014 Additional number of people in 2017 2.7 / 0.24 2.15 / 0.18 5.14 / 0.11 2.27 / 0.4 0.55 / 0.1 Chapter 3 ).O$#.56#6754'2O46O04O#&5#('6;2018 Managing speed 6hespeedCtYhichCXehicNetrCXeNsdirectN[iPHNuePcestherisMQH CcrCshCsYeNNCstheseXerit[QHiPLuriesCPdNiMeNihQQdQHdeCth resuNtiPIHrQOthCtcrCsh 'HHectiXespeedOCPCIeOePtisCssuch cePtrCNtQOQstiPterXePtiQPstrCteIies6hesettiPICPdePHQrceOePt QHspeed NiOits represePtsCMe[cQOpQPePtQHcQOprehePsiXe speedOCPCIeOePtCspCrtQHCPiPteIrCtedCpprQCchiPXQNXiPI cQPsiderCtiQPQHtheprQtectiXeSuCNit[QHrQCdsrQCdsidesXehicNes CPdhuOCPtQNerCPcethreshQNdsHQrdeCthCPdseriQusiPLur[ 'XePsOCNNreductiQPsiPspeedCHHectHCtCNCPdseriQuscrCshrisMCPd theeHHectiXePessQHrQCdCPdXehicNeiPterXePtiQPstQpreXePtdeCth CPdseriQusiPLur[ ´ #PCcceptedpriPcipNeisthCteXer[iPcreCseiPOeCPspeed prQducesCiPcreCseiPtheHCtCNcrCshrisMCPdCiPcreCse iPtheseriQuscrCshrisM ´ #reductiQPiPCXerCIespeedcCPreducethePuODerQHHCtCNities D[ 5OCNNreductiQPsiPspeedCNsQiPHNuePcethreshQNdsHQrdeCthCPd seriQusiPLur[risMiPdiHHerePtcrCshscePCriQs ´ (QrpedestriCPshitD[cCrHrQPtsthedeCthrisMrisesrCpidN[
tiOesHrQOMO/htQMO/h ´ +PcCrtQcCrsideiOpCctstheHCtCNit[risMHQrcCrQccupCPtsis CtMO/h ´ (QrDeNtedQccupCPtsiPtheDestdesiIPedcCrs 'urQ0%#2stCr thethreshQNdHQrseXereCPdHCtCNiPLur[hCXeDeePidePtifiedCs ǡMO/h trCXeNspeedCtiOpCct iPheCdQPcCrtQcCrcrCshes 46 countries representing 3 billion people currently have laws setting speed limits that align with best practice. 4eXieYQHspeedNCYs 6hreeDestprCcticecriteriCYereusediPtheCssessOePtQHNeIisNCtiQP QPspeedNCYs ´ presePceQHCPCtiQPCNspeedNiOitNCY ´ urDCPspeedNiOitsPQteZceediPIǡMO/h DCsedQPreseCrch NQYerNiOitsCrerecQOOePdedHQrurDCPCreCsCPdǡMO/hHQr residePtiCNCreCsCPdCreCsYithhiIhpedestriCPCctiXit[ CPd ´ NQcCNCuthQritieshCXiPIthepQYertQOQdiH[speedNiOits tQCdCpt tQdiHHerePtcQPteZts 6heresuNtsshQYthCtcQuPtries represePtiPIQHtheYQrNdŨs pQpuNCtiQP hCXesetPCtiQPCNspeedNiOitNCYshQYeXerQPN[QH thesecQuPtrieshCXeNCYsthCtOeetCNNthreeDestprCcticecriteriC 5iPceQPeCdditiQPCNcQuPtr[CNiIPeditsNeIisNCtiQPYithDest prCcticeCPdQPecQuPtr[OCdechCPIesthCtresuNtediPtheNeIisNCtiQP PQNQPIerCNiIPiPIYithDestprCcticeQPspeedOCPCIeOePt#OQPI cQuPtriesYithNeIisNCtiQPOeetiPICt NeCstQPeQHthethreeDest prCcticecriteriCcQuPtriesprQXideHQrspeedNiOitseSuCNtQQr uPderMO/hiPurDCPCreCsCPdprQXideNQcCNCuthQritiesYith thepQYertQOQdiH[speedNiOitsiPtheirNCYs#sshQYPiP(iIure thepresePceQHDestprCcticeNCYsYCsHQuPdtQDeOQrecQOOQP COQPIhiIhiPcQOecQuPtries thCPOiddNeQr NQYiPcQOe cQuPtries CPdrespectiXeN[ 'PHQrceOePtcCOpCiIPspNC[CPiOpQrtCPtrQNeiPePsuriPIrespect HQrCPdcQOpNiCPceYithspeedNiOits %QODiPCtiQPsQHDQth OCPuCNCPdCutQOCtedePHQrceOePtOethQdscCPiPcreCsethe prQDCDiNit[QHdetectiPIXiQNCtiQPs #utQOCtedePHQrceOePt
suchCsfiZedcCOerCCPdOQDiNeiPXehicNefitteddeXices s[steOs CrehiIhN[cQsteHHectiXeCPdCPiOpQrtCPtcQPsiderCtiQPespeciCNN[ HQr NQYresQurcesettiPIs #tQtCNQHcQuPtriesrepQrted cQPductiPIspeedePHQrceOePtCctiXities&espitetheHCctthCt The presence of best practice laws was found to be more common in high-income countries than in middle- or low- income countries. Chapter 3 29 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 of the 157 countries indicated that they do employ some automated methods, for the majority of countries, manual speed enforcement remains the dominant method of enforcement. As such, it is not surprising that only 30 countries rated their enforcement of speed laws as “good” (eight or above on a scale of zero to ten). Figure 9: Countries with speed laws meeting best practice, 2017 Speed limits on urban roads ≤50 km/h and can be modified Speed limits on urban roads ≤50 km/h but cannot be modified No speed law or speed limit on urban roads >50 km/h Data not available Not applicable Box 6: Setting urban speed limits in Thailand 5ettiPIspeedNiOitsCpprQpriCtetQrQCdHuPctiQPNC[QutCPddesiIPCPdYhichtCMeCccQuPtQH thesCHet[PeedsQHCNNcreCtesCHrCOeYQrMHQrsCHerQCduse6[picCNN[OCZiOuOspeedNiOits CcrQssthePetYQrMCresetCtPCtiQPCNNeXeNQPtheiPitiCtiXeQHrQCdsCPdtrCPspQrtCuthQrities 6hCiNCPdŨscurrePturDCPspeedNCYYCsestCDNishediPCPdsetsCOCZiOuOspeedQH ǡMO/hHQrurDCPCreCs6heMO/hNiOitQPurDCPrQCdsisHCrHrQOCNiIPiPIYithcurrePt DestprCcticeYhichrecQOOePdsCOCZiOuOspeedNiOitHQrurDCPCreCsQHMO/hCPd NQYerNiOitsiPCreCsYherepedestriCPXQNuOesCrehiIhsuchCsresidePtiCNQrcit[streets 5iPceeHHQrtshCXeDeePOCdetQCOePdthePCtiQPCNspeedNeIisNCtiQPDutYereuPsuccessHuN +PtheHQcusshiHtedHrQOchCPIiPIthePCtiQPCNNeIisNCtiQPtQeOpQYeriPICPdePcQurCIiPI prQXiPcestQusetheprQXisiQPiPtheNCYtQsettheirQYPspeedNiOits#dditiQPCNN[IuideNiPes hCXeDeePprQXidedHQrNQcCNIQXerPOePtstQsetCpprQpriCtespeedNiOits +PYithIuideNiPesiPpNCceHQrsettiPIspeedNiOitsiPOuPicipCNitiesǡprQXiPceshCXestCrted tQsetOQreCpprQpriCtespeedNiOitsCPdD[5epteODerhCNHQHtheprQXiPceshCXe seturDCPspeedNiOitsPQteZceediPIMO/h 6hiseZCOpNeiNNustrCtestheiOpQrtCPceQHNQcCNiPitiCtiXesiPOQXiPItQYCrdsCpprQpriCteurDCP speedNiOitsYhePPCtiQPCNspeedNiOitsettiPIHCiNstQOQXeiPNiPeYithDestprCctice 5Qurces /iPisteriCN4eIuNCtiQP0uODer )uideNiPesHQr5ettiPI5peed.iOitsiP%it[CPd/uPicipCNit[ Chapter 3 ).O$#.56#6754'2O46O04O#&5#('6;2018 Reducing drink-driving +tisestiOCtedthCtDetYeePCPdQHCNNrQCddeCthsCrerepQrted CsCNcQhQNreNCted &riXiPICHterdriPMiPICNcQhQNsiIPificCPtN[ iPcreCsestherisMQHCcrCshCPdtheseXerit[QHthCtcrCsh #P[COQuPtQHCNcQhQNhCsDeePshQYPtQiOpCirdriXiPIDehCXiQur CPdthereisCrCpidCPdeZpQPePtiCNiPcreCseiPrisMHQrNeXeNseZceediPI ǡI/dNHQrtheIePerCNdriXiPIpQpuNCtiQP4educiPIDNQQdCNcQhQN cQPcePtrCtiQPs $#% HrQOǡI/dNtQǡI/dNOC[cQPtriDutetQC reductiQPQHŤiPCNcQhQNreNCtedrQCdtrCHficHCtCNities 9hiNe$#%NiOitsprQXidedHQriPNeIisNCtiQPPeedtQDeCtthecQreQH eHHQrtstQCddressdriPMiPICPddriXiPICPiPteIrCtedCpprQCchtQ iPterXePtiQPiPXQNXescQODiPedpuDNicit[CPdhiIhXisiDiNit[pQNice ePHQrceOePtCPdthefitOePtQHCNcQNQcMsiPcQOOerciCNCPdpuDNic trCPspQrtXehicNes +tisDestprCcticetQsetNiOitsQHǡI/dN HQr[QuPICPdPQXicedriXersiPXieYQHtheirIreCtersusceptiDiNit[tQ iOpCirOePtD[CNcQhQNCtNQYerNeXeNsCPdtheirdisprQpQrtiQPCteN[ hiIherrisMQHDeiPIiPXQNXediPHCtCNcrCshes thQuIhPQtiPcNuded CsCDestprCcticecriteriCHQrthisCPCN[sisthesettiPIQHCNQYer NiOitQHǡI/dNhCsCNsQDeePcQPsideredHQrcQOOerciCNdriXers duetQtheHCctthCtthe[trCPspQrtpCssePIersCPdthepQtePtiCN deCthsCPdiPLuriesiPHNictedD[trucMcQNNisiQPsisIreCterthCPQther pCssePIerXehicNes 4eXieYQHdriPMdriXiPINCYs 6hreeDestprCcticecriteriCYerecQPsideredHQrtheCssessOePtQH driPMdriXiPINCYs ´ presePceQHCPCtiQPCNdriPMdriXiPINCY ´ $#%NiOitHQrtheIePerCNpQpuNCtiQPPQteZceediPIǡI/dN CPd ´ $#%NiOitHQr[QuPICPdPQXicedriXersPQteZceediPIǡI/dN 45 countries representing 2.3 billion people currently have drink-driving laws that align with best practice. 32 While nearly all of the participating countries have national drink- driving laws in place, not all specify a BAC limit which makes it difficult to enforce the law. Of the 174 with laws, 136 countries provide for BAC threshold limits. Among these, 45 countries meet all three best practice criteria for drink-driving laws with specified thresholds for both the general population (0.05 g/dl) as well as for young and novice drivers (0.02 g/dl). Of those countries with laws that meet at least one of the best practice criteria, 89 countries specify the recommended BAC limit of 0.05 g/dl for the general population; 48 specify a BAC limit of 0.02 g/dl for young and novice drivers; while 53 have provisions for reduced limits of 0.02 g/dl among commercial drivers. Progress has been made since 2014 with an additional ten countries now meeting overall best practice for drink-driving laws, representing coverage of an additional 180 million people. As shown in Figure 10, more high-income countries (58%) have laws that meet overall best practice criteria for drink-driving than middle-income countries or low-income countries (40% and 2%, respectively). Whereas 60% of countries with laws meeting best practice are from the European region only 2% are from the African region. Enforcement that incorporates random breath testing strategies (as opposed to those that are targeted during certain times and in certain areas) is more effective in increasing both the perceived and actual probability of being caught and so deterring drinking and driving (38). This review showed that more than half of all countries undertake year round random breath testing Chapter 3 33 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Data on drink-driving remains limited in many countries and is necessary to understanding the magnitude of the problem as well as to evaluate the impact of efforts to prevent it. Of those surveyed, 94 countries have data on road traffic deaths, which involve alcohol consumption amongst drivers, mostly high- and middle-income countries and only five low-income. Estimates for many countries are based on data from crash reports that generally underestimate the extent of the problem. 125 countries reported that fatally injured drivers are tested for alcohol of which 72 reported that the testing is routinely carried out for all cases. Figure 10: Countries with drink-driving laws meeting best practice, 2017 Data not available Not applicable Alcohol consumption legally prohibited No drink–driving law/Law not based on BAC/ BAC > 0.08 g/dl BAC ≤ 0.05 g/dl and BAC for young/novice drivers ≤ 0.02 g/dl BAC between 0.05 g/dl and 0.08 g/dl or BAC for young/novice drivers > 0.02 g/dl 34 Box 7: Effectiveness of changing legal blood alcohol concentration limits in Brazil $rC\iNŨsfirstdriPMdriXiPINCYDCsedQP$#%NiOitsYCsePCctediPOCMiPIitCPQHHePce tQdriXeYithC$#%iPeZcessQHI/dN#stud[QHrQCdHCtCNitiesiP5CQ2CuNQ$rC\iNHQuPd thCtQHpeQpNeMiNNediPrQCdtrCHficcrCsheshCd$#%NeXeNsIreCterthCPǡI/dNCPd QHdriXerspresePtedhCd$#%NeXeNsIreCterthCPI/dN+PQrdertQtCcMNethispuDNicheCNth threCtthe$rC\iNiCPIQXerPOePtePCctedthePeYū&r[.CYŬiP,uPeYhichreducedthe NeICN$#%NiOitHrQOǡI/dNtQǡI/dN /QPitQriPIiPthecCpitCNCPd5tCteQH5CQ2CuNQDetYeePtQiPdicCtedthCtthe PeYNCYresuNtediPsiIPificCPtreductiQPsiPiPLuriesCPdHCtCNities6heeHHectYCsstrQPIerHQr HCtCNities CdecreCseQHƈCPdƈiPtheCXerCIeOQPthN[rCteiPthe5tCteCPdcCpitCN QH5CQ2CuNQrespectiXeN[ thCPHQriPLuries ƈCPdƈ 9hiNethePeYNCYresuNtediPcCsuCNt[reductiQPDCrrierstQitsCppNicCtiQPreOCiPed0QtCDN[ driXershCdCriIhttQreHuseC$#%testYhichOCdeitdiHficuNttQiOpQsecriOiPCNsCPctiQPs reNCtedtQ$#%testNeXeNs6he$rC\iNiCPIQXerPOePtsuDseSuePtN[COePdedtheū&r[.CYŬiP &eceODertQCNNQYpQNiceQHficerstQuseCNterPCtiXeeXidePce eIcNiPicCNsiIPsQrXideQs tQsuppQrtCdriPMdriXiPIQHHePce6heCOePdOePtCNsQOCdeitiNNeICNtQhCXeCP[OeCsurCDNe CNcQhQNiPtheDNQQdCPddQuDNedtheQriIiPCNfiPes 5Qurces #Pdreuccetti)%CrXCNhQ*$%herpiteN%,etCN4educiPItheNeICNDNQQdCNcQhQNcQPcePtrCtiQPNiOitHQrdriXiPIiPdeXeNQpiPIcQuPtries #tiOe HQrchCPIe!4esuNtsCPdiOpNicCtiQPsderiXedHrQOCtiOeseriesCPCN[sis cQPductediP$rC\iN#ddictiQP /QurC'%/CNtC&%/QrCis0etQO.2ePPC)O6eOpQrCQ,)/QtQrXehicNedriXiPICHterDiPIedriPMiPI$rC\iNtQ4eX5Cude 2uDNicC Increasing motorcycle helmet use $etYeePCPdthePuODerQHtYQCPdthreeYheeNersiP circuNCtiQPQPtheYQrNdŨsrQCdsiPcreCsedD[+PthetePcQuPtries YiththeIreCtestPuODersQHtheseXehicNesOQtQrc[cNescQOprise OQrethCPQHthePCtiQPCNXehicNeHNeet *eCdiPLuriesCretheNeCdiPIcCuseQHdeCthCPdOCLQrtrCuOCHQr tYQCPdthreeYheeNedOQtQrXehicNeusers %QrrectheNOet usecCPNeCdtQCreductiQPiPtherisMQHHCtCNiPLuriesCPdC reductiQPiPtherisMQHheCdiPLuries 6heuseQHheNOets isCssuchCPiOpQrtCPtOeCPsQHpreXePtiPIrQCdtrCHficdeCths .eIisNCtiQP shQuNd prQXide HQr heNOet use D[ CNN pCssePIers iPcNudiPIchiNdrePCPdshQuNdDesuppQrtedD[puDNicCYCrePess cCOpCiIPsCPdsustCiPedePHQrceOePt)QQdheNOetdesiIPCPd cQrrectuseQHstCPdCrdheNOetsYhePridiPICOQtQrc[cNeCrehiIhN[ iOpQrtCPt 4eXieYQHOQtQrc[cNeheNOetNCYs (iXeDestprCcticecriteriCYerecQPsideredHQrtheCssessOePtQH OQtQrc[cNeheNOetNCYs ´ presePceQHCPCtiQPCNOQtQrc[cNeheNOetNCY ´ NCYCppN[iPItQDQthdriXersCPdpCssePIers ´ NCYCppN[iPItQCNNrQCdCPdePIiPet[pes ´ NCYspeciH[iPIthCtheNOetsshQuNdDeHCstePed CPd ´ NCYreHerriPItQ/speciH[iPICstCPdCrdHQrheNOets #sshQYPiP(iIureQHtheǡcQuPtriesthCthCXeOCPdCtQr[ heNOetNCYsHQrOQtQrc[cNistsQPN[ represePtiPIQHtheYQrNd 49 countries representing 2.7 billion people currently have laws on motorcycle helmet use that align with best practice. Chapter 3 37 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 38 population) have laws that meet all five best practice criteria. Among those with laws that meet at least one best practice criteria, 160 have laws to protect all riders (drivers and passengers); 82 have laws requiring helmets to be fastened; and 93 refer to helmet standards in their laws. Since 2014, five countries have made amendments to existing legislation to align them with best practice, providing coverage to an additional 397 million people. Despite the prevalence of motorcycles in low-income settings, only 6% of the countries with laws meeting best practice criteria are low-income countries. Only 63 countries, representing 33% of the world’s population, restrict child passengers on motorcycles. Enforcement of helmet-wearing laws are generally weak; only 61 countries rate their enforcement of helmet-wearing laws as “good” (eight or above on a scale of 0 to 10). Similarly, less than half of countries surveyed (75) have data available on helmet-wearing. The majority of these countries are high-income countries; only six low-income countries reported having data on helmet-wearing. Even when it is collected, available data vary largely in terms of quality and methodologies used and very few report on national data. 39 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Chapter 3 Figure 11: Countries with helmet laws meeting best practice, 2017 All riders, roads, engines, fastening and standard All riders, roads, engines and either fastening or standard Not covering all riders or roads or engines / no law Data not available Not applicable 105 countries representing 5.3 billion people currently have laws on seat-belt use that align with best practice. Increasing seat-belt use 9eCriPICseCtDeNtreducestherisMQHdeCthCOQPIdriXersCPd HrQPtseCtQccupCPtsD[CPdtherisMQHdeCthCPdseriQus iPLuriesCOQPIreCrseCtQccupCPtsD[ /CPdCtQr[seCtDeNt NeIisNCtiQPishiIhN[eHHectiXeiPprQOQtiPIseCtDeNtYeCriPICPdis CcQsteHHectiXeOeCPsQHreduciPIrQCdtrCHficdeCthsCPdiPLuries especiCNN[iPrCpidN[OQtQri\iPINQYCPdOiddNeiPcQOecQuPtries
#sisthecCseHQrQtherrisMHCctQrsiPcreCsiPIseCtDeNtuse reSuiresOuNtisectQrCNCctiQPDe[QPdthesettiPIQHCpprQpriCte NeIisNCtiQP 6hisiPcNudescQODiPedpuDNicit[CPdePHQrceOePt CPdtheprQXisiQPQHiPXehicNeseCtDeNtreOiPdersYhichhCXeDeeP shQYPtQDehiIhN[eHHectiXeiPiPcreCsiPIuse 4eXieYQHseCtDeNtNCYs 6YQDestprCcticecriteriCYerecQPsideredHQrtheCssessOePtQH seCtDeNtNeIisNCtiQP ´ presePceQHCPCtiQPCNseCtDeNtNCY CPd ´ NCYCppN[iPItQHrQPtCPdreCrseCtQccupCPts #sshQYPiP(iIureQHthecQuPtriesYithPCtiQPCNseCtDeNt NCYsrepresePtiPIQHtheYQrNdŨspQpuNCtiQPhCXeCdQpted theDestprCcticeQHOCPdCtiPItheuseQHseCtDeNtsD[DQthHrQPt CPdreCrseCtQccupCPtsOPN[QHcQuPtriesYithseCtDeNtNCYs OeetiPIDestprCcticeCreNQYiPcQOecQutries 5iPceseXePcQuPtrieshCXeOCdechCPIestQtheirseCtDeNt NeIisNCtiQP fiXeCdditiQPCNcQuPtriesPQYhCXeNCYsthCtOeetDest prCcticeYhiNetYQcQuPtrieshCXeOCdechCPIesthCtDriPItheir NCYsQutQHCNiIPOePtYithDestprCctice6hePet iPcreCseQH cQuPtriesCccQuPtsHQrCPCdditiQPCNOiNNiQPpeQpNecQXeredD[ 41 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Chapter 3 best practice seat-belt laws. Enforcement of seat-belt laws is poor with only 40 countries rating their enforcement of seat-belt use laws as “good” (eight or above on a scale of zero to ten). Less than half of countries collect data on seat-belt wearing and the majority of these are high- and middle-income countries. Figure 12: Countries with seat-belt laws meeting best practice, 2017 Seat-belt law applies to all occupants Seat-belt law applies to front seats occupants No seat-belt law or law applies to driver only Not applicable Data not available Increasing child restraint use %hiNdrestrCiPtsCrehiIhN[eHHectiXeiPreduciPIiPLur[CPddeCthtQ chiNdQccupCPts Ť 6heuseQHchiNdrestrCiPtscCPNeCdtQCt NeCstCreductiQPiPdeCths 6heDePefitsQHchiNdrestrCiPts hCXeDeePshQYPtQDeIreCtestHQr[QuPIerchiNdrePpCrticuNCrN[ thQseuPderHQur[eCrsQHCIe (QrchiNdreP[eCrsDQQster seCtusehCsDeePCssQciCtedYithCreductiQPiPtheQdds QHiPLur[cQOpCredtQusiPICseCtDeNtCNQPe 6hepQsitiQPQH chiNdrePiPeitherHrQPtQrreCrseCtsisCNsQiOpQrtCPtCsChiIherrisM HQriPLur[isCssQciCtedYiththeHrQPtseCtiPIpQsitiQP 4eXieYQHchiNdrestrCiPtNCYs $estprCcticecriteriCHQrchiNdrestrCiPtshCXeDeePHurtherdeXeNQped siPcethepreXiQusrepQrt iPXieYQHtheCdditiQPCNdCtCcQNNected HQrthisreXieY(QurDestprCcticecriteriCYerecQPsiderediPthe CssessOePtQHchiNdrestrCiPtNCYs ´ presePceQHCPCtiQPCNchiNdrestrCiPtNCY ´ reSuireOePtHQrchiNdrePtQuseCchiNdrestrCiPtCtNeCstuPtiNteP [eCrsQHCIeQrcOiPheiIht ´ restrictiQPsHQrchiNdrePuPderCcertCiPCIeQrheiIhtHrQOsittiPI iPtheHrQPtseCt ´ reHerePcetQQrspecificCtiQPQHCstCPdCrdHQrchiNdrestrCiPts #sshQYPiP(iIurecQuPtrieshCXeCPCtiQPCNchiNdrestrCiPtNCY #OQPIthesecQuPtriesrepresePtiPIQHtheYQrNdpQpuNCtiQP OeettheQXerCNNDestprCcticecriteriCHQrchiNdrestrCiPtsOHthQseYith NCYsthCtOeetCtNeCstQPeQHtheDestprCcticecriteriCcQuPtries 33 countries representing 652 million people currently have laws on the use of child restraints that align with best practice. Chapter 3 43 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 refer to a standard for child restraints, 113 restrict seating children in the front seat (including 61 banning front seating) and 41 countries address the age and/or height criteria of ten years of age or 135 cm in height in the legislation. Since 2014, four countries have made amendments to legislation on the use of child restraints to bring them in line with best practice. Among those with laws meeting best practice, 85% are high-income countries and 15% are middle-income countries. No low-income countries have laws on the use of child restraint systems that meet best practice. Best practice laws are most common among countries in the European region; in all other regions, less than 7% of countries have laws on the use of child restraint systems that align with best practice. Only 22 countries rate their enforcement of child restraint laws as “good” (eight or above on a scale of zero to ten) and only 35 collect data on child restraint use. Figure 13: Countries with child restraint laws meeting best practice, 2017 Children up to 10 years/135 cm covered, standard, front seating restrictions Children under 4 covered, those between 4 and 10 insufficiently covered or children up to 10 years/135 cm covered, no standard Children under 4 insufficiently covered or no law or law not based on age/height or front seating restrictions only Not applicable Data not available 44 Chapter 3 ).O$#.56#6754'2O46O04O#&5#('6;2018 Reducing distracted driving &istrCcteddriXiPID[OQDiNedeXicessuchCssOCrtphQPesCPd/ QrQtheriPXehicNedeXicesisCIrQYiPIrisMHCctQrNiPMedtQseriQus PeICtiXeQutcQOes Ť 6heuseQHCOQDiNephQPeYhiNedriXiPI isYidespreCdCOQPIst[QuPICPdPQXicedriXersCPdIrQYiPI COQPIstOQtQrc[cNistsCddiPIHurthertQtheCNreCd[hiIhrisMQH crCshCPddeCthCOQPItheseIrQups6eNephQPeuseYhiNedriXiPI
YhetherhCPdheNdQrhCPdsHree iPcreCsestheNiMeNihQQdQHDeiPI iPXQNXediPCcrCshD[CHCctQrQHHQurYhiNeteZtiPIiPcreCsescrCsh risMD[CrQuPdtiOes &riXerreCctiQPtiOeshCXeCNsQDeeP shQYPtQDesNQYerYithteNephQPeusethCPYithQut5iOiNCrN[ iPcCrteNephQPecQPXersCtiQPsiOpCirdriXersOQrethCPNistePiPItQ therCdiQQrtCNMiPItQpCssePIers &espitetheIrQYiPIDQd[ QHeXidePceQPtherisMsCssQciCtedYithdistrCcteddriXiPIthere reOCiPsCdeCrthQHeXidePceQPtheeHHectiXePessQHiPterXePtiQPs tQreducedistrCcteddriXiPI 4eXieYQHOQDiNephQPeNCYs 6hereisiPsuHficiePteXidePceQPtheeHHectiXePessQHNeIisNCtiQPtQ NiOitQrprQhiDittheuseQHOQDiNedeXicesYhiNedriXiPItQestCDNish DestprCcticecriteriC#tQtCNQHcQuPtrieshCXeCPCtiQPCNOQDiNe phQPeNCYiPpNCceCPdOQst prQhiDittheuseQHhCPdheNdOQDiNe phQPesYhiNedriXiPI+PterOsQHprQIressOCdeHQurCdditiQPCN cQuPtrieshCXePCtiQPCNOQDiNephQPeNCYsthQuIhtheiOpCctQH thiscCPPQtDeCssessedCtthistiOeCsthereiscurrePtN[PQtCDest prCcticeHQrNeIisNCtiQPQPdistrCcteddriXiPI )iXePthediHficuNt[iPdetectiPItheseDehCXiQursePHQrceOePtCPd dCtCcQNNectiQPreOCiPchCNNePIiPIcQuPtriesrQutiPeN[cQNNect dCtCQPthisrisMNCrIeN[thrQuIhreIuNCrpQNicecrCshrepQrtsYith HeYreIuNCrQDserXCtiQPCNstudies#PCdditiQPCNcQuPtrieshCXe sQOePQPrQutiPeN[cQNNecteddCtCHrQOreseCrch 64 countries routinely collect data on distracted driving through police reports and observational studies. Reducing drug-driving 6hQuIhOQrediHficuNttQSuCPtiH[thCPCNcQhQNtheuseQH iNNeICN druIsCPdcertCiPprescriptiQPOedicCtiQPsisiPcreCsiPIN[NiPMedtQ rQCdtrCHficcrCshesCPddeCthsthQuIhthereCreOCP[cQOpNeZities CrQuPdtestiPICPdestCDNishiPIthecCusCNit[QHdiHHerePtdruIs
6hecQPcQOitCPtuseQHdruIsCPdCNcQhQNpresePtsHurther cQOpNeZitiesCPdrisMs 6here isCdeCrthQHdCtCQPhQY HreSuePtN[driXersuseCPd/QrCreiOpCiredD[druIsCPdHeYcQuPtries s[steOCticCNN[OeCsuretheeZtePtQHthedruIdriXiPIprQDNeO &CtCHrQOthe7Pited5tCtesshQYthCtCOQPIHCtCNN[iPLureddriXers HQrYhQOdruItestresuNtsYereCXCiNCDNeYerepQsitiXeiP CPiPcreCseHrQOiP 6herisMQHcrCshCPd deCthXCriesdepePdiPIQPthet[peQHps[chQCctiXedruI6heuse QHCOphetCOiPesiPcreCsestherisMHQrHCtCNcrCshesD[fiXetiOes CPdrisMHQrPQPHCtCNcrCshesD[siZtiOes 4eXieYQHdruIdriXiPINCYs 6hereis iPsuHficiePteXidePceQPtheeHHectiXePessQH NeIisNCtiQP tQNiOitQrprQhiDitdruIdriXiPItQestCDNishDestprCcticecriteriC 6heOCLQrit[QHcQuPtriessurXe[ed hCXeCPCtiQPCNdruIdriXiPI NCYiPpNCce6hisiPcNudestYQcQuPtriesthCthCXeCdQptedNCYstQ prQhiDitdruIdriXiPIsiPcethQuIhtheiOpCctQHthiscCPPQt DeCssessedCtthistiOeCsthereiscurrePtN[PQtCDestprCcticeHQr NeIisNCtiQPQPdruIdriXiPI 6heeZtePtQHthedruIdriXiPIprQDNeOisiPsuHficiePtN[MPQYPiP OCP[cQuPtriesOPN[repQrteddQiPIsQOedruItestiPICOQPI HCtCNN[iPLureddriXers 75 countries reported doing some drug testing among fatally injured drivers. Chapter 3 47 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 CHAPTER 4 SAFE ROADS 88% of pedestrian travel is on 1- or 2-star roads 86% of bicyclist travel is on 1- or 2-star roads 67% of motorcyclist travel is on 1- or 2-star roads • When safety is taken into consideration during the planning, design and operation of roads, substantial cQPtriDutiQPscCPDeOCdetQreduciPIrQCdtrCHficdeCths and injuries. • For pedestrians, cyclists and motorcyclists, the lack of specificiPHrCstructureHeCturesthCtcCPePsuretheOC safe journey leaves them vulnerable to injury. • Road safety inspections and the star rating of roads can provide mechanisms to identify failings in infrastructure which can affect a crash likelihood and severity. • Upgrading high-risk roads and providing access to safe CPdCHHQrdCDNepuDNictrCPspQrtYiNNreducerQCdtrCHfic death and injury. Key messages 50 Road infrastructure is strongly linked to fatal and serious injury causation in road collisions, and research has shown that improvements to the road infrastructure are critical to improving overall road safety (69). The aim is to create a safe road environment, rather than placing the main responsibility for safety on users who fail to deal with the intrinsic dangers of the roads. Head-on crashes, for example, occur on undivided roads while the lack of a footpath or a safe crossing presents a major risk for death and injury to pedestrians (3)(Qrc[cNistsCPdOQtQrc[cNiststheNCcMQHspecific infrastructure features that ensure a safe journey like cycle lanes and motorcycle lanes leaves them vulnerable to impact and injury (69). The provision of affordable and safe public transport as well as facilities for safe walking and cycling are highly important. Review of the use of standards and tools to improve the safety quality of roads This report has continued to track the status of countries in setting design standards, undertaking audits and/or the star rating of new road infrastructure and inspection/star rating of existing roads. Three new questions in this report involve: ´ the use of dedicated funding to upgrade high-risk roads. In most countries and cities, more than half of all road deaths and severe injuries happen on less than 10% of the road length (70). The return on investment for improving road infrastructure safety on these high-risk roads is substantial. ´ design standards that specifically meet the needs of vulnerable road users. Historic road design practice and standards have focussed on meeting the capacity and travel time needs of motorized XehicNesYhereCsthespecificPeedsQHXuNPerCDNerQCdusershCXe often been secondary considerations. 114 countries currently undertake systematic assessments or star rating of existing roads. Chapter 4 51 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 88% of pedestrian travel occurs on roads that are unsafe. ´ the provision of affordable and safe public transport. In urban areas, where an additional two billion people are expected to be living in cities by 2045, the provision of affordable and safe public transport is an essential investment for sustainable mobility. While design standards exist in most countries, the way in which they are applied to a new road design is influenced by the complexity of the location (urban, rural, utility services, road users present), the priority on safety outcomes and the budgets allocated for the project. This review shows that 112 countries have national design standards for the management of speed. Ninety-two countries have national design standards for separating pedestrians and cyclists rQCdusersHrQOOQtQri\edtrCHficOPehuPdredCPdthirt[tYQ countries have national design standards for the provision of safe crossings for pedestrians and cyclists. Road safety inspections and the star rating of existing roads provide a mechanism to identify any existing road design and speed management features that can affect crash likelihood and severity. Systematic risk rate mapping, performance tracking and safety rating 52 using objective data are carried out by international and national road assessment programmes. (71). Road protection scores assess the level of protection against the risk of death and serious injury in collisions for all main user groups afforded by the road environment. Each road is given a star rating from one to five stars. Minimum star ratings for the infrastructure safety of major roads are increasingly being used in targeted programmes and are recommended, especially where high-quality crash injury data are not yet available or where capacity is still being built for safety engineering (69). A sample of recent of International Road Assessment Programme (iRAP) assessments from 54 countries, covering 358,000 kilometers of rural and urban roads with over 700 billion vehicle kilometres of travel a year has highlighted that 88% of pedestrian travel is on one- or two-star roads, 86% of bicycle travel is one- or two-star roads, 67% of motorcycle travel is on one- or two-star roads, and 44% of vehicle travel is one- or two-star roads (72). One hundred forty-seven countries reported carrying out road safety audits or star ratings for new roads while 114 countries reported doing safety assessments or star rating on existing roads. The implementation of a dedicated funding stream and targeted programmes to upgrade high-risk roads and provide access to safe and affordable public transport will help to systematically eliminate the highest-risk roads in a country and reduce death and injury. This review found that 116 countries have a systematic programme in place for targeting and upgrading high-risk locations on existing roads. Additionally, 77 countries reported investing in mass transit while 103 countries reported having formal policies for formal bus/ mini-bus systems. Chapter 4 53 ).O$#.56#6754'2O46O04O#&5#('6;2018 Table 3: Star rating of roads – what makes a road safe? Star Rating No sidewalk, No safe crossing, MO/htrCHfic No cyclepath, No safe crossings, poor road surface, MO/htrCHfic No motorcycle lane, undivided road, trees close to road, winding alignment, MO/htrCHfic Undivided road with narrow centerline, trees close to road, winding alignment, MO/htrCHfic Sidewalk present, pedestrian refuge, street lighting, MO/htrCHfic OPrQCdc[cNeNCPe good road surface, street lighting, MO/htrCHfic OPrQCdOQtQrc[cNe lane, undivided road, good road surface, >5m to any roadside hazards, MO/htrCHfic Wide centerline separating oncoming vehicles, >5m to any roadside hazards, MO/htrCHfic Sidewalk present, signalized crossing with refuge, street lighting, 40 km/h OHHrQCddedicCted cycle facility, raised platform crossing of major roads, street lighting &edicCted separated motorcycle lane, central hatching, no roadside hazards, straight alignment, MO/htrCHfic Safety barrier separating oncoming vehicles and protecting roadside hazards, straight alignment, MO/htrCHfic * For details on the full model for all road users and more urban and rural examples see https://www.irap.org//3-star-or-better/what-is-star-rating. 54 Box 8: 5-star school journey for Lusaka students 5uD5ChCrCP#HricChCstheYQrNdŨshiIhestrQCdtrCHficiPLur[rCtes(QrstudePtsQH,ustiP-CDYe Primary School in Lusaka, Zambia, their journey to school is now much safer, with access roads rCisedHrQOQPeCPdtYQstCrdCPIerQustQfiXestCrsCHet[eZceNNePceCssessedusiPIi4#2Ũs Star Rating for Schools app. Four children were injured on roads around the school before the school was upgraded. 4,700 vehicles pass the entrance, 200 people cross the road and over 900 people walk along the road past the school every peak hour. Crossing the road into school used to be very dangerous. 6hCPMstQCprQLectcQOpNetediP0QXeODerD[thePQPprQfit#OePdCPdsuppQrtedD[ FedEx, infrastructure enhancements have improved safety, assessed using the Star Rating for Schools (SR4S) app powered by iRAP’s Pedestrian Star Rating. The improvements included the addition of a raised platform pedestrian crossing, footpaths, fencing and a school zone warning, removal of vehicle parking which blocked sight lines, and reduced operating speeds of passing vehicles. (QurNQcCtiQPsYithhiIhpedestriCPtrCHficHNQYsYerestCrrCtedHQrsCHet[usiPIthe545 app before and after the infrastructure improvements. The before and after star rating results captured by SR4S reflected a major improvement in safety. The school’s main entrance iPtersectiQPCPdPeCrD[cQrPerCchieXedstCrrCtiPIiOprQXeOePtsHrQOQPetQfiXestCrsCPd tYQtQfiXestCrsrespectiXeN[ Source: iRAP, 2018 https://www.irap.org/media-centre/case-studies/ Chapter 4 55 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 CHAPTER 5 SAFE VEHICLES 40 countries implement 7 or 8 of the priority UN vehicle safety standards 124 countries apply 0 or 1 of the 8 priority UN vehicle safety standards • Vehicle safety features such as electronic stability control and advanced braking make a substantial contribution to reducing road traffic deaths and injuries. • Despite these potential benefits, not all new and used vehicles are required to be equipped with these and other internationally recognized vehicle safety standards. • New Car Assessment Programmes (NCAPs) have proved highly effective in raising levels of vehicle safety significantly above minimum regulatory requirements. Key messages 58 40 countries representing 1 billion people, have implemented at least 7 or all of the 8 priority UN vehicle safety standards. Vehicle safety is increasingly critical to the prevention of crashes and hCsDeePshQYPtQcQPtriDutetQsuDstCPtiCNreductiQPsiPthePuODerQH deCthsCPdseriQusiPLuriesQPtherQCds (eCturessuchCseNectrQPic stability control and advanced braking are examples of vehicle safety standards that can prevent a crash from occurring or reduce the severity QHiPLuries &espitethesepQtePtiCNDePefitsPQtCNNPeYCPdused XehicNesCrereSuiredtQDeeSuippedYithiPterPCtiQPCNN[recQIPi\ed safety standards 'iIht70XehicNesCHet[stCPdCrdshCXeDeeP priQriti\edHQriOpNeOePtCtiQPD[cQuPtries $QZ 4eXieYQHtCMeupQHMe[XehicNesCHet[ regulations #sshQYPiP(iIureprQIressYithuptCMeQHtheeiIhtpriQrit[70 XehicNesCHet[stCPdCrdshCsDeePXer[NiOitedsiPcetheNCstreXieY 6QdCteonly OCiPN[hiIhiPcQOecQuPtrieshCXeiOpNeOePted seXePQreiIhtQHthesestCPdCrds'NeXePcQuPtriesCppN[tYQtQsiZ stCPdCrdsand CppN[QPeQrPQPeQHthestCPdCrds5iPcethe NCstreXieYone CdditiQPCNcQuPtr[+PdiCis applying the front and side iOpCctprQtectiQPstCPdCrdOne QthercQuPtr[/CNC[siChas applied theeNectrQPicstCDiNit[cQPtrQNreIuNCtiQPHrQO Figure 14: Countries implementing priority UN safety standards for vehicles, 2018 0 50 100 150 N um be r of c ou nt ri es 7 or 8 2 to 6 0 or 1 40 11 124 +PthepreXiQusrepQrtpriQrit[stCPdCrdsYereidePtified#PCdditiQPCNstCPdCrdHQrOQtQrc[cNeCPti NQcMDrCMiPIs[steOs #$5 hCsDeePiPcNudediPthisrepQrt Chapter 5 ).O$#.56#6754'2O46O04O#&5#('6;2018 +P reNCtiQP tQ theOQtQrc[cNeCPtiNQcMDrCMiPIs[steOs #$5 CPuODerQHcQuPtriesYithhiIhusCIeQHOQtQrc[cNesCreQrYiNN DeiOpNeOePtiPIreIuNCtiQPsreSuiriPItheuseQH#$5QrcQODiPed DrCMiPIs[steOs %$5 HQrOQtQrc[cNes#sshQYPiP6CDNeOQstQH thecQuPtriesiOpNeOePtiPIthesereIuNCtiQPsreSuire#$5s[steOs HQrXehicNesIreCterthCPcc %hiPCCPd$rC\iNQPN[reSuire#$5HQr XehicNesIreCterthCPccCPdccrespectiXeN[YhichOeCPs that a large number of motorcycles and e-bikes are excluded from thisreSuireOePt9iththeeZceptiQPQH$rC\iNCNNhCXeprQXisiQPs tQeZtePdthe#$5reSuireOePtsHQrusedOQtQrc[cNesCNreCd[iP circuNCtiQPiPcircuNCtiQPreSuiriPItheOtQDeretrQfittedCsYeNNCs HQrPeYOQtQrc[cNes Table 4: Motorcycle ABS regulation, 2018 Countries Motorcycle ABS regulation Note EU ;'5ŤHQrCNNPeYt[pes cc CsQH/CPdHQrCNNeZistiPI t[pes ccCsQH/ cccCPhCXe#$5 Qr%$5fitted Japan ;'5ŤHQrCNNPeYt[pes cc CsQH/CPdHQrCNNeZistiPI t[pes ccCsQH/ cccCPhCXe#$5 Qr%$5fitted India ;'5ŤHQrCNNPeYt[pes cc CsQH/CPdHQrCNNeZistiPI t[pes ccCsQH/ cccCPhCXe #$5Qr%$5fitted China ;'5ŤHQrCNNPeYt[pes cc CsQH/CPdHQrCNNeZistiPI t[pes ccCsQH/ ccOCPdCtQr[ both front and rear YheeN ccCPd cc#$5Qr%$5 Brazil ;'5ŤHQrCNNPeYt[pes ccrCOpupHrQO cccCPhCXe#$5 Qr%$5fitted QHHrQCd bikes excluded Australia ;'5ŤHQrCNNPeYt[pes cc HrQO/CPdHQrCNNeZistiPI t[pes ccHrQO/ cccCPhCXe #$5Qr%$5 60 Review of consumer information programme progress: The UN General Assembly has recommended the implementation of new car assessments as a means of improving vehicle safety (76). New Car Assessment Programmes (NCAPs) have proved highly effective in raising levels of vehicle safety significantly above minimum regulatory requirements. NCAPs typically carry out safety ratings for crashworthiness to promote occupant and pedestrian protection and crash avoidance through crash tests and technology assessments (77). Chapter 5 61 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Figure 15: Countries applying UN vehicle safety standards, 2018 Meets 7 or 8 international vehicle standards Meets 2 to 6 international vehicle standards Meets 0 or 1 international vehicle standard Not applicable Data not available Box 9: Priority UN vehicle safety standards Ť (rQPtCNiOpCctprQtectiQPCPdsideiOpCctprQtectiQP 4CPd4 ePsurethCtcCrs YithstCPdtheiOpCctsQHCHrQPtCNCPdsideiOpCctcrCshYhePtestedCtcertCiPspeeds6hese crCshYQrthiPessreIuNCtiQPsheNptQprQtectQccupCPtsYithstCPdtheiOpCctQHHrQPtCPdside iOpCctcrCshes 'NectrQPicstCDiNit[cQPtrQN 4 preXePtssMiddiPICPdNQssQHcQPtrQNiPcCsesQHQXer steeriPIQruPdersteeriPICPdiseHHectiXeCtreduciPIcrCshesCPdsCXiPINiXes+tiseHHectiXe iPCXQidiPIsiPINecCrCPdrQNNQXercrCshesreduciPIDQthHCtCNCPdseriQusiPLuries 2edestriCPHrQPtprQtectiQP 4 prQXidessQHterDuOpersCPdOQdifiestheHrQPtePds QHXehicNes eIreOQXesuPPecessCriN[riIidstructures thCtcCPreducetheseXerit[QHC pedestriCPiOpCctYithCcCr Ť 5eCtDeNtsCPdseCtDeNtCPchQrCIes 44 ePsurethCtseCtDeNtsCrefittediP XehicNesYhePthe[CreOCPuHCcturedCPdCsseODNedCPdthCttheseCtDeNtCPchQrpQiPtscCP YithstCPdtheiOpCctiPcurredduriPICcrCshtQOiPiOi\etherisMQHDeNtsNippCIeCPdePsure thCtpCssePIerscCPDesCHeN[reOQXedHrQOtheirseCtsiHthereisCcrCsh %hiNdrestrCiPts 4 ePsurethCtthechiNdseCtisiPpNCceYiththeCduNtseCtDeNtCPdthCt +5O(+:chiNdrestrCiPtCPchQrCIepQiPtsCrefittedtQsecuretherestrCiPt /QtQrc[cNeCPtiNQcMDrCMiPIs[steOs 4 heNptheriderOCiPtCiPcQPtrQNduriPI CPeOerIePc[DrCMiPIsituCtiQPCPdreducetheNiMeNihQQdQHCrQCdtrCHficcrCshCPd suDseSuePtiPLur[ Box 10: Establishing new e-bike standards in China %hiPC NiMeOCP[QthercQuPtries isseeiPICsurIeiPtheuseQHeDiMesŤsQOeestiOCtes iPdicCtethCtthereCreOiNNiQPsuchXehicNesiPusePCtiQPCNN[threeOiNNiQPQHYhichcCP DeHQuPdiP$eiLiPI#sthePCtureQHeDiMeshCseXQNXedtheeZistiPIstCPdCrdsestCDNishediP CrePQNQPIerreNeXCPtCPdCsCresuNteDiMessQNdCPdusediP%hiPCCrePQtstCPdCrdi\ed 9ithQutCPCpprQpriCtestCPdCrdOCP[XehicNesCreDeiPIOCPuHCcturedCPdsQNdCsŧeDiMesŨ YhePthe[CreessePtiCNN[OQtQrc[cNesthCtCrecCpCDNeQHIQiPIǡMO/hQrHCster*QYeXer the[CreCNNtreCtedCsDic[cNesCPdthusheNOetreSuireOePtsCPdspeedNiOitsCrePQtiOpQsed #ssuchthe[useDiMeNCPesCPdHQQtpCthsdesiIPedHQrCPdusedD[PQPOQtQrisedusers +P/C[CPeYstCPdCrdYCsissuedCiOiPItQiOprQXethereIuNCtiQPQHeDiMesCPdputtiPI CPePdtQtheprCcticeQHOQtQrc[cNespCssiPIHQreDiMes6hisstCPdCrdisDeiPIphCsediP
cQOOePciPIiP#priN #P[XehicNethCtOeetsthePeYstCPdCrd YhichisCNiIPedYith iPterPCtiQPCNprCcticeYithCspeedNiOitQHǡMO/h YiNNDecQPsideredCDic[cNeCPdPQtsuDLect tQreIistrCtiQP NicePsiPIQrheNOetreSuireOePtsǡ6hQseeDiMesPQtOeetiPIthCtstCPdCrd YiNNDetreCtedCsOQtQrc[cNesCPdsuDLecttQheNOetNCYsCPdNicePsiPIreSuireOePts#sthe OCLQrit[QHeDiMesiPcircuNCtiQPCreNiMeN[tQDePQPstCPdCrdthisstCPdCrdcNQsesCNQQphQNe thCtCNNQYedOiNNiQPsQHOQtQrc[cNeriderstQPQtYeCrCheNOet 5Qurce 'Nectric$ic[cNes)ePerCN6echPicCN4eSuireOePts)$ 'Nectric$ic[cNes)ePerCN6echPicCN4eSuireOePts )$ Box 11: Vehicle safety standards in India +PdiCistheHQurthNCrIestXehicNeprQduceriPtheYQrNdCPdPQYCppNiesPeYXehicNesCHet[ stCPdCrdstQpCssePIercCrsCPdOQtQrc[cNes+PiPdepePdePtcrCshtestscCrriedQutD[ )NQDCN0%#2Ũsŧ5CHer%CrsHQr+PdiCŨiPitiCtiXereXeCNedthCtsQOeQH+PdiCŨstQpseNNiPIOQdeNs YQuNdHCiNthe70ŨsHrQPtCNiOpCctcrCshtest(urther)NQDCN0%#2testsCtChiIherspeedCNsQ resuNtediP\erQstCrrCtiPIsiPdicCtiPIChiIhrisMQHHCtCNQrseriQusiPLur[ +Pthe+PdiCPIQXerPOePtCPPQuPcedtheCppNicCtiQPQHPeYreIuNCtiQPscQPsistePtYith the70stCPdCrdsHQrHrQPtCPdsideiOpCctCPdCNsQpedestriCPprQtectiQP(QrPeYcCrOQdeNs theuseQHHrQPtCPdsidecrCshtestscCOeiPtQHQrceHrQOOctQDerCPdYiNNCppN[tQCNNPeY cCrsHrQOOctQDer6hepedestriCPprQtectiQPreIuNCtiQPHQrPeYOQdeNscCOeiPtQHQrce HrQOOctQDerCPdYiNNCppN[tQCNNPeYcCrsHrQOOctQDer+PCdditiQPPeYcCrsCre reSuiredtQhCXeCirDCIsfittedCsstCPdCrdCPdtQhCXeCspeedYCrPiPIdeXiceCDQXeǡMO/h 6hecQODiPCtiQPQHthePeYreIuNCtiQPsCPdthe5CHer%CrsHQr+PdiCprQLectisrCisiPIcQPsuOer demand for key features such as airbags and acting as a strong catalyst for improved safety desiIPD[theCutQOQDiNeiPdustr[0eYOQdeNsCrePQYQPtheOCrMetthCtPQtQPN[cQOpN[ YiththePeYstCPdCrdsDutCNsQCchieXeIQQdscQresťiPcNudiPICOQdeNthCtCchieXedHQur stCrsiP)NQDCN0%#2teststhCtCreOQrestriPIePt6heprQductiQPQHQNderdesiIPsQHcCrs thCtcCPPQtpCssthePeYcrCshtestssuchCsthe6CtC0CPQYhichreceiXed\erQstCrsiP )NQDCN0%#2ŨsfirstrQuPdQHtestsiPisDeiPIphCsedQut6hePeZtchCNNePIeHQr+PdiC istQCcceNerCteuseQHeNectrQPicstCDiNit[cQPtrQNYhichiscurrePtN[fittediPQXerQHPeY pCssePIercCrsYQrNdYideDuttQNessthCPQHPeYcCrsiP+PdiC Chapter 5 ).O$#.56#6754'2O46O04O#&5#('6;2018 for the past 3 YEARS 6hepNCteCuiPrQCdtrCHficdeCths setCICiPstCiPcreCseiPINQDCN pQpuNCtiQPCPdiPcreCseiP OQtQri\CtiQPsuIIeststhCtrQCd sCHet[eHHQrtsQXerthepCst[eCrs hCXesCXedNiXes CHAPTER 6 POST-CRASH CARE 109 countries have a telephone number with national coverage to activate the emergency care 55% of countries have a formal process to train and certify prehospital providers 45% of countries have national or subnational trauma registries • Simple and affordable post-crash care interventions save lives. • Effective care for the injured requires timely care at the scene, prompt transport to appropriate emergency and surgical care at hospital, and early access to rehabilitation services. • The proportion of patients who die before reaching a hospital in low-income countries is over twice that in high-income countries. • Bystanders contribute by activating the emergency care system and taking simple, potentially life-saving actions until professional help is available. Key messages 68 A broad and integrated approach to post-crash care can save millions of lives and mitigate the short- and long-term effects of experiencing a crash to help survivors return to function and independence at hQOeCPdCtYQrM -e[eNeOePtsQHpQstcrCshcCreidePtified in the Decade of Action include structures to allow timely delivery of health services, data to inform policy and support quality care delivery, and legislation to ensure access to emergency care without regard to ability to pay (4). Building systems to ensure timely care for the injured Emergency care is at the core of the post-crash response. There is a series of time sensitive actions that are essential to provide effective care for the injured, beginning with activation of the emergency care system and continuing with care at the scene, transport, and facility- based emergency care. Rehabilitation – both in hospital and beyond, is essential to maximise the impact of emergency and surgical care and to limit the physical and psychological impact of injuries (18). Ideally, countries should designate a lead government agency with the authority to set system-wide standards and to coordinate prehospital and hospital-based care for the injured. Role of bystanders in the emergency care system Even the most sophisticated emergency care system is ineffective if bystanders fail to recognize a serious injury or do not know how to call for help. Bystanders contribute by activating the emergency care system and taking simple, potentially life-saving actions until professional help is available (80–82). To facilitate the important contribution of bystanders it is important that there is legislation in place to protect those who assist the injured. WHO’s Emergency Care System Assessments, carried out in over 30 countries worldwide, Countries should set up lead agencies to set standards and coordinate care for those injured in rRaG WraIfic crashes. Chapter 6 69 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 55% of countries have a formal process to train and certify prehospital care providers. found that many countries have no bystander protection laws or limited enforcement, and many countries report that those who CssisttheiPLuredeZperiePceCrCPIeQHseriQusfiPCPciCNNeICNCPd social consequences. To activate the emergency care system, ideally there should be a single telephone number that is valid throughout the country, easy to remember and available as a free call (6,80,83). This current report found that 109 countries have a telephone number with full national coverage. Among the countries that have conducted the WHO Emergency Care System Assessment, several report that less than half the population know the emergency care access number by memory. Care at the scene The proportion of patients who die before reaching a hospital in middle-income countries is over twice that in high-income countries (84). Despite the enormous potential impact of prehospital care, the current report shows that 55% of countries have a formal process to train and certify prehospital providers. In addition, the WHO Emergency Care System Assessments data show that most countries report either no ambulances available to travel to the scene of the crash or that the number of ambulances available is grossly inadequate to meet population needs. It is important to recognise that while the optimal system may be one that can quickly dispatch equipped ambulances with trained providers to the scene of the injury, there are many ways to improve care at the scene of a crash (3,80). For example, simple systems using mobile phones and targeted training of key lay groups (e.g. community leaders, police, and professional drivers) to provide basic interventions can bridge to professional care and improve outcomes (3,80). 70 Hospital-based emergency care for the injured Even short delays to care for the injured can mean lives lost. The WHO Emergency Care System Assessments have found that first-level hospitals in many countries lack dedicated emergency units altogether. Where these units exist, many lack essential equipment for diagnosis and treatment of injuries, and few have the protocols and checklists needed to ensure a systematic approach to every injured patient. They are often staffed only by providers working on a rotational basis who may or may not have the benefit of dedicated training in the care of emergencies: indeed, this report found that just more than half (54%) of countries have speciality training pathways in emergency medicine and trauma surgery. Beyond a staffed and equipped emergency unit, any facility that is certified to care for the seriously injured should have 24-hour access to operative and critical care services. However, most countries who have conducted the Emergency Care System Assessment report that less than a quarter of the population overall would be able to access a staffed operating theatre within two hours of serious injury. In addition, all assessed countries report inadequate numbers of qualified rehabilitation providers and long delays in accessing community-based rehabilitation services. Data and information to guide post- crash response Systematic hospital-based data collection is critical to both clinical quality improvement activities and targeted planning and prevention initiatives. Trauma registries are case-based databases that gather information on injury epidemiology, clinical interventions and health outcomes in order to identify and address specific gaps in care. In both high- and limited-resource settings, registries have been shown to Chapter 6 71 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 improve the quality of care and clinical outcomes, as well as allow for the identification of high-yield targets for prevention. Overall, the current report found that fewer than half (45%) of countries had national or subnational trauma registries in place. Over half of the world’s countries either have registries only in a few scattered facilities or no registry at all. To address this gap, WHO has recently established a Global Registry for Emergency and Trauma Care, and implementation has been initiated in a number of middle-income countries. In addition, it is essential for countries to establish policies that ensure effective crash investigation and equitable access to information for survivors and their families. 72 Box 12: A simple low-cost emergency care package in Uganda Emergency care in health facilities across Uganda is improving following a Ministry of Health scale-up of a WHO pilot intervention that halved the number of hospital deaths from emergency conditions (road traffic injuries, childhood diarrhoea, pneumonia, asthma and postpartum haemorrhage). Executed at a cost of US$ 3500 per hospital, this pilot included WHO basic emergency care training for hospital staff, the introduction of simple WHO emergency unit protocols (including checklists and triage) and identifying and organizing a simple resuscitation area with existing resources. In addition, Uganda has undertaken pilot implementation of the WHO Global Registry for Emergency and Trauma Care at regional hospitals around the country. The registry’s automated reporting functions allow data to be used to improve the quality of clinical care as well as to inform policy and planning. Chapter 6 73 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 74 CONCLUSION TAKING STOCK AND LOOKING AHEAD 1.35 million deaths each year 123 countries have road traffic laws that meet best practice for at least one of the key behavioural risk factors 88% of pedestrian travel is on 1- or 2-star roads 40 countries have implemented 7 or 8 of the priority UN vehicle safety standards 109 countries have a telephone number with national coverage to activate the emergency care system • The Decade of Action for Road Safety 2011-2020 has led to a remarkable increase in global attention, investments and efforts to reduce deaths and injuries on the world’s roads. • While progress has been made by countries in strePIthePiPIrQCdtrCHficNCYs iOprQXiPIthesCHet[ of roads and vehicles, and enhancing post-crash care, thePuODerQHrQCdtrCHficdeCthsCPdiPLuriesreOCiPs unacceptably high. • The progress that has been achieved has not occurred at a pace fast enough to achieve the SDG target 3.6 to reducerQCdtrCHficdeCthsD[D[ • Above all, accelerating progress will require increased political will and commitment at the highest level of government. Key messages 76 Summary of progress to date The number of road traffic deaths continues to climb, reaching 1.35 million in 2016, while the rate of death relative to the size of the world’s population has stabilized in recent years. The progress that has been achieved has not occurred at a pace fast enough to compensate for the rising population and rapid motorization of transport taking place in many parts of the world. At this rate, the SDG target 3.6 to halve road traffic deaths by 2020 will not be met. This review of key risk factors does show, however, that progress is being made in improving key road safety laws, infrastructure, adoption of vehicles standards and improving access to the post-crash care. As countries work over time to create sustainably safe environments for road use through improved planning, design, operation and investment in the safety quality of roads, vehicles and post-crash care, the combined publicity and enforcement of key safety legislation CONCLUSION 77 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 presents opportunities to achieve immediate and substantial road safety results. The review has found that the progress has been made across countries to bring laws into line with best practice with tePCdditiQPCNcQuPtries iPtQtCN CNiIPiPIYithDestprCctices QPCddressiPIdriPMdriXiPIfiXeCdditiQPCNcQuPtries iPtQtCN aligning with best practices on motorcycle helmet use, four additional cQuPtries iPtQtCN CNiIPiPIYithDestprCcticesQPtheuseQH chiNdrestrCiPts[steOsCPdthreeCdditiQPCNcQuPtries iPtQtCN aligning with best practices on the use of seat-belts. The number of countries with laws in line with best practices for speed management hCsPQtchCPIed iPtQtCN #sCresuNtQHtheseiPterXePtiQPs CPCdditiQPCNQPeDiNNiQPpeQpNeCrePQYcQXeredD[rQCdtrCHficNCYs that meet best practice. Progress is evident in the planning, design and operation of roads and roadsides, addressing high-risk sections and areas and in the take-up of a range of tools. Vehicle safety measures continue to OCMeCsuDstCPtiCNCPdeHficiePtcQPtriDutiQPtQreduciPIdeCthCPd serious injuries amongst car occupants. Despite the fact that only 40 countries have implemented seven or eight of the priority UN vehicle safety standards, there are signs of progress with countries such as +PdiCprQduciPIitsfirstHQurstCrXehicNe6hereCreCNsQsiIPsthCt access to post-crash care is improving. 6herehCsCNsQDeePsiIPificCPtprQIressiPCdXCPciPItheINQDCN road safety agenda. The Decade of Action has led to a remarkable increase in global attention, investments, and efforts to reduce deaths and injuries on the world’s roads. The increased recognition and political support for road safety have fostered an enabling ePXirQPOePtHQrtCrIetedCctiQPsCPdCreeZeOpNifiedD[seXerCN important developments. Examples of these include: ´ SDG targets 3.6 and 11.2 addressing road safety; The Decade of Action has led to an increase in global attention, investments, and efforts to reduce deaths and injuries on roads. 78 ´ 12 voluntary global road safety performance targets in support of the SDGs and new linkages between road safety and other public health and societal goals; ´ United Nations Road Safety Trust Fund to catalyse investments in road safety in countries; ´ reIiQPCNdCtCQDserXCtQriestQHCciNitCteDetterrepQrtiPIQHrQCdtrCHfic deaths; and ´ networks of legislators in Africa and the Eastern Mediterranean to facilitate the implementation of road safety legislation that meet best practice. These outcomes are not directly captured by this report, but they contribute iPcriticCNYC[stQstrePIthePiPIthefieNd#NQPIYiththeiPXestOePtsQH IQXerPOePtsfiPCPciersCPdpriXCteHQuPdCtiQPsthe[hCXeNCidtheHQuPdCtiQP for future efforts and are indicative of the momentum generated in recent years. Remaining challenges The results presented in this report, and the developments highlighted above iPdicCtesiIPificCPtOQXesHQrYCrdhCXeDeePOCdeQPrQCdsCHet[QXerthe past decade. Further progress will depend upon future success in addressing therCPIeQHsiIPificCPtchCNNePIesYhichreOCiP Increasing political will Despite a better understanding of the problem and its solutions, political will to carry out the necessary actions is often lacking. Too many countries still lack funded strategies, lead agencies and good laws that are enforced. Ensuring accountability Improving the safety of roads requires clear responsibility and accountability that cuts across sectors. Those who plan, design, operate and use the road system share responsibility for creating a road system in which crashes do Investments of government, financiers and private foundations, have laid the foundation for future efforts. 79 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 CONCLUSION not result in death or serious injury. This responsibility is shared across government, business, media and civil society, requiring alignment with a range of societal goals, careful governmental leadership and an effective safety performance framework. However, there needs to be clear responsibility for progress on the system as well as for each component. The establishment of lead agencies with appropriate capacity and related multisectoral coordination arrangements amongst the responsible agencies are a prerequisite for effective action. Strengthening data collection Robust data are a critical component for the attainment of any future target. Without the ability to assess progress and the effectiveness of efforts to reduce fatalities and injuries, countries will not be able to identify gaps in the system and deliver tailored improvements. As a result of the differences in definitions, reporting, and coding practices adopted by health, police, and insurance, the individual sources of data often provide an incomplete view of the actual situation. Building capacity Many countries are still struggling to establish capacity for sustainable safety management and the leadership, coordination and funding arrangements, which underpin better performance. Silo approaches to intervention persist and while there are examples of multisectoral activity and shared responsibility, these are atypical. Looking Ahead While many key elements of the road safety response are now well articulated, there is a failure of implementation and scale of response in most countries. Current action is insufficient to meet the targets and a large burden of unnecessary death and injury, particularly to the young, will remain without a change in political will, clear responsibilities and accountability, good data and capacity to act. 80 Experience shows that sustained gains in road safety only happen when a more integrated approach is taken. Going forward, it will be important to learn from experiences to date and address the factors noted above that hinder success. There is an urgent need for governments to scale up their road safety efforts in order to live up to their commitments made in the Sustainable Development Agenda 2030. The upcoming Third Global Ministerial Conference on Road Safety in Sweden in February 2020 will be a key opportunity to take a strategic view and set a road safety agenda for the next decade, including by setting a new global target on fatalities. 81 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 CONCLUSION REFERENCES 1. 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SECTION 2 COUNTRY/AREA PROFILES 92 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of P ub lic H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency No Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads — Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 655 357 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 407 608 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 68 090 Heavy trucks 81 416 Buses 20 589 Other 77 654 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 565 a (63% M, 10% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 5 230 (95% CI 4 502 - 5 958) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 15.1 a Tra c Police Department. Unlimited time period following crash Afghanistan Population: 34 656 032 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 580 Deaths by road user category Source: Tra c Police Department 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 90 km/h b Max rural speed limit 90 km/h b Max motorway speed limit 90 km/h b Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law No Applies to drivers and passengers — Helmet fastening required — Helmet standard referred to and/or specified — Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement — Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants — Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes b Speed limit set per vehicle type with a maximum speed limit of 90 km/h for fast moving vehicles, decreased by 20 km/h in mountain paths c Not based on BAC. Alcohol consumption legally prohibited Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 93 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Inter-ministerial Committee for Road Safety, Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2009-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 563 106 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 436 013 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 36 096 Heavy trucks 17 670 Buses 7 050 Other 66 277 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 269 a (81% M, 19% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 399 (95% CI 369 - 428) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 13.6 a Directorate of Road Tra c Police. Died within 30 days of crash Albania Population: 2 926 348 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 4 250 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 16% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 24% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 12%Cyclists 8% Pedestrians 39% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 1% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other <1% Source: 2016, Directorate of Road Tra c Police, Accidents Information System (AIS) Source: Directorate of Road Tra c Police, Accidents Information System (AIS) 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 40 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 5% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 75% Drivers c, 60% Passengers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 85% Front seats c, 80% Rear seats c National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint d Child restraint required Up to 4 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, Directorate of Road Tra c Police, Accidents Information System (AIS) c 2016, Directorate of Road Tra c Police d Children under 12 years can travel in the front if placed in an appropriate restraining device (with airbag deactivated for rear-facing restraint) Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 94 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Council of Road Trac Planning (CNVOT) Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles — Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 2 845 a (71% M, 29% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 6 797 (95% CI 5 304 - 8 289) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 23.6 a National Police and Ministry of Health. Died within 72 hours of crash Angola Population: 28 813 464 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 440 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 27% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 33% Pedestrians 41% Source: 2016, National Police Source: National Police 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.06 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.06 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 7 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 40% Drivers b, 15% Passengers b National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 40% Front seats b, 10% Rear seats b National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs/150cm Child restraint required Up to 12 yrs/36 kg/150 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, National Police Trends in reported road tra c deaths Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 95 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth an d th e E nv iro nm en t. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Antigua & Barbuda Transport Board Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 36 030 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 32 828 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 180 Heavy trucks 1 272 Buses 1 630 Other 120 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry — Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 8 a (88% M, 13% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 8 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 7.9 a Police Tra c Department Records. Unlimited time period following crash Antigua and Barbuda Population: 100 963 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 13 400 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 63% Cyclists 13% Pedestrians 25% Source: 2016, Police Tra c Department Records Source: Police Tra c Department Records 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit ~ 32 km/h b Max rural speed limit ~ 64 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol <1% d National motorcycle helmet law No Applies to drivers and passengers — Helmet fastening required — Helmet standard referred to and/or specified — Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement — Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants — Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes b Applies in the City of Saint John's and in designated "speed limit areas" c Not based on BAC d 2011, Police Tra c Department Report Trends in reported road tra c deaths Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 96 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of th e I nt er ior an d T ra ns po rt. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Agency (ANSV), Ministry of Transportation Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 30% (2016-2026) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 21 633 587 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 13 850 936 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 7 040 248 Heavy trucks 306 171 Buses 88 307 Other 347 925 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes a Electronic stability control No b Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers — National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 5 530 c (78% M, 22% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 6 119 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 14 a Only for new models b Mandatory as from 2018 under voluntray agreement with car makers but postponed to 2022 by the new government following Brazil ESC mandatory date. c Statistical Report 2016 of the National Directorate of Road Observatory, National Road Safety Agency. Died within 30 days of crash Argentina Population: 43 847 432 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 11 960 Deaths by road user category Occupants of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 47% Pedestrians 8% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 1% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 18% Cyclists 2% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 22% Source: 2014, Ministry of Health of the Nation "Mortality from injuries in tra c accidents" Argentina. Years 2005-2014. Directorate of Health Statistics and Information. Buenos Aires December 2016. Series 12 N ° 7 Source: National Directorate of Road Observatory, National Road Safety Agency. 12.0 12.2 12.4 12.6 12.8 13.0 2016201520142013201220112010 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl d BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl d Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash — Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 17% e National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 65% Drivers f, 44% Passengers f National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 41% Front seats f, 23% Rear seats f National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required Up to 4 yrs g Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement — % children using child restraints 26% f National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes d ≤0.2 g/l for motorcycles drivers. e 2015, OAD/Sedronar. (2017) Mortality related to the consumption of psychoactive substances f 2016, Observational study of road safety behavior, National Directorate of Road Observatory g A 2018 amendment (not covered in the review period ending at December 2017) raised the age for mandatory child restraint use to 10 years old Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 97 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Council Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles — Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 267 a (81% M, 19% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 499 (95% CI 469 - 530) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 17.1 a Annual statistics report, based on death compiled by provincial vital statistics authorities. Died within 30 days of crash Armenia Population: 2 924 816 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 760 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 29% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 30% Cyclists <1% Pedestrians 35% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Other 2% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1% Source: 2016, Road police data Source: Road police and vital registration data 0 100 200 300 400 500 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 90 km/h b Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.04 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.04 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 2% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 95% Drivers d, 90% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 70% Drivers d, 70% Front seats d National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint e Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b The limit in residential area is reduced to 60 km/h c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers d 2016, Road police data e Transport of children under 12 years in the front seat shall be made in a "child protecting device" Trends in reported road tra c deaths Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 98 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by D ep ar tm en t o f I nf ra st ru ct ur e & R eg ion al D ev el op m en t. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Not funded Fatality reduction target 30% annually (2011- 2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 18 326 236 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 16 946 125 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 828 965 Heavy trucks 430 997 Buses 96 582 Other 23 567 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes a Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 296 b (74% M, 26% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 351 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 5.6 a Australia has signed the UN127 for Pedestrian Protection as a Contracting Party but is not enforcing it b National Crash Database, Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development. Died within 30 days of crash Australia Population: 24 125 848 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 54 420 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 45% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 16% Cyclists 2% Pedestrians 14% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 3% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other <1% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 19% Source: 2016, Australian Road Deaths Database and National Crash Database Source: Australian Road Deaths Database and National Crash Database 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 - 130 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 - 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 17% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 8 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 99% Drivers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 97% Front seats e, 96% Rear seats e National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 7 yrs f Child restraint required Up to 7 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes c 2015, National Crash Database, Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development d 1997, Haworth N et al, Case-Control Study of Motorcycle Crashes e 2013, Petroulias T, Community Attitudes to Road Safety: 2013 survey report f In no circumstances are children under 4 years allowed to sit in the front. Children from 4-7 years can sit in the front only if there is no room for them in the back due to the back seats being occupied by other children under 7 years Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 99 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of Tr an sp or t, In no va tio n an d T ec hn ol og y. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency BMVIT - Federal Ministry for Transport, Innovation and Technology Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 7 421 647 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 4 821 557 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 816 477 Heavy trucks 440 368 Buses 9 825 Other 1 333 420 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 432 a (72% M, 28% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 452 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 5.2 a Statistics Austria (online). Died within 30 days of crash Austria Population: 8 712 137 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 45 230 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 44% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 22% Cyclists 11% Pedestrians 17% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 5% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other <1% Source: Statistics Austria (online) Source: Statistics Austria (online) 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement — Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.01 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement — % road trac deaths involving alcohol 5% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs c Enforcement — Helmet wearing rate 100% All riders d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate 95% Front seats d, 93% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required Up to 14 yrs/150 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement — % children using child restraints 97% Rear seats d National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, Statistics Austria (online) c Or until footrests can be reached d 2016, IRTAD Road Safety Annual Report 2016 Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 100 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency State Road Police Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 330 551 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 136 983 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 3 290 Heavy trucks 141 525 Buses 30 958 Other 17 795 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 759 a (77% M, 23% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 845 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 8.7 a State Statistical Committee and State Road Police. Died within 7 days of crash Azerbaijan Population: 9 725 376 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 4 760 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 26% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 25% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers <1% Cyclists <1% Pedestrians 42% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 4% Source: 2016, Internal statistical data of State Road Police Source: Azerbaijan national statistics (online) 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 90km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 15% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No d Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 40% Front seats c, 20% Rear seats c National child restraint law No e Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint e Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Law not based on BAC/BrAC c 2016, Internal statistical data of State Road Police d The obligation to use seat belt does not apply in residential areas nor for children under 12 years e Child restraint systems are only required for children under 12 years seated in the front Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 101 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Council (NRSC), Ministry of Road Transport and Bridges Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 2 879 708 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 613 149 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 980 246 Heavy trucks 158 379 Buses 64 608 Other 63 326 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 2 376 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 24 954 (95% CI 20 730 - 29 177) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 15.3 a Bangladesh Police. Died at scene of crash Bangladesh Population: 162 951 552 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 330 Deaths by road user category Source: Bangladesh Police (fatality data), World Bank (population data) 0 1 2 3 4 201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit ~ 112 km/h b Max rural speed limit ~ 112 km/h b Max motorway speed limit ~ 112 km/h b Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants — Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes b Speed limit set per vehicle type with a maximum speed limit of 70 miles per hour (112 km/h) for light vehicles c Not based on BAC Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 102 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Barbados National Road Safety Council, Ministry of Transport and Works Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 117 104 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 108 502 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2 154 Heavy trucks 5 530 Buses 816 Other 102 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 9 a (89% M, 11% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 16 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 5.6 a Royal Barbados Police force. Defined as died within one year and one day of crash Barbados Population: 284 996 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 14 830 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 33% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 33% Pedestrians 22% Drivers and passengers of buses 11% Source: 2016, Royal Barbados Police Force Source: Royal Barbados Police Force 0 6 12 18 24 30 201620152014201320122011201020092008 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 80 km/h b Max rural speed limit 80 km/h b Max motorway speed limit 80 km/h b Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 4 yrs Child restraint required Up to 4 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Speed limit set per vehicle type with a maximum speed limit of 80 km/h for specified vehicles including private motor cars c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers or commission of a tra c oªence Trends in reported road tra c deaths Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 103 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency The Permanent Commission of the Ensuring Trac Safety under the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 20% (2016-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 01.01.2017 4 192 291 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 3 067 501 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 415 761 Heavy trucks 414 364 Buses 43 602 Other 251 063 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 588 a (69% M, 31% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 841 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 8.9 a Ministry of Internal Aªairs, State Automobile Inspection Department. Died within 30 days of crash Belarus Population: 9 480 042 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 5 600 Deaths by road user category Source: Information about the State of of Road Tra c Accidents in the Republic of Belarus in 2016 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.03 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.03 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 14% (Drivers) c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint d Child restraint required Up to 5 yrs e Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers c 2016, Ministry of Internal Aªairs, State Automobile Inspection Department d If rear-facing child restraints, airbag shall be deactivated e For children aged 5-12 years, either CRS or "other means" (than CRS) can be used to secure the child using the seat belt Drivers of all vehicles 29% Passengers of all vehicles 20% Cyclists 9% Pedestrians 41% Other 1% Source: 2016, Information about the State of of Road Tra c Accidents in the Republic of Belarus in 2016 Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 104 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by N at ion al In st itu te fo r R oa d Sa fe ty. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency No Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2010-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 7 330 718 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 6 440 811 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 471 766 Heavy trucks 143 554 Buses 15 970 Other 258 617 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 637 a (76% M, 24% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 657 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 5.8 a Statistics Belgium. Died within 30 days of crash Belgium Population: 11 358 379 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 41 860 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 44% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 13% Cyclists 11% Pedestrians 12% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 4% Other 1% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 14% Source: 2016, Statistics Belgium Source: Statistics Belgium 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h b Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited for 3 or 8 yrs c Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 99% Drivers d, 100% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 92% Front seats e, 86% Rear seats e National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint f Child restraint required Up to 18 yrs/135 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes g Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 89% h National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b The 90 km/h speed limit applies on rural areas in Brussels capital region and Wallon region while there is a 70 km/h speed limit in the Flemish region c Restrictions vary depending on the type of motorcycles: children under 3 years are not allowed on mopeds and motorcycles, children under 8 years are not allowed on motorcycles over 125cc d 2013, Belgian Road Safety Institute e 2015, Belgian Road Safety Institute f Provided that airbag is deactivated if child is in a rear-facing child restraint system g All child restraints sold in Belgium must comply with UNECE regulation h 2014, Roynard, M (2015) Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 105 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Committee Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 0 deaths (2016-2030) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2007 56 094 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 45 336 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2 389 Heavy trucks 4 757 Buses 3 612 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 101 a (84% M, 16% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 104 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 28.3 a Ministry of Health Annual RTA Mortality Report. Died within 30 days of crash Belize Population: 366 954 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 4 410 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 11% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 8% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 20% Pedestrians 25% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 1% Other 24% Cyclists 12% Source: 2016, Ministry of Health Annual RTA Mortality Report Source: Ministry of Health, Annual RTA Mortality Report based on validated data with JICC 0 6 12 18 24 30 201620152014201320122011 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit ~ 40 km/h Max rural speed limit ~ 88 km/h Max motorway speed limit ~ 88 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers or commission of a tra c oªence Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 106 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Centre for Road Safety (CNSR), Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 469 761 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 238 436 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 195 157 Heavy trucks 19 747 Buses 311 Other 16 110 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 637 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 2 986 (95% CI 2 458 - 3 514) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 27.5 a Republic of Benin, Statistical Yearbook of Accidents 2015. Died within 7 days of crash Benin Population: 10 872 298 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 820 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 8% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 9% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 57% Cyclists <1% Pedestrians 17% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 7% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 1% Source: 2015, National Centre for Road Safety (CNSR) Source: National Centre for Road Safety (CNSR) 0 2 4 6 8 10 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law No Max urban speed limit — Max rural speed limit — Max motorway speed limit — Local authorities can modify limits — Enforcement — Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 25% Drivers c, 1% Passengers c National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants — Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law No b Not based on BAC c 2016, National Police Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 107 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of In fo rm at ion an d Co m m un ica tio ns . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Road Safety and Transport Authority (RSTA), Ministry of Information and Communications (MoIC) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target <8 deaths per 10 000 vehicles annually (2013- 2018) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for Till 30th April 2017 86 981 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 56 232 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 9 786 Heavy trucks 12 891 Buses 681 Other 7 391 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 125 a (67% M, 17% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 139 (95% CI 121 - 157) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 17.4 a Ministry of Information and Communications (MoIC), Road Safety and Transport Authority (RSTA), Tra c Police and Ministry of Health. Died within 7 days of crash Bhutan Population: 797 765 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 510 Deaths by road user category Source: Road Safety and Transport Authority (RSTA), Tra c Police, and Ministry of Health (MoH) 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 30 km/h Max rural speed limit 50 km/h Max motorway speed limit 50 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 108 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Vice Ministry of Public Safety, Ministry of Government Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 10% (2014-2018) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 711 005 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 032 581 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 391 219 Heavy trucks 146 703 Buses 124 805 Other 15 697 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 259 a (82% M, 18% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 687 (95% CI 1 532 - 1 842) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 15.5 a National Observatory of Public Safety, Bolivian Police data. Died at scene of crash Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Population: 10 887 882 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 070 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 61% Pedestrians 2% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 12% Drivers and passengers of buses 5% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 20% Source: 2016, National Observatory of Public Safety, Bolivian Police data Source: National Observatory of Public Safety, Bolivian Police data and INE 0 4 8 12 16 20 201620152014201320122011201020092008 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 40 km/h b Max rural speed limit 80 km/h b Max motorway speed limit 80 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 6% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 52% Drivers e, 3% Passengers e National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 4% Front seats e, <1% Rear seats e National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes b Can be increased to an unspecified speed under certain circumstances c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers d 2016. National observatory of Public safety, Bolivian Police data e 2013, Observational urban field study on the use of seat belts, child restraint systems in private vehicles and the use of helmets on motorcycles and mopeds in the Plurinational State of Bolivia Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 109 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of Ci vil A ªa irs . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Agency for Trac Safety of the Republic of Srpska, Ministry of Communications and Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2013-2022) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 978 229 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 840 280 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 14 399 Heavy trucks 79 135 Buses 4 275 Other 40 140 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 318 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 552 (95% CI 500 - 603) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 15.7 a Combined sources, including Federal Ministry of Interior and Ministry of Interior of Republic of Srpska . Died within 30 days of crash Bosnia and Herzegovina Population: 3 516 816 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 4 880 Deaths by road user category Source: Multiple sources, including Federal Ministry of Internal Aªairs and Ministry of Interior of the Republic of Srpska 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h b Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.03 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 21% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 51% Front seats d, 11% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs e Child restraint required Up to 12 yrs f Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 40% g National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Can be increased up to an unspecified speed c 2016, Ministry of Interior of Republic of Srpska d 2016, Auto Moto Association of Republic of Srpska e By exception, a child under 2 years can be seated in the front if there is no airbag installed or if the airbag is deactivated when the child is seated in a rear-facing seat f Children aged 5-12 years can be either restrained in a booster seat or in a child restraint g 2016, Auto Moto Association of Republic of Srpska (Data only for Republic of Srpska) Source: 2016, Annual report for 2016 of Brcko district, B&H tra c police unit and Ministry of Interior of Republic of Srpska Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n DATA NOT AVA I LABLE 110 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of Tr an sp or t a nd Co m m un ica tio ns . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Committee (NRSC) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 1995-2016 653 274 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 438 224 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2 250 Heavy trucks 28 208 Buses 18 841 Other 165 751 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers — National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 450 a (72% M, 28% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 535 (95% CI 465 - 606) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 23.8 a Botswana Police Service. Died within a year of crash Botswana Population: 2 250 260 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 6 610 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 23% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 40% Cyclists 2% Pedestrians 25% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Drivers and passengers of buses 2% Other 7% Source: 2016, Botswana Police Service Source: Botswana Police Service 0 7 14 21 28 35 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 4% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 5 yrs Child restraint required Up to 5 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, Botswana Police Service Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 111 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Trac Department (DENATRAN), Ministry of Cities Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 93 867 016 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 61 938 226 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 25 311 251 Heavy trucks 5 586 558 Buses 984 847 Other 46 134 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 38 651 a (82% M, 18% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 41 007 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 19.7 a Mortality Information System (SIM), Ministry of Health. Unlimited time period following crash Brazil Population: 207 652 864 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 8 840 Deaths by road user category Occupants of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 23% Pedestrians 18% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 21% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 31% Cyclists 3% Source: 2015, Mortality Information System (SIM), Ministry of Health Source: Mortality Information System (SIM), Ministry of Health 0 5 10 15 20 25 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 80 km/h b Max rural speed limit 60 km/h c Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population 0.00 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 7 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 83% Drivers d, 80% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 79% Front seats d, 50% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required Up to 7.5 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 57% e National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes b Can be increased up to an unspecified speed c This limit applies to unpaved roadways while on undivided highway the maximum speed limit is 100 km/h for automobiles, light trucks and motorcycles d 2013, IBGE, Directorate of Research, Coordination of Work and Income, National Health Survey e 2012, Child Restraint Use, Safe Kids Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 112 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency State-public Consultative Commission on the Problems of Road Safety Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 4 031 748 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 3 637 961 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 174 487 Heavy trucks 196 372 Buses 22 928 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 708 a (78% M, 22% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 730 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 10.2 a Chief Directorate "National Police", Ministry of Interior; National Statistical Institute. Died within 30 days of crash Bulgaria Population: 7 131 494 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 7 470 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 40% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 24% Cyclists 5% Pedestrians 17% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 4% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 2% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 8% Source: 2016, Chief Directorate "National Police", Ministry of Interior; National Statistical Institute Source: Chief Directorate "National Police", Ministry of Interior and National Statistical Institute 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 140 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol <1% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 80% Drivers c, 30% Passengers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 80% All occupants d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint e Child restraint required Up to 150 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, Chief Directorate "National Police", Ministry of Interior, National Statistical Institute c 2010, Tra c police monitoring d 2010-2013, Surveys of knowledge and attitudes towards behavioral change and healthy lifestyle skills e Provided that airbag is deactivated if child is in a rear-facing child restraint system Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 113 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of Tr an sp or t, Ur ba n Mo bil ity an d Ro ad S af et y. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Oce for Road Safety (ONASER), Ministry of Transport, Urban Mobility and Road Safety (MTMUSR) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 25% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 2 106 292 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 237 979 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 789 181 Heavy trucks 28 231 Buses 10 952 Other 39 949 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 878 a (72% M, 28% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 5 686 (95% CI 4 499 - 6 872) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 30.5 a National Police and National Gendarmerie. Died within 24 hours of crash Burkina Faso Population: 18 646 432 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 640 Deaths by road user category DATA NOT AVA I LABLE Source: National Police, National Gendarmerie, and National Institute for Statistics and Demography (INSD) 0 2 4 6 8 201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 5 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 9% All riders b National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 7 yrs Child restraint required Up to 8 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2008, Contextual study on helmet use to develop a national strategy for helmet use in Burkina Faso Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 114 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of P ub lic H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Trac and Road Safety Police, Ministry of Public Security Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for Juin 2017 111 236 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 32 488 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 28 269 Heavy trucks 2 876 Buses 2 775 Other 44 828 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number None Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 112 a (77% M, 23% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 651 (95% CI 2 926 - 4 376) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 34.7 a Statistical Yearbook 2015. Died within 30 days of crash Burundi Population: 10 524 117 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 280 Deaths by road user category Source: Statistical Yearbooks and National Health Information System, 2010-2015 0 1 2 3 4 201520142013201220112010 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes c Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 13 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law No b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers c Legislation requires drivers and passengers "and particularly those sitting in the front" to use a seat belt Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 115 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of In te rn al A dm in ist ra tio n. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency General Directorate of Road Transport (DGTR), Ministry of Internal Administration Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 64 955 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 47 354 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 7 595 Heavy trucks 10 006 Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 41 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 135 (95% CI 118 - 152) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 25 a National Police O ce, National Police Report. Died within 30 days of crash Cabo Verde Population: 539 560 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 970 Deaths by road user category Source: National Police, General Directorate of Road Transport (DGTR), and National Statistics Institute (INE) 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 7 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No c Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint d Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law No b Legislation refers to testing of drivers in case of crash c The legislation refers to the use of either child restraint systems or seat-belts for children d Children under 12 yrs/150cm shall normally sit in the rear except if placed in a suitable child restraint Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 116 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Committee (NRSC) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 3 751 715 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 97 239 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2 714 193 Heavy trucks 57 321 Buses 5 972 Other 876 990 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 852 a (80% M, 20% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 2 803 (95% CI 2 381 - 3 226) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 17.8 a Road Crash and Victim Information System (RCVIS). Died within 30 days of crash Cambodia Population: 15 762 370 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 140 Deaths by road user category Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 73% Cyclists 2% Pedestrians 10% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 4% Other 5% Occupants of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 6% Source: 2016, Road Crash and Victim Information System (RCVIS) annual report Source: Road Crash and Victim Information System (RCVIS) 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 40 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 13% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 70% - 43% Drivers c, 30% - 13% Passengers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No d Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes e Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs f Child restraint required Up to 4 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, Road Crash and Victim Information System (RCVIS) c 2016, Cambodia Helmet Vaccine Initiative (Percentages are for day- and night-time observations, respectively) d Obligation to use seat belts for all passengers only applies outside cities and densely populated areas. Inside cities and densely populated areas, only the driver and front seat passengers are required to wear a seat belt e Enters into force in January 2020 f Ban on children under 10 years travelling in the front seat enters into force in January 2020 Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 117 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of P ub lic H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency No Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2007-2016 758 145 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 879 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 7 066 (95% CI 5 670 - 8 463) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 30.1 a Ministry of Transport, and Police. Unlimited time period following crash Cameroon Population: 23 439 188 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 200 Deaths by road user category Source: Ministry of Transport, Police, and Gendarmerie 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 5 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law No Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 118 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by Tr an sp or t C an ad a. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Canadian Council of Motor Transport Administrators, Council of Ministers Responsible for Transportation and Highway Safety Funded in national budget No a National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target Continual downward trend in fatalities over time (2016-2025) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes b Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 23 923 806 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 22 067 778 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 709 258 Heavy trucks 1 056 219 Buses 90 551 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers — National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 1 858 c (70% M, 30% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 2 118 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 5.8 a A self-sustaining organization through membership fees and data services b At many provincial and municipal levels of government c Canadian Motor Vehicle Tra c Collision Statistics. Died within 30 days of crash Canada Population: 36 289 824 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 43 660 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 46% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 18% Cyclists 3% Pedestrians 15% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 3% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 4% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 11% Source: 2015, Canadian Motor Vehicle Tra c Collision Statistics Source: Canadian Motor Vehicle Tra c Collision Statistics 0 2 4 6 8 10 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS * National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 50 - 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit 80 - 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population 0.04-0.08 g/dl d BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00-0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes e Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 30% f National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 98% Drivers g, 98% Passengers g National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 95% Front seats h, 89% Rear seats h National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required — i Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 91% j National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes * These data take into consideration subnational laws. A criteria is answered "Yes" if at least 80% of the subnational entities meet the criteria d National BAC limit is set at 0.08 g/dl. However, in practice all subnational entities have provided their own BAC limits that are reflected in the range above. e Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers f 2017, The Alcohol and Drug-Crash Problems in Canada: 2014 Report; The Tra c Injury Research Foundation of Canada g 2016, Police observation h 2010. Result of Transport Canada's Rural and Urban Survey of Seat Belt Use in Canada 2009-2010 i Child restraint laws are enacted at subnational level. While all provinces require the use of child restraints, they provide diªerent age / height criteria to specify the period for mandatory use of child restraints / booster seats j 2010. Canada National Survey on Child Restrain Use, Completed for Transport Canada, in partnership with AUTO21 Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 119 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of Tr an sp or t a nd Ci vil Av iat ion . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Committee of Road Safety, Ministry of Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2014 37 475 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number — Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers — National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 193 a (85% M, 15% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 546 (95% CI 1 209 - 1 884) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 33.6 a Gendarmerie and hospital records. Unlimited time period following crash Central African Republic Population: 4 594 621 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 370 Deaths by road user category SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 5 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No b Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted c Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law No b Rear-seated child passengers under 12 years are not subject to the obligation to use a seat belt c Legislation only recommends ("as far as possible") to place children under 12 years in the rear Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 DATA NOT AVA I LABLE 120 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of P ub lic H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Infrastructure, Transport and Civil Aviation Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target From 4.4% to 2% (by 2018) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 124 000 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number — Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 122 (96% M, 4% F) a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 990 (95% CI 3 110 - 4 870) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 27.6 a Police Report and Hospital Register. From Jan-Oct 2016. Died within 7 days of crash Chad Population: 14 452 543 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 720 Deaths by road user category Source: National police (2016 data from Jan-Oct 2016) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 201620152014201320122011201020092008 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 5 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law No Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 121 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of Tr an sp or ta tio n an d T el ec om un ica tio n. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Trac Safety Commission (CONASET) Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 4 960 945 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 4 366 131 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 175 019 Heavy trucks 298 347 Buses 121 448 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 675 a (78% M, 22% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 2 245 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 12.5 a Integrated Statistical System of the Chilean Police (SIEC2). Died within 24 hours of crash Chile Population: 17 909 754 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 13 530 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 23% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 19% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 9%Cyclists 6% Pedestrians 36% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 4% Drivers and passengers of buses 2% Other 1% Source: 2016, Integrated Statistical System of the Chilean Police (SIEC2) Source: Integrated Statistical System of the Chilean Police (SIEC2) 8 9 10 11 12 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h b Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.03 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.03 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 13% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 99% Drivers d, 98% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 59% Front seats d, 14% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs Child restraint required Up to 8 yrs/135 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 73% e National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Can be increased up to an unspecified limit under certain circumstances. c Integrated Statistical System of the Chilean Police (SIEC2), includes driver, passenger and pedestrian deaths caused by alcohol. d 2015, Observation study of use of child restraint systems, helmet, and distracting driving and motorcycles, CONASET e 2015, Observation study of use of child restraint systems, helmet, and distracting driving and motorcycles, CONASET Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 122 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by N at ion al H ea lth an d Fa m ily P la nn in g C om m iss ion . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Inter-ministerial Convention on Road Trac Safety Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 6% reduction in mortality rate per 10 000 vehicles (2016-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 294 694 457 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control No a Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 58 022 b (94% M, 6% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 256 180 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 18.2 a However top 12 car makers (more than 70% of sales volume) committed to ESC standard as from 2018 b National road tra c accident situation in 2015, Tra c Management Bureau of the Public Security Ministry. Died within 7 days of crash China Population: 1 411 415 375 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 8 260 Deaths by road user category Source: Chinese annual statistics report on road tra c accidents in 2015 0 2 4 6 8 10 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 70 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population < 0.02 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol <1% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 20% All riders e National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 37% Drivers e National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers d 2015, Chinese annual statistics report on road tra c accidents e 2010, Study on behavioral risk factors of road tra c injury in Chinese adults Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 123 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by th e N at ion al R oa d Sa fe ty A ge nc y. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Agency Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 26% (2011-2021) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2017 13 477 996 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 5 388 100 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 7 512 036 Heavy trucks 414 836 Buses 147 921 Other 15 103 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 7 158 a (81% M, 19% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 8 987 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 18.5 a National Observatory of Road Safety (ONSV/ANSV), Based on Information from the National Institute of Legal Medicine And Forensic Sciences (INMLCF). Died within a year of crash Colombia Population: 48 653 420 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 6 320 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 4% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 5% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 53% Cyclists 5% Pedestrians 26% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 3% Drivers and passengers of buses 2% Other 3% Source: 2016, National Observatory of Road Safety (ONSV/ANSV), Based on Information from the National Institute of Legal Medicine And Forensic Sciences (INMLCF) Source: National Observatory of Road Safety (ONSV/ANSV), Based on Information from the National Institute of Legal Medicine And Forensic Sciences (INMLCF) 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 80 km/h Max rural speed limit 120 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.02 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 96% Drivers b, 80% Passengers b National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 64% Front seats b, 2% Rear seats b National child restraint law No c Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints 7.11% d National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, Observational study of road behavior in Colombia, Iberoamerican Road Safety Observatory (OISEVI) c A child under 2 years travelling with a driver only shall be placed in a child restraint. If there is an adult passenger, the child can be held by the adult instead of being placed in a child restraint. d 2016, Use of seat belt and child restraint system in Colombia, OISEVI Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 124 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of In te rio r, I nf or m at ion , a nd D ec en tra liz at ion . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Multi-sectoral Committee on Road Safety Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 34 898 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number None Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 23 a (96% M, 4% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 211 (95% CI 177 - 245) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 26.5 a Annual statistics of the National Gendarmerie. Died within 30 days of crash Comoros Population: 795 601 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 760 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 13% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 52% Pedestrians 17% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 17% Source: 2016, Annual statistics of the National Gendarmerie Source: Annual statistics of the National Gendarmerie 0 5 10 15 20 25 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes b Max urban speed limit — Max rural speed limit — Max motorway speed limit — Local authorities can modify limits — Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law No Applies to drivers and passengers — Helmet fastening required — Helmet standard referred to and/or specified — Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement — Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants — Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes b Tra c code refers to regulations to set maximum speed limits, regulations not available c Not based on BAC Trends in reported road tra c deaths Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 125 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of Tr an sp or t, Civ il Av iat ion an d Me rc ha nt N av y. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency General Directorate of Land Transport (DGTT) Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 20% (2017-2018) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles — Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 308 a (56% M, 19% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 405 (95% CI 1 124 - 1 687) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 27.4 a General Directorate of Land Transport (DGTT) Activity Report. Died within 30 days of crash Congo Population: 5 125 821 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 710 Deaths by road user category Source: General Directorate of Land Transport (DGTT) Activity Report 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 5 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 27% All riders b National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 4% Front seats b, 4% Rear seats b National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law No b 2015, General Directorate of Land Transport (DGTT) Investigation Report Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 126 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Road Safety Steering Committee Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target Zero crash-related deaths (2016-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for July 2013-June 2014 12 453 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 5 085 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 6 846 Heavy trucks 491 Buses 31 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 5 a (40% M, 60% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 17.3 a Cook Islands health information bulletin 2015. Unlimited time period following crash Cook Islands Population: 17 379 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ — Deaths by road user category Source: Cook Islands health information bulletin 0 10 20 30 40 50 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 50 km/h Max motorway speed limit 50 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 39% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes c Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants — Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes b 2015, Cook Islands health information bulletin c Obligation to use a helmet only applies to those riding on a motorcycle travelling above 40 km/h (except for specific provisions in Rarotonga - persons between 16 and 25 and visitors required to wear helmet at all speeds) Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 20% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 80% Source: 2015, Cook Islands health information bulletin Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 127 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Road Safety Council (COSEVI), Ministry of Public Works and Transportation Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 20% (2015-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads — Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 1 991 398 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 362 737 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 5 778 Heavy trucks 44 764 Buses 28 846 Other 549 273 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 795 a (87% M, 13% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 812 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 16.7 a Judicial Power, Planning Directorate. Died within a year of crash Costa Rica Population: 4 857 274 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 10 840 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 15% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 9% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 40% Cyclists 10% Pedestrians 25% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks <1% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other <1% Source: 2015, Judicial Power, Planning Directorate Source: Judicial Power, Planning Directorate 0 4 8 12 16 20 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 60 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 31% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 5 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 98% Drivers c, 92% Passengers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 75% Front seats c, 36% Rear seats c National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs/145 cm Child restraint required Up to 12 yrs/145 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2015, Judicial Power, Judicial Morgue (extraction of physical files) c 2016, Seat belt and helmet study, Road Safety Council, Ministry of Public Works and Transportation (COSEVI) Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 128 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of Tr an sp or t. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Road Safety Oce (OSER), Ministry of Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 50 % (2016-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 905 537 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 624 820 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 162 996 Heavy trucks 90 554 Buses 27 166 Other 1 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 991 a (76% M, 12% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 5 582 (95% CI 4 635 - 6 529) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 23.6 a Road Safety O ce (OSER). Died within 30 days of crash Côte d’Ivoire Population: 23 695 920 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 520 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 4% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 7% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 35% Pedestrians 40% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 5% Drivers and passengers of buses 8% Cyclists <1% Source: 2016, Road Safety O ce (OSER) Source: Road Safety O ce (OSER) and National Institute of Statistics (INS) 0 1 2 3 4 5 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law No Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 129 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency No Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 996 056 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 551 819 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 150 478 Heavy trucks 159 542 Buses 5 514 Other 128 703 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 307 a (79% M, 21% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 340 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 8.1 a Ministry of Interior. Died within 30 days of crash Croatia Population: 4 213 265 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 12 110 Deaths by road user category Source: Ministry of Interior 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h b Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 24% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 95% Drivers d, 95% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 62% Front seats d, 14% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 150 cm Child restraint required Up to 135/150 cm e Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Can be increased up to 80 km/h c 2016, Ministry of Interior d 2015, Faculty of Transort and Tra c Sciences, University of Zagreb e A child of height 135-150 cm can be restrained with an adult seat belt only provided that this child sits in the rear of the car Source: 2016, Ministry of Interior Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 35% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 14% Cyclists 9% Pedestrians 22% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 16% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 2% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 3% Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 130 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of M in ist ry of P ub lic H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Commission (CNSV) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 5 deaths per 100 000 population (2010- 2025) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 633 369 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 236 006 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 217 223 Heavy trucks 65 542 Buses 19 842 Other 94 756 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 750 b (80% M, 20% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 975 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 8.5 a Data available only for 2013 b Tra c Accident Registry. Died within 30 days of crash Cuba Population: 11 475 982 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 6 570 a Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 5% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 5% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 16% Pedestrians 33% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 12% Drivers and passengers of buses 7% Other 13% Cyclists 10% Source: 2016, Tra c Accident Registry Source: Tra c Accident Registry 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.01 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 33% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 7 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 95% Drivers e, 90% Passengers e National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 35% Drivers e, 30% Front seats e National child restraint law No f Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes c Random breath testing not addressed in the law d Systematic studies carried out since 1985, Institute of Legal Medicine e 2016, National Transit O ce f Children under 2 years shall be either accompanied by adults or restrained with special accessories Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 131 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Road Safety Unit, Ministry of Transport, Communications and Works Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2012-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 650 805 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 487 692 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 39 282 Heavy trucks 121 119 Buses 2 712 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 46 a (78% M, 22% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 60 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 5.1 a Cyprus Police. Died within 30 days of crash Cyprus Population: 1 170 125 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 23 680 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 24% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 11% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 22%Cyclists 4% Pedestrians 30% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 7% Drivers and passengers of buses 2% Source: 2016, Cyprus Police Source: Cyprus Police and Cyprus Statistical Service 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 65 km/h Max rural speed limit No Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 17% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 75% Drivers c, 68% Passengers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint d Child restraint required Up to 135/150 cm e Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, Cyprus Police c 2010, Cyprus Police d Provided that airbag is deactivated if child is in a rear-facing child restraint system e A child of height 135-150 cm can be restrained with an adult seat belt only provided that this child sits in the rear of the car Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 132 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency The Council of the Government of the Czech Republic for Road Safety Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 60% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 7 325 789 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 5 115 316 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 046 467 Heavy trucks 646 792 Buses 19 950 Other 497 264 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 611 a (76% M, 24% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 630 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 5.9 a Ranking EU Progress on Road Safety. Died within 30 days of crash Czechia Population: 10 610 947 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 17 570 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 37% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 17% Cyclists 9% Pedestrians 21% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 6% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 10% Source: 2016, Directorate of Tra c Police Service, Tra c accident statistics Source: Directorate of Tra c Police Service, Tra c accident statistics 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h b Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.03 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.03 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 10% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 98% Front seats d, 72% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint e Child restraint required Up to 36 kg/150 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Can be increased up to 80 km/h c 2016, Directorate of Tra c Police Service, Tra c accident statistics d 2016, Center for Transport Research, Public Research Institute e Provided that airbag is deactivated if child is in a rear-facing child restraint system Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 133 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Program for Road Safety (CNPR), Ministry of Transport and Communication Channels Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure — Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles — Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 385 a (81% M, 19% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 26 529 (95% CI 21 142 - 31 915) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 33.7 a National Program for Road Safety (CNPR), Kinshasa city. Died at scene of crash Democratic Republic of the Congo Population: 78 736 152 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 420 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 1% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 35% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 12% Pedestrians 52% Other <1% Source: 2016, Road Tra c Police (PCR) Source: Road Tra c Police (PCR) 0 100 200 300 400 500 201620152014201320122011201020092008 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h b Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.10 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.10 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law No b Tra c signs may on certain public highways provide for a higher speed limit not exceeding 80 km/h c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers Trends in reported road tra c deaths Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 134 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by D an ish R oa d Di re ct or at e. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency No Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target ≤120 fatalities by 2020 (2013- 2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 3 131 673 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 2 786 472 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 198 035 Heavy trucks 41 436 Buses 13 383 Other 92 347 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers — National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 211 a (73% M, 27% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 227 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 4 a Road Directorate, Tra c accidents for the year 2016. Died within 30 days of crash Denmark Population: 5 711 870 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 56 730 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 45% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 3% Cyclists 15% Pedestrians 17% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 16% Drivers and passengers of buses 1% Other <1% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 1% Source: 2016, Danish Road Directorate statistics (based on police data) Source: Danish Road Directorate statistics (based on police data), National statistics (Statistics Denmark) 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes b Enforcement — Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement — % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 5 yrs / 135 cm Enforcement — Helmet wearing rate 98% Drivers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate 96% Front seats c, 91% Rear seats c National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint d Child restraint required Up to 135 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement — % children using child restraints 97% e National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Speed limits can be modified at local level by the road authorities and the police c 2016, Danish Road Safety Council d Provided that airbag is deactivated if a rear-facing restraint is used e 2012, The Danish Road Tra c Investigation Board, Christian Skov Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 135 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Transport Board, Ministry of Justice, Immigration and National Security Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure — Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 35 796 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 25 812 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2 747 Heavy trucks 4 834 Buses 2 403 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 10 a (70% M, 30% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 8 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 10.9 a Death Registry. Unlimited time period following crash Dominica Population: 73 543 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 6 750 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 10% Pedestrians 10% Drivers and passengers of buses 10% Other 10% Cyclists 60% Source: 2015, Vital registration,Verified Police Records and Health Facilities Record Source: Death Registry 0 4 8 12 16 20 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law No Max urban speed limit — Max rural speed limit — Max motorway speed limit — Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement — Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law No Applies to drivers and passengers — Helmet fastening required — Helmet standard referred to and/or specified — Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement — Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 136 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by IN TR AN T. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Presidential Commission for Road Safety and National Institute of Trac and Land Transport (INTRANT) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 30% (2017-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 3 854 038 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 203 176 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2 096 196 Heavy trucks 41 385 Buses 92 144 Other 421 137 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 3 118 a (88% M, 12% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 684 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 34.6 a Combined sources. Died within 30 days of crash Dominican Republic Population: 10 648 791 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 6 390 Deaths by road user category Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 5% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 67% Cyclists 1% Pedestrians 17% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 3% Drivers and passengers of buses 1% Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 6% Source: 2016, Metropolitan Transportation Authority (AMET) Source: Metropolitan Transportation Authority (AMET) 0 6 12 18 24 30 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 60 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 8 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 27% Drivers b, 2% Passengers b National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 18% Front seats b, 5% Rear seats b National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs Child restraint required Up to 6 yrs c Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2014, Metropolitan Transportation Authority (AMET) c Children aged 6-12 years shall be placed in a booster seat Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 137 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by N at ion al Tr an sit A ge nc y. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Trac Agency, Ministry of Transport and Public Works Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 40% (2015 - 2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 1 925 368 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 358 713 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 431 215 Heavy trucks 111 608 Buses 17 826 Other 6 006 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 2 894 a (81% M, 19% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 490 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 21.3 a National Institute of Statistics and Census. Died within 30 days of crash Ecuador Population: 16 385 068 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 5 820 Deaths by road user category Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 19% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 1% Other 52% Cyclists 2% Pedestrians 20% Drivers and passengers of heavy buses 1% Occupants of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 5% Source: 2015, National Institute of Statistics and Census Source: Statistical Registry of General Deaths and the National Tra c Agency 15 17 19 21 23 25 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 120 km/h Max motorway speed limit 135 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.03 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.03 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 7% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 7 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 90% Drivers c,12-52% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 26% Front seats e, 2% Rear seats e National child restraint law Yes f Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs Child restraint required — f Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 15% e National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers c 2015, National Tra c Agency d 52% wear helmet if it is only one more passenger, 12% when there is more than 2 passengers e 2016, National Tra c Agency f The legislation refers to seat belt or child restraints for children under 12 years but does not yet specify a minimum age/height/weight under which only child restraint systems can be used Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 138 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Council for Road Safety, Ministry of Interior Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 2-5 % (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 8 412 673 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 4 966 129 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2 967 829 Heavy trucks 380 980 Buses 97 735 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 8 211 a (82% M, 18% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 9 287 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 9.7 a Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS) and Ministry of Health. Died within 30 days of crash Egypt Population: 95 688 680 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 460 Deaths by road user category Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks <1% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 21% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 6%Cyclists 1% Pedestrians 27% Occupants of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 45% Source: 2016, Ministry of Health Source: Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS) & Ministry of Interior 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 7 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Not based on BAC Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 139 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Vice Ministry of Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 008 080 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 727 412 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 209 214 Heavy trucks 60 320 Buses 11 134 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 215 a (84% M, 16% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 411 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 22.2 a Civil National Police. Define as unlimited time period following crash El Salvador Population: 6 344 722 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 920 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 16% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 16% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 14% Pedestrians 49% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Cyclists 1% Drivers and passengers of buses 1% Source: 2016, Civil National Police Source: Civil National Police and Institute of Legal Medicine 0 6 12 18 24 30 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Not restricted b Child restraint required Up to 2 yrs/15 kg Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes b Except for children under 2 yrs or 15 kg who are required to be transported in a child restraint Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 140 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of th e I nt er ior an d Lo ca l C or po ra tio ns . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency General Directorate of Trac and Road Safety, Ministry of the Interior and Local Corporations Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads — Investments to upgrade high risk locations — Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles 143 000 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2011) 41 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 300 (95% CI 221 - 379) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 24.6 a General Directorate of Tra c and Road Safety. Died at scene of crash Equatorial Guinea Population: 1 221 490 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 6 550 Deaths by road user category SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash — Enforcement — % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 5 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law No Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 DATA NOT AVA I LABLE 141 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Land Transport Authority, Ministry of Transport and Communication Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 5% (2012-2016) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 72 405 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 42 468 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 4 035 Heavy trucks 21 137 Buses 4 765 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 130 b (81% M, 19% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 255 (95% CI 1 025 - 1 485) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 25.3 a Data available only for 2011 b Eritrean Police 2016 Annual report. Died within 30 days of crash Eritrea Population: 4 954 645 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 520 a Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 10% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 26% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2% Pedestrians 25% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 12% Drivers and passengers of buses 15% Cyclists 9% Source: 2016, Eritrean Police 2016 Annual Report Source: Eritrean Police 2016 Annual Report 0 40 80 120 160 200 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 95% Drivers d, 95% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 80% Drivers d, 80% Front seats d National child restraint law No e Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 9 yrs f Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers d 2016, Eritrean Police e Legislation refers to the use of child restraint or seat belts for "children over 9" while children under 3 years are required to be placed in a restraint only while seated in the front f Except for an infant under 3 years fitted in a proper restraint Trends in reported road tra c deaths Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 142 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by Es to ni an R oa d Ad m in ist ra tio n. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Governmental Committee of Trac Safety, Trac Safety Department Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 51% (2015-2025) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 865 040 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 703 151 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 48 834 Heavy trucks 108 217 Buses 4 838 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 71 a (70% M, 30% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 80 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 6.1 a Police and Border Guard Board’s analysis and data warehouse information system. Died within 30 days of crash Estonia Population: 1 312 442 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 17 750 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 28% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 24% Cyclists 7% Pedestrians 31% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1% Drivers and passengers of buses 1% Other 4% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 3% Source: 2016, Police and Border Guard Board’s analysis and data warehouse information system Source: Police and Border Guard Board’s analysis and data warehouse information system and Statistics Estonia 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h b Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit No c Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.02 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 10% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 98% Drivers e National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 97 Front seats f, 82% Rear seats f National child restraint law Yes g Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — g Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 98% f National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Can be increased up to 90 km/h on certain conditions c No motorways in the country d 2016, Police and Border Guard Board’s analysis and data warehouse information system e 2015, Motorcyclist’s travel, driving and safety habits f 2016, Tra c Behavior Monitoring 2016 g The legislation generally states that children not tall enough to wear a seat belt must be secured by a safety device corresponding to the height and weight of the child but does not specify age/height/weight group covered Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 143 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Road Safety Council, Ministry of Works and Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 99 830 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 203 a (71% M, 29% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 361 (95% CI 296 - 427) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 26.9 a Royal Swaziland Police Annual Report. Unlimited time period following crash Eswatini Population: 1 343 098 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 830 Deaths by road user category Passengers of all vehicles 30% Pedestrians 44% Drivers of all vehicles 24% Cyclists 2% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers <1% Source: 2016, Royal Swaziland Police Annual Report Source: Central Statistics O ce 0 5 10 15 20 25 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 100 km/h b Max rural speed limit 100 km/h b Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h b Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Speed limit for public roads is 100 km/h for a road with a surface of concrete, bitumen or tar and 80 km/h for other roads c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 144 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015/2016 708 416 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015/2016) 4 352 a (78% M, 22% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 27 326 (95% CI 21 494 - 33 159) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 26.7 a Federal Police Commission. Died within 30 days of crash Ethiopia Population: 102 403 200 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 660 Deaths by road user category Source: Ministry of Transport 0 1 2 3 4 5 201620152014201320122011201020092008 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 70 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 4% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate <1% All occupants d National child restraint law No e Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 13 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers c 2012/2013, Ethiopian Federal Police Commission d 2013/2014, Ethiopian Federal Police Commission e Legislation requires that children under 7 years be either accompanied by an adult or "hugged by an instrument made for safety purpose" Trends in reported road tra c deaths Other 63% Pedestrians 37% De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 145 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by th e L an d T ra ns po rt Au th or ity . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Land Transport Authority Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 110 763 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 60 a (75% M, 25% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 86 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 9.6 a Fiji Police Force, Road Tra c Accidents Annual Report 2016. Died within 30 days of crash Fiji Population: 898 760 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 4 840 Deaths by road user category Source: Land Transport Authority, "Factsheet 4: Ratios - Population & Vehicle Registration Ratios over 10 Year Period" 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit — b Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 5% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 8 yrs d Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 80% Drivers e, 80% Passengers e National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 75% Front seats f, 5% Rear seats f National child restraint law Yes g Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required Up to 8 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes b No motorways in the country c 2016, Fiji Police Force, Road Tra c Accidents Annual Report d Except if motorcycle is fitted with one additional seat designed to transport children e 2016, Observation by Land Transport Authority (LTA) and Police enforcement o cers f 2016, Fiji Police Annual Booking Report g The obligation to use a child restraint for children under 8 years sitting in the rear is subject to the availability of a restraint system in the car Drivers of all vehicles 28% Pedestrians 37% Passengers of all vehicles 35% Source: 2016, Fiji Police Force, Road Tra c Accidents Annual Report Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 146 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by Fi nn ish Tr an sp or t S af et y A ge nc y. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Transport and Communications Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target < 136 fatalities by 2020 (2010-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 5 217 850 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 3 781 441 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 592 960 Heavy trucks 146 624 Buses 17 536 Other 679 289 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 252 a (81% M, 19% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 260 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 4.7 a Statistics Finland. Died within 30 days of crash Finland Population: 5 503 132 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 44 730 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 51% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 14% Cyclists 10% Pedestrians 11% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Other 4% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 9% Source: 2016, Statistics Finland Source: Statistics Finland 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 24% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 98% All riders c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 95% Front seats d, 85% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint e Child restraint required Up to 135 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 97% d National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, Statistics Finland c 2011, Finnish Road Safety Council, Research survey on moped drivers among students d 2016, Finnish Road Safety Council e Provided that airbag is deactivated if child is in a rear-facing child restraint system Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 147 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of th e I nt er ior . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Inter-ministerial Delegation for Road Safety, Ministry of Interior Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2010-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 42 363 000 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 37 920 000 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 3 800 000 Heavy trucks 550 000 Buses 93 000 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers — National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 3 477 a (76% M, 24% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 585 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 5.5 a National Interdepartmental Observatory of Road Safety (ONISR). Died within 30 days of crash France Population: 64 720 688 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 38 950 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 40% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 14% Cyclists 5% Pedestrians 16% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 21% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 2% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Source: 2016, National Interdepartmental Observatory of Road Safety (ONISR) Source: National Interdepartmental Observatory of Road Safety (ONISR, fatality data) 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 29% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 98% All riders b National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 98% Front seats b, 88% Rear seats b National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs c Child restraint required Up to 10 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, National Interdepartmental Observatory of Road Safety (ONISR). c By exception, children under 10 years can sit in the front if placed in a rear-facing child restraint (if front airbag is deactivated) or if there are no available rear seats Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 148 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency General Directorate of Road Safety (DGSR), Ministry of Transport and Logistics Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Not funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure — Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads — Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles — Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 54 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 460 (95% CI 382 - 538) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 23.2 a National Police Force (data for Libreville). Died within 30 days of crash Gabon Population: 1 979 786 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 7 210 Deaths by road user category Source: General Directorate of Road Safety (DGSR) 0 60 120 180 240 300 201620152014201320122011201020092008 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 5 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law No Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 149 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of Tr an sp or t, W or ks an d In fra st ru ct ur e. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Directorate of Planning, Ministry of Transport, Works and Infrastructure Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2005-2016 84 963 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 33 734 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 28 118 Heavy trucks 3 940 Buses 6 947 Other 12 224 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number None Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 139 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 605 (95% CI 484 - 726) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 29.7 a Gambia Police Force. Time period following a crash not defined in legislation Gambia Population: 2 038 501 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 440 Deaths by road user category Source: : Gambia Police Force and Gambia Bureau of Statistics 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit No Max rural speed limit No Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 2% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required Up to 5 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Not based on BAC c 2013, The Gambia Police Accident Statistics Unit Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 150 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by N at ion al Ce nt er fo r D ise as e C on tro l a nd P ub lic H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Economy and Sustainable Development of Georgia Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 25% (2016-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 126 470 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 919 199 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 63 083 Heavy trucks 93 497 Buses 50 691 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 581 a (54% M, 20% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 599 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 15.3 a Ministry of Interior Aªairs. Unlimited time period following crash Georgia Population: 3 925 405 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 810 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 20% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 24% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers <1% Pedestrians 27% Other 27% Cyclists <1% Source: 2016, Patrol police of the Ministry of Interior Aªairs Source: Ministry of Interior Aªairs of Georgia 0 5 10 15 20 25 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.03 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.03 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 9% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 70% Drivers d, 60% Front seats d National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers c 2016, Ministry of Interior Aªairs (Patrol police) d 2006, World Bank Survey on Seat Belt in Tbilisi Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 151 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by Fe de ra l H igh wa y R es ea rc h In st itu te (B AS t). INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure (BMVI) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 40% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 56 622 000 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 45 071 000 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 6 248 000 Heavy trucks 4 942 000 Buses 78 000 Other 283 000 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 3 206 a (73% M, 27% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 327 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 4.1 a Federal Statistical O ce. Died within 30 days of crash Germany Population: 81 914 672 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 43 660 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 36% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 12% Cyclists 12% Pedestrians 15% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 19% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other <1% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 5% Source: 2016, Federal Statistical O ce Source: Federal Statistical O ce 0 2 4 6 8 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit No b Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement — Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement — % road trac deaths involving alcohol 7% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement — Helmet wearing rate 99% Drivers d, 100% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate 98% Front seats d, 99% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required Up to 12 yrs/150 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement — % children using child restraints 97-99% d National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b There is no maximum speed limit on motorways c 2016, Federal Statistical O ce d 2015, Federal Highway Research Institute (BASt) Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 152 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by N at ion al R oa d Sa fe ty Co m m iss ion . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Commission (NRSC), Ministry of Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 2 066 943 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 171 169 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 515 507 Heavy trucks 153 923 Buses 210 997 Other 15 347 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 1 802 a (79% M, 21% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 7 018 (95% CI 6 056 - 7 980) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 24.9 a National Road Safety Commission (NRSC), National Accident Statistics 2015. Died within 30 days of crash Ghana Population: 28 206 728 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 380 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 5% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 7% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 18% Pedestrians 46% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 6% Drivers and passengers of buses 13% Other 2% Cyclists 3% Source: 2015, National Road Safety Commission (NRSC), National Accident Statistics 2015 Source: National Road Safety Commission (NRSC), National Accident Statistics 2015 0 2 4 6 8 10 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 42% Drivers c, 17% Passengers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 18% Front seats c, 4% Rear seats c National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 5 yrs d Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers or commission of a tra c oªence c 2015, National seatbelt and crash helmet usage survey d Under the road tra c act, children aged 5 years and below shall not sit in the front, while under the road tra c regulations they can sit in the front if placed in a child restraint Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 153 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by D ep ar tm en t o f T ra ns po rta tio n Pl an ni ng an d En gin ee rin g. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Inter-Ministerial Road Safety Committee Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target < 640 fatalities (2010-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 9 489 299 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 5 160 056 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2 969 879 Heavy trucks 1 332 823 Buses 26 541 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 824 a (80% M, 20% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 026 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 9.2 a Hellenic Statistical Authority (ELSTAT). Died within 30 days of crash Greece Population: 11 183 716 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 18 960 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 29% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 11% Cyclists 2% Pedestrians 18% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 5% Other 2% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 32% Source: 2016, Hellenic Statistical Authority (ELSTAT) Source: Hellenic Statistical Authority (ELSTAT) 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 25% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 5 yrs c Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 75% Drivers d, 46% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 74% Front seats d, 23% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required 135-150 cm e Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 67% d National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2015, Hellenic Statistical Authority (ELSTAT), National Technical University of Athens c Unless placed in an appropriate child restraint d 2009, National Technical University of Athens e The use of seat belt is allowed for children of height 135-150 cm sitting in the rear Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 154 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Transport Board, Ministry of Works Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 27 266 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 10 a (100% M, 0% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 10 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 9.3 a Royal Grenada Police Force Tra c Department and death certificates from the Epidemiology and Information Unit of the Ministry of Health. Time period for deaths not defined Grenada Population: 107 317 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 8 830 Deaths by road user category DATA NOT AVA I LABLE Source: Royal Grenada Police Force Tra c Department and death certificates from the Epidemiology and Information Unit of the Ministry of Health 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 20162015201420132012 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit ~ 32 km/h Max rural speed limit ~ 64 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes b Not based on BAC Trends in reported road tra c deaths Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 155 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by th e T ra ns it De pa rtm en t. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Transit Department, Ministry of Government Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 5.5% deaths per 100 000 population (2017- 2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 3 250 194 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 706 275 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 227 879 Heavy trucks 154 473 Buses 113 448 Other 48 119 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 2 058 a (84% M, 16% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 2 758 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 16.6 a National Observatory of Tra c Safety (ONSET), Bulletin 37, 2016. Died at scene of crash Guatemala Population: 16 582 469 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 790 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 8% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 11% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 33% Cyclists <1% Pedestrians 39% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 4% Drivers and passengers of buses 3% Other 1% Source: 2016, Tra c accidents database, National Civil Police. Source: Tra c accidents database, National Civil Police. 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 36% Drivers c, 11% Passengers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Not based on BAC c 2016, Observational study of helmet and vest, National Observatory of Tra c Safety. Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 156 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Program to Combat Trauma and Violence Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 259 731 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 187 165 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 72 566 Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number None Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 458 a (72% M, 22% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 490 (95% CI 2 903 - 4 077) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 28.2 a Police and Gendarmerie. Died at scene of crash Guinea Population: 12 395 924 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 490 Deaths by road user category Source: Police and Gendarmerie, Statistical Directory on Transport of the Republic of Guinea, 2nd Edition 0 150 300 450 600 750 2016201520142013201220112010 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law No Max urban speed limit — Max rural speed limit — Max motorway speed limit — Local authorities can modify limits — Enforcement — Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required Up to 18 mths b Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law No b The legislation refers to homologated seats for children under 18 months and to cribs and hammocs for children under 10 years Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 157 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of P ub lic H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency No Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 62 239 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 122 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 565 (95% CI 465 - 664) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 31.1 a National Transit Group. Time period following a crash not defined Guinea-Bissau Population: 1 815 698 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 620 Deaths by road user category Source: National Transit Group 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 6 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs/135 cm Child restraint required Up to 12 yrs/135 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 158 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of P ub lic S ec ur ity . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Public Security Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 15 694 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 8 846 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 3 505 Heavy trucks 1 356 Buses 785 Other 1 202 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 128 a (77% M, 23% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 190 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 24.6 a Guyana Police Force. Died within a year of crash Guyana Population: 773 303 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 4 250 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 11% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 13% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 22% Cyclists 13% Pedestrians 30% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 6% Drivers and passengers of buses 5% Source: 2016, Guyana Police Force Source: Guyana Police Force 0 7 14 21 28 35 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes b Max urban speed limit ~ 64 km/h Max rural speed limit ~ 64 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 17% d National motorcycle helmet law No Applies to drivers and passengers — Helmet fastening required — Helmet standard referred to and/or specified — Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement — Helmet wearing rate 50% Drivers d, 20% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 95% Drivers d, 95% Front seats d National child restraint law Yes e Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — e Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Speed limits set per vehicle type and road type - for motor cars, speed limits are: 30 mph (48 km/h) on restricted roads, 60 mph (96 km/h) on Timehri/Linden Highway and 40 mph (64 km/h) elsewhere c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers d 2016, Guyana Police Force e The legislation refers to child restraint sytem for children but does not specify the age/height group covered by this obligation Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 159 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by S ta te S ec re ta ria t o f S ec ur ity . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Directorate of Roads and Transportation, Secretariat for Security Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 694 504 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 987 829 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 602 837 Heavy trucks 63 094 Buses 40 744 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 407 a (83% M, 17% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 525 (95% CI 1 388 - 1 661) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 16.7 a Combined sources: National Observatory of Road Safety, Police Statistical System, and National Observatory of Violence. Unlimited time period following crash Honduras Population: 9 112 867 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 150 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 19% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 24% Pedestrians 28% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 5% Drivers and passengers of buses 3% Other 18% Cyclists 4% Source: 2016, Summary of Accidents, National Observatory of Road Safety, Statistical Police System (ONASEVIH/ SEPOL) Source: National Observatory of Road Safety, Statistical Police System and National Observatory of Violence 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes b Max urban speed limit — Max rural speed limit — Max motorway speed limit — Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.07 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.07 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 7% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No e Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation refers to regulations to set maximum speed limits, regulations not available c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers d National Observatory of Road Safety, Statistical Police System (ONASEVIH/SEPOL) e Legislation refers to the protection of children under 5 years but does not specify which form this protection takes Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 160 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H um an Ca pa cit ies . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency No Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2017-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 4 022 798 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 3 313 206 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 162 148 Heavy trucks 528 962 Buses 18 482 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 607 a (76% M, 24% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 756 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 7.8 a Hungarian Central Statistical O ce: Data collection No. 1009. Died within 30 days of crash Hungary Population: 9 753 281 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 12 570 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 28% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 17% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 11% Cyclists 12% Pedestrians 25% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 4% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Other 2% Source: 2016, Hungarian Central Statistical O ce: Data collection No. 1009 Source: Hungarian Central Statistical O ce: Data collection No. 1009 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population 0.00 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 7% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 100% Budapest, 92% Country road e National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 83% Front seats f, 39% Rear seats f National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required 135-150 cm g Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 67% h National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Any presence of alcohol in the body is prohibited c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers d 2016, Hungarian Central Statistical O ce e 2017, Institute for Transport Sciences f 2015, Institute for Transport Sciences g Children of height 135-150 cm can be restrained with seat belt only if they sit in the back h 2015, Institute for Transport Sciences, Roadside survey Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 161 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by Ic el an dic Tr an sp or t A ut ho rit y. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency The Icelandic Transport Authority (Samgöngustofa) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 289 501 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 264 998 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 10 573 Heavy trucks 11 068 Buses 2 862 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 18 a (72% M, 28% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 22 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 6.6 a Road Tra c Accident Report 2016, The Icelandic Transport Authority. Died within 30 days of crash Iceland Population: 332 474 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 56 990 Source: The Icelandic Transport Authority, Road Tra c Accident Report 2016 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 14% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted c Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 93% Front seats d, 86% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint e Child restraint required Up to 135 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 93% f National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2007-2016, The IceTrA accident database c Children who are 7 years or younger shall be placed in an appropriate child seat while children older than 7 years shall be able to have their feet reaching the pedals d Survey on attitudes and behaviour in tra c 2016 e Seating of children under 150cm allowed in the front only if front airbag deactivated f 2015, Transport Authority Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 56% Pedestrians 11% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 5% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 11% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 17% Drivers and passengers of buses 1% Source: The Icelandic Transport Authority, Road Tra c Accident Report 2016 Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 162 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of R oa d T ra ns po rt an d Hi gh wa ys . Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 6% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 12% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 40% Cyclists 2% Pedestrians 10% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 11% Drivers and passengers of buses 7% Other 13% Source: Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, Road Accidents in India 2016 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Road Transport and Highways Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 210 023 289 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 38 523 053 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 154 297 746 Heavy trucks 4 461 059 Buses 1 970 786 Other 10 770 645 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection Yes a Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 150 785 b (85% M, 15% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 299 091 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 22.6 a Mandatory from October 2018 b Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, Road Accidents in India 2016. Died within 30 days of crash India Population: 1 324 171 392 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 680 Deaths by road user category Source: Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, Road Accidents in India 2016 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 100 km/h c Max rural speed limit 100 km/h c Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h c Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.03 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.03 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes d Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 4% e National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 30% Drivers f, <10% Passengers f National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 14-40% Drivers g, 4-11% Front seats g National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes c Speed limit set per vehicle type with a maximum speed limit of 100 km/h for passengers cars comprising not more than eight seats in addition to the driver’s seat d Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers e 2016, Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, Road Accidents in India 2016 f 2015, The validity of self-reported helmet use among motorcyclists in India, Wadhwaniya et al g 2000-2015, Various journal articles and reports Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 163 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of Tr an sp or ta tio n. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Planning Agency (Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional - BAPPENAS) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 128 398 594 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 31 282 a (76% M, 22% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 31 726 (95% CI 27 277 - 36 176) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 12.2 a IRSMS Korlantas Polri. Died within 30 days of crash Indonesia Population: 261 115 456 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 400 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 2% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 3% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 74% Cyclists 3% Pedestrians 16% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other <1% Source: 2016, Indonesia National Police Source: IRSMS Korlantas Polri 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 71% All riders c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 69% All occupants c National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use No Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Not based on BAC c 2013, Average helmet and safety belt compliance across 42 cities enrolled in Wahana Tata Nugraha annual tra c and transport award Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 164 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth an d Me dic al Ed uc at ion . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Road Safety Commission, Ministry of Road and Urban Development Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 10% annually (2011- 2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016-2017 b 30 377 065 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 17 588 666 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 11 576 219 Heavy trucks 1 079 127 Buses 133 053 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 15 932 c (78% M, 22% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 16 426 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 20.5 a Data available only for 2014 b Based on Iranian calendar from 21 March 2016 to 20 March 2017 c Legal Medicine Organization. Died within 30 days of crash Iran (Islamic Republic of) Population: 80 277 424 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 6 530 a Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 20% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 28% Cyclists <1% Pedestrians 22% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 24% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Drivers and passengers of buses 1% Other 1% Source: 21 March 2016 - 20 March 2017 (Iranian Calendar), Legal Medicine Organization and Tra c Police Source: Legal Medicine Organization and National Statistics Center 0 8 16 24 32 40 2016-20172015-20162014-20152013-20142012-20132011-20122010-20112009-20102008-20092007-2008 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 95 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes d BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes e Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 2% f National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 59% Drivers g, 20% Passengers g National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 93% Front seats g, 15% Rear seats g National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes d Not based on BAC. Alcohol consumption is legally prohibited e Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers f 21 March 2016 - 20 March 2017 (Iranian Calendar), Tra c Police g 21 March 2016 - 20 March 2017 (Iranian Calendar), Tra c Police Field Surveys Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 165 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Supreme Council for Road Safety, Ministry of Interior Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Not funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 5 775 777 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 5 483 711 a Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 159 736 Heavy trucks 97 553 Buses 34 777 Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 4 134 b (78% M, 22% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 7 686 (95% CI 6 548 - 8 824) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 20.7 a Including Kurdistan b Combined sources including hospital and forensic medicine data. Unlimited time period following crash Iraq Population: 37 202 572 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 5 430 Deaths by road user category Source: Ministry of Health 0 5 10 15 20 25 20142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers No Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited d Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes c Not based on BAC d The law prohibits children to sit in the front but does not specify the age, size or weight of children concerned Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 166 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by D ep ar tm en t f or Tr an sp or t, To ur ism an d Sp or t. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency The Road Safety Authority (RSA) Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 25 deaths per million population by 2020 (2012- 2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 2 573 961 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 985 130 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 36 974 Heavy trucks 330 541 Buses 31 236 Other 190 080 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 188 a (74% M, 26% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 194 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 4.1 a Road Safety Authority Collision Database, 2017. Died within 30 days of crash Ireland Population: 4 726 078 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 52 560 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 43% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 20% Cyclists 5% Pedestrians 19% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Other <1% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 12% Source: 2016, Road Safety Authority Collision Database, 2017 Source: Road Safety Authority Collision Database 2017 and CSO website 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 39% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 99% Drivers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 94% Front seats d, 74% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint e Child restraint required Up to 36 kg/150 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2008-2012, Fatal Collisions 2008-2012, Alcohol as a Factor, 2016 c 2016, 2016 Observational Report on High Visibility and Helmet Wearing rates (only motorcycle drivers) d 2016, Mobile Phone and Seatbelt Observational Study 2016 e Provided that airbag is deactivated if child is in a rear-facing child restraint system Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 167 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Israel National Road Safety Authority (RSA) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 3 239 305 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 2 726 835 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 130 442 Heavy trucks 92 817 Buses 20 212 Other 268 999 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes a Electronic stability control Yes a Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 335 b (76% M, 24% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 345 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 4.2 a Required for cars made under US regulations - for European cars, no requirements further than ESC b Central Bureau of Statistic, Jerusalem, Israel. Died within 30 days of crash Israel Population: 8 191 828 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 36 190 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 26% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 20% Cyclists 3% Pedestrians 29% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Drivers and passengers of buses 3% Other 5% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 12% Source: 2016, Central Bureau of Statistics, Jerusalem, Israel and Israeli Police data Source: Central Bureau of Statistics, Jerusalem, Israel 0 2 4 6 8 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.01 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 4% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 98% Drivers d, 98% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 89% Front seats e, 70% Rear seats e National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required Up to 8 yrs f Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 52% g National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes c 2016, Israeli police d 2011, Israel National Road Safety authority e 2016, Israel National Road Safety Authority f For children under 3 years, a child restraint is required (and a rear-facing child restraint for children under one year) while for children aged 3-8 years the legislation refers either to child restraint or booster seat use g Observational survey (Figure for children aged 0-15 years buckled in accordance with the law) Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 168 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Transport, Directorate General Road Safety Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2010-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 52 581 575 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 41 322 370 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 9 354 428 Heavy trucks 885 513 Buses 97 817 Other 921 447 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 3 428 a (80% M, 20% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 333 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 5.6 a Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT) and Automobile Club of Italy (ACI) Survey on road accidents resulting in death or injury. Died within 30 days of crash Italy Population: 59 429 936 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 31 590 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 32% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 11% Cyclists 7% Pedestrians 18% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 26% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 2% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 5% Source: 2015, Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT) and Automobile Club of Italy (ACI) Survey on road accidents resulting in death or injury Source: Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT) and Automobile Club of Italy (ACI) Survey on road accidents resulting in death or injury 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h b Max motorway speed limit 150 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 20-25% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 5 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 98% All riders d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 62% Front seats d, 15% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint e Child restraint required Up to 150 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 38% d National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 110 km/h for main suburban roads, 90 km/h for secondary suburban roads c 2010, DRUID project on prevalence of alcohol and other psychoactive substances in drivers killed and injured (Isalberti et al., 2011) d 2015, Italian National Institute of Health e Provided that airbag is deactivated Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 169 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Council (NRSC) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target < 300 deaths (By 2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 541 316 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 418 945 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 14 090 Heavy trucks 107 815 Buses — a Other 466 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 379 b (84% M, 16% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 391 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 13.6 a Buses are included under heavy trucks b Jamaica Constabulary Force (JCF). Died within 30 days of crash Jamaica Population: 2 881 355 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 4 660 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 14% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 19% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 29% Cyclists 8% Pedestrians 22% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 4% Drivers and passengers of buses 3% Source: 2016, Jamaica Constabulary Force Source: Jamaica Constabulary Force (death data) and Statistical Institute of Jamaica (population data). 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit ~ 48 km/h Max rural speed limit ~ 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 6% Drivers, 2% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 54% Front seats d, 4% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes e Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — e Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers or commission of a tra c oªence d 2008, Jamaica Health and Lifestyle Survey (refers to use always or most times) e The legislation refers to child restraint system for children but does not specify the age/height group covered by this obligation Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 170 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth , L ab ou r a nd W elf ar e. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Central Trac Safety Policy Council Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target <2 500 deaths (within 24hrs) per year (2016-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 81 602 046 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 4 682 a (68% M, 32% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 5 224 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 4.1 a National Police Agency. Died within 30 days of crash Japan Population: 127 748 512 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 38 000 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 24% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 8% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 17%Cyclists 15% Pedestrians 35% Other 1% Source: 2016, National Police Agency Source: National Police Agency 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 60 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.03 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.03 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 6% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 98/95% Front seats d, 72/36% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required Up to 6 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 64% e National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers c 2016, National Police Agency d 2016, Joint study by Japan Automobile Federation (JAF) and National Police Agency. Percentages are for expressways and other roads, respectively e Joint study by Japan Automobile Federation (JAF) and National Police Agency. Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 171 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by Jo rd an Tr a c I ns tit ut e. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency No Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 502 420 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 750 a (79% M, 21% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 2 306 (95% CI 1 926 - 2 686) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 24.4 a Public Security Directorate (Jordan Police), 2016 Tra c Accidents Report. Died within 30 days of crash Jordan Population: 9 455 802 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 920 Deaths by road user category Drivers of all vehicles 38% Pedestrians 29% Passengers of all vehicles 34% Source: Directorate of General Security, Annual Reports of Tra c Accidents in Jordan 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 90 km/h Max rural speed limit 120 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation refers to alcohol testing in the case of reckless driving or in the case of a crash Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 172 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Internal A®airs Ministry of the Republic of Kazakhstan Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target ≤ 12 fatalities per 100 000 population by 2020 (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 4 383 120 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 3 835 609 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 9 692 Heavy trucks 439 167 Buses 98 652 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 2 625 a (74% M, 26% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 158 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 17.6 a Combined sources, including Committee on Statistics of the Ministry of National Economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Died within 30 days of crash Kazakhstan Population: 17 987 736 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 8 710 Deaths by road user category Cyclist 2% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 4% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 2% Drivers of all vehicles 60% Pedestrians 31% Source: 2016, Committee on Statistics of the Ministry of National Economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan Source: Committee on Statistics of the Ministry of National Economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan 0 7 14 21 28 35 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h b Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit 140 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl c BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.05 g/dl c Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol <1% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required — e Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes e Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Can be increased up to 90 km/h c Diªerent ranges are provided to characterize the degree of intoxication with the 0.05 to <0.15g/dl range corresponding to light intoxication d 2016, Committee on Statistics of the Ministry of National Economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan e The legislation requires that children under 12 years be placed in a child restraint or "other means" used in conjunction with a seat belt Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 173 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Transport and Safety Authority, Ministry of Transport, Infrastructure, Housing and Urban Development Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 2 979 910 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 2 965 a (83% M, 17% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 13 463 (95% CI 11 486 - 15 440) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 27.8 a National Transport and Safety Authority, 2016 Road Safety Status Report. Died at scene of crash Kenya Population: 48 461 568 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 380 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 12% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 25% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 24% Cyclists 2% Pedestrians 37% Source: National Transport and Safety Authority, 2016 Road Safety Status Report Source: National Transport and Safety Authority, World Bank, and Kenya National Bureau of Statistics 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 35% Drivers c, 3% Passengers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers or commission of a tra c oªence c 2010, Helmet wearing in Kenya, Bachani et al Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 174 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth an d Me dic al S er vic es . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency No Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target Zero deaths by 2019 (2016 - 2019) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for June 2016 - August 2017 3 706 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 2 547 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 757 Heavy trucks 4 Buses 398 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 5 a (60% M, 40% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 5 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 4.4 a Health & Police. Died within 24 hours of crash Kiribati Population: 114 395 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 380 Deaths by road user category Source: Health & Police 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 40 km/h Max rural speed limit 60 km/h Max motorway speed limit 60 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl b BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl b Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes c Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement — Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No d Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Reduced BAC limits introduced by the Tra c Act 2017, at December 2017, the notice of commencment had not yet been signed c Helmet provisions introduced by the Tra c Act 2017, at December 2017, the notice of commencment had not yet been signed d The Tra c Act 2017 requires children aged 1-16 years to be either seated in the back with a seat belt or restrained by passenger over 16 years Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 40% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 20% Pedestrians 40% Source: 2016, Health & Police Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 175 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency General Directorate of Trac, Ministry of Interior Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads — Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 2 001 940 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 628 834 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 19 193 Heavy trucks 264 567 Buses 54 633 Other 34 713 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 424 b (88% M, 13% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 715 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 17.6 a Data available only for 2015 b Tra c department, Ministry of Interior. Died within 30 days of crash Kuwait Population: 4 052 584 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 41 680 a Deaths by road user category Source: Ministry of Interior 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 45 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 80 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes c Not based on BAC. Alcohol consumption legally prohibited Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 176 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Commission for Road Safety, under leadership of the Prime Minister Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target Decrease mortality by 156 (2007-2016) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 993 000 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 812 a (74% M, 26% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 916 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 15.4 a National Statistical Committee. Died within a year of crash Kyrgyzstan Population: 5 955 734 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 100 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles <1% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 27% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2% Pedestrians 40% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks <1% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 30% Cyclists <1% Source: 2016, National Statistical Committee Source: National Statistical Committee 0 5 10 15 20 25 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No c Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint d Child restraint required — e Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Not based on BAC c The obligation to use seat belt does not apply in residential areas nor for children under 12 years d Children under 12 years travelling in the front of a car must be placed in a child restraint e Legislation only refers to the use of child restraints for children under 12 years travelling in the front Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 177 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of P ub lic W or ks an d T ra ns po rt. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Committee (NRSC) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 850 020 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 370 043 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 422 869 Heavy trucks 52 443 Buses 4 665 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 086 a (86% M, 14% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 120 (95% CI 946 - 1 294) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 16.6 a Department of Tra c Police. Died within 30 days of crash Lao People’s Democratic Republic Population: 6 758 353 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 150 Deaths by road user category Source: Secretariat to National Road Safety Committee (NRSC) 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 40 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit — b Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes c Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required Yes c Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law No d b No motorways in the country c The law states that children unable to wear normal seat belts must be placed in a child restraint seat but no specific age / weight / height is specified d Legislation banning drug driving only applies to bus and truck drivers Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 178 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by Ce nt re fo r D ise as e P re ve nt ion an d Co nt ro l o f t he R ep ub lic of La tv ia. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency No Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Not funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2010-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for on 01.01.2017 803 628 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 665 284 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 49 581 Heavy trucks 84 067 Buses 4 696 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 158 a (78% M, 22% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 184 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 9.3 a Road tra c safety directorate. Died within 30 days of crash Latvia Population: 1 970 530 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 14 630 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 28% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 16% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 12% Cyclists 4% Pedestrians 35% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 3% Other <1% Source: 2016, Road tra c safety directorate Source: Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia 0 5 10 15 20 25 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 11% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 150 cm d Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 85% Front seats e, 53% Rear seats e National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint f Child restraint required Up to 150 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers c 2016, Road tra c safety directorate d Or until the child can hold the balance and reach feet support or is sitting on a seat corresponding to its age and weight e 2016, Health behaviour among Latvian adult population, 2016 f Except if no seat belt is fitted in the vehicle, in which case children under 150cm shall be travelling in the rear Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 179 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by N at ion al R oa d Sa fe ty Co un cil . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Council Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads — Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 866 407 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 696 444 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 124 348 Heavy trucks 19 037 Buses 15 703 Other 10 875 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 576 a (78% M, 22% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 090 (95% CI 837 - 1 396) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 18.1 a General Directorate of the Internal Security Forces. Unlimited time period following crash Lebanon Population: 6 006 668 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 7 680 Deaths by road user category Drivers of all vehicles 28% Passengers of all vehicles 15% Pedestrians 37% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 21% Source: General Directorate of the Internal Security Forces (death data) and World Bank (population data) 0 3 6 9 12 15 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 70 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 10 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required Up to 5 yrs b Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation refers to regulations to further specify the child restraint rules Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 180 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Department of Road Safety Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles — Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number None Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 318 a (63% M, 37% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 638 (95% CI 544 - 733) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 28.9 a Police records. Unlimited time period following crash Lesotho Population: 2 203 821 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 210 Deaths by road user category Source: Police records 0 5 10 15 20 25 2017201620142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 60% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 75% Drivers b, 3% Passengers b National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, Police records Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 181 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth an d So cia l W elf ar e. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency No Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2012 1 085 075 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 073 438 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 3 780 Heavy trucks 396 Buses 7 461 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers — National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 175 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 657 (95% CI 1 299 - 2 015) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 35.9 a Liberia National Police. Died at scene of crash Liberia Population: 4 613 823 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 370 Deaths by road user category SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit ~40 km/h Max rural speed limit ~56 km/h Max motorway speed limit ~72 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.15 g/dl b BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.15 g/dl b Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 13 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants — Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes b Over this limit there is a presumption of alcohol impairement (from 0.05 to 0.15 no presumption established but the alcohol concentration can be used to decide on the guilt or innocence of the driver) Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 DATA NOT AVA I LABLE 182 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Department of Trac and Licenses, Ministry of Interior Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Not funded Fatality reduction target 3-5 % (2008 -2010, renewable every 3 years) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 3 553 497 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 2 821 285 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 828 Heavy trucks 624 243 Buses 8 248 Other 97 893 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 2 414 b (86% M, 14% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 645 (95% CI 1 234 - 2 171) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 26.1 a Data available only for 2011 b Department of Tra c and Licenses, Statistical report for road tra c crashes 2016 Libya Population: 6 293 253 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 4 730 a Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 39% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 36% Cyclists 2% Pedestrians 21% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2% Source: 2016, Department of Tra c and Licenses, Statistical report for road tra c crashes 2016 Source: Department of Tra c and Licenses, Statistical report for road tra c crashes 2016 0 15 30 45 60 75 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 85 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 1% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers No Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use No Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes c Not based on BAC. Alcohol consumption legally prohibited d 2016, Department of Tra c and Licenses, Statistical report for road tra c crashes 2016 Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 183 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by Ce nt re fo r H ea lth Ed uc at ion an d Di se as es P re ve nt ion . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency State Trac Safety Commission, Ministry of Transport and Communications Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 35%, from 92 to 60 deaths per 1 million population (2011–2017) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 1 391 568 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 295 018 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 37 753 Heavy trucks 51 941 Buses 6 856 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 192 a (74% M, 26% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 234 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 8 a Police Department, Ministry of Interior. Died within 30 days of crash Lithuania Population: 2 908 249 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 14 770 Deaths by road user category Passengers of all vehicles 16% Cyclists 9% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 6% Pedestrians 38% Drivers of all vehicles 31% Other 1% Source: 2016, Lithuania Tra c Police Service report Source: Police records and Statistics Lithuania 0 5 10 15 20 25 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h b Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.04 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 10% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 97% Front seats d, 30% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint e Child restraint required Up to 135 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Can be increased or decreased to an unspecified speed under certain circumstances c 2016, Lithuanian Tra c Police Service, Ministry of Interior d 2016, Road and Transport Research Institute e If transported in rear-facing restraints, airbag must be deactivated Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 184 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in sit ry of H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Sustainable Development and Infrastructure, Department of Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 01.01.2017 466 472 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 422 073 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 29 253 Heavy trucks 13 242 Buses 1 904 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 32 a (66% M, 34% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 36 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 6.3 a National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies (STATEC), Police Grand-Ducale. Died within 30 days of crash Luxembourg Population: 575 747 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 76 660 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 41% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 22% Cyclists 3% Pedestrians 25% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 9% Source: 2016, National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies (STATEC), Police Grand-Ducale Source: National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies (STATEC), Police Grand-Ducale 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 14% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs c Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 90% Front seats d, 76% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint e Child restraint required Up to 17 yrs/150 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies (STATEC), Police Grand-Ducale c And until the child is tall enough to adequately use the foot pegs d 2015, TNS ILRES/MDDI e Provided that airbag is deactivated if child is in a rear-facing child restraint system Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 185 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of P ub lic H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Intersectoral Committee for Road Safety (CISR), Ministry of Transport and Meteorology Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 5% (2015-2017) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 236 979 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 136 508 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 42 835 Heavy trucks 24 912 Buses 32 724 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number None Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 340 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 7 108 (95% CI 5 895 - 8 321) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 28.6 a National Gendarmerie. Died within 24 hours of crash Madagascar Population: 24 894 552 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 400 Deaths by road user category Pedestrians 47% All occupants 53% Source: 2016, Insurance Companies Committee (CEAM) Source: National Gendarmerie 0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 20112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h b Max rural speed limit No Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 5 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Can be modified up to 80 km/h Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 186 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Directorate of Road Trac and Safety Services, Ministry of Transport and Public Works Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 20% (2015-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles — Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 122 a (82% M, 18% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 5 601 (95% CI 4 590 - 6 612) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 31 a Road Safety Database. Died within 30 days of crash Malawi Population: 18 091 576 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 320 Deaths by road user category Drivers of all vehicles 6% Other <1% Passengers of all vehicles 25% Pedestrians 50% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 3% Cyclists 16% Source: 2016, Annual Tra c Accidents Report Source: Road Safety Database 0 2 4 6 8 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 26% Drivers b, 21% Front seats b National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, 2016 Seat-belt wearing and mobile phone use baseline survey Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 187 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Road Safety Department, Ministry of Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2014-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 27 613 120 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 13 123 638 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 12 677 041 Heavy trucks 1 191 310 Buses 59 977 Other 561 154 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 7 152 a (87% M, 13% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 7 374 (95% CI 6 482 - 8 266) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 23.6 a Tra c Investigations and Enforcement Department, The Royal Malaysia Police (RMP). Died within 30 days of crash Malaysia Population: 31 187 264 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 9 850 Deaths by road user category Source: The Royal Malaysia Police 0 6 12 18 24 30 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yesb Max urban speed limit 90 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol <1% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 91% Drivers e, 87% Passengers e National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 74% Front seats f, 10% Rear seats f National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law No b Speed limit set per vehicle and road type with a maximum speed limit for passenger cars of 110 km/h on highways and 90 km/h on other roads c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers or commission of a tra c oªence d 2016, The Royal Malaysia Police e 2016, Malaysian Institute of Road Safety Research (MIROS) f 2015, Malaysian Institute of Road Safety Research (MIROS) Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 188 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in sit ry of H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Transport Authority, Ministry of Economic Development Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Not funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 92 983 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 14 314 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 75 053 Heavy trucks 3 438 Buses 178 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 4 a (50% M, 50% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 4 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 0.9 a Maldives Police Service. Unlimited time period following crash Maldives Population: 427 756 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 7 430 Deaths by road user category Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 75% Pedestrians 25% Source: 2016, Maldives Police Service Source: Maldives Police Service 0 1 2 3 4 5 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 30 km/h b Max rural speed limit 30 km/h b Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law No c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement — % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers No d Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No d Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law No b Speed limit set per vehicle type with a maximum speed limit of 30 km/h for specified vehicles, except in designated areas with higher speeds c Alcohol consumption legally prohibited d Only required on roads where vehicles may be driven at a speed higher than the normal limit Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 189 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of Tr an sp or t. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Agency for Road Safety (ANASER), Ministry of Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 344 345 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 197 660 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 54 952 Heavy trucks 22 073 Buses — Other 69 660 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 541 a (88% M, 12% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 4 159 (95% CI 3 404 - 4 914) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 23.1 a National Agency for Road Safety (ANASER). Died within 30 days of crash Mali Population: 17 994 836 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 750 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 16% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 12% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 42% Cyclists 2% Pedestrians 11% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 4% Drivers and passengers of buses 10% Other 3% Source: 2016, National Agency for Road Safety (ANASER) Source: National Agency for Road Safety (ANASER), DNT, Police, and Gendarmerie 0 2 4 6 8 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.03 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.03 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol <1% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted c Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 6% Drivers d, <1% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes e Applies to front and rear seat occupants No e Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 20% Drivers d National child restraint law No f Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, National Agency for Road Safety (ANASER) c Children under 5 years traveling on motorcycles must be placed in a seat with tether belts d 2015, Spirit Survey Report e Seat belts are only required outside cities f Children under 13 years can be restrained either by a child restraint system or a seat belt Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 190 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M iin ist ry fo r H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Transport Malta Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2014-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 358 947 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 22 a (77% M, 23% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 26 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 6.1 a Vital registration data (mortality registry). Died within a year of crash Malta Population: 429 362 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 24 140 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 9% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 9% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 41% Cyclists 5% Pedestrians 27% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 9% Source: 2016, Malta National Mortality Register, Directorate for Health Information and Research Source: National Statistics O ce 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required Up to 3 yrs c Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers c Legislation refers to child restraint use for children up to 12 yrs / 150cm but allows children aged 3 years and over, in the absence of an available restraint, to travel in the rear without a restraint. For children under 3 years, a child restraint shall be mandatorily used Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 191 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Directorate of Road Safety, General Directorate of Land Transport (DGTT) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 25% (2012-2016) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles — Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number — Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 184 a (60% M, 40% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 064 (95% CI 891 - 1 236) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 24.7 a Directorate of Road Safety (DGTT). Died within 30 days of crash Mauritania Population: 4 301 018 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 120 Deaths by road user category SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 80 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No c Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes b Not based on BAC c The use of seat belt for rear seat passengers is only required outside urban areas Source: Directorate of Road Safety (DGTT) 0 50 100 150 200 250 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 192 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of P ub lic In fra st ru ct ur e. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Trac Management and Road Safety Unit, Ministry of Public Infrastructure and Land Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2016-2025) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 507 676 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 282 855 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 199 399 Heavy trucks 14 645 Buses 3 107 Other 7 670 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 144 a (94% M, 6% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 173 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 13.7 a Statistics Mauritius, Economic and Social Indicators on Road Transport and Road Tra c Accident Statistics, March 2017. Died within 30 days of crash Mauritius Population: 1 262 132 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 9 760 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 9% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 8% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 46% Cyclists 7% Pedestrians 31% Source: 2016, Statistics Mauritius, Economic and Social Indicators on Road Transport and Road Tra c Accident Statistics, March 2017 Source: Statistics Mauritius, Economic and Social Indicators on Road Transport and Road Tra c Accident Statistics, March 2017 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 90 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 24% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes d Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 97% Front seats e, <1% Rear seats e National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers c 2016, Forensic Scientific Laboratory d Reference is made to regulations to specify the types, shape and construction of helmets e 2011, Tra c Management and Road Safety Unit Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 193 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by S ec re ta ria t o f H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Council for Accident Prevention through its Secretariat (STCONAPRA) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 40 205 671 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 27 171 560 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2 608 659 Heavy trucks 10 067 394 Buses 358 058 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 16 039 a (79% M, 21% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 16 725 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 13.1 a Mortality Statistics, National Institute of Statistics, Geography and Informatics (INEGI). Unlimited time period following crash Mexico Population: 127 540 424 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 9 040 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 18% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 10% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks <1% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 41% Cyclists 1% Pedestrians 29% Source: 2015, Mortality Statistics, National Institute of Statistics, Geography and Informatics (INEGI) Source: 2015, Mortality Statistics, National Institute of Statistics, Geography and Informatics (INEGI) and National Council of Population (latter for population data) 0 4 8 12 16 20 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS * National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 20 -70 km/h Max rural speed limit 20-90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 45-110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 20% c National motorcycle helmet law No Applies to drivers and passengers No Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 83% Drivers d, 55% Passengers d National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate 49% Front seats d, 6% Rear seats d National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints 14% e National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use No Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes * These data take into consideration subnational laws. A criteria is answered "Yes" if at least 80% of the subnational entities meet the criteria b Not based on BAC in 19 out of 32 states c 2010-2013, Estimating the Drink-Driving attributable fraction of road tra c deaths in Mexico (Santoyo- Castillo et al, manuscript under peer-review) d 2016, Use of helmet, cell phone and speeding when driving: prevalence and associated factors in four Mexican cities (Hidalgo-Solórzano & Gómez-García) e 2014, Estimated use of child restraint in 2 Mexican States, STCONAPRA Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 194 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by D ep ar tm en t o f H ea lth an d So cia l A ªa irs . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency No Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES a Total registered vehicles for 2016 5 673 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 5 436 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 25 Heavy trucks 55 Buses 62 Other 95 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) a 2 b (100% M, 0% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 2 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 1.9 a Data for Pohnpei only b Pohnpei State Department of Public Safety and FSM Department of Health & Social Aªairs. Died within 24 hours of crash Micronesia (Federated States of) Population: 104 937 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 680 Deaths by road user category Source: Department of Health and Social Aªairs (HIS) - 3rd Global Status Report for Road Safety 0 1 2 3 4 5 2013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS c National speed limit law Yes d Max urban speed limit ~ 40 km/h Max rural speed limit ~ 40 km/h Max motorway speed limit ~ 40 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes e BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 100% f National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants — Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes c Legislation analysis takes into consideration subnational laws from Kosrae, Pohnpei and Yap (no data was available for Chuuk). A criteria is answered Yes if at least 75% of the subnational entities meet this criteria d Speed limits may be increased by the Governor (Kosrae and Yap) or by the Director of the Department of Public Safety (Pohnpei) e In Yap, a BAC limit is provided in the law. In Kosrae and Pohnpei, the law is not based on a BAC limit. No data is available for Chuuk. f 2016, Pohnpei State Department of Public Safety Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 50% Pedestrians 50% Source: 2016, Pohnpei Department of Public Safety Trends in reported road tra c deaths Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 195 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Road and Transport Development, The National Committee Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2012-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 841 537 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 547 299 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 42 751 Heavy trucks 175 648 Buses 6 823 Other 69 016 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 484 a (75% M, 25% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 499 (95% CI 471 - 527) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 16.5 a Health icators 2016, Center for Health Development. Died within 30 days of crash Mongolia Population: 3 027 398 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 550 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 17% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 22% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 19% Cyclists 1% Pedestrians 29% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Drivers and passengers of buses 1% Other 9% Source: 2016, General Police Department, "Statistics on road tra c injury and violation" Source: Center for Health Development, Health Indicators 2016 0 5 10 15 20 25 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.04 g/dl b BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.04 g/dl b Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 25% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted e Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Law based on breath alcohol concentration, values converted to BAC c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers or commission of a tra c oªence d 2016, General Police Department, "Statistics on road tra c injury and violation" e Children under 12 years can be transported on a motorcycle provided that there is a special support installed in the rear seat Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 196 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Coordination Body for monitoring the implementation of Strategy for the improvement of Road Safety Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2010-2019) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 211 219 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 184 623 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 4 362 Heavy trucks 13 445 Buses 1 308 Other 7 481 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 65 a (80% M, 20% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 67 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 10.7 a Statistical o ce of Montenegro (MONSTAT). Died within 30 days of crash Montenegro Population: 628 615 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 6 970 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 42% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 23% Cyclists 2% Pedestrians 14% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 15% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 3% Other 2% Source: 2016, Police Directorate Source: Statistical o ce of Montenegro (MONSTAT) 0 5 10 15 20 25 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.03 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes b Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 70% Drivers c, 30% Passengers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 40% Front seats c, 5% Rear seats c National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs d Child restraint required Up to 5 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes b As prescribed by the responsible state administration c 2016, Police Directorate d By exception, a child under 3 years can be transported in the front of the vehicle if placed in a rear-facing restraint provided that the airbag is deactivated Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 197 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of Eq uip m en t, Tra ns po rt an d Lo gis tic s. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Directorate of Road Transport and Road Safety, Ministry of Equipment, Transport, Logistics and Water Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 20% / 50% (2017-2020 / 2017- 2026) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 3 791 469 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 3 413 980 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 55 517 Heavy trucks 196 066 Buses 13 329 Other 112 557 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 3 785 a (83% M, 16% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 6 917 (95% CI 6 109 - 7 726) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 19.6 a Directorate of Roads. Died within 30 days of crash Morocco Population: 35 276 784 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 850 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 13% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 18% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 29%Cyclists 6% Pedestrians 26% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 2% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 5% Source: 2016, Directorate of Roads Source: Directorate of Roads (death data) and High-Commission for Planning (population data) 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population < 0.02 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 4% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 64% Drivers d, 31% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No e Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 63% Front seats d, 22% Rear seats d National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Alcohol consumption legally prohibited. c 2014, Directorate of Roads d 2016, National Committee for Road Accidents Prevention, Study on the measurement of behavioural indicators of road users e For rear seat passengers, seat belt required only outside cities Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 198 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of Tr an sp or t a nd Co m m un ica tio ns . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Land Transport Institute (INATTER), Ministry of Transport and Communications Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 698 864 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 379 a (76% M, 24% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 8 665 (95% CI 7 081 - 10 250) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 30.1 a Tra c police department. Died within 30 days of crash Mozambique Population: 28 829 476 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 480 Deaths by road user category Source: National Land Transport Institute (INATTER) 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 120 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.06 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.06 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 7 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs b Child restraint required Up to 12 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Except for infant under 3 years in a rear-facing child restraint with airbag deactivated Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 199 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Council (NRSC), Ministry of Transport and Communications Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Not funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for Till April 30,2017 6 381 136 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 516 707 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 5 391 505 Heavy trucks 59 680 Buses 28 383 Other 384 861 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 4 887 b (82% M, 18% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 10 540 (95% CI 8 860 - 12 219) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 19.9 a Data available only for 2015 b Tra c Police. Died within 30 days of crash Myanmar Population: 52 885 224 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 190 a Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 3% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 7% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 65% Cyclists 3% Pedestrians 14% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 3% Drivers and passengers of buses 1% Other 3% Source: 2016, National Injury Surveillance System (NISS) Source: Health Ministry Information System (HMIS) 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 48 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 21% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited e Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 32% Drivers d, 27% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 7% Drivers d National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes c Not based on BAC d 2016, National Injury Surveillance System (NISS) e Until footrests can be reached Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 200 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by N at ion al R oa d Sa fe ty Co un cil . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Council (NRSC), Ministry of Works and Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 6 March 2017 371 281 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 315 443 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 5 431 Heavy trucks 21 439 Buses 9 247 Other 19 721 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 731 a (72% M, 27% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 754 (95% CI 633 - 875) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 30.4 a Combined sources, including MVA Fund crash and claim data. Died within 30 days of crash Namibia Population: 2 479 713 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 4 620 Deaths by road user category Source: MVA Fund crash and claim data (fatalities) and National Census Report (population and projections) 0 7 14 21 28 35 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 120 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.079 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.079 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 4% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No c Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2011-2013, NRSC Alcohol Study Report 2016 c The law requires the use of child restraints for children (defined as people aged between 3-14 years) if available or the use of a seat belt if a child restraint is not available and an unoccupied seat fitted with a seat-belt is available Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 201 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Physical Infrastructure and Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2014/2015 2 339 169 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 187 014 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 547 312 Heavy trucks 56 250 Buses 52 388 Other 496 205 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 2 006 a (80% M, 20% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 4 622 (95% CI 3 928 - 5 317) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 15.9 a Nepal Police. Died within 30 days of crash Nepal Population: 28 982 772 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 730 Deaths by road user category Source: Nepal Police 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 2015-20162014-20152013-20142012-20132011-20122010-20112009-20102008-20092007-20082006-2007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 40 km/h b Max rural speed limit 80 km/h b Max motorway speed limit 80 km/h b Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes b Speed limit set per vehicle type with a maximum speed limit of 80 km/h for specified vehicles including cars, and a maximum limit of 40 km/h in an area with dense settlement c Not based on BAC Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 202 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of In fra st ru ct ur e a nd th e E nv iro nm en t. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment, Directorate-general for Mobility and Transport (DGB) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target ≤140 fatalities (2010-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 10 757 655 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 8 794 037 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 652 336 Heavy trucks 133 889 Buses 9 597 Other 1 167 796 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 621 a (74% M, 26% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 648 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 3.8 a Dutch Statistics, Vital Statistics. Died within 30 days of crash Netherlands Population: 16 987 330 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 46 310 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 30% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 8% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 21% Cyclists 30% Pedestrians 9% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 1% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other <1% Source: 2015, Dutch Statistics Source: Dutch Statistics 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 11-24% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 100% Drivers c, 84% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 97% Front seats e, 82% Rear seats e National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint f Child restraint required Up to 18 yrs/135 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2013-2015, SWOV factsheet DUI c 2012, PROV final report d 2008, BVOM, ‘Monitoring Bromfietshelmen 2008’ e 2010, BIA report f Provided that the airbag is deactivated if child is in a rear-facing child restraint Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 203 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of Tr an sp or t. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Land Transport Safety Team, Ministry of Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target Multiple (2010-2020) a SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 3 656 300 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes b Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 327 c (69% M, 30% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 364 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 7.8 a Targets vary for specific groups. See New Zealand Road Safety Strategy 2010 - 2020 b For new models as from 2018 c 2016, Motor Vehicle Crashes in New Zealand. Died within 30 days of crash New Zealand Population: 4 660 833 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 39 070 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 46% Cyclists 2% Pedestrians 8% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 16% Drivers and passengers of buses 1% Other 2% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 3% Passengers of 4-wheeled car and light vehicles 22% Source: 2016, Motor Vehicle Crashes in New Zealand Source: Motor Vehicle Crashes in New Zealand 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 27% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 97% Front seats e, 92% Rear seats f National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required Up to 7 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 93% g and 95% h National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes d 2016, Motor Vehicle Crashes in New Zealand (Percentages are for 0-4 years and 5-9 years, respectively) e 2016, National Survey of Seatbelts in New Zealand f 2014, National Survey of Seatbelts in New Zealand. g 2016, Ministry of Transport, Child restraint use by children under 5 years h 2016, Ministry of Transport, Child restraint use by children aged 5-9 years Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 204 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of Tr an sp or t. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Directorate of Trac and Road Safety (DC/SR), Ministry of Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 436 420 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 231 740 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks 11 389 Buses 10 676 Other 182 615 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 978 a (39% M, 61% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 5 414 (95% CI 4 273 - 6 554) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 26.2 a Ministry of Transport, 2012-2016 Statistics Yearbook. Died at scene of crash Niger Population: 20 672 988 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 370 Deaths by road user category Source: Directorate of Tra c and Road Safety (DC/SR) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit No Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants — Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes b Not based on BAC Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 205 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by Fe de ra l R oa d Sa fe ty Co rp s ( FR SC ). INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Federal Road Safety Corps Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 25% Annually (2014- 2018) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 11 733 425 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 6 732 639 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 302 410 Heavy trucks a 1 325 877 Buses 2 372 499 Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 5 053 b (79% M, 21% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 39 802 (95% CI 32 076 - 47 529) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 21.4 a All trucks included b Federal Road Safety Corps. Died within 30 days of crash Nigeria Population: 185 989 632 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 450 Deaths by road user category Source: Federal Road Safety Corps 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 c BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.002 d Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol <1% e National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 7 yrs Child restraint required Up to 7 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes c The legislation, as amended in 2016, refers to an alcohol legal limit of "0.05" for the general population but does not specify the unit to consider d The legislation, as amended in 2016, refers to an alcohol legal limit of "0.002" for young or novice drivers but does not specify the unit to consider e 2016, Federal Road Safety Corps Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 206 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by N or we gia n Pu bl ic Ro ad A dm in ist ra tio n. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency The Norwegian Public Road Administration Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target Deaths and serious injuries ≤500 (2014-2023) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 3 969 612 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 3 147 101 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 305 265 Heavy trucks 74 622 Buses 16 258 Other 426 366 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 135 a (82% M, 18% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 143 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 2.7 a Statistics Norway. Died within 30 days of crash Norway Population: 5 254 694 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 82 330 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 39% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 11% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 17% Cyclists 9% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 4% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 8% Pedestrians 12% Source: 2016, Norwegian Public Roads database (STRAKS) Source: Statistics Norway 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.02 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 13% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 99% Drivers c, 99% Passengers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 96-98% Drivers d, 95-96% Front seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint e Child restraint required 135-150 cm f Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2015, Road safety, environmental and technology department, 2015 state of road safety report c 2010, Statistics Norway d 2016, The Norwegian Public Road Administration (Percentages reflect "urban" and "outside urban" areas, respectively) e Provided that the airbag is deactivated if child is in a rear-facing child restraint f Child restraints are required for children under 150 cm. By exception, children of height 135-150 cm can be restrained with a seat belt only if sitting in the rear Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 207 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Committee for Road Safety Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 25% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 370 913 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 162 446 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 7 337 Heavy trucks 159 778 Buses 41 352 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 692 b (86% M, 14% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 713 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 16.1 a Data available only for 2015 b Royal Oman Police. Died within 30 days of crash Oman Population: 4 424 762 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 18 080 a Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 36% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 29% Cyclists <1% Pedestrians 23% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 3% Drivers and passengers of buses 5% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 4% Source: 2016, Royal Oman Police Source: Royal Oman Police and The National Centre for Information and Statistics 0 8 16 24 32 40 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit — Max rural speed limit — Max motorway speed limit — Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol <1% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 98% Drivers e, 92% Passengers e National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 98% Drivers e National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required Up to 4 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes c Not based on BAC d 2016, Royal Oman Police, Facts and figures e 2016, Royal Oman Police Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 208 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of N at ion al H ea lth S er vic es , R eg ul at ion s a nd Co or din at ion . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Communication Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 18 352 500 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 2 835 400 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 13 538 200 Heavy trucks 259 900 Buses 229 200 Other 1 489 800 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 4 448 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 27 582 (95% CI 23 243 - 31 920) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 14.3 a Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (Police records of provinces). Died at scene of crash Pakistan Population: 193 203 472 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 510 Deaths by road user category Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (police records of provinces) 0 1 2 3 4 2015-20162014-20152013-20142012-20132011-20122010-20112009-20102008-20092007-20082006-2007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 90 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 10% All riders c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Not based on BAC. Alcohol consumption legally prohibited c 2013, Road Tra c Injury Research & Prevention Centre, Karachi Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 209 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Trac and Ground Transport Authority (ATTT) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 15% of mortality rate per 100 000 population (2011- 2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 288 573 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 968 516 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 62 948 Heavy trucks 107 713 Buses 44 193 Other 105 203 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 440 a (85% M, 15% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 575 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 14.3 a Tra c Operations Directorate, National Police. Died within 30 days of crash Panama Population: 4 034 119 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 12 140 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 17% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 15% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 4%Pedestrians 40% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 4% Drivers and passengers of buses 2% Other 11% Cyclists 6% Source: 2015, Comptroller General of the Republic of Panama Source: Tra c Operations Directorate, National Police 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 80 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No b Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 5 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes b Children under 2 years shall be placed in a child restraint only where there is no other passenger seated in the rear Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 210 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by R oa d T ra c A ut ho rit y. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Road Trac Authority (RTA), Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 100 993 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 66 017 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 289 Heavy trucks 22 072 Buses 11 615 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 158 b (79% M, 21% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 145 (95% CI 991 - 1 298) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 14.2 a Data available only for 2014 b Tra c Police. Died within 30 days of crash Papua New Guinea Population: 8 084 991 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 160 a Deaths by road user category Source: National Road Safety Council 0 1 2 3 4 5 20132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 75 km/h Max motorway speed limit — Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement — Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement — % road trac deaths involving alcohol 56% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement — Helmet wearing rate 7.9% All riders National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted e Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes c Law not based on BAC d 2013, Royal Papua New Guinea Constabulary Police records e Children can sit in the front as long as they are using a seat belt Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 5% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 47% Pedestrians 47% Source: 2016, Tra c Police Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 211 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by N at ion al Tr an sit an d Ro ad S af et y A ge nc y. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Transit and Road Safety Agency Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 20% (2013-2018) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 871 947 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 567 388 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 624 202 Heavy trucks 75 247 Buses 18 456 Other 586 654 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 202 a (83% M, 17% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 529 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 22.7 a General Directorate of Strategic Health Information (DIGIES). Died within 30 days of crash Paraguay Population: 6 725 308 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 4 070 Deaths by road user category Drivers and passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 16% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 52% Cyclists <1% Pedestrians 23% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 1% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 8% Source: 2016, General Directorate of Strategic Health Information (DIGIES) Source: General Directorate of Strategic Health Information (DIGIES) 0 5 10 15 20 25 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population 0.00 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required Up to 5 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 212 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Council Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target From 10 to 6 deaths per 100 000 population (2016-2021) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads — Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 5 604 789 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 2 262 416 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2 943 070 Heavy trucks 319 184 Buses 80 119 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 2 696 a (77% M, 23% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 4 286 (95% CI 3 898 - 4 674) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 13.5 a Peruvian National Police. Died at scene of crash Peru Population: 31 773 840 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 5 950 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 2% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles <1% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers <1% Other 88% Cyclists <1% Pedestrians 8% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks <1% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Source: 2013, Ministry of Health, Vital System Source: Peruvian National Police 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 60 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 9% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 70% Drivers c, 8% Passengers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 16% Front seats d, <1% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs Child restraint required Up to 3 yrs e Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints <1 d National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, Peruvian National Police c 2014, Technical Secretariat of Road Safety d 2014, Observational urban study on the use of seat belt and child restraint system e Legislation requires the use of the seat belt for children from 3-12 years old Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 213 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by D ep ar tm en t o f H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Department of Transportation (DOTr) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 9 251 565 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 3 434 329 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 5 329 770 Heavy trucks 407 357 Buses 29 794 Other 50 315 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 10 012 a (81% M, 19% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 12 690 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 12.3 a Philippine Statistical Authority, Civil Registration and Vital Statistics. Unlimited time period following crash Philippines Population: 103 320 224 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 580 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles <1% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles <1% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 5% Other 94% Cyclists <1% Pedestrians 1% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks <1% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Source: 2015, Philippine Statistical Authority, Civil Registration and Vital Statistics Source: Philippine Statistical Authority, Civil Registration and Vital Statistics 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 40 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted c Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 87% Drivers d, 51% All riders d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 80% Drivers e National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 6 yrs d Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers c Child passengers on motorcycles are restricted in specific circumstances only (heavy volume of vehicles, high density of fast moving vehicles, speed limit over 60 km/h) d 2010, “Prevalence of Road Tra c Injury Risk Factors in the Province of Guimaras” e Ban on front seating set for children aged 6 years and below b Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 214 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Council Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2013-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 27 409 106 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 20 723 423 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2 531 520 Heavy trucks 3 098 376 Buses 109 844 Other 945 943 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 3 026 a (75% M, 25% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 698 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 9.7 a SEWiK Police Database (Tra c accidents and collisions reporting system). Died within 30 days of crash Poland Population: 38 224 408 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 12 680 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 29% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 18% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 11% Cyclists 9% Pedestrians 29% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 3% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 1% Source: 2016, SEWiK Police Database (Tra c accidents and collisions reporting system) Source: SEWiK Police Database (Tra c accidents and collisions reporting system) 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h b Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 140 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.02 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 13% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted d Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 99% Drivers e, 100% Passengers e National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 96% Front seats f, 76% Rear seats f National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint g Child restraint required 135-150 cm h Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 93% i National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 60 km/h from 23:00 - 05:00 c 2016, SEWiK Police Database (Tra c accidents and collisions reporting system) d Speed limit for motorcycles transporting a child under 7 years is limited to 40 km/h e 2015, Ministry of Infrastructure and Development, Using of motorcycle helmet in Poland 2015 f 2015, Ministry of Infrastructure and Development, Using of seat belts in Poland 2015 g Provided that airbag is deactivated if child is in a rear-facing restraint h Child restraints are required for children under 150 cm. By exception, children of height 135-150 cm can be restrained with a seat belt only if sitting in the rear i 2015, Ministry of Infrastructure and Development, Using of child restraints device in Poland 2015a Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 215 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Authority for Road Safety, Ministry of Internal Administration Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 41 deaths per million people (2016-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 6 590 094 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 5 970 710 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 506 400 Heavy trucks 98 267 Buses 14 717 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 563 a (77% M, 23% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 768 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 7.4 a National Authority for Road Safety. Died within 30 days of crash Portugal Population: 10 371 627 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 19 850 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 33% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 15% Cyclists 6% Pedestrians 22% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 1% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 18% Other 5% Source: 2016, National Authority for Road Safety, Ministry of Internal Administration Source: National Authority for Road Safety, Ministry of Internal Administration and National Institute of Statistics 0 2 4 6 8 10 201520142013201220112010 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 29% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 7 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 98% Drivers c, 97% Passengers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 96% Front seats c, 77% Rear seats c National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs/135 cm d Child restraint required Up to 12 yrs/135 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 91-100% c National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2015, National Authority for Road Safety and National Institute of Forensic Medicine and Forensic Sciences (INMLCF) c 2012, Portuguese Road Safety (PRP) d Except for children under 3 years in rear-facing child restraint with airbag deactivated Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 216 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by S up re m e C ou nc il of H ea lth . Qatar Population: 2 569 804 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 75 660 a INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Trac Safety Committee (NTSC) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 130 deaths by 2022 (2013-2022) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 330 487 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 16 479 Heavy trucks — Buses — Other 1 314 008 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 178 b (95% M, 5% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 239 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 9.3 a Data available only for 2015 b Ministry of Interior, General Tra c Directorate . Died within 30 days of crash Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 28% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 21% Cyclists 3% Pedestrians 32% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Drivers and passengers of buses 12% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2% Source: 2016, Ministry of Interior, General Tra c Directorate Source: Ministry of Interior, General Tra c Directorate 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 100 km/h Max rural speed limit 120 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 2% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints 72% e National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes c Not based on BAC. Alcohol consumption legally prohibited d 2016, Ministry of Interior, General Tra c Directorate (data from 2016) e 2015, Roadside observational study Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 217 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of La nd , In fra st ru ct ur e a nd Tr an sp or t. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target < 2700 deaths by 2021 (2017-2021) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 25 680 967 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 17 338 160 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2 180 688 Heavy trucks 3 492 173 Buses 892 539 Other 1 777 407 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 4 292 a (71% M, 29% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 4 990 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 9.8 a Korean National Police Agency. Died within 30 days of crash Republic of Korea Population: 50 791 920 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 27 600 Source: Korean National Police Agency 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 80 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 11% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 86% Drivers d, 40% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 83% Front seats e, 30% Rear seats e National child restraint law No f Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint g Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints 40-42% h National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers c 2016, Korean National Police Agency d 2016, Korea Tra c Culture Index, KOTSA (Korea Transportation Safety Authority) e 2016, Korea Tra c Culture Index f Only required for small children (defined as children under 6 years) sitting in the front g Safety seats required for small children (defined as children under 6 years) sitting in the front h 2016, National Survey Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 20% Pedestrians 40% Other 34% Cyclists 6% Source: 2016, Korean National Police Agency De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n Deaths by road user category Trends in reported road tra c deaths 218 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency The National Committee on Road safety Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 894 253 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 547 712 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 37 987 Heavy trucks 177 781 Buses 20 971 Other 109 802 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 346 a (76% M, 24% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 394 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 9.7 a National Center for Health Management. Died within 30 days of crash Republic of Moldova Population: 4 059 608 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 120 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 17% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles <1% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 4% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks <1% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 58% Cyclists 1% Pedestrians 18% Source: 2016, National Center for Health Management Source: National Center for Health Management 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.03 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.03 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 9% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 62% Front seats c, 18% Rear seats c National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs Child restraint required — d Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 50% c National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, Ministry of Internal Aªairs statistics c 2012, Joint report on the statistical data and the public's attitude to road safety in Chisinau and Tiraspol d The legislation refers to the use of child restraint systems or other means to transport children under 12 years Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 219 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of In te rn al A ªa irs . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Interministerial Council for Road Safety Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 7 014 661 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 5 472 423 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 119 534 Heavy trucks 912 790 Buses 48 803 Other 461 111 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 913 a (73% M, 27% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 2 044 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 10.3 a National database (EAC). Died within 30 days of crash Romania Population: 19 778 084 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 9 470 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 26% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 20% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 4% Cyclists 9% Pedestrians 37% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 3% Source: 2016, National database (EAC) Source: National database (EAC) and National Institute of Statistics (INS) 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 6% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 14 yrs c Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint d Child restraint required Up to 135 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, National database (EAC) c Children under 14 years allowed to be transported in the motorcycle sidecar and must be held in the arms under 7 years d If in accordance with the manufacturer's instruction and for rear-facing restraint if airbag is deactivated Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 220 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of In te rn al A ªa irs . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency The Governmental Commission on Road Safety Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target Reduce deaths by 8 000 (2012-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 54 014 259 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 44 698 592 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2 237 218 Heavy trucks 3 179 460 Buses 865 897 Other 3 033 092 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 20 308 a (72% M, 25% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 25 969 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 18 a Ministry of Internal Aªairs of the Russian Federation. Died within 30 days of crash Russian Federation Population: 143 964 512 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 9 720 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 32% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 25% Cyclists 2% Pedestrians 29% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 6% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 3% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other <1% Source: 2016, Ministry of Internal Aªairs of the Russian Federation Source: Ministry of Internal Aªairs of the Russian Federation 0 6 12 18 24 30 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes b Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.03 g/dl c BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.03 g/dl c Random breath testing carried out Yes d Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 23% e National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 66-83% Front seats f, 20-50% Rear seats f National child restraint law Yes g Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint h Child restraint required Up to 7 yrs i Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 49-52% f National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Local authorities can modify national speed limits through the posting of speed signs c Law based on breath alcohol concentration, values converted to BAC d Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers e 2016, Ministry of Internal Aªairs of the Russian Federation f 2016, Survey performed by the Russian Public Opinion Research Center, 2016 g Since 2017, child restraint systems are the only form of restraint allowed for children under 7 years (before the 2017 revision, children under 12 years were to be restrained either in a child restraint or by "other means") h Children up to 11 years (included) while sitting in the front shall be placed in a child restraint, children aged 12 years and more can sit in the front without a child restraint i For children aged 7-11 years old (included) sitting in the rear, child restraint or seat belt can be used Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 221 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Committee Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 180 137 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 71 394 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 91 874 Heavy trucks 5 909 Buses 1 234 Other 9 726 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers — National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 593 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 535 (95% CI 2 690 - 4 380) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 29.7 a Tra c Police. Died within 30 days of crash Rwanda Population: 11 917 508 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 700 Deaths by road user category SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 80 km/h b Max rural speed limit 80 km/h b Max motorway speed limit 80 km/h b Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law No b Speed limit set per vehicle type with a maximum speed limit of 80 km/h for passenger cars (not exceeding 3500 kg) c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers or commission of a tra c oªence Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 DATA NOT AVA I LABLE 222 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by D ep ar tm en t o f H ea lth an d W el ln es s. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Saint Lucia Road Transport Board Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 35 681 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 29 790 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 215 Heavy trucks 4 310 Buses 1 120 Other 246 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry — Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 15 a (73% M, 27% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 63 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 35.4 a Saint Lucia Royal Police Force (Tra c Department). Unlimited time period following crash Saint Lucia Population: 178 015 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 7 670 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 40% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 7% Cyclists 13% Pedestrians 13% Drivers and passengers of buses 7% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 20% Source: 2016, Saint Lucia Royal Police Force (Tra c Department) Source: Saint Lucia Royal Police Force (Tra c Department) 0 5 10 15 20 25 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit ~ 24 km/h Max rural speed limit ~ 24 km/h Max motorway speed limit ~ 56 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use No Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 223 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Works, Transport & Infrastructure (MWTI) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target <5 deaths per 10 000 vehicles (2011- 2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 25 235 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 23 557 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 95 Heavy trucks 1 184 Buses 326 Other 73 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015/2016) a 17 b (71% M, 29% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 22 (95% CI 20 - 25) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 11.3 a Data collected across fiscal year calendar 2015-2016 b Accident Compensation Cooperation (ACC). Unlimited time period following crash Samoa Population: 195 125 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 4 100 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 18% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 24% Pedestrians 47% Drivers and passengers of buses 6% Cyclists 6% Source: 2015/2016, Accident Compensation Cooperation (ACC) Source: Accident Compensation Cooperation (ACC) 0 7 14 21 28 35 2015-20162014-20152013-20142012-20132011-20122010-20112009-20102008-20092007-20082006-2007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit ~ 56 km/h Max rural speed limit ~ 56 km/h Max motorway speed limit — c Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 100% Drivers d, 100% Passengers e National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 100% Front seats f, 100% Rear seats f National child restraint law No g Children seated in front seat Not restricted h Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes c No motorways in the country d 2016, Land Transport Authority Instant Fine Act 2009/Tra c Oªence Notice e 2016, Land Transport Authority, Authorized Tra c O cers Report, Tra c Oªence Notice f 2016, Tra c Oªence Notice g Legislation refers to either child restraint or seat belt to restrain children under 12 years h Except if child restraint or seat belt are available in the front seat Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 224 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Working Group on Road Security Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 54 956 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 35 369 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 13 109 Heavy trucks 548 Buses 76 Other 5 854 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 0 b WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 0 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 0 a Data available only for 2008 b Information Technology, Data and Statistics O ce. Died within 30 days of crash San Marino Population: 33 203 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 51 810 a Deaths by road user category Source: Information Technology, Data and Statistics O ce 0 1 2 3 4 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 70 km/h Max rural speed limit 70 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required Up to 150 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 225 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Department of Land Transport, Ministry of Infrastructure, Natural Resources and Environment Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2017 34 050 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 23 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 55 (95% CI 43 - 68) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 27.5 a Special police transit unit of the national police. Died within 30 days of crash Sao Tome and Principe Population: 199 910 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 730 Deaths by road user category Source: Special Transit Unit of the National Police 0 5 10 15 20 25 2016201520142013201220112010200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.12 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.12 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 7 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No b Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs/150 cm c Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation refers to either child restraint or seat belt use to transport children c Except if the vehicle does not have rear seats provided and such transportation is made in a child restraint (with airbag deactivated if a rear-facing restraint is being used) Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 226 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Trac Department, Ministry of Interior Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 6 895 799 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 9 031 a (87% M, 13% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 9 311 (95% CI 8 268 - 10 354) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 28.8 a Tra c Department, Annual statistical report. Died within 30 days of crash Saudi Arabia Population: 32 275 688 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 21 750 Deaths by road user category Source: Tra c Department, Annual statistical report 0 7 14 21 28 35 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 80 km/h Max rural speed limit 120 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 16 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required Yes c Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Not based on BAC. Alcohol consumption legally prohibited c Reference is made to special seats to be used for children with no details as to the specific age/height under which children should be mandatorily placed in them Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 227 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth an d So cia l A ct ion . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Directorate of Land Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 35% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 468 051 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 348 088 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 38 879 Heavy trucks 56 631 Buses 17 689 Other 6 764 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 604 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 609 (95% CI 3 052 - 4 165) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 23.4 a Road Transport Final Report, February 2017. Died within 30 days of crash Senegal Population: 15 411 614 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 950 Deaths by road user category Source: Road Transport Final Report, February 2017 0 1 2 3 4 5 20142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit No Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers No Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes b Not based on BAC Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 228 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Coordination Body for Road Trac Safety Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 2 282 401 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 908 449 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 63 587 Heavy trucks 208 925 Buses 9 709 Other 91 731 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 607 a (82% M, 18% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 649 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 7.4 a Database of the Ministry of Interior on road tra c accidents. Died within 30 days of crash Serbia Population: 8 820 083 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 5 280 Deaths by road user category Source: Statistical O ce of the Republic of Serbia and Database of the Ministry of Interior on road tra c accidents 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h b Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.03 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 17% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 86% Drivers d, 74-87% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 75% Front seats d, 10% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs e Child restraint required Up to 3 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 28% d National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Can be increased to 80 km/h c 2016, Database of the Ministry of Interior on road tra c accidents d 2016, Road Tra c Safety Agency of Republic of Serbia (percentages for helmet wearing are for mopeds and motorcycles, respectively) e Except for children under 3 years if airbag is deactivated Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 30% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 16%Cyclists 9% Pedestrians 23% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 4% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 9% Drivers and passengers of buses 1% Other 7% Source: 2016, Database of the Ministry of Interior on road tra c accidents Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 229 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Department of Land Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 23 076 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 19 469 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 799 Heavy trucks 2 211 Buses 597 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 15 a (87% M, 13% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 15 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 15.9 a Police and Ministry of Health. Died within 30 days of crash Seychelles Population: 94 228 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 15 410 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 20% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 27% Cyclists 7% Pedestrians 20% Drivers and passengers of buses 7% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 20% Source: 2016, Police Source: Ministry of Health, National Bureau of Statistics, and Police 0 5 10 15 20 25 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 25-80 km/h b Max rural speed limit 80 km/h b Max motorway speed limit 80 km/h b Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No d Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 10 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes e Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required Yes f Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Speed limits depend on the geographical area considered: the maximum speed limit is 40 km/h on roads in Greater Victoria and 80 km/h on any other roads; the islands of Praslin and La Digue are subject to 65 km/h and 25 km/h, respectively c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers or commission of a tra c oªence d Reference is made to regulations to specify helmet types, in 2017 these regulations were in the process of being developed e The legislation refers to the use of child restraint systems for infant or child passenger but does not refer to a specific age/ height up to which the use of child restraint is mandatory f Obligation not based on age/height or weight Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 230 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Trac Police & Land Transport Authority Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 933 534 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 727 533 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 142 439 Heavy trucks 45 224 Buses 18 338 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 141 a (73% M, 27% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 155 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 2.8 a Singapore Police Force. Died within 30 days of crash Singapore Population: 5 622 455 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 51 880 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeledcars and light vehicles 6% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 1% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 44% Cyclists 14% Pedestrians 33% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks <1% Source: 2016, Singapore Police Force Source: Singapore Police Force 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 70 km/h b Max rural speed limit — c Max motorway speed limit 90 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes d Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 6% e National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 10 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required Up to 135 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Diªerent speed limits are set in urban areas ranging from 30 km/h to 70km/h c No rural roads in Singapore d Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers or commission of a tra c oªence e 2016, Singapore Police Force Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 231 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of transport of the Slovak Republic Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 2 606 412 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 2 388 415 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 126 630 Heavy trucks 82 563 Buses 8 804 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 275 a (78% M, 22% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 330 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 6.1 a Road Accident Database (ISDN). Died within 30 days of crash Slovakia Population: 5 444 218 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 16 810 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 33% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 17% Cyclists 8% Pedestrians 29% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 9% Drivers and passengers of buses 1% Other 3% Source: 2016, Road Accident Database (ISDN) Source: Road Accident Database (SEDN) for 2007-2009; Road Accident Database (ISDN) for 2010-2016; and Statistical Bureau of Slovak Republic 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population 0.00 g/dl b BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl b Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 6% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint d Child restraint required Up to 150 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Driving with presence of any alcohol in the body is prohibited c 2016, Road Accident Database (ISDN) d Provided that airbag is deactivated if child is in a rear-facing child restraint system Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 232 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by S lo ve ni an Tr a c S af et y A ge nc y. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Slovenian Trac Safety Agency Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2013-2022) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 468 439 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 183 476 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 97 418 Heavy trucks 31 374 Buses 2 690 Other 153 481 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 130 a (78% M, 22% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 134 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 6.4 a Police records. Died within 30 days of crash Slovenia Population: 2 077 862 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 21 660 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 35% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 12% Cyclists 10% Pedestrians 17% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 19% Other 5% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Source: 2016, Police database Source: Slovenian Tra c Safety Agency 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h b Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 32% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs d Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 92% Front seats e, 69% Rear seats e National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint f Child restraint required Up to 150 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Can be increased up to 70 km/h c 2016, Police records d Only children older than 12 years are allowed to ride as passengers on motorcycles e 2016, Slovenian Tra c Safety Agency f Provided that airbag is deactivated if child is in a rear-facing child restraint system Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 233 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by P ol ice Fo rc e. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Trac Unit, Ministry of Infrastructure and Development and Ministry of Police & Correctional Services Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles — Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 11 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 104 (95% CI 94 - 115) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 17.4 a Honiara Tra c Statistics 2016 Report. Died within 24 hours of crash Solomon Islands Population: 599 419 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 880 Deaths by road user category Source: Kukum Tra c Police 0 1 2 3 4 2013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes b Max urban speed limit — Max rural speed limit — Max motorway speed limit — Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants — Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes b Speed limits are established locally per vehicle type and/or per road names or areas Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 234 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Road Safety Management, Ministry of Public Works, Housing and Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Not funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads — Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2014 59 457 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 56 000 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 760 Heavy trucks — Buses — Other 2 697 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number None Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 165 b WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 884 (95% CI 3 023 - 4 745) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 27.1 b Tra c Police. Died at scene of crash Somaliaa Population: 14 317 996 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ — a The data published herein refers roughly to the following administrative subdivisions of Somalia: Awdal, Marodi Jeeh, Sanaagh, Sool, Togdheer and Woqooyi Galbeed Deaths by road user category Source: Tra c Police 0 40 80 120 160 200 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 40 km/h Max rural speed limit No Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law No Applies to drivers and passengers — Helmet fastening required — Helmet standard referred to and/or specified — Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement — Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants — Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes c Not based on BAC. Alcohol consumption legally prohibited Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 235 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by R oa d T ra c M an ag em en t C or po ra tio n. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Road Trac Management Corporation (RTMC), Department of Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2010-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles — Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 14 071 a (77% M, 23% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 14 507 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 25.9 a Road Tra c Management Corporation (RTMC), Tra c calendar report 2016. Died within 30 days of crash South Africa Population: 56 015 472 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 5 480 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 21% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 24% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers <1% Pedestrians 38% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 6% Drivers and passengers of buses 7% Cyclists 3% Other <1% Source: 2016, Road Tra c Management Corporation (RTMC), Tra c calendar report 2016 Source: Road Tra c Management Corporation (RTMC), Tra c calendar report 2016 0 7 14 21 28 35 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 58% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 33% Drivers c, 31% Front seats c National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Not restricted d Child restraint required Up to 3 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2010, National Injury Mortality Surveillance System (NIMSS) c 2010, Road Tra c Management Corporation (RTMC) Tra c Oªence Survey 2010 d Obligation to place children in the rear only applies in vehicles not fitted with seat belts and having rear seats Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 236 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Trac Police, Ministry of Interior Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2012-2016 69 647 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 32 070 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 27 250 Heavy trucks 4 830 Buses 5 497 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 130 b (53% M, 47% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 661 (95% CI 2 976 - 4 346) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 29.9 a Data available only for 2015 b Juba Teaching Hospital. Unlimited time period following crash South Sudan Population: 12 230 730 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 820 a Deaths by road user category Source: Tra c Police, Statistical yearbook for Southern Sudan 2010 and Population Projection 2015 0 4 8 12 16 20 201620152014201320122011201020092008 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit No Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law No Applies to drivers and passengers — Helmet fastening required — Helmet standard referred to and/or specified — Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement — Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants — Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes c Not based on BAC Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 237 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth , S oc ial S er vic es an d Eq ua lit y. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Directorate General for Trac, Ministry of Internal Administration Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target <3.7 deaths per 100 000 population (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 32 986 384 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 26 876 165 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 5 102 674 Heavy trucks 526 559 Buses 60 252 Other 420 734 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 810 a (77% M, 23% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 922 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 4.1 a Directorate General of Tra c. Died within 30 days of crash Spain Population: 46 347 576 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 27 520 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 32% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 14% Cyclists 4% Pedestrians 21% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 22% Drivers and passengers of buses 1% Other 2% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 3% Source: 2015, Directorate General of Tra c Source: Directorate General of Tra c 0 2 4 6 8 10 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes b Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.03 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 17% Males, 7% Females c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 7/12 yrs d Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 99% Drivers e, 93% Passengers e National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 91% Front seats e, 81% Rear seats e National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 135 cm f Child restraint required Up to 135 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 88% g National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Road authorities can decrease speed limits on both urban and rural roads. Speed limits can only be increased on urban highways c 2012, Global Status Report on Alcohol and Health 2014, WHO (percentages for females and males, respectively) d In principle, children under 12 years are not allowed to ride as passenger on motorcycles, by exception the minimum age is lowered to 7 years when the driver is one of the parents, or a person authorized by them e 2012, Directorate General of Tra c f Front seating for children under 135 cm is only allowed as an exception if there are no seats in the back or all other seats are occupied by children g 2012, Directorate General of Tra c. Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 238 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of Tr an sp or t a nd Ci vil Av iat ion . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Council for Road Safety (NCRS), Ministry of Transport and Civil Aviation Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 6 795 469 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 717 674 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 4 815 617 Heavy trucks 762 912 Buses 104 104 Other 395 162 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 3 003 a (86% M, 14% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 096 (95% CI 2 777 - 3 415) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 14.9 a Sri Lanka Police, Micro Accident Analysis System (MAAP). Died within 30 days of crash Sri Lanka Population: 20 798 492 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 780 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 2% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 5% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 51% Cyclists 8% Pedestrians 29% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Other 2% Source: 2016, Sri Lanka Police, Micro Accident Analysis System (MAAP) Source: Sri Lanka Police 0 700 1400 2100 2800 3500 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 70 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 95% All riders b National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 75% Front seats b, 75% Rear seats b National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, Sri Lanka Police, Micro Accident Analysis System (MAAP) Trends in reported road tra c deaths Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 239 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by Fe de ra l M in ist ry of H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Road Safety Coordination Council Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 20% (2017-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 252 740 a Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 935 132 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 149 778 Heavy trucks 86 430 Buses 81 400 Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 2 311 b (77% M, 23% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 10 178 (95% CI 8 635 - 11 722) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 25.7 a Data includes police, army and national security vehicles, which are not reflected in o cial records b Tra c police, Annual report for road tra c crashes 2016. Died within 7 days of crash Sudan Population: 39 578 828 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 140 Deaths by road user category Pedestrians 29% Other 71% Source: 2016, Tra c police, Annual report for road tra c crashes Source: Tra c police, Annual report for road tra c crashes 2013/2016 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol <1% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes c Not based on BAC d 2016, Tra c police, Annual report for road tra c crashes 2016 Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 240 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency No Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 228 388 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 146 110 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 43 256 Heavy trucks 34 434 Buses 3 608 Other 980 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 74 a (84% M, 16% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 81 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 14.5 a Combined sources: Tra c Police, Ministry of Justice and Police, and Emergency Medical Department Academic Hospital Paramaribo. Died within 30 days of crash Suriname Population: 558 368 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 7 070 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 22% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 12% Cyclists 4% Pedestrians 15% Other 1% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 46% Source: 2016, Tra c Police, Ministry of Justice and Police Source: Tra c Police, Ministry of Justice and Police, and General Bureau of Statistics 0 5 10 15 20 25 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 40 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 80 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 95% Drivers b, 92% Passengers b National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 75% Front seats b, 8% Rear seats b National child restraint law Yes c Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required — c Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, Tra c Police Suriname, Ministry of Justice and Police c For children under 10 years, the legislation refers to the use of child restraint system (CRS) where available and appropriate, and specifies that in the absence of child restraint, seat belts are to be used Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 241 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by S we dis h T ra ns po rt Ad m in ist ra tio n. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Swedish Transport Administration, Ministry of Enterprise and Innovation Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2007-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 6 102 914 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 5 302 808 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 375 188 Heavy trucks 81 430 Buses 13 890 Other 329 598 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 270 a (76% M, 24% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 278 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 2.8 a O cial statistics (Swedish Transport Analysis). Died within 30 days of crash Sweden Population: 9 837 533 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 54 630 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 39% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 15% Cyclists 8% Pedestrians 16% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 16% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 4% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Source: 2016, STRADA (Swedish Tra c Accident Data Acquisition), Swedish Transport Agency Source: O cial statistics (Swedish Transport Analysis) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.02 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 24% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 97-99% All Riders c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 96% Front seats d, 90% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint e Child restraint required Up to 135 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 96% f National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use No Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, In-depth studies of fatal crashes, Swedish Transport Administration c 2016, Travel survey (VTI) d 2016, Swedish Transport Administration, Analysis of road safety development 2016 e Provided that airbag is deactivated if child is in a rear-facing child restraint system f 2013, The Sweden National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI), The use of seat belts in Sweden 2013. Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 242 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by Fe de ra l D ep ar tm en t o f t he En vir on m en t, Tra ns po rt, En er gy an d Co m m un ica tio ns . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Federal Roads Oce (FEDRO) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 5 980 512 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 4 927 655 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 720 381 Heavy trucks 53 094 Buses 14 742 Other 264 640 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 216 a (70% M, 30% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 223 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 2.7 a Federal Roads O ce. Died within 30 days of crash Switzerland Population: 8 401 739 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 81 240 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 26% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 8% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 23% Cyclists 15% Pedestrians 23% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks <1% Other 4% Source: 2016, Federal Roads O ce Source: Swiss Federal Statistical O ce 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.01 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 13% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 100% Drivers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 94% Front seats c, 86% Rear seats c National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required Up to 12 yrs/150 cm d Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 93% e National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, Federal Roads O ce c 2016, Swiss Council for Accident Prevention (BFU) d Children under 12 years and less than 150 cm shall be placed in a child restraint e 2012, Swiss Council for Accident Prevention (BFU) Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 243 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Committee for Road Safety Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 2 396 544 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 811 359 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 466 205 Heavy trucks 41 647 Buses 77 333 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 714 b (86% M, 14% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 4 890 (95% CI 4 009 - 5 772) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 26.5 a Data available only for 2007 b Ministry of Interior, Tra c Department. Died within 30 days of crash Syrian Arab Republic Population: 18 430 452 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 840 a Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 9% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 10% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 6% Pedestrians 65% Drivers and passengers of buses 1% Other 3% Cyclists 6% Source: 2016, Ministry of Interior, Tra c Department Source: Ministry of Interior, Tra c Department 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit — Max rural speed limit — Max motorway speed limit — Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers No Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 90% Drivers d, 90% Front seats d National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law No c The law refers to regulations to set BAC limit, regulations not available d 2016, Ministry of Interior, Tra c Department Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 244 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth an d So cia l P ro te ct ion . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Department of the State Automobile Inspection, Ministry of Internal A®airs Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 439 972 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 380 496 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 4 546 Heavy trucks 39 261 Buses 15 669 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 427 a (72% M, 28% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 577 (95% CI 1 449 - 1 704) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 18.1 a Department of the State Automobile Inspection, Ministry of Internal Aªairs. Died within 7 days of crash Tajikistan Population: 8 734 951 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 110 Deaths by road user category Drivers of all vehicles 22% Passengers of all vehicles 36% Pedestrians 40% Cyclists 2% Source: Department of the State Automobile Inspection, Ministry of Internal Aªairs. 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — b BAC limit – young or novice drivers — b Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 4% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint d Child restraint required — e Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Not based on BAC c 2016, Department of the State Automobile Inspection, Ministry of Internal Aªairs. d Front seating of children under 12 years allowed if a child restraint is being used e Legislation refers to child restraints or “other means” to secure children under 12 years but allows the transport of children under 12 years on the knees of an adult passenger seated in the back with the seat belt fastened Trends in reported road tra c deaths Source: 2016, Department of the State Automobile Inspection, Ministry of Internal Aªairs De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 245 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of P ub lic H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Ministry of Interior Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target ≤ 10 deaths per 100 000 population (2010-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 31 Dec 2016 37 338 139 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 15 003 774 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 20 497 296 Heavy trucks 1 055 717 Buses 157 799 Other 623 553 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No a Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 21 745 b (79% M, 21% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 22 491 (95% CI 20 265 - 24 717) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 32.7 a Thailand launched an ECO-CAR program with tax incentives to cars with ESC but is not mandatory for all cars b Data Integration: (1) Death registration validated with Medical Certification of Cause of Death from hospitals; (2) Royal Thai Police; (3) Road Accident Victims Protection Company Limited. Unlimited time period following crash Thailand Population: 68 863 512 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 5 640 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 6% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 6% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 74% Cyclists 3% Pedestrians 8% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks <1% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 1% Source: 2016, Injury surveillance system, Bureau of Epidemiology, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health Source: Data Integration: (1) Death registration validated with Medical Certification of Cause of Death from hospitals; (2) Royal Thai Police; (3) Road Accident Victims Protection Company Limited 0 8 16 24 32 40 201620152014201320122011 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 80 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 14% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 51% Drivers e, 20% Passengers e National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 58% Drivers f, 40% Front seats f National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers d 2016, Injury Surveillance System across 33 hospital sentinel sites e 2015, Survey of ThaiRoads Foundation f 2011, Survey of ThaiRoads Foundation Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 246 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Republic Council on Road Trac Safety and Coordination Body of the Government of Republic of Macedonia Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target Reduction of fatalities to EU average, reduction of young driver victims by 30%, and zero child victims (2015 - 2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 442 962 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 383 833 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 10 050 Heavy trucks 45 836 Buses 3 243 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 148 a (80% M, 20% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 134 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 6.4 a Ministry of Interior and State Statistical O ce. Died within 30 days of crash The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Population: 2 081 206 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 4 980 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 26% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 20% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 9% Cyclists 6% Pedestrians 33% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 3% Other 2% Source: 2015, Ministry of Interior and State Statistical O ce Source: State Statistical O ce and Ministry of Interior 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h b Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.01 g/dl c Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 1% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 20% Front seats e, 3% Rear seats e National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs f Child restraint required Up to 5 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Can be increased up to 70 km/h c In the law ≤ 0.009 g/dl d 2015, State Statistical O ce and Ministry of Interior e 2015, Survey conducted by the Department for tra c and transport f Except for children under 2 years in a rear-facing child restraint if airbag is deactivated Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 247 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Directorate of Transport, Ministry of Interior Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for December 2016 146 596 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 24 438 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 108 409 Heavy trucks 1 120 Buses 207 Other 12 422 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 71 b WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 161 (95% CI 138 - 184) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 12.7 a Data available only for 2015 b National Police Timor-Leste (PNTL), National Transit Department. Died within 24 hours of crash Timor-Leste Population: 1 268 671 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 180 a Deaths by road user category DATA NOT AVA I LABLE Source: National Police Timor-Leste (PNTL), National Transit Department (death data), Census 2010 (population data) 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs c Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes c Unless the vehicle does not have a back seat and such transportation is carried out by using an approved child restraint, appropriate to the child's size and weight Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 248 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of S ec ur ity an d Civ il Pr ot ec tio n. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Oce of Road Safety (ONSR), Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport (MIT) Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 64 118 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 17 000 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 45 341 Heavy trucks 791 Buses 62 Other 924 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 514 a (50% M, 22% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 2 224 (95% CI 1 800 - 2 649) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 29.2 a Police and Ministry of Security and Civil Protection (MSPC). Died within 30 days of crash Togo Population: 7 606 374 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 540 Deaths by road user category Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 11% Occupants of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 17% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 72% Source: 2016, Ministry of Security and Civil Protection (MSPC), 2008-2016 Annual Report Source: Ministry of Security and Civil Protection (MSPC), 2008-2016 Annual Reports (death data), National Institute of Statistics and Economic and Demographic Studies (population data) 0 3 6 9 12 15 201620152014201320122011201020092008 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law No Max urban speed limit — Max rural speed limit — Max motorway speed limit — Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement — Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes b Not based on BAC Trends in reported road tra c deaths National Oce of Road Safety (ONSR), Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport (MIT) De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 249 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Police (Department of Trac) and Ministry of Infrastructure Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% reduction in rate per 100 000 population (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2012 8 154 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 6 039 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 184 Heavy trucks 1 882 Buses 49 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 18 a (89% M, 11% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 18 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 16.8 a Road Tra c Accident Registry. Died within 24 hours of crash Tonga Population: 107 122 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 4 020 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 33% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 33% Pedestrians 28% Other 6% Source: 2016, Road Tra c Accident Registry, Ministry of Police Source: Road Tra c Accident Registry, Ministry of Police 0 4 8 12 16 20 201620152014201320122011201020092008 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 70 km/h Max motorway speed limit 70 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.03 g/dl b BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.03 g/dl b Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 77% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants — Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law No b Law based on breath alcohol concentration, values converted to BAC c 2016, Audit on Major Trauma for the year 2016, Emergency Department, Ministry of Health Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 250 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Council, Ministry of Works and Transport Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads — Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 1996-2015 831 803 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 378 584 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 4 736 Heavy trucks 96 612 Buses 431 Other 351 440 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 135 a (76% M, 24% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 165 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 12.1 a Trinidad and Tobago Police Service. Died within a year of crash Trinidad and Tobago Population: 1 364 962 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 15 680 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 29% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 29%Cyclists <1% Pedestrians 31% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 4% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 4% Source: 2016, Trinidad and Tobago Police Service Source: Trinidad and Tobago Police Service 0 5 10 15 20 25 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 5 yrs Child restraint required Up to 5 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 251 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Observatory for Information, Training, Documentation and Studies on Road Safety, Ministry of Interior Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads — Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 2 015 601 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 718 175 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 16 306 Heavy trucks 260 369 Buses 20 751 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 443 a (88% M, 12% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 2 595 (95% CI 2 321 - 2 869) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 22.8 a National Tra c Safety Observatory in coordination with the Guard and Tra c Police Departments. Died within 30 days of crash Tunisia Population: 11 403 248 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 690 Deaths by road user category Drivers of all vehicles 25% Passengers of all vehicles 24% Pedestrians 25% Other <1% Cyclist 2% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 23% Source: National Tra c Safety Observatory in coordination with the Guard and Tra c Police Departments 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.03 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 2% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 6 yrs c Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, National Tra c Safety Observatory in coordination with the Guard and Tra c Police Departments c The ban includes children aged 6 years Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 252 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Higher Board of Road Safety, Ministry of Interior Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 21 090 424 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 17 040 996 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 3 003 733 Heavy trucks 825 334 Buses 220 361 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 7 300 a (78% M, 22% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 9 782 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 12.3 a Directorate General For Security. Died within 30 days of crash Turkey Population: 79 512 424 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 11 180 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 22% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 15% Pedestrians 23% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 4% Drivers and passengers of buses 1% Other 33% Cyclists 2% Source: 2016, Accident Reporting Database Source: Directorate General for Security 0 2 4 6 8 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h b Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h b Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 3% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 75% All riders d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 50% Drivers e, 41% Front seats e National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint f Child restraint required Up to 36 kg/135 cm g Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes b Ministry of Interior can increase speed limits by 20 km/h for automobiles c 2012, Turkish National Police d 2016, Directorate General for Security e 2013, 2016 - Turkey Analysis: Follow-up study on driver and front seat-belt use f Provided that airbag is deactivated for children travelling in a rear-facing restraint g Child restraints are required for children under 150cm, by exception children of height 135-150 cm can be restrained by a seat belt only if they sit in the back Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 253 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth an d Me dic al In du st ry. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Health and Medical Industry of Turkmenistan Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles — Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 543 a (66% M, 34% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 823 (95% CI 765 - 880) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 14.5 a Statistical report of the State Committee on Statistics. Died within 7 days of crash Turkmenistan Population: 5 662 544 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 6 670 Deaths by road user category 0 200 400 600 800 1000 201320122011201020092008 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint b Child restraint required — c Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law No b Law does not specifically refer to child restraint system but to "special seating equipment" for children under 12 years c Special seating equipment for children under 12 years is mentioned only in relation with front seating Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 254 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Council (NRSC), Ministry of Works and Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2014-2022) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 594 962 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 946 096 Heavy trucks — Buses 3 335 Other 645 531 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 3 503 a (78% M, 22% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 12 036 (95% CI 9 454 - 14 618) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 29 a Police Annual Tra c Report. Died within a year of crash Uganda Population: 41 487 964 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 660 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 5% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 17% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 33% Cyclists 6% Pedestrians 40% Source: 2016, Police Annual Tra c Report Source: Police Annual Tra c Reports and Uganda Bureau of Statistics 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 201620152014201320122011201020092008 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol <1% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 49% Drivers d, 1% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers or commission of a tra c oªence c 2016, Police Annual Tra c Report d 2013, Uganda Helmet Vaccine Initiative 2013 Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 255 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency No Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2014 14 433 709 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 9 162 795 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 725 447 Heavy trucks 2 063 276 Buses 324 151 Other 1 158 040 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 4 687 a (76% M, 24% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 6 089 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 13.7 a State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Unlimited time period following crash Ukraine Population: 44 438 624 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 310 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 16% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 18% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 9% Pedestrians 42% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 1% Cyclists 7% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 7% Source: 2016, State Statistics Service of Ukraine Source: State Statistics Service of Ukraine 0 5 10 15 20 25 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.02 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 7% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs/145 cm Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes c Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint d Child restraint required — c Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, State Statistics Service of Ukraine c The legislation refers to the use of "special means" to be used in conjunction with the seat belt to restrain children under 12 years and 145 cm d No specific reference to child restraint but to "special means" for children under 145 cm and 12 years sitting in the front Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 256 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth an d Pr ev en tio n. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Trac Coordination Department, Ministry of Interior Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 3 deaths per 100 000 population (2011-2021) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 3 391 125 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 2 996 338 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 54 581 Heavy trucks 237 427 Buses 102 779 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 725 a (88% M, 12% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 678 (95% CI 1 435 - 1 921) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 18.1 a Ministry of Interior (MOI). Died within 30 days of crash United Arab Emirates Population: 9 269 612 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 40 480 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 30% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 24% Cyclists 2% Pedestrians 24% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 8% Drivers and passengers of buses 6% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 6% Source: 2016, Ministry of Interior Source: Ministry of Interior 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit — b Max rural speed limit — b Max motorway speed limit — b Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.01 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.01 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 2% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs / 145 cm Child restraint required Up to 4 yrs e Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Speed limits are established at subnational level per streets' names c Alcohol consumption legally prohibited d 2016, Ministry of Interior (MOI) e Child restraints are required for children aged 4 years and below Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 257 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by D ep ar tm en t f or Tr an sp or t. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Department for Transport (Great Britain); Transport - Policy, Planning and Partnership Division (Wales); Transport Scotland (Scotland); Department for Infrastructure (Northern Ireland) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 40-60% a SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 38 388 214 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 35 681 940 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 270 216 Heavy trucks 517 144 Buses 167 056 Other 751 858 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 1 804 b (76% M, 24% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 2 019 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 3.1 a Wales 40%; Scotland 40%; NI at least 60% (2004-2008 average to 2020) b Department for Transport, Road accidents and safety statistics (Great Britain), Police Recorded Injury Road Tra c Collision Statistics (Northern Ireland). Defined as died within 30 days of crash. United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Population: 65 788 572 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 42 390 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 33% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 14% Cyclists 6% Pedestrians 24% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 20% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 2% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Source: 2015, Department for Transport, Road accidents and safety statistics (Great Britain), Police Recorded Injury Road Tra c Collision Statistics (Northern Ireland) Source: Department for Transport, Road accidents and safety statistics (Great Britain), Police Recorded Injury Road Tra c Collision Statistics (Northern Ireland) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit ~ 48 km/h Max rural speed limit ~ 96 km/h Max motorway speed limit ~ 112 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl c BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl c Random breath testing carried out Yes d Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 13% (GB), 23% (NI) e National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 95% (England and Scotland), 98% (NI) Front seats f, 90% (England and Scotland), 94% (NI) Rear seats f National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required Up to 12 yrs/135 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 95% (NI) g National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes c In Scotland legal BAC limit is ≤ 0.05g/dl d Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers e 2014, Police Services of Northern Island statistics (NI); Department for Transport Statistical Release 2016 (GB) f 2014, Seatbelt and mobile phone use surveys 2014 (England and Scotland); Survey of Seat Belt Wearing 2014 (NI) g 2014, Northern Ireland Survey of Seat Belt Wearing (figure for all ages and for children seated in the back) Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 258 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H om e A ªa irs . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Council (NRSC), Ministry of Home A®airs Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 2 163 623 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 649 127 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 282 503 Heavy trucks 99 428 Buses 58 247 Other 74 318 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number None Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 3 256 a (79% M, 21% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 16 252 (95% CI 13 130 - 19 374) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 29.2 a Tra c Police. Died within 30 days of crash United Republic of Tanzania Population: 55 572 200 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 900 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 8% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 30% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 23% Cyclists 8% Pedestrians 30% Other <1% Source: 2016, Tra c Police Source: Tra c Police 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit No Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol <1% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers No Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers or commission of a tra c oªence c 2016, Tra c Police Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 259 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by D ep ar tm en t o f H ea lth an d Hu m an S er vic es . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Highway Trac Safety Administration (NHTSA), Department of Transportation Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 1.02 per 100 million miles traveled (VMT) (2018) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads — Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 281 312 446 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 260 619 419 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 8 600 936 Heavy trucks 11 203 184 Buses 888 907 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 35 092 a (71% M, 29% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 39 888 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 12.4 * These data take into consideration subnational laws. A criteria is answered "Yes" if at least 80% of the subnational entities meet the criteria a Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) Annual Report File. Died within 30 days of crash b Over 90% of the states provide a BAC limit equal or under 0.02 g/dl for young-novice drivers c 2015, National Center for Statistics and Analysis. (2016, December). Alcohol-impaired driving: 2015 data (Tra c Safety Facts. DOT HS 812 350). Washington, DC: National Highway Tra c Safety Administration. d About 40 % of the states require helmets for both drivers and passengers on motorcycles e Less than 10% of the states prohibit that children ride as passengers on motorcycles f 2016, Motorcycle helmet use in 2016 – Overall results. (Tra c Safety Facts Research Note. Report No. DOT HS 812 378), National Highway Tra c Safety Administration. g About 40% of the states do not require seat belt for rear seats passengers h 2016, Seat Belt Use. Overall Results (Tra c Safety Facts Research Note. Report No. DOT HS 812 351), National Highway Tra c Safety Administration. United States of America Population: 322 179 616 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 56 180 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 47% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 17% Cyclist 2% Pedestrians 15% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 14% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 2%Drivers and passengersof heavy trucks 2% Source: 2015, Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) Annual Report File Source: 2006-2010 Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) Annual Final File, and 2015 Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) Annual Report File 0 4 8 12 16 20 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS * National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit ~ 32 - 128 km/h Max rural speed limit ~ 40 - 128 km/h Max motorway speed limit ~ 40 - 128 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement — Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00-0.08 g/dl b Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement — % road trac deaths involving alcohol 29% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers No d Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted e Enforcement — Helmet wearing rate 68% Drivers f, 53% Passengers f National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No g Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate 90% Front seats h, 75% Rear seats i National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required — j Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement — % children using child restraints 89% k National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use No l Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes i 2015, Occupant restraint use in 2015: Results from the NOPUS controlled intersection study (Report No. DOT HS 812 330), National Highway Tra c Safety Administration. j Child restraint laws are enacted at subnational level. While all states require the use of child restraints, they provide diªerent age /weight/ height criteria to specify the period for mandatory use of child restraints / booster seats k 2016, the 2015 National Survey of the Use of Booster Seats (NSUBS) (Report No. DOT HS 812 309). Washington, DC: National Highway Tra c Safety Administration. l The majority of states prohibit texting while driving Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 260 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by N at ion al R oa d Sa fe ty U ni t ( UN AS EV ). INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Unit (UNASEV) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 2 342 026 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 008 974 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 252 031 Heavy trucks 71 355 Buses 9 666 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 446 a (75% M, 25% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 460 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 13.4 a National Tra c Information System (SINATRAN). Died within 30 days of crash Uruguay Population: 3 444 006 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 15 230 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 17% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 14% Cyclists 7% Pedestrians 17% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 46% Source: 2016, National Tra c Information System (SINATRAN) Source: National Tra c Information System (SINATRAN) 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 45 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 90 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population 0.00 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited b Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 80% Drivers c, 71% Passengers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 63% Front seats d, 33% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs/150 cm Child restraint required Up to 12 yrs/36 kg/150 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 23% d National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Until footrests can be reached c 2016, National Tra c Information System (SINATRAN) d 2016, Observational behavior study in road safety, Uruguay Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 261 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by R ep ub lic an sp ec ial ize d sc ien tifi c- pr ac tic al m ed ica l c en te r o f t ra um at ol og y a nd or th op ed ics . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency State Service on Trac Safety, Ministry of Internal A®airs of Republic of Uzbekistan Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles — Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry — Formal certification for prehospital providers — National assessment of emergency care systems — DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 2 496 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 617 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 11.5 a State service on Tra c Safety, Ministry of Internal Aªairs of Republic of Uzbekistan. Died within 30 days of crash Uzbekistan Population: 31 446 796 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 220 Deaths by road user category Source: Statistics of State Service on Tra c Safety, Ministry of Internal Aªairs of Republic of Uzbekistan 0 600 1200 1800 2400 3000 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 70 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash — Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 4% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes b Not based on BAC c 2016, Statistics of State Road Safety Service Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 262 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by th e M in ist ry of H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Vanuatu Police Force, Ministry of Internal A®airs Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles — Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 9 b (67% M, 33% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 43 (95% CI 39 - 48) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 15.9 a Data available only for 2014 b Vanuatu Police (manual records). Died at scene of crash Vanuatu Population: 270 402 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 170 a Deaths by road user category Source: 2013, GSRRS3 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law No Max urban speed limit — Max rural speed limit — Max motorway speed limit — Local authorities can modify limits — Enforcement — Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 67% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 90% Drivers e, 90% Passengers e National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 20% Front seats e, 10% Rear seats e National child restraint law No f Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint g Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes c Not based on BAC d 2016, Vanuatu Police, Tra c occurrence book e 2016, Vanuatu Police Force f Legislation allows that infants (defined as children under 3 years) be held by a responsible person as an alternative to using special seats g Infant (defined as children under 3 years) shall be placed in a restraining seat while travelling in the front Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 263 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of M in ist ry of P op ul ar P ow er fo r H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Institute of Land Transport, Ministry of People's Power for Land Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads — Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 7 999 760 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 4 558 246 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 263 506 Heavy trucks 1 818 649 Buses 336 846 Other 22 513 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2013) 7 028 b (83% M, 17% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 10 640 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 33.7 a Data available only for 2013 b 2013 Yearbook Mortality, Ministry of the Popular Power for Health. Died within 30 days of crash Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Population: 31 568 180 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 11 760 a Deaths by road user category Source: 2013 Yearbook Mortality, Ministry of the Popular Power for Health 0 6 12 18 24 30 2013201220112010200920082007200620052004 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law No Max urban speed limit — Max rural speed limit — Max motorway speed limit — Local authorities can modify limits — Enforcement — Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 10 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes d Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required — d Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes c Not based on BAC d The law requires "infants" to use "special seats for that purpose" but does not specify the age for children falling into the "infants" category Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 264 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by th e M in ist ry of Tr an sp or t. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Trac Safety Committee (NTSC) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 5-10% annually (2012- 2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 50 666 855 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 3 033 527 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 47 131 928 Heavy trucks — Buses — Other 501 400 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 8 417 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 24 970 (95% CI 21 576 - 28 363) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 26.4 a Report of Road Safety Performance Review of Viet Nam, The United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia (UNESCAP) and the Pacific and Ministry of Transport of Viet Nam (MOT). Died within 7 days of crash Viet Nam Population: 94 569 072 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 050 Deaths by road user category Source: Report of Road Safety Performance Review of Viet Nam, The United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia (UNESCAP) and the Pacific and Ministry of Transport of Viet Nam (MOT) 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population 0.00 - 0.05 g/dl b BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 - 0.05 g/dl b Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 81% Drivers c, 60% Passengers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Diªerent BAC limits are set depending on the type of vehicle used: for drivers of cars the BAC limit is set at 0.00g/dl while for drivers of motorcycles and mopeds the legal BAC limit is set at 0.05g/dl c 2013, Helmet observation in Ha Noi, BacNinh, Quang Ninh, Da Nang, Vinh Phuc, and Ho Chi Minh city Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 265 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Higher Trac Council Funded in budget Yes Road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 268 365 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 213 375 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 670 Heavy trucks 22 277 Buses 2 225 Other 28 818 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE Emergency care access number Single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 159 a (77% M, 23% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 252 (95% CI 189 - 333) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 5.3 a Police / Tra c Department, Annual Police Report. Died within 30 days of crash West Bank and Gaza Strip Population: 4 790 705 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 230 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 24% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 28% Cyclists 2% Pedestrians 33% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 3% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 3% Other 8% Source: 2016, Police / Tra c Department, Annual Police Report Source: Palestinian Statistics Authority and Police Department 0 2 4 6 8 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS Speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual Drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — Motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — Seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — Child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required Up to 14 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes c Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — Law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No Drug-driving law Yes b Not based on BAC c Law refers to a device of the type validated by the licensing authority to restrain children under 14 years Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 266 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth an d Ch ild Ca re . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Trac Safety Council of Zimbabwe, Ministry of Transport and Infrastructural Development Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for June 2017 1 198 584 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 953 852 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 46 734 Heavy trucks 123 706 Buses 15 007 Other 59 285 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 721 a (56% M, 44% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 5 601 (95% CI 4 602 - 6 599) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 34.7 a Zimbabwe Republic Police. Died within 30 days of crash Zimbabwe Population: 16 150 362 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 940 Trends in reported road tra c deathsDeaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 12% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 14% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 10% Pedestrians 14% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 18% Drivers and passengers of buses 19% Cyclists 12% Source: 2016, Zimbabwe Republic Police Source: Zimbabwe Republic Police 0 5 10 15 20 25 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h b Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b A 120 km/h speed limits applies on roads having a bituminous surface coat of 6 metres or more in width De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n
SECTION 3 EXPLANATORY NOTES AND STATISTICAL ANNEX EXPLANATORY NOTE 1 METHODOLOGY, DATA COLLECTION, VALIDATION AND ANALYSIS Explanatory Note 1GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 271 Methodology The methodology involved collecting data from a number of different sectors and stakeholders in each country according to the following process. National Data Coordinators (NDCs), who were nominated by their governments, were trained in the project methodology. As representatives of their governments, they were required to identify up to eight other road safety experts within their countries from different sectors (e.g. health, police, transport, nongovernmental organizations and/or academia), to facilitate a consensus meeting with the respondents as well as to support the overall management of data collection process. While each expert responded to the questionnaire based on their expertise, the consensus meeting allowed for discussion of all responses, and the group usedthisdiscussiQPtQCIreeQPQPefiPCNsetQHiPHQrOCtiQPthCtDestrepresePtedtheircQuPtr[ŨssituCtiQP at the time (up to 2017, using the most recent data available). This was then submitted to the World Health Organization (WHO) (see Figure E1). Figure E1: Methodology Global and regional level coordination National data coordinators Data from publicly accessible databases Legislative data NDC submits legislative document on 7 risk factors Legislative analysis carried out by WHO Headquarters National consensus meeting Global NCAP From the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) Global Health Estimates UN population division World Bank database iRAP One national dataset OHficiCNcNeCrCPce of questionnaire by relevant sector Validation of legislative analysis by NDC Questionnaire data Vehicle standards data Global databases Group of +/-8 respondents from different sectors (e.g. health, police, transport, NGOs or academia) 272 National Data Coordinators were asked to submit laws relating to the key behavioural risk factors1. All legislative documents were analysed by lawyers at WHO headquarters who extracted the relevant information needed to assess legislation against predetermined criteria. The legal analysis was then shared with National Data Coordinators and a validation process was undertaken to resolve any data conflicts through discussion and/or submission of new legal documents. A new addition to this report is the comparison of legislation status between December 2014 and December 2017 which gives an indication of the pace and nature of legislative changes for the behavioural risk factors reviewed. To ensure the accuracy of the comparison made, the situation at December 2014 was re-evaluated against relevant additional information and documents received in the GSRRS4 data collection process using harmonized interpretation methods. Changes in the legal data published in last report are detailed in the revision guide available at http://www. who.int/violence_injury_prevention/road_safety_status/2018/en. The methodology used to collect information on vehicle standards was also consistent with the previous report and based on information from the UN World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations2 and interpreted with technical support from Global New Car Assessment Programme (Global NCAP).3 The report includes data from 175 countries/areas out of a total of 195, covering 7.3 billion people (98.1% QHtheYQrNdŨspQpuNCtiQP 6hisiPcNudeshiIhiPcQOecQuPtriesOiddNeiPcQOecQuPtriesCPdǡNQY iPcQOecQuPtries see6CDNe' &CtCQPNeIisNCtiQPCPdpQNiciesrepresePtthecQuPtr[ŨssituCtiQPCsQH ǡ&eceODerYhiNedCtCQPHCtCNitiesCPdXehicNereIistrCtiQPCreHQrQrtheOQstrecePt[eCr for which these data were available. Table E1: Participation in the Global status report on road safety 2018 Region Number of participating countries Number of countries in region % population participating African Region 44 47 93.7 Region of the Americas 30 35 98.2 Eastern Mediterranean Region 19 22 95.5 European Region 51 53 99.9 South-East Asian Region 10 11 98.7 9esterP2Ccific4eIiQP 21 27 99.9 WORLD 175 195 98.1 1 These behavioural risk factors are speed, drink-driving, drug-driving, the use of mobile phones while driving, failure to use motorcycle helmets, seat-belts and child restraints 2 The UN World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations (World Forum the global body responsible for the development of passenger car safety standards), http://www.unece.org/trans/main/wp29/introduction.html 3 Global NCAP is a British organization that conducts testing programmes that will assess the safety of motor vehicles, http://www.globalncap.org/ 273 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Explanatory Note 1 Data collection and validation Questionnaire data The questionnaire used for this report was based on the questionnaire used in the previous report. However, some questions were modified to improve the quality of responses and some were added or deleted. The questionnaire can be downloaded with an accompanying instruction booklet on http://www.who.int/ violence_injury_prevention/road_safety_status/2018/methodology/en/. The questionnaire, protocol and accompanying guidelines and training materials were all available in the six WHO languages (Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish). Where needed, NDCs coordinated the translation of these documents into local languages and then translated back into English for the data entry stage. All data were entered into an on-line database from where data could be extracted for analysis. Data collection began in May 2016 and was completed by December 2017. Data validation involved verifying the data against source documents where available and checking for logical inconsistencies. Discrepancies were referred back to the National Data Coordinators where possible for resolution. Following the validation process, the questionnaire data was submitted by the National Data Coordinator to an online database. Final questionnaires were generated from the online data and were sent to respective governments for review and sign-off. Fatality data Estimates on number of road traffic deaths relied in part on data from questionnaires as well as from other sources (see Explanatory Note 3). However, countries/areas were also asked to provide a breakdown of deaths by road user type. These proportions (where available) are reflected in the country profiles (see Explanatory Note 2) and were derived from: ´ Country reported data in the current questionnaire; ´ If not available from questionnaires, data that countries reported for the previous reports were used. These values were then aggregated into regional and global estimates of deaths by road user type. 274 Legislative data and maps 6hisrepQrtcQNNectediPHQrOCtiQPQPCPuODerQHXCriCDNesreNCtiPItQNeIisNCtiQPQPthefiXeMe[DehCXiQurCN risk factors (speed, drink-driving, failure to use helmets, seat-belts and child restraints) as well as on two emerging risk factors, drug-driving and the use of mobile phones while driving. Criteria analysed for each risk factor are detailed in Table E2 while the interpretation methods for each risk HCctQrCredetCiNediP'ZpNCPCtQr[0QteQPthecQuPtr[prQfiNes The information collected was presented in various ways including: ´ %QuPtr[prQfiNesrepresePtiPICsuOOCr[QHiPHQrOCtiQPHQreCchcQuPtr[ ´ Statistical annex, representing the full data set for each country; ´ Legislative maps, showing an overview of the situation worldwide for each risk factor. In order to code the countries for the legislative maps, three categories were used: ´ Countries4 whose national laws meet all the criteria for best practice: shown in green – criteria considered as representing best practices in light of available evidence5 are highlighted, for each risk factor, in green in Table E2; ´ Countries4 whose national laws are encouraging but where additional efforts are needed for best practice to be met: shown in yellow; ´ Countries4 whose national laws require strong steps to be taken in order to improve their legislation: shown in red. 4 Or, in countries where laws are set at subnational level, where 80% of subnational entities meet selected criteria, except for The Federated States of Micronesia where the threshold was set at 75% as there are 4 subnational entities 2edeP/etCNeditQrs9QrNdrepQrtQPrQCdtrCHficiPLur[preXePtiQP)ePeXC9QrNd*eCNthOrICPi\CtiQP 275 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Explanatory Note 1 Vehicle standard data Data on vehicle standards were collected using information from the UN World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations, the primary global body responsible for the development of passenger car safety. Technical support on analysing and interpreting this data was provided by Global NCAP7. Note that while these data are based on international regulations, in some countries where national regulations are considered to be equivalent to the UN standards (US, Canada, Republic of Korea, China, India, Brazil) these data are used instead. The data collected were based on the following eight variables: ´ Frontal impact: UN regulation 94. Note that US regulation 208 is considered equivalent. ´ Side impact: UN regulation 95. Note that US regulation 214 is considered equivalent. ´ 'NectrQPic5tCDiNit[%QPtrQN 70reIuNCtiQP*0QtethCt75reIuNCtiQP(/855iscQPsideredeSuiXCNePt ´ Pedestrian protection: UN Regulation 127 ´ 5eCtDeNts 70reIuNCtiQP0QtethCt75reIuNCtiQP(/855iscQPsideredeSuiXCNePt ´ Seat-belt anchorages: UN regulation 14. Note that US regulation FMVSS 210 is considered equivalent. ´ Child restraints: UN regulations 44 and 129. Note that US regulation FMVSS213 is considered equivalent. ´ Motorcycle anti-lock braking system UN Regulation 78. More information on each of these regulations is included in Section 3. Data on the three variables considered to be particularly important among these seven (frontal impact, electronic stability control and pedestrian prQtectiQP CreiPcNudediPthecQuPtr[prQfiNes6hereOCiPiPIXCriCDNesCreshQYPiPthe6CDNe#QHthe statistical annex. *QstedD[the7Pited0CtiQPs'cQPQOic%QOOissiQPHQr'urQpe 70'%' the709QrNd(QruOHQr*CrOQPi\CtiQPQH8ehicNe4eIuNCtiQPs 9QrNd(QruOthe global body responsible for the development of passenger car safety standards). http://www.unece.org/trans/main/wp29/introduction.html 7 Global New Car Assessment Programme (Global NCAP) is a British organization that conducts testing programmes that will assess the safety of motor vehicles. http://www.globalncap.org/ 276 Table E2: Legislative criteria assessed relating to seven behavioural risk factors Risk factors Legislative criteria assessed Speed National speed law in place Speed limits on urban roads ≤ 50 km/h Local authorities have the power to modify national speed limits Speed limit on rural roads Speed limits on motorways Drink-driving National drink-driving law in place Drink-driving law is based on BAC or equivalent BrAC BAC limit for general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit for young/ novice drivers ≤ 0.02 g/dl BAC limit for commercial/ professional drivers Motorcycle helmets National motorcycle helmet law in place Law applies to motorcycle drivers and adult passengers Law applies to all road types Law applies to all engine types Law requires helmet to be properly fastened Law refers to and/or specifies a helmet standard Law restricts child passengers on motorcycles Seat-belts National seat-belt law in place Law applies to drivers and front seat passengers Law applies to rear seat passengers Child restraints National child restraint law in place Law requires child restraint use at least until 10 yrs /135cm Law refers to and/or specifies a child restraint standard Law restricts children under a certain age or height from sitting in front seat Drug-driving National Drug-driving law in place Mobile phones National law on mobile phone while driving is in place Law applies to hand-held phones Law applies to hands-free phones Risk factors Criteria representing best practices Additional criteria presented in the country profile and/or the statistical annex
EXPLANATORY NOTE 2 COUNTRY/AREA PROFILES Explanatory Note 2GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 279 6hecQuPtr[prQfiNesshQYPQPpCIespresePtCseNectiQPQHcQreiPHQrOCtiQPCDQutrQCdsCHet[ CsrepQrtedD[eCchQHthepCrticipCtiPIcQuPtries/CreCs6hecQuPtr[prQfiNesCrepresePtediPCNphCDeticCN order. Additional national data can also be found in the Tables of the Statistical Annexes (Tables A2–A12). Data reported for population were extracted from the United Nations Population Division database8ǡ YhiNe IrQssPCtiQPCNiPcQOe )0+ percCpitCHQrthe[eCrcCOeHrQO9QrNd$CPMestiOCtes9ǡ 9herePQ dCtCYereCXCiNCDNeHQrpuDNisheddCtCHQrtheNCtest[eCrYereused6he9QrNd$CPM#tNCsOethQd was used to categorize GNI into bands thus: ´ .QYiPcQOe 75ǡQrNess ´ /iddNeiPcQOe 75ǡtQ75ǡ ´ *iIhiPcQOe 75ǡQrOQre Flags were obtained from the World Flag Database10. Flags and country names were the latest available CtthetiOeQHfiPCNi\iPItherepQrt 5epteODer 6hesectiQPsDeNQYreHNecttheYC[iPHQrOCtiQPisstructurediPeCchQHthe%QuPtr[2rQfiNes6he[iPcNude details on how data on certain variables are presented and should be interpreted. Variables were coded CsūťŬiHtheiPHQrOCtiQPYCsuPCXCiNCDNeQrPQPCppNicCDNeQriHrespQPdePtshCdticMedCū&QPŨtMPQYŬ response. Dates provided for data sources refer to the year in which these data were published, rather than the year that the data relate to, unless indicated otherwise. Data collected by questionnaire were submitted through a consensus meeting (unless otherwise indicated). 'CchcQuPtr[prQfiNeiPdicCtesthe/iPistr[thCtCpprQXedthisSuestiQPPCiredCtC uPNessQtherYiseiPdicCted &CtCQPNeIisNCtiQPYereDCsedQP9*OŨsCssessOePtCPdeZtePsiXeXCNidCtiQPQHthisiPHQrOCtiQPYith 0CtiQPCN&CtC%QQrdiPCtQrsCNthQuIhitYCsPQtQHficiCNN[cNeCredD[theIQXerPOePt/iPistr[ 8 Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat (June 2017). World population Prospects: The 2017 Revision, Highlights. New York: United Nations 9 World Development Indicators database, World Bank, November 2017 http://databank.worldbank.org/data/download/site-content/CLASS.xls 10 http://www.flags.net 280 Institutional framework A lead agency is considered to be the institution (either stand alone, or within a Ministry) that coordinates road safety at a national level. Information on the existence of a national road safety strategy is indicated as “Yes” or “No”. Where countries have multiple national strategies on road safety this is always represented as “Yes”. Where countries indicated they have a fatality reduction target, information on this target is included as well as the relevant time period. Specific fatality targets are indicated either as absolute numbers of deaths, or as a rate per 100 000 population or per vehicle registered, depending on availability. Safer roads and mobility ´ Information on audits or star rating of new road infrastructure projects is reported as “Yes”, “No”, or Partial. ´ Information on inspections/star ratings of existing road infrastructure projects is reported as “Yes” or “No”. Yes responses where those where respondents answered Yes for existence of formal road safety inspections and/or existence of star rating assessments. Those countries for which respondents answered Yes only for existence of maintenance safety inspections are reported as No. ´ Design standards for the safety of pedestrians and cyclists is reported as “Yes”, “No”, or “Partial”. “Yes” responses included the provision of the following: Managing speed to safe system outcomes (e.g. 20 mph or 30 km/h); Safe crossings for pedestrians and cyclists; and Separation of pedestrians and cyclists from vehicular traffic. If 1-2 of the provisions were met, responses are reflected as “Partial”. Safer vehicles Total registered vehicles for 2016: Information about the total number of vehicles in the country includes only registered vehicles, and various categories of such vehicles. This is a cumulative number of vehicles in circulation in 2016 (or the most recent year for which data were available) not the number of vehicles brought into circulation in a particular year. In some cases where new data were not available, the figure from the 2015 Global status report has been used and footnoted to indicate this source. In a few countries the number of vehicles in subcategories did not add up to the total number provided. In some countries, respondents noted that a substantial proportion of the vehicle fleet may not be registered. 281 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Explanatory Note 2 Vehicle standards applied: Information on vehicle standards presented in this report is derived from UNECE11 and comprise the following: ´ Frontal impact standard (UN Regulation 94 or equivalent national standard), an important minimum standard for crashworthiness; ´ Electronic stability control and anti-skid system (Regulation 13H or GTR 8), relevant to crash avoidance; ´ Pedestrian protection (Regulation 127 or GTR 9), important for protection of non-car occupants involved in a crash; and ´ Motorcycle anti-lock braking system (Regulation 78) which help the rider maintain control of the motorcycle vehicle during an emergency braking situation Post-crash care ´ National emergency care access number is reported as “National, single number”, “National multiple number”, and “Partial coverage”. Countries with “National, single number” comprised those that had one single emergency care services access number with total country coverage, and also those having some additional numbers with partial coverage. Countries with “National multiple numbers” comprised those that had multiple emergency care services access numbers that, taken together, provide total country coverage. Countries with “Partial coverage” comprised those that had one or more emergency care services access numbers with partial country coverage overall with areas of the country remaining uncovered. ´ 6rCuOCreIistr[XCriCDNeiPdicCtesYhetherthereYCsCreIistr[iPpNCceCPdPQtYhetheritYCsreIiQPCNǡ/ national or sentinel in nature. ´ (QrOCNcertificCtiQPpCthYC[HQrprehQspitCNprQXidersreHerstQC)QXerPOePtQr)QXerPOePtePdQrsed pCthYC[HQrOedicstechPiciCPsPursesQrQtherstQDespecificCNN[certifiedCsprehQspitCNprQXiders ´ Assessment of emergency care systems conducted at the national level comprised the comprehensive assessment of the prehospital and facility-based emergency care systems. 11 http://www.unece.org/trans/main/wp29/introduction.html 282 Data ´ Reported numbers of road traffic deaths are included in the Country Profiles, with a footnote to indicate the source of data and the definition of a road traffic death that was used. ´ The estimated number of road traffic deaths is included based on the methodology described in Explanatory Note 3. Where this number was based on a negative binomial regression model, a 95% Confidence Interval is also shown. ´ The estimated rate per 100 000 population is based on the estimated number of road traffic deaths referred to above. ´ Data on the breakdown by sex may be from a different source to the official road traffic data and are converted to proportions. The proportion of deaths where the sex was unknown has not been reported in the profiles. As a result, proportions may not add up to 100% due to remaining proportions being due to cases of unknown sex. Proportions may also not add up to 100% due to rounding off or when partial information was available (indicated in a footnote). ´ Reported fatality data from different countries are not necessarily comparable, as different definitions and timeframes have been used (these are noted in the footnotes or in brackets behind the data). However, the WHO estimates (both absolute numbers and rate per 100 000) allow for comparisons between countries. For more information on the fatality data see Explanatory Note 3. ´ The standard colour coding of the pie charts used to represent road user deaths in the categories requested in the questionnaire is shown below. Additional categories are represented by non-standard colours as indicated in the specific Country Profiles. ´ Graphs on reported road traffic fatality trends are shown either as road traffic death rates per 100 000 population (solid line) or as an absolute number of road traffic deaths (dotted line), depending on which data were supplied by the country. While many countries track decades’ worth of trend data, only a 10-year period is depicted here. ´ For countries providing less than 5 years’ road traffic fatality trend data, this information is presented in a tabular format instead of a graph. 283 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Explanatory Note 2 ´ For countries with small populations where the numbers of deaths are under 50, absolute numbers of deaths rather than rates are shown. Note that in cases where data were only available for regions within a country, this information is indicated in a footnote. Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles Occupants 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers Drivers motorized 2- or 3-wheelers Pillion riders Cyclists Pedestrians Drivers/passengers heavy trucks Drivers/passengers buses Other/uspecified Drivers (all vehicles) Passengers (all vehicles) Drivers and passengers (all vehicles) Safer road users Data provided in this section is extracted from the questionnaire and the legislative analysis undertaken by WHO Headquarters in collaboration with NDCs. Enforcement: respondents were asked, as individuals, to rate the effectiveness of enforcement of various elements of national road safety legislation based on their professional opinion or perception. These responses – on a scale of 0 to 10, where 0 is “not effective” and 10 is “highly effective” – are reflected here. A median of these scores is presented. Median enforcement figures are rounded off. It should be noted that these scores are subjective and should be seen only as an indication of how enforcement is perceived in the country. Many respondents expressed difficulty in assessing law enforcement at a national level since it often varies from region to region within a country and the intensity of the enforcement may vary at different times. Some countries did not wish to provide enforcement scores. Speed: Speed limits reported here (and in the statistical tables) are the default speed limits on urban roads, rural roads and motorways for private passenger cars. The speed limits have been, where needed, converted to kilometres per hour. ‘Default speed limit’ was interpreted as the maximum speed limit applying in normal circumstances (regardless of weather, roadworks, special events, etc.) on the road type considered. 284 #srQCdcNCssificCtiQPsXCr[IreCtN[HrQOcQuPtr[tQcQuPtr[0CtiQPCN&CtC%QQrdiPCtQrsYereCsMedtQ cQPfirOQrcQrrectspeedNiOitsrepQrtediPtheNeICNCPCN[sisHQrthediHHerePtt[pesQHrQCdsCccQrdiPItQthe defiPitiQPsusediPthecQuPtr[cQPcerPed+PcQuPtriesYhere0CtiQPCN&CtC%QQrdiPCtQrshCXeiPdicCted that motorways do not exist in their country, this is noted with a footnote. In some countries, the legislation does not articulate speed limits by road type but only by vehicle type. +PthesecQuPtriesthespeedNiOitprQXidedHQrpriXCtepCssePIercCrsisrepQrtediPthecQuPtr[prQfiNeCPd statistical annex for all road types, with a footnote indicating that this is a speed limit set per vehicle type and not based on the road type. The criterion «local authorities able to modify speed limit» is answered Yes if the speed limit can be altered at NQcCNNeXeNiPCP[YC[ decreCsedCPd/QriPcreCsed 6hedefiPitiQPQHNQcCNCuthQritiesisiPterpretedDrQCdN[ as any entity that is not from the central system of government (i.e. not from a national ministry) having a jurisdiction over a local area whether the local area is a region, a province, a district, a department or a city. This criterion is automatically answered Yes for countries in which laws are set at subnational level if at least 80% of subnational entities of the country have set their own speed laws.12 Drink-driving: Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) limits (or breath alcohol limits converted to BAC limits) refer to the maximum amount of alcohol legally acceptable in the blood of a driver on the road – i.e. theDNQQdCNcQhQNNeXeNCDQXeYhichCdriXerOC[DepuPishedD[NCY6hisfiIureisprQXidedHQrtheIePerCN population, and for young/novice drivers in grams per decilitre (g/dl). This survey gathered information on drink-driving laws regardless of the legal status of alcohol in the country. Where alcohol consumption was NeICNN[prQhiDitediPCcQuPtr[CsrepQrtediPthefiPCNcQuPtr[SuestiQPPCirethisisiPdicCtedD[CHQQtPQte BAC limits are reported with a dash (“—”) for countries that have a drink-driving law that is not based on blood (or equivalent breath) alcohol concentration, and with a corresponding footnote. ´ 6heuseQHrCPdQODreCthtestiPIisiPdicCtedDCsedQPcQuPtriesŨrepQrtsQHYhetherQrPQtsuchtestiPI iscCrriedQutiPprCctice6hQsecQuPtriesYhereNeIisNCtiQPspecificCNN[prQhiDitspriOCr[ePHQrceOePt of drink-driving laws, and thus random breath testing, are indicated as such in a footnote. ´ Deaths attributable to drink-driving were included only when the estimate was based on a published source. In many cases these are not national estimates (as indicated in the source). These estimates are rounded up. 12 Or in the case of Micronesia (Federated States of), if at least 75% of the subnational entities have enacted speed laws 285 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Explanatory Note 2 Motorcycle helmets: A country is interpreted as having a helmet law covering all riders where the law requires helmet use for both the driver and the (adult) passenger, on all road types and for all types of motorcycles (regardless of engine type). A reference to « riders » in the law is understood to include both drivers and passengers. Countries where helmet laws apply only to certain types of roads, at certain times or in certain areas were interpreted as not providing sufficient coverage to be considered as applying to all drivers and passengers. The criteria «Law refers to and/or specifies a helmet standard» is answered Yes if the law refers to: ´ a specific standard (such as ECE 22 or a national standard), or ´ an authority in charge of setting such a standard, or ´ regulations or rules to specify or develop a standard. Information on the actual adoption of the regulations prescribing a helmet standard was not always available; in case where the NDCs indicated that the standard had not yet been set, a corresponding footnote was included in the country profile. The criteria « children passengers on motorcycles » shows whether a country restricts children as passengers on motorcycles and if yes, for what age group. For information on motorcycle helmet rates (derived from the final country questionnaires), these data were included only when a published source was indicated. The most disaggregated data are presented here, i.e. separate figures are provided for drivers and passengers where this information was provided. Note that the information provided for drivers and passengers does not necessarily represent the same year, nor come from the same source, as indicated in the corresponding footnotes. The data on passenger rates refer to adult passengers unless otherwise indicated. In many cases these are not national estimates (as indicated in the source). Seat-belts: A country is interpreted as having a seat-belt law covering all occupants where the law requires seat-belt use for the driver, front seat passenger and rear seat passengers at all times and on all roads. Countries where seat-belt laws apply only at certain times or on certain roads were interpreted as having a national seat belt law not applying to all occupants. 286 For information on seat-belt wearing rates (derived from the final country questionnaires), these data were included only when a published source was indicated. Where available, information on wearing rates disaggregated by front and rear seat occupants was used. Where respondents provided explanatory information on these data, for example, a source or information on geographical coverage, this information is summarized in the footnotes. Note that the information provided for front seat and rear seat occupants does not necessarily represent the same year, nor come from the same source, as indicated in the corresponding footnotes. Child restraints: A country is interpreted as having a child restraint law where the country requires the mandatory use of child restraint systems for an identified group of children based on either their height and/or their age and/or their weight. Child restraints include rear-facing child restraints, forward facing child restraints as well as booster seats. Regular (adult) seat-belts, on their own, are not counted as appropriate child restraints. Countries whose legislation required that children within a certain age group/height be restrained either by a seat-belt or in a child restraint use were reported as not having a child restraint law for this age group/height. Countries that referred to child restraint use for children seated in the front only (and not in the rear) were reported as not having a child restraint law. Countries that referred to either child restraint use or “other means” were considered as not meeting the criteria “standard”, and this detail was reflected in a footnote in the country profile. The age and/or height reported for the criteria “child restraint required” corresponds to the period for which only child restraint systems are allowed to restrain children (i.e. no other form of restraint is allowed such as seat-belts only, “other means” etc.). The criterion «Law refers to and/or specifies a standard» is answered Yes if the law refers to: ´ a specific standard (such as ECE 44 or ECE 129), or ´ an authority in charge of setting such a standard, or ´ regulations or rules to specify or develop a standard. Information on the actual adoption of the regulations prescribing a standard was not always available; in case where the NDCs indicated that the standard had not yet been set, a corresponding footnote was included in the country profile. 287 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Explanatory Note 2 The criterion « children seated in front » shows whether a country restricts children as passengers in the front seat and if so, what is the restriction set (complete ban, or subject to placing the child in a restraint) and for which age group. Information on rates of child restraint use (derived from the final country questionnaires) are presented when a source was provided for the estimate and are included in the most disaggregated form available. Most countries that provided this data, however, had data on children in restraints that was not broken down by age group. Note that where multiple studies are available this information does not necessarily represent the same year, nor come from the same source, as indicated in the corresponding footnotes. References 1. Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat (June 2017). World population Prospects: The 2017 Revision, Highlights. New York: United Nations. 2. World Development Indicators database, World Bank, November 2017. http://databank.worldbank.org/data/reports.aspx?source=World-Development-Indicators EXPLANATORY NOTE 3 ESTIMATION OF TOTAL ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS Explanatory Note 3GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 289 Background During the process of preparing the fourth Global status report on road safety, WHO generated estimates QHrQCdtrCHficdeCthsHQrHQrCNN/eODer5tCtes4QCdtrCHficdeCthsYereestiOCtedD[DuiNdiPIQP the methods used in the third global report by improving and updating the database of vital registration, the data collection instrument (survey) and the database of the covariates for regressions. These estimates were used to generate regional and global estimates, while estimates for individual countries are included in the report only for the 175 countries that participated in the survey. Death registration information is submitted to WHO regularly by Ministries of Health from around the world, CPdOQstiscQdedusiPIthe+PterPCtiQPCN%NCssificCtiQPQH&iseCsesth or 10th revisions (1, 2, 3). Using this cNCssificCtiQPCNNdeCthsthCtHQNNQYHrQOCrQCdtrCHficdeCthCrecQuPtedCssuchreICrdNessQHthetiOe periQdiPYhichthe[Qccur uPNiMeOCP[QHficiCNrQCdtrCHficsurXeiNNCPcedCtCsQurcesYhererQCdtrCHfic deCthdCtCCreDCsedQPCdC[defiPitiQPHQNNQYiPICrQCdtrCHficcrCsh 9*OCppNiescertCiPcriteriCtQ ascertain the quality of this death registration data and where the death registration data were considered to be of high quality these data were used for this report13. For those countries without such good vital registration data, and for which other sources of information on causes of death were unavailable14, the estimates were based on covariates (some collected in the surXe[QH/eODer5tCtesQthersHrQOCXCiNCDNepuDNishedsQurces 6hereIressiQPOQdeNsYerefittedtQ dCtCHQrtheperiQdŤCtiOeseriesHQreCchcQXCriCteYCsusedHQrthisperiQdHQreCch/eODer 5tCtes6heiOprQXedreIressiQPOQdeNestiOCtedrQCdtrCHficdeCths CNNCIesDQthseZes CsCHuPctiQPQH a set of covariates that include measures of economic development, road transport factors and legislation, road use and safety governance/enforcement and health system access. Due to the availability of new data, and updated time series for many covariates used in the regression, estiOCtesHQrtheHuNNtiOeserieshCXeDeePreXised*ePcethe9*OestiOCtesCrePQtdirectN[ comparable to previous WHO estimates published in the previous global status reports on road safety (4, 5). 6heestiOCtiQPrepresePtstheDestestiOCtesQH9*OHQrHCtCNitiesthCtQccurredduriPICPd earlier years, based on the evidence available up to September 2018. These estimates are not necessarily theQHficiCNestiOCtesQH/eODer5tCtesHQrthCt[eCrCPdCrePQtPecessCriN[ePdQrsedD[/eODer5tCtes However, during the preparation of the report a consultation letter was sent to each Member State that 13 For details on criteria used to assess quality of vital registration data see reference 3 and Explanatory Note in references 4 and 5. 14 However, in some countries other sources of information on deaths were used: where total deaths reported from the national surveillance system were greater than the deaths estimated from the regression or from the death registration data, these were used. 290 participated in this fourth Global status report on road safety explaining the methodology used during this estimation process and the latest data used for this purpose. In order to allow global and regional comparisons to previous years, the global and regional estimates for previous years were recalculated based on the new data and methods used for 2016. Approaches to estimation As in the second and third reports, there are four groups of countries and the estimation methodology for each group is described in detail below. 1. Countries with death registration data This group includes 86 countries with death registration data meeting the following completeness criteria: completeness for the year estimated at 80% or more, or average completeness for the decade including the country-year was 80% or more. Total road traffic deaths were calculated from the death registration data and population data reported to WHO as follows. Injury deaths classified as “undetermined intent” were redistributed pro-rata across all unintentional and intentional injury categories within age-sex groups. These data were then used to compute age-sex-specific death rates for road traffic deaths. Where completeness was assessed at less than 100%, death rates were adjusted for incompleteness by multiplying by (100/ completeness %). These death rates were applied to the UN estimates of population by 5-year age group and sex (World Population Prospects 2016) to estimate total road traffic deaths for each country-year. These countries fall into three categories: ´ Countries with death registration data for year 2016 where the estimated road traffic deaths for 2016 exceeded number reported from the surveillance system. The death-registration based estimate is used. This category contains 9 countries. ´ Countries where the latest death registration data submitted to WHO is earlier than 2015 but not earlier than 2007. Deaths in year 2016 were estimated based on a projection of the most recent death registration data using the trends in reported surveillance data: this category contains 54 countries. ´ Countries where the reported number of road traffic deaths adjusted to unlimited time for 2016 exceeded the estimate based on death registration data. For 23 countries, the reported road traffic deaths were used for year 2016. 291 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Explanatory Note 3 2. Countries with other sources of information on causes of death For India, Thailand and Viet Nam, data on total deaths by cause were available for a single year or very few earlier years. These data sources are documented in Annex B of the Global Burden of Disease: 2004 update report (WHO 2008) and as well as some more recent studies submitted to WHO. For these countries, the regression method described below was used to project forward from the most recent year for which an estimate of total road traffic deaths was available. 3. Countries with populations less than 150 000 For 9 small countries with populations less than 150 000 and which did not have eligible death registration data, regression estimates were not used. The reported deaths were used directly without adjustment. 4. Countries without eligible death registration data For these countries without death registration data at least 80% complete and with populations greater than 150 000, a regression model was used to estimate total road traffic deaths. As for the first report, we used a negative binomial regression model, appropriate for modeling non-negative integer count data (number of road traffic deaths) (Law 2009, Hilbe 2007). A likelihood ratio test was used to assess that the negative binomial model provided a better fit to the data than a Poisson model (where the variance of the data is constrained to equal the mean). (1) lnN = C + β1X1 + β2X2 + ... + βnXn + lnPop + ε where N is the total road traffic deaths (for a country-year), C is a constant term, Xi are a set of explanatory covariates, Pop is the population for the country-year, and ε is the negative binomial error term. Population was used as exposure, making it possible to interpret the coefficients (βi) for the independent variables as effects on rates rather than a count. In a previous study, this type of model was used to represent «accident proneness» (Greenwood and Yule, 1920). Karlaftis and Tarko (1998) have also found a negative binomial regression model to be the appropriate for count data such as road traffic fatalities. The parameters β1, β2, β3 ··· βn (equation 1) were estimated by fitting the negative binomial regression model to estimated total road traffic deaths for all country-years in the range 2000-2016 meeting the completeness criteria. by using the number of road of traffic deaths from countries from group 1 described above. We chose three models (Models A, B and C) that had good in-sample- and out-of-sample fit, and for 292 which all the covariates were statistically significant and overall estimation is the average of the prediction of these three best models. The table below describes the covariates used for our model: Table E3: Covariates used in the model Independent variables Description Source of information Included in models ln (GDP) World Development Indicators (2017) and WHO estimates of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita (international dollars or purchasing power parity dollars, 2011 base) World bank and WHO database Models A, B, C ln (vehicles per capita) Total vehicles per 1000 persons GSRRS surveys and WHO database Models A, B, C Road density Total roads (km) per 1000 hectares International Futures database Models A, B, C National speed limits on rural roads The maximum national speed limits on rural roads (km/h) from WHO questionnaire GSRRS survey Models A, B, C National speed limits on urban roads The maximum national speed limits on urban roads (km/h) from WHO questionnaire GSRRS survey Models A, B, C Health system access Health system access variable (principal component score based on a set of coverage indicators for each country) Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation dataset Models A, B, C Alcohol apparent consumption Liters of alcohol (recorded plus unrecorded) per adult aged 15+ WHO database Models A, B, C Population working Proportion of population aged 15–64 years World Population Prospects 2017 revision Models A, B, C Percentage motorbikes Per cent of total vehicles that are motorbikes GSRRS survey Model B Corruption index Control of corruption index (units range from about -2.5 to +2.5 with higher values corresponding to better control of corruption World Bank (Kaufmann et al 2009), International Futures database Model B National policies for walking /cycling Existence of national policies that encourage walking and / or cycling GSRRS survey Model C Population Total population (used as offset in negative binomial regression World Population Prospects 2017 revision (UNDESA) Models A, B, C 293 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Explanatory Note 3 Table E4: Overview of methods used to obtain comparable country estimates Estimation method Country GROUP 1 Countries/areas with good death registration data Argentina, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China (14, 15), Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechia, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Estonia, Fiji, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Guyana, Hungary, Iceland, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Maldives, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Montenegro, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Oman, Panama, Paraguay, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Republic of Korea, Republic of Moldova, Romania, Russian Federation, Saint Lucia, Serbia, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), West Bank and Gaza Strip GROUP 2 Countries with other sources of cause of death information India (16,17,18), Thailand, Viet Nam GROUP 3 Countries with populations less than 150 000 Antigua and Barbuda, Cook Islands, Dominica, Grenada, Kiribati, Micronesia (Federated States of), San Marino, Seychelles, Tonga GROUP 4 Countries without eligible death registration data Afghanistan, Albania, Angola, Armenia, Bangladesh, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cabo Verde, Cambodia, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Honduras, Indonesia, Iraq, Jordan, Kenya, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Mauritania, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Rwanda, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Sudan, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Syrian Arab Republic, Tajikistan, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, United Republic of Tanzania, Vanuatu, Zimbabwe 294 References 1. World Health Organization. International Classification of Diseases – 9th Revision. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1975. 2. World Health Organization. International Classification of Diseases – 10th Revision. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1990. 3. The global burden of disease: 2004 update. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2008 (http://www. who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/2004_report_update/en/ , accessed 15 September 2015). 4. Global status report on road safety: time for action. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2009. 5. Global status report on road safety 2013 Supporting a Decade of Action. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2013.Global status report on road safety 2015. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2015 6. Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat (June 2013). World population Prospects: The 2012 Revision, Highlights. New York: United Nations. 7. Law TH. The effects of political governance, policy measures and economic growth on the Kuznets relationship in motor vehicle crash deaths. Ph.D thesis, University of London, 2009. 8. Hilbe JM. Negative Binomial Regression. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2007. 9. Greenwood M. Yule GU. An enquiry into the nature of frequency distributions representative of multiple happenings with particular reference to the occurrence of multiple attacks of disease or of repeated accidents. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society (Series A), 1920, 83, 255-279. 10. Karlaftis MG., Tarko AP. Heterogeneity considerations in accident modeling. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 1998, 30:425-433. 295 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Explanatory Note 3 11. The International Futures (IFs) modeling system, version 6.5.4. Frederick S. Pardee Center for International Futures, Josef Korbel School of International Studies, University of Denver, www.ifs.du.edu. 12. Myerson R et al. Safe pregnancy and delivery: a systematic analysis of the trends in the coverage of antenatal and intrapartumcare. Presentation at Global Health Metrics and Evaluation Conference 2011: Controversies, Innovation, Accountability, Seattle, Washington, 14–16 March 2011. 13. Kaufmann D, Kraay A, Mastruzzi M. Governance Matters VIII: Governance Indicators for 1996-2008. World Bank Policy Research. 2009 14. Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 全国疾病监测系统死 因监测数据集 [National Disease Surveillance System monitoring causes of death 2012]. Beijing, Military Medical Science Press, 2013. 15. Vital registration data received from Center for Health Statistics and Information Ministry of Healthy, Beijing, China. 16. Causes of death in India in 2001–2003. New Delhi, Registrar General of India, Government of India, 2009. 17. Aleksandrowicz L, Malhotra V, Dikshit R, Gupta P, Kumar R, Sheth J, Rathi S, Suraweera W, Miasnikof P, Jotkar R, Sinha D, Awasthi S, Bhatia P, Jha P. Performance criteria for verbal autopsy-based systems to estimate national causes of death: development and application to the Indian Million Death Study. BMC Medicine 2014, 12:21 18. Registrar General of India and the Centre for Global Health Research. Causes of Death Statistics for India 2010-2013. A Joint Report of the Registrar General of India and the Centre for Global Health Research. Government of India Ministry of Home Affairs – Sample Registration System, 2015. (http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011- common/Sample_Registration_System.html) STATISTICAL ANNEX 297 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 TABLE A1: NATIONAL DATA COORDINATORS BY COUNTRY / AREA AND WHO REGION Country / Area Region Name of National data coordinator(s) Angola Africa Noélia Loureiro Teixeira Benin Africa Ismaël Mohamed Hoteyi Botswana Africa Amos Kgwefane Motshegwe Burkina Faso Africa Casimir Sanon Burundi Africa Godefroid Kamwenubusa Cabo Verde Africa António Joao Gomes dos Santos Cameroon Africa Christophe Abouna Central African Republic Africa Paul Balekouzou Chad Africa Mahamat Gocke Comoros Africa Nassif Kaissane Congo Africa Yoga Itoua Yoyo Ambianzi Côte d’Ivoire Africa Tidjane Amadou Kamagate Democratic Republic of the Congo Africa Christophe Mwaluka Equatorial Guinea Africa Salvador Emana Edu Eritrea Africa Kahsay Araya Ghebretensae Eswatini Africa Nokuthula Mahlalela Ethiopia Africa Ebriza Mudesir Gabon Africa Vladimir Soami Gambia Africa Essa Drammeh Ghana Africa Gabriel Adu-Sarpong Guinea Africa Luc Kezely Beavogui Guinea-Bissau Africa Cristovao Manjuba Kenya Africa Gladwell Gathecha Lesotho Africa Sejojo Phaaroe Liberia Africa Fulton Shannon II Madagascar Africa 'uNCNie4C\CfiPdrCPC\[ Malawi Africa Jones Kaponda Masiye Mali Africa Ousmane Maiga Mauritania Africa Moussa Abdellahi Mauritius Africa Mahmad Saeed Jewon Mozambique Africa Napoleao Salomao Sumbane Namibia Africa Laina Shigwedha Niger Africa Abdou Abdoul-Aziz Nigeria Africa Kayode Olagunju Rwanda Africa Dominique Rurangirwa Sao Tome and Principe Africa Celso Matos Senegal Africa Bineta Sene Seychelles Africa Patrick Andre South Africa Africa 4efiNYe/QPICNe South Sudan Africa Komuri Lea Muja Ayub Togo Africa Kossi Dzinyefa Atabuh Uganda Africa Benedict Byamugisha 298 Country / Area Region Name of National data coordinator(s) United Republic of Tanzania Africa Tabitha Makaranga Zimbabwe Africa Lee Nkala Antigua and Barbuda Americas Valarie Williams Argentina Americas Veronica Heler Barbados Americas Denise Carter Taylor Belize Americas Jesse Chun Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Americas Ana María Suxo Brazil Americas Cheila Marina de Lima Canada Americas Paul Boase Chile Americas Carla Medina Aros Colombia Americas Andrea Acero Álvarez Costa Rica Americas Teresa Guzmán Cuba Americas Yania Pla Ramírez Dominica Americas Shalauddin Ahmed Dominican Republic Americas Miguelina Figueroa Ecuador Americas Klever Almerida El Salvador Americas Silvia Argentina Morán de Garcia Grenada Americas Shawn Charles Guatemala Americas Yonni Aguilar Guyana Americas Ramona Doorgen Honduras Americas Dario Roberto Cálix Alvarado Jamaica Americas Andriene Grant Mexico Americas Ricardo Pérez Núñez Panama Americas Rey Fuentes Rodríguez Paraguay Americas Alberto Didier Gonzalez Cabello Peru Americas Joel Gilberto Collazos Carhuay Saint Lucia Americas Phil Leon Suriname Americas Johanna Lakhisaran Trinidad and Tobago Americas Carla Ruiz United States of America Americas Ann Dellinger Uruguay Americas Pablo Posada Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Americas Sarai Patricia Castro Gilly Afghanistan Eastern Mediterranean Adiba Adib Egypt Eastern Mediterranean Ramy Gameel Saied Elnazer Iran (Islamic Republic of) Eastern Mediterranean Mashyaneh Haddadi Iraq Eastern Mediterranean Shakir Kadhim Rubayi Katea Jordan Eastern Mediterranean Mohammad Zaal Mousa Aloudat, Malek Ayed Falah Alhabashneh Kuwait Eastern Mediterranean Jassim Ibrahim Al Kandary Lebanon Eastern Mediterranean Kamel Ibrahim, Ramzi Salamé Libya Eastern Mediterranean Ali Shabban Altounsi Morocco Eastern Mediterranean Ahmad Bardan 299 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Region Name of National data coordinator(s) Oman Eastern Mediterranean Mohamed Said Alyazidi Pakistan Eastern Mediterranean Samra Mazhar Qatar Eastern Mediterranean Thaera Abdulwahid Muslat Saudi Arabia Eastern Mediterranean Faisal Faisal Murdhi Alanazi Somalia Eastern Mediterranean Farhia Qasim Sudan Eastern Mediterranean Fatima Elhassan Eisa Syrian Arab Republic Eastern Mediterranean Taufik Ismail Hasaba Tunisia Eastern Mediterranean Naoufel Somrani, Henda Chebbi United Arab Emirates Eastern Mediterranean Essam M. N. Howayyer West Bank and Gaza Strip Eastern Mediterranean Imad Aldeen Mahmoud Al Masry Albania Europe Gentiana Qirjako Armenia Europe Kristina Gyurjyan Austria Europe Martin Labuda Azerbaijan Europe Rustam Talishinskiy Belarus Europe Aleksandr Beletski Belgium Europe Wouter Van den Berghe Bosnia and Herzegovina Europe Dalibor Pejovic Bulgaria Europe Galia Tsolova Croatia Europe Ivana Brkic Bilos Cyprus Europe Vasos Scoutellas Czechia Europe Alena Švancarová Denmark Europe Lartey G. Lawson Estonia Europe Reigo Ude Finland Europe Riikka Rajamäki France Europe Joel Valmain Georgia Europe Tamar Chachava Germany Europe Horst Schulzes Greece Europe George Yannis Hungary Europe Péter Csizmadia Iceland Europe Gunnar Geir Gunnarsson Ireland Europe John Carroll Israel Europe Kobi Peleg Italy Europe Maria Giuseppina Lecce Kazakhstan Europe Batpenov Nurlan Dzhumagulovich Kyrgyzstan Europe Samatbek Toimatov Latvia Europe Eva Ramuse Lithuania Europe Aida Laukaitienė Luxembourg Europe Scharel Lehners Malta Europe Beatrice Farrugia Montenegro Europe Svetlana Stojanovic Netherlands Europe Peter M. Mak 300 Country / Area Region Name of National data coordinator(s) Norway Europe Guro Ranes Poland Europe Krystian Warda Portugal Europe Miguel Telo de Arriaga Republic of Moldova Europe Tatiana Zatic Petru Romania Europe Bogdan Pop Russian Federation Europe Sergey Alexanrovich Ryzhov San Marino Europe Andrea Gualtieri Serbia Europe Marija Markovic Slovakia Europe Zora Brucháčová Slovenia Europe Andraž Murkovič Spain Europe Martha Molina Olivas Sweden Europe Matts-Åke Belin Switzerland Europe Maja Ouertani Tajikistan Europe Razzakov Abduvali Abdukhamitovich The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Europe Fimka Tozija Turkey Europe Kayhan Keser Turkmenistan Europe Dry Ata Boppyev Ukraine Europe Yuryi Chornyi United Kingdom Europe Mark Bellis Uzbekistan Europe Mirklhakim Azizov Bangladesh South-East Asia Abdul Alim Bhutan South-East Asia Phuntsho Wangdi India South-East Asia Shri K Guite Indonesia South-East Asia Betsy Ernani Maldives South-East Asia Fathimath Shabana Myanmar South-East Asia Aung Thein Htay Nepal South-East Asia Buland Thapa Sri Lanka South-East Asia Premalal Rathnaweera Thailand South-East Asia Nongnuch Thanthithum Timor-Leste South-East Asia Helder Juvinal Neto da Silva Australia Western Pacific Katrina Cristofani Cambodia Western Pacific Hero Kol China Western Pacific Leilei Duan Cook Islands Western Pacific Edwina Tangaroa Fiji Western Pacific Watilala Fonu Japan Western Pacific Mayuyo Mori Kiribati Western Pacific Mweritonga Rubeiariki Lao People’s Democratic Republic Western Pacific Somnuk Mektakul Malaysia Western Pacific Zakira Taib Micronesia (Federated States of) Western Pacific Wincener J. David Mongolia Western Pacific Baatarsuren Purevjav 301 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Region Name of National data coordinator(s) New Zealand Western Pacific Alec Morrison Papua New Guinea Western Pacific Herman Wakia Philippines Western Pacific Agnes Benegas-Segarra Republic of Korea Western Pacific Soyun Park Samoa Western Pacific Rumanusina Maua Singapore Western Pacific Lay Tin Ong Solomon Islands Western Pacific Brian Surimalefo Tonga Western Pacific Kalo Nofoákifolau Vanuatu Western Pacific Jerry Iaruel Viet Nam Western Pacific Do Minh Trung 302 TABLE A2: ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS AND PROPORTION OF ROAD USERS BY COUNTRY / AREA Country / Area General information Road traffic deaths Road traffic deaths Road user death Population numbers for 2016a GNI per capita for 2016 in US dollarsb Income levelc Reported number of roaG traffic deaths Modelled number of roaG traffic Geathsd Estimated road traffic Geath rate Ser 100 000 populationd Drivers/Passengers of 4-wheeled vehicles Drivers / Passengers of 2- or 3- wheelers Cyclists Pedestrians Other or unsSeci̧eG users Point estimate &onfidence Interval Afghanistan ǡǡ Low ǡ ǡ ǡǡ – – – – – Albania ǡǡ ǡ Middle 399 39.4 11.9 7.8 38.7 2.2 Angola ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 0 Antigua and Barbuda ǡ ǡ High 8 8 – 7.9 0 0 Argentina ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 14 47.2 22.2 2.4 8.2 20 Armenia ǡǡ ǡ Middle 499 17.1 0.4 34.8 3.7 Australia ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ – 19.3 2.2 14 Austria ǡǡ ǡ High 432 – 43.8 22 11.1 Azerbaijan ǡǡ ǡ Middle – 8.7 0.9 0.9 42 4.3 Bangladesh ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡe ǡ ǡǡ – – – – – Barbados ǡ ǡ High 9 – 33.3 33.3 0 22.2 11.1 Belarus ǡǡ ǡ Middle 841 – 8.9 9.2 41.3 1 Belgium ǡǡ ǡ High – 14.4 11.1 12.2 Belize ǡ ǡ Middle 101 104 – 28.3 18.8 19.8 11.9 24.8 24.8 Benin ǡǡ 820 Low e ǡ ǡǡ 0.8 9.1 Bhutan ǡ ǡ Middle 139 17.4 – – – – – Bolivia (Plurinational State of) ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 19.7 17.1 Bosnia and Herzegovina ǡǡ ǡ Middle 318 – – – – – Botswana ǡǡ ǡ Middle 23.8 0 2 24.7 10.2 Brazil ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡe ǡ – 19.7 23.2 31.4 3.4 18.1 24 Bulgaria ǡǡ ǡ Middle 708 730 – 10.2 7.8 4.9 Burkina Faso ǡǡ Low 878 ǡ ǡǡ – – – – – Burundi ǡǡ 280 Low 112e ǡ ǡǡ 34.7 – – – – – Cabo Verde ǡ ǡ Middle 41 – – – – – Cambodia ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 17.8 2.3 8.4 Cameroon ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 30.1 – – – – – Canada ǡǡ ǡ High ǡe ǡ – 10.8 7.2 Central African Republic ǡǡ 370 Low 193 ǡ ǡǡ – – – – – Chad ǡǡ 720 Low ǡf ǡ ǡǡ – – – – – Chile ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ – 42 8.7 7.7 China ǡǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡe ǡ – 18.2 – – – – – Colombia ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 8.4 7.8 303 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area General information Road traffic deaths Road traffic deaths Road user death Population numbers for 2016a GNI per capita for 2016 in US dollarsb Income levelc Reported number of roaG traffic deaths Modelled number of roaG traffic Geathsd Estimated road traffic Geath rate Ser 100 000 populationd Drivers/Passengers of 4-wheeled vehicles Drivers / Passengers of 2- or 3- wheelers Cyclists Pedestrians Other or unsSeci̧eG users Point estimate &onfidence Interval Afghanistan ǡǡ Low ǡ ǡ ǡǡ – – – – – Albania ǡǡ ǡ Middle 399 39.4 11.9 7.8 38.7 2.2 Angola ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 0 Antigua and Barbuda ǡ ǡ High 8 8 – 7.9 0 0 Argentina ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 14 47.2 22.2 2.4 8.2 20 Armenia ǡǡ ǡ Middle 499 17.1 0.4 34.8 3.7 Australia ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ – 19.3 2.2 14 Austria ǡǡ ǡ High 432 – 43.8 22 11.1 Azerbaijan ǡǡ ǡ Middle – 8.7 0.9 0.9 42 4.3 Bangladesh ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡe ǡ ǡǡ – – – – – Barbados ǡ ǡ High 9 – 33.3 33.3 0 22.2 11.1 Belarus ǡǡ ǡ Middle 841 – 8.9 9.2 41.3 1 Belgium ǡǡ ǡ High – 14.4 11.1 12.2 Belize ǡ ǡ Middle 101 104 – 28.3 18.8 19.8 11.9 24.8 24.8 Benin ǡǡ 820 Low e ǡ ǡǡ 0.8 9.1 Bhutan ǡ ǡ Middle 139 17.4 – – – – – Bolivia (Plurinational State of) ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 19.7 17.1 Bosnia and Herzegovina ǡǡ ǡ Middle 318 – – – – – Botswana ǡǡ ǡ Middle 23.8 0 2 24.7 10.2 Brazil ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡe ǡ – 19.7 23.2 31.4 3.4 18.1 24 Bulgaria ǡǡ ǡ Middle 708 730 – 10.2 7.8 4.9 Burkina Faso ǡǡ Low 878 ǡ ǡǡ – – – – – Burundi ǡǡ 280 Low 112e ǡ ǡǡ 34.7 – – – – – Cabo Verde ǡ ǡ Middle 41 – – – – – Cambodia ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 17.8 2.3 8.4 Cameroon ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 30.1 – – – – – Canada ǡǡ ǡ High ǡe ǡ – 10.8 7.2 Central African Republic ǡǡ 370 Low 193 ǡ ǡǡ – – – – – Chad ǡǡ 720 Low ǡf ǡ ǡǡ – – – – – Chile ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ – 42 8.7 7.7 China ǡǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡe ǡ – 18.2 – – – – – Colombia ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 8.4 7.8 304 Country / Area General information Road traffic deaths Road traffic deaths Road user death Population numbers for 2016a GNI per capita for 2016 in US dollarsb Income levelc Reported number of roaG traffic deaths Modelled number of roaG traffic Geathsd Estimated road traffic Geath rate Ser 100 000 populationd Drivers/Passengers of 4-wheeled vehicles Drivers / Passengers of 2- or 3- wheelers Cyclists Pedestrians Other or unsSeci̧eG users Point estimate &onfidence Interval Comoros ǡ Low 23 211 17.4 0 17.4 0 Congo ǡǡ ǡ Middle 308 ǡ ǡǡ 27.4 – – – – – Cook Islands ǡ – High e 3 – 17.3 20 80 0 0 0 Costa Rica ǡǡ ǡ Middle e 812 – 24 40 10.4 24.7 0.9 Côte d’Ivoire ǡǡ ǡ Middle 991 ǡ ǡǡ 11.1 0.3 40.2 13.4 Croatia ǡǡ ǡ Middle 307 340 – 8.1 48.2 8.8 21.8 Cuba ǡǡ ǡg Middle – 10.1 9.9 33.2 31.2 Cyprus ǡǡ ǡ High – 34.8 21.7 4.3 30.4 8.7 Czechia ǡǡ ǡ High – 10.3 8.7 21.3 Democratic Republic of the Congo ǡǡ 420 Low ǡ ǡǡ 33.7 11.7 0 0.3 Denmark ǡǡ ǡ High 211 227 – 4 48.3 14.7 17.1 3.8 Dominica ǡ ǡ Middle 10e 8 – 10.9 10 0 10 20 Dominican Republic ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 11 1 17 4 Ecuador ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 21.3 19.1 1.8 19.8 Egypt ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 9.7 1.2 21.2 El Salvador ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 22.2 32.1 14.2 1.4 49 3.3 Equatorial Guinea ǡǡ ǡ Middle 41e 300 221 - 379 – – – – – Eritrea ǡǡ g Low 130 ǡ ǡǡ 9.2 27.7 Estonia ǡǡ ǡ High 71 80 – 1.4 7 31 Eswatini ǡǡ ǡ Middle 203 h 2 43.8 0 Ethiopia ǡǡ Low ǡe ǡ ǡǡ 0 – – Fiji ǡ ǡ Middle – h – – 0 Finland ǡǡ ǡ High – 4.7 8.7 10.7 France ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ – 21.1 4.7 3.8 Gabon ǡǡ ǡ Middle i 23.2 – – – – – Gambia ǡǡ 440 Low 139 29.7 – – – – – Georgia ǡǡ ǡ Middle – 44.9 0.7 27.4 Germany ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ – 4.1 47.8 18.8 12.3 Ghana ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡe ǡ ǡǡ 24.9 12 17.9 3.3 20.7 Greece ǡǡ ǡ High 824 ǡ – 9.2 40.3 32.4 2.2 18.1 7 Grenada ǡ ǡ Middle 10 10 – 9.3 – – – – – Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area General information Road traffic deaths Road traffic deaths Road user death Population numbers for 2016a GNI per capita for 2016 in US dollarsb Income levelc Reported number of roaG traffic deaths Modelled number of roaG traffic Geathsd Estimated road traffic Geath rate Ser 100 000 populationd Drivers/Passengers of 4-wheeled vehicles Drivers / Passengers of 2- or 3- wheelers Cyclists Pedestrians Other or unsSeci̧eG users Point estimate &onfidence Interval Comoros ǡ Low 23 211 17.4 0 17.4 0 Congo ǡǡ ǡ Middle 308 ǡ ǡǡ 27.4 – – – – – Cook Islands ǡ – High e 3 – 17.3 20 80 0 0 0 Costa Rica ǡǡ ǡ Middle e 812 – 24 40 10.4 24.7 0.9 Côte d’Ivoire ǡǡ ǡ Middle 991 ǡ ǡǡ 11.1 0.3 40.2 13.4 Croatia ǡǡ ǡ Middle 307 340 – 8.1 48.2 8.8 21.8 Cuba ǡǡ ǡg Middle – 10.1 9.9 33.2 31.2 Cyprus ǡǡ ǡ High – 34.8 21.7 4.3 30.4 8.7 Czechia ǡǡ ǡ High – 10.3 8.7 21.3 Democratic Republic of the Congo ǡǡ 420 Low ǡ ǡǡ 33.7 11.7 0 0.3 Denmark ǡǡ ǡ High 211 227 – 4 48.3 14.7 17.1 3.8 Dominica ǡ ǡ Middle 10e 8 – 10.9 10 0 10 20 Dominican Republic ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 11 1 17 4 Ecuador ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 21.3 19.1 1.8 19.8 Egypt ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 9.7 1.2 21.2 El Salvador ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 22.2 32.1 14.2 1.4 49 3.3 Equatorial Guinea ǡǡ ǡ Middle 41e 300 221 - 379 – – – – – Eritrea ǡǡ g Low 130 ǡ ǡǡ 9.2 27.7 Estonia ǡǡ ǡ High 71 80 – 1.4 7 31 Eswatini ǡǡ ǡ Middle 203 h 2 43.8 0 Ethiopia ǡǡ Low ǡe ǡ ǡǡ 0 – – Fiji ǡ ǡ Middle – h – – 0 Finland ǡǡ ǡ High – 4.7 8.7 10.7 France ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ – 21.1 4.7 3.8 Gabon ǡǡ ǡ Middle i 23.2 – – – – – Gambia ǡǡ 440 Low 139 29.7 – – – – – Georgia ǡǡ ǡ Middle – 44.9 0.7 27.4 Germany ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ – 4.1 47.8 18.8 12.3 Ghana ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡe ǡ ǡǡ 24.9 12 17.9 3.3 20.7 Greece ǡǡ ǡ High 824 ǡ – 9.2 40.3 32.4 2.2 18.1 7 Grenada ǡ ǡ Middle 10 10 – 9.3 – – – – – Country / Area General information Road traffic deaths Road traffic deaths Road user death Population numbers for 2016a GNI per capita for 2016 in US dollarsb Income levelc Reported number of roaG traffic deaths Modelled number of roaG traffic Geathsd Estimated road traffic Geath rate Ser 100 000 populationd Drivers/Passengers of 4-wheeled vehicles Drivers / Passengers of 2- or 3- wheelers Cyclists Pedestrians Other or unsSeci̧eG users Point estimate &onfidence Interval Guatemala ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 19.4 32.7 0.4 39.2 8.3 Guinea ǡǡ 490 Low ǡ ǡǡ 28.2 – – – – – Guinea-Bissau ǡǡ Low 122 31.1 – – – – – Guyana ǡ ǡ Middle 128 190 – 24.2 21.9 29.7 11.7 Honduras ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 24.3 4.1 27.9 Hungary ǡǡ ǡ High – 7.8 44.3 12 8.1 Iceland ǡ ǡ High 18 22 – 72.2 11.1 0 11.1 India ǡǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 17.9 1.7 10.4 30.4 Indonesia ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 12.2 4.9 3.2 2.7 Iran (Islamic Republic of) ǡǡ ǡg Middle ǡ ǡ – 48.7 24.1 Iraq ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 20.7 – – – – – Ireland ǡǡ ǡ High 188 194 – 4.1 11.7 2.1 Israel ǡǡ ǡ High – 4.2 12.2 2.7 28.7 10.1 Italy ǡǡ ǡ High ǡe ǡ – 42.8 7.3 Jamaica ǡǡ ǡ Middle 379 391 – 33 28.8 8.4 22.2 7.7 Japan ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ – 4.1 32.4 17.2 1 Jordan ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡǡ 24.4 71.3h 0 0 28.7 0 Kazakhstan ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 4.3 1.7 30.9 3.3 Kenya ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 27.8 h 24.2 2.4 37 0 Kiribati ǡ ǡ Middle 4.4 40 20 0 40 0 Kuwait ǡǡ ǡg High 424 – – – – – – Kyrgyzstan ǡǡ ǡ Middle 812 – 2.1 0.2 40 30 Lao People’s Democratic Republic ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡ – – – – – Latvia ǡǡ ǡ High 184 – 9.3 44.9 12 4.4 34.8 3.8 Lebanon ǡǡ ǡ Middle e ǡ ǡ 18.1 42.4h 20.7 37 0 Lesotho ǡǡ ǡ Middle 318 28.9 – – – – – Liberia ǡǡ 370 Low ǡ ǡǡ – – – – – Libya ǡǡ ǡg Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 1.9 2.3 20.8 0 Lithuania ǡǡ ǡ High 192 234 – 8 h 8.9 38 1 Luxembourg ǡ ǡ High 32 – 9.4 3.1 0 Madagascar ǡǡ 400 Low 340 ǡ ǡǡ h – – 47.1 0 307 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area General information Road traffic deaths Road traffic deaths Road user death Population numbers for 2016a GNI per capita for 2016 in US dollarsb Income levelc Reported number of roaG traffic deaths Modelled number of roaG traffic Geathsd Estimated road traffic Geath rate Ser 100 000 populationd Drivers/Passengers of 4-wheeled vehicles Drivers / Passengers of 2- or 3- wheelers Cyclists Pedestrians Other or unsSeci̧eG users Point estimate &onfidence Interval Guatemala ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 19.4 32.7 0.4 39.2 8.3 Guinea ǡǡ 490 Low ǡ ǡǡ 28.2 – – – – – Guinea-Bissau ǡǡ Low 122 31.1 – – – – – Guyana ǡ ǡ Middle 128 190 – 24.2 21.9 29.7 11.7 Honduras ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 24.3 4.1 27.9 Hungary ǡǡ ǡ High – 7.8 44.3 12 8.1 Iceland ǡ ǡ High 18 22 – 72.2 11.1 0 11.1 India ǡǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 17.9 1.7 10.4 30.4 Indonesia ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 12.2 4.9 3.2 2.7 Iran (Islamic Republic of) ǡǡ ǡg Middle ǡ ǡ – 48.7 24.1 Iraq ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 20.7 – – – – – Ireland ǡǡ ǡ High 188 194 – 4.1 11.7 2.1 Israel ǡǡ ǡ High – 4.2 12.2 2.7 28.7 10.1 Italy ǡǡ ǡ High ǡe ǡ – 42.8 7.3 Jamaica ǡǡ ǡ Middle 379 391 – 33 28.8 8.4 22.2 7.7 Japan ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ – 4.1 32.4 17.2 1 Jordan ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡǡ 24.4 71.3h 0 0 28.7 0 Kazakhstan ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 4.3 1.7 30.9 3.3 Kenya ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 27.8 h 24.2 2.4 37 0 Kiribati ǡ ǡ Middle 4.4 40 20 0 40 0 Kuwait ǡǡ ǡg High 424 – – – – – – Kyrgyzstan ǡǡ ǡ Middle 812 – 2.1 0.2 40 30 Lao People’s Democratic Republic ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡ – – – – – Latvia ǡǡ ǡ High 184 – 9.3 44.9 12 4.4 34.8 3.8 Lebanon ǡǡ ǡ Middle e ǡ ǡ 18.1 42.4h 20.7 37 0 Lesotho ǡǡ ǡ Middle 318 28.9 – – – – – Liberia ǡǡ 370 Low ǡ ǡǡ – – – – – Libya ǡǡ ǡg Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 1.9 2.3 20.8 0 Lithuania ǡǡ ǡ High 192 234 – 8 h 8.9 38 1 Luxembourg ǡ ǡ High 32 – 9.4 3.1 0 Madagascar ǡǡ 400 Low 340 ǡ ǡǡ h – – 47.1 0 308 Country / Area General information Road traffic deaths Road traffic deaths Road user death Population numbers for 2016a GNI per capita for 2016 in US dollarsb Income levelc Reported number of roaG traffic deaths Modelled number of roaG traffic Geathsd Estimated road traffic Geath rate Ser 100 000 populationd Drivers/Passengers of 4-wheeled vehicles Drivers / Passengers of 2- or 3- wheelers Cyclists Pedestrians Other or unsSeci̧eG users Point estimate &onfidence Interval Malawi ǡǡ 320 Low ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 31 31.1 3.2 0.1 Malaysia ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ – – – – – Maldives ǡ ǡ Middle 4 4 – 0.9 0 0 0 Mali ǡǡ Low ǡ ǡǡ 23.1 27.9 42.3 2.4 Malta ǡ ǡ High 22 – 18.2 40.9 27.3 9.1 Mauritania ǡǡ ǡ Middle 184 ǡ ǡ 24.7 – – – – – Mauritius ǡǡ ǡ Middle 144 173 – 13.7 0 Mexico ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡe ǡ – 13.1 18.4h 1.1 42.4 Micronesia (Federated States of) ǡ ǡ Middle 2 2 – 1.9 0 0 0 Mongolia ǡǡ ǡ Middle 484 499 39.3 1.2 28.7 12.2 Montenegro ǡ ǡ Middle – 10.7 13.8 Morocco ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 31.2 28.7 7.9 Mozambique ǡǡ 480 Low ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 30.1 – – – – – Myanmar ǡǡ ǡg Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 19.9 10.8 3.1 14.2 7.1 Namibia ǡǡ ǡ Middle 731 30.4 – – – – – Nepal ǡǡ 730 Low ǡe ǡ ǡǡ – – – – – Netherlands ǡǡ ǡ High e – 3.8 38 21.4 29.8 9.2 New Zealand ǡǡ ǡ High 327 – 7.8 Niger ǡǡ 370 Low 978 ǡ ǡǡ – – – – – Nigeria ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 21.4 – – – – – Norway ǡǡ ǡ High 143 – 2.7 17 8.9 11.9 Oman ǡǡ ǡg High 713 – 3.9 0.7 8.1 Pakistan ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡe ǡ ǡǡ 14.3 – – – – – Panama ǡǡ ǡ Middle 440 – 14.3 32.3 4.4 40 Papua New Guinea ǡǡ ǡg Middle ǡ ǡ 14.2 – – 0 Paraguay ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 22.7 0.2 8.7 Peru ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 0.2 8.1 Philippines ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡe ǡ – 12.3 0.3 4.7 0.1 1 93.9 Poland ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ – 9.7 11.2 9 28.7 4.3 Portugal ǡǡ ǡ High – 7.4 18.3 21.8 Qatar ǡǡ ǡg High 178 239 – 9.3 48.3 2.2 2.8 32 309 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area General information Road traffic deaths Road traffic deaths Road user death Population numbers for 2016a GNI per capita for 2016 in US dollarsb Income levelc Reported number of roaG traffic deaths Modelled number of roaG traffic Geathsd Estimated road traffic Geath rate Ser 100 000 populationd Drivers/Passengers of 4-wheeled vehicles Drivers / Passengers of 2- or 3- wheelers Cyclists Pedestrians Other or unsSeci̧eG users Point estimate &onfidence Interval Malawi ǡǡ 320 Low ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 31 31.1 3.2 0.1 Malaysia ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ – – – – – Maldives ǡ ǡ Middle 4 4 – 0.9 0 0 0 Mali ǡǡ Low ǡ ǡǡ 23.1 27.9 42.3 2.4 Malta ǡ ǡ High 22 – 18.2 40.9 27.3 9.1 Mauritania ǡǡ ǡ Middle 184 ǡ ǡ 24.7 – – – – – Mauritius ǡǡ ǡ Middle 144 173 – 13.7 0 Mexico ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡe ǡ – 13.1 18.4h 1.1 42.4 Micronesia (Federated States of) ǡ ǡ Middle 2 2 – 1.9 0 0 0 Mongolia ǡǡ ǡ Middle 484 499 39.3 1.2 28.7 12.2 Montenegro ǡ ǡ Middle – 10.7 13.8 Morocco ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 31.2 28.7 7.9 Mozambique ǡǡ 480 Low ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 30.1 – – – – – Myanmar ǡǡ ǡg Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 19.9 10.8 3.1 14.2 7.1 Namibia ǡǡ ǡ Middle 731 30.4 – – – – – Nepal ǡǡ 730 Low ǡe ǡ ǡǡ – – – – – Netherlands ǡǡ ǡ High e – 3.8 38 21.4 29.8 9.2 New Zealand ǡǡ ǡ High 327 – 7.8 Niger ǡǡ 370 Low 978 ǡ ǡǡ – – – – – Nigeria ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 21.4 – – – – – Norway ǡǡ ǡ High 143 – 2.7 17 8.9 11.9 Oman ǡǡ ǡg High 713 – 3.9 0.7 8.1 Pakistan ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡe ǡ ǡǡ 14.3 – – – – – Panama ǡǡ ǡ Middle 440 – 14.3 32.3 4.4 40 Papua New Guinea ǡǡ ǡg Middle ǡ ǡ 14.2 – – 0 Paraguay ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 22.7 0.2 8.7 Peru ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 0.2 8.1 Philippines ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡe ǡ – 12.3 0.3 4.7 0.1 1 93.9 Poland ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ – 9.7 11.2 9 28.7 4.3 Portugal ǡǡ ǡ High – 7.4 18.3 21.8 Qatar ǡǡ ǡg High 178 239 – 9.3 48.3 2.2 2.8 32 310 Country / Area General information Road traffic deaths Road traffic deaths Road user death Population numbers for 2016a GNI per capita for 2016 in US dollarsb Income levelc Reported number of roaG traffic deaths Modelled number of roaG traffic Geathsd Estimated road traffic Geath rate Ser 100 000 populationd Drivers/Passengers of 4-wheeled vehicles Drivers / Passengers of 2- or 3- wheelers Cyclists Pedestrians Other or unsSeci̧eG users Point estimate &onfidence Interval Republic of Korea ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ – 9.8 – 39.9 33.7 Republic of Moldova ǡǡ ǡ Middle 394 – 9.7 4.3 1.4 Romania ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 10.3 4.4 9 37.2 3.3 Russian Federation ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 18 2 29.2 Rwanda ǡǡ 700 Low ǡ ǡǡ 29.7 – – – – – Saint Lucia ǡ ǡ Middle – 20 13.3 13.3 Samoa ǡ ǡ Middle 17e 22 11.3 41.2 0 47.1 San Marino ǡ ǡg High 0 0 – 0 – – – – – Sao Tome and Principe ǡ ǡ Middle 23 – – – – – Saudi Arabia ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 28.8 – – – – – Senegal ǡǡ Low ǡ ǡǡ 23.4 – – – – – Serbia ǡǡ ǡ Middle – 7.4 8.7 9.4 23.1 Seychelles ǡ ǡ High – 20 20 Singapore ǡǡ ǡ High 141 – 2.8 7.8 44 14.2 33.3 0.7 Slovakia ǡǡ ǡ High 330 – 8.7 29.1 4.4 Slovenia ǡǡ ǡ High 130 134 – 19.2 10 Solomon Islands ǡ ǡ Middle 11 104 17.4 – – – – – Somalia ǡǡ – Low ǡ ǡǡ 27.1 – – – – – South Africa ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 44.9 0.3 3.2 38.4 13.1 South Sudan ǡǡ 820g Low 130 ǡ ǡǡ 29.9 – – – – – Spain ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ – 4.1 21.9 3.7 Sri Lanka ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 14.9 8.1 29.2 Sudan ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 71.4 Suriname ǡ ǡ Middle 74 81 – 33.8 4.1 14.9 1.4 Sweden ǡǡ ǡ High 270 278 – 2.8 8.1 Switzerland ǡǡ ǡ High 223 – 2.7 34.7 22.7 23.1 4.2 Syrian Arab Republic ǡǡ ǡg Middle 714 ǡ ǡǡ 18.8 4.2 Tajikistan ǡǡ ǡ Middle 427 ǡ ǡǡ 18.1 h – 2.3 40.3 0 Thailand ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 32.7 12.3 74.4 2.3 The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia ǡǡ ǡ Middle 148 e 134 – 33.1 4.7 Timor-Leste ǡǡ ǡg Middle 71 138 - 184 12.7 – – – – – 311 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area General information Road traffic deaths Road traffic deaths Road user death Population numbers for 2016a GNI per capita for 2016 in US dollarsb Income levelc Reported number of roaG traffic deaths Modelled number of roaG traffic Geathsd Estimated road traffic Geath rate Ser 100 000 populationd Drivers/Passengers of 4-wheeled vehicles Drivers / Passengers of 2- or 3- wheelers Cyclists Pedestrians Other or unsSeci̧eG users Point estimate &onfidence Interval Republic of Korea ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ – 9.8 – 39.9 33.7 Republic of Moldova ǡǡ ǡ Middle 394 – 9.7 4.3 1.4 Romania ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 10.3 4.4 9 37.2 3.3 Russian Federation ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 18 2 29.2 Rwanda ǡǡ 700 Low ǡ ǡǡ 29.7 – – – – – Saint Lucia ǡ ǡ Middle – 20 13.3 13.3 Samoa ǡ ǡ Middle 17e 22 11.3 41.2 0 47.1 San Marino ǡ ǡg High 0 0 – 0 – – – – – Sao Tome and Principe ǡ ǡ Middle 23 – – – – – Saudi Arabia ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 28.8 – – – – – Senegal ǡǡ Low ǡ ǡǡ 23.4 – – – – – Serbia ǡǡ ǡ Middle – 7.4 8.7 9.4 23.1 Seychelles ǡ ǡ High – 20 20 Singapore ǡǡ ǡ High 141 – 2.8 7.8 44 14.2 33.3 0.7 Slovakia ǡǡ ǡ High 330 – 8.7 29.1 4.4 Slovenia ǡǡ ǡ High 130 134 – 19.2 10 Solomon Islands ǡ ǡ Middle 11 104 17.4 – – – – – Somalia ǡǡ – Low ǡ ǡǡ 27.1 – – – – – South Africa ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 44.9 0.3 3.2 38.4 13.1 South Sudan ǡǡ 820g Low 130 ǡ ǡǡ 29.9 – – – – – Spain ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ – 4.1 21.9 3.7 Sri Lanka ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 14.9 8.1 29.2 Sudan ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 71.4 Suriname ǡ ǡ Middle 74 81 – 33.8 4.1 14.9 1.4 Sweden ǡǡ ǡ High 270 278 – 2.8 8.1 Switzerland ǡǡ ǡ High 223 – 2.7 34.7 22.7 23.1 4.2 Syrian Arab Republic ǡǡ ǡg Middle 714 ǡ ǡǡ 18.8 4.2 Tajikistan ǡǡ ǡ Middle 427 ǡ ǡǡ 18.1 h – 2.3 40.3 0 Thailand ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 32.7 12.3 74.4 2.3 The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia ǡǡ ǡ Middle 148 e 134 – 33.1 4.7 Timor-Leste ǡǡ ǡg Middle 71 138 - 184 12.7 – – – – – 312 Country / Area General information Road traffic deaths Road traffic deaths Road user death Population numbers for 2016a GNI per capita for 2016 in US dollarsb Income levelc Reported number of roaG traffic deaths Modelled number of roaG traffic Geathsd Estimated road traffic Geath rate Ser 100 000 populationd Drivers/Passengers of 4-wheeled vehicles Drivers / Passengers of 2- or 3- wheelers Cyclists Pedestrians Other or unsSeci̧eG users Point estimate &onfidence Interval Togo ǡǡ Low ǡ ǡǡ 29.2 17.3 – – 11.1 Tonga ǡ ǡ Middle 18 18 – 0 0 27.8 Trinidad and Tobago ǡǡ ǡ High – 12.1 2.2 0.7 31.1 8.1 Tunisia ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 22.8 49.3h 22.9 0.7 Turkey ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 12.3 21.7 14.9 1.9 23.4 38 Turkmenistan ǡǡ ǡ Middle 823 Uganda ǡǡ Low ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 29 21.3 33.4 0 Ukraine ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 13.7 34 8.7 7.1 41.9 8.4 United Arab Emirates ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡǡ 18.1 24.3 14.2 United Kingdom ǡǡ ǡ High ǡe ǡ – 3.1 23.7 4.1 United Republic of Tanzania ǡǡ 900 Low ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 29.2 22.7 8 29.9 0.8 United States of America ǡǡ ǡ High ǡe ǡ – 12.4 14.2 2.3 4.2 Uruguay ǡǡ ǡ High – 13.4 30.7 7 0 Uzbekistan ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – – – – – – Vanuatu ǡ ǡg Middle 9 43 39 - 48 – – – – – Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) ǡǡ ǡ g Middle ǡe ǡ – 33.7 – – – – – Viet Nam ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ – – – – – West Bank and Gaza Strip ǡǡ ǡ Middle 189 - 333 1.9 32.7 10.7 Zimbabwe ǡǡ 940 Low ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 34.7 10.2 12.2 13.7 37.2 313 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area General information Road traffic deaths Road traffic deaths Road user death Population numbers for 2016a GNI per capita for 2016 in US dollarsb Income levelc Reported number of roaG traffic deaths Modelled number of roaG traffic Geathsd Estimated road traffic Geath rate Ser 100 000 populationd Drivers/Passengers of 4-wheeled vehicles Drivers / Passengers of 2- or 3- wheelers Cyclists Pedestrians Other or unsSeci̧eG users Point estimate &onfidence Interval Togo ǡǡ Low ǡ ǡǡ 29.2 17.3 – – 11.1 Tonga ǡ ǡ Middle 18 18 – 0 0 27.8 Trinidad and Tobago ǡǡ ǡ High – 12.1 2.2 0.7 31.1 8.1 Tunisia ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 22.8 49.3h 22.9 0.7 Turkey ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 12.3 21.7 14.9 1.9 23.4 38 Turkmenistan ǡǡ ǡ Middle 823 Uganda ǡǡ Low ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 29 21.3 33.4 0 Ukraine ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 13.7 34 8.7 7.1 41.9 8.4 United Arab Emirates ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡǡ 18.1 24.3 14.2 United Kingdom ǡǡ ǡ High ǡe ǡ – 3.1 23.7 4.1 United Republic of Tanzania ǡǡ 900 Low ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 29.2 22.7 8 29.9 0.8 United States of America ǡǡ ǡ High ǡe ǡ – 12.4 14.2 2.3 4.2 Uruguay ǡǡ ǡ High – 13.4 30.7 7 0 Uzbekistan ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – – – – – – Vanuatu ǡ ǡg Middle 9 43 39 - 48 – – – – – Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) ǡǡ ǡ g Middle ǡe ǡ – 33.7 – – – – – Viet Nam ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ – – – – – West Bank and Gaza Strip ǡǡ ǡ Middle 189 - 333 1.9 32.7 10.7 Zimbabwe ǡǡ 940 Low ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 34.7 10.2 12.2 13.7 37.2 a Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat (June 2017). World population Prospects: The 2017 Revision, Highlights. New York: United Nations. b )rQss0CtiQPCN+PcQOe )0+ percCpitCisthedQNNCrXCNueQHCcQuPtr[ŨsfiPCNiPcQOeiPC[eCrdiXidedD[itspQpuNCtiQPusiPI#tNCsOethQdQNQI[&CtCHrQO World Development Indicators database, World Bank, November 2017. http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD/countries. c 9QrNd&eXeNQpOePt+PdicCtQrsdCtCDCse .QYiPcQOeisQrNessOiddNeiPcQOeistQhiIhiPcQOeisQrOQre d Modelled using negative binomial regression (see preamble on page 289). Data from countries with good vital registration and countries with a population of NessthCPYerePQtiPcNudediPtheOQdeN e dCtCPQtCXCiNCDNe f (rQO,CPOct. g dCtCPQtCXCiNCDNe.CtestCXCiNCDNeusedHrQO9QrNd&eXeNQpOePt+PdicCtQrsdCtCDCse h Drivers and passengers (all vehicles). i Data for Libreville. 314 TABLE A3: POST-CRASH RESPONSE BY COUNTRY / AREA Country / Area Universal access telephone number Trauma registry National assessment of emergency care system Provider training and certįcation (stimated road traffic crash victims Zith permanent disability Prehospital providers Nurses Specialist doctors )ormal certification pathway 3ost Jraduate courses in emerJency and trauma care EmerJency medicine 7rauma surJery Afghanistan National, single number None No No No Yes Yes Albania National, single number Subnational No Yes Yes Yes No Angola National, multiple numbers National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Antigua and Barbuda National, single number – No No No No No Argentina Partial coverage Some facilities No – – – – Armenia National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Australia National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes No Austria National, single number National No Yes No Yes Yes Azerbaijan National, single number National No No No Yes Yes 3 Bangladesh Partial coverage None No No No Yes Yes 2.4 Barbados National, multiple numbers National No Yes No Yes Yes Belarus National, single number None No No No Yes Yes Belgium National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes a Belize National, single number None No No No No No Benin National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Bhutan National, single number None No Yes No Yes Yes Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Partial coverage Subnational No No Yes Yes No Bosnia and Herzegovina National, single number None Yes Yes No Yes Yes Botswana National, multiple numbers None No – Yes Yes No Brazil National, single number None No No Yes Yes Yes Bulgaria National, single number None No Yes Yes Yes Yes Burkina Faso National, single number Some facilities Yes No – – No Burundi None National No No No No Yes Cabo Verde National, multiple numbers Some facilities No No No – – Cambodia National, multiple numbers National No No Yes Yes Yes Cameroon National, single number Some facilities Yes No No No No Canada Partial coverage Subnational No – Yes Yes Yes Central African Republic – Some facilities No – Yes – – Chad – Some facilities No Yes No No Yes Chile National, single number National No No Yes Yes Yes China National, single number National Yes Yes No No No Colombia Partial coverage National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Comoros None None No No No No No Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Universal access telephone number Trauma registry National assessment of emergency care system Provider training and certįcation (stimated road traffic crash victims Zith permanent disability Prehospital providers Nurses Specialist doctors )ormal certification pathway 3ost Jraduate courses in emerJency and trauma care EmerJency medicine 7rauma surJery Afghanistan National, single number None No No No Yes Yes Albania National, single number Subnational No Yes Yes Yes No Angola National, multiple numbers National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Antigua and Barbuda National, single number – No No No No No Argentina Partial coverage Some facilities No – – – – Armenia National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Australia National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes No Austria National, single number National No Yes No Yes Yes Azerbaijan National, single number National No No No Yes Yes 3 Bangladesh Partial coverage None No No No Yes Yes 2.4 Barbados National, multiple numbers National No Yes No Yes Yes Belarus National, single number None No No No Yes Yes Belgium National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes a Belize National, single number None No No No No No Benin National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Bhutan National, single number None No Yes No Yes Yes Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Partial coverage Subnational No No Yes Yes No Bosnia and Herzegovina National, single number None Yes Yes No Yes Yes Botswana National, multiple numbers None No – Yes Yes No Brazil National, single number None No No Yes Yes Yes Bulgaria National, single number None No Yes Yes Yes Yes Burkina Faso National, single number Some facilities Yes No – – No Burundi None National No No No No Yes Cabo Verde National, multiple numbers Some facilities No No No – – Cambodia National, multiple numbers National No No Yes Yes Yes Cameroon National, single number Some facilities Yes No No No No Canada Partial coverage Subnational No – Yes Yes Yes Central African Republic – Some facilities No – Yes – – Chad – Some facilities No Yes No No Yes Chile National, single number National No No Yes Yes Yes China National, single number National Yes Yes No No No Colombia Partial coverage National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Comoros None None No No No No No Country / Area Universal access telephone number Trauma registry National assessment of emergency care system Provider training and certįcation (stimated road traffic crash victims Zith permanent disability Prehospital providers Nurses Specialist doctors )ormal certification pathway 3ost Jraduate courses in emerJency and trauma care EmerJency medicine 7rauma surJery Congo Partial coverage None No No No No No Cook Islands National, single number National No No No No No Costa Rica National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Côte d’Ivoire Partial coverage Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Croatia National, single number None No Yes No Yes Yes Cuba National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Cyprus National, multiple numbers Subnational Yes Yes Yes No No Czechia National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Democratic Republic of the Congo Partial coverage Some facilities Yes No No No Yes 40 Denmark National, single number National Yes – Yes No No Dominica National, single number None No No No No No Dominican Republic Partial coverage National Yes Yes No Yes No Ecuador National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Egypt National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes No El Salvador National, multiple numbers National Yes No No No No Equatorial Guinea National, multiple numbers National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Eritrea Partial coverage Some facilities No No No No No Estonia National, single number None No No Yes Yes Yes Eswatini National, multiple numbers None No Yes No No No Ethiopia National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Fiji National, multiple numbers None No No No Yes No Finland National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 France National, single number Subnational No – – – – 0.8 Gabon Partial coverage Some facilities No Yes No Yes No Gambia None Subnational No No No No No Georgia National, single number None No Yes No Yes Yes Germany National, single number Some facilities Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Ghana National, single number Some facilities Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Greece National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes No No Grenada National, single number None No No No No No Guatemala National, multiple numbers Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Guinea None Subnational No No No No No 317 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Universal access telephone number Trauma registry National assessment of emergency care system Provider training and certįcation (stimated road traffic crash victims Zith permanent disability Prehospital providers Nurses Specialist doctors )ormal certification pathway 3ost Jraduate courses in emerJency and trauma care EmerJency medicine 7rauma surJery Congo Partial coverage None No No No No No Cook Islands National, single number National No No No No No Costa Rica National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Côte d’Ivoire Partial coverage Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Croatia National, single number None No Yes No Yes Yes Cuba National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Cyprus National, multiple numbers Subnational Yes Yes Yes No No Czechia National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Democratic Republic of the Congo Partial coverage Some facilities Yes No No No Yes 40 Denmark National, single number National Yes – Yes No No Dominica National, single number None No No No No No Dominican Republic Partial coverage National Yes Yes No Yes No Ecuador National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Egypt National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes No El Salvador National, multiple numbers National Yes No No No No Equatorial Guinea National, multiple numbers National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Eritrea Partial coverage Some facilities No No No No No Estonia National, single number None No No Yes Yes Yes Eswatini National, multiple numbers None No Yes No No No Ethiopia National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Fiji National, multiple numbers None No No No Yes No Finland National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 France National, single number Subnational No – – – – 0.8 Gabon Partial coverage Some facilities No Yes No Yes No Gambia None Subnational No No No No No Georgia National, single number None No Yes No Yes Yes Germany National, single number Some facilities Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Ghana National, single number Some facilities Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Greece National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes No No Grenada National, single number None No No No No No Guatemala National, multiple numbers Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Guinea None Subnational No No No No No 318 Country / Area Universal access telephone number Trauma registry National assessment of emergency care system Provider training and certįcation (stimated road traffic crash victims Zith permanent disability Prehospital providers Nurses Specialist doctors )ormal certification pathway 3ost Jraduate courses in emerJency and trauma care EmerJency medicine 7rauma surJery Guinea-Bissau National, single number Some facilities No No No No No Guyana Partial coverage None No Yes Yes Yes No Honduras National, single number Some facilities No Yes – – – Hungary National, single number None No Yes Yes Yes Yes Iceland National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes No India Partial coverage Some facilities No Yes No Yes Yes Indonesia Partial coverage None No Yes Yes Yes Yes Iran (Islamic Republic of) National, single number Subnational Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Iraq National, single number Some facilities Yes Yes No Yes Yes Ireland National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes No Israel National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Italy National, single number Subnational No Yes No Yes Yes Jamaica National, single number Some facilities No No Yes Yes No 1.7 Japan National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Jordan National, single number None No Yes Yes Yes Yes Kazakhstan National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Kenya National, single number Some facilities No No Yes No No Kiribati National, multiple numbers National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Kuwait National, single number None No Yes Yes Yes No Kyrgyzstan National, single number None Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Lao People’s Democratic Republic Partial coverage None No Yes Yes Yes Yes Latvia National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Lebanon National, multiple numbers None No No Yes Yes Yes Lesotho None None No Yes No No No Liberia National, single number None No – No No No Libya National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Lithuania National, single number National No No Yes Yes Yes Luxembourg National, single number Some facilities No No Yes No No Madagascar None None No No Yes Yes Yes Malawi Partial coverage Some facilities No No No No No Malaysia National, single number None No Yes Yes Yes Yes Maldives Partial coverage None No No No No No 319 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Universal access telephone number Trauma registry National assessment of emergency care system Provider training and certįcation (stimated road traffic crash victims Zith permanent disability Prehospital providers Nurses Specialist doctors )ormal certification pathway 3ost Jraduate courses in emerJency and trauma care EmerJency medicine 7rauma surJery Guinea-Bissau National, single number Some facilities No No No No No Guyana Partial coverage None No Yes Yes Yes No Honduras National, single number Some facilities No Yes – – – Hungary National, single number None No Yes Yes Yes Yes Iceland National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes No India Partial coverage Some facilities No Yes No Yes Yes Indonesia Partial coverage None No Yes Yes Yes Yes Iran (Islamic Republic of) National, single number Subnational Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Iraq National, single number Some facilities Yes Yes No Yes Yes Ireland National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes No Israel National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Italy National, single number Subnational No Yes No Yes Yes Jamaica National, single number Some facilities No No Yes Yes No 1.7 Japan National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Jordan National, single number None No Yes Yes Yes Yes Kazakhstan National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Kenya National, single number Some facilities No No Yes No No Kiribati National, multiple numbers National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Kuwait National, single number None No Yes Yes Yes No Kyrgyzstan National, single number None Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Lao People’s Democratic Republic Partial coverage None No Yes Yes Yes Yes Latvia National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Lebanon National, multiple numbers None No No Yes Yes Yes Lesotho None None No Yes No No No Liberia National, single number None No – No No No Libya National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Lithuania National, single number National No No Yes Yes Yes Luxembourg National, single number Some facilities No No Yes No No Madagascar None None No No Yes Yes Yes Malawi Partial coverage Some facilities No No No No No Malaysia National, single number None No Yes Yes Yes Yes Maldives Partial coverage None No No No No No 320 Country / Area Universal access telephone number Trauma registry National assessment of emergency care system Provider training and certįcation (stimated road traffic crash victims Zith permanent disability Prehospital providers Nurses Specialist doctors )ormal certification pathway 3ost Jraduate courses in emerJency and trauma care EmerJency medicine 7rauma surJery Mali Partial coverage Some facilities No No No No No Malta National, single number National Yes Yes No Yes Yes Mauritania – None No No No No No Mauritius National, single number Subnational Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Mexico National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Micronesia (Federated States of) National, multiple numbers None No No No – – Mongolia National, single number National No No Yes Yes Yes Montenegro National, single number National Yes Yes No Yes Yes Morocco National, single number None No No No Yes Yes Mozambique National, multiple numbers Some facilities No No No Yes No Myanmar National, multiple numbers National No No Yes Yes Yes Namibia National, multiple numbers National Yes Yes – No No 18 Nepal Partial coverage Some facilities No No No No No Netherlands National, single number National No No Yes Yes Yes 4 - 7 New Zealand National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes No Niger National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes No No Nigeria National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Norway National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Oman National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Pakistan National, multiple numbers Subnational No No No No No Panama National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes No Papua New Guinea Partial coverage Some facilities No Yes No Yes Yes Paraguay National, single number National No No No Yes Yes Peru Partial coverage National No No Yes Yes Yes 3.1 Philippines National, single number National No No Yes Yes Yes Poland National, single number None No No Yes Yes Yes Portugal National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes No Qatar National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 1 Republic of Korea National, single number Subnational Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Republic of Moldova National, multiple numbers Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Romania National, single number None Yes Yes Yes Yes No 21 Russian Federation National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes 321 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Universal access telephone number Trauma registry National assessment of emergency care system Provider training and certįcation (stimated road traffic crash victims Zith permanent disability Prehospital providers Nurses Specialist doctors )ormal certification pathway 3ost Jraduate courses in emerJency and trauma care EmerJency medicine 7rauma surJery Mali Partial coverage Some facilities No No No No No Malta National, single number National Yes Yes No Yes Yes Mauritania – None No No No No No Mauritius National, single number Subnational Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Mexico National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Micronesia (Federated States of) National, multiple numbers None No No No – – Mongolia National, single number National No No Yes Yes Yes Montenegro National, single number National Yes Yes No Yes Yes Morocco National, single number None No No No Yes Yes Mozambique National, multiple numbers Some facilities No No No Yes No Myanmar National, multiple numbers National No No Yes Yes Yes Namibia National, multiple numbers National Yes Yes – No No 18 Nepal Partial coverage Some facilities No No No No No Netherlands National, single number National No No Yes Yes Yes 4 - 7 New Zealand National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes No Niger National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes No No Nigeria National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Norway National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Oman National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Pakistan National, multiple numbers Subnational No No No No No Panama National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes No Papua New Guinea Partial coverage Some facilities No Yes No Yes Yes Paraguay National, single number National No No No Yes Yes Peru Partial coverage National No No Yes Yes Yes 3.1 Philippines National, single number National No No Yes Yes Yes Poland National, single number None No No Yes Yes Yes Portugal National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes No Qatar National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 1 Republic of Korea National, single number Subnational Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Republic of Moldova National, multiple numbers Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Romania National, single number None Yes Yes Yes Yes No 21 Russian Federation National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes 322 Country / Area Universal access telephone number Trauma registry National assessment of emergency care system Provider training and certįcation (stimated road traffic crash victims Zith permanent disability Prehospital providers Nurses Specialist doctors )ormal certification pathway 3ost Jraduate courses in emerJency and trauma care EmerJency medicine 7rauma surJery Rwanda National, single number None No – – – – Saint Lucia National, single number – No Yes No No No Samoa National, multiple numbers None No No No No No San Marino National, multiple numbers None Yes Yes Yes No No Sao Tome and Principe National, single number National No No No No No Saudi Arabia National, single number Subnational No Yes Yes Yes Yes Senegal Partial coverage Some facilities No No No Yes Yes Serbia National, multiple numbers Some facilities Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Seychelles National, single number None No Yes No No No Singapore National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Slovakia National, single number None No Yes Yes Yes Yes Slovenia National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Solomon Islands National, single number Some facilities No No No Yes No Somalia None None No No No No No South Africa National, multiple numbers National No Yes Yes Yes Yes South Sudan National, single number Some facilities No No No No No Spain National, single number Some facilities No Yes No No Yes /ǡiPhCDitCPts Sri Lanka Partial coverage Some facilities No No No Yes Yes Sudan National, multiple numbers Subnational No No No Yes No 19 Suriname Partial coverage Some facilities No No No Yes No Sweden National, single number National No No Yes Yes No 17 Switzerland National, single number National No No Yes Yes Yes Syrian Arab Republic Partial coverage Subnational No Yes Yes Yes Yes Tajikistan National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Thailand National, single number Some facilities Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes b The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Timor-Leste National, single number National No Yes Yes No Yes Togo National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes 47 Tonga National, multiple numbers None No No No No No Trinidad and Tobago National, multiple numbers Some facilities No No Yes Yes No Tunisia National, multiple numbers None Yes No Yes Yes Yes Turkey National, single number Some facilities Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 323 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Universal access telephone number Trauma registry National assessment of emergency care system Provider training and certįcation (stimated road traffic crash victims Zith permanent disability Prehospital providers Nurses Specialist doctors )ormal certification pathway 3ost Jraduate courses in emerJency and trauma care EmerJency medicine 7rauma surJery Rwanda National, single number None No – – – – Saint Lucia National, single number – No Yes No No No Samoa National, multiple numbers None No No No No No San Marino National, multiple numbers None Yes Yes Yes No No Sao Tome and Principe National, single number National No No No No No Saudi Arabia National, single number Subnational No Yes Yes Yes Yes Senegal Partial coverage Some facilities No No No Yes Yes Serbia National, multiple numbers Some facilities Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Seychelles National, single number None No Yes No No No Singapore National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Slovakia National, single number None No Yes Yes Yes Yes Slovenia National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Solomon Islands National, single number Some facilities No No No Yes No Somalia None None No No No No No South Africa National, multiple numbers National No Yes Yes Yes Yes South Sudan National, single number Some facilities No No No No No Spain National, single number Some facilities No Yes No No Yes /ǡiPhCDitCPts Sri Lanka Partial coverage Some facilities No No No Yes Yes Sudan National, multiple numbers Subnational No No No Yes No 19 Suriname Partial coverage Some facilities No No No Yes No Sweden National, single number National No No Yes Yes No 17 Switzerland National, single number National No No Yes Yes Yes Syrian Arab Republic Partial coverage Subnational No Yes Yes Yes Yes Tajikistan National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Thailand National, single number Some facilities Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes b The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Timor-Leste National, single number National No Yes Yes No Yes Togo National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes 47 Tonga National, multiple numbers None No No No No No Trinidad and Tobago National, multiple numbers Some facilities No No Yes Yes No Tunisia National, multiple numbers None Yes No Yes Yes Yes Turkey National, single number Some facilities Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 324 Country / Area Universal access telephone number Trauma registry National assessment of emergency care system Provider training and certįcation (stimated road traffic crash victims Zith permanent disability Prehospital providers Nurses Specialist doctors )ormal certification pathway 3ost Jraduate courses in emerJency and trauma care EmerJency medicine 7rauma surJery Turkmenistan National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Uganda National, multiple numbers Some facilities Yes No No Yes No 2.8 Ukraine National, single number None No Yes Yes Yes No United Arab Emirates National, single number Subnational No Yes No Yes No United Kingdom National, single number Subnational No Yes Yes Yes Yes United Republic of Tanzania None Subnational No No Yes Yes Yes United States of America National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Uruguay National, single number National No No No Yes Yes Uzbekistan National, single number – Vanuatu National, single number National No No Yes No No Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Viet Nam Partial coverage National No No Yes Yes Yes West Bank and Gaza Strip National, single number None No No Yes Yes Yes 1 Zimbabwe National, multiple numbers None No Yes No No No 7.1 a QHCNNhQspitCNi\ed/#+5 XictiOsiPcurCNQPIterOdisCDiNit[CsCresuNtQHthecrCsh b QHCdOittedpCtiePtsestiOCted Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Universal access telephone number Trauma registry National assessment of emergency care system Provider training and certįcation (stimated road traffic crash victims Zith permanent disability Prehospital providers Nurses Specialist doctors )ormal certification pathway 3ost Jraduate courses in emerJency and trauma care EmerJency medicine 7rauma surJery Turkmenistan National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Uganda National, multiple numbers Some facilities Yes No No Yes No 2.8 Ukraine National, single number None No Yes Yes Yes No United Arab Emirates National, single number Subnational No Yes No Yes No United Kingdom National, single number Subnational No Yes Yes Yes Yes United Republic of Tanzania None Subnational No No Yes Yes Yes United States of America National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Uruguay National, single number National No No No Yes Yes Uzbekistan National, single number – Vanuatu National, single number National No No Yes No No Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Viet Nam Partial coverage National No No Yes Yes Yes West Bank and Gaza Strip National, single number None No No Yes Yes Yes 1 Zimbabwe National, multiple numbers None No Yes No No No 7.1 326 TABLE A4: SPEED LAWS AND ENFORCEMENT BY COUNTRY / AREA Country / Area National speed limit law Types of modifications allowed Maximum default speed limits (km/h) Enforcement Predominant type of enforcementUrban Rural Motorways Afghanistan Yes No 90 km/ha 90 km/ha 90 km/ha 4 — Albania Yes Yes 40 km/h 80 km/h 110 km/h 4 Manual and automated Angola Yes No 60 km/h 90 km/h 120 km/h 5 Manual Antigua and Barbuda Yes No ~ 32 km/hb ~ 64 km/h No 5 Manual Argentina Yes Yes 60 km/h 110 km/h 130 km/h 5 Manual and automated Armenia Yes No 90 km/hc 90 km/h 110 km/h 8 Automated Australia Yes Yes 50 km/h 100 - 130 km/h 100 - 130 km/h 8 Manual and automated Austria Yes Yes 50 km/h 100 km/h 130 km/h Automated Azerbaijan Yes No 60 km/h 90 km/h 110 km/h 8 Automated Bangladesh Yes No ~ 112 km/hd ~ 112 km/hd ~ 112 km/hd 5 Manual Barbados Yes No 80 km/he 80 km/he 80 km/he 4 Manual Belarus Yes No 60 km/h 90 km/h 110 km/h 7 Manual and automated Belgium Yes Yes 50 km/h 90 km/hf 120 km/h 7 Manual and automated Belize Yes No ~ 40 km/h ~ 88 km/h ~ 88 km/h 4 Manual Benin No No — — — — — Bhutan Yes No 30 km/h 50 km/h 50 km/h 6 Manual Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Yes Yes 40 km/h g 80 km/hg 80 km/h 3 Manual Bosnia and Herzegovina Yes No 50 km/h h 80 km/h 130 km/h 6 Manual and automated Botswana Yes Yes 60 km/h 80 km/h 120 km/h 8 Manual Brazil Yes Yes 80 km/hh 60 km/hi 110 km/h 6 Automated Bulgaria Yes No 50 km/h 90 km/h 140 km/h 6 Automated Burkina Faso Yes Yes 50 km/h 90 km/h No 7 Manual Burundi Yes Yes 50 km/h 100 km/h 100 km/h 0 Manual Cabo Verde Yes Yes 50 km/h 90 km/h 120 km/h 5 Manual Cambodia Yes No 40 km/h 90 km/h 100 km/h 5 Manual Cameroon Yes Yes 60 km/h 110 km/h No 5 Manual Canada Yes Yes 50 km/h 50 - 100 km/h 80 - 100 km/h 4 Manual Central African Republic Yes Yes 60 km/h 110 km/h No — — 327 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area National speed limit law Types of modifications allowed Maximum default speed limits (km/h) Enforcement Predominant type of enforcementUrban Rural Motorways Chad Yes Yes 60 km/h 110 km/h No 3 — Chile Yes Yes 60 km/hj 100 km/h 120 km/h 5 Manual China Yes Yes 50 km/h 70 km/h 120 km/h 8 Automated Colombia Yes Yes 80 km/h 120 km/h 120 km/h 5 Manual and automated Comoros Yesk — — — — 3 Manual Congo Yes Yes 60 km/h 110 km/h No 4 — Cook Islands Yes No 50 km/hl 50 km/hl 50 km/hl 6 Manual Costa Rica Yes No 50 km/h 60 km/h No 4 Manual Côte d’Ivoire Yes No 60 km/h 110 km/h 120 km/h 5 Manual Croatia Yes Yes 50 km/hm 90 km/h 130 km/h 7 Manual and automated Cuba Yes No 50 km/h 90 km/h 100 km/h 7 Manual Cyprus Yes Yes 65 km/h No 100 km/h 6 Manual Czechia Yes Yes 50 km/hm 90 km/h 130 km/h 5 Manual Democratic Republic of the Congo Yes No 60 km/h n 90 km/h 120 km/h 3 — Denmark Yes Yeso 50 km/h 80 km/h 130 km/h — Automated Dominica No No — — — — — Dominican Republic Yes No 60 km/h 60 km/h 120 km/h 6 Manual Ecuador Yes Yes 60 km/h 120 km/h 135 km/h 7 Manual and automated Egypt Yes Yes 60 km/h 90 km/h 100 km/h 8 Manual and automated El Salvador Yes No 50 km/h 90 km/h No 6 Manual Equatorial Guinea Yes Yes 60 km/h 110 km/h No 0 — Eritrea Yes No 60 km/h 100 km/h No 6 Manual Estonia Yes Yes 50 km/hp 90 km/h Noq 7 Automated Eswatini Yes Yes 100 km/hr 100 km/hr 100 km/hr 6 Manual Ethiopia Yes Yes 60 km/h 70 km/h 100 km/h 2 Manual Fiji Yes No 50 km/h 80 km/h —q 7 Manual and automated Finland Yes Yes 50 km/h 80 km/h 120 km/h 8 Manual and automated France Yes Yes 50 km/h 90 km/h 130 km/h 8 Automated Gabon Yes Yes 60 km/h 110 km/h No 1 — 328 Country / Area National speed limit law Types of modifications allowed Maximum default speed limits (km/h) Enforcement Predominant type of enforcementUrban Rural Motorways Gambia Yes Yes No No No 3 Manual Georgia Yes No 60 km/h 90 km/h 110 km/h 6 Automated Germany Yes Yes 50 km/h 100 km/h Nos — — Ghana Yes No 50 km/h 90 km/h 100 km/h 4 Manual Greece Yes Yes 50 km/h 90 km/h 130 km/h 3 Manual Grenada Yes No ~ 32 km/h ~ 64 km/h No 6 Manual Guatemala Yes Yes 60 km/h 80 km/h 100 km/h 4 Manual Guinea No — — — — — Manual Guinea-Bissau Yes No 50 km/h 80 km/h 100 km/h 1 Manual Guyana Yest No 64 km/h 64 km/h No 7 Manual Honduras Yesu No — — — 6 Manual Hungary Yes Yes 50 km/h 90 km/h 130 km/h 6 Manual and automated Iceland Yes No 50 km/h 90 km/h 100 km/h 7 Automated India Yes Yes 100 km/hv 100 km/hv 100 km/hv 3 Manual Indonesia Yes Yes 50 km/h 80 km/h 100 km/h 8 Manual Iran (Islamic Republic of) Yes No 60 km/h 95 km/h 120 km/h 7 Manual and automated Iraq Yes No 60 km/h 100 km/h 120 km/h 2 Manual Ireland Yes Yes 50 km/h 100 km/h 120 km/h 10 Automated Israel Yes No 50 km/h 80 km/h 110 km/h 5 Automated Italy Yes Yes 50 km/h 110 km/hw 150 km/h 8 Automated Jamaica Yes No ~ 48 km/h ~ 80 km/h No 4 Manual Japan Yes Yes 60 km/h 60 km/h 100 km/h 7 Manual Jordan Yes Yes 90 km/h 120 km/h 120 km/h 7 Manual and automated Kazakhstan Yes No 60 km/hx 110 km/h 140 km/h 7 Automated Kenya Yes No 50 km/h 100 km/h 110 km/h 4 Manual Kiribati Yes No 40 km/h 60 km/h 60 km/h 5 Manual Kuwait Yes No 45 km/h 80 km/h 80 km/h 3 Automated Kyrgyzstan Yes No 60 km/h 90 km/h 110 km/h 5 Manual and automated Lao People’s Democratic Republic Yes No 40 km/h 90 km/h — q 5 Manual Latvia Yes No 50 km/h 90 km/h No 7 Manual and automated 329 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area National speed limit law Types of modifications allowed Maximum default speed limits (km/h) Enforcement Predominant type of enforcementUrban Rural Motorways Lebanon Yes Yes 50 km/h 70 km/h 100 km/h 5 Manual Lesotho Yes No 50 km/h 80 km/h No 2 Manual Liberia Yes No ~ 40 km/h ~ 56 km/h ~ 72 km/h 0 Manual Libya Yes No 50 km/h 85 km/h 100 km/h 2 Manual and automated Lithuania Yes No 50 km/hy 90 km/h 130 km/h 7 Automated Luxembourg Yes Yes 50 km/h 90 km/h 130 km/h 7 Automated Madagascar Yes Yes 50 km/hz No No 4 — Malawi Yes No 50 km/h 80 km/h 100 km/h 4 Manual Malaysia Yes Yes 90 km/haa 90 km/haa 110 km/haa 6 Manual Maldives Yes No 30 km/hab 30 km/hab No 3 Manual Mali Yes Yes 50 km/h 90 km/h 110 km/h 4 Manual Malta Yes No 50 km/h 80 km/h No 4 Automated Mauritania Yes Yes 80 km/h 100 km/h 100 km/h 4 Manual Mauritius Yes No 90 km/h 90 km/h 110 km/h 6 Manual and automated Mexico Yes Yes 20 - 70 km/h 20 - 90 km/h 45 - 110 km/h 4 Manual and automated Micronesia (Federated States of) Yes Yes ac ~ 40 km/h ~ 40 km/h ~ 40 km/h 3 Manual Mongolia Yes No 60 km/h 80 km/h 100 km/h 5 Manual and automated Montenegro Yes No 50 km/h 80 km/h 130 km/h 7 Manual Morocco Yes Yes 60 km/h 100 km/h 120 km/h 7 Manual and automated Mozambique Yes No 60 km/h 120 km/h No 5 Manual Myanmar Yes No 48 km/h 80 km/h No 6 Automated Namibia Yes No 60 km/h 120 km/h 120 km/h 4 Manual Nepal Yes No 40 km/had 80 km/had 80 km/had 2 Manual Netherlands Yes Yes 50 km/h 80 km/h 130 km/h 6 Manual and automated New Zealand Yes Yes 50 km/h 100 km/h 100 km/h 7 Manual and automated Niger Yes No 50 km/h No No 3 Manual Nigeria Yes Yes 50 km/h 80 km/h 100 km/h 6 Manual Norway Yes Yes 50 km/h 80 km/h 100 km/h 10 Manual and automated 330 Country / Area National speed limit law Types of modifications allowed Maximum default speed limits (km/h) Enforcement Predominant type of enforcementUrban Rural Motorways Oman Yes No — — — 10 Manual and automated Pakistan Yes Yes 90 km/h 110 km/h 130 km/h 4 Manual Panama Yes No 80 km/h 100 km/h 120 km/h 4 Manual Papua New Guinea Yes No 60 km/h 75 km/h — — — Paraguay Yes Yes 50 km/h 110 km/h 110 km/h 4 Manual Peru Yes Yes 60 km/h 60 km/h 100 km/h 1 Manual Philippines Yes Yes 40 km/h 80 km/h No 5 Manual Poland Yes Yes 50 km/hae 90 km/h 140 km/h 8 Manual Portugal Yes No 50 km/h 90 km/h 120 km/h 7 Manual Qatar Yes No 100 km/h 120 km/h 120 km/h 7 Automated Republic of Korea Yes Yes 80 km/h 80 km/h 120 km/h 8 Automated Republic of Moldova Yes No 50 km/h 110 km/h 110 km/h 8 Manual and automated Romania Yes Yes 50 km/h 90 km/h 130 km/h 7 Manual Russian Federation Yes Yesaf 60 km/h 90 km/h 110 km/h 8 Automated Rwanda Yes Yes 80 km/hag 80 km/hag 80 km/hag 8 Automated Saint Lucia Yes No ~ 24 km/h ~ 24 km/h ~ 56 km/h 0 — Samoa Yes No ~ 56 km/h ~ 56 km/h —q 9 Manual San Marino Yes No 70 km/h 70 km/h No 6 Manual and automated Sao Tome and Principe Yes No 50 km/h 90 km/h 120 km/h 2 — Saudi Arabia Yes No 80 km/h 120 km/h No 7 Automated Senegal Yes Yes No 90 km/h 110 km/h 5 Manual Serbia Yes Yes 50 km/hah 100 km/h 120 km/h 6 Manual Seychelles Yes No 25 - 80 km/hai 80 km/h ai 80 km/hai 6 Manual Singapore Yes No 70 km/haj —ak 90 km/h 8 Manual and automated Slovakia Yes No 50 km/h 90 km/h 130 km/h 7 Manual Slovenia Yes No 50 km/hal 90 km/h 130 km/h 7 Manual Solomon Islands Yesam Yes — — — 5 Manual Somalia Yes Yes 40 km/h No No 1 — South Africa Yes Yes 60 km/h 100 km/h 120 km/h 6 Manual and automated 331 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area National speed limit law Types of modifications allowed Maximum default speed limits (km/h) Enforcement Predominant type of enforcementUrban Rural Motorways South Sudan Yes No 50 km/h No No 3 Manual Spain Yes Yesan 50 km/h 90 km/h 120 km/h 8 Manual and automated Sri Lanka Yes No 50 km/h 70 km/h 100 km/h 9 Manual Sudan Yes Yes 50 km/h 90 km/h No 6 Manual and automated Suriname Yes No 40 km/h 80 km/h 80 km/h 5 Manual Sweden Yes Yes 50 km/h 110 km/h 120 km/h 8 Automated Switzerland Yes No 50 km/h 80 km/h 120 km/h 7 — Syrian Arab Republic Yes Yes — — — 5 Manual and automated Tajikistan Yes No 60 km/h 90 km/h 110 km/h 9 Manual Thailand Yes No 80 km/h 90 km/h 120 km/h 5 Manual The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Yes No 50 km/hal 90 km/h 130 km/h 6 Manual Timor-Leste Yes No 50 km/h 90 km/h 120 km/h 5 Manual Togo No No — — — — Manual Tonga Yes No 50 km/h 70 km/h 70 km/h 7 Manual Trinidad and Tobago Yes No 50 km/h 80 km/h No 5 Manual Tunisia Yes Yes 50 km/h 90 km/h 110 km/h 5 Manual Turkey Yes Yes 50 km/h 110 km/hao 120 km/hao 9 Manual and automated Turkmenistan Yes Yes 60 km/h 90 km/h 110 km/h 10 Manual and automated Uganda Yes No 50 km/h 100 km/h No 7 Manual Ukraine Yes Yes 60 km/h 90 km/h 130 km/h 3 — United Arab Emirates Yes Yes —ap —ap —ap 10 Automated United Kingdom Yes Yes ~ 48 km/h ~ 96 km/h ~ 112 km/h 8 Automated United Republic of Tanzania Yes Yes 50 km/h No No 8 Manual United States of America Yes Yes ~ 32 - 128 km/h ~ 40 - 128 km/h ~ 40 - 128 km/h — Manual Uruguay Yes Yes 45 km/h 90 km/h 90 km/h 6 Manual and automated Uzbekistan Yes No 70 km/h 100 km/h No 8 Manual Vanuatu No No — — — — — 332 Country / Area National speed limit law Types of modifications allowed Maximum default speed limits (km/h) Enforcement Predominant type of enforcementUrban Rural Motorways Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) No No — — — — — Viet Nam Yes No 60 km/h 90 km/h 120 km/h 7 Manual and automated West Bank and Gaza Strip Yes No 50 km/h 80 km/h 110 km/h 2 Manual Zimbabwe Yes Yes 60 km/h 80 km/haq 120 km/h 6 Manual a Speed limit set per vehicle type with a maximum speed limit of 90 km/h for fast moving vehicles, decreased by 20 km/h in mountain paths b Applies in the City of Saint John’s and in designated «speed limit areas» c The limit in residential area is reduced to 60 km/h d Speed limit set per vehicle type with a maximum speed limit of 70 miles per hour (112 km/h) for light vehicles e Speed limit set per vehicle type with a maximum speed limit of 80 km/h for specified vehicles including private motor cars f The 90 km/h speed limit applies on rural areas in Brussels capital region and Wallon region while there is a 70 km/h speed limit in the Flemish region g Can be increased to an unspecified speed under certain circumstances h Can be increased up to an unspecified speed i This limit applies to unpaved roadways while on undivided highway the maximum speed limit is 100 km/h for automobiles, light trucks and motorcycles j Can be increased up to an unspecified limit under certain circumstances k Traffic code refers to regulations to set maximum speed limits, regulations not available l Speed limit applicable on any road, decreased to 30 km/h in reduced speed zones m Can be increased up to 80 km/h n Traffic signs may on certain public highways provide for a higher speed limit not exceeding 80 km/h o Speed limits can be modified at local level by the road authorities and the police p Can be increased up to 90 km/h on certain conditions q No motorways in the country r Speed limit for public roads is 100 km/h for a road with a surface of concrete, bitumen or tar and 80 km/h for other roads s There is no maximum speed limit on motorways t Speed limits set per vehicle type and road type - for motor cars, speed limits are: 30 mph (48 km/h) on restricted roads, 60 mph (96 km/h) on Timehri / Linden Highway and 40 mph (64 km/h) elsewhere u Legislation refers to regulations to set maximum speed limits, regulations not available v Speed limit set per vehicle type with a maximum speed limit of 100 km/h for passengers cars comprising not more than eight seats in addition to the driver’s seat w 110 km/h for main suburban roads, 90 km/h for secondary suburban roads x Can be increased up to 90 km/h y Can be increased or decreased to an unspecified speed under certain circumstances z Can be modified up to 80 km/h aa Speed limit set per vehicle and road type with a maximum speed limit for passengers cars of 110 km/h on highways and 90 km/h on other roads ab Speed limit set per vehicle type with a maximum speed limit of 30 km/h for specified vehicles, except in designated areas with higher speeds ac Speed limit may be increased by the governor (Kosrae, Yap) or by the director of the department of public safety (Pohnpei) ad Speed limit set per vehicle type with a maximum speed limit of 80 km/h for specified vehicles including cars, and a maximum limit of 40 km/h in an area with dense settlement 333 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 ae 60 km/h from 23:00-05:00 af Local authorities can modify national speed limits through the posting of speed signs ag Speed limit set per vehicle type with a maximum speed limit of 80 km/h for passengers cars (not exceeding 3500 kg) ah Can be increased to 80 km/h ai Speed limits depend on the geographical area considered: the maximum speed limit is 40 km/h on roads in Greater Victoria and 80 km/h on any other roads; different speed limits are set for the island of praslin and la digue subject respectively to a 65 km/h and 25 km/h speed limit aj Different speed limits are set in urban areas ranging from 30 km/h to 70 km/h ak No rural roads in Singapore al Can be increased up to 70 km/h am Speed limits are established locally per vehicle type and / or per road names or areas an Road authorities can decrease speed limits on both urban and rural roads. Speed limits can only be increased on urban highways ao Ministry of Interior can increase speed limits by 20 km/h for automobiles ap Speed limits are established at subnational level per streets’ names aq A 120 km/h speed limits applies on roads having a bituminous surface coat of 6 metres of more in width 334 TABLE A5: DRINKING AND DRIVING LAWS, ENFORCEMENT AND ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS ATTRIBUTED TO ALCOHOL BY COUNTRY / AREA Country / Area National drink driving law Based on BAC / BrAC National maximum legal BAC levels (g/dl) Random breath testing carried out Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Enforcement % road traffic deaths involving alcohol National drug driving law Alcohol prohibitedGeneral population Young / novice drivers Professional / commercial drivers Afghanistan Yesa No — — — Yes All drivers tested 6 – Yes Yesb Albania Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 Yes Some drivers tested 6 5.2 Yes No Angola Yes Yes ≤ 0.06 ≤ 0.06 ≤ 0.06 Yes Some drivers tested 5 – Yes No Antigua and Barbuda Yesa No — — — No Some drivers tested 4 0.9 Yes No Argentina Yes Yes ≤0.05c ≤0.05c 0.00 Yes — 6 17 Yes No Armenia Yes Yes ≤0.04 ≤0.04 ≤0.04 Yesd All drivers tested 6 1.9 Yes No Australia Yes Yes < 0.05 0.00 0.00 Yes All drivers tested 8 17 Yes No Austria Yes Yes <0.05 <0.01 <0.01 Yes All drivers tested — 5.1 Yes No Azerbaijan Yese No — — — Yes All drivers tested 9 15 Yes No Bangladesh Yesa No — — — Yes Some drivers tested 2 – Yes Yesb Barbados Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yesf All drivers tested 2 – Yes No Belarus Yes Yes <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 Yesd All drivers tested 8 14.3 (Drivers) Yes No Belgium Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.02 Yes Some drivers tested 6 – Yes No Belize Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yesf All drivers tested 4 – Yes No Benin Yesa No — — — Yes No 1 – No No Bhutan Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 0.00 0.00 Yes Some drivers tested 6 – Yes No Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 Yes d All drivers tested 4 6.4 Yes No Bosnia and Herzegovina Yes Yes ≤0.03 0.00 0.0 Yes All drivers tested 6 20.8 Yes No Botswana Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.025 Yes Some drivers tested 6 3.8 Yes No Brazil Yes Yes 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yes Some drivers tested 6 – Yes No Bulgaria Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 Yes All drivers tested 5 0.9 Yes No Burkina Faso Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.02 ≤0.02 Yes No — – Yes No Burundi Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yesd No 1 – No No Cabo Verde Yes Yes <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 Yesg No 5 – No No Cambodia Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Yes No 5 13 Yes No Cameroon Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yes No 2 – No No Canada Yes Yes 0.04 - 0.08* 0.00 - 0.08 0.04 - 0.08 Yesd All drivers tested 8 29.6 Yes No Central African Republic Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 No No — – No No Chad Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 No No 1 – No No Chile Yes Yes ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 Yes All drivers tested 6 13 Yes No China Yes Yes <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 Yesd All drivers tested 9 0.4 Yes No Colombia Yes Yes <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 Yes All drivers tested 5 – Yes No Comoros Yesa No — — — No No 2 – Yes No 335 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area National drink driving law Based on BAC / BrAC National maximum legal BAC levels (g/dl) Random breath testing carried out Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Enforcement % road traffic deaths involving alcohol National drug driving law Alcohol prohibitedGeneral population Young / novice drivers Professional / commercial drivers Afghanistan Yesa No — — — Yes All drivers tested 6 – Yes Yesb Albania Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 Yes Some drivers tested 6 5.2 Yes No Angola Yes Yes ≤ 0.06 ≤ 0.06 ≤ 0.06 Yes Some drivers tested 5 – Yes No Antigua and Barbuda Yesa No — — — No Some drivers tested 4 0.9 Yes No Argentina Yes Yes ≤0.05c ≤0.05c 0.00 Yes — 6 17 Yes No Armenia Yes Yes ≤0.04 ≤0.04 ≤0.04 Yesd All drivers tested 6 1.9 Yes No Australia Yes Yes < 0.05 0.00 0.00 Yes All drivers tested 8 17 Yes No Austria Yes Yes <0.05 <0.01 <0.01 Yes All drivers tested — 5.1 Yes No Azerbaijan Yese No — — — Yes All drivers tested 9 15 Yes No Bangladesh Yesa No — — — Yes Some drivers tested 2 – Yes Yesb Barbados Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yesf All drivers tested 2 – Yes No Belarus Yes Yes <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 Yesd All drivers tested 8 14.3 (Drivers) Yes No Belgium Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.02 Yes Some drivers tested 6 – Yes No Belize Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yesf All drivers tested 4 – Yes No Benin Yesa No — — — Yes No 1 – No No Bhutan Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 0.00 0.00 Yes Some drivers tested 6 – Yes No Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 Yes d All drivers tested 4 6.4 Yes No Bosnia and Herzegovina Yes Yes ≤0.03 0.00 0.0 Yes All drivers tested 6 20.8 Yes No Botswana Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.025 Yes Some drivers tested 6 3.8 Yes No Brazil Yes Yes 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yes Some drivers tested 6 – Yes No Bulgaria Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 Yes All drivers tested 5 0.9 Yes No Burkina Faso Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.02 ≤0.02 Yes No — – Yes No Burundi Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yesd No 1 – No No Cabo Verde Yes Yes <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 Yesg No 5 – No No Cambodia Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Yes No 5 13 Yes No Cameroon Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yes No 2 – No No Canada Yes Yes 0.04 - 0.08* 0.00 - 0.08 0.04 - 0.08 Yesd All drivers tested 8 29.6 Yes No Central African Republic Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 No No — – No No Chad Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 No No 1 – No No Chile Yes Yes ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 Yes All drivers tested 6 13 Yes No China Yes Yes <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 Yesd All drivers tested 9 0.4 Yes No Colombia Yes Yes <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 Yes All drivers tested 5 – Yes No Comoros Yesa No — — — No No 2 – Yes No 336 Country / Area National drink driving law Based on BAC / BrAC National maximum legal BAC levels (g/dl) Random breath testing carried out Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Enforcement % road traffic deaths involving alcohol National drug driving law Alcohol prohibitedGeneral population Young / novice drivers Professional / commercial drivers Congo Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yes No 2 – No No Cook Islands Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yes All drivers tested 6 39 Yes No Costa Rica Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02 Yes All drivers tested 4 31.2 Yes No Côte d’Ivoire Yes Yes <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 Yes No 3 – No No Croatia Yes Yes ≤0.05 0.00 0.00 Yes Some drivers tested 8 23.8 Yes No Cuba Yes Yes ≤0.01 0.00 0.00 Yes All drivers tested 7 33.3 Yes No Cyprus Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.02 ≤0.02 Yes All drivers tested 7 17.4 Yes No Czechia Yes Yes ≤0.03 ≤0.03 ≤0.03 Yes All drivers tested 7 9.5 Yes No Democratic Republic of the Congo Yes Yes <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 Yes d No 2 – No No Denmark Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 Yes Some drivers tested — – Yes No Dominica Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 No No 1 – Yes No Dominican Republic Yes Yes ≤0.05 0.00 0.00 Yes Some drivers tested 3 – Yes No Ecuador Yes Yes ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.01 Yesd All drivers tested 7 6.8 Yes No Egypt Yesa No — — — No Some drivers tested 8 – Yes No El Salvador Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Yes Some drivers tested 7 – Yes No Equatorial Guinea Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 No — — – No No Eritrea Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.03 Yesd No 7 – Yes No Estonia Yes Yes <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 Yes All drivers tested 8 10 Yes No Eswatini Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.02 Yesd No 9 – Yes No Ethiopia Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yesd All drivers tested 2 4.3 Yes No Fiji Yes Yes ≤0.08 0.00 0.00 Yes Some drivers tested 6 5 Yes No Finland Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Yes All drivers tested 9 24 Yes No France Yes Yes <0.05 <0.02 <0.05** Yes All drivers tested 7 29 Yes No Gabon Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yes No 1 – No No Gambia Yesa No — — — No No 1 2.1 Yes No Georgia Yes Yes ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 Yesd All drivers tested 7 9 Yes No Germany Yes Yes <0.05 0.00 <0.05 Yes Some drivers tested — 7 Yes No Ghana Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yesf Some drivers tested 3 – Yes No Greece Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 Yes All drivers tested 4 25.3 Yes No Grenada Yesa No — — — No No 1 – Yes No Guatemala Yesa No — — — Yes Some drivers tested 4 – Yes No Guinea Yes Yes <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 No No 2 – No No Guinea-Bissau Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 No Some drivers tested 1 – Yes Yesb 337 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area National drink driving law Based on BAC / BrAC National maximum legal BAC levels (g/dl) Random breath testing carried out Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Enforcement % road traffic deaths involving alcohol National drug driving law Alcohol prohibitedGeneral population Young / novice drivers Professional / commercial drivers Congo Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yes No 2 – No No Cook Islands Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yes All drivers tested 6 39 Yes No Costa Rica Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02 Yes All drivers tested 4 31.2 Yes No Côte d’Ivoire Yes Yes <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 Yes No 3 – No No Croatia Yes Yes ≤0.05 0.00 0.00 Yes Some drivers tested 8 23.8 Yes No Cuba Yes Yes ≤0.01 0.00 0.00 Yes All drivers tested 7 33.3 Yes No Cyprus Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.02 ≤0.02 Yes All drivers tested 7 17.4 Yes No Czechia Yes Yes ≤0.03 ≤0.03 ≤0.03 Yes All drivers tested 7 9.5 Yes No Democratic Republic of the Congo Yes Yes <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 Yes d No 2 – No No Denmark Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 Yes Some drivers tested — – Yes No Dominica Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 No No 1 – Yes No Dominican Republic Yes Yes ≤0.05 0.00 0.00 Yes Some drivers tested 3 – Yes No Ecuador Yes Yes ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.01 Yesd All drivers tested 7 6.8 Yes No Egypt Yesa No — — — No Some drivers tested 8 – Yes No El Salvador Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Yes Some drivers tested 7 – Yes No Equatorial Guinea Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 No — — – No No Eritrea Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.03 Yesd No 7 – Yes No Estonia Yes Yes <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 Yes All drivers tested 8 10 Yes No Eswatini Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.02 Yesd No 9 – Yes No Ethiopia Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yesd All drivers tested 2 4.3 Yes No Fiji Yes Yes ≤0.08 0.00 0.00 Yes Some drivers tested 6 5 Yes No Finland Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Yes All drivers tested 9 24 Yes No France Yes Yes <0.05 <0.02 <0.05** Yes All drivers tested 7 29 Yes No Gabon Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yes No 1 – No No Gambia Yesa No — — — No No 1 2.1 Yes No Georgia Yes Yes ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 Yesd All drivers tested 7 9 Yes No Germany Yes Yes <0.05 0.00 <0.05 Yes Some drivers tested — 7 Yes No Ghana Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yesf Some drivers tested 3 – Yes No Greece Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 Yes All drivers tested 4 25.3 Yes No Grenada Yesa No — — — No No 1 – Yes No Guatemala Yesa No — — — Yes Some drivers tested 4 – Yes No Guinea Yes Yes <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 No No 2 – No No Guinea-Bissau Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 No Some drivers tested 1 – Yes Yesb 338 Country / Area National drink driving law Based on BAC / BrAC National maximum legal BAC levels (g/dl) Random breath testing carried out Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Enforcement % road traffic deaths involving alcohol National drug driving law Alcohol prohibitedGeneral population Young / novice drivers Professional / commercial drivers Guyana Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yesd No 7 17 Yes No Honduras Yes Yes <0.07 <0.07 <0.07 Yesd All drivers tested 8 6.8 Yes No Hungary Yesh Yes 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yesd All drivers tested 5 7.1 Yes No Iceland Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Yes All drivers tested 7 14 Yes No India Yes Yes ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 Yesd Some drivers tested 4 4.1 Yes No Indonesia Yesa No — — — Yes All drivers tested 9 – Yes No Iran (Islamic Republic of) Yesa No — — — Yesd Some drivers tested 7 1.7 Yes Yesb Iraq Yesa No — — — Yes Some drivers tested 2 – Yes Yesb Ireland Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02 Yes All drivers tested 10 38.5 Yes No Israel Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.01 ≤ 0.01 Yes All drivers tested 7 3.6 Yes No Italy Yes Yes ≤0.05 0.00 0.00 Yes Some drivers tested 7 20 - 25 Yes No Jamaica Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yesf Some drivers tested 2 – Yes No Japan Yes Yes <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 Yes Some drivers tested 9 5.6 Yes No Jordan Yes Yes <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 Yesi Some drivers tested 3 – Yes No Kazakhstan Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 No All drivers tested 7 0.3 Yes Yesb Kenya Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yesf No 5 – Yes No Kiribati Yes Yes ≤0.05j 0.00j 0.00j Yes No 4 – Yes No Kuwait Yesa No — — — No No 5 – Yes Yesb Kyrgyzstan Yesa No — — — Yes All drivers tested 5 – Yes No Lao People’s Democratic Republic Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 0.00 Yes No 3 – No k No Latvia Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02 Yesd All drivers tested 7 10.8 Yes No Lebanon Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 0.00 0.00 Yes Some drivers tested 3 – Yes No Lesotho Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yes No 2 60 Yes No Liberia Yes Yes <0.15*** <0.15*** <0.15*** No All drivers tested 0 – Yes No Libya Yesa No — — — No Some drivers tested 7 1.2 Yes Yesb Lithuania Yes Yes ≤0.04 0.00 0.00 Yes All drivers tested 8 9.6 Yes No Luxembourg Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.02 < 0.02 Yes All drivers tested 6 14 Yes No Madagascar Yes Yes <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 Yes Some drivers tested 2 – Yes No Malawi Yes Yes <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 Yes No 4 – Yes No Malaysia Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yes All drivers tested 4 0.1 No No Maldives Nob No — — — No No — – No Yesb Mali Yes Yes <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 Yes No 3 0.4 Yes No Malta Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02l Yesd All drivers tested 4 – Yes No 339 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area National drink driving law Based on BAC / BrAC National maximum legal BAC levels (g/dl) Random breath testing carried out Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Enforcement % road traffic deaths involving alcohol National drug driving law Alcohol prohibitedGeneral population Young / novice drivers Professional / commercial drivers Guyana Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yesd No 7 17 Yes No Honduras Yes Yes <0.07 <0.07 <0.07 Yesd All drivers tested 8 6.8 Yes No Hungary Yesh Yes 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yesd All drivers tested 5 7.1 Yes No Iceland Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Yes All drivers tested 7 14 Yes No India Yes Yes ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 Yesd Some drivers tested 4 4.1 Yes No Indonesia Yesa No — — — Yes All drivers tested 9 – Yes No Iran (Islamic Republic of) Yesa No — — — Yesd Some drivers tested 7 1.7 Yes Yesb Iraq Yesa No — — — Yes Some drivers tested 2 – Yes Yesb Ireland Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02 Yes All drivers tested 10 38.5 Yes No Israel Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.01 ≤ 0.01 Yes All drivers tested 7 3.6 Yes No Italy Yes Yes ≤0.05 0.00 0.00 Yes Some drivers tested 7 20 - 25 Yes No Jamaica Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yesf Some drivers tested 2 – Yes No Japan Yes Yes <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 Yes Some drivers tested 9 5.6 Yes No Jordan Yes Yes <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 Yesi Some drivers tested 3 – Yes No Kazakhstan Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 No All drivers tested 7 0.3 Yes Yesb Kenya Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yesf No 5 – Yes No Kiribati Yes Yes ≤0.05j 0.00j 0.00j Yes No 4 – Yes No Kuwait Yesa No — — — No No 5 – Yes Yesb Kyrgyzstan Yesa No — — — Yes All drivers tested 5 – Yes No Lao People’s Democratic Republic Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 0.00 Yes No 3 – No k No Latvia Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02 Yesd All drivers tested 7 10.8 Yes No Lebanon Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 0.00 0.00 Yes Some drivers tested 3 – Yes No Lesotho Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yes No 2 60 Yes No Liberia Yes Yes <0.15*** <0.15*** <0.15*** No All drivers tested 0 – Yes No Libya Yesa No — — — No Some drivers tested 7 1.2 Yes Yesb Lithuania Yes Yes ≤0.04 0.00 0.00 Yes All drivers tested 8 9.6 Yes No Luxembourg Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.02 < 0.02 Yes All drivers tested 6 14 Yes No Madagascar Yes Yes <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 Yes Some drivers tested 2 – Yes No Malawi Yes Yes <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 Yes No 4 – Yes No Malaysia Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yes All drivers tested 4 0.1 No No Maldives Nob No — — — No No — – No Yesb Mali Yes Yes <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 Yes No 3 0.4 Yes No Malta Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02l Yesd All drivers tested 4 – Yes No 340 Country / Area National drink driving law Based on BAC / BrAC National maximum legal BAC levels (g/dl) Random breath testing carried out Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Enforcement % road traffic deaths involving alcohol National drug driving law Alcohol prohibitedGeneral population Young / novice drivers Professional / commercial drivers Mauritania Yesa No — — — No No 8 – Yes Yesb Mauritius Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 Yesd All drivers tested 7 23.6 Yes No Mexico Yesm No — — — Yes Some drivers tested 7 19.5 Yes No Micronesia (Federated States of) Yes n No — — — No No 5 100 Yes No Mongolia Yes Yes <0.04o <0.04o <0.04o Yesf All drivers tested 8 25 Yes No Montenegro Yes Yes ≤0.03 0.00 ≤0.03 Yes All drivers tested 7 – Yes No Morocco Yes Yes <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 Yes No 5 3.7 Yes Yesb Mozambique Yes Yes <0.06 <0.06 <0.06**** Yes Some drivers tested 6 – Yes No Myanmar Yesa No — — — Yes Some drivers tested 6 21.4 Yes Yesb Namibia Yes Yes ≤0.079 ≤0.079 ≤0.079 Yes Some drivers tested 4 3.9 Yes No Nepal Yesa No — — — Yes Some drivers tested 8 – Yes No Netherlands Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.05 Yes No 6 11 - 24 Yes No New Zealand Yes Yes ≤0.05 0.00 ≤0.05 Yes Some drivers tested 7 27 Yes No Niger Yesa No — — — No No 6 – Yes No Nigeria Yes Yes ≤0.05p ≤0.002q ≤0.000r Yes No 4 0.5 Yes No Norway Yes Yes ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02 Yes Some drivers tested 10 13 Yes No Oman Yesa No — — — Yes All drivers tested 10 0.7 Yes No Pakistan Yesa No — — — No No 4 – Yes Yesb Panama Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 Yes All drivers tested 5 – Yes No Papua New Guinea Yess No — — — No No — 56 Yes No Paraguay Yes Yes 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yes All drivers tested 6 – Yes No Peru Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤ 0.025 Yes All drivers tested 2 9.3 Yes No Philippines Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 0.00 Yesd Some drivers tested 4 – Yes No Poland Yes Yes < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 Yes All drivers tested 10 12.7 Yes No Portugal Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.02 < 0.02 Yes All drivers tested 7 29.2 Yes No Qatar Yesa No — — — No All drivers tested 9 2.2 Yes Yesb Republic of Korea Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Yesd Some drivers tested 7 11.2 Yes No Republic of Moldova Yes Yes ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 Yes All drivers tested 8 9.4 Yes No Romania Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yes All drivers tested 8 5.6 Yes No Russian Federation Yes Yes ≤0.03o ≤0.03o ≤0.03o Yes All drivers tested 6 22.9 Yes No Rwanda Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yesf Some drivers tested 9 – No No Saint Lucia Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 No All drivers tested 0 – Yes No Samoa Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yes No 8 – Yes No 341 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area National drink driving law Based on BAC / BrAC National maximum legal BAC levels (g/dl) Random breath testing carried out Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Enforcement % road traffic deaths involving alcohol National drug driving law Alcohol prohibitedGeneral population Young / novice drivers Professional / commercial drivers Mauritania Yesa No — — — No No 8 – Yes Yesb Mauritius Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 Yesd All drivers tested 7 23.6 Yes No Mexico Yesm No — — — Yes Some drivers tested 7 19.5 Yes No Micronesia (Federated States of) Yes n No — — — No No 5 100 Yes No Mongolia Yes Yes <0.04o <0.04o <0.04o Yesf All drivers tested 8 25 Yes No Montenegro Yes Yes ≤0.03 0.00 ≤0.03 Yes All drivers tested 7 – Yes No Morocco Yes Yes <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 Yes No 5 3.7 Yes Yesb Mozambique Yes Yes <0.06 <0.06 <0.06**** Yes Some drivers tested 6 – Yes No Myanmar Yesa No — — — Yes Some drivers tested 6 21.4 Yes Yesb Namibia Yes Yes ≤0.079 ≤0.079 ≤0.079 Yes Some drivers tested 4 3.9 Yes No Nepal Yesa No — — — Yes Some drivers tested 8 – Yes No Netherlands Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.05 Yes No 6 11 - 24 Yes No New Zealand Yes Yes ≤0.05 0.00 ≤0.05 Yes Some drivers tested 7 27 Yes No Niger Yesa No — — — No No 6 – Yes No Nigeria Yes Yes ≤0.05p ≤0.002q ≤0.000r Yes No 4 0.5 Yes No Norway Yes Yes ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02 Yes Some drivers tested 10 13 Yes No Oman Yesa No — — — Yes All drivers tested 10 0.7 Yes No Pakistan Yesa No — — — No No 4 – Yes Yesb Panama Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 Yes All drivers tested 5 – Yes No Papua New Guinea Yess No — — — No No — 56 Yes No Paraguay Yes Yes 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yes All drivers tested 6 – Yes No Peru Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤ 0.025 Yes All drivers tested 2 9.3 Yes No Philippines Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 0.00 Yesd Some drivers tested 4 – Yes No Poland Yes Yes < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 Yes All drivers tested 10 12.7 Yes No Portugal Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.02 < 0.02 Yes All drivers tested 7 29.2 Yes No Qatar Yesa No — — — No All drivers tested 9 2.2 Yes Yesb Republic of Korea Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Yesd Some drivers tested 7 11.2 Yes No Republic of Moldova Yes Yes ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 Yes All drivers tested 8 9.4 Yes No Romania Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yes All drivers tested 8 5.6 Yes No Russian Federation Yes Yes ≤0.03o ≤0.03o ≤0.03o Yes All drivers tested 6 22.9 Yes No Rwanda Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yesf Some drivers tested 9 – No No Saint Lucia Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 No All drivers tested 0 – Yes No Samoa Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yes No 8 – Yes No 342 Country / Area National drink driving law Based on BAC / BrAC National maximum legal BAC levels (g/dl) Random breath testing carried out Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Enforcement % road traffic deaths involving alcohol National drug driving law Alcohol prohibitedGeneral population Young / novice drivers Professional / commercial drivers San Marino Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 Yesd All drivers tested 6 – Yes No Sao Tome and Principe Yes Yes <0.12 <0.12 <0.12 No No 2 – Yes No Saudi Arabia Yesa No — — — No Some drivers tested 9 – Yes Yesb Senegal Yesa No — — — No No 3 – Yes No Serbia Yes Yes ≤0.03 0.00 0.00 Yes All drivers tested 5 17 Yes No Seychelles Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yesf No 6 – Yes No Singapore Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yesf All drivers tested 8 6.4 Yes No Slovakia Yest Yes 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yes All drivers tested 8 6.1 Yes No Slovenia Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 0.00 0.00 Yes All drivers tested 7 32 Yes No Solomon Islands Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Yes Some drivers tested 7 – Yes No Somalia Yesa No — — — No No 1 – Yes Yesb South Africa Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.02 Yes Some drivers tested 5 57.5 Yes No South Sudan Yesa No — — — No No 0 – Yes No Spain Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤0.03 ≤0.03 Yes Some drivers tested 7 17 Males, 6.7 Females Yes No Sri Lanka Yes Yes < 0.08 < 0.08 < 0.08 No Some drivers tested 9 – Yes No Sudan Yesa No — — — Yes All drivers tested 7 0.3 Yes Yesb Suriname Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 Yes Some drivers tested 5 – Yes No Sweden Yes Yes < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 Yes All drivers tested 6 24 Yes No Switzerland Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.01 < 0.01 Yes Some drivers tested 6 13 Yes No Syrian Arab Republic Yesu No — — — Yes Some drivers tested 7 – No No Tajikistan Yesa No — — — Yes All drivers tested 9 4.2 Yes No Thailand Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.02 0.00 Yesd Some drivers tested 6 14.1 Yes No The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Yes Yes ≤0.05 < 0.01 ≤0.009 Yes All drivers tested 5 1.4 Yes No Timor-Leste Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 No Some drivers tested 4 – Yes No Togo Yesa No — — — No No 0 – Yes No Tonga Yes Yes <0.03o <0.03o <0.03o Yes No 5 77 No No Trinidad and Tobago Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yesd All drivers tested 6 – Yes No Tunisia Yes Yes <0.03 0.00 0.00 No All drivers tested 3 1.6 Yes No Turkey Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.02 Yes All drivers tested 9 3.3 Yes No Turkmenistan Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 Yes All drivers tested 10 – No No Uganda Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 0.00 Yesf Some drivers tested 6 0.8 Yes No Ukraine Yes Yes ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02 ≤0.02 No All drivers tested 5 6.7 Yes No 343 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area National drink driving law Based on BAC / BrAC National maximum legal BAC levels (g/dl) Random breath testing carried out Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Enforcement % road traffic deaths involving alcohol National drug driving law Alcohol prohibitedGeneral population Young / novice drivers Professional / commercial drivers San Marino Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 Yesd All drivers tested 6 – Yes No Sao Tome and Principe Yes Yes <0.12 <0.12 <0.12 No No 2 – Yes No Saudi Arabia Yesa No — — — No Some drivers tested 9 – Yes Yesb Senegal Yesa No — — — No No 3 – Yes No Serbia Yes Yes ≤0.03 0.00 0.00 Yes All drivers tested 5 17 Yes No Seychelles Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yesf No 6 – Yes No Singapore Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yesf All drivers tested 8 6.4 Yes No Slovakia Yest Yes 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yes All drivers tested 8 6.1 Yes No Slovenia Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 0.00 0.00 Yes All drivers tested 7 32 Yes No Solomon Islands Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Yes Some drivers tested 7 – Yes No Somalia Yesa No — — — No No 1 – Yes Yesb South Africa Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.02 Yes Some drivers tested 5 57.5 Yes No South Sudan Yesa No — — — No No 0 – Yes No Spain Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤0.03 ≤0.03 Yes Some drivers tested 7 17 Males, 6.7 Females Yes No Sri Lanka Yes Yes < 0.08 < 0.08 < 0.08 No Some drivers tested 9 – Yes No Sudan Yesa No — — — Yes All drivers tested 7 0.3 Yes Yesb Suriname Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 Yes Some drivers tested 5 – Yes No Sweden Yes Yes < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 Yes All drivers tested 6 24 Yes No Switzerland Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.01 < 0.01 Yes Some drivers tested 6 13 Yes No Syrian Arab Republic Yesu No — — — Yes Some drivers tested 7 – No No Tajikistan Yesa No — — — Yes All drivers tested 9 4.2 Yes No Thailand Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.02 0.00 Yesd Some drivers tested 6 14.1 Yes No The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Yes Yes ≤0.05 < 0.01 ≤0.009 Yes All drivers tested 5 1.4 Yes No Timor-Leste Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 No Some drivers tested 4 – Yes No Togo Yesa No — — — No No 0 – Yes No Tonga Yes Yes <0.03o <0.03o <0.03o Yes No 5 77 No No Trinidad and Tobago Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yesd All drivers tested 6 – Yes No Tunisia Yes Yes <0.03 0.00 0.00 No All drivers tested 3 1.6 Yes No Turkey Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.02 Yes All drivers tested 9 3.3 Yes No Turkmenistan Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 Yes All drivers tested 10 – No No Uganda Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 0.00 Yesf Some drivers tested 6 0.8 Yes No Ukraine Yes Yes ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02 ≤0.02 No All drivers tested 5 6.7 Yes No 344 Country / Area National drink driving law Based on BAC / BrAC National maximum legal BAC levels (g/dl) Random breath testing carried out Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Enforcement % road traffic deaths involving alcohol National drug driving law Alcohol prohibitedGeneral population Young / novice drivers Professional / commercial drivers United Arab Emirates Yes Yes ≤ 0.01 ≤ 0.01 ≤ 0.01 No All drivers tested 10 1.8 Yes Yesb United Kingdom Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08***** ≤0.08***** Yesd All drivers tested 8 13 (GB), 23 (NI) Yes No United Republic of Tanzania Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 0.00 Yes f No 6 1 Yes No United States of America Yes Yes ≤0.08 0.00 - 0.08****** 0.00 - 0.08 Yes Some drivers tested — 29 Yes No Uruguay Yes Yes 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yes Some drivers tested 9 – Yes No Uzbekistan Yesa No — — — Yes — 10 3.6 Yes No Vanuatu Yesa No — — — No No 0 67 Yes No Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Yes a No — — — Yes All drivers tested 4 – Yes No Viet Nam Yesv Yes 0.00— 0.05 0.00 — 0.05v 0.00 — 0.05 Yes Some drivers tested 8 – Yes No West Bank and Gaza Strip Yesa No — — — Yes No 5 – Yes No Zimbabwe Yes Yes <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 No Some drivers tested 5 – Yes No a Not based on BAC b Alcohol consumption legally prohibited c ≤0.2 g/l for motorcycles drivers d Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers e Law not based on BAC / BrAC f Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers or commission of a traffic offence g Legislation refers to testing in case of crash h Any presence of alcohol in the body is prohibited i Legislation refers to alcohol testing in case of reckless driving or in the case of a crash j BAC limit introduced by the traffic act 2017, at December 2017, the notice of commencment had not yet been signed k Legislation banning drug driving only applies to bus and truck drivers l For commercial drivers limits are as follows: «≤ 9 microgrammes in 100 ml (BrAC), 20 mg in 100 ml (BAC) and 27 mg in 100 ml of urine» while there is a 0 limit For driver of buses, coaches and other vehicles carrying passengers for a fee m Not based on BAC in 19 out of 32 states n In Yap a BAC limit is provided in the law. In Kosrae and Pohnpei, the law is not based on a BAC limit. No data is available for Chuuk o Law based on breath alcohol concentration, values converted to BAC p The legislation, as amended in 2016, refers to an alcohol legal limit of «0.05» for the general population but does not specify the unit to consider q The legislation, as amended in 2016, refers to an alcohol legal limit of «0.002» for young or novice drivers but does not specify the unit to consider r The legislation, as amended in 2016, refers to an alcohol legal limit of «0.000» for commercial drivers» but does not specify the unit to consider s Law not based on BAC t Driving with presence of any alcohol in the body is prohibited u The law refers to regulations to set BAC limit, regulations not available v Different Bac limits are set depending on the type of vehicle used: for drivers of cars the bac limit is set at 0.00g/dl while for drivers of motorcycles and mopeds the legal bac limit is set at 0.05g/dl 345 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area National drink driving law Based on BAC / BrAC National maximum legal BAC levels (g/dl) Random breath testing carried out Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Enforcement % road traffic deaths involving alcohol National drug driving law Alcohol prohibitedGeneral population Young / novice drivers Professional / commercial drivers United Arab Emirates Yes Yes ≤ 0.01 ≤ 0.01 ≤ 0.01 No All drivers tested 10 1.8 Yes Yesb United Kingdom Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08***** ≤0.08***** Yesd All drivers tested 8 13 (GB), 23 (NI) Yes No United Republic of Tanzania Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 0.00 Yes f No 6 1 Yes No United States of America Yes Yes ≤0.08 0.00 - 0.08****** 0.00 - 0.08 Yes Some drivers tested — 29 Yes No Uruguay Yes Yes 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yes Some drivers tested 9 – Yes No Uzbekistan Yesa No — — — Yes — 10 3.6 Yes No Vanuatu Yesa No — — — No No 0 67 Yes No Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Yes a No — — — Yes All drivers tested 4 – Yes No Viet Nam Yesv Yes 0.00— 0.05 0.00 — 0.05v 0.00 — 0.05 Yes Some drivers tested 8 – Yes No West Bank and Gaza Strip Yesa No — — — Yes No 5 – Yes No Zimbabwe Yes Yes <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 No Some drivers tested 5 – Yes No * National BAC limit is set at 0.08 g/dl. However, in practice all subnational entities have provided their own BAC limits that are reflected in the range above ** Drivers of public transport vehicles are subject to a BAC limit of 0.02 g/dl while other commercial drivers are subject to the BAC limit applicable to the general population (≤0.05g/dl) *** Over this limit there is a presumption of alcohol impairment (from 0.05 to 0.15 no presumption established but the alcohol concentration can be used to decide on the guilt or innocence of the driver) **** Except for drivers of public transport and dangerous cargo subject to a blood alcohol concentration limit of 0.00 g/dl ***** In Scotland legal BAC limit is ≤ 0.05 g/dl ****** Over 90% of the states provide a BAC limit equal or under 0.02 g/dl for young-novice drivers 346 TABLE A6: HELMET LAWS, ENFORCEMENT AND WEARING RATES BY COUNTRY / AREA Country / Area Motorcycle helmet law Children passengers on motorcycles Enforcement Helmet wearing rate (%)National motorcycle helmet law Applies to driver Applies to adult passengers Applies to all roads Applies to all engines Helmet fastening required Standard referred to and / or specified Afghanistan No — — — — — — Not restricted — Albania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 6 75% Drivers, 60% Passengers Angola Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 7 yrs 7 40% Drivers, 15% Passengers Antigua and Barbuda No — — — — — — Not restricted — Argentina Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 4 65.4% Drivers, 44.2% Passengers Armenia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 9 95% Drivers, 90% Passengers Australia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 8 yrs 8 99% Drivers Austria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 100% All riders Azerbaijan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Prohibited under 12 yrs 6 Bangladesh Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 6 Barbados Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 9 Belarus Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 8 Belgium Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited under 3 /8 yrsa 9 99% Drivers, 100% Passengers Belize Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Not restricted 5 Benin Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Not restricted 3 25% Drivers, 1% Passengers Bhutan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 9 Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 3 51.9% Drivers, 3% Passengers Bosnia and Herzegovina Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Prohibited under 12 yrs 7 Botswana Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 8 Brazil Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 7 yrs 7 83.4% Drivers, 80.1% Passengers Bulgaria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Prohibited under 12 yrs 5 80% Drivers, 30% Passengers Burkina Faso Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited under 5 yrs 4 9% All riders Burundi Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 5 Cabo Verde Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Prohibited under 7 yrs 8 Cambodia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 6 70% - 43% Drivers, 30 - 13% Passengersb Cameroon Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Prohibited under 5 yrs 1 Canada Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 10 98% Drivers, 98% Passengers Central African Republic Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Prohibited under 5 yrs 0 Chad Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Prohibited under 5 yrs 5 Chile Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 9 99% Drivers, 98% Passengers China Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 6 20% All riders Colombia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 4 96% Drivers, 79.8% Passengers 347 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Motorcycle helmet law Children passengers on motorcycles Enforcement Helmet wearing rate (%)National motorcycle helmet law Applies to driver Applies to adult passengers Applies to all roads Applies to all engines Helmet fastening required Standard referred to and / or specified Afghanistan No — — — — — — Not restricted — Albania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 6 75% Drivers, 60% Passengers Angola Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 7 yrs 7 40% Drivers, 15% Passengers Antigua and Barbuda No — — — — — — Not restricted — Argentina Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 4 65.4% Drivers, 44.2% Passengers Armenia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 9 95% Drivers, 90% Passengers Australia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 8 yrs 8 99% Drivers Austria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 100% All riders Azerbaijan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Prohibited under 12 yrs 6 Bangladesh Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 6 Barbados Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 9 Belarus Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 8 Belgium Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited under 3 /8 yrsa 9 99% Drivers, 100% Passengers Belize Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Not restricted 5 Benin Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Not restricted 3 25% Drivers, 1% Passengers Bhutan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 9 Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 3 51.9% Drivers, 3% Passengers Bosnia and Herzegovina Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Prohibited under 12 yrs 7 Botswana Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 8 Brazil Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 7 yrs 7 83.4% Drivers, 80.1% Passengers Bulgaria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Prohibited under 12 yrs 5 80% Drivers, 30% Passengers Burkina Faso Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited under 5 yrs 4 9% All riders Burundi Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 5 Cabo Verde Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Prohibited under 7 yrs 8 Cambodia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 6 70% - 43% Drivers, 30 - 13% Passengersb Cameroon Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Prohibited under 5 yrs 1 Canada Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 10 98% Drivers, 98% Passengers Central African Republic Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Prohibited under 5 yrs 0 Chad Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Prohibited under 5 yrs 5 Chile Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 9 99% Drivers, 98% Passengers China Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 6 20% All riders Colombia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 4 96% Drivers, 79.8% Passengers 348 Country / Area Motorcycle helmet law Children passengers on motorcycles Enforcement Helmet wearing rate (%)National motorcycle helmet law Applies to driver Applies to adult passengers Applies to all roads Applies to all engines Helmet fastening required Standard referred to and / or specified Comoros No — — — — — — Not restricted — Congo Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Prohibited under 5 yrs 3 27% All riders Cook Islands Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restrictedc 5 Costa Rica Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited under 5 yrs 5 98.3% Drivers, 91.8% Passengers Côte d’Ivoire Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 4 Croatia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 9 95% Drivers, 95% Passengers Cuba Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 7 yrs 8 95% Drivers, 90% Passengers Cyprus Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 7 75.1% Drivers, 68.3% Passengers Czechia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 9 Democratic Republic of the Congo Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 4 Denmark Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 5 yrs / 135 cm 98% Drivers Dominica No — — — — — — Not restricted — Dominican Republic Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited under 8 yrs 5 27% Drivers, 2% Passengers Ecuador Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 7 yrs 8 90% Drivers, 12 - 52% Passengers Egypt Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 3 El Salvador Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Not restricted 7 Equatorial Guinea Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Prohibited under 5 yrs 0 Eritrea Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 8 95% Drivers, 95% Passengers Estonia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 9 98% Drivers Eswatini Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 5 Ethiopia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 2 Fiji Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 8 yrsd 8 80% Drivers, 80% Passengers Finland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 9 98.3% All riders France Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 9 98% All riders Gabon Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Prohibited under 5 yrs 5 Gambia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 4 Georgia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 7 Germany Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Not restricted 99% Drivers, 100% Passengers Ghana Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 5 41.8% Drivers, 16.9% Passengers Greece Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 5 yrs 4 75% Drivers, 46% Passengers Grenada Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 1 Guatemala Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 4 36% Drivers, 11% Passengers 349 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Motorcycle helmet law Children passengers on motorcycles Enforcement Helmet wearing rate (%)National motorcycle helmet law Applies to driver Applies to adult passengers Applies to all roads Applies to all engines Helmet fastening required Standard referred to and / or specified Comoros No — — — — — — Not restricted — Congo Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Prohibited under 5 yrs 3 27% All riders Cook Islands Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restrictedc 5 Costa Rica Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited under 5 yrs 5 98.3% Drivers, 91.8% Passengers Côte d’Ivoire Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 4 Croatia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 9 95% Drivers, 95% Passengers Cuba Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 7 yrs 8 95% Drivers, 90% Passengers Cyprus Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 7 75.1% Drivers, 68.3% Passengers Czechia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 9 Democratic Republic of the Congo Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 4 Denmark Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 5 yrs / 135 cm 98% Drivers Dominica No — — — — — — Not restricted — Dominican Republic Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited under 8 yrs 5 27% Drivers, 2% Passengers Ecuador Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 7 yrs 8 90% Drivers, 12 - 52% Passengers Egypt Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 3 El Salvador Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Not restricted 7 Equatorial Guinea Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Prohibited under 5 yrs 0 Eritrea Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 8 95% Drivers, 95% Passengers Estonia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 9 98% Drivers Eswatini Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 5 Ethiopia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 2 Fiji Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 8 yrsd 8 80% Drivers, 80% Passengers Finland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 9 98.3% All riders France Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 9 98% All riders Gabon Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Prohibited under 5 yrs 5 Gambia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 4 Georgia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 7 Germany Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Not restricted 99% Drivers, 100% Passengers Ghana Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 5 41.8% Drivers, 16.9% Passengers Greece Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 5 yrs 4 75% Drivers, 46% Passengers Grenada Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 1 Guatemala Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 4 36% Drivers, 11% Passengers 350 Country / Area Motorcycle helmet law Children passengers on motorcycles Enforcement Helmet wearing rate (%)National motorcycle helmet law Applies to driver Applies to adult passengers Applies to all roads Applies to all engines Helmet fastening required Standard referred to and / or specified Guinea Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 4 7.9% All riders Guinea-Bissau Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 6 yrs 4 Guyana No — — — — — — Not restricted — 50% Drivers, 20% Passengers Honduras Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 4 Hungary Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 8 92.3% country roads, 100% Budapest % All riders Iceland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restrictede 9 India Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 4 30% Drivers, <10% Passengers Indonesia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 9 71.4% All riders Iran (Islamic Republic of) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 5 59% Drivers, 20% Passengers Iraq Yes Yes No Yes Yesf No No Not restricted 5 Ireland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 10 99.9% Drivers Israel Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 9 98% Drivers, 98% Passengers Italy Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 5 yrs 9 98% All riders Jamaica Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 2 6% Drivers, 2% Passengers Japan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 9 Jordan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 7 Kazakhstan Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 7 Kenya Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 3 35.1% Drivers, 2.8% Passengers Kiribati Yesg Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted Kuwait Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 3 Kyrgyzstan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 5 Lao People’s Democratic Republic Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 7 Latvia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 150 cm 7 Lebanon Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 10 yrs 5 Lesotho Yes Yes Yes Yes Noh No No Not restricted 8 75% Drivers, 3% Passengers Liberia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Prohibited under 13 yrs 1 Libya Yes No No Yes Yes No No Not restricted 1 Lithuania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 9 Luxembourg Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 10 Madagascar Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 2 Malawi Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Not restricted 2 Malaysia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 8 91.2% Drivers, 87% Passengers 351 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Motorcycle helmet law Children passengers on motorcycles Enforcement Helmet wearing rate (%)National motorcycle helmet law Applies to driver Applies to adult passengers Applies to all roads Applies to all engines Helmet fastening required Standard referred to and / or specified Guinea Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 4 7.9% All riders Guinea-Bissau Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 6 yrs 4 Guyana No — — — — — — Not restricted — 50% Drivers, 20% Passengers Honduras Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 4 Hungary Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 8 92.3% country roads, 100% Budapest % All riders Iceland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restrictede 9 India Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 4 30% Drivers, <10% Passengers Indonesia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 9 71.4% All riders Iran (Islamic Republic of) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 5 59% Drivers, 20% Passengers Iraq Yes Yes No Yes Yesf No No Not restricted 5 Ireland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 10 99.9% Drivers Israel Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 9 98% Drivers, 98% Passengers Italy Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 5 yrs 9 98% All riders Jamaica Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 2 6% Drivers, 2% Passengers Japan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 9 Jordan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 7 Kazakhstan Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 7 Kenya Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 3 35.1% Drivers, 2.8% Passengers Kiribati Yesg Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted Kuwait Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 3 Kyrgyzstan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 5 Lao People’s Democratic Republic Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 7 Latvia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 150 cm 7 Lebanon Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 10 yrs 5 Lesotho Yes Yes Yes Yes Noh No No Not restricted 8 75% Drivers, 3% Passengers Liberia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Prohibited under 13 yrs 1 Libya Yes No No Yes Yes No No Not restricted 1 Lithuania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 9 Luxembourg Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 10 Madagascar Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 2 Malawi Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Not restricted 2 Malaysia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 8 91.2% Drivers, 87% Passengers 352 Country / Area Motorcycle helmet law Children passengers on motorcycles Enforcement Helmet wearing rate (%)National motorcycle helmet law Applies to driver Applies to adult passengers Applies to all roads Applies to all engines Helmet fastening required Standard referred to and / or specified Maldives Yes Noi Noi No Yes No No Not restricted 5 Mali Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Not restricted 3 6.2% Drivers, 0.4% Passengers Malta Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 9 Mauritania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 3 Mauritius Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yesj Not restricted 10 Mexico No No No No No No No Not restricted — 83.1% Drivers, 55.4% Passengers Micronesia (Federated States of) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 7 Mongolia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restrictedk 1 Montenegro Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yesl Prohibited under 12 yrs 6 70% Drivers, 30% Passengers Morocco Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 7 64.4% Drivers, 30.5% Passengers Mozambique Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 7 yrs 4 Myanmar Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited until footrests can be reached 6 32% Drivers, 26.7% Passengers Namibia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Not restricted 7 Nepal Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 8 Netherlands Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Not restricted 5 99.9% Drivers, 84% Passengers New Zealand Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 9 Niger Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 5 Nigeria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 4 Norway Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 10 99% Drivers, 99% Passengers Oman Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 10 98% Drivers, 92% Passengers Pakistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 3 10.4% All riders Panama Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 6 Papua New Guinea Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted Paraguay Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 6 Peru Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 4 69.9% Drivers, 7.7% Passengers Philippines Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restrictedm 6 51.3% All riders, 86.7% Drivers Poland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restrictedn 7 99% Drivers, 100% Passengers Portugal Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 7 yrs 9 97.6% Drivers, 97.3% Passengers Qatar Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 9 Republic of Korea Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 6 86% Drivers, 40% Passengers Republic of Moldova Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 8 353 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Motorcycle helmet law Children passengers on motorcycles Enforcement Helmet wearing rate (%)National motorcycle helmet law Applies to driver Applies to adult passengers Applies to all roads Applies to all engines Helmet fastening required Standard referred to and / or specified Maldives Yes Noi Noi No Yes No No Not restricted 5 Mali Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Not restricted 3 6.2% Drivers, 0.4% Passengers Malta Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 9 Mauritania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 3 Mauritius Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yesj Not restricted 10 Mexico No No No No No No No Not restricted — 83.1% Drivers, 55.4% Passengers Micronesia (Federated States of) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 7 Mongolia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restrictedk 1 Montenegro Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yesl Prohibited under 12 yrs 6 70% Drivers, 30% Passengers Morocco Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 7 64.4% Drivers, 30.5% Passengers Mozambique Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 7 yrs 4 Myanmar Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited until footrests can be reached 6 32% Drivers, 26.7% Passengers Namibia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Not restricted 7 Nepal Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 8 Netherlands Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Not restricted 5 99.9% Drivers, 84% Passengers New Zealand Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 9 Niger Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 5 Nigeria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 4 Norway Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 10 99% Drivers, 99% Passengers Oman Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 10 98% Drivers, 92% Passengers Pakistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 3 10.4% All riders Panama Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 6 Papua New Guinea Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted Paraguay Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 6 Peru Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 4 69.9% Drivers, 7.7% Passengers Philippines Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restrictedm 6 51.3% All riders, 86.7% Drivers Poland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restrictedn 7 99% Drivers, 100% Passengers Portugal Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 7 yrs 9 97.6% Drivers, 97.3% Passengers Qatar Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 9 Republic of Korea Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 6 86% Drivers, 40% Passengers Republic of Moldova Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 8 354 Country / Area Motorcycle helmet law Children passengers on motorcycles Enforcement Helmet wearing rate (%)National motorcycle helmet law Applies to driver Applies to adult passengers Applies to all roads Applies to all engines Helmet fastening required Standard referred to and / or specified Romania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Prohibited under 14 yrso 7 Russian Federation Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 4 Rwanda Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Not restricted 10 Saint Lucia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 2 Samoa Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Not restricted 10 100% Drivers, 100% Passengers San Marino Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 10 Sao Tome and Principe Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Prohibited under 7 yrs 7 Saudi Arabia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 16 yrs 2 Senegal Yes No Yes Yes No No No Not restricted 5 Serbia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 8 85.7% Drivers,74.3 - 86.5% Passengers Seychelles Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Nop Prohibited under 10 yrs 7 Singapore Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 10 yrs 9 Slovakia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 8 Slovenia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrsq 8 Solomon Islands Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 6 Somalia No — — — — — — Not restricted — South Africa Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Not restricted 8 South Sudan No — — — — — — Not restricted — Spain Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited under 7 / 12 yrs 8 99% Drivers, 93.3% Passengers Sri Lanka Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 9 95% All riders Sudan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 3 Suriname Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Not restricted 7 95% Drivers, 92% Passengers Sweden Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 8 97 - 99 (97 for moped drivers)% All riders Switzerland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 9 100% Drivers Syrian Arab Republic Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No Not restricted 7 Tajikistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 6 Thailand Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 6 51% Drivers, 20% Passengers The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 7 Timor-Leste Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 7 Togo Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 7 Tonga Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 8 Trinidad and Tobago Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 9 355 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Motorcycle helmet law Children passengers on motorcycles Enforcement Helmet wearing rate (%)National motorcycle helmet law Applies to driver Applies to adult passengers Applies to all roads Applies to all engines Helmet fastening required Standard referred to and / or specified Romania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Prohibited under 14 yrso 7 Russian Federation Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 4 Rwanda Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Not restricted 10 Saint Lucia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 2 Samoa Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Not restricted 10 100% Drivers, 100% Passengers San Marino Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 10 Sao Tome and Principe Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Prohibited under 7 yrs 7 Saudi Arabia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 16 yrs 2 Senegal Yes No Yes Yes No No No Not restricted 5 Serbia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 8 85.7% Drivers,74.3 - 86.5% Passengers Seychelles Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Nop Prohibited under 10 yrs 7 Singapore Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 10 yrs 9 Slovakia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 8 Slovenia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrsq 8 Solomon Islands Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 6 Somalia No — — — — — — Not restricted — South Africa Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Not restricted 8 South Sudan No — — — — — — Not restricted — Spain Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited under 7 / 12 yrs 8 99% Drivers, 93.3% Passengers Sri Lanka Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 9 95% All riders Sudan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 3 Suriname Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Not restricted 7 95% Drivers, 92% Passengers Sweden Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 8 97 - 99 (97 for moped drivers)% All riders Switzerland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 9 100% Drivers Syrian Arab Republic Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No Not restricted 7 Tajikistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 6 Thailand Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 6 51% Drivers, 20% Passengers The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 7 Timor-Leste Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 7 Togo Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 7 Tonga Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 8 Trinidad and Tobago Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 9 356 Country / Area Motorcycle helmet law Children passengers on motorcycles Enforcement Helmet wearing rate (%)National motorcycle helmet law Applies to driver Applies to adult passengers Applies to all roads Applies to all engines Helmet fastening required Standard referred to and / or specified Tunisia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited under 6 yrs 3 Turkey Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 9 75% All riders Turkmenistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Prohibited under 12 yrs 9 Uganda Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 5 49% Drivers, 1% Passengers Ukraine Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs / 145 cm 3 United Arab Emirates Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 10 United Kingdom Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 9 United Republic of Tanzania Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 6 United States of America Yes Nor Nor No No No Yes Not restricteds 67.8% Drivers, 52.5% Passengers Uruguay Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited until footrests can be reached 7 80.2% Drivers, 71.2% Passengers Uzbekistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 10 Vanuatu Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 8 90% Drivers, 90% Passengers Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Prohibited under 10 yrs 3 Viet Nam Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 8 81% Drivers, 60.4% Passengers West Bank and Gaza Strip Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 5 Zimbabwe Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 8 a Restrictions vary depending on the type of motorcycles: children under 3 years are not allowed on mopeds and motorcycles, children under 8 years are not allowed on motorcycles over 125cc b Percentage are for day - and night -time observations, respectively c Obligation to use a helmet only applies to those riding on a motorcycle travelling above 40 km/h (except for specific provisions in Rarotonga - persons between 16 and 25 and visitors required to wear helmet at all speeds) d Except if motorcycle is fitted with one additional seat designed to transport children e Children who are 7 years or younger shall be placed in an appropriate child seat while children older than 7 years shall be able to have their feet reaching the pedals f Helmet use is required for motorcycles, defined as two or three wheeled vehicles powered by a mechanical engine of 125 cc or more. The use of motorcycles with an engine of less than 125cc is forbidden on public roads g Helmet provisions introduced by the Traffic Act 2017, at december 2017, the notice of commencment had not yet been signed h Does not apply to mopeds i Only required on roads where vehicles may be driven at a speed higher than the normal limit 357 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Motorcycle helmet law Children passengers on motorcycles Enforcement Helmet wearing rate (%)National motorcycle helmet law Applies to driver Applies to adult passengers Applies to all roads Applies to all engines Helmet fastening required Standard referred to and / or specified Tunisia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited under 6 yrs 3 Turkey Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 9 75% All riders Turkmenistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Prohibited under 12 yrs 9 Uganda Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 5 49% Drivers, 1% Passengers Ukraine Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs / 145 cm 3 United Arab Emirates Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 10 United Kingdom Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 9 United Republic of Tanzania Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 6 United States of America Yes Nor Nor No No No Yes Not restricteds 67.8% Drivers, 52.5% Passengers Uruguay Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited until footrests can be reached 7 80.2% Drivers, 71.2% Passengers Uzbekistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 10 Vanuatu Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 8 90% Drivers, 90% Passengers Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Prohibited under 10 yrs 3 Viet Nam Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 8 81% Drivers, 60.4% Passengers West Bank and Gaza Strip Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 5 Zimbabwe Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 8 j Reference is made to regulations to specify the types, shape and construction of helmets k Children under 12 can be transported on a motorcycle provided that there is a special support installed in the rear seat l As prescribed by the responsible state administration m Restrictions for children to ride as passengers on motorcycles are only set for some types of roads (where there is heavy volume of vehicles, a high density of fast moving vehicles or a speed limit of more that 60 km/h). on these roads conditons for children to be allowed to ride as passengers are follows: child’s feet can reach the foot peg of the motorcycle, child’s arm can reach and grasp the waist of the driver and child is wearing a standard protective helmet n Speed limit for motorcycles transporting a child under 7 is limited to 40 km/h o Children under 14 allowed to be transported in the motorcycle sidecar and must be held in the arms under 7 p Reference is made to regulations to specify helmet types, in 2017 these regulations were in the process of being developed q Only children older than 12 years old are allowed to ride as passengers on motorcycles r About 40% of the states require helmets for both drivers and passengers on motorcycles s Less than 10% of the states prohibit that children ride as passengers on motorcycles 358 TABLE A7: SEAT-BELT LAWS, ENFORCEMENT AND WEARING RATES BY COUNTRY / AREA Country / Area National seat belt law Seat belt applies to Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rates (%) Drivers Front seat passengers Rear-seat passengers Drivers only Front-seat occupants Rear-seat occupants All occupants Afghanistan No — — — — Albania Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 95 85 80 87 Angola Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 60 40 10 65 Antigua and Barbuda No — — — — Argentina Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 50.2 40.8 23.1 43.6 Armenia Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 70 70 Australia Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 97 96 Austria Yes Yes Yes Yes — 95 95 93 Azerbaijan Yes Noa Noa Noa 7 80 40 20 30 Bangladesh No — — — — Barbados Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Belarus Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 Belgium Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 91.5 92.2 85.5 91.7 Belize Yes Yes Yes No 5 Benin No — — — — Bhutan Yes Yes Yes Yes 2 Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Yes Yes No No 2 20.8 3.5 0.5 9.7 Bosnia and Herzegovina Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 48 51 11 Botswana Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Brazil Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 79.4 50.2 Bulgaria Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 80 Burkina Faso Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Burundi Yes Yes Yes Yesb 7 Cabo Verde Yes Yes Yes No 5 Cambodia Yes Yes Yes Noc 7 Cameroon Yes Yes Yes No 6 Canada Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 95.7 95.2 89.2 95.3 Central African Republic Yes Yes Yes Nod 0 Chad Yes Yes Yes No 4 Chile Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 76 59 14 49.6 China Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 36.7 Colombia Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 75 64.2 2.2 47.1 Comoros No — — — — Congo Yes Yes Yes No 2 22 4 4 359 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 TABLE A7: SEAT-BELT LAWS, ENFORCEMENT AND WEARING RATES BY COUNTRY / AREA Country / Area National seat belt law Seat belt applies to Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rates (%) Drivers Front seat passengers Rear-seat passengers Drivers only Front-seat occupants Rear-seat occupants All occupants Afghanistan No — — — — Albania Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 95 85 80 87 Angola Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 60 40 10 65 Antigua and Barbuda No — — — — Argentina Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 50.2 40.8 23.1 43.6 Armenia Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 70 70 Australia Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 97 96 Austria Yes Yes Yes Yes — 95 95 93 Azerbaijan Yes Noa Noa Noa 7 80 40 20 30 Bangladesh No — — — — Barbados Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Belarus Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 Belgium Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 91.5 92.2 85.5 91.7 Belize Yes Yes Yes No 5 Benin No — — — — Bhutan Yes Yes Yes Yes 2 Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Yes Yes No No 2 20.8 3.5 0.5 9.7 Bosnia and Herzegovina Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 48 51 11 Botswana Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Brazil Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 79.4 50.2 Bulgaria Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 80 Burkina Faso Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Burundi Yes Yes Yes Yesb 7 Cabo Verde Yes Yes Yes No 5 Cambodia Yes Yes Yes Noc 7 Cameroon Yes Yes Yes No 6 Canada Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 95.7 95.2 89.2 95.3 Central African Republic Yes Yes Yes Nod 0 Chad Yes Yes Yes No 4 Chile Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 76 59 14 49.6 China Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 36.7 Colombia Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 75 64.2 2.2 47.1 Comoros No — — — — Congo Yes Yes Yes No 2 22 4 4 360 Country / Area National seat belt law Seat belt applies to Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rates (%) Drivers Front seat passengers Rear-seat passengers Drivers only Front-seat occupants Rear-seat occupants All occupants Cook Islands No — — — — Costa Rica Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 77.8 75.1 35.6 76.7 Côte d’Ivoire Yes Yes Yes No 4 Croatia Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 61.1 61.9 13.9 58 Cuba Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 35 30 Cyprus Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Czechia Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 95 98 72 Democratic Republic of the Congo Yes Yes Yes No 5 Denmark Yes Yes Yes Yes — 88/89/96* 96 91 Dominica Yes Yes Yes Yes 1 Dominican Republic Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 45 18 5 34 Ecuador Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 80 26 2 36 Egypt Yes Yes Yes No 7 El Salvador Yes Yes Yes No 7 Equatorial Guinea Yes Yes Yes No 2 Eritrea Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 80 80 Estonia Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 97.8 97.3 81.8 95 Eswatini Yes Yes Yes No 9 Ethiopia Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 < 1 Fiji Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 90 75 5 72 Finland Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 96 95 85 94 France Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 98 88 Gabon Yes Yes Yes No 7 Gambia Yes Yes Yes No 6 Georgia Yes Yes Yes No 8 70 60 Germany Yes Yes Yes Yes 98 98 99 98 Ghana Yes Yes Yes Yes 3 55.6 18.4 3.5 35 Greece Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 77 74 23 72 Grenada Yes Yes Yes No 8 Guatemala Yes Yes Yes No 4 Guinea Yes Yes Yes No 3 Guinea-Bissau Yes Yes Yes No 1 Guyana Yes Yes Yes No 8 95 95 42 Honduras Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 361 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area National seat belt law Seat belt applies to Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rates (%) Drivers Front seat passengers Rear-seat passengers Drivers only Front-seat occupants Rear-seat occupants All occupants Cook Islands No — — — — Costa Rica Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 77.8 75.1 35.6 76.7 Côte d’Ivoire Yes Yes Yes No 4 Croatia Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 61.1 61.9 13.9 58 Cuba Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 35 30 Cyprus Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Czechia Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 95 98 72 Democratic Republic of the Congo Yes Yes Yes No 5 Denmark Yes Yes Yes Yes — 88/89/96* 96 91 Dominica Yes Yes Yes Yes 1 Dominican Republic Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 45 18 5 34 Ecuador Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 80 26 2 36 Egypt Yes Yes Yes No 7 El Salvador Yes Yes Yes No 7 Equatorial Guinea Yes Yes Yes No 2 Eritrea Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 80 80 Estonia Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 97.8 97.3 81.8 95 Eswatini Yes Yes Yes No 9 Ethiopia Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 < 1 Fiji Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 90 75 5 72 Finland Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 96 95 85 94 France Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 98 88 Gabon Yes Yes Yes No 7 Gambia Yes Yes Yes No 6 Georgia Yes Yes Yes No 8 70 60 Germany Yes Yes Yes Yes 98 98 99 98 Ghana Yes Yes Yes Yes 3 55.6 18.4 3.5 35 Greece Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 77 74 23 72 Grenada Yes Yes Yes No 8 Guatemala Yes Yes Yes No 4 Guinea Yes Yes Yes No 3 Guinea-Bissau Yes Yes Yes No 1 Guyana Yes Yes Yes No 8 95 95 42 Honduras Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 362 Country / Area National seat belt law Seat belt applies to Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rates (%) Drivers Front seat passengers Rear-seat passengers Drivers only Front-seat occupants Rear-seat occupants All occupants Hungary Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 81.7 82.8 38.5 81 Iceland Yes Yes Yes Yes 9 90 93 86 90 India Yes Yes Yes Yes 3 14 - 40 3.5 - 11 Indonesia Yes Yes Yes No 8 69 Iran (Islamic Republic of) Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 95 93 15 68.5 Iraq Yes Yes No No 5 Ireland Yes Yes Yes Yes 10 92 94 74 91 Israel Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 91.2 88.7 69.7 87.9 Italy Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 61.9 15.4 Jamaica Yes Yes Yes Yes 3 51 54 4 Japan Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 99.5/98.5e 98/94.9e 71.8/36e 94.9/89.5e Jordan Yes Yes Yes No 6 Kazakhstan Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Kenya Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 Kiribati Yes Yes Yes Yes 0 Kuwait Yes Yes Yes No 5 Kyrgyzstan Yes Noa Noa Noa 7 Lao People’s Democratic Republic Yes Yes Yes No 2 Latvia Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 81 84.7 53.0 Lebanon Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 Lesotho Yes Yes Yes No 7 Liberia No — — — — Libya Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Lithuania Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 97 30 94 Luxembourg Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 93 90 76 92 Madagascar Yes Yes Yes No 5 Malawi Yes Yes Yes No 3 25.8 21 Malaysia Yes Yes Yes No 4 82.9 73.8 9.6 48.4 Maldives Yes Nof Nof Nof 5 Mali Yesg Nog Nog Nog 4 20 Malta Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Mauritania Yes Yes Yes Noh 3 Mauritius Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 93.8 97.4 0.2 Mexico No No No No 6 81.4 49 5.6 58.9 363 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area National seat belt law Seat belt applies to Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rates (%) Drivers Front seat passengers Rear-seat passengers Drivers only Front-seat occupants Rear-seat occupants All occupants Hungary Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 81.7 82.8 38.5 81 Iceland Yes Yes Yes Yes 9 90 93 86 90 India Yes Yes Yes Yes 3 14 - 40 3.5 - 11 Indonesia Yes Yes Yes No 8 69 Iran (Islamic Republic of) Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 95 93 15 68.5 Iraq Yes Yes No No 5 Ireland Yes Yes Yes Yes 10 92 94 74 91 Israel Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 91.2 88.7 69.7 87.9 Italy Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 61.9 15.4 Jamaica Yes Yes Yes Yes 3 51 54 4 Japan Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 99.5/98.5e 98/94.9e 71.8/36e 94.9/89.5e Jordan Yes Yes Yes No 6 Kazakhstan Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Kenya Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 Kiribati Yes Yes Yes Yes 0 Kuwait Yes Yes Yes No 5 Kyrgyzstan Yes Noa Noa Noa 7 Lao People’s Democratic Republic Yes Yes Yes No 2 Latvia Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 81 84.7 53.0 Lebanon Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 Lesotho Yes Yes Yes No 7 Liberia No — — — — Libya Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Lithuania Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 97 30 94 Luxembourg Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 93 90 76 92 Madagascar Yes Yes Yes No 5 Malawi Yes Yes Yes No 3 25.8 21 Malaysia Yes Yes Yes No 4 82.9 73.8 9.6 48.4 Maldives Yes Nof Nof Nof 5 Mali Yesg Nog Nog Nog 4 20 Malta Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Mauritania Yes Yes Yes Noh 3 Mauritius Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 93.8 97.4 0.2 Mexico No No No No 6 81.4 49 5.6 58.9 364 Country / Area National seat belt law Seat belt applies to Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rates (%) Drivers Front seat passengers Rear-seat passengers Drivers only Front-seat occupants Rear-seat occupants All occupants Micronesia (Federated States of) No — — — — Mongolia Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 Montenegro Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 60 40 5 35 Morocco Yes Yes Yes Noi 8 66.7 63.2 22.3 64 Mozambique Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Myanmar Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 7.4 Namibia Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Nepal Yes Yes Yes No 5 Netherlands Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 96.9 96.6 82 95.8 New Zealand Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 97 97 92 Niger No — — — — Nigeria Yes Yes Yes Yes 9 Norway Yes Yes Yes Yes 10 95.9 - 97.7j 95.2 - 95.7j 94.7 - 96j Oman Yes Yes Yes Yes 10 98 Pakistan Yes Yes No No 6 Panama Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Papua New Guinea Yes Yes Yes Yes — Paraguay Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Peru Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 58.2 15.8 0.4 32.3 Philippines Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 79.7 Poland Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 95 96 76 94 Portugal Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 96.4 95.7 77.2 94.9 Qatar Yes Yes Yes No 7 Republic of Korea Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 94 83 30 84 Republic of Moldova Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 65.5 61.8 17.5 Romania Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Russian Federation Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 76 - 86 66 - 83 20 - 50 Rwanda Yes Yes Yes No 8 Saint Lucia Yes Yes Yes No 7 Samoa Yes Yes Yes No 10 100 100 100 100 San Marino Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 Sao Tome and Principe Yes Yes Yes No 2 Saudi Arabia Yes Yes Yes Yes 3 Senegal Yes Yes Yes No 6 365 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area National seat belt law Seat belt applies to Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rates (%) Drivers Front seat passengers Rear-seat passengers Drivers only Front-seat occupants Rear-seat occupants All occupants Micronesia (Federated States of) No — — — — Mongolia Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 Montenegro Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 60 40 5 35 Morocco Yes Yes Yes Noi 8 66.7 63.2 22.3 64 Mozambique Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Myanmar Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 7.4 Namibia Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Nepal Yes Yes Yes No 5 Netherlands Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 96.9 96.6 82 95.8 New Zealand Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 97 97 92 Niger No — — — — Nigeria Yes Yes Yes Yes 9 Norway Yes Yes Yes Yes 10 95.9 - 97.7j 95.2 - 95.7j 94.7 - 96j Oman Yes Yes Yes Yes 10 98 Pakistan Yes Yes No No 6 Panama Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Papua New Guinea Yes Yes Yes Yes — Paraguay Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Peru Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 58.2 15.8 0.4 32.3 Philippines Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 79.7 Poland Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 95 96 76 94 Portugal Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 96.4 95.7 77.2 94.9 Qatar Yes Yes Yes No 7 Republic of Korea Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 94 83 30 84 Republic of Moldova Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 65.5 61.8 17.5 Romania Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Russian Federation Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 76 - 86 66 - 83 20 - 50 Rwanda Yes Yes Yes No 8 Saint Lucia Yes Yes Yes No 7 Samoa Yes Yes Yes No 10 100 100 100 100 San Marino Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 Sao Tome and Principe Yes Yes Yes No 2 Saudi Arabia Yes Yes Yes Yes 3 Senegal Yes Yes Yes No 6 366 Country / Area National seat belt law Seat belt applies to Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rates (%) Drivers Front seat passengers Rear-seat passengers Drivers only Front-seat occupants Rear-seat occupants All occupants Serbia Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 77.0 75.1 10.1 66.2 Seychelles Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Singapore Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 Slovakia Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 Slovenia Yes Yes Yes Yes 9 90.4 91.8 68.6 82.2 Solomon Islands No — — — — Somalia No — — — — South Africa Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 33 31 South Sudan No — — — — Spain Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 90.3 90.5 80.6 88.3 Sri Lanka Yes Yes Yes No 8 75 75 75 Sudan Yes Yes Yes No 5 Suriname Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 75 75 8 Sweden Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 98 96 90 97 Switzerland Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 94 94 86 Syrian Arab Republic Yes Yes Yes No 7 90 90 Tajikistan Yes Yes Yes No 3 Thailand Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 58 40 The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 21 19.8 3.1 14.6 Timor-Leste Yes Yes Yes Yes 2 Togo Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Tonga No — — — — Trinidad and Tobago Yes Yes Yes No 8 Tunisia Yes Yes Yes Yes 3 Turkey Yes Yes Yes Yes 9 50.1 40.6 Turkmenistan Yes Yes Yes Yes 10 Uganda Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 Ukraine Yes Yes Yes Yes 3 United Arab Emirates Yes Yes Yes Yes 10 United Kingdom Yes Yes Yes Yes 10 95.3 - 98k 94.6 - 98k 90.3 - 94k 97.5 - 98k United Republic of Tanzania Yes Yes Yes No 8 United States of America Yes Yes Yes Nol — 90.5 90.1 74.8 90.1 Uruguay Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 69.1 62.8 33 62.8 367 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area National seat belt law Seat belt applies to Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rates (%) Drivers Front seat passengers Rear-seat passengers Drivers only Front-seat occupants Rear-seat occupants All occupants Serbia Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 77.0 75.1 10.1 66.2 Seychelles Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Singapore Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 Slovakia Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 Slovenia Yes Yes Yes Yes 9 90.4 91.8 68.6 82.2 Solomon Islands No — — — — Somalia No — — — — South Africa Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 33 31 South Sudan No — — — — Spain Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 90.3 90.5 80.6 88.3 Sri Lanka Yes Yes Yes No 8 75 75 75 Sudan Yes Yes Yes No 5 Suriname Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 75 75 8 Sweden Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 98 96 90 97 Switzerland Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 94 94 86 Syrian Arab Republic Yes Yes Yes No 7 90 90 Tajikistan Yes Yes Yes No 3 Thailand Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 58 40 The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 21 19.8 3.1 14.6 Timor-Leste Yes Yes Yes Yes 2 Togo Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Tonga No — — — — Trinidad and Tobago Yes Yes Yes No 8 Tunisia Yes Yes Yes Yes 3 Turkey Yes Yes Yes Yes 9 50.1 40.6 Turkmenistan Yes Yes Yes Yes 10 Uganda Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 Ukraine Yes Yes Yes Yes 3 United Arab Emirates Yes Yes Yes Yes 10 United Kingdom Yes Yes Yes Yes 10 95.3 - 98k 94.6 - 98k 90.3 - 94k 97.5 - 98k United Republic of Tanzania Yes Yes Yes No 8 United States of America Yes Yes Yes Nol — 90.5 90.1 74.8 90.1 Uruguay Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 69.1 62.8 33 62.8 368 Country / Area National seat belt law Seat belt applies to Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rates (%) Drivers Front seat passengers Rear-seat passengers Drivers only Front-seat occupants Rear-seat occupants All occupants Uzbekistan Yes Yes No No 5 Vanuatu Yes Yes Yes No 2 41 20 10 20 Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Viet Nam Yes Yes Yes No 6 West Bank and Gaza Strip Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Zimbabwe Yes Yes Yes No 7 a The obligation to use seat belt does not apply in residential areas nor for children under 12 b Legislation requires drivers and passengers «and particularly those sitting in the front» to use a seat belt c Obligation to use seat belts for all passengers only applies outside cities and densely populated areas. Inside cities and densely populated areas, only the driver and front seat passenger sare required to wear a seat belt d Rear seat passengers as children under 12 are not subject to the obligation to use a seat belt e Percentage are for expressways and other roads, respectively f Only required on roads where vehicles may be driven at a speed higher than the normal limit g Seat belts are only required outside cities h The use of seat belt for rear seat passengers is only required outside urban areas i For rear seat passengers, seat-belt required only outside cities j Percentages reflect «urban» and «outside urban» areas, respectively k Percentage are for «England and Scotland» and «NI», respectively l About 40% of the states do not require seat belt for rear seats passengers * 96% for cars; 89% for vans; 88% for taxi 369 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area National seat belt law Seat belt applies to Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rates (%) Drivers Front seat passengers Rear-seat passengers Drivers only Front-seat occupants Rear-seat occupants All occupants Uzbekistan Yes Yes No No 5 Vanuatu Yes Yes Yes No 2 41 20 10 20 Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Viet Nam Yes Yes Yes No 6 West Bank and Gaza Strip Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Zimbabwe Yes Yes Yes No 7 370 TABLE A8: CHILD RESTRAINTS LAWS, ENFORCEMENT AND PERCENTAGE/ RATES OF CHILD RESTRAINT USE BY COUNTRY / AREA Country / Area Child restraint systems law Children seated in front seat Enforcement Percentage of children using child restraints National child restraint law Child restraints required Standard referred to and / or specified Afghanistan No — — Not restricted — – Albania Yes Up to 4 yrs Yes Allowed in a child restrainta 6 – Angola Yes Up to 12 yrs / 36 kg / 150 cm Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs /150 cm 5 – Antigua and Barbuda No — — Not restricted — – Argentina Yes Up to 4 yrsb No Prohibited under 10 yrs — 26.4 Armenia No — — Allowed in a child restraintc — – Australia Yes Up to 7 yrs Yes Prohibited under 7 yrsd 7 – Austria Yes Up to 14 yrs / 150 cm Yes Allowed in a child restraint — 97 (Rear seats) Azerbaijan Noe — — Allowed in a child restrainte — – Bangladesh No — — Not restricted — – Barbados Yes Up to 4 yrs Yes Prohibited under 4 yrs 4 – Belarus Yes Up to 5 yrsf Yes Allowed in a child restraintg 8 – Belgium Yes Up to 18 yrs / 135 cm Yes h Allowed in a child restrainti 5 89 Belize No — — Not restricted — – Benin No — — Not restricted — — Bhutan No — — Not restricted — – Bolivia (Plurinational State of) No — — Not restricted — — Bosnia and Herzegovina Yes Up to 12 yrsj No Prohibited under 12 yrsk 8l 40 Botswana Yes Up to 5 yrs No Prohibited under 5 yrs 5 – Brazil Yes Up to 7.5 yrs Yes Prohibited under 10 yrs 7 57 Bulgaria Yes Up to 150 cm Yes Allowed in a child restrainti 6 – Burkina Faso Yes Up to 8 yrs No Prohibited under 7 yrs 0 – Burundi No — — Prohibited under 13 yrs — — Cabo Verde Nom — — Allowed in a child restraintn — – Cambodia Yeso Up to 4 yrs No Prohibited under 10 yrsp 0 – Cameroon No — — Not restricted — — Canada Yes —q Yes Allowed in a child restraint 8 91 Central African Republic No — — Not restrictedr — – Chad No — — Not restricted — — 371 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Child restraint systems law Children seated in front seat Enforcement Percentage of children using child restraints National child restraint law Child restraints required Standard referred to and / or specified Chile Yes Up to 8 yrs / 33 kg / 135 cm Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 4 73 China No — — Not restricted — – Colombia Nos — — Prohibited under 10 yrs — 7.1 Comoros No — — Not restricted — — Congo No — — Not restricted — – Cook Islands No — — Not restricted — — Costa Rica Yes Up to 12 yrs / 145 cm No Prohibited under 12 yrs / 145 cm 5 – Côte d’Ivoire No — — Not restricted — — Croatia Yes Up to 135 - 150 cmt No Prohibited under 150 cm 5 — Cuba Nou — — Prohibited under 12 yrs — – Cyprus Yes Up to 135 - 150 cmt Yes Allowed in a child restraint i 6 – Czechia Yes Up to 36 kg / 150 cm Yes Allowed in a child restraint i 8 – Democratic Republic of the Congo No — — Prohibited under 12 yrs — — Denmark Yes Up to 135 cm Yes Allowed in a child restraintv — 97 Dominica No — — Not restricted — — Dominican Republic Yes Up to 6 yrsw Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 4 – Ecuador Yesx —x No Prohibited under 12 yrs 5 15 Egypt No — — Prohibited under 7 yrs — — El Salvador Yes Up to 2 yrs / 15 kg No Not restricted y — — Equatorial Guinea No — — Not restricted — – Eritrea Noz — — Prohibited under 9 yrsaa — – Estonia Yesab — No Not restricted 8 98 Eswatini No — — Not restricted — — Ethiopia Noac — — Prohibited under 13 yrs — – Fiji Yesad Up to 8 yrs No Allowed in a child restraint 3 – Finland Yes Up to 135 cm Yes Allowed in a child restrainti 8 97 France Yes Up to 10 yrs Yes Prohibited under 10 yrsae 9 – 372 Country / Area Child restraint systems law Children seated in front seat Enforcement Percentage of children using child restraints National child restraint law Child restraints required Standard referred to and / or specified Gabon No — — Not restricted — — Gambia Yes Up to 5 yrs No Allowed in a child restraint — — Georgia No — — Prohibited under 12 yrs — – Germany Yes Up to 12 yrs / 150 cm Yes Allowed in a child restraint — 97 - 99 Ghana No — — Prohibited under 5 yrsaf — – Greece Yes Up to 135 - 150 cmag Yes Allowed in a child restraint 2 67 Grenada No — — Not restricted — — Guatemala No — — Not restricted — — Guinea Yes Up to 18 mthsah No Prohibited under 10 yrs — – Guinea-Bissau Yes Up to 12 yrs /135 cm No Prohibited under 12 yrs / 135 cm 0 – Guyana Yesai — No Not restricted 0 – Honduras Noaj — — Prohibited under 12 yrs — — Hungary Yes Up to 135 - 150 cmak Yes Allowed in a child restraint 7 67 Iceland Yes Up to 135 cm Yes Allowed in a child restraintal 9 93 India No — — Not restricted — — Indonesia No — — Not restricted — – Iran (Islamic Republic of) No — — Prohibited under 12 yrs — – Iraq No — — Prohibitedam — — Ireland Yes Up to 36 kg / 150 cm Yes Allowed in a child restraint i 10 – Israel Yes Up to 8 yrsan Yes Allowed in a child restraint 6 52 Italy Yes Up to 150 cm Yes Allowed in a child restrainti 6 38 Jamaica Yesai — Yes Not restricted 2 – Japan Yes Up to 6 yrs Yes Allowed in a child restraint 7 64 Jordan No — — Prohibited under 10 yrs — – Kazakhstan Yes —ao Yesao Allowed in a child restraint 7 – Kenya No — — Not restricted — — Kiribati Noap — — Not restricted — — Kuwait No — — Prohibited under 10 yrs — — 373 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Child restraint systems law Children seated in front seat Enforcement Percentage of children using child restraints National child restraint law Child restraints required Standard referred to and / or specified Kyrgyzstan Noaq — — Allowed in a child restraintar — – Lao People’s Democratic Republic Yes as — No Not restricted 1 – Latvia Yes Up to 150 cm No Allowed in a child restraintat 7 – Lebanon Yes Up to 5 yrsau No Prohibited under 10 yrs 3 – Lesotho No — — Not restricted — — Liberia No — — Not restricted — — Libya No — — Not restricted — – Lithuania Yes Up to 135 cm Yes Allowed in a child restraintav 8 – Luxembourg Yes Up to 17 yrs / 150 cm Yes Allowed in a child restraint i 8 – Madagascar No — — Prohibited under 5 yrs — – Malawi No — — Not restricted — — Malaysia No — — Not restricted — — Maldives No — — Not restricted — – Mali Noaw — — Prohibited under 10 yrs — – Malta Yes Up to 3 yrsax Yes Allowed in a child restraint 3 – Mauritania No — — Prohibited under 10 yrs — — Mauritius No — — Prohibited under 10 yrs — — Mexico No — — Not restricted — 13.7 Micronesia (Federated States of) No — — Not restricted — — Mongolia No — — Not restricted — – Montenegro Yes Up to 5 yrs No Prohibited under 12 yrsay 4 – Morocco No — — Prohibited under 10 yrs — – Mozambique Yes Up to 12 yrs No Prohibited under 12 yrsaz 4 – Myanmar No — — Not restricted — – Namibia Noba — — Not restricted — – Nepal No — — Not restricted — – Netherlands Yes Up to 18 yrs / 135 cm Yes Allowed in a child restraint i 6 – New Zealand Yes Up to 7 yrs No Allowed in a child restraint 8 93 and 95bb Niger No — — Not restricted — – 374 Country / Area Child restraint systems law Children seated in front seat Enforcement Percentage of children using child restraints National child restraint law Child restraints required Standard referred to and / or specified Nigeria Yes Up to 7 yrs No Prohibited under 7 yrs 3 – Norway Yes Up to 135 - 150 cmbc Yes Allowed in a child restraint i 10 – Oman Yes Up to 4 yrs No Prohibited under 10 yrs 7 – Pakistan No — — Not restricted — – Panama Nobd — — Prohibited under 5 yrs — – Papua New Guinea No — — Not restrictedbe — — Paraguay Yes Up to 5 yrs No Prohibited under 10 yrs 2 – Peru Yes Up to 3 yrsbf Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 1 <1 Philippines No — — Prohibited under 6 yrsbg — — Poland Yes Up to 135 - 150 cmbc Yes Allowed in a child restraint i 7 93 Portugal Yes Up to 12 yrs / 135 cm Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs /135 cmbh 8 91 - 100 Qatar No — — Prohibited under 10 yrs — 72 Republic of Korea Nobi — — Allowed in a child restraintbj — 40 - 42 Republic of Moldova Yesbk — No Prohibited under 12 yrs 8 50 Romania Yes Up to 135 cm Yes Allowed in a child restraintbl 7 – Russian Federation Yesbm Up to 7 yrsbn Yes Allowed in a child restraintbo 7 49 - 52 Rwanda No — — Not restricted — — Saint Lucia No — — Not restricted — — Samoa Nobp — — Not restrictedbq — – San Marino Yes Up to 150 cm Yes Allowed in a child restraint 8 – Sao Tome and Principe Nobr — — Prohibited under 12 yrs / 150 cmbs — – Saudi Arabia Yes —bt No Prohibited under 10 yrs 1 – Senegal No — — Not restricted — – Serbia Yes Up to 3 yrs Yes Prohibited under 12 yrsbu 3 28 Seychelles Yesbv —bw No Not restricted 5 – Singapore Yes Up to 135 cm Yes Allowed in a child restraint 8 – Slovakia Yes Up to 150 cm Yes Allowed in a child restrainti 8 – Slovenia Yes Up to 150 cm No Allowed in a child restrainti 9 – 375 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Child restraint systems law Children seated in front seat Enforcement Percentage of children using child restraints National child restraint law Child restraints required Standard referred to and / or specified Solomon Islands No — — Not restricted — — Somalia No — — Not restricted — – South Africa Yes Up to 3 yrs Yes Not restrictedbx 5 – South Sudan No — — Not restricted — — Spain Yes Up to 135 cm Yes Prohibited under 135 cmby 8 88 Sri Lanka No — — Not restricted — – Sudan No — — Prohibited under 10 yrs — – Suriname Yesbz —bz No Allowed in a child restraint 4 – Sweden Yes Up to 135 cm Yes Allowed in a child restrainti 6 96 Switzerland Yes Up to 12 yrs / 150 cmca Yes Allowed in a child restraint 7 93 Syrian Arab Republic No — — Prohibited under 12 yrs — – Tajikistan Nocb — — Allowed in a child restraintcc — – Thailand No — — Not restricted — – The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Yes Up to 5 yrs No Prohibited under 12 yrs cd 7 – Timor-Leste No — — Prohibited under 12 yrsce — – Togo No — — Not restricted — — Tonga No — — Not restricted — — Trinidad and Tobago Yes Up to 5 yrs Yes Prohibited under 5 yrs 3 – Tunisia No — — Prohibited under 10 yrs — – Turkey Yes Up to 36 kg / 135 - 150 cmcf Yes Allowed in a child restraint i 9 – Turkmenistan Nocg — — Allowed in a child restraintch — – Uganda No — — Not restricted — — Ukraine Yesci — No Allowed in a child restraintcj 2 – United Arab Emirates Yes Up to 4 yrs ck Yes Prohibited under 10 yrs / 145 cm 7 – United Kingdom Yes Up to 12 yrs / 135 cm Yes Allowed in a child restraint 10 95 (NI) United Republic of Tanzania No — — Not restricted — — United States of America Yes —cl Yes Allowed in a child restraint — 89 376 Country / Area Child restraint systems law Children seated in front seat Enforcement Percentage of children using child restraints National child restraint law Child restraints required Standard referred to and / or specified Uruguay Yes Up to 12 yrs / 36 kg / 150 cm Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs / 150 cm 4 23 Uzbekistan No — — Allowed in a child restraint — — Vanuatu Nocm — — Allowed in a child restraintcn — – Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Yes co — No Prohibited under 10 yrs 3 – Viet Nam No — — Not restricted — — West Bank and Gaza Strip Yes Up to 14 yrs Yes cp Allowed in a child restraint 3 – Zimbabwe No — — Prohibited under 10 yrs — – a Children under 12 years can travel in the front if placed in an appropriate restraining device (with airbag deactivated for rear-facing restraint) b A 2018 amendment (not covered in the review period ending at December 2017) raised the age for mandatory child restraint use to 10 years old c Transport of children under 12 years in the front seat shall be made in a «child protecting device» d In no circumstances are children under 4 years allowed to sit in the front. Children from 4 to 7 years can sit in the front only if there is no room for them in the back due to the back seats being occupied by other children under 7 years e Child restraint systems are only required for children under 12 years seated in the front f For children aged 5-12 years, either CRS or «other means» (than CRS) can be used to secure the child using the seat belt g If rear-facing child restraints, airbag shall be deactivated h All child restraints sold in Belgium must comply with UNECE regulation i Provided that airbag is deactivated if child is in a rear-facing child restraint system j Children aged 5-12 years can be either restrained in a booster seat or in a child restraint k By exception, a child under 2 years can be seated in the front if there is no airbag installed or if the airbag is deactivated when the child is seated in a rear-facing seat l Data only for Republic of Srpska m The legislation refers to the use of either child restraint systems or seat-belts for children n Children under 12 yrs / 150 cm shall normally sit in the rear except if placed in a suitable restraint o Enters into force in January 2020 p Ban on children under 10 years travelling in front seats enters into force in January 2020 q Child restraint laws are enacted at subnational level. While all provinces require the use of child restraints, they provide different age / height criteria to specify the period for mandatory use of child restraint / booster seats r Legislation only recommends («as far as possible») to place children under 12 years in the rear s A child under 2 years travelling with a driver only shall be placed in a child restraint. If there is an adult passenger, the child can be held by the adult instead of being placed in a child restraint. t A child of height 135-150 cm can be restrained with an adult seat belt only provided that this child sits in the rear of the car u Children under 2 years shall be either accompanied by adults or restrained with special accessories 377 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 v Provided that airbag is deactivated if a rear-facing restraint is used w Children aged 6-12 years shall be placed in a booster seat x The legislation refers to seat belt or child restraints for children under 12 years but does not yet specify a minimum age / height / weight under which only child restraint systems can be used y Except for children under 2 yrs old or 15 kg who are required to be transported in a child restraint z Legislation refers to the use of child restraint or seat belts for «children over 9» while children under 3 years are required to be placed in a restraint only while seated in the front aa Except for an infant under 3 years fitted in a proper restraint ab The legislation generally states that children not tall enough to wear a seat belt must be secured by a safety device corresponding to the height and weight of the child but does not specify age / height / weight group covered ac Legislation requires that children under 7 years be either accompanied by an adult or «hugged by an instrument made for safety purpose» ad The obligation to use a child restraint for children under 8 years sitting in the rear is subject to the availability of a restraint system in the car ae By exception, children under 10 years can sit in the front if placed in a rear-facing child restraint (if front airbag is deactivated) or if there are no available rear seats af Under the road traffic act, children aged 5 years and below shall not sit in the front, while under the road traffic regulations they can sit in the front if placed in a child restraint ag The use of seat belt is allowed for children of height 135-150 cm sitting in the rear ah The legislation refers to homologated seats for children under 18 months and to cribs and hammocks for children under 10 years ai The legislation refers to child restraint system for children but does not specify the age / height group covered by this obligation aj Legislation refers to the protection of children under 5 years but does not specify which form this protection takes ak Children of height 135 - 150 cm can be restrained with seat belts only if they sit in the back al Seating of children under 150 cm allowed in the front only if front airbag deactivated am The law prohibits children to sit in the front but does not specify the age, size or weight of children concerned an For children under 3 years, a child restraint is required (an a rear facing child restraint for children under one year) while for children aged 3-8 years the legislation refers either to child restraint or booster seat use ao The legislation requires that children under 12 years be placed in a child restraint or «other means» used in conjunction with a seat belt ap The traffic act 2017 requires children aged 1-16 years to be either seated in the back with a seat belt or restrained by passenger over 16 yrs aq Legislation only refers to the use of child restraints for children under 12 years travelling in the front ar Children under 12 years travelling in the front of a car must be placed in a child restraint as The law states that children unable to wear normal seat belts must be placed in a child restraint seat but no specific age / weight / height is specified at Except if no seat belt is fitted in the vehicle, in which case children under 150 cm shall be travelling in the rear au Legislation refers to regulations to further specify the child restraint rules av If transported in rear facing restraints, airbag must be deactivated aw Children under 13 years can be restrained either by a child restraint systems or a seat belt ax Legislation refers to child restraint use for children up to 12 yrs /150 cm but allows children aged 3 year and over, in the absence of an available restraint, to travel in the rear without a restraint. For children under 3 years, a child restraint shall be mandatorily used ay By exception, a child under 3 years can be transported in the front of the vehicle if placed in a rear-facing restraint provided that airbag is deactivated az Except for infants under 3 years in a rear-facing child restraint air airbag deactivated ba The law requires the use of child restraints for children (defined as people between the age of 3 and 14) if available or the use of a seat belt if a child restraint is not available if an unoccupied seat fitted with a seat belt is available bb 93% 0-4 years, 95% 5-9 years bc Child restraints are required for children under 150 cm. By exception, children of height 135-150 cm can be restrained with a seat belt only if sitting in the rear bd Children under 2 years shall be placed in a child restraint only where there is no other passenger seated in the rear be Children can sit in the front as long as they are using a seat belt bf Legislation requires the use of the seat belt for children from 3-12 years old bg Ban on front seating set for children aged 6 years and below bh Except for children under 3 years in a rear-facing child restraint with airbag deactivated bi Only required for small children (defined as children under 6) sitting in the front bj Safety seats required for small children (defined as children under 6) sitting in the front bk The legislation refers to the use of child restraint systems or other means to transport children under 12 years bl If in accordance with the manufacturer’s instruction and for rear-facing restraint if airbag is deactivated bm Since 2017, child restraint systems are the only form of restraint allowed for children under 7 years old (before the 2017 revision, children under 12 were to be restrained either in a child restraint or by «other means») bn For children aged 7-11 years old (included) sitting in the rear, child restraint or seat belt can be used bo Children up to 11 years old (included) while sitting in the front shall be placed in a child restraint, children aged 12 years and more can sit in the front without a child restraint bp Legislation refers to either child restraint or seat belt to restrain children under 12 years bq Except if child restraint or seat belt are available in the front seat br Legislation refers to either child restraint or seat belt use to transport children bs Except if the vehicle does not have rear seats provided and such transportation is made in a child restraint (with airbag deactivated if a rear-facing restraint is being used) bt Reference is made to special seats to be used for children with no details as to the specific age / height under which children should be mandatorily placed in them bu Except for children under 3 years if airbag is deactivated bv The legislation refers to the use of child restraint systems for infant or child passenger but does not refer to a specific age/ height up to which the use of child restraint is mandatory 378 bw Obligation not based on age / height or weight bx Obligation to place children in the rear only applies in vehicles not fitted with seat belts and having rear seats by Front seating for children under 135 cm is only allowed as an exception if there are no seats in the back or all other seats are occupied by children bz For children under 10 years, the legislation refers to the use of child restraint system (CRS) where available and appropriate, and specifies that in the absence of child restraint, seat belts are to be used ca Children under 12 years and less than 150 cm shall be placed in a child restraint cb Legislation refers to the use of child restraints or «other means» to secure children up to 12 years old but allows the transport of children under 12 years on the knees of an adult passenger seated in the back with the seat belt fastened cc Front seating of children under 12 years allowed if a child restraint is being used cd Except for children under 2 years in a rear-facing child restraint if airbag is deactivated ce Unless the vehicle does not have a back seat and such transportation is carried out by using an approved child restraint, appropriate to the child’s size and weight cf Child restraints are required for children under 150 cm, by exception, children of height 135-150 cm can be restrained with a seat belt only if they sit in the back cg Special seating equipment for children under 12 years is only mentioned only in relation with front seating ch Law does not specifically refer to child restraint system but to «special seating equipment» for children under 12 years ci The legislation refers to the use of «special means» to be used in conjunction with the seat belt to restraint children under 12 years and 145 cm cj No specific reference to child restraint but to «special means» for children under 145 cm and 12 years sitting in the front ck Child restraints are required for children aged 4 and below cl Child restraint laws are enacted at subnational level. While all states require the use of child restraints, they provide different age / weight / height criteria to specify the period for mandatory use of child restraints/ booster seats cm Legislation allows that infants (defined as children under 3 years) be held by a responsible person as an alternative to using special seats cn Infant (defined as children under 3 years) shall be placed in a restraining seat while travelling in the front co The law requires «infants» to use «special seats for that purpose» but does not specify the age for children falling into the «infants» category cp Law refers to a device of the type validated by the licensing authority to restraint children under 14 years 379 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 TABLE A9: MOBILE PHONE LAWS BY COUNTRY / AREA Country / Area National mobile phone law Mobile phone law Any data on use of mobile phone while driving Applies to hand- held phone use Applies to hands- free phone use Afghanistan No — — No Albania Yes Yes No Yes Angola Yes Yes No Yes Antigua and Barbuda No — — No Argentina Yes Yes Yes Yes Armenia Yes Yes No Yes Australia Yes Yes No Yes Austria Yes Yes No Yesa Azerbaijan Yes Yes No No Bangladesh No — — No Barbados Yes Yes No No Belarus Yes Yes No Yes Belgium Yes Yes No Yesa Belize No — — No Benin Yes Yes Yes No Bhutan Yes Yes No No Bolivia (Plurinational State of) No — — No Bosnia and Herzegovina Yes Yes No Yesa Botswana Yes Yes No Yes Brazil Yes Yes Yes Yesa Bulgaria Yes Yes No No Burkina Faso Yes Yes No No Burundi Yes Yes Yes No Cabo Verde Yes Yes No Yes Cambodia Yes Yes No No Cameroon Yes Yes Yes No Canada Yes Yes No Yesa Central African Republic Yes Yes Yes No Chad Yes Yes Yes No Chile Yes Yes No Yes China Yes Yes No Yes Colombia Yes Yes No No Comoros No — — No Congo Yes Yes Yes No 380 Country / Area National mobile phone law Mobile phone law Any data on use of mobile phone while driving Applies to hand- held phone use Applies to hands- free phone use Cook Islands No — — No Costa Rica Yes Yes No Yes Côte d’Ivoire Yes Yes Yes No Croatia Yes Yes No Yesa Cuba Yes Yes Yes Yes Cyprus Yes Yes No Yes Czechia Yes Yes No Yesa Democratic Republic of the Congo No — — No Denmark Yes Yes No No Dominica No — — — Dominican Republic Yes Yes No Yesa Ecuador Yes Yes No Yes Egypt Yes Yes No No El Salvador Yes Yes Yes Yes Equatorial Guinea Yes Yes Yes No Eritrea Yes Yes No Yes Estonia Yes Yes No Yes Eswatini Yes Yes No No Ethiopia Yes Yes Yes Yes Fiji Yes Yes Yes Yes Finland Yes Yes No Yesa France Yes Yes No Yes Gabon Yes Yes Yes No Gambia Yes Yes No No Georgia Yes Yes No Yes Germany Yes Yes No Yesa Ghana Yes Yes No No Greece Yes Yes No Yesa Grenada No — — No Guatemala Yes Yes No Yes Guinea Yes Yes No No Guinea-Bissau Yes Yes No Yes Guyana Yes Yes No Yes 381 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area National mobile phone law Mobile phone law Any data on use of mobile phone while driving Applies to hand- held phone use Applies to hands- free phone use Honduras Yes Yes Yes Yes Hungary Yes Yes No Yes Iceland Yes Yes No Yes India Yes Yes Yes Yes Indonesia Yes No No Yes Iran (Islamic Republic of) Yes Yes Yes No Iraq Yes Yes Yes No Ireland Yes Yes No Yes Israel Yes Yes No — Italy Yes Yes No Yesa Jamaica No — — Yes Japan Yes Yes No Yes Jordan Yes Yes No No Kazakhstan Yes Yes No Yes Kenya Yes Yes No No Kiribati Yes Yes No No Kuwait Yes Yes No No Kyrgyzstan Yes Yes No Yes Lao People’s Democratic Republic Yes Yes Yes No Latvia Yes Yes No No Lebanon Yes Yes Yes No Lesotho No — — No Liberia No — — No Libya Yes No No Yes Lithuania Yes Yes No Yes Luxembourg Yes Yes No No Madagascar Yes Yes No No Malawi Yes Yes No Yesa Malaysia Yes Yes No Yesa Maldives Yes Yes No No Mali Yes Yes No Yesa Malta Yes Yes No No Mauritania Yes Yes Yes Yes 382 Country / Area National mobile phone law Mobile phone law Any data on use of mobile phone while driving Applies to hand- held phone use Applies to hands- free phone use Mauritius Yes Yes Yes Yes Mexico No No No Yesa Micronesia (Federated States of) No — — No Mongolia Yes Yes No No Montenegro Yes Yes Yes Yes Morocco Yes Yes No Yesa Mozambique Yes Yes No No Myanmar No — — No Namibia Yes Yes No No Nepal No — — No Netherlands Yes Yes No Yes New Zealand Yes Yes No Yes Niger Yes Yes Yes No Nigeria Yes Yes Yes Yes Norway Yes Yes No No Oman Yes Yes No Yes Pakistan Yes Yes No No Panama Yes Yes Yes No Papua New Guinea No — — No Paraguay Yes Yes Yes No Peru Yes Yes No Yesa Philippines Yes Yes No Yes Poland Yes Yes No Yesa Portugal Yes Yes No No Qatar Yes Yes No Yes Republic of Korea Yes Yes No Yesa Republic of Moldova Yes Yes No No Romania Yes Yes No No Russian Federation Yes Yes No Yesa Rwanda No — — No Saint Lucia Yes No No No Samoa Yes Yes No Yes San Marino Yes Yes No No 383 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area National mobile phone law Mobile phone law Any data on use of mobile phone while driving Applies to hand- held phone use Applies to hands- free phone use Sao Tome and Principe Yes Yes No No Saudi Arabia Yes Yes No Yes Senegal Yes Yes Yes No Serbia Yes Yes No Yes Seychelles Yes Yes No Yes Singapore Yes Yes No No Slovakia Yes Yes No Yes Slovenia Yes Yes No No Solomon Islands No — — No Somalia No — — No South Africa Yes Yes No Yes South Sudan No — — No Spain Yes Yes No Yes Sri Lanka Yes Yes No No Sudan Yes Yes Yes No Suriname Yes Yes No Yes Sweden Yes No No No Switzerland Yes Yes No Yes Syrian Arab Republic Yes Yes Yes Yes Tajikistan Yes Yes No No Thailand Yes Yes No No The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Yes Yes No Yes Timor-Leste Yes Yes No No Togo Yes Yes Yes No Tonga No — — No Trinidad and Tobago Yes Yes No Yes Tunisia Yes Yes No No Turkey Yes Yes Yes Yes Turkmenistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Uganda Yes Yes No No Ukraine Yes Yes No No United Arab Emirates Yes Yes No Yes United Kingdom Yes Yes No Yes 384 Country / Area National mobile phone law Mobile phone law Any data on use of mobile phone while driving Applies to hand- held phone use Applies to hands- free phone use United Republic of Tanzania No — — No United States of America Yes Nob No Yes Uruguay Yes Yes No Yes Uzbekistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Vanuatu No — — No Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Yes Yes No No Viet Nam Yes Yes No No West Bank and Gaza Strip Yes Yes No No Zimbabwe Yes Yes No No a Only some specific studies b The majority of states prohibit texting while driving 385 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 TABLE A10: ROAD SAFETY MANAGEMENT, STRATEGIES AND TARGETS BY COUNTRY / AREA Country / Area Lead agency Functions of the lead agency Road safety strategies Road safety targets A le ad a ge nc y is p re se nt Th e le ad a ge nc y is fu nd ed Co or di na tio n Le gi sl at io n M on ito rin g & ev al ua tio n Th er e is a na tio na l r oa d sa fe ty s tr at eg y Th e st ra te gy is fu nd ed Fa ta l N on -f at al Afghanistan No — — — — No — — — Albania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Angola Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded — — Antigua and Barbuda Yes No Yes Yes Yes No — — — Argentina Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes No Armenia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — — Australia Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Not funded Yes Yes Austria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Azerbaijan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — — Bangladesh Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Barbados Yes No Yes Yes Yes No — — — Belarus Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Partially funded Yes No Belgium No — — — — Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Belize Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Benin Yes No Yes No Yes No — — — Bhutan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Bosnia and Herzegovina Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Botswana Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes No Brazil Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded No No Bulgaria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Burkina Faso Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Burundi Yes Yes Yes Yes No No — — — Cabo Verde Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Cambodia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Cameroon No — — — — Yes Partially funded No No Canada Yes Noa Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Central African Republic Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes — — — — Chad Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Partially funded Yes Yes 386 Country / Area Lead agency Functions of the lead agency Road safety strategies Road safety targets A le ad a ge nc y is p re se nt Th e le ad a ge nc y is fu nd ed Co or di na tio n Le gi sl at io n M on ito rin g & ev al ua tio n Th er e is a na tio na l r oa d sa fe ty s tr at eg y Th e st ra te gy is fu nd ed Fa ta l N on -f at al Chile Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded No No China Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Colombia Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Comoros Yes No Yes Yes Yes No — — — Congo Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Cook Islands Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Costa Rica Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes No Côte d’Ivoire Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes Yes Croatia No — — — — Yes Fully funded Yes No Cuba Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes No Cyprus Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Czechia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Democratic Republic of the Congo Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded No — Denmark No — — — — Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Dominica Yes No Yes Yes Yes No — — — Dominican Republic Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Ecuador Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Egypt Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Partially funded Yes No El Salvador Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Equatorial Guinea Yes Yes Yes Yes No No — — — Eritrea Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Estonia Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Eswatini Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — — Ethiopia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Fiji Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Finland Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Partially funded Yes No France Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes No Gabon Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not funded — — Gambia Yes Yes Yes No No No — — — 387 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Lead agency Functions of the lead agency Road safety strategies Road safety targets A le ad a ge nc y is p re se nt Th e le ad a ge nc y is fu nd ed Co or di na tio n Le gi sl at io n M on ito rin g & ev al ua tio n Th er e is a na tio na l r oa d sa fe ty s tr at eg y Th e st ra te gy is fu nd ed Fa ta l N on -f at al Georgia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded No No Germany Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Partially funded Yes No Ghana Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Greece Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Grenada Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — — Guatemala Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Guinea Yes — Yes — — No — — — Guinea-Bissau No — — — — No — — — Guyana Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Honduras Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded No No Hungary No — — — — Yes Partially funded Yes No Iceland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded — — India Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Indonesia Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Partially funded Yes No Iran (Islamic Republic of) Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Iraq Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Not funded No No Ireland Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Fully funded Yes Yes Israel Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded No No Italy Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Jamaica Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Partially funded Yes No Japan Yes Yes No No No Yes Fully funded Yes Yes Jordan No — — — — No — — — Kazakhstan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Kenya Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — — Kiribati No — — — — Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Kuwait Yes Yes Yes No No No — — — Kyrgyzstan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes — Lao People’s Democratic Republic Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Latvia No — — — — Yes Not funded Yes Yes 388 Country / Area Lead agency Functions of the lead agency Road safety strategies Road safety targets A le ad a ge nc y is p re se nt Th e le ad a ge nc y is fu nd ed Co or di na tio n Le gi sl at io n M on ito rin g & ev al ua tio n Th er e is a na tio na l r oa d sa fe ty s tr at eg y Th e st ra te gy is fu nd ed Fa ta l N on -f at al Lebanon Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — — Lesotho Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — — Liberia No — — — — No — — — Libya Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Not funded Yes Yes Lithuania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Luxembourg Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Madagascar Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Malawi Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Malaysia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Maldives Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not funded No No Mali Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Malta Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes Yes Mauritania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Mauritius Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes Yes Mexico Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Micronesia (Federated States of) No — — — — No — — — Mongolia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Montenegro Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Morocco Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes No Mozambique Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded No No Myanmar Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Not funded Yes No Namibia Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Nepal Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded — — Netherlands Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes New Zealand Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes No Niger Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded No Yes Nigeria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes Yes Norway Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes Yes Oman Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes Yes Pakistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded No No 389 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Lead agency Functions of the lead agency Road safety strategies Road safety targets A le ad a ge nc y is p re se nt Th e le ad a ge nc y is fu nd ed Co or di na tio n Le gi sl at io n M on ito rin g & ev al ua tio n Th er e is a na tio na l r oa d sa fe ty s tr at eg y Th e st ra te gy is fu nd ed Fa ta l N on -f at al Panama Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Papua New Guinea Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded No No Paraguay Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Peru Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Philippines Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes Yes Poland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Portugal Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Qatar Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes Yes Republic of Korea Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Republic of Moldova Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Romania Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Russian Federation Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Rwanda Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded No Yes Saint Lucia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — — Samoa Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No San Marino Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded No No Sao Tome and Principe Yes No Yes Yes Yes No — — — Saudi Arabia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded — — Senegal Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Serbia Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Seychelles Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded No No Singapore Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded No No Slovakia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Slovenia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Solomon Islands Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — — Somalia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not funded No No South Africa Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No South Sudan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — — 390 Country / Area Lead agency Functions of the lead agency Road safety strategies Road safety targets A le ad a ge nc y is p re se nt Th e le ad a ge nc y is fu nd ed Co or di na tio n Le gi sl at io n M on ito rin g & ev al ua tio n Th er e is a na tio na l r oa d sa fe ty s tr at eg y Th e st ra te gy is fu nd ed Fa ta l N on -f at al Spain Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes Yes Sri Lanka Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Sudan Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Suriname No — — — — No — — — Sweden Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Switzerland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — — Syrian Arab Republic Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded No No Tajikistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded No No Thailand Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Timor-Leste Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded No No Togo Yes No Yes Yes Yes No — — — Tonga Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Trinidad and Tobago Yes No No No No Yes Partially funded No No Tunisia Yes Yes Yes No Yes No — — — Turkey Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes Yes Turkmenistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded No — Uganda Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Ukraine No — — — — No — — — United Arab Emirates Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes United Kingdom Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes United Republic of Tanzania Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No United States of America Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes Yes Uruguay Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — — Uzbekistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — — Vanuatu Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Partially funded — — 391 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Lead agency Functions of the lead agency Road safety strategies Road safety targets A le ad a ge nc y is p re se nt Th e le ad a ge nc y is fu nd ed Co or di na tio n Le gi sl at io n M on ito rin g & ev al ua tio n Th er e is a na tio na l r oa d sa fe ty s tr at eg y Th e st ra te gy is fu nd ed Fa ta l N on -f at al Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded No No Viet Nam Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No West Bank and Gaza Strip Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded No No Zimbabwe Yes No Yes Yes Yes No — — — a A self-sustaining prganisation through membership fees and data services. 392 TABLE A11: SAFER MOBILITY BY COUNTRY / AREA Country / Area Number of registered vehicles Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Inspections / star rating of existing roads Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Investments to upgrade high risk locations Policies & investment in urban public transport Policies promoting walking and cycling Afghanistan 655 357 Partial – Partial Yes Yes No Albania 563 106 Yes No Partial Yes Yes Subnational Angola No No Partial Yes Yes Yes Antigua and Barbuda 36 030 Partial No Partial No No No Argentina 21 633 587 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Armenia Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes No Australia 18 326 236 Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Austria 7 421 647 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Azerbaijan 1 330 551 Partial Yes Partial No Yes No Bangladesh 2 879 708 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes No Barbados 117 104 No Yes Partial No Yes No Belarus 4 192 291 No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Belgium 7 330 718 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Subnational Belize 56 094 Yes Yes Yes No No No Benin 469 761 Partial No Partial Yes No No Bhutan 86 981 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 1 711 005 Yes Yes Yes No Yes Subnational Bosnia and Herzegovina 978 229 Partial Yes Yes Yes No Subnational Botswana 653 274 Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Brazil 93 867 016 Yes No Partial Yes Yes Yes Bulgaria 4 031 748 Partial No Yes No Yes Yes Burkina Faso 2 106 292 Partial Yes Yes Yes No No Burundi 111 236 Partial No No No No No Cabo Verde 64 955 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes No Cambodia 3 751 715 Yes Yes No Yes No No Cameroon 758 145 Partial Yes Partial Yes Yes No Canada 23 923 806 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Subnational Central African Republic 37 475 Partial Yes Partial Yes No No Chad 1 124 000 Yes No Yes Yes No No Chile 4 960 945 No No Partial No Yes Subnational 393 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Number of registered vehicles Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Inspections / star rating of existing roads Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Investments to upgrade high risk locations Policies & investment in urban public transport Policies promoting walking and cycling China 294 694 457 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Colombia 13 477 996 Partial No No No Yes No Comoros 34 898 No No No Yes No No Congo Yes No Partial No No No Cook Islands 12 453 Partial Yes Partial Yes No Yes Costa Rica 1 991 398 No – No No Yes Subnational Côte d’Ivoire 905 537 Partial No Partial Yes Yes No Croatia 1 996 056 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Cuba 633 369 No Yes Partial Yes Yes No Cyprus 650 805 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Czechia 7 325 789 Partial Yes Yes No Yes Yes Democratic Republic of the Congo – No Partial No No Subnational Denmark 3 131 673 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Dominica 35 796 – No Partial No No No Dominican Republic 3 854 038 Yes No Partial Yes Yes Yes Ecuador 1 925 368 Yes Yes Partial No Yes Yes Egypt 8 412 673 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes Subnational El Salvador 1 008 080 Partial No Partial No Yes Yes Equatorial Guinea 143 000 No – No No No Eritrea 72 405 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Estonia 865 040 Partial Yes Yes Yes No Yes Eswatini 99 830 Yes Yes Partial No Yes No Ethiopia 708 416 No No Partial No Yes No Fiji 110 763 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes Yes Finland 5 217 850 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes France 42 363 000 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Gabon – – No Yes Yes No Gambia 84 963 Partial No Partial Yes No No Georgia 1 126 470 Yes No Partial Yes Yes Yes Germany 56 622 000 Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Ghana 2 066 943 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 394 Country / Area Number of registered vehicles Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Inspections / star rating of existing roads Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Investments to upgrade high risk locations Policies & investment in urban public transport Policies promoting walking and cycling Greece 9 489 299 Partial Yes Partial Yes Yes Subnational Grenada 27 266 Partial Yes Partial Yes No No Guatemala 3 250 194 Partial No Partial Yes Yes Subnational Guinea 259 731 Yes No No No Yes No Guinea-Bissau 62 239 No No No No No No Guyana 15 694 Yes No Partial No No No Honduras 1 694 504 Yes No Yes Yes No No Hungary 4 022 798 Yes Yes Yes No No Subnational Iceland 289 501 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes Yes India 210 023 289 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes No Indonesia 128 398 594 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Subnational Iran (Islamic Republic of) 30 377 065 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes Subnational Iraq 5 775 777 Partial No Partial No Yes No Ireland 2 573 961 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Israel 3 239 305 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes Yes Italy 52 581 575 Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Jamaica 541 316 Yes Yes Partial No Yes Yes Japan 81 602 046 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Jordan 1 502 420 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes No Kazakhstan 4 383 120 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Kenya 2 979 910 Partial No Partial Yes Yes Subnational Kiribati 3 706 Yes No Partial Yes Yes Yes Kuwait 2 001 940 Yes – No No No No Kyrgyzstan 993 000 Yes No Partial Yes Yes Lao People’s Democratic Republic 1 850 020 Partial No Partial Yes No Yes Latvia 803 628 Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Lebanon 1 866 407 Partial – Partial No No No Lesotho Yes Yes No No No No Liberia 1 085 075 Yes Yes Partial No Yes Yes Libya 3 553 497 Yes No Partial Yes Yes No Lithuania 1 391 568 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 395 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Number of registered vehicles Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Inspections / star rating of existing roads Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Investments to upgrade high risk locations Policies & investment in urban public transport Policies promoting walking and cycling Luxembourg 466 472 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Madagascar 236 979 Yes Yes Partial No No No Malawi Partial No Yes No No No Malaysia 27 613 120 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Maldives 92 983 No Yes Partial No Yes No Mali 344 345 Yes Yes Partial Yes No No Malta 358 947 Partial Yes Partial No Yes Yes Mauritania No No No Yes No No Mauritius 507 676 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes No Mexico 40 205 671 No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Micronesia (Federated States of) 5 673 Partial Yes Partial No No No Mongolia 841 537 Yes No Partial No Yes Yes Montenegro 211 219 Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Morocco 3 791 469 Partial Yes No Yes Yes Yes Mozambique 698 864 No No Partial No No No Myanmar 6 381 136 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Namibia 371 281 No No Partial Yes Yes Yes Nepal 2 339 169 Partial Yes Partial No Yes No Netherlands 10 757 655 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes New Zealand 3 656 300 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Niger 436 420 Partial No Yes No No No Nigeria 11 733 425 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes Yes Norway 3 969 612 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes Yes Oman 1 370 913 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Subnational Pakistan 18 352 500 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes No Panama 1 288 573 No No Partial No Yes Subnational Papua New Guinea 100 993 Partial Yes Partial No No Subnational Paraguay 1 871 947 Yes Yes Partial No Yes Subnational Peru 5 604 789 No – No Yes No Yes Philippines 9 251 565 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes Yes Poland 27 409 106 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 396 Country / Area Number of registered vehicles Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Inspections / star rating of existing roads Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Investments to upgrade high risk locations Policies & investment in urban public transport Policies promoting walking and cycling Portugal 6 590 094 Partial Yes Yes No Yes Yes Qatar 1 330 487 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Republic of Korea 25 680 967 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Republic of Moldova 894 253 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Romania 7 014 661 Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Russian Federation 54 014 259 Yes No Yes Yes Yes Subnational Rwanda 180 137 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Saint Lucia 35 681 No No Partial No No No Samoa 25 235 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes Subnational San Marino 54 956 Partial No Partial Yes Yes No Sao Tome and Principe 34 050 No No Partial No No No Saudi Arabia 6 895 799 Partial Yes Partial Yes Yes Subnational Senegal 468 051 Yes Yes No No Yes No Serbia 2 282 401 No No Yes Yes Yes No Seychelles 23 076 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Singapore 933 534 Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Slovakia 2 606 412 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Slovenia 1 468 439 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Solomon Islands Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Somalia 59 457 No – No No No No South Africa Partial Yes Partial Yes Yes Yes South Sudan 69 647 No Yes Partial No No No Spain 32 986 384 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Sri Lanka 6 795 469 Partial No Partial Yes No Subnational Sudan 1 252 740 Yes Yes Partial No Yes No Suriname 228 388 No No Partial No Yes No Sweden 6 102 914 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Switzerland 5 980 512 Partial Yes No Yes Yes Yes Syrian Arab Republic 2 396 544 Partial Yes Partial Yes Yes Yes Tajikistan 439 972 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes No Thailand 37 338 139 Partial Yes Partial Yes Yes Yes 397 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Number of registered vehicles Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Inspections / star rating of existing roads Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Investments to upgrade high risk locations Policies & investment in urban public transport Policies promoting walking and cycling The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 442 962 Partial Yes Yes No Yes Yes Timor-Leste 146 596 Partial No Yes No Yes Yes Togo 64 118 Partial No Partial Yes Yes No Tonga 8 154 Yes Yes Partial Yes No Subnational Trinidad and Tobago 831 803 Partial No Yes No Yes No Tunisia 2 015 601 Partial – Partial Yes Yes No Turkey 21 090 424 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Turkmenistan Yes No Partial Yes Yes Yes Uganda 1 594 962 Yes Yes Partial Yes No Yes Ukraine 14 433 709 Yes Yes Yes No Yes Subnational United Arab Emirates 3 391 125 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes Subnational United Kingdom 38 388 214 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes United Republic of Tanzania 2 163 623 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes No United States of America 281 312 446 No – No Yes Yes Yes Uruguay 2 342 026 No No Partial No Yes Yes Uzbekistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Vanuatu Partial No Partial Yes Yes No Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 7 999 760 Yes – Yes No Yes No Viet Nam 50 666 855 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes Subnational West Bank and Gaza Strip 268 365 Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Zimbabwe 1 198 584 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes No 398 TABLE A12: VEHICLE STANDARDS BY COUNTRY / AREA Country / Area Vehicle standards Seat-belts Seat-belt anchorages Frontal impact Side impact Electronic stability control Pedestrian protection Child seats Motorcycle anti-lock bracking system Afghanistan No No No No No No No No Albania No No No No No No No No Angola No No No No No No No No Antigua and Barbuda No No No No No No No No Argentina Yes Yes Yesa Yesb Noc No No No Armenia No No No No No No No No Australia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yesd No Yes Austria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Azerbaijan No No No No No No No No Bangladesh No No No No No No No No Barbados No No No No No No No No Belarus No No No No No No No No Belgium Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Belize No No No No No No No No Benin No No No No No No No No Bhutan No No No No No No No No Bolivia (Plurinational State of) No No No No No No No No Bosnia and Herzegovina No No No No No No No No Botswana No No No No No No No No Brazil Yes Yes Yes Noe No No Yes Yes Bulgaria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Burkina Faso No No No No No No No No Burundi No No No No No No No No Cabo Verde No No No No No No No No Cambodia No No No No No No No No Cameroon No No No No No No No No Canada Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Central African Republic No No No No No No No No Chad No No No No No No No No Chile No No No No No No No No China Yes Yes Yes Yes Nof No No No 399 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Vehicle standards Seat-belts Seat-belt anchorages Frontal impact Side impact Electronic stability control Pedestrian protection Child seats Motorcycle anti-lock bracking system Colombia No No No No No No No No Comoros No No No No No No No No Congo No No No No No No No No Cook Islands No No No No No No No No Costa Rica No No No No No No No No Côte d’Ivoire No No No No No No No No Croatia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Cuba No No No No No No No No Cyprus Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Czechia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Democratic Republic of the Congo No No No No No No No No Denmark Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Dominica No No No No No No No No Dominican Republic No No No No No No No No Ecuador Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Egypt Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No El Salvador No No No No No No No No Equatorial Guinea No No No No No No No No Eritrea No No No No No No No No Estonia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Eswatini No No No No No No No No Ethiopia No No No No No No No No Fiji No No No No No No No No Finland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes France Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Gabon No No No No No No No No Gambia No No No No No No No No Georgia No No No No No No No No Germany Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Ghana No No No No No No No No Greece Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Grenada No No No No No No No No 400 Country / Area Vehicle standards Seat-belts Seat-belt anchorages Frontal impact Side impact Electronic stability control Pedestrian protection Child seats Motorcycle anti-lock bracking system Guatemala No No No No No No No No Guinea No No No No No No No No Guinea-Bissau No No No No No No No No Guyana No No No No No No No No Honduras No No No No No No No No Hungary Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Iceland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes India Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yesg No Yes Indonesia No No No No No No No No Iran (Islamic Republic of) No No No No No No No No Iraq No No No No No No No No Ireland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Israel Yesh Yesh Yesh Yesh Yesh No Yes No Italy Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Jamaica No No No No No No No No Japan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Jordan No No No No No No No No Kazakhstan No No No No No No No No Kenya No No No No No No No No Kiribati No No No No No No No No Kuwait No No No No No No No No Kyrgyzstan No No No No No No No No Lao People’s Democratic Republic No No No No No No No No Latvia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Lebanon No No No No No No No No Lesotho No No No No No No No No Liberia No No No No No No No No Libya No No No No No No No No Lithuania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Luxembourg Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Madagascar No No No No No No No No 401 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Vehicle standards Seat-belts Seat-belt anchorages Frontal impact Side impact Electronic stability control Pedestrian protection Child seats Motorcycle anti-lock bracking system Malawi No No No No No No No No Malaysia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Maldives No No No No No No No No Mali No No No No No No No No Malta Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Mauritania No No No No No No No No Mauritius No No No No No No No No Mexico Yes No No No No No No No Micronesia (Federated States of) No No No No No No No No Mongolia No No No No No No No No Montenegro No No No No No No No No Morocco No No No No No No No No Mozambique No No No No No No No No Myanmar No No No No No No No No Namibia No No No No No No No No Nepal No No No No No No No No Netherlands Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes New Zealand Yes Yes Yes Yes Yesi Yes Yes No Niger No No No No No No No No Nigeria No No No No No No No No Norway Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Oman No No No No No No No No Pakistan No No No No No No No No Panama No No No No No No No No Papua New Guinea No No No No No No No No Paraguay No No No No No No No No Peru No No No No No No No No Philippines No No No No No No No No Poland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Portugal Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Qatar No No No No No No No No Republic of Korea Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 402 Country / Area Vehicle standards Seat-belts Seat-belt anchorages Frontal impact Side impact Electronic stability control Pedestrian protection Child seats Motorcycle anti-lock bracking system Republic of Moldova No No No No No No No No Romania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Russian Federation Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Rwanda No No No No No No No No Saint Lucia No No No No No No No No Samoa No No No No No No No No San Marino Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Sao Tome and Principe No No No No No No No No Saudi Arabia No No No No No No No No Senegal No No No No No No No No Serbia No No No No No No No No Seychelles No No No No No No No No Singapore No No No No No No No No Slovakia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Slovenia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Solomon Islands No No No No No No No No Somalia No No No No No No No No South Africa No Yes No No Yes Yes Yes No South Sudan No No No No No No No No Spain Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Sri Lanka No No No No No No No No Sudan No No No No No No No No Suriname No No No No No No No No Sweden Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Switzerland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Syrian Arab Republic No No No No No No No No Tajikistan No No No No No No No No Thailand Yes Yes Noj,k Noj,k Nok Yes No No The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia No No No No No No No No Timor-Leste No No No No No No No No Togo No No No No No No No No 403 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Vehicle standards Seat-belts Seat-belt anchorages Frontal impact Side impact Electronic stability control Pedestrian protection Child seats Motorcycle anti-lock bracking system Tonga No No No No No No No No Trinidad and Tobago No No No No No No No No Tunisia No No No No No No No No Turkey Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Turkmenistan No No No No No No No No Uganda No No No No No No No No Ukraine No No No No No No No No United Arab Emirates No No No No No No No No United Kingdom Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes United Republic of Tanzania No No No No No No No No United States of America Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Uruguay Yes Yes No No No No Yes No Uzbekistan No No No No No No No No Vanuatu No No No No No No No No Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) No No No No No No No No Viet Nam No No No No No No No No West Bank and Gaza Strip No No No No No No No No Zimbabwe No No No No No No No No a Only for new models b For new models as from 2018 c Mandatory as from 2018 under voluntary agreement with car makers but postponed to 2022 by the new government following Brazil ESC mandatory date d Australia has signed the UN127 for Pedestrian Protection as a Contracting Party but is not enforcing it e Brazil included the requirement for side impact for new vehicles from 2020 f However top 12 car makers (more than 70% of sales volume) commited to ESC standard as from 2018 g Mandatory from October 2018 h Required for cars made under US regulations - for European cars, no requirements further than ESC i For new models as from 2018 j According to representatives information the regulation will be mandatory as from 2020 k Thailand launched an ECO-CAR program with tax incentives for cars with ESC but this is not mandatory for all cars PHOTO CREDITS Page iii AdobeStock Page vii WHO Page ix Bloomberg Page xii AdobeStock Page xv AdobeStock Page xvi AdobeStock Page 9 WHO Page 12 AdobeStock Page 13 AdobeStock Page 14 AdobeStock Page 17 WHO Page 21 AdobeStock Page 22 AdobeStock Page 30 AdobeStock Page 34 WHO Page 37 AdobeStock Page 44 AdobeStock Page 47 AdobeStock Page 48 AdobeStock Page 49 AdobeStock Page 51 WHO Page 55 Edward Echwalu Page 56 AdobeStock Page 60 AdobeStock Page 63 AdobeStock Page 65 AdobeStock Page 66 AdobeStock Page 71 AdobeStock Page 73 AdobeStock Page 74 AdobeStock Page 76 AdobeStock Page 80 AdobeStock Page 270 AdobeStock Page 278 AdobeStock Page 288 AdobeStock Page 288 AdobeStock
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION Management of Noncommunicable Diseases, Disability, Violence and Injury Prevention (NVI) 20 Avenue Appia 1211 Geneva 27 Switzerland Phone: +41 22 791 2881 http //YYYYhQiPt/XiQNePceAiPLur[ApreXePtiQP/rQCdAtrCHfic/eP/ ISBN 978-92-4-156564-2
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Global status report on road safety 2018 ISBN 978-92-4-156568-4 © World Health Organization 2018 Some rights reserved. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo). Under the terms of this licence, you may copy, redistribute and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes, provided the work is appropriately cited, as indicated below. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that WHO endorses any specific organization, products or services. The use of the WHO logo is not permitted. If you adapt the work, then you must license your work under the same or equivalent Creative Commons licence. If you create a translation of this work, you should add the following disclaimer along with the suggested citation: “This translation was not created by the World Health Organization (WHO). WHO is not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original English edition shall be the binding and authentic edition”. Any mediation relating to disputes arising under the licence shall be conducted in accordance with the mediation rules of the World Intellectual Property Organization. Suggested citation. Global status report on road safety 2018. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018. Licence: CC BY- NC-SA 3.0 IGO. Cataloguing-in-Publication (CIP) data. CIP data are available at http://apps.who.int/iris. Sales, rights and licensing. To purchase WHO publications, see http://apps.who.int/bookorders. To submit requests for commercial use and queries on rights and licensing, see http://www.who.int/about/licensing. Third-party materials. If you wish to reuse material from this work that is attributed to a third party, such as Tables, Figures or images, it is your responsibility to determine whether permission is needed for that reuse and to obtain permission from the copyright holder. The risk of claims resulting from infringement of any third-party-owned component in the work rests solely with the user. General disclaimers. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of WHO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted and dashed lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by WHO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions expected, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by WHO to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall WHO be liable for damages arising from its use. Design and layout by Paprika Printed in France Made possible through funding from Bloomberg Philanthropies.
Contents Acknowledgements vi Foreword by Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus vii Foreword by Michael R. Bloomberg ix Executive Summary xi Introduction x Section 1: Current state of global road safety 1 &haSter 7he *lobal %urGen oI 5oaG 7raffic 'eaths Key messages 3 &haSter ,nstitutional manaJement Key messages 15 &haSter /eJislation anG roaG user behaYiour Key messages 23 Managing speed 27 Reducing drink-driving 31 Increasing motorcycle helmet use 36 Increasing seat-belt use 40 Increasing child restraint use 42 Reducing distracted driving 45 Reducing drug-driving 46 &haSter 6aIe roaGs Key messages 49 Chapter 5: Safe vehicles 56 Key messages 57 Chapter 6: Post-crash care 66 Key messages 67 6ection &ountr\area Sro̧les 6ection ([Slanator\ notes anG statistical anne[ Explanatory note 1: methodology, data collection, validation and analysis 270 Explanatory note 2: country/area profiles 278 Explanatory note 3: estimation of road traffic deaths 288 Statistical Annex 296 Photo credits 404 vi Acknowledgements The Global status report on road safety 2018 benefited from the contributions of a number of WHO staff and collaborators. Nhan Tran coordinated the writing of the report with contributions by Jeanne Breene, Meleckidzedeck Khayesi, Rob McInerney, Anesh Sukhai, Tamitza Toroyan and David Ward. Kacem Iaych was responsible for data management and statistical analysis; Joëlle Auert was responsible for the legislation data management and analysis. Strategic direction on the report was provided by Etienne Krug. Regional data coordinators were responsible for trainings, data collection and validation: Anneli Heimann and Martial-Manfred Missimikim (African Region), Alessandra Senisse (Region of the Americas), Rania Saad (Eastern Mediterranean Region and South-East Asian Region), Yongjie Yon (European Region), Maria Angela Pestaňo and Whitney Skowronski (Western Pacific Region). Further support at regional level was provided by: Hala Sakr, Dinesh Sethi, Eugenia Rodrigues, Jonathon Passmore, Patanjali Nayar and Jatinder Pal Singh Chhatwal. WHO Representatives and staff at country level facilitated this work and their contribution is gratefully acknowledged. Other WHO staff who contributed include: Elena Altieri, Angelita Ruth Dee, Doris Ma Fat, Colin Mathers, Evelyn Murphy, Florence Rusciano, Zoe Brillantes and Teri Reynolds. Country level data could not have been obtained without the invaluable input of: the National Data Coordinators (see Table A1 in the Statistical Annex); all respondents who participated in data collection and the country level consensus meetings; government officials who supported the project and provided official clearance of the information for inclusion in this report. WHO also wishes to thank the following contributors whose expertise made this document possible: Adrienne Pizatella, Jennifer Ellis, Kelly Larson, and Kelly Henning from Bloomberg Philanthropies; Leslie Zellers for her support in reviewing and analysing legislative documents for the region of the Americas; Saul Billingsley, Lotte Brondum, Soames Job, Adnan Hyder, Rob McInerney, and David Ward, for serving on the advisory committee for this report; Abdul Bachani, Judy Fleiter, and Margie Peden, for review comments; Alejandro Furas and Jessica Truong for support on collecting and interpreting data on vehicle standards; Isaac Botchey for assisting with checking of country profiles; Claudia Adriazola-Steil, Matts-Ake Belin and Judy Williams for providing material for boxes; Eric Thuo for assisting with literature review on child restraints; Hal Inada for the checking of references; Kaitlyn Friedman for assisting with data processing; Tony Price who edited the report; the team of translators from Alboum for support with translations of legislation; and graphic designers from Paprika who produced the design and layout of the report. This report is in memoriam of Dominique Rurangirwa, the National Data Coordinator in Rwanda who lost his life in a road traffic crash earlier this year. His death was most unexpected and he will be sadly missed by all his colleagues, both locally and internationally. This tragedy serves as a reminder of the importance of this work and that more must still be done to strengthen road transport systems to prevent the needless loss of life. Finally, the WHO wishes to thank Bloomberg Philanthropies for its generous financial support for the development and publication of this report. vii GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 FOREWORD Is there anyone we can call for you? There is a phone call or a knock on the door that we all dread, in which we are told that a loved one has been killed or seriously injured in a road traffic crash. We shiver as emergency vehicles speed past us on the road to attend a crash. Our hearts miss a beat as we hear about a “road accident” on the news. But road traffic crashes are not “accidents”. They are completely preventable. This report shows that the problem is getting worse. Deaths from road traffic crashes have increased to 1.35 million a year. That’s nearly 3 700 people dying on the world’s roads every day. Tens of millions more are injured or disabled every year, people who suffer life-altering injuries with long- lasting effects. These losses take a huge toll on families and communities. The cost of emergency response, health care and human grief is immense. There are many reasons for this trend: rapid urbanization, poor safety standards, lack of enforcement, people driving distracted or fatigued, others under the influence of drugs or alcohol, speeding and a failure to wear seat-belts or helmets. One of the most heart-breaking statistics in this report is that road traffic injury is the leading cause of death for people aged between 5 and 29 years. No child should die or be seriously injured while they walk, cycle or play. We must return our streets to our children. They have a right to feel safe on them. In the Sustainable Development Goals, world leaders have committed to halve the number of deaths from road crashes by 2020. This report shows that three years on, far too little progress has been made towards this goal. There is an urgent need to scale up evidence-based interventions and investment. Development is an opportunity for low- and middle-income countries to avoid the costly mistakes made in the past by high-income countries. We need to create cities and transport systems that reduce reliance on cars. We must apply the lessons we have learned about safe road design. With the right leadership and investment, countries can build in the safeguards and best practices to save lives. viii WHO is committed to working with countries to reduce the needless death and disability caused by road trCHficcrCshes 9*OŨs)ePerCN2rQIrCOOeQH9QrMŤŤQurfiXe[eCrstrCteIicpNCPŤiPcNudesrQCdsCHet[IQCNs that are underpinned by 12 voluntary performance targets agreed upon by world leaders last year. These are designed to provide guidance to WHO Member States on key interventions. +tisQPethiPIQHcQursetQsetIQCNsCPdtCrIets+tŨsCPQthertQCchieXetheO Experience shows that sustainable road safety must be planned and requires long-term investment and CpprQpriCteOCPCIeOePtcCpCcit[HQreHHectiXedeNiXer[+PterPCtiQPCNQrICPi\CtiQPsdQPQrsCPdthepuDNic and private sectors need to work together to make things happen. This report highlights the increasing number of countries and cities that are making progress with effective and affordable interventions. My hope is that this report will save lives, prevent injuries and mean fewer emergency responders knock on doors with messages they should never have to deliver. Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus &irectQr)ePerCN9QrNd*eCNthOrICPi\CtiQP ix GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 FOREWORD Road safety is an issue that does not receive anywhere near the attention it deserves – and it really is one of our great opportunities to save lives around the world. The numbers are staggering. Road traffic crashes now represent the eighth leading cause of death globally. They claim more than 1.35 million lives each year and cause up to 50 million injuries. And, the fact is, every one of those deaths and injuries is preventable. We know which interventions work. Strong policies and enforcement, smart road design, and powerful public awareness campaigns can save millions of lives over the coming decades. To spread those interventions to more countries, it is critically important for partners to target our resources effectively and hold each other accountable for our results. The data show that low- and middle-income countries bear the greatest burden of road traffic fatalities and injuries. So, over the past decade, Bloomberg Philanthropies has worked closely with the World Health Organization, government agencies, and road safety organizations and invested US$ 259 million to help implement evidence-based solutions. Together we have promoted the use of helmets and seat-belts, combatted speeding and drunk driving, redesigned city streets to make them safer, and advocated for safer vehicles. Overall, we have made important policy progress since WHO issued its last road safety report in 2015. Twenty-two countries have amended their road safety laws, bringing them in line with best practices. These laws cover more than one billion people, or 14% of the world’s population. At the same time, we have also focused our intervention efforts on cities. The opportunity for cities is enormous, because they are home to more than half the world’s population. And, once cities demonstrate something works, national governments tend to be more willing to scale up a proven solution. To cite just a few leading cities: Accra is using data to improve pedestrian safety, and Ho Chi Minh City is taking cost-effective steps to make more than 150 high-risk intersections safer. Cities in countries such as Brazil and India have reduced traffic crashes, and through media campaigns and stronger enforcement, more cities have cut drunk driving. These are encouraging trends, and public support for road safety policies is only growing. However, there is still much more work to be done, and Bloomberg Philanthropies will continue to raise awareness of road safety and the need for more action by governments. x4educiPIrQCdtrCHficdeCthsCPdiPLuriesisQPeQHthe7Pited0CtiQPs5ustCiPCDNe&eXeNQpOePt)QCNsŤ and, given everything we know about the problem and its solutions, that goal is achievable if governments priQriti\erQCdsCHet[9*OisheNpiPItQdriXetheprQIressYeCreOCMiPICPdCNNQHusCt$NQQODerI Philanthropies thank Dr Tedros, WHO Director-General, his colleagues, and our allies around the world for their continued partnership. We invite you to learn more about the status of road safety in this important report. Michael R. Bloomberg Founder, Bloomberg L.P. & Bloomberg Philanthropies WHO Global Ambassador for Noncommunicable Diseases and Injuries xi GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The number of road traffic deaths continues to climb, reaching 1.35 million in 2016. However, the rates of death relative to the size of the world’s population has stabilized in recent years. The data presented in this report show that progress has been achieved in important areas such as legislation, vehicle standards and improving access to post-crash care. This progress has not, however, occurred at a pace fast enough to compensate for the rising population and rapid motorization of transport taking place in many parts of the world. At this rate, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) target 3.6 to halve road traffic deaths by 2020 will not be met. Road traffic injury is now the leading cause of death for children and young adults aged 5–29 years, signalling a need for a shift in the current child health agenda, which has largely neglected road safety. It is the eighth leading cause of death for all age groups surpassing HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and diarrhoeal diseases. The burden of road traffic injuries and deaths is disproportionately borne by vulnerable road users and those living in low- and middle-income countries, where the growing number of deaths is fuelled by transport that is increasingly motorized. Between 2013 and 2016, no reductions in the number of road traffic deaths were observed in any low-income country, while some reductions were observed in 48 middle- and high-income countries. Overall, the number of deaths increased in 104 countries during this period. Strengthening legislation to mitigate key risk factors is recognized by the majority of governments as an important strategy to improve road safety, as evidenced by the 149 countries that have designated lead agencies with responsibilities that include enacting and assessing traffic laws. While too many countries still lack legislation that appropriately addresses risks such as speeding, drink-driving, the use of helmets, seat-belts and child restraints, since 2014 progress has been made in a number of these areas. Overall 22 additional countries have amended their laws on one or more risk factors to bring them in line with best practice. This translates to an additional one billion people who are now covered by effective road traffic laws. Of the 175 countries participating in this report, 123 have road traffic laws that meet best practice for one or more key risk factors. During this review period, ten additional countries (45 in total) have aligned with best practice on drink-driving legislation, five additional countries (49 in total) on motorcycle helmet use, four additional countries (33 in total) have aligned with best practice on the use of child restraint systems, and three additional countries (105 in total) on the use of seat-belts. Less progress has been made on adopting best practice on speed limits, despite the importance of speed as a major cause of death and serious injury. xii The enforcement of laws and adoption of safety standards — such as the availability of seat-belts and fitOePtsHQrcCrQccupCPtsiPDQthHrQPtCPdreCrseCtsreOCiPchCNNePIiPIiPOCP[pCrtsQHtheYQrNd &espitetheDePefitsQHXehicNesCHet[OeCsuresQPN[cQuPtrieshCXeiOpNeOePtedseXePQreiIhtQHthe priQrit[70XehicNesCHet[stCPdCrds6hereCrehQYeXersiIPsQHprQIress(QreZCOpNe+PdiCtheYQrNdŨs HQurthNCrIestcCrOCPuHCcturer isprQduciPIitsfirstHQurstCr QutQHCpQssiDNefiXestCrs XehicNeCPd phasing out production of a popular model, which consistently failed safety crash tests. Some progress is also evident in the planning, design and operation of roads and roadsides, and in the take-up of a range of tools, notably the International Road Assessment Program (iRAP), which is a star rating tool for road networks. One hundred and fourteen countries are currently carrying out systematic assessments or star ratings of existing roads. These assessments and the implementation of appropriate road standards are particularly important as the majority of travel by road users such as pedestrians, cyclists and motorcyclists, occur on roads that are inherently unsafe for them. There are also some signs of progress in improving access to post-crash care to reduce the consequences and severity of injury once a crash occurs. One hundred and nine countries now have access to a telephone number to contact emergency care and 97 countries have a formal process to train and certify prehospital care providers. More work is needed, however, to ensure access to quality emergency care. Approximately half of all countries have speciality training pathways in emergency medicine and trauma surgery while 78 reported having national or subnational trauma registries in place. #NthQuIhtheprQIresstQYCrdsreduciPIthePuODerQHrQCdtrCHficdeCthshCsPQtOetINQDCNeZpectCtiQPs there are nonetheless signs of improvement. Accelerating the rate of this progress and bringing to scale theDePefitsQHeHHectiXeNeIisNCtiQPsCHerXehicNessCHerrQCdsCPdiPcreCsiPICccesstQSuCNit[eOerIePc[ care is the main challenge moving forward. There is an urgent need for governments to scale up their road safety efforts in order to live up to their commitments made in the Sustainable Development Agenda 2030. The upcoming Third Global Ministerial Conference on Road Safety in Sweden in February 2020 will be a key opportunity to take a strategic view and set a road safety agenda for the next decade, including setting a new global target on fatalities. xiii GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 INTRODUCTION &eCthsCPdiPLuriesresuNtiPIHrQOrQCdtrCHficcrCshesreOCiPCseriQusprQDNeOINQDCNN[CPdcurrePttrePds suggest that this will continue to be the case in the foreseeable future (1,2). Accelerating progress can, however, be achieved through an integrated approach that includes putting in place and enforcing effective measures such as safety standards for roads and vehicles, legislation to mitigate high-risk behaviours such CsspeediPICsYeNNCsePsuriPItiOeN[CccesstQprQHessiQPCNeOerIePc[cCre -e[tQthisCpprQCchis theCXCiNCDiNit[QHreNiCDNeCPdcQOprehePsiXedCtCQPtheDurdePCPdrisMsQHrQCdtrCHficcrCshesiPLuries and deaths to target and monitor progress (4,5). Without knowledge of the magnitude of the problem and the risks of death and injury, the ability to implement cQPteZtspecificCPdCpprQpriCteiPterXePtiQPsisseXereN[NiOited/QreQXerCshiIhNiIhtediPpreXiQusCPd currePteditiQPsQHthisrepQrttheuPderrepQrtiPIQHrQCdtrCHficdeCthsisperXCsiXeiPOCP[pCrtsQHthe world and results in a lower priority being given to road safety as compared to other public health challenges
'XePthQuIhthePuODerQHpeQpNed[iPICPPuCNN[CsCresuNtQHrQCdtrCHficiPLur[surpCssesthQsed[iPI HrQO*+8/#+&5tuDercuNQsisCPddiCrrhQeCNdiseCsesthepQNiticCNcQOOitOePtCPdfiPCPciCNiPXestOePts in road safety is only a small fraction of that made to combat these diseases (7). This report is intended to stimulate country actions to improve road safety in countries through the idePtificCtiQPQHMe[ICpsCPdQppQrtuPities#sYeCpprQCchtheePdQHthe&ecCdeQH#ctiQPHQr4QCd 5CHet[ŤCPdthedeCdNiPeHQr5&)tCrIet it is iPtePdedtQserXeCsCPCdXQcCc[tQQNtQ generate further political action, as well as a resource to guide implementation by relevant government CctQrsiPcNudiPIOiPistriesQHheCNthtrCPspQrtfiPCPceeducCtiQPCPdiPteriQrCsYeNNCsNQcCNCuthQrities iPprQXiPcesCPdcities 6hespecificQDLectiXesQHthisrepQrtCretQ ´ dQcuOePttheCPPuCNPuODerQHdeCthsresuNtiPIHrQOrQCdtrCHficiPLur[iPQrdertQestCDNishCPCssessOePt of progress towards the UN goals for road safety and the Decade of Action; ´ review institutional management practices as well as target setting; ´ present an analysis of national legislation on key road safety risk factors using best practice criteria; ´ suOOCri\ethecurrePtstCteQHXehicNestCPdCrdsCPdreIuNCtiQPsCsYeNNCsrQCdiPHrCstructureCPd ´ examine current progress and challenges in improving post-crash care. xiv What’s new? The criteria used to determine best practices for legislation have been updated along with the classifications of countries as those with laws that conform to best practice, those with laws that do not conform to best practice, those without laws, and those in which the laws are not applicable. In some instances, new criteria have been introduced based on the latest evidence, to capture the nuanced aspects of road safety legislation in different countries more effectively. Using the updated criteria, legislation from 2014 (used for the 2015 report) was retrospectively analysed and compared with the analysis of 2017 (used for this report) legislation. Changes (both upgrades and downgrades) have been documented and are presented in the findings of this report. In addition to grouping those countries with laws that conform to best practice, this report also shows which countries have made improvements, which have stayed the same, and which (in a few instances) have made changes that have moved their laws out of alignment with current best practice. Methods This series of global status reports on road safety has been developed through an iterative and consultative process with participating Member States. In the first phase, requests for data were sent out through a survey administered in 2017 by the WHO Headquarters to Regional and National Data Coordinators (R/NDC) appointed in each region or country. The self-administered survey contained questions relating to the status of the five pillars of the Decade of Action. With coordination by the NDCs, experts from different sectors within each country discussed and came to an agreement on the responses to the survey questions using information available. Based on the reported number of road traffic deaths and the source of data, adjustments were made to account for the potential under-reporting due to differences in definitions as well as limitations in the Civil Registration and Vital Statistics (CRVS) in many countries. This process resulted in an estimated number of fatalities, which is presented along with the reported figure. Following this, a final consultation was carried out to allow Member States to respond to any changes that resulted from the verification and validation process. This consultation also provided Member States an opportunity to comment on the WHO estimates for road traffic fatalities, which is often much higher than the official statistics. xv GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Data sources Three primary sources of data were used in the development of this report: 1) data collected from the self-administered surveys for which responses were received from 175 Member States; 2) data collected through publicly accessible databases, including the UN Economic Commission for Europe database on road traffic conventions, government websites, as well as specialised entities such as the Global New Car Assessment Programme and road inspection data collected by the International Road Assessment Programme to measure the level of safety for different road users; and 3) Global Health Estimates generated by the WHO Department for Information, Evidence and Research. For this report, 2018 data were used for the review of vehicle standards; 2017 data were used for the review of legislation, road standards and post-crash care; fatality estimates were based on data from 2016.
SECTION 1 CURRENT STATE OF GLOBAL ROAD SAFETY CHAPTER 1 THE GLOBAL BURDEN OF ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS • 6hePuODerQHrQCdtrCHficdeCthsQPtheYQrNdŨs roads remains unacceptably high. • 4QCdtrCHficiPLuriesCretheNeCdiPIMiNNerQHchiNdreP and young adults. • /QrethCPhCNHQHINQDCNrQCdtrCHficdeCthsCre amongst pedestrians, cyclists and motorcyclists who CrestiNNtQQQHtePPeINectediPrQCdtrCHfics[steO design in many countries. • There is progress being made, however, it is far from uniform across countries. • SDG 3.6 target to halve road deaths and injuries by 2020 will not be met without drastic action. 1.35 million deaths each year 8th leading cause of death for people of all ages 3 times higher death rates in low-income countries than in high-income countries #1 cause of death for children and young aGults ˳ \ears oI aJe Key messages 45RaG WraIfic injuries are the 8th leading cause of death for people of all ages. 6hePuODerQHrQCdtrCHficdeCthscQPtiPuestQcNiODreCchiPIC high of 1.35 million in 2016. However, the rate of death relative to thesi\eQHtheYQrNdŨspQpuNCtiQPhCsstCDiNi\edCPddecNiPedreNCtiXe to the number of motor vehicles in recent years (10). As shown in (iIureǡdespitetheiPcreCseiPCDsQNutePuODerstherCteQHrQCd trCHficdeCthshCsreOCiPedHCirN[cQPstCPtCtCrQuPddeCthsper 100,000 population over the last 15 years. While this does suggest that the problem is not worsening, the world is far from achieving SDG target 3.6, which calls for a reduction in the number of deaths D[ChCNHD[ +PsuHficiePtprQIressisDeiPIOCde Figure 1: Number and rate of road traffic death per 100,000 population: 2000–2016 0 5 10 15 20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 20 00 20 01 20 02 20 03 20 04 20 05 20 06 20 07 20 08 20 09 20 10 20 11 20 12 20 13 20 14 20 15 20 16 R ate of death/100,000 population Number of deaths Rate of death Year 1.15 18.8 1.35 18.2 N um be r of d ea th s (m ill io ns ) During the same period the number of vehicles worldwide has steadily increased, while death rates declined from 135 deaths for every 100,000 vehicles in 2000 to approximately 64 deaths for every 100,000 vehicles in 2016 (Figure 2). This represents a reduction of more than 50% in the last 15 years suggesting some progress in OitiICtiPItheCdXerseeHHectsQHiPcreCsiPIOQtQri\edtrCPspQrt Although progress has been made, these data show that it has not occurred at a pace fast enough to compensate for rapid population IrQYthCPdiPcreCsiPIOQtQri\CtiQPYQrNdYide 20 15 10 5 Chapter 1 5 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 The number of deaths on the world’s roads remains unacceptably high with 1.35 million people dying each year. Figure 2: Number of motor vehicles and rate of road traffic death per 100,000 vehicles: 2000–2016 N um be r of v eh ic le s (b ill io ns ) R ate of death/100,000 vehicles 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 20 00 20 01 20 02 20 03 20 04 20 05 20 06 20 07 20 08 20 09 20 10 20 11 20 12 20 13 20 14 20 15 20 16 Number of vehicles Rate of death Year 135 64 0.85 2.1 A leading killer of children 4QCdtrCHficiPLur[istheth leading cause of death for all age groups, up from the 9th leading cause of death (10). It is also now the leading cCuseQHdeCthHQrchiNdrePCPd[QuPICduNtsCIedŤ[eCrs signalling a need for a shift in the current child health agenda, which has largely neglected the road safety (11). As progress is made in the prevention and control of infectious diseases, the relative contribution of deaths from noncommunicable diseases and injuries increases
/QrepeQpNePQYdieCsCresuNtQHrQCdtrCHficiPLuriesthCP from HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and diarrhoeal diseases (10). +PCdditiQPtQtheiPLuriesCPddisCDiNitiesresuNtiPIHrQOrQCdtrCHfic crashes, the safety of roads (or lack thereof) also impacts other public health issues as it contributes to inactivity. People are less likely to walk, cycle, or use public transportation when conditions are unsafe and this has a bearing on other leading causes of death shown in Table 1 (12). These include ischaemic heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and diabetes, while iPcreCsiPIOQtQri\CtiQPhCsCNsQDeePNiPMedYithrespirCtQr[iNNPesses 5iOuNtCPeQusN[preXePtiPIrQCdtrCHficdeCthsCPdePcQurCIiPICctiXe travel in safe environments will contribute to reducing the overall burden of preventable deaths. 65RaG WraIfic injuries are now the leading cause of death for children and young adults aged 5–29 years. Table 1: Leading causes of death, all ages, 2016 Rank Cause % of total deaths All Causes 1 Ischaemic heart disease 16.6 2 Stroke 10.2 3 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 5.4 4 Lower respiratory infections 5.2 5 #N\heiOerŨsdiseCseCPdQtherdeOePtiCs 3.5 6 Trachea, bronchus, lung cancers 3.0 7 Diabetes mellitus 2.8 8 4QCdtrCHficiPLuries 2.5 9 Diarrhoeal diseases 2.4 10 Tuberculosis 2.3 2016 WHO Global Health Estimates Progress is not uniform across regions and income levels 2rQIressiPreduciPIrQCdtrCHficdeCthsQXertheNCstHeY[eCrsXCries siIPificCPtN[DetYeePthediHHerePtreIiQPsCPdcQuPtriesQHtheYQrNd There continues to be a strong association between the risk of a rQCdtrCHficdeCthCPdtheiPcQOeNeXeNQHcQuPtries9ithCPCXerCIe rate of 27.5 deaths per 100,000 population, the risk is more than 3 times higher in low-income countries than in high-income countries where the average rate is 8.3 deaths 100,000 population. As shown iP(iIuretheDurdePQHrQCdtrCHficdeCthsisdisprQpQrtiQPCteN[ hiIhCOQPINQYCPdOiddNeiPcQOecQuPtriesiPreNCtiQPtQthesi\e of their populations and the number of motor vehicles in circulation. #NthQuIhQPN[QHtheYQrNdŨsOQtQrXehicNesCreiPNQYiPcQOe countries, 13% of deaths occur in these countries. Chapter 1 7 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 There has been no reduction in the number of road WraIfic GeaWKs in any low-income country since 2013. Figure 3: Proportion of population, road traffic deaths, and registered motor vehicles by country income category*, 2016 9% 76% 15% POPULATION 13% 80% 7% ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS 1% 59% 40% VEHICLES high-income middle-income low-income iPcQOeNeXeNsCreDCsedQP9QrNd$CPMcNCssificCtiQPs There has also been more progress in reducing the number of rQCdtrCHficdeCthsCOQPIOiddNeCPdhiIhiPcQOecQuPtriesthCP low-income countries. As shown in Figure 4, between 2013 and 2016, PQreductiQPsiPthePuODerQHrQCdtrCHficdeCthsYereQDserXediP any low-income country, while some reductions were observed in ǡOiddNeCPdhiIhiPcQOecQuPtriesOXerCNNthePuODerQHdeCths increased in 104 countries during this period. Figure 4: Number of countries where a change in the number of road traffic deaths has been observed since 2013* 17 60 27 7 15 1 25 23 0 HIGH-INCOME MIDDLE-INCOME LOW-INCOME Increased No Change Decreased *These data represent countries that have seen more than a 2% change in their number of deaths since 2013, and excludes countries with populations under 200 000. The income levels are based on 2017 9QrNd$CPMcNCssificCtiQPs 8The rates of road WraIfic GeaWK are highest in Africa (26.6/100,000 people) and South-East Asia (20.7/100,000 people). Inequalities across regions Countries in Africa and South-East Asia have regional rates of road trCHficdeCthshiIherthCPtheINQDCNrCteYithCPddeCths per 100,000 population respectively. This is followed by countries in the'CsterP/editerrCPeCPCPd9esterP2CcificYhichhCXereIiQPCN rates comparable with the global rate with 18 and 16.9 deaths per 100,000 population respectively. Countries in the Americas and Europe have the lowest regional rates of 15.6 and 9.3 deaths per 100,000 people respectively. In terms of progress made, in three QHthesiZreIiQPs #OericCs'urQpe9esterP2Ccific therCtesQH death have decreased since 2013. Figure 5: Rates of road traffic death per 100,000 population by WHO regions: 2013, 2016 2013 2016 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Africa Americas Eastern Mediterranean Europe South-East Asia Western 2Ccific World R at e of d ea th /1 00 ,0 00 p op ul at io n WHO Region 26.1 / 26.6 15.9 / 15.6 17.9 / 18 10.4 / 9.3 19.8 / 20.7 18 / 16.9 18.3 / 18.2 With the exception of the Eastern Mediterranean region, the rate of rQCdtrCHficdeCthsperpQpuNCtiQPIePerCNN[decreCsesCs income increases (13). In the Americas, for example, the rate of road trCHficdeCthsCOQPIhiIhiPcQOecQuPtriesisper Chapter 1 9 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 population, while it is 18.3 among low-income countries. In Africa there is an observable difference between middle-income countries, which have a rate of death of 23.6 per 100,000 population and low- income countries, where the rate is 29.3 per 100,000 population. At the other end of the continuum, in Europe, the rate of road traffic deaths in middle-income countries (14.4 deaths per 100,000 population) is nearly three times higher than in high-income countries, where there are 5.1 road traffic deaths per 100,000 population. 10 More than half RI aOO rRaG WraIfic deaths are among vulnerable road users: pedestrians, cyclists and motorcyclists. Vulnerable road users disproportionately impacted The variation in rates of deaths observed across regions and countries also corresponds with differences in the types of road users most affected. Globally, pedestrians and cyclists represent 26% QHCNNdeCthsYiththQseusiPIOQtQri\edtYQCPdthreeYheeNers comprising another 28%. Car occupants make up 29% of all deaths CPdthereOCiPiPICreuPidePtifiedrQCdusers1. Africa has the highest proportion of pedestrian and cyclist mortalities with 44% of deCths+P5Quth'Cst#siCCPdthe9esterP2CcifictheOCLQrit[QH deCthsCreCOQPIridersQHOQtQri\edtYQCPdthreeYheeNersYhQ represent 43% and 36% of all deaths respectively. #NthQuIhpedestriCPsc[cNistsCPdridersQHOQtQri\edtYQCPdthree wheelers-are more vulnerable as a result of being less protected than car occupants, the heavy burden of deaths borne by these road users isCNsQCreHNectiQPQHiPHrCstructureCPdXehicNedesiIPthCtpriQriti\es cCrsCPdQtherOQtQri\edtrCPspQrt &espitetheprQOiPePceQH vulnerable road users in many parts of the world, many of whom cannot afford or do not have access to the safest vehicles, they are still largely ignored in the planning, design and operation of roads. In many countries, roads still lack separate lanes for cyclists or adequate crossings for pedestrians and allow motor vehicle speeds that are too high (15). Similarly, while vehicle standards have been developed for car occupants, many are not widely implemented in vehicles sold in low- and middle-income countries. Only recently have more car manufacturers begun to implement standards in high-income countries to ensure that design also protects road users outside of the vehicle (16). The heavy burden of deaths borne by these groups constitutes an issue of equity, CsiPcQOeCPdsQciCNstCtusDecQOesQciCNdeterOiPCPtsQHrQCdtrCHfic deaths and injury (17). 1 The distribution of deaths among road user categories is based on data reported by countries. In some countries, these data are not available or are incomplete, which contributes to the large percePtCIeQHthQseidePtifiedCsŧQthersŨQrŧuPspecifiedŨ Chapter 1 11 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Figure 6: Distribution of deaths by road user type by WHO Region 7% 40% 4% 9% 40% 34% 23%3% 18% 22% 22% 22% 14% 36%6% 43% 25% 16% 14% 2% 48% 11%5% 9% 27% 15%2% 34% 39% 10% Eastern Mediterranean South-East Asia Africa Europe Americas Driver / passengers of 4 wheeled vehicles Motorized 2-3 wheelers Cyclists Pedestrians WORLD 29% 28%3% 23% 17% 12 Box 1: Integrating road safety and urban mobility strategies in Bogotá, Colombia $QIQtȄreducedthePuODerQHtrCHficdeCthsD[DetYeePCPdD[iOpNeOePtiPI an integrated approach to road safety and urban mobility: • 5trQPIOC[QrCNNeCdershipYCspresePtYhichCNNQYediPteIrCtediPstitutiQPCNfiPCPciCNCPd reIuNCtQr[reHQrOscQODiPedYithOessCIesthCtresQPCtedYithciti\ePs • 0eYiPXestOePtYCsuPdertCMePiPcit[ iPHrCstructureQHCrQuPd75ǡDiNNiQPDetYeeP CPdiPQXerMOQH$us4Cpid6rCPspQrt $46 PeCrN[ǡMOQHDiMeYC[sCPd ǡO2 of improved pedestrian infrastructure. The investment was enabled by institutional and tax reform and a sustainable mobility-oriented response to public demand for improved commuting options. • Road safety improvements included safer public transport, improved sidewalks and cycle lanes, regulations and their enforcement of seat-belt wearing and drink-driving penalties, reform of the police system, public transport improvement reducing the rate of mode shift to private cars and motorcycles and avoiding exposure to risk. • In December 2017, Bogotá adopted a new Vision Zero plan, based on the safe system approach, comprising further coordinated, integrated action to proactively reduce deaths and serious injury numbers yet further. Sources: https //YYYQdiQrI/sites/QdiQrIuM/fiNes/resQurcedQcuOePts/pdH http://www.despacio.org/portfolio/bogota-bicycle-account-2014/https://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/40717%28148%292: 13 Box 2: Improving the safety of school zones in the Republic of Korea 6he4epuDNicQH-QreChCseZperiePcedtherdNCrIestdecNiPeiPthetrCHficHCtCNit[rCtesCOQPI OECD countries since 1972. A historical focus on transport infrastructure investment and economic development resulted in less emphasis on road safety, particularly on the safety of pedestrians suffering death and injury at the expense of wider, faster roads. To address this problem and with the aim of lowering itshiIhrQCddeCthrCtethe-QreCPIQXerPOePtcCrriedQutCPCPCN[sisQHrQCdtrCHficiPLur[ records and the highest risk locations in the network. A new national strategy was adopted to improve road safety through investments in school \QPeprQIrCOOesiOprQXiPIthereIuNCtiQPQHschQQNDuses iPcreCsiPIfiPesHQrXiQNCtiQPs YithiPschQQN\QPescNCOpiPIdQYPQPuPreIuNCtedschQQNtrCPspQrtsuppQrtiPIciXiNsQciet[ QrICPi\CtiQPsiPrQCdsCHet[CdXQcCc[CPdcQPtiPuQusN[COePdiPICPdiOprQXiPIrQCdsCHet[ NeIisNCtiQP6heseeHHQrtsCrerepQrtedtQhCXecQPtriDutedtQCreductiQPiPrQCdtrCHfic deaths among children under 14 years of age between 1998 and 2012. 5Qurce 5uN,.ee,-CPI&5.ee9;5hiO,+/[eQPI/etCN-QreCŨs4eductiQPiP%hiNd6rCHfic(CtCNities 2QNiciesCPd#chieXeOePts =+PterPet?)Q[CPIsi4epuDNicQH-QreC =cited0QX?#XCiNCDNeHrQO https //YYYMdeXeNQpediCQrI/dQYPNQCddQ!tiOe(iNe /OPt/ idCs/Csset////&O%/2&(/pdHQriIiP(iNe0COe -52pdH CHAPTER 2 INSTITUTIONAL MANAGEMENT 132 countries have national strategies for road safety that are funded 109 countries have national targets for the reduction of road traffic deaths • Achieving global and national road safety goals and targets requires appropriate management capacity. • Such capacity should be demonstrated through effective institutional leadership within responsible agencies, multi-sectoral coordination arrangements, sustainable funding and data systems to measure, target and monitor progress. • The inclusion of two SDG targets focused on road safety represents a major milestone for global road safety, confirming it is an essential element of the health and development agenda. • 12 recently agreed upon global road safety performance targets will help countries to improve their road safety management and assess progress. Key messages 16 Institutional management provides the foundation for improving road safety (18). The establishment of an appropriately resourced lead agency and coordination arrangements to guide the national road safety effort; the assessment of the state of play and capacity; the setting of goals and targets in road safety strategies; plans and prQLects theprQXisiQPQHfiPCPciCNCPdhuOCPresQurcestQCddressthe problem and the monitoring and evaluation of activity are all essential to implementing effective, system-wide interventions (4,18,19). Among the 175 participating countries, 140 indicated that they have a national strategy for road safety of which 132 reported having strategies that are funded. In addition to having national strategies for road safety, 109 countries reported having a national target for thereductiQPQHrQCdtrCHficdeCths Similarly, while most countries (161) reported that they have established lead agency arrangements, only 129 reported that these are funded. While many countries reported having funded lead agencies and strategies, the extent of funding was not assessed. Among those with lead agencies, 159 had lead agencies that assumed responsibility for coordination, 144 had lead agencies that assumed responsibility for monitoring the status of road safety, and 149 had lead agencies that also had responsibility for enacting and revising legislation. Voluntary global road safety performance targets Against this background and in addition to the continuing provision of international guidance on a range of issues, several notable global developments have taken place since the last report was published, designed to assist countries in focusing their road safety management initiatives. 109 countries have national targets for the reduction of road WraIfic GeaWKs Chapter 2 17 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 18 149 countries have lead agencies that also assume responsibility for road safety OeJisOaWiRn In a call to action at the global level in September 2015, the United Nations General Assembly adopted a series of SDGs as part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The SDGs include specifictCrIetsreNCtedtQrQCdsCHet[shQYPiP$QZCPdtheirsettiPI represePtsCOCLQrOiNestQPeHQrINQDCNrQCdsCHet[cQPfirOiPIrQCd safety as an essential element of the health and development agenda. In November 2017, Member States, with the support of WHO, the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, UNICEF, World Bank and other agencies, reached consensus on a set of 12 Voluntary Global Performance Targets for Road Safety Risk Factors and Service Delivery Mechanisms (Box 4). These voluntary targets provide a framework to guide and monitor the implementation of legislation, the establishment of standards and other interventions to prevent crashes, injuries, and deaths that are highlighted in this report. Box 3: Sustainable Development Goals for Road Safety (September 2015) By 2020, to halve the number of global deaths and injuries from road trCHficcrCshes By 2030, to provide access to safe, affordable, accessible and sustainable transport systems for all, improving road safety, notably by expanding public transport, with special attention to the needs of those in vulnerable situations, women, children, persons with disabilities, and older persons. Chapter 2 19 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 for the past 3 YEARS 6hepNCteCuiPrQCdtrCHficdeCths setCICiPstCiPcreCseiPINQDCN pQpuNCtiQPCPdiPcreCseiP OQtQri\CtiQPsuIIeststhCtrQCd sCHet[eHHQrtsQXerthepCst[eCrs hCXesCXedNiXes aga n a 4% n a n global o la on an 16% n a n mo o za on, gg a oa af y ffo ov a 3 y a av av l v . Box 4: Global Voluntary Performance Targets for Road Safety Risk Factors and Service Delivery Mechanisms, 2017GLOBAL ROAD SAFETY PERFORMANCE TARGETS 2020 1 Target 1: By 2020, all countries establish a comprehensive multisectoral national road safety action plan with time-bound targets. Target 2: By 2030, all countries accede to one or more of the core road safety-related UN legal instruments. 2030 2 Target 3: By 2030, all new roads achieve technical standards for all road users that take into account road safety, or meet a three star rating or better. 2030 3 Target 4: By 2030, more than 75% of travel on existing roads is on roads that meet technical standards for all road users that take into account road safety. 2030 4 Target 5: By 2030, 100% of new (defined as produced, sold or imported) and used vehicles meet high quality safety standards, such as the recommended priority UN Regulations, Global Technical Regulations, or equivalent recognized national performance requirements. 2030 5 Target 6: By 2030, halve the proportion of vehicles travelling over the posted speed limit and achieve a reduction in speed- related injuries and fatalities. 2030 6 Target 7: By 2030, increase the proportion of motorcycle riders correctly using standard helmets to close to 100%. 2030 7 Target 8: By 2030, increase the proportion of motor vehicle occupants using safety belts or standard child restraint systems to cl se to 100%. 2030 8 Target 9: By 2030, halve the number of road traffic injuries and fatalities related to drivers using alcohol, and/or achieve a reduction in those related to other psychoactive substances. 2030 9 Target 10: By 2030, all countries have national laws to restrict or prohibit the use of mobile phones while driving. 2030 10 Target 11: By 2030, all countries to enact regulation for driving time and rest periods for professional drivers, and/or accede to international/regional regulation in this area. 2030 11 Target 12: By 2030, all countries establish and achieve national targets in order to minimize the time interval between road traffic crash and the provision of first professional emergency care. 2030 12 Following the request of the United Nations General Assembly, on November 22, 2017 Member States reached consensus on 12 global road safety performance targets. For more information: http://www.who.int/violence_ injury_prevention/road_tra c/road-safety-targets/en/ PILLAR 1: Road safety management PILLAR 2: Safer roads and mobility PILLAR 3: Safe vehicles PILLAR 4: Safe road users PILLAR 5: Post-crash response 20 Source: Swedish Transport Administration (2015) Analysis of Road Safety Trends 2014 — Management by Objectives for Road Safety Work, Towards the 2020 Interim Targets, Borlange. Box 5: Managing by objectives in Sweden Sweden is a global leader in road safety performance with 2.8 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants. $etYeen 1 and 1, the number of road traffic deaths decreased by 66%. 'Zperience in Sweden illustrates how better results can be achieved through long-term, perennial planning of systematic, evidence-based approaches to intervention, supported by a strong institutional delivery including leadership, sustained investment and a focus on achieving ambitious road safety goals and targets across government, business and civil society. In October 1997 the Swedish Parliament adopted Vision Zero - a new long-term goal and a new strategic framework for road safety, which many countries are now adopting. The goal, supported by interim targets and objectives, follows the public health approach of preventing deaths and serious inLury in road traffic crashes. The strategy is to create shared responsibility for the better management of all parts of the road traffic system in order to address MnoYn common errors and human vulnerabilities and thus avoid severe crash outcomes. As with the 12 voluntary global targets set in 2017, the aim is to provide focal points for meaningful, shared, multisectoral activity at national, regional and local levels. The Swedish objectives target progress to 2020 and include safe road infrastructure at national and municipal levels, a higher proportion of undivided roads with an 80 km/h speed limit and median barriers, more municipal roads with footpaths and cycle paths, better compliance with speed limits, sober driving, seat-belt use, helmet use, higher car safety ratings and a higher share of motorcycles equipped with anti-lock braking systems. Chapter 2 21 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 for the past 3 YEARS 6hepNCteCuiPrQCdtrCHficdeCths set against a 4% increase in global population and 16% increase in motorization, suggests that road safety efforts over the past 3 years have saved lives. CHAPTER 3 LEGISLATION AND ROAD USER BEHAVIOUR 123 countries have laws that meet best practice for at least one oI the ̧Ye Ne\ behaYioural risN Iactors 22 countries made improvements to bring their laws into alignment with best practice on one or more risN Iactors 45 countries haYe GrinN̝ driving laws that align with best practice 46 countries have speed laws that align with best practice 49 countries have helmet laws that align with best practice 105 countries have seat-belt laws that align with best practice 33 countries have child restraint laws that align with best practice • Enacting and enforcing legislation on key risk factors are critical components of an integrated strategy to prevent rQCdtrCHficdeCthsCPdiPLuries • #sOeCsuredCICiPstDestprCcticecriteriCcQuPtries represePtiPIDiNNiQPpeQpNehCXeNCYsthCtOeetDest prCctice HQrCt NeCstQPeQH thefiXeMe[DehCXiQurCN risMHCctQrs • &espitetheprQIressOCdeiPiOprQXiPINeIisNCtiQPCcrQss thefiXeMe[risMHCctQrsePHQrceOePtreOCiPsCOCLQr chCNNePIeiPOQstcQuPtries Key messages 22 countries representing 1 billion people amended their laws on one or more risk factors to bring them into alignment with best practice. 'PCctiPICPdePHQrciPINeIisNCtiQPQPMe[risMHCctQrsiPcNudiPIspeed driPMdriXiPIOQtQrc[cNeheNOetuseuseQHseCtDeNtsCPdchiNd restrCiPts[steOsCrecriticCNcQOpQPePtsQHCPiPteIrCtedstrCteI[ tQpreXePtrQCdtrCHficdeCthsiPcQuPtries Ť .eIisNCtiQP tQIetherYithstCPdCrdsCPdcQOpNiCPcereIiOesHQrtheNicePsiPI CPddisSuCNificCtiQPQHdriXersCPdridersPeedstQDeCNiIPedYith ePHQrceOePtOediCcCOpCiIPsCPd iPsQOecCses iPXehicNe OeCsuressuchCstheCXCiNCDiNit[QHseCtDeNtsCPdfitOePtstQDe effective 2QNiceePHQrceOePtiPitiCtiXesPeedtQDesYiHtHreSuePt CPdsustCiPedQXerCNQPIperiQdQHtiOetQiPcreCsetheperceiXed risMQHDeiPIcCuIhtCPdpuPishedDutCNsQrCPdQOCPdYidespreCd tQiPcreCsethechCPceQHdetectiQP)iXePtheOuNtisectQrCNPCture QHrQCdsCHet[NCYsCPdePHQrceOePtstCPdCrdsCresetD[seXerCN IQXerPOePtCIePciesiPcNudiPIpuDNicheCNthtrCPspQrt iPterPCN CHHCirssciePceCPdtechPQNQI[CPdQccupCtiQPCNheCNthCPdsCHet[ CPdthesereSuireCcQQrdiPCtedeHHQrtCcrQsssectQrs .eIisNCtiQPQPMe[risMHCctQrsHrQOpCrticipCtiPIcQuPtrieshCsDeeP reXieYedCICiPstDestprCcticecriteriCiPQrdertQidePtiH[ICpsCPd QppQrtuPitiesHQriOprQXeOePt%urrePtN[cQuPtriesrepresePtiPI PeCrN[DiNNiQPpeQpNehCXeNCYsthCtOeetDestprCcticeHQrCtNeCst QPeQHthefiXeMe[DehCXiQurCNrisMHCctQrs#sshQYPiP6CDNe cQuPtrieshCXeNCYsOeetiPIDestprCcticeHQrQPerisMHCctQr hCXeNCYsOeetiPIDestprCcticeHQrtYQrisMHCctQrs hCXe NCYsOeetiPIDestprCcticeQPthreerisMHCctQrs hCXeNCYs OeetiPIprCcticeQPHQurrisMHCctQrs CPdQPN[fiXecQuPtrieshCXe NCYsthCtOeetDestprCcticeHQrCNNfiXeMe[risMHCctQrs speediPI driPMdriXiPIuseQHOQtQrc[cNeheNOetsuseQHseCtDeNtsCPduse QHchiNdrestrCiPts Chapter 3 ).O$#.56#6754'2O46O04O#&5#('6;2018 One-third of countries rated their enforcement as «good» for any of the laws related to the 5 key risk factors. Table 2: Number of countries and populations covered by laws meeting best practice Number of risk factors covered by laws Number of Countries Total Population covered risMHCctQr risMHCctQrs risMHCctQrs risMHCctQrs risMHCctQrs 6QtCN speediPIdriPMdriXiPIuseQHOQtQrc[cNeheNOetsuseQHseCtDeNtsuseQHchiNdrestrCiPts 5iPcecQuPtrieshCXeCOePdedtheirNCYsQPQPeQrOQre Me[risMHCctQrstQDriPItheOiPNiPeYithDestprCcticecQXeriPIC pQtePtiCNCdditiQPCNQPeDiNNiQPpeQpNeQrQHtheYQrNdŨspQpuNCtiQP #sshQYPiP(iIuresQOeiOprQXeOePtYCsOCdeHQreCchQHthe fiXeDehCXiQurCNrisMHCctQrsYiththeNCrIestiOprQXeOePtHQuPdHQr driPMdriXiPINCYs tePcQuPtries HQNNQYedD[OQtQrc[cNeheNOet NCYs fiXecQuPtries chiNdrestrCiPts HQurcQuPtries CPdseCtDeNts
threecQuPtries #sCresuNtQHQPecQuPtr[CNiIPiPIYithDestprCctice CPdQPeOCMiPIchCPIesthCtDrQuIhtitQutQHCNiIPOePtYith DestprCcticethePuODerQHcQuPtriesYithNCYsCNiIPiPIYithDest prCcticeHQrspeedreOCiPedthesCOe&espitetheprQIressOCde iPiOprQXiPINeIisNCtiQPCcrQssthefiXeMe[risMHCctQrsePHQrceOePt reOCiPsCOCLQrchCNNePIeiPOQstcQuPtriesOPN[QPethirdQH cQuPtriesrCtedtheirePHQrceOePtCsūIQQdŬ eiIhtQrCDQXeQPC scCNeQH\erQtQtePCsrCtedD[respQPdePts HQrCP[QHtherisM HCctQrsiPdicCtiPIthCtOCP[QHthesecQuPtriesCrePQtreCpiPIthe HuNNDePefitQHtheirNeIisNCtiQP 26 Figure 7: Countries with laws meeting best practice on 5 risk factors, 2014, 2017 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Speed Drink-driving Seat-belt Helmet Child restraints Countries 2014 Additional countries in 2017 N um be r of c ou nt ri es 46 / 0 35 / 10 102 / 3 44 / 5 29 / 4 Figure 8: Populations covered by laws meeting best practice, 2014, 2017 N um be r of p eo pl e co ve re d (B ill io ns ) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Speed Drink-driving Seat-belt Helmet Child restraints Number of people 2014 Additional number of people in 2017 2.7 / 0.24 2.15 / 0.18 5.14 / 0.11 2.27 / 0.4 0.55 / 0.1 Chapter 3 ).O$#.56#6754'2O46O04O#&5#('6;2018 Managing speed 6hespeedCtYhichCXehicNetrCXeNsdirectN[iPHNuePcestherisMQH CcrCshCsYeNNCstheseXerit[QHiPLuriesCPdNiMeNihQQdQHdeCth resuNtiPIHrQOthCtcrCsh 'HHectiXespeedOCPCIeOePtisCssuch cePtrCNtQOQstiPterXePtiQPstrCteIies6hesettiPICPdePHQrceOePt QHspeed NiOits represePtsCMe[cQOpQPePtQHcQOprehePsiXe speedOCPCIeOePtCspCrtQHCPiPteIrCtedCpprQCchiPXQNXiPI cQPsiderCtiQPQHtheprQtectiXeSuCNit[QHrQCdsrQCdsidesXehicNes CPdhuOCPtQNerCPcethreshQNdsHQrdeCthCPdseriQusiPLur[ 'XePsOCNNreductiQPsiPspeedCHHectHCtCNCPdseriQuscrCshrisMCPd theeHHectiXePessQHrQCdCPdXehicNeiPterXePtiQPstQpreXePtdeCth CPdseriQusiPLur[ ´ #PCcceptedpriPcipNeisthCteXer[iPcreCseiPOeCPspeed prQducesCiPcreCseiPtheHCtCNcrCshrisMCPdCiPcreCse iPtheseriQuscrCshrisM ´ #reductiQPiPCXerCIespeedcCPreducethePuODerQHHCtCNities D[ 5OCNNreductiQPsiPspeedCNsQiPHNuePcethreshQNdsHQrdeCthCPd seriQusiPLur[risMiPdiHHerePtcrCshscePCriQs ´ (QrpedestriCPshitD[cCrHrQPtsthedeCthrisMrisesrCpidN[
tiOesHrQOMO/htQMO/h ´ +PcCrtQcCrsideiOpCctstheHCtCNit[risMHQrcCrQccupCPtsis CtMO/h ´ (QrDeNtedQccupCPtsiPtheDestdesiIPedcCrs 'urQ0%#2stCr thethreshQNdHQrseXereCPdHCtCNiPLur[hCXeDeePidePtifiedCs ǡMO/h trCXeNspeedCtiOpCct iPheCdQPcCrtQcCrcrCshes 46 countries representing 3 billion people currently have laws setting speed limits that align with best practice. 4eXieYQHspeedNCYs 6hreeDestprCcticecriteriCYereusediPtheCssessOePtQHNeIisNCtiQP QPspeedNCYs ´ presePceQHCPCtiQPCNspeedNiOitNCY ´ urDCPspeedNiOitsPQteZceediPIǡMO/h DCsedQPreseCrch NQYerNiOitsCrerecQOOePdedHQrurDCPCreCsCPdǡMO/hHQr residePtiCNCreCsCPdCreCsYithhiIhpedestriCPCctiXit[ CPd ´ NQcCNCuthQritieshCXiPIthepQYertQOQdiH[speedNiOits tQCdCpt tQdiHHerePtcQPteZts 6heresuNtsshQYthCtcQuPtries represePtiPIQHtheYQrNdŨs pQpuNCtiQP hCXesetPCtiQPCNspeedNiOitNCYshQYeXerQPN[QH thesecQuPtrieshCXeNCYsthCtOeetCNNthreeDestprCcticecriteriC 5iPceQPeCdditiQPCNcQuPtr[CNiIPeditsNeIisNCtiQPYithDest prCcticeCPdQPecQuPtr[OCdechCPIesthCtresuNtediPtheNeIisNCtiQP PQNQPIerCNiIPiPIYithDestprCcticeQPspeedOCPCIeOePt#OQPI cQuPtriesYithNeIisNCtiQPOeetiPICt NeCstQPeQHthethreeDest prCcticecriteriCcQuPtriesprQXideHQrspeedNiOitseSuCNtQQr uPderMO/hiPurDCPCreCsCPdprQXideNQcCNCuthQritiesYith thepQYertQOQdiH[speedNiOitsiPtheirNCYs#sshQYPiP(iIure thepresePceQHDestprCcticeNCYsYCsHQuPdtQDeOQrecQOOQP COQPIhiIhiPcQOecQuPtries thCPOiddNeQr NQYiPcQOe cQuPtries CPdrespectiXeN[ 'PHQrceOePtcCOpCiIPspNC[CPiOpQrtCPtrQNeiPePsuriPIrespect HQrCPdcQOpNiCPceYithspeedNiOits %QODiPCtiQPsQHDQth OCPuCNCPdCutQOCtedePHQrceOePtOethQdscCPiPcreCsethe prQDCDiNit[QHdetectiPIXiQNCtiQPs #utQOCtedePHQrceOePt
suchCsfiZedcCOerCCPdOQDiNeiPXehicNefitteddeXices s[steOs CrehiIhN[cQsteHHectiXeCPdCPiOpQrtCPtcQPsiderCtiQPespeciCNN[ HQr NQYresQurcesettiPIs #tQtCNQHcQuPtriesrepQrted cQPductiPIspeedePHQrceOePtCctiXities&espitetheHCctthCt The presence of best practice laws was found to be more common in high-income countries than in middle- or low- income countries. Chapter 3 29 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 of the 157 countries indicated that they do employ some automated methods, for the majority of countries, manual speed enforcement remains the dominant method of enforcement. As such, it is not surprising that only 30 countries rated their enforcement of speed laws as “good” (eight or above on a scale of zero to ten). Figure 9: Countries with speed laws meeting best practice, 2017 Speed limits on urban roads ≤50 km/h and can be modified Speed limits on urban roads ≤50 km/h but cannot be modified No speed law or speed limit on urban roads >50 km/h Data not available Not applicable Box 6: Setting urban speed limits in Thailand 5ettiPIspeedNiOitsCpprQpriCtetQrQCdHuPctiQPNC[QutCPddesiIPCPdYhichtCMeCccQuPtQH thesCHet[PeedsQHCNNcreCtesCHrCOeYQrMHQrsCHerQCduse6[picCNN[OCZiOuOspeedNiOits CcrQssthePetYQrMCresetCtPCtiQPCNNeXeNQPtheiPitiCtiXeQHrQCdsCPdtrCPspQrtCuthQrities 6hCiNCPdŨscurrePturDCPspeedNCYYCsestCDNishediPCPdsetsCOCZiOuOspeedQH ǡMO/hHQrurDCPCreCs6heMO/hNiOitQPurDCPrQCdsisHCrHrQOCNiIPiPIYithcurrePt DestprCcticeYhichrecQOOePdsCOCZiOuOspeedNiOitHQrurDCPCreCsQHMO/hCPd NQYerNiOitsiPCreCsYherepedestriCPXQNuOesCrehiIhsuchCsresidePtiCNQrcit[streets 5iPceeHHQrtshCXeDeePOCdetQCOePdthePCtiQPCNspeedNeIisNCtiQPDutYereuPsuccessHuN +PtheHQcusshiHtedHrQOchCPIiPIthePCtiQPCNNeIisNCtiQPtQeOpQYeriPICPdePcQurCIiPI prQXiPcestQusetheprQXisiQPiPtheNCYtQsettheirQYPspeedNiOits#dditiQPCNN[IuideNiPes hCXeDeePprQXidedHQrNQcCNIQXerPOePtstQsetCpprQpriCtespeedNiOits +PYithIuideNiPesiPpNCceHQrsettiPIspeedNiOitsiPOuPicipCNitiesǡprQXiPceshCXestCrted tQsetOQreCpprQpriCtespeedNiOitsCPdD[5epteODerhCNHQHtheprQXiPceshCXe seturDCPspeedNiOitsPQteZceediPIMO/h 6hiseZCOpNeiNNustrCtestheiOpQrtCPceQHNQcCNiPitiCtiXesiPOQXiPItQYCrdsCpprQpriCteurDCP speedNiOitsYhePPCtiQPCNspeedNiOitsettiPIHCiNstQOQXeiPNiPeYithDestprCctice 5Qurces /iPisteriCN4eIuNCtiQP0uODer )uideNiPesHQr5ettiPI5peed.iOitsiP%it[CPd/uPicipCNit[ Chapter 3 ).O$#.56#6754'2O46O04O#&5#('6;2018 Reducing drink-driving +tisestiOCtedthCtDetYeePCPdQHCNNrQCddeCthsCrerepQrted CsCNcQhQNreNCted &riXiPICHterdriPMiPICNcQhQNsiIPificCPtN[ iPcreCsestherisMQHCcrCshCPdtheseXerit[QHthCtcrCsh #P[COQuPtQHCNcQhQNhCsDeePshQYPtQiOpCirdriXiPIDehCXiQur CPdthereisCrCpidCPdeZpQPePtiCNiPcreCseiPrisMHQrNeXeNseZceediPI ǡI/dNHQrtheIePerCNdriXiPIpQpuNCtiQP4educiPIDNQQdCNcQhQN cQPcePtrCtiQPs $#% HrQOǡI/dNtQǡI/dNOC[cQPtriDutetQC reductiQPQHŤiPCNcQhQNreNCtedrQCdtrCHficHCtCNities 9hiNe$#%NiOitsprQXidedHQriPNeIisNCtiQPPeedtQDeCtthecQreQH eHHQrtstQCddressdriPMiPICPddriXiPICPiPteIrCtedCpprQCchtQ iPterXePtiQPiPXQNXescQODiPedpuDNicit[CPdhiIhXisiDiNit[pQNice ePHQrceOePtCPdthefitOePtQHCNcQNQcMsiPcQOOerciCNCPdpuDNic trCPspQrtXehicNes +tisDestprCcticetQsetNiOitsQHǡI/dN HQr[QuPICPdPQXicedriXersiPXieYQHtheirIreCtersusceptiDiNit[tQ iOpCirOePtD[CNcQhQNCtNQYerNeXeNsCPdtheirdisprQpQrtiQPCteN[ hiIherrisMQHDeiPIiPXQNXediPHCtCNcrCshes thQuIhPQtiPcNuded CsCDestprCcticecriteriCHQrthisCPCN[sisthesettiPIQHCNQYer NiOitQHǡI/dNhCsCNsQDeePcQPsideredHQrcQOOerciCNdriXers duetQtheHCctthCtthe[trCPspQrtpCssePIersCPdthepQtePtiCN deCthsCPdiPLuriesiPHNictedD[trucMcQNNisiQPsisIreCterthCPQther pCssePIerXehicNes 4eXieYQHdriPMdriXiPINCYs 6hreeDestprCcticecriteriCYerecQPsideredHQrtheCssessOePtQH driPMdriXiPINCYs ´ presePceQHCPCtiQPCNdriPMdriXiPINCY ´ $#%NiOitHQrtheIePerCNpQpuNCtiQPPQteZceediPIǡI/dN CPd ´ $#%NiOitHQr[QuPICPdPQXicedriXersPQteZceediPIǡI/dN 45 countries representing 2.3 billion people currently have drink-driving laws that align with best practice. 32 While nearly all of the participating countries have national drink- driving laws in place, not all specify a BAC limit which makes it difficult to enforce the law. Of the 174 with laws, 136 countries provide for BAC threshold limits. Among these, 45 countries meet all three best practice criteria for drink-driving laws with specified thresholds for both the general population (0.05 g/dl) as well as for young and novice drivers (0.02 g/dl). Of those countries with laws that meet at least one of the best practice criteria, 89 countries specify the recommended BAC limit of 0.05 g/dl for the general population; 48 specify a BAC limit of 0.02 g/dl for young and novice drivers; while 53 have provisions for reduced limits of 0.02 g/dl among commercial drivers. Progress has been made since 2014 with an additional ten countries now meeting overall best practice for drink-driving laws, representing coverage of an additional 180 million people. As shown in Figure 10, more high-income countries (58%) have laws that meet overall best practice criteria for drink-driving than middle-income countries or low-income countries (40% and 2%, respectively). Whereas 60% of countries with laws meeting best practice are from the European region only 2% are from the African region. Enforcement that incorporates random breath testing strategies (as opposed to those that are targeted during certain times and in certain areas) is more effective in increasing both the perceived and actual probability of being caught and so deterring drinking and driving (38). This review showed that more than half of all countries undertake year round random breath testing Chapter 3 33 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Data on drink-driving remains limited in many countries and is necessary to understanding the magnitude of the problem as well as to evaluate the impact of efforts to prevent it. Of those surveyed, 94 countries have data on road traffic deaths, which involve alcohol consumption amongst drivers, mostly high- and middle-income countries and only five low-income. Estimates for many countries are based on data from crash reports that generally underestimate the extent of the problem. 125 countries reported that fatally injured drivers are tested for alcohol of which 72 reported that the testing is routinely carried out for all cases. Figure 10: Countries with drink-driving laws meeting best practice, 2017 Data not available Not applicable Alcohol consumption legally prohibited No drink–driving law/Law not based on BAC/ BAC > 0.08 g/dl BAC ≤ 0.05 g/dl and BAC for young/novice drivers ≤ 0.02 g/dl BAC between 0.05 g/dl and 0.08 g/dl or BAC for young/novice drivers > 0.02 g/dl 34 Box 7: Effectiveness of changing legal blood alcohol concentration limits in Brazil $rC\iNŨsfirstdriPMdriXiPINCYDCsedQP$#%NiOitsYCsePCctediPOCMiPIitCPQHHePce tQdriXeYithC$#%iPeZcessQHI/dN#stud[QHrQCdHCtCNitiesiP5CQ2CuNQ$rC\iNHQuPd thCtQHpeQpNeMiNNediPrQCdtrCHficcrCsheshCd$#%NeXeNsIreCterthCPǡI/dNCPd QHdriXerspresePtedhCd$#%NeXeNsIreCterthCPI/dN+PQrdertQtCcMNethispuDNicheCNth threCtthe$rC\iNiCPIQXerPOePtePCctedthePeYū&r[.CYŬiP,uPeYhichreducedthe NeICN$#%NiOitHrQOǡI/dNtQǡI/dN /QPitQriPIiPthecCpitCNCPd5tCteQH5CQ2CuNQDetYeePtQiPdicCtedthCtthe PeYNCYresuNtediPsiIPificCPtreductiQPsiPiPLuriesCPdHCtCNities6heeHHectYCsstrQPIerHQr HCtCNities CdecreCseQHƈCPdƈiPtheCXerCIeOQPthN[rCteiPthe5tCteCPdcCpitCN QH5CQ2CuNQrespectiXeN[ thCPHQriPLuries ƈCPdƈ 9hiNethePeYNCYresuNtediPcCsuCNt[reductiQPDCrrierstQitsCppNicCtiQPreOCiPed0QtCDN[ driXershCdCriIhttQreHuseC$#%testYhichOCdeitdiHficuNttQiOpQsecriOiPCNsCPctiQPs reNCtedtQ$#%testNeXeNs6he$rC\iNiCPIQXerPOePtsuDseSuePtN[COePdedtheū&r[.CYŬiP &eceODertQCNNQYpQNiceQHficerstQuseCNterPCtiXeeXidePce eIcNiPicCNsiIPsQrXideQs tQsuppQrtCdriPMdriXiPIQHHePce6heCOePdOePtCNsQOCdeitiNNeICNtQhCXeCP[OeCsurCDNe CNcQhQNiPtheDNQQdCPddQuDNedtheQriIiPCNfiPes 5Qurces #Pdreuccetti)%CrXCNhQ*$%herpiteN%,etCN4educiPItheNeICNDNQQdCNcQhQNcQPcePtrCtiQPNiOitHQrdriXiPIiPdeXeNQpiPIcQuPtries #tiOe HQrchCPIe!4esuNtsCPdiOpNicCtiQPsderiXedHrQOCtiOeseriesCPCN[sis cQPductediP$rC\iN#ddictiQP /QurC'%/CNtC&%/QrCis0etQO.2ePPC)O6eOpQrCQ,)/QtQrXehicNedriXiPICHterDiPIedriPMiPI$rC\iNtQ4eX5Cude 2uDNicC Increasing motorcycle helmet use $etYeePCPdthePuODerQHtYQCPdthreeYheeNersiP circuNCtiQPQPtheYQrNdŨsrQCdsiPcreCsedD[+PthetePcQuPtries YiththeIreCtestPuODersQHtheseXehicNesOQtQrc[cNescQOprise OQrethCPQHthePCtiQPCNXehicNeHNeet *eCdiPLuriesCretheNeCdiPIcCuseQHdeCthCPdOCLQrtrCuOCHQr tYQCPdthreeYheeNedOQtQrXehicNeusers %QrrectheNOet usecCPNeCdtQCreductiQPiPtherisMQHHCtCNiPLuriesCPdC reductiQPiPtherisMQHheCdiPLuries 6heuseQHheNOets isCssuchCPiOpQrtCPtOeCPsQHpreXePtiPIrQCdtrCHficdeCths .eIisNCtiQP shQuNd prQXide HQr heNOet use D[ CNN pCssePIers iPcNudiPIchiNdrePCPdshQuNdDesuppQrtedD[puDNicCYCrePess cCOpCiIPsCPdsustCiPedePHQrceOePt)QQdheNOetdesiIPCPd cQrrectuseQHstCPdCrdheNOetsYhePridiPICOQtQrc[cNeCrehiIhN[ iOpQrtCPt 4eXieYQHOQtQrc[cNeheNOetNCYs (iXeDestprCcticecriteriCYerecQPsideredHQrtheCssessOePtQH OQtQrc[cNeheNOetNCYs ´ presePceQHCPCtiQPCNOQtQrc[cNeheNOetNCY ´ NCYCppN[iPItQDQthdriXersCPdpCssePIers ´ NCYCppN[iPItQCNNrQCdCPdePIiPet[pes ´ NCYspeciH[iPIthCtheNOetsshQuNdDeHCstePed CPd ´ NCYreHerriPItQ/speciH[iPICstCPdCrdHQrheNOets #sshQYPiP(iIureQHtheǡcQuPtriesthCthCXeOCPdCtQr[ heNOetNCYsHQrOQtQrc[cNistsQPN[ represePtiPIQHtheYQrNd 49 countries representing 2.7 billion people currently have laws on motorcycle helmet use that align with best practice. Chapter 3 37 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 38 population) have laws that meet all five best practice criteria. Among those with laws that meet at least one best practice criteria, 160 have laws to protect all riders (drivers and passengers); 82 have laws requiring helmets to be fastened; and 93 refer to helmet standards in their laws. Since 2014, five countries have made amendments to existing legislation to align them with best practice, providing coverage to an additional 397 million people. Despite the prevalence of motorcycles in low-income settings, only 6% of the countries with laws meeting best practice criteria are low-income countries. Only 63 countries, representing 33% of the world’s population, restrict child passengers on motorcycles. Enforcement of helmet-wearing laws are generally weak; only 61 countries rate their enforcement of helmet-wearing laws as “good” (eight or above on a scale of 0 to 10). Similarly, less than half of countries surveyed (75) have data available on helmet-wearing. The majority of these countries are high-income countries; only six low-income countries reported having data on helmet-wearing. Even when it is collected, available data vary largely in terms of quality and methodologies used and very few report on national data. 39 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Chapter 3 Figure 11: Countries with helmet laws meeting best practice, 2017 All riders, roads, engines, fastening and standard All riders, roads, engines and either fastening or standard Not covering all riders or roads or engines / no law Data not available Not applicable 105 countries representing 5.3 billion people currently have laws on seat-belt use that align with best practice. Increasing seat-belt use 9eCriPICseCtDeNtreducestherisMQHdeCthCOQPIdriXersCPd HrQPtseCtQccupCPtsD[CPdtherisMQHdeCthCPdseriQus iPLuriesCOQPIreCrseCtQccupCPtsD[ /CPdCtQr[seCtDeNt NeIisNCtiQPishiIhN[eHHectiXeiPprQOQtiPIseCtDeNtYeCriPICPdis CcQsteHHectiXeOeCPsQHreduciPIrQCdtrCHficdeCthsCPdiPLuries especiCNN[iPrCpidN[OQtQri\iPINQYCPdOiddNeiPcQOecQuPtries
#sisthecCseHQrQtherrisMHCctQrsiPcreCsiPIseCtDeNtuse reSuiresOuNtisectQrCNCctiQPDe[QPdthesettiPIQHCpprQpriCte NeIisNCtiQP 6hisiPcNudescQODiPedpuDNicit[CPdePHQrceOePt CPdtheprQXisiQPQHiPXehicNeseCtDeNtreOiPdersYhichhCXeDeeP shQYPtQDehiIhN[eHHectiXeiPiPcreCsiPIuse 4eXieYQHseCtDeNtNCYs 6YQDestprCcticecriteriCYerecQPsideredHQrtheCssessOePtQH seCtDeNtNeIisNCtiQP ´ presePceQHCPCtiQPCNseCtDeNtNCY CPd ´ NCYCppN[iPItQHrQPtCPdreCrseCtQccupCPts #sshQYPiP(iIureQHthecQuPtriesYithPCtiQPCNseCtDeNt NCYsrepresePtiPIQHtheYQrNdŨspQpuNCtiQPhCXeCdQpted theDestprCcticeQHOCPdCtiPItheuseQHseCtDeNtsD[DQthHrQPt CPdreCrseCtQccupCPtsOPN[QHcQuPtriesYithseCtDeNtNCYs OeetiPIDestprCcticeCreNQYiPcQOecQutries 5iPceseXePcQuPtrieshCXeOCdechCPIestQtheirseCtDeNt NeIisNCtiQP fiXeCdditiQPCNcQuPtriesPQYhCXeNCYsthCtOeetDest prCcticeYhiNetYQcQuPtrieshCXeOCdechCPIesthCtDriPItheir NCYsQutQHCNiIPOePtYithDestprCctice6hePet iPcreCseQH cQuPtriesCccQuPtsHQrCPCdditiQPCNOiNNiQPpeQpNecQXeredD[ 41 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Chapter 3 best practice seat-belt laws. Enforcement of seat-belt laws is poor with only 40 countries rating their enforcement of seat-belt use laws as “good” (eight or above on a scale of zero to ten). Less than half of countries collect data on seat-belt wearing and the majority of these are high- and middle-income countries. Figure 12: Countries with seat-belt laws meeting best practice, 2017 Seat-belt law applies to all occupants Seat-belt law applies to front seats occupants No seat-belt law or law applies to driver only Not applicable Data not available Increasing child restraint use %hiNdrestrCiPtsCrehiIhN[eHHectiXeiPreduciPIiPLur[CPddeCthtQ chiNdQccupCPts Ť 6heuseQHchiNdrestrCiPtscCPNeCdtQCt NeCstCreductiQPiPdeCths 6heDePefitsQHchiNdrestrCiPts hCXeDeePshQYPtQDeIreCtestHQr[QuPIerchiNdrePpCrticuNCrN[ thQseuPderHQur[eCrsQHCIe (QrchiNdreP[eCrsDQQster seCtusehCsDeePCssQciCtedYithCreductiQPiPtheQdds QHiPLur[cQOpCredtQusiPICseCtDeNtCNQPe 6hepQsitiQPQH chiNdrePiPeitherHrQPtQrreCrseCtsisCNsQiOpQrtCPtCsChiIherrisM HQriPLur[isCssQciCtedYiththeHrQPtseCtiPIpQsitiQP 4eXieYQHchiNdrestrCiPtNCYs $estprCcticecriteriCHQrchiNdrestrCiPtshCXeDeePHurtherdeXeNQped siPcethepreXiQusrepQrt iPXieYQHtheCdditiQPCNdCtCcQNNected HQrthisreXieY(QurDestprCcticecriteriCYerecQPsiderediPthe CssessOePtQHchiNdrestrCiPtNCYs ´ presePceQHCPCtiQPCNchiNdrestrCiPtNCY ´ reSuireOePtHQrchiNdrePtQuseCchiNdrestrCiPtCtNeCstuPtiNteP [eCrsQHCIeQrcOiPheiIht ´ restrictiQPsHQrchiNdrePuPderCcertCiPCIeQrheiIhtHrQOsittiPI iPtheHrQPtseCt ´ reHerePcetQQrspecificCtiQPQHCstCPdCrdHQrchiNdrestrCiPts #sshQYPiP(iIurecQuPtrieshCXeCPCtiQPCNchiNdrestrCiPtNCY #OQPIthesecQuPtriesrepresePtiPIQHtheYQrNdpQpuNCtiQP OeettheQXerCNNDestprCcticecriteriCHQrchiNdrestrCiPtsOHthQseYith NCYsthCtOeetCtNeCstQPeQHtheDestprCcticecriteriCcQuPtries 33 countries representing 652 million people currently have laws on the use of child restraints that align with best practice. Chapter 3 43 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 refer to a standard for child restraints, 113 restrict seating children in the front seat (including 61 banning front seating) and 41 countries address the age and/or height criteria of ten years of age or 135 cm in height in the legislation. Since 2014, four countries have made amendments to legislation on the use of child restraints to bring them in line with best practice. Among those with laws meeting best practice, 85% are high-income countries and 15% are middle-income countries. No low-income countries have laws on the use of child restraint systems that meet best practice. Best practice laws are most common among countries in the European region; in all other regions, less than 7% of countries have laws on the use of child restraint systems that align with best practice. Only 22 countries rate their enforcement of child restraint laws as “good” (eight or above on a scale of zero to ten) and only 35 collect data on child restraint use. Figure 13: Countries with child restraint laws meeting best practice, 2017 Children up to 10 years/135 cm covered, standard, front seating restrictions Children under 4 covered, those between 4 and 10 insufficiently covered or children up to 10 years/135 cm covered, no standard Children under 4 insufficiently covered or no law or law not based on age/height or front seating restrictions only Not applicable Data not available 44 Chapter 3 ).O$#.56#6754'2O46O04O#&5#('6;2018 Reducing distracted driving &istrCcteddriXiPID[OQDiNedeXicessuchCssOCrtphQPesCPd/ QrQtheriPXehicNedeXicesisCIrQYiPIrisMHCctQrNiPMedtQseriQus PeICtiXeQutcQOes Ť 6heuseQHCOQDiNephQPeYhiNedriXiPI isYidespreCdCOQPIst[QuPICPdPQXicedriXersCPdIrQYiPI COQPIstOQtQrc[cNistsCddiPIHurthertQtheCNreCd[hiIhrisMQH crCshCPddeCthCOQPItheseIrQups6eNephQPeuseYhiNedriXiPI
YhetherhCPdheNdQrhCPdsHree iPcreCsestheNiMeNihQQdQHDeiPI iPXQNXediPCcrCshD[CHCctQrQHHQurYhiNeteZtiPIiPcreCsescrCsh risMD[CrQuPdtiOes &riXerreCctiQPtiOeshCXeCNsQDeeP shQYPtQDesNQYerYithteNephQPeusethCPYithQut5iOiNCrN[ iPcCrteNephQPecQPXersCtiQPsiOpCirdriXersOQrethCPNistePiPItQ therCdiQQrtCNMiPItQpCssePIers &espitetheIrQYiPIDQd[ QHeXidePceQPtherisMsCssQciCtedYithdistrCcteddriXiPIthere reOCiPsCdeCrthQHeXidePceQPtheeHHectiXePessQHiPterXePtiQPs tQreducedistrCcteddriXiPI 4eXieYQHOQDiNephQPeNCYs 6hereisiPsuHficiePteXidePceQPtheeHHectiXePessQHNeIisNCtiQPtQ NiOitQrprQhiDittheuseQHOQDiNedeXicesYhiNedriXiPItQestCDNish DestprCcticecriteriC#tQtCNQHcQuPtrieshCXeCPCtiQPCNOQDiNe phQPeNCYiPpNCceCPdOQst prQhiDittheuseQHhCPdheNdOQDiNe phQPesYhiNedriXiPI+PterOsQHprQIressOCdeHQurCdditiQPCN cQuPtrieshCXePCtiQPCNOQDiNephQPeNCYsthQuIhtheiOpCctQH thiscCPPQtDeCssessedCtthistiOeCsthereiscurrePtN[PQtCDest prCcticeHQrNeIisNCtiQPQPdistrCcteddriXiPI )iXePthediHficuNt[iPdetectiPItheseDehCXiQursePHQrceOePtCPd dCtCcQNNectiQPreOCiPchCNNePIiPIcQuPtriesrQutiPeN[cQNNect dCtCQPthisrisMNCrIeN[thrQuIhreIuNCrpQNicecrCshrepQrtsYith HeYreIuNCrQDserXCtiQPCNstudies#PCdditiQPCNcQuPtrieshCXe sQOePQPrQutiPeN[cQNNecteddCtCHrQOreseCrch 64 countries routinely collect data on distracted driving through police reports and observational studies. Reducing drug-driving 6hQuIhOQrediHficuNttQSuCPtiH[thCPCNcQhQNtheuseQH iNNeICN druIsCPdcertCiPprescriptiQPOedicCtiQPsisiPcreCsiPIN[NiPMedtQ rQCdtrCHficcrCshesCPddeCthsthQuIhthereCreOCP[cQOpNeZities CrQuPdtestiPICPdestCDNishiPIthecCusCNit[QHdiHHerePtdruIs
6hecQPcQOitCPtuseQHdruIsCPdCNcQhQNpresePtsHurther cQOpNeZitiesCPdrisMs 6here isCdeCrthQHdCtCQPhQY HreSuePtN[driXersuseCPd/QrCreiOpCiredD[druIsCPdHeYcQuPtries s[steOCticCNN[OeCsuretheeZtePtQHthedruIdriXiPIprQDNeO &CtCHrQOthe7Pited5tCtesshQYthCtCOQPIHCtCNN[iPLureddriXers HQrYhQOdruItestresuNtsYereCXCiNCDNeYerepQsitiXeiP CPiPcreCseHrQOiP 6herisMQHcrCshCPd deCthXCriesdepePdiPIQPthet[peQHps[chQCctiXedruI6heuse QHCOphetCOiPesiPcreCsestherisMHQrHCtCNcrCshesD[fiXetiOes CPdrisMHQrPQPHCtCNcrCshesD[siZtiOes 4eXieYQHdruIdriXiPINCYs 6hereis iPsuHficiePteXidePceQPtheeHHectiXePessQH NeIisNCtiQP tQNiOitQrprQhiDitdruIdriXiPItQestCDNishDestprCcticecriteriC 6heOCLQrit[QHcQuPtriessurXe[ed hCXeCPCtiQPCNdruIdriXiPI NCYiPpNCce6hisiPcNudestYQcQuPtriesthCthCXeCdQptedNCYstQ prQhiDitdruIdriXiPIsiPcethQuIhtheiOpCctQHthiscCPPQt DeCssessedCtthistiOeCsthereiscurrePtN[PQtCDestprCcticeHQr NeIisNCtiQPQPdruIdriXiPI 6heeZtePtQHthedruIdriXiPIprQDNeOisiPsuHficiePtN[MPQYPiP OCP[cQuPtriesOPN[repQrteddQiPIsQOedruItestiPICOQPI HCtCNN[iPLureddriXers 75 countries reported doing some drug testing among fatally injured drivers. Chapter 3 47 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 CHAPTER 4 SAFE ROADS 88% of pedestrian travel is on 1- or 2-star roads 86% of bicyclist travel is on 1- or 2-star roads 67% of motorcyclist travel is on 1- or 2-star roads • When safety is taken into consideration during the planning, design and operation of roads, substantial cQPtriDutiQPscCPDeOCdetQreduciPIrQCdtrCHficdeCths and injuries. • For pedestrians, cyclists and motorcyclists, the lack of specificiPHrCstructureHeCturesthCtcCPePsuretheOC safe journey leaves them vulnerable to injury. • Road safety inspections and the star rating of roads can provide mechanisms to identify failings in infrastructure which can affect a crash likelihood and severity. • Upgrading high-risk roads and providing access to safe CPdCHHQrdCDNepuDNictrCPspQrtYiNNreducerQCdtrCHfic death and injury. Key messages 50 Road infrastructure is strongly linked to fatal and serious injury causation in road collisions, and research has shown that improvements to the road infrastructure are critical to improving overall road safety (69). The aim is to create a safe road environment, rather than placing the main responsibility for safety on users who fail to deal with the intrinsic dangers of the roads. Head-on crashes, for example, occur on undivided roads while the lack of a footpath or a safe crossing presents a major risk for death and injury to pedestrians (3)(Qrc[cNistsCPdOQtQrc[cNiststheNCcMQHspecific infrastructure features that ensure a safe journey like cycle lanes and motorcycle lanes leaves them vulnerable to impact and injury (69). The provision of affordable and safe public transport as well as facilities for safe walking and cycling are highly important. Review of the use of standards and tools to improve the safety quality of roads This report has continued to track the status of countries in setting design standards, undertaking audits and/or the star rating of new road infrastructure and inspection/star rating of existing roads. Three new questions in this report involve: ´ the use of dedicated funding to upgrade high-risk roads. In most countries and cities, more than half of all road deaths and severe injuries happen on less than 10% of the road length (70). The return on investment for improving road infrastructure safety on these high-risk roads is substantial. ´ design standards that specifically meet the needs of vulnerable road users. Historic road design practice and standards have focussed on meeting the capacity and travel time needs of motorized XehicNesYhereCsthespecificPeedsQHXuNPerCDNerQCdusershCXe often been secondary considerations. 114 countries currently undertake systematic assessments or star rating of existing roads. Chapter 4 51 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 88% of pedestrian travel occurs on roads that are unsafe. ´ the provision of affordable and safe public transport. In urban areas, where an additional two billion people are expected to be living in cities by 2045, the provision of affordable and safe public transport is an essential investment for sustainable mobility. While design standards exist in most countries, the way in which they are applied to a new road design is influenced by the complexity of the location (urban, rural, utility services, road users present), the priority on safety outcomes and the budgets allocated for the project. This review shows that 112 countries have national design standards for the management of speed. Ninety-two countries have national design standards for separating pedestrians and cyclists rQCdusersHrQOOQtQri\edtrCHficOPehuPdredCPdthirt[tYQ countries have national design standards for the provision of safe crossings for pedestrians and cyclists. Road safety inspections and the star rating of existing roads provide a mechanism to identify any existing road design and speed management features that can affect crash likelihood and severity. Systematic risk rate mapping, performance tracking and safety rating 52 using objective data are carried out by international and national road assessment programmes. (71). Road protection scores assess the level of protection against the risk of death and serious injury in collisions for all main user groups afforded by the road environment. Each road is given a star rating from one to five stars. Minimum star ratings for the infrastructure safety of major roads are increasingly being used in targeted programmes and are recommended, especially where high-quality crash injury data are not yet available or where capacity is still being built for safety engineering (69). A sample of recent of International Road Assessment Programme (iRAP) assessments from 54 countries, covering 358,000 kilometers of rural and urban roads with over 700 billion vehicle kilometres of travel a year has highlighted that 88% of pedestrian travel is on one- or two-star roads, 86% of bicycle travel is one- or two-star roads, 67% of motorcycle travel is on one- or two-star roads, and 44% of vehicle travel is one- or two-star roads (72). One hundred forty-seven countries reported carrying out road safety audits or star ratings for new roads while 114 countries reported doing safety assessments or star rating on existing roads. The implementation of a dedicated funding stream and targeted programmes to upgrade high-risk roads and provide access to safe and affordable public transport will help to systematically eliminate the highest-risk roads in a country and reduce death and injury. This review found that 116 countries have a systematic programme in place for targeting and upgrading high-risk locations on existing roads. Additionally, 77 countries reported investing in mass transit while 103 countries reported having formal policies for formal bus/ mini-bus systems. Chapter 4 53 ).O$#.56#6754'2O46O04O#&5#('6;2018 Table 3: Star rating of roads – what makes a road safe? Star Rating No sidewalk, No safe crossing, MO/htrCHfic No cyclepath, No safe crossings, poor road surface, MO/htrCHfic No motorcycle lane, undivided road, trees close to road, winding alignment, MO/htrCHfic Undivided road with narrow centerline, trees close to road, winding alignment, MO/htrCHfic Sidewalk present, pedestrian refuge, street lighting, MO/htrCHfic OPrQCdc[cNeNCPe good road surface, street lighting, MO/htrCHfic OPrQCdOQtQrc[cNe lane, undivided road, good road surface, >5m to any roadside hazards, MO/htrCHfic Wide centerline separating oncoming vehicles, >5m to any roadside hazards, MO/htrCHfic Sidewalk present, signalized crossing with refuge, street lighting, 40 km/h OHHrQCddedicCted cycle facility, raised platform crossing of major roads, street lighting &edicCted separated motorcycle lane, central hatching, no roadside hazards, straight alignment, MO/htrCHfic Safety barrier separating oncoming vehicles and protecting roadside hazards, straight alignment, MO/htrCHfic * For details on the full model for all road users and more urban and rural examples see https://www.irap.org//3-star-or-better/what-is-star-rating. 54 Box 8: 5-star school journey for Lusaka students 5uD5ChCrCP#HricChCstheYQrNdŨshiIhestrQCdtrCHficiPLur[rCtes(QrstudePtsQH,ustiP-CDYe Primary School in Lusaka, Zambia, their journey to school is now much safer, with access roads rCisedHrQOQPeCPdtYQstCrdCPIerQustQfiXestCrsCHet[eZceNNePceCssessedusiPIi4#2Ũs Star Rating for Schools app. Four children were injured on roads around the school before the school was upgraded. 4,700 vehicles pass the entrance, 200 people cross the road and over 900 people walk along the road past the school every peak hour. Crossing the road into school used to be very dangerous. 6hCPMstQCprQLectcQOpNetediP0QXeODerD[thePQPprQfit#OePdCPdsuppQrtedD[ FedEx, infrastructure enhancements have improved safety, assessed using the Star Rating for Schools (SR4S) app powered by iRAP’s Pedestrian Star Rating. The improvements included the addition of a raised platform pedestrian crossing, footpaths, fencing and a school zone warning, removal of vehicle parking which blocked sight lines, and reduced operating speeds of passing vehicles. (QurNQcCtiQPsYithhiIhpedestriCPtrCHficHNQYsYerestCrrCtedHQrsCHet[usiPIthe545 app before and after the infrastructure improvements. The before and after star rating results captured by SR4S reflected a major improvement in safety. The school’s main entrance iPtersectiQPCPdPeCrD[cQrPerCchieXedstCrrCtiPIiOprQXeOePtsHrQOQPetQfiXestCrsCPd tYQtQfiXestCrsrespectiXeN[ Source: iRAP, 2018 https://www.irap.org/media-centre/case-studies/ Chapter 4 55 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 CHAPTER 5 SAFE VEHICLES 40 countries implement 7 or 8 of the priority UN vehicle safety standards 124 countries apply 0 or 1 of the 8 priority UN vehicle safety standards • Vehicle safety features such as electronic stability control and advanced braking make a substantial contribution to reducing road traffic deaths and injuries. • Despite these potential benefits, not all new and used vehicles are required to be equipped with these and other internationally recognized vehicle safety standards. • New Car Assessment Programmes (NCAPs) have proved highly effective in raising levels of vehicle safety significantly above minimum regulatory requirements. Key messages 58 40 countries representing 1 billion people, have implemented at least 7 or all of the 8 priority UN vehicle safety standards. Vehicle safety is increasingly critical to the prevention of crashes and hCsDeePshQYPtQcQPtriDutetQsuDstCPtiCNreductiQPsiPthePuODerQH deCthsCPdseriQusiPLuriesQPtherQCds (eCturessuchCseNectrQPic stability control and advanced braking are examples of vehicle safety standards that can prevent a crash from occurring or reduce the severity QHiPLuries &espitethesepQtePtiCNDePefitsPQtCNNPeYCPdused XehicNesCrereSuiredtQDeeSuippedYithiPterPCtiQPCNN[recQIPi\ed safety standards 'iIht70XehicNesCHet[stCPdCrdshCXeDeeP priQriti\edHQriOpNeOePtCtiQPD[cQuPtries $QZ 4eXieYQHtCMeupQHMe[XehicNesCHet[ regulations #sshQYPiP(iIureprQIressYithuptCMeQHtheeiIhtpriQrit[70 XehicNesCHet[stCPdCrdshCsDeePXer[NiOitedsiPcetheNCstreXieY 6QdCteonly OCiPN[hiIhiPcQOecQuPtrieshCXeiOpNeOePted seXePQreiIhtQHthesestCPdCrds'NeXePcQuPtriesCppN[tYQtQsiZ stCPdCrdsand CppN[QPeQrPQPeQHthestCPdCrds5iPcethe NCstreXieYone CdditiQPCNcQuPtr[+PdiCis applying the front and side iOpCctprQtectiQPstCPdCrdOne QthercQuPtr[/CNC[siChas applied theeNectrQPicstCDiNit[cQPtrQNreIuNCtiQPHrQO Figure 14: Countries implementing priority UN safety standards for vehicles, 2018 0 50 100 150 N um be r of c ou nt ri es 7 or 8 2 to 6 0 or 1 40 11 124 +PthepreXiQusrepQrtpriQrit[stCPdCrdsYereidePtified#PCdditiQPCNstCPdCrdHQrOQtQrc[cNeCPti NQcMDrCMiPIs[steOs #$5 hCsDeePiPcNudediPthisrepQrt Chapter 5 ).O$#.56#6754'2O46O04O#&5#('6;2018 +P reNCtiQP tQ theOQtQrc[cNeCPtiNQcMDrCMiPIs[steOs #$5 CPuODerQHcQuPtriesYithhiIhusCIeQHOQtQrc[cNesCreQrYiNN DeiOpNeOePtiPIreIuNCtiQPsreSuiriPItheuseQH#$5QrcQODiPed DrCMiPIs[steOs %$5 HQrOQtQrc[cNes#sshQYPiP6CDNeOQstQH thecQuPtriesiOpNeOePtiPIthesereIuNCtiQPsreSuire#$5s[steOs HQrXehicNesIreCterthCPcc %hiPCCPd$rC\iNQPN[reSuire#$5HQr XehicNesIreCterthCPccCPdccrespectiXeN[YhichOeCPs that a large number of motorcycles and e-bikes are excluded from thisreSuireOePt9iththeeZceptiQPQH$rC\iNCNNhCXeprQXisiQPs tQeZtePdthe#$5reSuireOePtsHQrusedOQtQrc[cNesCNreCd[iP circuNCtiQPiPcircuNCtiQPreSuiriPItheOtQDeretrQfittedCsYeNNCs HQrPeYOQtQrc[cNes Table 4: Motorcycle ABS regulation, 2018 Countries Motorcycle ABS regulation Note EU ;'5ŤHQrCNNPeYt[pes cc CsQH/CPdHQrCNNeZistiPI t[pes ccCsQH/ cccCPhCXe#$5 Qr%$5fitted Japan ;'5ŤHQrCNNPeYt[pes cc CsQH/CPdHQrCNNeZistiPI t[pes ccCsQH/ cccCPhCXe#$5 Qr%$5fitted India ;'5ŤHQrCNNPeYt[pes cc CsQH/CPdHQrCNNeZistiPI t[pes ccCsQH/ cccCPhCXe #$5Qr%$5fitted China ;'5ŤHQrCNNPeYt[pes cc CsQH/CPdHQrCNNeZistiPI t[pes ccCsQH/ ccOCPdCtQr[ both front and rear YheeN ccCPd cc#$5Qr%$5 Brazil ;'5ŤHQrCNNPeYt[pes ccrCOpupHrQO cccCPhCXe#$5 Qr%$5fitted QHHrQCd bikes excluded Australia ;'5ŤHQrCNNPeYt[pes cc HrQO/CPdHQrCNNeZistiPI t[pes ccHrQO/ cccCPhCXe #$5Qr%$5 60 Review of consumer information programme progress: The UN General Assembly has recommended the implementation of new car assessments as a means of improving vehicle safety (76). New Car Assessment Programmes (NCAPs) have proved highly effective in raising levels of vehicle safety significantly above minimum regulatory requirements. NCAPs typically carry out safety ratings for crashworthiness to promote occupant and pedestrian protection and crash avoidance through crash tests and technology assessments (77). Chapter 5 61 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Figure 15: Countries applying UN vehicle safety standards, 2018 Meets 7 or 8 international vehicle standards Meets 2 to 6 international vehicle standards Meets 0 or 1 international vehicle standard Not applicable Data not available Box 9: Priority UN vehicle safety standards Ť (rQPtCNiOpCctprQtectiQPCPdsideiOpCctprQtectiQP 4CPd4 ePsurethCtcCrs YithstCPdtheiOpCctsQHCHrQPtCNCPdsideiOpCctcrCshYhePtestedCtcertCiPspeeds6hese crCshYQrthiPessreIuNCtiQPsheNptQprQtectQccupCPtsYithstCPdtheiOpCctQHHrQPtCPdside iOpCctcrCshes 'NectrQPicstCDiNit[cQPtrQN 4 preXePtssMiddiPICPdNQssQHcQPtrQNiPcCsesQHQXer steeriPIQruPdersteeriPICPdiseHHectiXeCtreduciPIcrCshesCPdsCXiPINiXes+tiseHHectiXe iPCXQidiPIsiPINecCrCPdrQNNQXercrCshesreduciPIDQthHCtCNCPdseriQusiPLuries 2edestriCPHrQPtprQtectiQP 4 prQXidessQHterDuOpersCPdOQdifiestheHrQPtePds QHXehicNes eIreOQXesuPPecessCriN[riIidstructures thCtcCPreducetheseXerit[QHC pedestriCPiOpCctYithCcCr Ť 5eCtDeNtsCPdseCtDeNtCPchQrCIes 44 ePsurethCtseCtDeNtsCrefittediP XehicNesYhePthe[CreOCPuHCcturedCPdCsseODNedCPdthCttheseCtDeNtCPchQrpQiPtscCP YithstCPdtheiOpCctiPcurredduriPICcrCshtQOiPiOi\etherisMQHDeNtsNippCIeCPdePsure thCtpCssePIerscCPDesCHeN[reOQXedHrQOtheirseCtsiHthereisCcrCsh %hiNdrestrCiPts 4 ePsurethCtthechiNdseCtisiPpNCceYiththeCduNtseCtDeNtCPdthCt +5O(+:chiNdrestrCiPtCPchQrCIepQiPtsCrefittedtQsecuretherestrCiPt /QtQrc[cNeCPtiNQcMDrCMiPIs[steOs 4 heNptheriderOCiPtCiPcQPtrQNduriPI CPeOerIePc[DrCMiPIsituCtiQPCPdreducetheNiMeNihQQdQHCrQCdtrCHficcrCshCPd suDseSuePtiPLur[ Box 10: Establishing new e-bike standards in China %hiPC NiMeOCP[QthercQuPtries isseeiPICsurIeiPtheuseQHeDiMesŤsQOeestiOCtes iPdicCtethCtthereCreOiNNiQPsuchXehicNesiPusePCtiQPCNN[threeOiNNiQPQHYhichcCP DeHQuPdiP$eiLiPI#sthePCtureQHeDiMeshCseXQNXedtheeZistiPIstCPdCrdsestCDNishediP CrePQNQPIerreNeXCPtCPdCsCresuNteDiMessQNdCPdusediP%hiPCCrePQtstCPdCrdi\ed 9ithQutCPCpprQpriCtestCPdCrdOCP[XehicNesCreDeiPIOCPuHCcturedCPdsQNdCsŧeDiMesŨ YhePthe[CreessePtiCNN[OQtQrc[cNesthCtCrecCpCDNeQHIQiPIǡMO/hQrHCster*QYeXer the[CreCNNtreCtedCsDic[cNesCPdthusheNOetreSuireOePtsCPdspeedNiOitsCrePQtiOpQsed #ssuchthe[useDiMeNCPesCPdHQQtpCthsdesiIPedHQrCPdusedD[PQPOQtQrisedusers +P/C[CPeYstCPdCrdYCsissuedCiOiPItQiOprQXethereIuNCtiQPQHeDiMesCPdputtiPI CPePdtQtheprCcticeQHOQtQrc[cNespCssiPIHQreDiMes6hisstCPdCrdisDeiPIphCsediP
cQOOePciPIiP#priN #P[XehicNethCtOeetsthePeYstCPdCrd YhichisCNiIPedYith iPterPCtiQPCNprCcticeYithCspeedNiOitQHǡMO/h YiNNDecQPsideredCDic[cNeCPdPQtsuDLect tQreIistrCtiQP NicePsiPIQrheNOetreSuireOePtsǡ6hQseeDiMesPQtOeetiPIthCtstCPdCrd YiNNDetreCtedCsOQtQrc[cNesCPdsuDLecttQheNOetNCYsCPdNicePsiPIreSuireOePts#sthe OCLQrit[QHeDiMesiPcircuNCtiQPCreNiMeN[tQDePQPstCPdCrdthisstCPdCrdcNQsesCNQQphQNe thCtCNNQYedOiNNiQPsQHOQtQrc[cNeriderstQPQtYeCrCheNOet 5Qurce 'Nectric$ic[cNes)ePerCN6echPicCN4eSuireOePts)$ 'Nectric$ic[cNes)ePerCN6echPicCN4eSuireOePts )$ Box 11: Vehicle safety standards in India +PdiCistheHQurthNCrIestXehicNeprQduceriPtheYQrNdCPdPQYCppNiesPeYXehicNesCHet[ stCPdCrdstQpCssePIercCrsCPdOQtQrc[cNes+PiPdepePdePtcrCshtestscCrriedQutD[ )NQDCN0%#2Ũsŧ5CHer%CrsHQr+PdiCŨiPitiCtiXereXeCNedthCtsQOeQH+PdiCŨstQpseNNiPIOQdeNs YQuNdHCiNthe70ŨsHrQPtCNiOpCctcrCshtest(urther)NQDCN0%#2testsCtChiIherspeedCNsQ resuNtediP\erQstCrrCtiPIsiPdicCtiPIChiIhrisMQHHCtCNQrseriQusiPLur[ +Pthe+PdiCPIQXerPOePtCPPQuPcedtheCppNicCtiQPQHPeYreIuNCtiQPscQPsistePtYith the70stCPdCrdsHQrHrQPtCPdsideiOpCctCPdCNsQpedestriCPprQtectiQP(QrPeYcCrOQdeNs theuseQHHrQPtCPdsidecrCshtestscCOeiPtQHQrceHrQOOctQDerCPdYiNNCppN[tQCNNPeY cCrsHrQOOctQDer6hepedestriCPprQtectiQPreIuNCtiQPHQrPeYOQdeNscCOeiPtQHQrce HrQOOctQDerCPdYiNNCppN[tQCNNPeYcCrsHrQOOctQDer+PCdditiQPPeYcCrsCre reSuiredtQhCXeCirDCIsfittedCsstCPdCrdCPdtQhCXeCspeedYCrPiPIdeXiceCDQXeǡMO/h 6hecQODiPCtiQPQHthePeYreIuNCtiQPsCPdthe5CHer%CrsHQr+PdiCprQLectisrCisiPIcQPsuOer demand for key features such as airbags and acting as a strong catalyst for improved safety desiIPD[theCutQOQDiNeiPdustr[0eYOQdeNsCrePQYQPtheOCrMetthCtPQtQPN[cQOpN[ YiththePeYstCPdCrdsDutCNsQCchieXeIQQdscQresťiPcNudiPICOQdeNthCtCchieXedHQur stCrsiP)NQDCN0%#2teststhCtCreOQrestriPIePt6heprQductiQPQHQNderdesiIPsQHcCrs thCtcCPPQtpCssthePeYcrCshtestssuchCsthe6CtC0CPQYhichreceiXed\erQstCrsiP )NQDCN0%#2ŨsfirstrQuPdQHtestsiPisDeiPIphCsedQut6hePeZtchCNNePIeHQr+PdiC istQCcceNerCteuseQHeNectrQPicstCDiNit[cQPtrQNYhichiscurrePtN[fittediPQXerQHPeY pCssePIercCrsYQrNdYideDuttQNessthCPQHPeYcCrsiP+PdiC Chapter 5 ).O$#.56#6754'2O46O04O#&5#('6;2018 for the past 3 YEARS 6hepNCteCuiPrQCdtrCHficdeCths setCICiPstCiPcreCseiPINQDCN pQpuNCtiQPCPdiPcreCseiP OQtQri\CtiQPsuIIeststhCtrQCd sCHet[eHHQrtsQXerthepCst[eCrs hCXesCXedNiXes CHAPTER 6 POST-CRASH CARE 109 countries have a telephone number with national coverage to activate the emergency care 55% of countries have a formal process to train and certify prehospital providers 45% of countries have national or subnational trauma registries • Simple and affordable post-crash care interventions save lives. • Effective care for the injured requires timely care at the scene, prompt transport to appropriate emergency and surgical care at hospital, and early access to rehabilitation services. • The proportion of patients who die before reaching a hospital in low-income countries is over twice that in high-income countries. • Bystanders contribute by activating the emergency care system and taking simple, potentially life-saving actions until professional help is available. Key messages 68 A broad and integrated approach to post-crash care can save millions of lives and mitigate the short- and long-term effects of experiencing a crash to help survivors return to function and independence at hQOeCPdCtYQrM -e[eNeOePtsQHpQstcrCshcCreidePtified in the Decade of Action include structures to allow timely delivery of health services, data to inform policy and support quality care delivery, and legislation to ensure access to emergency care without regard to ability to pay (4). Building systems to ensure timely care for the injured Emergency care is at the core of the post-crash response. There is a series of time sensitive actions that are essential to provide effective care for the injured, beginning with activation of the emergency care system and continuing with care at the scene, transport, and facility- based emergency care. Rehabilitation – both in hospital and beyond, is essential to maximise the impact of emergency and surgical care and to limit the physical and psychological impact of injuries (18). Ideally, countries should designate a lead government agency with the authority to set system-wide standards and to coordinate prehospital and hospital-based care for the injured. Role of bystanders in the emergency care system Even the most sophisticated emergency care system is ineffective if bystanders fail to recognize a serious injury or do not know how to call for help. Bystanders contribute by activating the emergency care system and taking simple, potentially life-saving actions until professional help is available (80–82). To facilitate the important contribution of bystanders it is important that there is legislation in place to protect those who assist the injured. WHO’s Emergency Care System Assessments, carried out in over 30 countries worldwide, Countries should set up lead agencies to set standards and coordinate care for those injured in rRaG WraIfic crashes. Chapter 6 69 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 55% of countries have a formal process to train and certify prehospital care providers. found that many countries have no bystander protection laws or limited enforcement, and many countries report that those who CssisttheiPLuredeZperiePceCrCPIeQHseriQusfiPCPciCNNeICNCPd social consequences. To activate the emergency care system, ideally there should be a single telephone number that is valid throughout the country, easy to remember and available as a free call (6,80,83). This current report found that 109 countries have a telephone number with full national coverage. Among the countries that have conducted the WHO Emergency Care System Assessment, several report that less than half the population know the emergency care access number by memory. Care at the scene The proportion of patients who die before reaching a hospital in middle-income countries is over twice that in high-income countries (84). Despite the enormous potential impact of prehospital care, the current report shows that 55% of countries have a formal process to train and certify prehospital providers. In addition, the WHO Emergency Care System Assessments data show that most countries report either no ambulances available to travel to the scene of the crash or that the number of ambulances available is grossly inadequate to meet population needs. It is important to recognise that while the optimal system may be one that can quickly dispatch equipped ambulances with trained providers to the scene of the injury, there are many ways to improve care at the scene of a crash (3,80). For example, simple systems using mobile phones and targeted training of key lay groups (e.g. community leaders, police, and professional drivers) to provide basic interventions can bridge to professional care and improve outcomes (3,80). 70 Hospital-based emergency care for the injured Even short delays to care for the injured can mean lives lost. The WHO Emergency Care System Assessments have found that first-level hospitals in many countries lack dedicated emergency units altogether. Where these units exist, many lack essential equipment for diagnosis and treatment of injuries, and few have the protocols and checklists needed to ensure a systematic approach to every injured patient. They are often staffed only by providers working on a rotational basis who may or may not have the benefit of dedicated training in the care of emergencies: indeed, this report found that just more than half (54%) of countries have speciality training pathways in emergency medicine and trauma surgery. Beyond a staffed and equipped emergency unit, any facility that is certified to care for the seriously injured should have 24-hour access to operative and critical care services. However, most countries who have conducted the Emergency Care System Assessment report that less than a quarter of the population overall would be able to access a staffed operating theatre within two hours of serious injury. In addition, all assessed countries report inadequate numbers of qualified rehabilitation providers and long delays in accessing community-based rehabilitation services. Data and information to guide post- crash response Systematic hospital-based data collection is critical to both clinical quality improvement activities and targeted planning and prevention initiatives. Trauma registries are case-based databases that gather information on injury epidemiology, clinical interventions and health outcomes in order to identify and address specific gaps in care. In both high- and limited-resource settings, registries have been shown to Chapter 6 71 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 improve the quality of care and clinical outcomes, as well as allow for the identification of high-yield targets for prevention. Overall, the current report found that fewer than half (45%) of countries had national or subnational trauma registries in place. Over half of the world’s countries either have registries only in a few scattered facilities or no registry at all. To address this gap, WHO has recently established a Global Registry for Emergency and Trauma Care, and implementation has been initiated in a number of middle-income countries. In addition, it is essential for countries to establish policies that ensure effective crash investigation and equitable access to information for survivors and their families. 72 Box 12: A simple low-cost emergency care package in Uganda Emergency care in health facilities across Uganda is improving following a Ministry of Health scale-up of a WHO pilot intervention that halved the number of hospital deaths from emergency conditions (road traffic injuries, childhood diarrhoea, pneumonia, asthma and postpartum haemorrhage). Executed at a cost of US$ 3500 per hospital, this pilot included WHO basic emergency care training for hospital staff, the introduction of simple WHO emergency unit protocols (including checklists and triage) and identifying and organizing a simple resuscitation area with existing resources. In addition, Uganda has undertaken pilot implementation of the WHO Global Registry for Emergency and Trauma Care at regional hospitals around the country. The registry’s automated reporting functions allow data to be used to improve the quality of clinical care as well as to inform policy and planning. Chapter 6 73 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 74 CONCLUSION TAKING STOCK AND LOOKING AHEAD 1.35 million deaths each year 123 countries have road traffic laws that meet best practice for at least one of the key behavioural risk factors 88% of pedestrian travel is on 1- or 2-star roads 40 countries have implemented 7 or 8 of the priority UN vehicle safety standards 109 countries have a telephone number with national coverage to activate the emergency care system • The Decade of Action for Road Safety 2011-2020 has led to a remarkable increase in global attention, investments and efforts to reduce deaths and injuries on the world’s roads. • While progress has been made by countries in strePIthePiPIrQCdtrCHficNCYs iOprQXiPIthesCHet[ of roads and vehicles, and enhancing post-crash care, thePuODerQHrQCdtrCHficdeCthsCPdiPLuriesreOCiPs unacceptably high. • The progress that has been achieved has not occurred at a pace fast enough to achieve the SDG target 3.6 to reducerQCdtrCHficdeCthsD[D[ • Above all, accelerating progress will require increased political will and commitment at the highest level of government. Key messages 76 Summary of progress to date The number of road traffic deaths continues to climb, reaching 1.35 million in 2016, while the rate of death relative to the size of the world’s population has stabilized in recent years. The progress that has been achieved has not occurred at a pace fast enough to compensate for the rising population and rapid motorization of transport taking place in many parts of the world. At this rate, the SDG target 3.6 to halve road traffic deaths by 2020 will not be met. This review of key risk factors does show, however, that progress is being made in improving key road safety laws, infrastructure, adoption of vehicles standards and improving access to the post-crash care. As countries work over time to create sustainably safe environments for road use through improved planning, design, operation and investment in the safety quality of roads, vehicles and post-crash care, the combined publicity and enforcement of key safety legislation CONCLUSION 77 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 presents opportunities to achieve immediate and substantial road safety results. The review has found that the progress has been made across countries to bring laws into line with best practice with tePCdditiQPCNcQuPtries iPtQtCN CNiIPiPIYithDestprCctices QPCddressiPIdriPMdriXiPIfiXeCdditiQPCNcQuPtries iPtQtCN aligning with best practices on motorcycle helmet use, four additional cQuPtries iPtQtCN CNiIPiPIYithDestprCcticesQPtheuseQH chiNdrestrCiPts[steOsCPdthreeCdditiQPCNcQuPtries iPtQtCN aligning with best practices on the use of seat-belts. The number of countries with laws in line with best practices for speed management hCsPQtchCPIed iPtQtCN #sCresuNtQHtheseiPterXePtiQPs CPCdditiQPCNQPeDiNNiQPpeQpNeCrePQYcQXeredD[rQCdtrCHficNCYs that meet best practice. Progress is evident in the planning, design and operation of roads and roadsides, addressing high-risk sections and areas and in the take-up of a range of tools. Vehicle safety measures continue to OCMeCsuDstCPtiCNCPdeHficiePtcQPtriDutiQPtQreduciPIdeCthCPd serious injuries amongst car occupants. Despite the fact that only 40 countries have implemented seven or eight of the priority UN vehicle safety standards, there are signs of progress with countries such as +PdiCprQduciPIitsfirstHQurstCrXehicNe6hereCreCNsQsiIPsthCt access to post-crash care is improving. 6herehCsCNsQDeePsiIPificCPtprQIressiPCdXCPciPItheINQDCN road safety agenda. The Decade of Action has led to a remarkable increase in global attention, investments, and efforts to reduce deaths and injuries on the world’s roads. The increased recognition and political support for road safety have fostered an enabling ePXirQPOePtHQrtCrIetedCctiQPsCPdCreeZeOpNifiedD[seXerCN important developments. Examples of these include: ´ SDG targets 3.6 and 11.2 addressing road safety; The Decade of Action has led to an increase in global attention, investments, and efforts to reduce deaths and injuries on roads. 78 ´ 12 voluntary global road safety performance targets in support of the SDGs and new linkages between road safety and other public health and societal goals; ´ United Nations Road Safety Trust Fund to catalyse investments in road safety in countries; ´ reIiQPCNdCtCQDserXCtQriestQHCciNitCteDetterrepQrtiPIQHrQCdtrCHfic deaths; and ´ networks of legislators in Africa and the Eastern Mediterranean to facilitate the implementation of road safety legislation that meet best practice. These outcomes are not directly captured by this report, but they contribute iPcriticCNYC[stQstrePIthePiPIthefieNd#NQPIYiththeiPXestOePtsQH IQXerPOePtsfiPCPciersCPdpriXCteHQuPdCtiQPsthe[hCXeNCidtheHQuPdCtiQP for future efforts and are indicative of the momentum generated in recent years. Remaining challenges The results presented in this report, and the developments highlighted above iPdicCtesiIPificCPtOQXesHQrYCrdhCXeDeePOCdeQPrQCdsCHet[QXerthe past decade. Further progress will depend upon future success in addressing therCPIeQHsiIPificCPtchCNNePIesYhichreOCiP Increasing political will Despite a better understanding of the problem and its solutions, political will to carry out the necessary actions is often lacking. Too many countries still lack funded strategies, lead agencies and good laws that are enforced. Ensuring accountability Improving the safety of roads requires clear responsibility and accountability that cuts across sectors. Those who plan, design, operate and use the road system share responsibility for creating a road system in which crashes do Investments of government, financiers and private foundations, have laid the foundation for future efforts. 79 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 CONCLUSION not result in death or serious injury. This responsibility is shared across government, business, media and civil society, requiring alignment with a range of societal goals, careful governmental leadership and an effective safety performance framework. However, there needs to be clear responsibility for progress on the system as well as for each component. The establishment of lead agencies with appropriate capacity and related multisectoral coordination arrangements amongst the responsible agencies are a prerequisite for effective action. Strengthening data collection Robust data are a critical component for the attainment of any future target. Without the ability to assess progress and the effectiveness of efforts to reduce fatalities and injuries, countries will not be able to identify gaps in the system and deliver tailored improvements. As a result of the differences in definitions, reporting, and coding practices adopted by health, police, and insurance, the individual sources of data often provide an incomplete view of the actual situation. Building capacity Many countries are still struggling to establish capacity for sustainable safety management and the leadership, coordination and funding arrangements, which underpin better performance. Silo approaches to intervention persist and while there are examples of multisectoral activity and shared responsibility, these are atypical. Looking Ahead While many key elements of the road safety response are now well articulated, there is a failure of implementation and scale of response in most countries. Current action is insufficient to meet the targets and a large burden of unnecessary death and injury, particularly to the young, will remain without a change in political will, clear responsibilities and accountability, good data and capacity to act. 80 Experience shows that sustained gains in road safety only happen when a more integrated approach is taken. Going forward, it will be important to learn from experiences to date and address the factors noted above that hinder success. There is an urgent need for governments to scale up their road safety efforts in order to live up to their commitments made in the Sustainable Development Agenda 2030. The upcoming Third Global Ministerial Conference on Road Safety in Sweden in February 2020 will be a key opportunity to take a strategic view and set a road safety agenda for the next decade, including by setting a new global target on fatalities. 81 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 CONCLUSION REFERENCES 1. 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SECTION 2 COUNTRY/AREA PROFILES 92 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of P ub lic H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency No Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads — Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 655 357 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 407 608 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 68 090 Heavy trucks 81 416 Buses 20 589 Other 77 654 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 565 a (63% M, 10% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 5 230 (95% CI 4 502 - 5 958) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 15.1 a Tra c Police Department. Unlimited time period following crash Afghanistan Population: 34 656 032 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 580 Deaths by road user category Source: Tra c Police Department 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 90 km/h b Max rural speed limit 90 km/h b Max motorway speed limit 90 km/h b Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law No Applies to drivers and passengers — Helmet fastening required — Helmet standard referred to and/or specified — Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement — Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants — Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes b Speed limit set per vehicle type with a maximum speed limit of 90 km/h for fast moving vehicles, decreased by 20 km/h in mountain paths c Not based on BAC. Alcohol consumption legally prohibited Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 93 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Inter-ministerial Committee for Road Safety, Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2009-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 563 106 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 436 013 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 36 096 Heavy trucks 17 670 Buses 7 050 Other 66 277 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 269 a (81% M, 19% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 399 (95% CI 369 - 428) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 13.6 a Directorate of Road Tra c Police. Died within 30 days of crash Albania Population: 2 926 348 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 4 250 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 16% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 24% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 12%Cyclists 8% Pedestrians 39% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 1% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other <1% Source: 2016, Directorate of Road Tra c Police, Accidents Information System (AIS) Source: Directorate of Road Tra c Police, Accidents Information System (AIS) 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 40 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 5% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 75% Drivers c, 60% Passengers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 85% Front seats c, 80% Rear seats c National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint d Child restraint required Up to 4 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, Directorate of Road Tra c Police, Accidents Information System (AIS) c 2016, Directorate of Road Tra c Police d Children under 12 years can travel in the front if placed in an appropriate restraining device (with airbag deactivated for rear-facing restraint) Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 94 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Council of Road Trac Planning (CNVOT) Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles — Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 2 845 a (71% M, 29% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 6 797 (95% CI 5 304 - 8 289) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 23.6 a National Police and Ministry of Health. Died within 72 hours of crash Angola Population: 28 813 464 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 440 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 27% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 33% Pedestrians 41% Source: 2016, National Police Source: National Police 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.06 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.06 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 7 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 40% Drivers b, 15% Passengers b National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 40% Front seats b, 10% Rear seats b National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs/150cm Child restraint required Up to 12 yrs/36 kg/150 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, National Police Trends in reported road tra c deaths Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 95 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth an d th e E nv iro nm en t. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Antigua & Barbuda Transport Board Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 36 030 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 32 828 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 180 Heavy trucks 1 272 Buses 1 630 Other 120 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry — Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 8 a (88% M, 13% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 8 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 7.9 a Police Tra c Department Records. Unlimited time period following crash Antigua and Barbuda Population: 100 963 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 13 400 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 63% Cyclists 13% Pedestrians 25% Source: 2016, Police Tra c Department Records Source: Police Tra c Department Records 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit ~ 32 km/h b Max rural speed limit ~ 64 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol <1% d National motorcycle helmet law No Applies to drivers and passengers — Helmet fastening required — Helmet standard referred to and/or specified — Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement — Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants — Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes b Applies in the City of Saint John's and in designated "speed limit areas" c Not based on BAC d 2011, Police Tra c Department Report Trends in reported road tra c deaths Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 96 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of th e I nt er ior an d T ra ns po rt. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Agency (ANSV), Ministry of Transportation Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 30% (2016-2026) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 21 633 587 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 13 850 936 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 7 040 248 Heavy trucks 306 171 Buses 88 307 Other 347 925 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes a Electronic stability control No b Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers — National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 5 530 c (78% M, 22% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 6 119 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 14 a Only for new models b Mandatory as from 2018 under voluntray agreement with car makers but postponed to 2022 by the new government following Brazil ESC mandatory date. c Statistical Report 2016 of the National Directorate of Road Observatory, National Road Safety Agency. Died within 30 days of crash Argentina Population: 43 847 432 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 11 960 Deaths by road user category Occupants of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 47% Pedestrians 8% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 1% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 18% Cyclists 2% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 22% Source: 2014, Ministry of Health of the Nation "Mortality from injuries in tra c accidents" Argentina. Years 2005-2014. Directorate of Health Statistics and Information. Buenos Aires December 2016. Series 12 N ° 7 Source: National Directorate of Road Observatory, National Road Safety Agency. 12.0 12.2 12.4 12.6 12.8 13.0 2016201520142013201220112010 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl d BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl d Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash — Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 17% e National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 65% Drivers f, 44% Passengers f National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 41% Front seats f, 23% Rear seats f National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required Up to 4 yrs g Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement — % children using child restraints 26% f National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes d ≤0.2 g/l for motorcycles drivers. e 2015, OAD/Sedronar. (2017) Mortality related to the consumption of psychoactive substances f 2016, Observational study of road safety behavior, National Directorate of Road Observatory g A 2018 amendment (not covered in the review period ending at December 2017) raised the age for mandatory child restraint use to 10 years old Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 97 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Council Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles — Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 267 a (81% M, 19% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 499 (95% CI 469 - 530) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 17.1 a Annual statistics report, based on death compiled by provincial vital statistics authorities. Died within 30 days of crash Armenia Population: 2 924 816 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 760 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 29% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 30% Cyclists <1% Pedestrians 35% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Other 2% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1% Source: 2016, Road police data Source: Road police and vital registration data 0 100 200 300 400 500 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 90 km/h b Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.04 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.04 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 2% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 95% Drivers d, 90% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 70% Drivers d, 70% Front seats d National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint e Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b The limit in residential area is reduced to 60 km/h c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers d 2016, Road police data e Transport of children under 12 years in the front seat shall be made in a "child protecting device" Trends in reported road tra c deaths Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 98 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by D ep ar tm en t o f I nf ra st ru ct ur e & R eg ion al D ev el op m en t. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Not funded Fatality reduction target 30% annually (2011- 2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 18 326 236 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 16 946 125 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 828 965 Heavy trucks 430 997 Buses 96 582 Other 23 567 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes a Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 296 b (74% M, 26% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 351 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 5.6 a Australia has signed the UN127 for Pedestrian Protection as a Contracting Party but is not enforcing it b National Crash Database, Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development. Died within 30 days of crash Australia Population: 24 125 848 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 54 420 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 45% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 16% Cyclists 2% Pedestrians 14% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 3% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other <1% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 19% Source: 2016, Australian Road Deaths Database and National Crash Database Source: Australian Road Deaths Database and National Crash Database 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 - 130 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 - 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 17% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 8 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 99% Drivers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 97% Front seats e, 96% Rear seats e National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 7 yrs f Child restraint required Up to 7 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes c 2015, National Crash Database, Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development d 1997, Haworth N et al, Case-Control Study of Motorcycle Crashes e 2013, Petroulias T, Community Attitudes to Road Safety: 2013 survey report f In no circumstances are children under 4 years allowed to sit in the front. Children from 4-7 years can sit in the front only if there is no room for them in the back due to the back seats being occupied by other children under 7 years Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 99 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of Tr an sp or t, In no va tio n an d T ec hn ol og y. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency BMVIT - Federal Ministry for Transport, Innovation and Technology Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 7 421 647 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 4 821 557 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 816 477 Heavy trucks 440 368 Buses 9 825 Other 1 333 420 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 432 a (72% M, 28% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 452 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 5.2 a Statistics Austria (online). Died within 30 days of crash Austria Population: 8 712 137 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 45 230 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 44% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 22% Cyclists 11% Pedestrians 17% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 5% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other <1% Source: Statistics Austria (online) Source: Statistics Austria (online) 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement — Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.01 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement — % road trac deaths involving alcohol 5% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs c Enforcement — Helmet wearing rate 100% All riders d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate 95% Front seats d, 93% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required Up to 14 yrs/150 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement — % children using child restraints 97% Rear seats d National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, Statistics Austria (online) c Or until footrests can be reached d 2016, IRTAD Road Safety Annual Report 2016 Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 100 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency State Road Police Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 330 551 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 136 983 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 3 290 Heavy trucks 141 525 Buses 30 958 Other 17 795 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 759 a (77% M, 23% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 845 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 8.7 a State Statistical Committee and State Road Police. Died within 7 days of crash Azerbaijan Population: 9 725 376 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 4 760 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 26% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 25% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers <1% Cyclists <1% Pedestrians 42% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 4% Source: 2016, Internal statistical data of State Road Police Source: Azerbaijan national statistics (online) 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 90km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 15% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No d Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 40% Front seats c, 20% Rear seats c National child restraint law No e Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint e Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Law not based on BAC/BrAC c 2016, Internal statistical data of State Road Police d The obligation to use seat belt does not apply in residential areas nor for children under 12 years e Child restraint systems are only required for children under 12 years seated in the front Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 101 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Council (NRSC), Ministry of Road Transport and Bridges Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 2 879 708 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 613 149 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 980 246 Heavy trucks 158 379 Buses 64 608 Other 63 326 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 2 376 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 24 954 (95% CI 20 730 - 29 177) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 15.3 a Bangladesh Police. Died at scene of crash Bangladesh Population: 162 951 552 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 330 Deaths by road user category Source: Bangladesh Police (fatality data), World Bank (population data) 0 1 2 3 4 201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit ~ 112 km/h b Max rural speed limit ~ 112 km/h b Max motorway speed limit ~ 112 km/h b Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants — Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes b Speed limit set per vehicle type with a maximum speed limit of 70 miles per hour (112 km/h) for light vehicles c Not based on BAC Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 102 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Barbados National Road Safety Council, Ministry of Transport and Works Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 117 104 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 108 502 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2 154 Heavy trucks 5 530 Buses 816 Other 102 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 9 a (89% M, 11% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 16 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 5.6 a Royal Barbados Police force. Defined as died within one year and one day of crash Barbados Population: 284 996 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 14 830 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 33% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 33% Pedestrians 22% Drivers and passengers of buses 11% Source: 2016, Royal Barbados Police Force Source: Royal Barbados Police Force 0 6 12 18 24 30 201620152014201320122011201020092008 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 80 km/h b Max rural speed limit 80 km/h b Max motorway speed limit 80 km/h b Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 4 yrs Child restraint required Up to 4 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Speed limit set per vehicle type with a maximum speed limit of 80 km/h for specified vehicles including private motor cars c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers or commission of a tra c oªence Trends in reported road tra c deaths Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 103 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency The Permanent Commission of the Ensuring Trac Safety under the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 20% (2016-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 01.01.2017 4 192 291 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 3 067 501 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 415 761 Heavy trucks 414 364 Buses 43 602 Other 251 063 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 588 a (69% M, 31% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 841 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 8.9 a Ministry of Internal Aªairs, State Automobile Inspection Department. Died within 30 days of crash Belarus Population: 9 480 042 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 5 600 Deaths by road user category Source: Information about the State of of Road Tra c Accidents in the Republic of Belarus in 2016 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.03 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.03 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 14% (Drivers) c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint d Child restraint required Up to 5 yrs e Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers c 2016, Ministry of Internal Aªairs, State Automobile Inspection Department d If rear-facing child restraints, airbag shall be deactivated e For children aged 5-12 years, either CRS or "other means" (than CRS) can be used to secure the child using the seat belt Drivers of all vehicles 29% Passengers of all vehicles 20% Cyclists 9% Pedestrians 41% Other 1% Source: 2016, Information about the State of of Road Tra c Accidents in the Republic of Belarus in 2016 Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 104 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by N at ion al In st itu te fo r R oa d Sa fe ty. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency No Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2010-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 7 330 718 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 6 440 811 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 471 766 Heavy trucks 143 554 Buses 15 970 Other 258 617 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 637 a (76% M, 24% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 657 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 5.8 a Statistics Belgium. Died within 30 days of crash Belgium Population: 11 358 379 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 41 860 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 44% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 13% Cyclists 11% Pedestrians 12% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 4% Other 1% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 14% Source: 2016, Statistics Belgium Source: Statistics Belgium 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h b Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited for 3 or 8 yrs c Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 99% Drivers d, 100% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 92% Front seats e, 86% Rear seats e National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint f Child restraint required Up to 18 yrs/135 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes g Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 89% h National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b The 90 km/h speed limit applies on rural areas in Brussels capital region and Wallon region while there is a 70 km/h speed limit in the Flemish region c Restrictions vary depending on the type of motorcycles: children under 3 years are not allowed on mopeds and motorcycles, children under 8 years are not allowed on motorcycles over 125cc d 2013, Belgian Road Safety Institute e 2015, Belgian Road Safety Institute f Provided that airbag is deactivated if child is in a rear-facing child restraint system g All child restraints sold in Belgium must comply with UNECE regulation h 2014, Roynard, M (2015) Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 105 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Committee Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 0 deaths (2016-2030) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2007 56 094 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 45 336 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2 389 Heavy trucks 4 757 Buses 3 612 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 101 a (84% M, 16% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 104 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 28.3 a Ministry of Health Annual RTA Mortality Report. Died within 30 days of crash Belize Population: 366 954 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 4 410 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 11% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 8% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 20% Pedestrians 25% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 1% Other 24% Cyclists 12% Source: 2016, Ministry of Health Annual RTA Mortality Report Source: Ministry of Health, Annual RTA Mortality Report based on validated data with JICC 0 6 12 18 24 30 201620152014201320122011 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit ~ 40 km/h Max rural speed limit ~ 88 km/h Max motorway speed limit ~ 88 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers or commission of a tra c oªence Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 106 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Centre for Road Safety (CNSR), Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 469 761 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 238 436 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 195 157 Heavy trucks 19 747 Buses 311 Other 16 110 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 637 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 2 986 (95% CI 2 458 - 3 514) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 27.5 a Republic of Benin, Statistical Yearbook of Accidents 2015. Died within 7 days of crash Benin Population: 10 872 298 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 820 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 8% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 9% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 57% Cyclists <1% Pedestrians 17% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 7% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 1% Source: 2015, National Centre for Road Safety (CNSR) Source: National Centre for Road Safety (CNSR) 0 2 4 6 8 10 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law No Max urban speed limit — Max rural speed limit — Max motorway speed limit — Local authorities can modify limits — Enforcement — Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 25% Drivers c, 1% Passengers c National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants — Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law No b Not based on BAC c 2016, National Police Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 107 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of In fo rm at ion an d Co m m un ica tio ns . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Road Safety and Transport Authority (RSTA), Ministry of Information and Communications (MoIC) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target <8 deaths per 10 000 vehicles annually (2013- 2018) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for Till 30th April 2017 86 981 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 56 232 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 9 786 Heavy trucks 12 891 Buses 681 Other 7 391 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 125 a (67% M, 17% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 139 (95% CI 121 - 157) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 17.4 a Ministry of Information and Communications (MoIC), Road Safety and Transport Authority (RSTA), Tra c Police and Ministry of Health. Died within 7 days of crash Bhutan Population: 797 765 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 510 Deaths by road user category Source: Road Safety and Transport Authority (RSTA), Tra c Police, and Ministry of Health (MoH) 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 30 km/h Max rural speed limit 50 km/h Max motorway speed limit 50 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 108 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Vice Ministry of Public Safety, Ministry of Government Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 10% (2014-2018) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 711 005 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 032 581 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 391 219 Heavy trucks 146 703 Buses 124 805 Other 15 697 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 259 a (82% M, 18% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 687 (95% CI 1 532 - 1 842) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 15.5 a National Observatory of Public Safety, Bolivian Police data. Died at scene of crash Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Population: 10 887 882 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 070 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 61% Pedestrians 2% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 12% Drivers and passengers of buses 5% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 20% Source: 2016, National Observatory of Public Safety, Bolivian Police data Source: National Observatory of Public Safety, Bolivian Police data and INE 0 4 8 12 16 20 201620152014201320122011201020092008 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 40 km/h b Max rural speed limit 80 km/h b Max motorway speed limit 80 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 6% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 52% Drivers e, 3% Passengers e National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 4% Front seats e, <1% Rear seats e National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes b Can be increased to an unspecified speed under certain circumstances c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers d 2016. National observatory of Public safety, Bolivian Police data e 2013, Observational urban field study on the use of seat belts, child restraint systems in private vehicles and the use of helmets on motorcycles and mopeds in the Plurinational State of Bolivia Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 109 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of Ci vil A ªa irs . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Agency for Trac Safety of the Republic of Srpska, Ministry of Communications and Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2013-2022) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 978 229 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 840 280 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 14 399 Heavy trucks 79 135 Buses 4 275 Other 40 140 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 318 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 552 (95% CI 500 - 603) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 15.7 a Combined sources, including Federal Ministry of Interior and Ministry of Interior of Republic of Srpska . Died within 30 days of crash Bosnia and Herzegovina Population: 3 516 816 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 4 880 Deaths by road user category Source: Multiple sources, including Federal Ministry of Internal Aªairs and Ministry of Interior of the Republic of Srpska 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h b Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.03 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 21% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 51% Front seats d, 11% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs e Child restraint required Up to 12 yrs f Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 40% g National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Can be increased up to an unspecified speed c 2016, Ministry of Interior of Republic of Srpska d 2016, Auto Moto Association of Republic of Srpska e By exception, a child under 2 years can be seated in the front if there is no airbag installed or if the airbag is deactivated when the child is seated in a rear-facing seat f Children aged 5-12 years can be either restrained in a booster seat or in a child restraint g 2016, Auto Moto Association of Republic of Srpska (Data only for Republic of Srpska) Source: 2016, Annual report for 2016 of Brcko district, B&H tra c police unit and Ministry of Interior of Republic of Srpska Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n DATA NOT AVA I LABLE 110 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of Tr an sp or t a nd Co m m un ica tio ns . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Committee (NRSC) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 1995-2016 653 274 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 438 224 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2 250 Heavy trucks 28 208 Buses 18 841 Other 165 751 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers — National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 450 a (72% M, 28% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 535 (95% CI 465 - 606) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 23.8 a Botswana Police Service. Died within a year of crash Botswana Population: 2 250 260 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 6 610 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 23% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 40% Cyclists 2% Pedestrians 25% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Drivers and passengers of buses 2% Other 7% Source: 2016, Botswana Police Service Source: Botswana Police Service 0 7 14 21 28 35 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 4% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 5 yrs Child restraint required Up to 5 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, Botswana Police Service Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 111 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Trac Department (DENATRAN), Ministry of Cities Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 93 867 016 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 61 938 226 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 25 311 251 Heavy trucks 5 586 558 Buses 984 847 Other 46 134 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 38 651 a (82% M, 18% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 41 007 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 19.7 a Mortality Information System (SIM), Ministry of Health. Unlimited time period following crash Brazil Population: 207 652 864 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 8 840 Deaths by road user category Occupants of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 23% Pedestrians 18% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 21% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 31% Cyclists 3% Source: 2015, Mortality Information System (SIM), Ministry of Health Source: Mortality Information System (SIM), Ministry of Health 0 5 10 15 20 25 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 80 km/h b Max rural speed limit 60 km/h c Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population 0.00 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 7 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 83% Drivers d, 80% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 79% Front seats d, 50% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required Up to 7.5 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 57% e National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes b Can be increased up to an unspecified speed c This limit applies to unpaved roadways while on undivided highway the maximum speed limit is 100 km/h for automobiles, light trucks and motorcycles d 2013, IBGE, Directorate of Research, Coordination of Work and Income, National Health Survey e 2012, Child Restraint Use, Safe Kids Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 112 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency State-public Consultative Commission on the Problems of Road Safety Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 4 031 748 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 3 637 961 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 174 487 Heavy trucks 196 372 Buses 22 928 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 708 a (78% M, 22% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 730 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 10.2 a Chief Directorate "National Police", Ministry of Interior; National Statistical Institute. Died within 30 days of crash Bulgaria Population: 7 131 494 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 7 470 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 40% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 24% Cyclists 5% Pedestrians 17% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 4% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 2% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 8% Source: 2016, Chief Directorate "National Police", Ministry of Interior; National Statistical Institute Source: Chief Directorate "National Police", Ministry of Interior and National Statistical Institute 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 140 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol <1% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 80% Drivers c, 30% Passengers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 80% All occupants d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint e Child restraint required Up to 150 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, Chief Directorate "National Police", Ministry of Interior, National Statistical Institute c 2010, Tra c police monitoring d 2010-2013, Surveys of knowledge and attitudes towards behavioral change and healthy lifestyle skills e Provided that airbag is deactivated if child is in a rear-facing child restraint system Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 113 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of Tr an sp or t, Ur ba n Mo bil ity an d Ro ad S af et y. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Oce for Road Safety (ONASER), Ministry of Transport, Urban Mobility and Road Safety (MTMUSR) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 25% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 2 106 292 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 237 979 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 789 181 Heavy trucks 28 231 Buses 10 952 Other 39 949 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 878 a (72% M, 28% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 5 686 (95% CI 4 499 - 6 872) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 30.5 a National Police and National Gendarmerie. Died within 24 hours of crash Burkina Faso Population: 18 646 432 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 640 Deaths by road user category DATA NOT AVA I LABLE Source: National Police, National Gendarmerie, and National Institute for Statistics and Demography (INSD) 0 2 4 6 8 201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 5 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 9% All riders b National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 7 yrs Child restraint required Up to 8 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2008, Contextual study on helmet use to develop a national strategy for helmet use in Burkina Faso Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 114 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of P ub lic H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Trac and Road Safety Police, Ministry of Public Security Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for Juin 2017 111 236 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 32 488 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 28 269 Heavy trucks 2 876 Buses 2 775 Other 44 828 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number None Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 112 a (77% M, 23% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 651 (95% CI 2 926 - 4 376) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 34.7 a Statistical Yearbook 2015. Died within 30 days of crash Burundi Population: 10 524 117 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 280 Deaths by road user category Source: Statistical Yearbooks and National Health Information System, 2010-2015 0 1 2 3 4 201520142013201220112010 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes c Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 13 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law No b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers c Legislation requires drivers and passengers "and particularly those sitting in the front" to use a seat belt Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 115 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of In te rn al A dm in ist ra tio n. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency General Directorate of Road Transport (DGTR), Ministry of Internal Administration Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 64 955 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 47 354 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 7 595 Heavy trucks 10 006 Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 41 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 135 (95% CI 118 - 152) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 25 a National Police O ce, National Police Report. Died within 30 days of crash Cabo Verde Population: 539 560 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 970 Deaths by road user category Source: National Police, General Directorate of Road Transport (DGTR), and National Statistics Institute (INE) 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 7 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No c Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint d Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law No b Legislation refers to testing of drivers in case of crash c The legislation refers to the use of either child restraint systems or seat-belts for children d Children under 12 yrs/150cm shall normally sit in the rear except if placed in a suitable child restraint Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 116 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Committee (NRSC) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 3 751 715 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 97 239 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2 714 193 Heavy trucks 57 321 Buses 5 972 Other 876 990 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 852 a (80% M, 20% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 2 803 (95% CI 2 381 - 3 226) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 17.8 a Road Crash and Victim Information System (RCVIS). Died within 30 days of crash Cambodia Population: 15 762 370 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 140 Deaths by road user category Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 73% Cyclists 2% Pedestrians 10% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 4% Other 5% Occupants of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 6% Source: 2016, Road Crash and Victim Information System (RCVIS) annual report Source: Road Crash and Victim Information System (RCVIS) 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 40 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 13% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 70% - 43% Drivers c, 30% - 13% Passengers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No d Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes e Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs f Child restraint required Up to 4 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, Road Crash and Victim Information System (RCVIS) c 2016, Cambodia Helmet Vaccine Initiative (Percentages are for day- and night-time observations, respectively) d Obligation to use seat belts for all passengers only applies outside cities and densely populated areas. Inside cities and densely populated areas, only the driver and front seat passengers are required to wear a seat belt e Enters into force in January 2020 f Ban on children under 10 years travelling in the front seat enters into force in January 2020 Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 117 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of P ub lic H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency No Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2007-2016 758 145 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 879 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 7 066 (95% CI 5 670 - 8 463) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 30.1 a Ministry of Transport, and Police. Unlimited time period following crash Cameroon Population: 23 439 188 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 200 Deaths by road user category Source: Ministry of Transport, Police, and Gendarmerie 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 5 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law No Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 118 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by Tr an sp or t C an ad a. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Canadian Council of Motor Transport Administrators, Council of Ministers Responsible for Transportation and Highway Safety Funded in national budget No a National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target Continual downward trend in fatalities over time (2016-2025) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes b Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 23 923 806 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 22 067 778 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 709 258 Heavy trucks 1 056 219 Buses 90 551 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers — National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 1 858 c (70% M, 30% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 2 118 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 5.8 a A self-sustaining organization through membership fees and data services b At many provincial and municipal levels of government c Canadian Motor Vehicle Tra c Collision Statistics. Died within 30 days of crash Canada Population: 36 289 824 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 43 660 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 46% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 18% Cyclists 3% Pedestrians 15% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 3% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 4% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 11% Source: 2015, Canadian Motor Vehicle Tra c Collision Statistics Source: Canadian Motor Vehicle Tra c Collision Statistics 0 2 4 6 8 10 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS * National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 50 - 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit 80 - 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population 0.04-0.08 g/dl d BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00-0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes e Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 30% f National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 98% Drivers g, 98% Passengers g National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 95% Front seats h, 89% Rear seats h National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required — i Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 91% j National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes * These data take into consideration subnational laws. A criteria is answered "Yes" if at least 80% of the subnational entities meet the criteria d National BAC limit is set at 0.08 g/dl. However, in practice all subnational entities have provided their own BAC limits that are reflected in the range above. e Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers f 2017, The Alcohol and Drug-Crash Problems in Canada: 2014 Report; The Tra c Injury Research Foundation of Canada g 2016, Police observation h 2010. Result of Transport Canada's Rural and Urban Survey of Seat Belt Use in Canada 2009-2010 i Child restraint laws are enacted at subnational level. While all provinces require the use of child restraints, they provide diªerent age / height criteria to specify the period for mandatory use of child restraints / booster seats j 2010. Canada National Survey on Child Restrain Use, Completed for Transport Canada, in partnership with AUTO21 Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 119 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of Tr an sp or t a nd Ci vil Av iat ion . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Committee of Road Safety, Ministry of Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2014 37 475 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number — Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers — National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 193 a (85% M, 15% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 546 (95% CI 1 209 - 1 884) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 33.6 a Gendarmerie and hospital records. Unlimited time period following crash Central African Republic Population: 4 594 621 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 370 Deaths by road user category SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 5 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No b Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted c Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law No b Rear-seated child passengers under 12 years are not subject to the obligation to use a seat belt c Legislation only recommends ("as far as possible") to place children under 12 years in the rear Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 DATA NOT AVA I LABLE 120 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of P ub lic H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Infrastructure, Transport and Civil Aviation Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target From 4.4% to 2% (by 2018) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 124 000 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number — Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 122 (96% M, 4% F) a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 990 (95% CI 3 110 - 4 870) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 27.6 a Police Report and Hospital Register. From Jan-Oct 2016. Died within 7 days of crash Chad Population: 14 452 543 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 720 Deaths by road user category Source: National police (2016 data from Jan-Oct 2016) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 201620152014201320122011201020092008 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 5 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law No Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 121 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of Tr an sp or ta tio n an d T el ec om un ica tio n. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Trac Safety Commission (CONASET) Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 4 960 945 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 4 366 131 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 175 019 Heavy trucks 298 347 Buses 121 448 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 675 a (78% M, 22% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 2 245 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 12.5 a Integrated Statistical System of the Chilean Police (SIEC2). Died within 24 hours of crash Chile Population: 17 909 754 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 13 530 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 23% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 19% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 9%Cyclists 6% Pedestrians 36% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 4% Drivers and passengers of buses 2% Other 1% Source: 2016, Integrated Statistical System of the Chilean Police (SIEC2) Source: Integrated Statistical System of the Chilean Police (SIEC2) 8 9 10 11 12 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h b Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.03 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.03 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 13% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 99% Drivers d, 98% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 59% Front seats d, 14% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs Child restraint required Up to 8 yrs/135 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 73% e National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Can be increased up to an unspecified limit under certain circumstances. c Integrated Statistical System of the Chilean Police (SIEC2), includes driver, passenger and pedestrian deaths caused by alcohol. d 2015, Observation study of use of child restraint systems, helmet, and distracting driving and motorcycles, CONASET e 2015, Observation study of use of child restraint systems, helmet, and distracting driving and motorcycles, CONASET Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 122 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by N at ion al H ea lth an d Fa m ily P la nn in g C om m iss ion . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Inter-ministerial Convention on Road Trac Safety Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 6% reduction in mortality rate per 10 000 vehicles (2016-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 294 694 457 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control No a Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 58 022 b (94% M, 6% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 256 180 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 18.2 a However top 12 car makers (more than 70% of sales volume) committed to ESC standard as from 2018 b National road tra c accident situation in 2015, Tra c Management Bureau of the Public Security Ministry. Died within 7 days of crash China Population: 1 411 415 375 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 8 260 Deaths by road user category Source: Chinese annual statistics report on road tra c accidents in 2015 0 2 4 6 8 10 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 70 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population < 0.02 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol <1% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 20% All riders e National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 37% Drivers e National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers d 2015, Chinese annual statistics report on road tra c accidents e 2010, Study on behavioral risk factors of road tra c injury in Chinese adults Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 123 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by th e N at ion al R oa d Sa fe ty A ge nc y. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Agency Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 26% (2011-2021) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2017 13 477 996 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 5 388 100 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 7 512 036 Heavy trucks 414 836 Buses 147 921 Other 15 103 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 7 158 a (81% M, 19% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 8 987 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 18.5 a National Observatory of Road Safety (ONSV/ANSV), Based on Information from the National Institute of Legal Medicine And Forensic Sciences (INMLCF). Died within a year of crash Colombia Population: 48 653 420 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 6 320 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 4% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 5% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 53% Cyclists 5% Pedestrians 26% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 3% Drivers and passengers of buses 2% Other 3% Source: 2016, National Observatory of Road Safety (ONSV/ANSV), Based on Information from the National Institute of Legal Medicine And Forensic Sciences (INMLCF) Source: National Observatory of Road Safety (ONSV/ANSV), Based on Information from the National Institute of Legal Medicine And Forensic Sciences (INMLCF) 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 80 km/h Max rural speed limit 120 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.02 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 96% Drivers b, 80% Passengers b National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 64% Front seats b, 2% Rear seats b National child restraint law No c Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints 7.11% d National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, Observational study of road behavior in Colombia, Iberoamerican Road Safety Observatory (OISEVI) c A child under 2 years travelling with a driver only shall be placed in a child restraint. If there is an adult passenger, the child can be held by the adult instead of being placed in a child restraint. d 2016, Use of seat belt and child restraint system in Colombia, OISEVI Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 124 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of In te rio r, I nf or m at ion , a nd D ec en tra liz at ion . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Multi-sectoral Committee on Road Safety Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 34 898 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number None Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 23 a (96% M, 4% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 211 (95% CI 177 - 245) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 26.5 a Annual statistics of the National Gendarmerie. Died within 30 days of crash Comoros Population: 795 601 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 760 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 13% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 52% Pedestrians 17% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 17% Source: 2016, Annual statistics of the National Gendarmerie Source: Annual statistics of the National Gendarmerie 0 5 10 15 20 25 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes b Max urban speed limit — Max rural speed limit — Max motorway speed limit — Local authorities can modify limits — Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law No Applies to drivers and passengers — Helmet fastening required — Helmet standard referred to and/or specified — Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement — Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants — Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes b Tra c code refers to regulations to set maximum speed limits, regulations not available c Not based on BAC Trends in reported road tra c deaths Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 125 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of Tr an sp or t, Civ il Av iat ion an d Me rc ha nt N av y. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency General Directorate of Land Transport (DGTT) Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 20% (2017-2018) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles — Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 308 a (56% M, 19% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 405 (95% CI 1 124 - 1 687) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 27.4 a General Directorate of Land Transport (DGTT) Activity Report. Died within 30 days of crash Congo Population: 5 125 821 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 710 Deaths by road user category Source: General Directorate of Land Transport (DGTT) Activity Report 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 5 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 27% All riders b National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 4% Front seats b, 4% Rear seats b National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law No b 2015, General Directorate of Land Transport (DGTT) Investigation Report Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 126 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Road Safety Steering Committee Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target Zero crash-related deaths (2016-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for July 2013-June 2014 12 453 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 5 085 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 6 846 Heavy trucks 491 Buses 31 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 5 a (40% M, 60% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 17.3 a Cook Islands health information bulletin 2015. Unlimited time period following crash Cook Islands Population: 17 379 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ — Deaths by road user category Source: Cook Islands health information bulletin 0 10 20 30 40 50 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 50 km/h Max motorway speed limit 50 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 39% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes c Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants — Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes b 2015, Cook Islands health information bulletin c Obligation to use a helmet only applies to those riding on a motorcycle travelling above 40 km/h (except for specific provisions in Rarotonga - persons between 16 and 25 and visitors required to wear helmet at all speeds) Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 20% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 80% Source: 2015, Cook Islands health information bulletin Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 127 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Road Safety Council (COSEVI), Ministry of Public Works and Transportation Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 20% (2015-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads — Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 1 991 398 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 362 737 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 5 778 Heavy trucks 44 764 Buses 28 846 Other 549 273 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 795 a (87% M, 13% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 812 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 16.7 a Judicial Power, Planning Directorate. Died within a year of crash Costa Rica Population: 4 857 274 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 10 840 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 15% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 9% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 40% Cyclists 10% Pedestrians 25% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks <1% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other <1% Source: 2015, Judicial Power, Planning Directorate Source: Judicial Power, Planning Directorate 0 4 8 12 16 20 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 60 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 31% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 5 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 98% Drivers c, 92% Passengers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 75% Front seats c, 36% Rear seats c National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs/145 cm Child restraint required Up to 12 yrs/145 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2015, Judicial Power, Judicial Morgue (extraction of physical files) c 2016, Seat belt and helmet study, Road Safety Council, Ministry of Public Works and Transportation (COSEVI) Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 128 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of Tr an sp or t. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Road Safety Oce (OSER), Ministry of Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 50 % (2016-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 905 537 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 624 820 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 162 996 Heavy trucks 90 554 Buses 27 166 Other 1 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 991 a (76% M, 12% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 5 582 (95% CI 4 635 - 6 529) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 23.6 a Road Safety O ce (OSER). Died within 30 days of crash Côte d’Ivoire Population: 23 695 920 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 520 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 4% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 7% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 35% Pedestrians 40% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 5% Drivers and passengers of buses 8% Cyclists <1% Source: 2016, Road Safety O ce (OSER) Source: Road Safety O ce (OSER) and National Institute of Statistics (INS) 0 1 2 3 4 5 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law No Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 129 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency No Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 996 056 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 551 819 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 150 478 Heavy trucks 159 542 Buses 5 514 Other 128 703 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 307 a (79% M, 21% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 340 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 8.1 a Ministry of Interior. Died within 30 days of crash Croatia Population: 4 213 265 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 12 110 Deaths by road user category Source: Ministry of Interior 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h b Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 24% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 95% Drivers d, 95% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 62% Front seats d, 14% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 150 cm Child restraint required Up to 135/150 cm e Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Can be increased up to 80 km/h c 2016, Ministry of Interior d 2015, Faculty of Transort and Tra c Sciences, University of Zagreb e A child of height 135-150 cm can be restrained with an adult seat belt only provided that this child sits in the rear of the car Source: 2016, Ministry of Interior Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 35% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 14% Cyclists 9% Pedestrians 22% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 16% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 2% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 3% Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 130 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of M in ist ry of P ub lic H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Commission (CNSV) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 5 deaths per 100 000 population (2010- 2025) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 633 369 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 236 006 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 217 223 Heavy trucks 65 542 Buses 19 842 Other 94 756 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 750 b (80% M, 20% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 975 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 8.5 a Data available only for 2013 b Tra c Accident Registry. Died within 30 days of crash Cuba Population: 11 475 982 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 6 570 a Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 5% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 5% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 16% Pedestrians 33% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 12% Drivers and passengers of buses 7% Other 13% Cyclists 10% Source: 2016, Tra c Accident Registry Source: Tra c Accident Registry 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.01 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 33% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 7 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 95% Drivers e, 90% Passengers e National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 35% Drivers e, 30% Front seats e National child restraint law No f Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes c Random breath testing not addressed in the law d Systematic studies carried out since 1985, Institute of Legal Medicine e 2016, National Transit O ce f Children under 2 years shall be either accompanied by adults or restrained with special accessories Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 131 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Road Safety Unit, Ministry of Transport, Communications and Works Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2012-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 650 805 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 487 692 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 39 282 Heavy trucks 121 119 Buses 2 712 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 46 a (78% M, 22% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 60 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 5.1 a Cyprus Police. Died within 30 days of crash Cyprus Population: 1 170 125 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 23 680 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 24% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 11% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 22%Cyclists 4% Pedestrians 30% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 7% Drivers and passengers of buses 2% Source: 2016, Cyprus Police Source: Cyprus Police and Cyprus Statistical Service 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 65 km/h Max rural speed limit No Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 17% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 75% Drivers c, 68% Passengers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint d Child restraint required Up to 135/150 cm e Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, Cyprus Police c 2010, Cyprus Police d Provided that airbag is deactivated if child is in a rear-facing child restraint system e A child of height 135-150 cm can be restrained with an adult seat belt only provided that this child sits in the rear of the car Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 132 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency The Council of the Government of the Czech Republic for Road Safety Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 60% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 7 325 789 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 5 115 316 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 046 467 Heavy trucks 646 792 Buses 19 950 Other 497 264 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 611 a (76% M, 24% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 630 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 5.9 a Ranking EU Progress on Road Safety. Died within 30 days of crash Czechia Population: 10 610 947 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 17 570 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 37% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 17% Cyclists 9% Pedestrians 21% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 6% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 10% Source: 2016, Directorate of Tra c Police Service, Tra c accident statistics Source: Directorate of Tra c Police Service, Tra c accident statistics 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h b Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.03 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.03 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 10% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 98% Front seats d, 72% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint e Child restraint required Up to 36 kg/150 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Can be increased up to 80 km/h c 2016, Directorate of Tra c Police Service, Tra c accident statistics d 2016, Center for Transport Research, Public Research Institute e Provided that airbag is deactivated if child is in a rear-facing child restraint system Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 133 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Program for Road Safety (CNPR), Ministry of Transport and Communication Channels Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure — Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles — Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 385 a (81% M, 19% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 26 529 (95% CI 21 142 - 31 915) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 33.7 a National Program for Road Safety (CNPR), Kinshasa city. Died at scene of crash Democratic Republic of the Congo Population: 78 736 152 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 420 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 1% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 35% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 12% Pedestrians 52% Other <1% Source: 2016, Road Tra c Police (PCR) Source: Road Tra c Police (PCR) 0 100 200 300 400 500 201620152014201320122011201020092008 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h b Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.10 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.10 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law No b Tra c signs may on certain public highways provide for a higher speed limit not exceeding 80 km/h c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers Trends in reported road tra c deaths Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 134 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by D an ish R oa d Di re ct or at e. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency No Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target ≤120 fatalities by 2020 (2013- 2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 3 131 673 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 2 786 472 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 198 035 Heavy trucks 41 436 Buses 13 383 Other 92 347 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers — National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 211 a (73% M, 27% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 227 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 4 a Road Directorate, Tra c accidents for the year 2016. Died within 30 days of crash Denmark Population: 5 711 870 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 56 730 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 45% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 3% Cyclists 15% Pedestrians 17% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 16% Drivers and passengers of buses 1% Other <1% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 1% Source: 2016, Danish Road Directorate statistics (based on police data) Source: Danish Road Directorate statistics (based on police data), National statistics (Statistics Denmark) 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes b Enforcement — Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement — % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 5 yrs / 135 cm Enforcement — Helmet wearing rate 98% Drivers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate 96% Front seats c, 91% Rear seats c National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint d Child restraint required Up to 135 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement — % children using child restraints 97% e National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Speed limits can be modified at local level by the road authorities and the police c 2016, Danish Road Safety Council d Provided that airbag is deactivated if a rear-facing restraint is used e 2012, The Danish Road Tra c Investigation Board, Christian Skov Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 135 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Transport Board, Ministry of Justice, Immigration and National Security Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure — Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 35 796 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 25 812 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2 747 Heavy trucks 4 834 Buses 2 403 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 10 a (70% M, 30% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 8 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 10.9 a Death Registry. Unlimited time period following crash Dominica Population: 73 543 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 6 750 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 10% Pedestrians 10% Drivers and passengers of buses 10% Other 10% Cyclists 60% Source: 2015, Vital registration,Verified Police Records and Health Facilities Record Source: Death Registry 0 4 8 12 16 20 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law No Max urban speed limit — Max rural speed limit — Max motorway speed limit — Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement — Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law No Applies to drivers and passengers — Helmet fastening required — Helmet standard referred to and/or specified — Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement — Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 136 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by IN TR AN T. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Presidential Commission for Road Safety and National Institute of Trac and Land Transport (INTRANT) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 30% (2017-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 3 854 038 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 203 176 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2 096 196 Heavy trucks 41 385 Buses 92 144 Other 421 137 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 3 118 a (88% M, 12% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 684 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 34.6 a Combined sources. Died within 30 days of crash Dominican Republic Population: 10 648 791 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 6 390 Deaths by road user category Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 5% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 67% Cyclists 1% Pedestrians 17% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 3% Drivers and passengers of buses 1% Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 6% Source: 2016, Metropolitan Transportation Authority (AMET) Source: Metropolitan Transportation Authority (AMET) 0 6 12 18 24 30 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 60 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 8 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 27% Drivers b, 2% Passengers b National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 18% Front seats b, 5% Rear seats b National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs Child restraint required Up to 6 yrs c Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2014, Metropolitan Transportation Authority (AMET) c Children aged 6-12 years shall be placed in a booster seat Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 137 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by N at ion al Tr an sit A ge nc y. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Trac Agency, Ministry of Transport and Public Works Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 40% (2015 - 2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 1 925 368 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 358 713 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 431 215 Heavy trucks 111 608 Buses 17 826 Other 6 006 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 2 894 a (81% M, 19% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 490 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 21.3 a National Institute of Statistics and Census. Died within 30 days of crash Ecuador Population: 16 385 068 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 5 820 Deaths by road user category Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 19% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 1% Other 52% Cyclists 2% Pedestrians 20% Drivers and passengers of heavy buses 1% Occupants of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 5% Source: 2015, National Institute of Statistics and Census Source: Statistical Registry of General Deaths and the National Tra c Agency 15 17 19 21 23 25 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 120 km/h Max motorway speed limit 135 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.03 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.03 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 7% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 7 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 90% Drivers c,12-52% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 26% Front seats e, 2% Rear seats e National child restraint law Yes f Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs Child restraint required — f Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 15% e National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers c 2015, National Tra c Agency d 52% wear helmet if it is only one more passenger, 12% when there is more than 2 passengers e 2016, National Tra c Agency f The legislation refers to seat belt or child restraints for children under 12 years but does not yet specify a minimum age/height/weight under which only child restraint systems can be used Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 138 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Council for Road Safety, Ministry of Interior Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 2-5 % (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 8 412 673 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 4 966 129 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2 967 829 Heavy trucks 380 980 Buses 97 735 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 8 211 a (82% M, 18% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 9 287 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 9.7 a Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS) and Ministry of Health. Died within 30 days of crash Egypt Population: 95 688 680 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 460 Deaths by road user category Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks <1% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 21% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 6%Cyclists 1% Pedestrians 27% Occupants of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 45% Source: 2016, Ministry of Health Source: Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS) & Ministry of Interior 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 7 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Not based on BAC Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 139 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Vice Ministry of Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 008 080 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 727 412 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 209 214 Heavy trucks 60 320 Buses 11 134 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 215 a (84% M, 16% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 411 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 22.2 a Civil National Police. Define as unlimited time period following crash El Salvador Population: 6 344 722 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 920 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 16% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 16% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 14% Pedestrians 49% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Cyclists 1% Drivers and passengers of buses 1% Source: 2016, Civil National Police Source: Civil National Police and Institute of Legal Medicine 0 6 12 18 24 30 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Not restricted b Child restraint required Up to 2 yrs/15 kg Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes b Except for children under 2 yrs or 15 kg who are required to be transported in a child restraint Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 140 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of th e I nt er ior an d Lo ca l C or po ra tio ns . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency General Directorate of Trac and Road Safety, Ministry of the Interior and Local Corporations Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads — Investments to upgrade high risk locations — Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles 143 000 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2011) 41 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 300 (95% CI 221 - 379) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 24.6 a General Directorate of Tra c and Road Safety. Died at scene of crash Equatorial Guinea Population: 1 221 490 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 6 550 Deaths by road user category SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash — Enforcement — % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 5 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law No Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 DATA NOT AVA I LABLE 141 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Land Transport Authority, Ministry of Transport and Communication Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 5% (2012-2016) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 72 405 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 42 468 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 4 035 Heavy trucks 21 137 Buses 4 765 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 130 b (81% M, 19% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 255 (95% CI 1 025 - 1 485) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 25.3 a Data available only for 2011 b Eritrean Police 2016 Annual report. Died within 30 days of crash Eritrea Population: 4 954 645 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 520 a Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 10% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 26% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2% Pedestrians 25% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 12% Drivers and passengers of buses 15% Cyclists 9% Source: 2016, Eritrean Police 2016 Annual Report Source: Eritrean Police 2016 Annual Report 0 40 80 120 160 200 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 95% Drivers d, 95% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 80% Drivers d, 80% Front seats d National child restraint law No e Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 9 yrs f Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers d 2016, Eritrean Police e Legislation refers to the use of child restraint or seat belts for "children over 9" while children under 3 years are required to be placed in a restraint only while seated in the front f Except for an infant under 3 years fitted in a proper restraint Trends in reported road tra c deaths Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 142 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by Es to ni an R oa d Ad m in ist ra tio n. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Governmental Committee of Trac Safety, Trac Safety Department Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 51% (2015-2025) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 865 040 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 703 151 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 48 834 Heavy trucks 108 217 Buses 4 838 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 71 a (70% M, 30% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 80 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 6.1 a Police and Border Guard Board’s analysis and data warehouse information system. Died within 30 days of crash Estonia Population: 1 312 442 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 17 750 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 28% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 24% Cyclists 7% Pedestrians 31% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1% Drivers and passengers of buses 1% Other 4% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 3% Source: 2016, Police and Border Guard Board’s analysis and data warehouse information system Source: Police and Border Guard Board’s analysis and data warehouse information system and Statistics Estonia 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h b Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit No c Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.02 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 10% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 98% Drivers e National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 97 Front seats f, 82% Rear seats f National child restraint law Yes g Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — g Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 98% f National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Can be increased up to 90 km/h on certain conditions c No motorways in the country d 2016, Police and Border Guard Board’s analysis and data warehouse information system e 2015, Motorcyclist’s travel, driving and safety habits f 2016, Tra c Behavior Monitoring 2016 g The legislation generally states that children not tall enough to wear a seat belt must be secured by a safety device corresponding to the height and weight of the child but does not specify age/height/weight group covered Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 143 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Road Safety Council, Ministry of Works and Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 99 830 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 203 a (71% M, 29% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 361 (95% CI 296 - 427) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 26.9 a Royal Swaziland Police Annual Report. Unlimited time period following crash Eswatini Population: 1 343 098 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 830 Deaths by road user category Passengers of all vehicles 30% Pedestrians 44% Drivers of all vehicles 24% Cyclists 2% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers <1% Source: 2016, Royal Swaziland Police Annual Report Source: Central Statistics O ce 0 5 10 15 20 25 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 100 km/h b Max rural speed limit 100 km/h b Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h b Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Speed limit for public roads is 100 km/h for a road with a surface of concrete, bitumen or tar and 80 km/h for other roads c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 144 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015/2016 708 416 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015/2016) 4 352 a (78% M, 22% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 27 326 (95% CI 21 494 - 33 159) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 26.7 a Federal Police Commission. Died within 30 days of crash Ethiopia Population: 102 403 200 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 660 Deaths by road user category Source: Ministry of Transport 0 1 2 3 4 5 201620152014201320122011201020092008 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 70 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 4% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate <1% All occupants d National child restraint law No e Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 13 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers c 2012/2013, Ethiopian Federal Police Commission d 2013/2014, Ethiopian Federal Police Commission e Legislation requires that children under 7 years be either accompanied by an adult or "hugged by an instrument made for safety purpose" Trends in reported road tra c deaths Other 63% Pedestrians 37% De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 145 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by th e L an d T ra ns po rt Au th or ity . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Land Transport Authority Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 110 763 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 60 a (75% M, 25% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 86 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 9.6 a Fiji Police Force, Road Tra c Accidents Annual Report 2016. Died within 30 days of crash Fiji Population: 898 760 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 4 840 Deaths by road user category Source: Land Transport Authority, "Factsheet 4: Ratios - Population & Vehicle Registration Ratios over 10 Year Period" 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit — b Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 5% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 8 yrs d Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 80% Drivers e, 80% Passengers e National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 75% Front seats f, 5% Rear seats f National child restraint law Yes g Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required Up to 8 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes b No motorways in the country c 2016, Fiji Police Force, Road Tra c Accidents Annual Report d Except if motorcycle is fitted with one additional seat designed to transport children e 2016, Observation by Land Transport Authority (LTA) and Police enforcement o cers f 2016, Fiji Police Annual Booking Report g The obligation to use a child restraint for children under 8 years sitting in the rear is subject to the availability of a restraint system in the car Drivers of all vehicles 28% Pedestrians 37% Passengers of all vehicles 35% Source: 2016, Fiji Police Force, Road Tra c Accidents Annual Report Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 146 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by Fi nn ish Tr an sp or t S af et y A ge nc y. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Transport and Communications Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target < 136 fatalities by 2020 (2010-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 5 217 850 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 3 781 441 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 592 960 Heavy trucks 146 624 Buses 17 536 Other 679 289 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 252 a (81% M, 19% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 260 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 4.7 a Statistics Finland. Died within 30 days of crash Finland Population: 5 503 132 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 44 730 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 51% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 14% Cyclists 10% Pedestrians 11% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Other 4% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 9% Source: 2016, Statistics Finland Source: Statistics Finland 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 24% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 98% All riders c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 95% Front seats d, 85% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint e Child restraint required Up to 135 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 97% d National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, Statistics Finland c 2011, Finnish Road Safety Council, Research survey on moped drivers among students d 2016, Finnish Road Safety Council e Provided that airbag is deactivated if child is in a rear-facing child restraint system Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 147 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of th e I nt er ior . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Inter-ministerial Delegation for Road Safety, Ministry of Interior Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2010-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 42 363 000 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 37 920 000 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 3 800 000 Heavy trucks 550 000 Buses 93 000 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers — National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 3 477 a (76% M, 24% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 585 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 5.5 a National Interdepartmental Observatory of Road Safety (ONISR). Died within 30 days of crash France Population: 64 720 688 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 38 950 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 40% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 14% Cyclists 5% Pedestrians 16% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 21% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 2% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Source: 2016, National Interdepartmental Observatory of Road Safety (ONISR) Source: National Interdepartmental Observatory of Road Safety (ONISR, fatality data) 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 29% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 98% All riders b National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 98% Front seats b, 88% Rear seats b National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs c Child restraint required Up to 10 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, National Interdepartmental Observatory of Road Safety (ONISR). c By exception, children under 10 years can sit in the front if placed in a rear-facing child restraint (if front airbag is deactivated) or if there are no available rear seats Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 148 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency General Directorate of Road Safety (DGSR), Ministry of Transport and Logistics Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Not funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure — Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads — Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles — Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 54 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 460 (95% CI 382 - 538) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 23.2 a National Police Force (data for Libreville). Died within 30 days of crash Gabon Population: 1 979 786 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 7 210 Deaths by road user category Source: General Directorate of Road Safety (DGSR) 0 60 120 180 240 300 201620152014201320122011201020092008 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 5 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law No Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 149 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of Tr an sp or t, W or ks an d In fra st ru ct ur e. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Directorate of Planning, Ministry of Transport, Works and Infrastructure Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2005-2016 84 963 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 33 734 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 28 118 Heavy trucks 3 940 Buses 6 947 Other 12 224 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number None Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 139 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 605 (95% CI 484 - 726) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 29.7 a Gambia Police Force. Time period following a crash not defined in legislation Gambia Population: 2 038 501 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 440 Deaths by road user category Source: : Gambia Police Force and Gambia Bureau of Statistics 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit No Max rural speed limit No Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 2% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required Up to 5 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Not based on BAC c 2013, The Gambia Police Accident Statistics Unit Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 150 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by N at ion al Ce nt er fo r D ise as e C on tro l a nd P ub lic H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Economy and Sustainable Development of Georgia Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 25% (2016-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 126 470 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 919 199 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 63 083 Heavy trucks 93 497 Buses 50 691 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 581 a (54% M, 20% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 599 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 15.3 a Ministry of Interior Aªairs. Unlimited time period following crash Georgia Population: 3 925 405 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 810 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 20% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 24% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers <1% Pedestrians 27% Other 27% Cyclists <1% Source: 2016, Patrol police of the Ministry of Interior Aªairs Source: Ministry of Interior Aªairs of Georgia 0 5 10 15 20 25 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.03 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.03 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 9% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 70% Drivers d, 60% Front seats d National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers c 2016, Ministry of Interior Aªairs (Patrol police) d 2006, World Bank Survey on Seat Belt in Tbilisi Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 151 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by Fe de ra l H igh wa y R es ea rc h In st itu te (B AS t). INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure (BMVI) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 40% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 56 622 000 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 45 071 000 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 6 248 000 Heavy trucks 4 942 000 Buses 78 000 Other 283 000 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 3 206 a (73% M, 27% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 327 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 4.1 a Federal Statistical O ce. Died within 30 days of crash Germany Population: 81 914 672 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 43 660 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 36% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 12% Cyclists 12% Pedestrians 15% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 19% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other <1% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 5% Source: 2016, Federal Statistical O ce Source: Federal Statistical O ce 0 2 4 6 8 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit No b Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement — Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement — % road trac deaths involving alcohol 7% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement — Helmet wearing rate 99% Drivers d, 100% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate 98% Front seats d, 99% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required Up to 12 yrs/150 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement — % children using child restraints 97-99% d National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b There is no maximum speed limit on motorways c 2016, Federal Statistical O ce d 2015, Federal Highway Research Institute (BASt) Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 152 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by N at ion al R oa d Sa fe ty Co m m iss ion . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Commission (NRSC), Ministry of Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 2 066 943 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 171 169 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 515 507 Heavy trucks 153 923 Buses 210 997 Other 15 347 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 1 802 a (79% M, 21% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 7 018 (95% CI 6 056 - 7 980) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 24.9 a National Road Safety Commission (NRSC), National Accident Statistics 2015. Died within 30 days of crash Ghana Population: 28 206 728 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 380 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 5% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 7% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 18% Pedestrians 46% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 6% Drivers and passengers of buses 13% Other 2% Cyclists 3% Source: 2015, National Road Safety Commission (NRSC), National Accident Statistics 2015 Source: National Road Safety Commission (NRSC), National Accident Statistics 2015 0 2 4 6 8 10 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 42% Drivers c, 17% Passengers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 18% Front seats c, 4% Rear seats c National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 5 yrs d Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers or commission of a tra c oªence c 2015, National seatbelt and crash helmet usage survey d Under the road tra c act, children aged 5 years and below shall not sit in the front, while under the road tra c regulations they can sit in the front if placed in a child restraint Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 153 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by D ep ar tm en t o f T ra ns po rta tio n Pl an ni ng an d En gin ee rin g. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Inter-Ministerial Road Safety Committee Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target < 640 fatalities (2010-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 9 489 299 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 5 160 056 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2 969 879 Heavy trucks 1 332 823 Buses 26 541 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 824 a (80% M, 20% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 026 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 9.2 a Hellenic Statistical Authority (ELSTAT). Died within 30 days of crash Greece Population: 11 183 716 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 18 960 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 29% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 11% Cyclists 2% Pedestrians 18% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 5% Other 2% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 32% Source: 2016, Hellenic Statistical Authority (ELSTAT) Source: Hellenic Statistical Authority (ELSTAT) 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 25% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 5 yrs c Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 75% Drivers d, 46% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 74% Front seats d, 23% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required 135-150 cm e Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 67% d National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2015, Hellenic Statistical Authority (ELSTAT), National Technical University of Athens c Unless placed in an appropriate child restraint d 2009, National Technical University of Athens e The use of seat belt is allowed for children of height 135-150 cm sitting in the rear Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 154 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Transport Board, Ministry of Works Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 27 266 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 10 a (100% M, 0% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 10 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 9.3 a Royal Grenada Police Force Tra c Department and death certificates from the Epidemiology and Information Unit of the Ministry of Health. Time period for deaths not defined Grenada Population: 107 317 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 8 830 Deaths by road user category DATA NOT AVA I LABLE Source: Royal Grenada Police Force Tra c Department and death certificates from the Epidemiology and Information Unit of the Ministry of Health 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 20162015201420132012 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit ~ 32 km/h Max rural speed limit ~ 64 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes b Not based on BAC Trends in reported road tra c deaths Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 155 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by th e T ra ns it De pa rtm en t. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Transit Department, Ministry of Government Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 5.5% deaths per 100 000 population (2017- 2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 3 250 194 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 706 275 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 227 879 Heavy trucks 154 473 Buses 113 448 Other 48 119 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 2 058 a (84% M, 16% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 2 758 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 16.6 a National Observatory of Tra c Safety (ONSET), Bulletin 37, 2016. Died at scene of crash Guatemala Population: 16 582 469 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 790 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 8% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 11% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 33% Cyclists <1% Pedestrians 39% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 4% Drivers and passengers of buses 3% Other 1% Source: 2016, Tra c accidents database, National Civil Police. Source: Tra c accidents database, National Civil Police. 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 36% Drivers c, 11% Passengers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Not based on BAC c 2016, Observational study of helmet and vest, National Observatory of Tra c Safety. Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 156 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Program to Combat Trauma and Violence Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 259 731 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 187 165 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 72 566 Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number None Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 458 a (72% M, 22% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 490 (95% CI 2 903 - 4 077) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 28.2 a Police and Gendarmerie. Died at scene of crash Guinea Population: 12 395 924 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 490 Deaths by road user category Source: Police and Gendarmerie, Statistical Directory on Transport of the Republic of Guinea, 2nd Edition 0 150 300 450 600 750 2016201520142013201220112010 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law No Max urban speed limit — Max rural speed limit — Max motorway speed limit — Local authorities can modify limits — Enforcement — Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required Up to 18 mths b Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law No b The legislation refers to homologated seats for children under 18 months and to cribs and hammocs for children under 10 years Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 157 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of P ub lic H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency No Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 62 239 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 122 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 565 (95% CI 465 - 664) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 31.1 a National Transit Group. Time period following a crash not defined Guinea-Bissau Population: 1 815 698 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 620 Deaths by road user category Source: National Transit Group 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 6 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs/135 cm Child restraint required Up to 12 yrs/135 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 158 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of P ub lic S ec ur ity . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Public Security Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 15 694 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 8 846 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 3 505 Heavy trucks 1 356 Buses 785 Other 1 202 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 128 a (77% M, 23% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 190 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 24.6 a Guyana Police Force. Died within a year of crash Guyana Population: 773 303 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 4 250 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 11% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 13% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 22% Cyclists 13% Pedestrians 30% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 6% Drivers and passengers of buses 5% Source: 2016, Guyana Police Force Source: Guyana Police Force 0 7 14 21 28 35 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes b Max urban speed limit ~ 64 km/h Max rural speed limit ~ 64 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 17% d National motorcycle helmet law No Applies to drivers and passengers — Helmet fastening required — Helmet standard referred to and/or specified — Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement — Helmet wearing rate 50% Drivers d, 20% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 95% Drivers d, 95% Front seats d National child restraint law Yes e Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — e Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Speed limits set per vehicle type and road type - for motor cars, speed limits are: 30 mph (48 km/h) on restricted roads, 60 mph (96 km/h) on Timehri/Linden Highway and 40 mph (64 km/h) elsewhere c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers d 2016, Guyana Police Force e The legislation refers to child restraint sytem for children but does not specify the age/height group covered by this obligation Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 159 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by S ta te S ec re ta ria t o f S ec ur ity . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Directorate of Roads and Transportation, Secretariat for Security Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 694 504 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 987 829 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 602 837 Heavy trucks 63 094 Buses 40 744 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 407 a (83% M, 17% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 525 (95% CI 1 388 - 1 661) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 16.7 a Combined sources: National Observatory of Road Safety, Police Statistical System, and National Observatory of Violence. Unlimited time period following crash Honduras Population: 9 112 867 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 150 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 19% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 24% Pedestrians 28% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 5% Drivers and passengers of buses 3% Other 18% Cyclists 4% Source: 2016, Summary of Accidents, National Observatory of Road Safety, Statistical Police System (ONASEVIH/ SEPOL) Source: National Observatory of Road Safety, Statistical Police System and National Observatory of Violence 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes b Max urban speed limit — Max rural speed limit — Max motorway speed limit — Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.07 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.07 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 7% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No e Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation refers to regulations to set maximum speed limits, regulations not available c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers d National Observatory of Road Safety, Statistical Police System (ONASEVIH/SEPOL) e Legislation refers to the protection of children under 5 years but does not specify which form this protection takes Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 160 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H um an Ca pa cit ies . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency No Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2017-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 4 022 798 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 3 313 206 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 162 148 Heavy trucks 528 962 Buses 18 482 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 607 a (76% M, 24% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 756 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 7.8 a Hungarian Central Statistical O ce: Data collection No. 1009. Died within 30 days of crash Hungary Population: 9 753 281 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 12 570 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 28% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 17% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 11% Cyclists 12% Pedestrians 25% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 4% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Other 2% Source: 2016, Hungarian Central Statistical O ce: Data collection No. 1009 Source: Hungarian Central Statistical O ce: Data collection No. 1009 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population 0.00 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 7% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 100% Budapest, 92% Country road e National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 83% Front seats f, 39% Rear seats f National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required 135-150 cm g Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 67% h National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Any presence of alcohol in the body is prohibited c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers d 2016, Hungarian Central Statistical O ce e 2017, Institute for Transport Sciences f 2015, Institute for Transport Sciences g Children of height 135-150 cm can be restrained with seat belt only if they sit in the back h 2015, Institute for Transport Sciences, Roadside survey Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 161 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by Ic el an dic Tr an sp or t A ut ho rit y. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency The Icelandic Transport Authority (Samgöngustofa) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 289 501 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 264 998 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 10 573 Heavy trucks 11 068 Buses 2 862 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 18 a (72% M, 28% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 22 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 6.6 a Road Tra c Accident Report 2016, The Icelandic Transport Authority. Died within 30 days of crash Iceland Population: 332 474 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 56 990 Source: The Icelandic Transport Authority, Road Tra c Accident Report 2016 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 14% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted c Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 93% Front seats d, 86% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint e Child restraint required Up to 135 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 93% f National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2007-2016, The IceTrA accident database c Children who are 7 years or younger shall be placed in an appropriate child seat while children older than 7 years shall be able to have their feet reaching the pedals d Survey on attitudes and behaviour in tra c 2016 e Seating of children under 150cm allowed in the front only if front airbag deactivated f 2015, Transport Authority Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 56% Pedestrians 11% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 5% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 11% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 17% Drivers and passengers of buses 1% Source: The Icelandic Transport Authority, Road Tra c Accident Report 2016 Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 162 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of R oa d T ra ns po rt an d Hi gh wa ys . Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 6% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 12% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 40% Cyclists 2% Pedestrians 10% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 11% Drivers and passengers of buses 7% Other 13% Source: Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, Road Accidents in India 2016 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Road Transport and Highways Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 210 023 289 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 38 523 053 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 154 297 746 Heavy trucks 4 461 059 Buses 1 970 786 Other 10 770 645 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection Yes a Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 150 785 b (85% M, 15% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 299 091 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 22.6 a Mandatory from October 2018 b Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, Road Accidents in India 2016. Died within 30 days of crash India Population: 1 324 171 392 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 680 Deaths by road user category Source: Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, Road Accidents in India 2016 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 100 km/h c Max rural speed limit 100 km/h c Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h c Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.03 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.03 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes d Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 4% e National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 30% Drivers f, <10% Passengers f National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 14-40% Drivers g, 4-11% Front seats g National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes c Speed limit set per vehicle type with a maximum speed limit of 100 km/h for passengers cars comprising not more than eight seats in addition to the driver’s seat d Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers e 2016, Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, Road Accidents in India 2016 f 2015, The validity of self-reported helmet use among motorcyclists in India, Wadhwaniya et al g 2000-2015, Various journal articles and reports Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 163 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of Tr an sp or ta tio n. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Planning Agency (Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional - BAPPENAS) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 128 398 594 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 31 282 a (76% M, 22% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 31 726 (95% CI 27 277 - 36 176) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 12.2 a IRSMS Korlantas Polri. Died within 30 days of crash Indonesia Population: 261 115 456 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 400 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 2% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 3% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 74% Cyclists 3% Pedestrians 16% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other <1% Source: 2016, Indonesia National Police Source: IRSMS Korlantas Polri 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 71% All riders c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 69% All occupants c National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use No Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Not based on BAC c 2013, Average helmet and safety belt compliance across 42 cities enrolled in Wahana Tata Nugraha annual tra c and transport award Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 164 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth an d Me dic al Ed uc at ion . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Road Safety Commission, Ministry of Road and Urban Development Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 10% annually (2011- 2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016-2017 b 30 377 065 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 17 588 666 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 11 576 219 Heavy trucks 1 079 127 Buses 133 053 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 15 932 c (78% M, 22% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 16 426 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 20.5 a Data available only for 2014 b Based on Iranian calendar from 21 March 2016 to 20 March 2017 c Legal Medicine Organization. Died within 30 days of crash Iran (Islamic Republic of) Population: 80 277 424 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 6 530 a Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 20% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 28% Cyclists <1% Pedestrians 22% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 24% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Drivers and passengers of buses 1% Other 1% Source: 21 March 2016 - 20 March 2017 (Iranian Calendar), Legal Medicine Organization and Tra c Police Source: Legal Medicine Organization and National Statistics Center 0 8 16 24 32 40 2016-20172015-20162014-20152013-20142012-20132011-20122010-20112009-20102008-20092007-2008 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 95 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes d BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes e Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 2% f National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 59% Drivers g, 20% Passengers g National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 93% Front seats g, 15% Rear seats g National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes d Not based on BAC. Alcohol consumption is legally prohibited e Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers f 21 March 2016 - 20 March 2017 (Iranian Calendar), Tra c Police g 21 March 2016 - 20 March 2017 (Iranian Calendar), Tra c Police Field Surveys Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 165 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Supreme Council for Road Safety, Ministry of Interior Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Not funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 5 775 777 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 5 483 711 a Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 159 736 Heavy trucks 97 553 Buses 34 777 Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 4 134 b (78% M, 22% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 7 686 (95% CI 6 548 - 8 824) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 20.7 a Including Kurdistan b Combined sources including hospital and forensic medicine data. Unlimited time period following crash Iraq Population: 37 202 572 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 5 430 Deaths by road user category Source: Ministry of Health 0 5 10 15 20 25 20142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers No Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited d Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes c Not based on BAC d The law prohibits children to sit in the front but does not specify the age, size or weight of children concerned Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 166 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by D ep ar tm en t f or Tr an sp or t, To ur ism an d Sp or t. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency The Road Safety Authority (RSA) Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 25 deaths per million population by 2020 (2012- 2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 2 573 961 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 985 130 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 36 974 Heavy trucks 330 541 Buses 31 236 Other 190 080 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 188 a (74% M, 26% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 194 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 4.1 a Road Safety Authority Collision Database, 2017. Died within 30 days of crash Ireland Population: 4 726 078 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 52 560 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 43% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 20% Cyclists 5% Pedestrians 19% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Other <1% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 12% Source: 2016, Road Safety Authority Collision Database, 2017 Source: Road Safety Authority Collision Database 2017 and CSO website 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 39% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 99% Drivers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 94% Front seats d, 74% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint e Child restraint required Up to 36 kg/150 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2008-2012, Fatal Collisions 2008-2012, Alcohol as a Factor, 2016 c 2016, 2016 Observational Report on High Visibility and Helmet Wearing rates (only motorcycle drivers) d 2016, Mobile Phone and Seatbelt Observational Study 2016 e Provided that airbag is deactivated if child is in a rear-facing child restraint system Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 167 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Israel National Road Safety Authority (RSA) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 3 239 305 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 2 726 835 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 130 442 Heavy trucks 92 817 Buses 20 212 Other 268 999 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes a Electronic stability control Yes a Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 335 b (76% M, 24% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 345 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 4.2 a Required for cars made under US regulations - for European cars, no requirements further than ESC b Central Bureau of Statistic, Jerusalem, Israel. Died within 30 days of crash Israel Population: 8 191 828 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 36 190 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 26% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 20% Cyclists 3% Pedestrians 29% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Drivers and passengers of buses 3% Other 5% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 12% Source: 2016, Central Bureau of Statistics, Jerusalem, Israel and Israeli Police data Source: Central Bureau of Statistics, Jerusalem, Israel 0 2 4 6 8 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.01 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 4% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 98% Drivers d, 98% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 89% Front seats e, 70% Rear seats e National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required Up to 8 yrs f Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 52% g National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes c 2016, Israeli police d 2011, Israel National Road Safety authority e 2016, Israel National Road Safety Authority f For children under 3 years, a child restraint is required (and a rear-facing child restraint for children under one year) while for children aged 3-8 years the legislation refers either to child restraint or booster seat use g Observational survey (Figure for children aged 0-15 years buckled in accordance with the law) Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 168 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Transport, Directorate General Road Safety Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2010-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 52 581 575 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 41 322 370 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 9 354 428 Heavy trucks 885 513 Buses 97 817 Other 921 447 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 3 428 a (80% M, 20% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 333 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 5.6 a Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT) and Automobile Club of Italy (ACI) Survey on road accidents resulting in death or injury. Died within 30 days of crash Italy Population: 59 429 936 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 31 590 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 32% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 11% Cyclists 7% Pedestrians 18% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 26% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 2% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 5% Source: 2015, Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT) and Automobile Club of Italy (ACI) Survey on road accidents resulting in death or injury Source: Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT) and Automobile Club of Italy (ACI) Survey on road accidents resulting in death or injury 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h b Max motorway speed limit 150 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 20-25% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 5 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 98% All riders d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 62% Front seats d, 15% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint e Child restraint required Up to 150 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 38% d National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 110 km/h for main suburban roads, 90 km/h for secondary suburban roads c 2010, DRUID project on prevalence of alcohol and other psychoactive substances in drivers killed and injured (Isalberti et al., 2011) d 2015, Italian National Institute of Health e Provided that airbag is deactivated Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 169 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Council (NRSC) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target < 300 deaths (By 2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 541 316 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 418 945 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 14 090 Heavy trucks 107 815 Buses — a Other 466 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 379 b (84% M, 16% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 391 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 13.6 a Buses are included under heavy trucks b Jamaica Constabulary Force (JCF). Died within 30 days of crash Jamaica Population: 2 881 355 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 4 660 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 14% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 19% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 29% Cyclists 8% Pedestrians 22% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 4% Drivers and passengers of buses 3% Source: 2016, Jamaica Constabulary Force Source: Jamaica Constabulary Force (death data) and Statistical Institute of Jamaica (population data). 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit ~ 48 km/h Max rural speed limit ~ 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 6% Drivers, 2% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 54% Front seats d, 4% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes e Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — e Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers or commission of a tra c oªence d 2008, Jamaica Health and Lifestyle Survey (refers to use always or most times) e The legislation refers to child restraint system for children but does not specify the age/height group covered by this obligation Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 170 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth , L ab ou r a nd W elf ar e. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Central Trac Safety Policy Council Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target <2 500 deaths (within 24hrs) per year (2016-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 81 602 046 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 4 682 a (68% M, 32% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 5 224 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 4.1 a National Police Agency. Died within 30 days of crash Japan Population: 127 748 512 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 38 000 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 24% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 8% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 17%Cyclists 15% Pedestrians 35% Other 1% Source: 2016, National Police Agency Source: National Police Agency 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 60 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.03 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.03 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 6% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 98/95% Front seats d, 72/36% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required Up to 6 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 64% e National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers c 2016, National Police Agency d 2016, Joint study by Japan Automobile Federation (JAF) and National Police Agency. Percentages are for expressways and other roads, respectively e Joint study by Japan Automobile Federation (JAF) and National Police Agency. Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 171 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by Jo rd an Tr a c I ns tit ut e. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency No Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 502 420 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 750 a (79% M, 21% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 2 306 (95% CI 1 926 - 2 686) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 24.4 a Public Security Directorate (Jordan Police), 2016 Tra c Accidents Report. Died within 30 days of crash Jordan Population: 9 455 802 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 920 Deaths by road user category Drivers of all vehicles 38% Pedestrians 29% Passengers of all vehicles 34% Source: Directorate of General Security, Annual Reports of Tra c Accidents in Jordan 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 90 km/h Max rural speed limit 120 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation refers to alcohol testing in the case of reckless driving or in the case of a crash Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 172 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Internal A®airs Ministry of the Republic of Kazakhstan Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target ≤ 12 fatalities per 100 000 population by 2020 (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 4 383 120 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 3 835 609 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 9 692 Heavy trucks 439 167 Buses 98 652 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 2 625 a (74% M, 26% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 158 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 17.6 a Combined sources, including Committee on Statistics of the Ministry of National Economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Died within 30 days of crash Kazakhstan Population: 17 987 736 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 8 710 Deaths by road user category Cyclist 2% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 4% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 2% Drivers of all vehicles 60% Pedestrians 31% Source: 2016, Committee on Statistics of the Ministry of National Economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan Source: Committee on Statistics of the Ministry of National Economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan 0 7 14 21 28 35 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h b Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit 140 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl c BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.05 g/dl c Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol <1% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required — e Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes e Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Can be increased up to 90 km/h c Diªerent ranges are provided to characterize the degree of intoxication with the 0.05 to <0.15g/dl range corresponding to light intoxication d 2016, Committee on Statistics of the Ministry of National Economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan e The legislation requires that children under 12 years be placed in a child restraint or "other means" used in conjunction with a seat belt Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 173 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Transport and Safety Authority, Ministry of Transport, Infrastructure, Housing and Urban Development Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 2 979 910 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 2 965 a (83% M, 17% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 13 463 (95% CI 11 486 - 15 440) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 27.8 a National Transport and Safety Authority, 2016 Road Safety Status Report. Died at scene of crash Kenya Population: 48 461 568 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 380 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 12% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 25% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 24% Cyclists 2% Pedestrians 37% Source: National Transport and Safety Authority, 2016 Road Safety Status Report Source: National Transport and Safety Authority, World Bank, and Kenya National Bureau of Statistics 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 35% Drivers c, 3% Passengers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers or commission of a tra c oªence c 2010, Helmet wearing in Kenya, Bachani et al Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 174 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth an d Me dic al S er vic es . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency No Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target Zero deaths by 2019 (2016 - 2019) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for June 2016 - August 2017 3 706 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 2 547 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 757 Heavy trucks 4 Buses 398 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 5 a (60% M, 40% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 5 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 4.4 a Health & Police. Died within 24 hours of crash Kiribati Population: 114 395 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 380 Deaths by road user category Source: Health & Police 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 40 km/h Max rural speed limit 60 km/h Max motorway speed limit 60 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl b BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl b Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes c Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement — Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No d Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Reduced BAC limits introduced by the Tra c Act 2017, at December 2017, the notice of commencment had not yet been signed c Helmet provisions introduced by the Tra c Act 2017, at December 2017, the notice of commencment had not yet been signed d The Tra c Act 2017 requires children aged 1-16 years to be either seated in the back with a seat belt or restrained by passenger over 16 years Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 40% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 20% Pedestrians 40% Source: 2016, Health & Police Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 175 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency General Directorate of Trac, Ministry of Interior Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads — Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 2 001 940 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 628 834 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 19 193 Heavy trucks 264 567 Buses 54 633 Other 34 713 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 424 b (88% M, 13% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 715 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 17.6 a Data available only for 2015 b Tra c department, Ministry of Interior. Died within 30 days of crash Kuwait Population: 4 052 584 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 41 680 a Deaths by road user category Source: Ministry of Interior 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 45 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 80 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes c Not based on BAC. Alcohol consumption legally prohibited Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 176 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Commission for Road Safety, under leadership of the Prime Minister Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target Decrease mortality by 156 (2007-2016) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 993 000 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 812 a (74% M, 26% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 916 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 15.4 a National Statistical Committee. Died within a year of crash Kyrgyzstan Population: 5 955 734 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 100 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles <1% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 27% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2% Pedestrians 40% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks <1% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 30% Cyclists <1% Source: 2016, National Statistical Committee Source: National Statistical Committee 0 5 10 15 20 25 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No c Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint d Child restraint required — e Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Not based on BAC c The obligation to use seat belt does not apply in residential areas nor for children under 12 years d Children under 12 years travelling in the front of a car must be placed in a child restraint e Legislation only refers to the use of child restraints for children under 12 years travelling in the front Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 177 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of P ub lic W or ks an d T ra ns po rt. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Committee (NRSC) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 850 020 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 370 043 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 422 869 Heavy trucks 52 443 Buses 4 665 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 086 a (86% M, 14% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 120 (95% CI 946 - 1 294) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 16.6 a Department of Tra c Police. Died within 30 days of crash Lao People’s Democratic Republic Population: 6 758 353 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 150 Deaths by road user category Source: Secretariat to National Road Safety Committee (NRSC) 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 40 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit — b Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes c Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required Yes c Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law No d b No motorways in the country c The law states that children unable to wear normal seat belts must be placed in a child restraint seat but no specific age / weight / height is specified d Legislation banning drug driving only applies to bus and truck drivers Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 178 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by Ce nt re fo r D ise as e P re ve nt ion an d Co nt ro l o f t he R ep ub lic of La tv ia. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency No Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Not funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2010-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for on 01.01.2017 803 628 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 665 284 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 49 581 Heavy trucks 84 067 Buses 4 696 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 158 a (78% M, 22% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 184 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 9.3 a Road tra c safety directorate. Died within 30 days of crash Latvia Population: 1 970 530 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 14 630 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 28% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 16% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 12% Cyclists 4% Pedestrians 35% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 3% Other <1% Source: 2016, Road tra c safety directorate Source: Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia 0 5 10 15 20 25 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 11% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 150 cm d Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 85% Front seats e, 53% Rear seats e National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint f Child restraint required Up to 150 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers c 2016, Road tra c safety directorate d Or until the child can hold the balance and reach feet support or is sitting on a seat corresponding to its age and weight e 2016, Health behaviour among Latvian adult population, 2016 f Except if no seat belt is fitted in the vehicle, in which case children under 150cm shall be travelling in the rear Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 179 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by N at ion al R oa d Sa fe ty Co un cil . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Council Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads — Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 866 407 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 696 444 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 124 348 Heavy trucks 19 037 Buses 15 703 Other 10 875 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 576 a (78% M, 22% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 090 (95% CI 837 - 1 396) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 18.1 a General Directorate of the Internal Security Forces. Unlimited time period following crash Lebanon Population: 6 006 668 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 7 680 Deaths by road user category Drivers of all vehicles 28% Passengers of all vehicles 15% Pedestrians 37% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 21% Source: General Directorate of the Internal Security Forces (death data) and World Bank (population data) 0 3 6 9 12 15 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 70 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 10 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required Up to 5 yrs b Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation refers to regulations to further specify the child restraint rules Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 180 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Department of Road Safety Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles — Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number None Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 318 a (63% M, 37% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 638 (95% CI 544 - 733) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 28.9 a Police records. Unlimited time period following crash Lesotho Population: 2 203 821 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 210 Deaths by road user category Source: Police records 0 5 10 15 20 25 2017201620142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 60% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 75% Drivers b, 3% Passengers b National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, Police records Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 181 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth an d So cia l W elf ar e. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency No Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2012 1 085 075 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 073 438 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 3 780 Heavy trucks 396 Buses 7 461 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers — National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 175 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 657 (95% CI 1 299 - 2 015) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 35.9 a Liberia National Police. Died at scene of crash Liberia Population: 4 613 823 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 370 Deaths by road user category SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit ~40 km/h Max rural speed limit ~56 km/h Max motorway speed limit ~72 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.15 g/dl b BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.15 g/dl b Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 13 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants — Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes b Over this limit there is a presumption of alcohol impairement (from 0.05 to 0.15 no presumption established but the alcohol concentration can be used to decide on the guilt or innocence of the driver) Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 DATA NOT AVA I LABLE 182 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Department of Trac and Licenses, Ministry of Interior Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Not funded Fatality reduction target 3-5 % (2008 -2010, renewable every 3 years) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 3 553 497 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 2 821 285 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 828 Heavy trucks 624 243 Buses 8 248 Other 97 893 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 2 414 b (86% M, 14% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 645 (95% CI 1 234 - 2 171) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 26.1 a Data available only for 2011 b Department of Tra c and Licenses, Statistical report for road tra c crashes 2016 Libya Population: 6 293 253 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 4 730 a Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 39% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 36% Cyclists 2% Pedestrians 21% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2% Source: 2016, Department of Tra c and Licenses, Statistical report for road tra c crashes 2016 Source: Department of Tra c and Licenses, Statistical report for road tra c crashes 2016 0 15 30 45 60 75 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 85 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 1% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers No Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use No Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes c Not based on BAC. Alcohol consumption legally prohibited d 2016, Department of Tra c and Licenses, Statistical report for road tra c crashes 2016 Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 183 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by Ce nt re fo r H ea lth Ed uc at ion an d Di se as es P re ve nt ion . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency State Trac Safety Commission, Ministry of Transport and Communications Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 35%, from 92 to 60 deaths per 1 million population (2011–2017) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 1 391 568 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 295 018 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 37 753 Heavy trucks 51 941 Buses 6 856 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 192 a (74% M, 26% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 234 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 8 a Police Department, Ministry of Interior. Died within 30 days of crash Lithuania Population: 2 908 249 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 14 770 Deaths by road user category Passengers of all vehicles 16% Cyclists 9% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 6% Pedestrians 38% Drivers of all vehicles 31% Other 1% Source: 2016, Lithuania Tra c Police Service report Source: Police records and Statistics Lithuania 0 5 10 15 20 25 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h b Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.04 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 10% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 97% Front seats d, 30% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint e Child restraint required Up to 135 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Can be increased or decreased to an unspecified speed under certain circumstances c 2016, Lithuanian Tra c Police Service, Ministry of Interior d 2016, Road and Transport Research Institute e If transported in rear-facing restraints, airbag must be deactivated Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 184 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in sit ry of H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Sustainable Development and Infrastructure, Department of Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 01.01.2017 466 472 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 422 073 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 29 253 Heavy trucks 13 242 Buses 1 904 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 32 a (66% M, 34% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 36 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 6.3 a National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies (STATEC), Police Grand-Ducale. Died within 30 days of crash Luxembourg Population: 575 747 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 76 660 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 41% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 22% Cyclists 3% Pedestrians 25% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 9% Source: 2016, National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies (STATEC), Police Grand-Ducale Source: National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies (STATEC), Police Grand-Ducale 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 14% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs c Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 90% Front seats d, 76% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint e Child restraint required Up to 17 yrs/150 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies (STATEC), Police Grand-Ducale c And until the child is tall enough to adequately use the foot pegs d 2015, TNS ILRES/MDDI e Provided that airbag is deactivated if child is in a rear-facing child restraint system Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 185 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of P ub lic H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Intersectoral Committee for Road Safety (CISR), Ministry of Transport and Meteorology Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 5% (2015-2017) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 236 979 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 136 508 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 42 835 Heavy trucks 24 912 Buses 32 724 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number None Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 340 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 7 108 (95% CI 5 895 - 8 321) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 28.6 a National Gendarmerie. Died within 24 hours of crash Madagascar Population: 24 894 552 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 400 Deaths by road user category Pedestrians 47% All occupants 53% Source: 2016, Insurance Companies Committee (CEAM) Source: National Gendarmerie 0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 20112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h b Max rural speed limit No Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 5 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Can be modified up to 80 km/h Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 186 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Directorate of Road Trac and Safety Services, Ministry of Transport and Public Works Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 20% (2015-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles — Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 122 a (82% M, 18% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 5 601 (95% CI 4 590 - 6 612) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 31 a Road Safety Database. Died within 30 days of crash Malawi Population: 18 091 576 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 320 Deaths by road user category Drivers of all vehicles 6% Other <1% Passengers of all vehicles 25% Pedestrians 50% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 3% Cyclists 16% Source: 2016, Annual Tra c Accidents Report Source: Road Safety Database 0 2 4 6 8 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 26% Drivers b, 21% Front seats b National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, 2016 Seat-belt wearing and mobile phone use baseline survey Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 187 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Road Safety Department, Ministry of Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2014-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 27 613 120 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 13 123 638 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 12 677 041 Heavy trucks 1 191 310 Buses 59 977 Other 561 154 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 7 152 a (87% M, 13% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 7 374 (95% CI 6 482 - 8 266) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 23.6 a Tra c Investigations and Enforcement Department, The Royal Malaysia Police (RMP). Died within 30 days of crash Malaysia Population: 31 187 264 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 9 850 Deaths by road user category Source: The Royal Malaysia Police 0 6 12 18 24 30 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yesb Max urban speed limit 90 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol <1% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 91% Drivers e, 87% Passengers e National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 74% Front seats f, 10% Rear seats f National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law No b Speed limit set per vehicle and road type with a maximum speed limit for passenger cars of 110 km/h on highways and 90 km/h on other roads c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers or commission of a tra c oªence d 2016, The Royal Malaysia Police e 2016, Malaysian Institute of Road Safety Research (MIROS) f 2015, Malaysian Institute of Road Safety Research (MIROS) Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 188 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in sit ry of H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Transport Authority, Ministry of Economic Development Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Not funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 92 983 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 14 314 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 75 053 Heavy trucks 3 438 Buses 178 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 4 a (50% M, 50% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 4 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 0.9 a Maldives Police Service. Unlimited time period following crash Maldives Population: 427 756 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 7 430 Deaths by road user category Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 75% Pedestrians 25% Source: 2016, Maldives Police Service Source: Maldives Police Service 0 1 2 3 4 5 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 30 km/h b Max rural speed limit 30 km/h b Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law No c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement — % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers No d Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No d Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law No b Speed limit set per vehicle type with a maximum speed limit of 30 km/h for specified vehicles, except in designated areas with higher speeds c Alcohol consumption legally prohibited d Only required on roads where vehicles may be driven at a speed higher than the normal limit Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 189 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of Tr an sp or t. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Agency for Road Safety (ANASER), Ministry of Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 344 345 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 197 660 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 54 952 Heavy trucks 22 073 Buses — Other 69 660 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 541 a (88% M, 12% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 4 159 (95% CI 3 404 - 4 914) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 23.1 a National Agency for Road Safety (ANASER). Died within 30 days of crash Mali Population: 17 994 836 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 750 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 16% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 12% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 42% Cyclists 2% Pedestrians 11% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 4% Drivers and passengers of buses 10% Other 3% Source: 2016, National Agency for Road Safety (ANASER) Source: National Agency for Road Safety (ANASER), DNT, Police, and Gendarmerie 0 2 4 6 8 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.03 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.03 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol <1% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted c Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 6% Drivers d, <1% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes e Applies to front and rear seat occupants No e Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 20% Drivers d National child restraint law No f Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, National Agency for Road Safety (ANASER) c Children under 5 years traveling on motorcycles must be placed in a seat with tether belts d 2015, Spirit Survey Report e Seat belts are only required outside cities f Children under 13 years can be restrained either by a child restraint system or a seat belt Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 190 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M iin ist ry fo r H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Transport Malta Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2014-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 358 947 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 22 a (77% M, 23% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 26 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 6.1 a Vital registration data (mortality registry). Died within a year of crash Malta Population: 429 362 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 24 140 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 9% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 9% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 41% Cyclists 5% Pedestrians 27% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 9% Source: 2016, Malta National Mortality Register, Directorate for Health Information and Research Source: National Statistics O ce 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required Up to 3 yrs c Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers c Legislation refers to child restraint use for children up to 12 yrs / 150cm but allows children aged 3 years and over, in the absence of an available restraint, to travel in the rear without a restraint. For children under 3 years, a child restraint shall be mandatorily used Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 191 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Directorate of Road Safety, General Directorate of Land Transport (DGTT) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 25% (2012-2016) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles — Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number — Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 184 a (60% M, 40% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 064 (95% CI 891 - 1 236) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 24.7 a Directorate of Road Safety (DGTT). Died within 30 days of crash Mauritania Population: 4 301 018 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 120 Deaths by road user category SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 80 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No c Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes b Not based on BAC c The use of seat belt for rear seat passengers is only required outside urban areas Source: Directorate of Road Safety (DGTT) 0 50 100 150 200 250 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 192 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of P ub lic In fra st ru ct ur e. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Trac Management and Road Safety Unit, Ministry of Public Infrastructure and Land Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2016-2025) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 507 676 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 282 855 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 199 399 Heavy trucks 14 645 Buses 3 107 Other 7 670 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 144 a (94% M, 6% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 173 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 13.7 a Statistics Mauritius, Economic and Social Indicators on Road Transport and Road Tra c Accident Statistics, March 2017. Died within 30 days of crash Mauritius Population: 1 262 132 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 9 760 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 9% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 8% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 46% Cyclists 7% Pedestrians 31% Source: 2016, Statistics Mauritius, Economic and Social Indicators on Road Transport and Road Tra c Accident Statistics, March 2017 Source: Statistics Mauritius, Economic and Social Indicators on Road Transport and Road Tra c Accident Statistics, March 2017 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 90 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 24% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes d Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 97% Front seats e, <1% Rear seats e National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers c 2016, Forensic Scientific Laboratory d Reference is made to regulations to specify the types, shape and construction of helmets e 2011, Tra c Management and Road Safety Unit Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 193 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by S ec re ta ria t o f H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Council for Accident Prevention through its Secretariat (STCONAPRA) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 40 205 671 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 27 171 560 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2 608 659 Heavy trucks 10 067 394 Buses 358 058 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 16 039 a (79% M, 21% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 16 725 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 13.1 a Mortality Statistics, National Institute of Statistics, Geography and Informatics (INEGI). Unlimited time period following crash Mexico Population: 127 540 424 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 9 040 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 18% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 10% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks <1% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 41% Cyclists 1% Pedestrians 29% Source: 2015, Mortality Statistics, National Institute of Statistics, Geography and Informatics (INEGI) Source: 2015, Mortality Statistics, National Institute of Statistics, Geography and Informatics (INEGI) and National Council of Population (latter for population data) 0 4 8 12 16 20 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS * National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 20 -70 km/h Max rural speed limit 20-90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 45-110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 20% c National motorcycle helmet law No Applies to drivers and passengers No Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 83% Drivers d, 55% Passengers d National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate 49% Front seats d, 6% Rear seats d National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints 14% e National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use No Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes * These data take into consideration subnational laws. A criteria is answered "Yes" if at least 80% of the subnational entities meet the criteria b Not based on BAC in 19 out of 32 states c 2010-2013, Estimating the Drink-Driving attributable fraction of road tra c deaths in Mexico (Santoyo- Castillo et al, manuscript under peer-review) d 2016, Use of helmet, cell phone and speeding when driving: prevalence and associated factors in four Mexican cities (Hidalgo-Solórzano & Gómez-García) e 2014, Estimated use of child restraint in 2 Mexican States, STCONAPRA Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 194 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by D ep ar tm en t o f H ea lth an d So cia l A ªa irs . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency No Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES a Total registered vehicles for 2016 5 673 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 5 436 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 25 Heavy trucks 55 Buses 62 Other 95 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) a 2 b (100% M, 0% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 2 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 1.9 a Data for Pohnpei only b Pohnpei State Department of Public Safety and FSM Department of Health & Social Aªairs. Died within 24 hours of crash Micronesia (Federated States of) Population: 104 937 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 680 Deaths by road user category Source: Department of Health and Social Aªairs (HIS) - 3rd Global Status Report for Road Safety 0 1 2 3 4 5 2013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS c National speed limit law Yes d Max urban speed limit ~ 40 km/h Max rural speed limit ~ 40 km/h Max motorway speed limit ~ 40 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes e BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 100% f National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants — Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes c Legislation analysis takes into consideration subnational laws from Kosrae, Pohnpei and Yap (no data was available for Chuuk). A criteria is answered Yes if at least 75% of the subnational entities meet this criteria d Speed limits may be increased by the Governor (Kosrae and Yap) or by the Director of the Department of Public Safety (Pohnpei) e In Yap, a BAC limit is provided in the law. In Kosrae and Pohnpei, the law is not based on a BAC limit. No data is available for Chuuk. f 2016, Pohnpei State Department of Public Safety Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 50% Pedestrians 50% Source: 2016, Pohnpei Department of Public Safety Trends in reported road tra c deaths Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 195 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Road and Transport Development, The National Committee Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2012-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 841 537 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 547 299 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 42 751 Heavy trucks 175 648 Buses 6 823 Other 69 016 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 484 a (75% M, 25% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 499 (95% CI 471 - 527) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 16.5 a Health icators 2016, Center for Health Development. Died within 30 days of crash Mongolia Population: 3 027 398 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 550 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 17% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 22% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 19% Cyclists 1% Pedestrians 29% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Drivers and passengers of buses 1% Other 9% Source: 2016, General Police Department, "Statistics on road tra c injury and violation" Source: Center for Health Development, Health Indicators 2016 0 5 10 15 20 25 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.04 g/dl b BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.04 g/dl b Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 25% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted e Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Law based on breath alcohol concentration, values converted to BAC c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers or commission of a tra c oªence d 2016, General Police Department, "Statistics on road tra c injury and violation" e Children under 12 years can be transported on a motorcycle provided that there is a special support installed in the rear seat Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 196 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Coordination Body for monitoring the implementation of Strategy for the improvement of Road Safety Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2010-2019) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 211 219 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 184 623 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 4 362 Heavy trucks 13 445 Buses 1 308 Other 7 481 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 65 a (80% M, 20% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 67 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 10.7 a Statistical o ce of Montenegro (MONSTAT). Died within 30 days of crash Montenegro Population: 628 615 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 6 970 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 42% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 23% Cyclists 2% Pedestrians 14% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 15% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 3% Other 2% Source: 2016, Police Directorate Source: Statistical o ce of Montenegro (MONSTAT) 0 5 10 15 20 25 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.03 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes b Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 70% Drivers c, 30% Passengers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 40% Front seats c, 5% Rear seats c National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs d Child restraint required Up to 5 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes b As prescribed by the responsible state administration c 2016, Police Directorate d By exception, a child under 3 years can be transported in the front of the vehicle if placed in a rear-facing restraint provided that the airbag is deactivated Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 197 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of Eq uip m en t, Tra ns po rt an d Lo gis tic s. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Directorate of Road Transport and Road Safety, Ministry of Equipment, Transport, Logistics and Water Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 20% / 50% (2017-2020 / 2017- 2026) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 3 791 469 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 3 413 980 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 55 517 Heavy trucks 196 066 Buses 13 329 Other 112 557 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 3 785 a (83% M, 16% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 6 917 (95% CI 6 109 - 7 726) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 19.6 a Directorate of Roads. Died within 30 days of crash Morocco Population: 35 276 784 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 850 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 13% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 18% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 29%Cyclists 6% Pedestrians 26% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 2% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 5% Source: 2016, Directorate of Roads Source: Directorate of Roads (death data) and High-Commission for Planning (population data) 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population < 0.02 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 4% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 64% Drivers d, 31% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No e Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 63% Front seats d, 22% Rear seats d National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Alcohol consumption legally prohibited. c 2014, Directorate of Roads d 2016, National Committee for Road Accidents Prevention, Study on the measurement of behavioural indicators of road users e For rear seat passengers, seat belt required only outside cities Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 198 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of Tr an sp or t a nd Co m m un ica tio ns . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Land Transport Institute (INATTER), Ministry of Transport and Communications Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 698 864 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 379 a (76% M, 24% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 8 665 (95% CI 7 081 - 10 250) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 30.1 a Tra c police department. Died within 30 days of crash Mozambique Population: 28 829 476 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 480 Deaths by road user category Source: National Land Transport Institute (INATTER) 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 120 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.06 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.06 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 7 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs b Child restraint required Up to 12 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Except for infant under 3 years in a rear-facing child restraint with airbag deactivated Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 199 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Council (NRSC), Ministry of Transport and Communications Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Not funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for Till April 30,2017 6 381 136 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 516 707 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 5 391 505 Heavy trucks 59 680 Buses 28 383 Other 384 861 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 4 887 b (82% M, 18% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 10 540 (95% CI 8 860 - 12 219) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 19.9 a Data available only for 2015 b Tra c Police. Died within 30 days of crash Myanmar Population: 52 885 224 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 190 a Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 3% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 7% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 65% Cyclists 3% Pedestrians 14% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 3% Drivers and passengers of buses 1% Other 3% Source: 2016, National Injury Surveillance System (NISS) Source: Health Ministry Information System (HMIS) 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 48 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 21% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited e Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 32% Drivers d, 27% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 7% Drivers d National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes c Not based on BAC d 2016, National Injury Surveillance System (NISS) e Until footrests can be reached Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 200 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by N at ion al R oa d Sa fe ty Co un cil . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Council (NRSC), Ministry of Works and Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 6 March 2017 371 281 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 315 443 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 5 431 Heavy trucks 21 439 Buses 9 247 Other 19 721 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 731 a (72% M, 27% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 754 (95% CI 633 - 875) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 30.4 a Combined sources, including MVA Fund crash and claim data. Died within 30 days of crash Namibia Population: 2 479 713 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 4 620 Deaths by road user category Source: MVA Fund crash and claim data (fatalities) and National Census Report (population and projections) 0 7 14 21 28 35 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 120 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.079 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.079 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 4% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No c Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2011-2013, NRSC Alcohol Study Report 2016 c The law requires the use of child restraints for children (defined as people aged between 3-14 years) if available or the use of a seat belt if a child restraint is not available and an unoccupied seat fitted with a seat-belt is available Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 201 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Physical Infrastructure and Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2014/2015 2 339 169 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 187 014 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 547 312 Heavy trucks 56 250 Buses 52 388 Other 496 205 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 2 006 a (80% M, 20% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 4 622 (95% CI 3 928 - 5 317) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 15.9 a Nepal Police. Died within 30 days of crash Nepal Population: 28 982 772 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 730 Deaths by road user category Source: Nepal Police 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 2015-20162014-20152013-20142012-20132011-20122010-20112009-20102008-20092007-20082006-2007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 40 km/h b Max rural speed limit 80 km/h b Max motorway speed limit 80 km/h b Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes b Speed limit set per vehicle type with a maximum speed limit of 80 km/h for specified vehicles including cars, and a maximum limit of 40 km/h in an area with dense settlement c Not based on BAC Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 202 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of In fra st ru ct ur e a nd th e E nv iro nm en t. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment, Directorate-general for Mobility and Transport (DGB) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target ≤140 fatalities (2010-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 10 757 655 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 8 794 037 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 652 336 Heavy trucks 133 889 Buses 9 597 Other 1 167 796 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 621 a (74% M, 26% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 648 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 3.8 a Dutch Statistics, Vital Statistics. Died within 30 days of crash Netherlands Population: 16 987 330 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 46 310 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 30% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 8% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 21% Cyclists 30% Pedestrians 9% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 1% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other <1% Source: 2015, Dutch Statistics Source: Dutch Statistics 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 11-24% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 100% Drivers c, 84% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 97% Front seats e, 82% Rear seats e National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint f Child restraint required Up to 18 yrs/135 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2013-2015, SWOV factsheet DUI c 2012, PROV final report d 2008, BVOM, ‘Monitoring Bromfietshelmen 2008’ e 2010, BIA report f Provided that the airbag is deactivated if child is in a rear-facing child restraint Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 203 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of Tr an sp or t. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Land Transport Safety Team, Ministry of Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target Multiple (2010-2020) a SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 3 656 300 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes b Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 327 c (69% M, 30% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 364 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 7.8 a Targets vary for specific groups. See New Zealand Road Safety Strategy 2010 - 2020 b For new models as from 2018 c 2016, Motor Vehicle Crashes in New Zealand. Died within 30 days of crash New Zealand Population: 4 660 833 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 39 070 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 46% Cyclists 2% Pedestrians 8% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 16% Drivers and passengers of buses 1% Other 2% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 3% Passengers of 4-wheeled car and light vehicles 22% Source: 2016, Motor Vehicle Crashes in New Zealand Source: Motor Vehicle Crashes in New Zealand 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 27% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 97% Front seats e, 92% Rear seats f National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required Up to 7 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 93% g and 95% h National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes d 2016, Motor Vehicle Crashes in New Zealand (Percentages are for 0-4 years and 5-9 years, respectively) e 2016, National Survey of Seatbelts in New Zealand f 2014, National Survey of Seatbelts in New Zealand. g 2016, Ministry of Transport, Child restraint use by children under 5 years h 2016, Ministry of Transport, Child restraint use by children aged 5-9 years Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 204 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of Tr an sp or t. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Directorate of Trac and Road Safety (DC/SR), Ministry of Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 436 420 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 231 740 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks 11 389 Buses 10 676 Other 182 615 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 978 a (39% M, 61% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 5 414 (95% CI 4 273 - 6 554) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 26.2 a Ministry of Transport, 2012-2016 Statistics Yearbook. Died at scene of crash Niger Population: 20 672 988 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 370 Deaths by road user category Source: Directorate of Tra c and Road Safety (DC/SR) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit No Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants — Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes b Not based on BAC Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 205 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by Fe de ra l R oa d Sa fe ty Co rp s ( FR SC ). INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Federal Road Safety Corps Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 25% Annually (2014- 2018) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 11 733 425 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 6 732 639 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 302 410 Heavy trucks a 1 325 877 Buses 2 372 499 Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 5 053 b (79% M, 21% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 39 802 (95% CI 32 076 - 47 529) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 21.4 a All trucks included b Federal Road Safety Corps. Died within 30 days of crash Nigeria Population: 185 989 632 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 450 Deaths by road user category Source: Federal Road Safety Corps 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 c BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.002 d Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol <1% e National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 7 yrs Child restraint required Up to 7 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes c The legislation, as amended in 2016, refers to an alcohol legal limit of "0.05" for the general population but does not specify the unit to consider d The legislation, as amended in 2016, refers to an alcohol legal limit of "0.002" for young or novice drivers but does not specify the unit to consider e 2016, Federal Road Safety Corps Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 206 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by N or we gia n Pu bl ic Ro ad A dm in ist ra tio n. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency The Norwegian Public Road Administration Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target Deaths and serious injuries ≤500 (2014-2023) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 3 969 612 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 3 147 101 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 305 265 Heavy trucks 74 622 Buses 16 258 Other 426 366 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 135 a (82% M, 18% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 143 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 2.7 a Statistics Norway. Died within 30 days of crash Norway Population: 5 254 694 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 82 330 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 39% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 11% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 17% Cyclists 9% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 4% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 8% Pedestrians 12% Source: 2016, Norwegian Public Roads database (STRAKS) Source: Statistics Norway 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.02 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 13% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 99% Drivers c, 99% Passengers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 96-98% Drivers d, 95-96% Front seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint e Child restraint required 135-150 cm f Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2015, Road safety, environmental and technology department, 2015 state of road safety report c 2010, Statistics Norway d 2016, The Norwegian Public Road Administration (Percentages reflect "urban" and "outside urban" areas, respectively) e Provided that the airbag is deactivated if child is in a rear-facing child restraint f Child restraints are required for children under 150 cm. By exception, children of height 135-150 cm can be restrained with a seat belt only if sitting in the rear Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 207 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Committee for Road Safety Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 25% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 370 913 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 162 446 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 7 337 Heavy trucks 159 778 Buses 41 352 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 692 b (86% M, 14% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 713 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 16.1 a Data available only for 2015 b Royal Oman Police. Died within 30 days of crash Oman Population: 4 424 762 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 18 080 a Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 36% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 29% Cyclists <1% Pedestrians 23% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 3% Drivers and passengers of buses 5% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 4% Source: 2016, Royal Oman Police Source: Royal Oman Police and The National Centre for Information and Statistics 0 8 16 24 32 40 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit — Max rural speed limit — Max motorway speed limit — Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol <1% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 98% Drivers e, 92% Passengers e National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 98% Drivers e National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required Up to 4 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes c Not based on BAC d 2016, Royal Oman Police, Facts and figures e 2016, Royal Oman Police Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 208 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of N at ion al H ea lth S er vic es , R eg ul at ion s a nd Co or din at ion . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Communication Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 18 352 500 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 2 835 400 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 13 538 200 Heavy trucks 259 900 Buses 229 200 Other 1 489 800 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 4 448 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 27 582 (95% CI 23 243 - 31 920) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 14.3 a Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (Police records of provinces). Died at scene of crash Pakistan Population: 193 203 472 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 510 Deaths by road user category Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (police records of provinces) 0 1 2 3 4 2015-20162014-20152013-20142012-20132011-20122010-20112009-20102008-20092007-20082006-2007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 90 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 10% All riders c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Not based on BAC. Alcohol consumption legally prohibited c 2013, Road Tra c Injury Research & Prevention Centre, Karachi Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 209 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Trac and Ground Transport Authority (ATTT) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 15% of mortality rate per 100 000 population (2011- 2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 288 573 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 968 516 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 62 948 Heavy trucks 107 713 Buses 44 193 Other 105 203 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 440 a (85% M, 15% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 575 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 14.3 a Tra c Operations Directorate, National Police. Died within 30 days of crash Panama Population: 4 034 119 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 12 140 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 17% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 15% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 4%Pedestrians 40% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 4% Drivers and passengers of buses 2% Other 11% Cyclists 6% Source: 2015, Comptroller General of the Republic of Panama Source: Tra c Operations Directorate, National Police 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 80 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No b Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 5 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes b Children under 2 years shall be placed in a child restraint only where there is no other passenger seated in the rear Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 210 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by R oa d T ra c A ut ho rit y. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Road Trac Authority (RTA), Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 100 993 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 66 017 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 289 Heavy trucks 22 072 Buses 11 615 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 158 b (79% M, 21% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 145 (95% CI 991 - 1 298) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 14.2 a Data available only for 2014 b Tra c Police. Died within 30 days of crash Papua New Guinea Population: 8 084 991 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 160 a Deaths by road user category Source: National Road Safety Council 0 1 2 3 4 5 20132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 75 km/h Max motorway speed limit — Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement — Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement — % road trac deaths involving alcohol 56% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement — Helmet wearing rate 7.9% All riders National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted e Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes c Law not based on BAC d 2013, Royal Papua New Guinea Constabulary Police records e Children can sit in the front as long as they are using a seat belt Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 5% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 47% Pedestrians 47% Source: 2016, Tra c Police Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 211 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by N at ion al Tr an sit an d Ro ad S af et y A ge nc y. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Transit and Road Safety Agency Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 20% (2013-2018) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 871 947 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 567 388 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 624 202 Heavy trucks 75 247 Buses 18 456 Other 586 654 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 202 a (83% M, 17% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 529 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 22.7 a General Directorate of Strategic Health Information (DIGIES). Died within 30 days of crash Paraguay Population: 6 725 308 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 4 070 Deaths by road user category Drivers and passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 16% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 52% Cyclists <1% Pedestrians 23% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 1% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 8% Source: 2016, General Directorate of Strategic Health Information (DIGIES) Source: General Directorate of Strategic Health Information (DIGIES) 0 5 10 15 20 25 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population 0.00 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required Up to 5 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 212 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Council Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target From 10 to 6 deaths per 100 000 population (2016-2021) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads — Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 5 604 789 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 2 262 416 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2 943 070 Heavy trucks 319 184 Buses 80 119 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 2 696 a (77% M, 23% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 4 286 (95% CI 3 898 - 4 674) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 13.5 a Peruvian National Police. Died at scene of crash Peru Population: 31 773 840 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 5 950 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 2% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles <1% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers <1% Other 88% Cyclists <1% Pedestrians 8% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks <1% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Source: 2013, Ministry of Health, Vital System Source: Peruvian National Police 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 60 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 9% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 70% Drivers c, 8% Passengers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 16% Front seats d, <1% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs Child restraint required Up to 3 yrs e Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints <1 d National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, Peruvian National Police c 2014, Technical Secretariat of Road Safety d 2014, Observational urban study on the use of seat belt and child restraint system e Legislation requires the use of the seat belt for children from 3-12 years old Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 213 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by D ep ar tm en t o f H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Department of Transportation (DOTr) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 9 251 565 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 3 434 329 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 5 329 770 Heavy trucks 407 357 Buses 29 794 Other 50 315 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 10 012 a (81% M, 19% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 12 690 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 12.3 a Philippine Statistical Authority, Civil Registration and Vital Statistics. Unlimited time period following crash Philippines Population: 103 320 224 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 580 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles <1% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles <1% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 5% Other 94% Cyclists <1% Pedestrians 1% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks <1% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Source: 2015, Philippine Statistical Authority, Civil Registration and Vital Statistics Source: Philippine Statistical Authority, Civil Registration and Vital Statistics 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 40 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted c Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 87% Drivers d, 51% All riders d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 80% Drivers e National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 6 yrs d Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers c Child passengers on motorcycles are restricted in specific circumstances only (heavy volume of vehicles, high density of fast moving vehicles, speed limit over 60 km/h) d 2010, “Prevalence of Road Tra c Injury Risk Factors in the Province of Guimaras” e Ban on front seating set for children aged 6 years and below b Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 214 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Council Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2013-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 27 409 106 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 20 723 423 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2 531 520 Heavy trucks 3 098 376 Buses 109 844 Other 945 943 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 3 026 a (75% M, 25% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 698 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 9.7 a SEWiK Police Database (Tra c accidents and collisions reporting system). Died within 30 days of crash Poland Population: 38 224 408 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 12 680 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 29% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 18% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 11% Cyclists 9% Pedestrians 29% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 3% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 1% Source: 2016, SEWiK Police Database (Tra c accidents and collisions reporting system) Source: SEWiK Police Database (Tra c accidents and collisions reporting system) 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h b Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 140 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.02 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 13% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted d Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 99% Drivers e, 100% Passengers e National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 96% Front seats f, 76% Rear seats f National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint g Child restraint required 135-150 cm h Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 93% i National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 60 km/h from 23:00 - 05:00 c 2016, SEWiK Police Database (Tra c accidents and collisions reporting system) d Speed limit for motorcycles transporting a child under 7 years is limited to 40 km/h e 2015, Ministry of Infrastructure and Development, Using of motorcycle helmet in Poland 2015 f 2015, Ministry of Infrastructure and Development, Using of seat belts in Poland 2015 g Provided that airbag is deactivated if child is in a rear-facing restraint h Child restraints are required for children under 150 cm. By exception, children of height 135-150 cm can be restrained with a seat belt only if sitting in the rear i 2015, Ministry of Infrastructure and Development, Using of child restraints device in Poland 2015a Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 215 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Authority for Road Safety, Ministry of Internal Administration Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 41 deaths per million people (2016-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 6 590 094 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 5 970 710 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 506 400 Heavy trucks 98 267 Buses 14 717 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 563 a (77% M, 23% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 768 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 7.4 a National Authority for Road Safety. Died within 30 days of crash Portugal Population: 10 371 627 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 19 850 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 33% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 15% Cyclists 6% Pedestrians 22% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 1% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 18% Other 5% Source: 2016, National Authority for Road Safety, Ministry of Internal Administration Source: National Authority for Road Safety, Ministry of Internal Administration and National Institute of Statistics 0 2 4 6 8 10 201520142013201220112010 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 29% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 7 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 98% Drivers c, 97% Passengers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 96% Front seats c, 77% Rear seats c National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs/135 cm d Child restraint required Up to 12 yrs/135 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 91-100% c National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2015, National Authority for Road Safety and National Institute of Forensic Medicine and Forensic Sciences (INMLCF) c 2012, Portuguese Road Safety (PRP) d Except for children under 3 years in rear-facing child restraint with airbag deactivated Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 216 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by S up re m e C ou nc il of H ea lth . Qatar Population: 2 569 804 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 75 660 a INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Trac Safety Committee (NTSC) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 130 deaths by 2022 (2013-2022) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 330 487 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 16 479 Heavy trucks — Buses — Other 1 314 008 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 178 b (95% M, 5% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 239 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 9.3 a Data available only for 2015 b Ministry of Interior, General Tra c Directorate . Died within 30 days of crash Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 28% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 21% Cyclists 3% Pedestrians 32% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Drivers and passengers of buses 12% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2% Source: 2016, Ministry of Interior, General Tra c Directorate Source: Ministry of Interior, General Tra c Directorate 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 100 km/h Max rural speed limit 120 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 2% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints 72% e National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes c Not based on BAC. Alcohol consumption legally prohibited d 2016, Ministry of Interior, General Tra c Directorate (data from 2016) e 2015, Roadside observational study Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 217 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of La nd , In fra st ru ct ur e a nd Tr an sp or t. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target < 2700 deaths by 2021 (2017-2021) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 25 680 967 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 17 338 160 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2 180 688 Heavy trucks 3 492 173 Buses 892 539 Other 1 777 407 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 4 292 a (71% M, 29% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 4 990 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 9.8 a Korean National Police Agency. Died within 30 days of crash Republic of Korea Population: 50 791 920 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 27 600 Source: Korean National Police Agency 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 80 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 11% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 86% Drivers d, 40% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 83% Front seats e, 30% Rear seats e National child restraint law No f Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint g Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints 40-42% h National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers c 2016, Korean National Police Agency d 2016, Korea Tra c Culture Index, KOTSA (Korea Transportation Safety Authority) e 2016, Korea Tra c Culture Index f Only required for small children (defined as children under 6 years) sitting in the front g Safety seats required for small children (defined as children under 6 years) sitting in the front h 2016, National Survey Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 20% Pedestrians 40% Other 34% Cyclists 6% Source: 2016, Korean National Police Agency De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n Deaths by road user category Trends in reported road tra c deaths 218 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency The National Committee on Road safety Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 894 253 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 547 712 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 37 987 Heavy trucks 177 781 Buses 20 971 Other 109 802 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 346 a (76% M, 24% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 394 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 9.7 a National Center for Health Management. Died within 30 days of crash Republic of Moldova Population: 4 059 608 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 120 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 17% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles <1% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 4% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks <1% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 58% Cyclists 1% Pedestrians 18% Source: 2016, National Center for Health Management Source: National Center for Health Management 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.03 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.03 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 9% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 62% Front seats c, 18% Rear seats c National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs Child restraint required — d Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 50% c National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, Ministry of Internal Aªairs statistics c 2012, Joint report on the statistical data and the public's attitude to road safety in Chisinau and Tiraspol d The legislation refers to the use of child restraint systems or other means to transport children under 12 years Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 219 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of In te rn al A ªa irs . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Interministerial Council for Road Safety Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 7 014 661 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 5 472 423 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 119 534 Heavy trucks 912 790 Buses 48 803 Other 461 111 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 913 a (73% M, 27% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 2 044 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 10.3 a National database (EAC). Died within 30 days of crash Romania Population: 19 778 084 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 9 470 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 26% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 20% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 4% Cyclists 9% Pedestrians 37% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 3% Source: 2016, National database (EAC) Source: National database (EAC) and National Institute of Statistics (INS) 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 6% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 14 yrs c Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint d Child restraint required Up to 135 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, National database (EAC) c Children under 14 years allowed to be transported in the motorcycle sidecar and must be held in the arms under 7 years d If in accordance with the manufacturer's instruction and for rear-facing restraint if airbag is deactivated Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 220 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of In te rn al A ªa irs . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency The Governmental Commission on Road Safety Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target Reduce deaths by 8 000 (2012-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 54 014 259 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 44 698 592 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2 237 218 Heavy trucks 3 179 460 Buses 865 897 Other 3 033 092 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 20 308 a (72% M, 25% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 25 969 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 18 a Ministry of Internal Aªairs of the Russian Federation. Died within 30 days of crash Russian Federation Population: 143 964 512 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 9 720 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 32% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 25% Cyclists 2% Pedestrians 29% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 6% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 3% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other <1% Source: 2016, Ministry of Internal Aªairs of the Russian Federation Source: Ministry of Internal Aªairs of the Russian Federation 0 6 12 18 24 30 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes b Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.03 g/dl c BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.03 g/dl c Random breath testing carried out Yes d Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 23% e National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 66-83% Front seats f, 20-50% Rear seats f National child restraint law Yes g Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint h Child restraint required Up to 7 yrs i Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 49-52% f National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Local authorities can modify national speed limits through the posting of speed signs c Law based on breath alcohol concentration, values converted to BAC d Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers e 2016, Ministry of Internal Aªairs of the Russian Federation f 2016, Survey performed by the Russian Public Opinion Research Center, 2016 g Since 2017, child restraint systems are the only form of restraint allowed for children under 7 years (before the 2017 revision, children under 12 years were to be restrained either in a child restraint or by "other means") h Children up to 11 years (included) while sitting in the front shall be placed in a child restraint, children aged 12 years and more can sit in the front without a child restraint i For children aged 7-11 years old (included) sitting in the rear, child restraint or seat belt can be used Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 221 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Committee Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 180 137 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 71 394 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 91 874 Heavy trucks 5 909 Buses 1 234 Other 9 726 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers — National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 593 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 535 (95% CI 2 690 - 4 380) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 29.7 a Tra c Police. Died within 30 days of crash Rwanda Population: 11 917 508 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 700 Deaths by road user category SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 80 km/h b Max rural speed limit 80 km/h b Max motorway speed limit 80 km/h b Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law No b Speed limit set per vehicle type with a maximum speed limit of 80 km/h for passenger cars (not exceeding 3500 kg) c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers or commission of a tra c oªence Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 DATA NOT AVA I LABLE 222 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by D ep ar tm en t o f H ea lth an d W el ln es s. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Saint Lucia Road Transport Board Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 35 681 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 29 790 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 215 Heavy trucks 4 310 Buses 1 120 Other 246 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry — Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 15 a (73% M, 27% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 63 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 35.4 a Saint Lucia Royal Police Force (Tra c Department). Unlimited time period following crash Saint Lucia Population: 178 015 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 7 670 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 40% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 7% Cyclists 13% Pedestrians 13% Drivers and passengers of buses 7% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 20% Source: 2016, Saint Lucia Royal Police Force (Tra c Department) Source: Saint Lucia Royal Police Force (Tra c Department) 0 5 10 15 20 25 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit ~ 24 km/h Max rural speed limit ~ 24 km/h Max motorway speed limit ~ 56 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use No Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 223 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Works, Transport & Infrastructure (MWTI) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target <5 deaths per 10 000 vehicles (2011- 2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 25 235 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 23 557 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 95 Heavy trucks 1 184 Buses 326 Other 73 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015/2016) a 17 b (71% M, 29% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 22 (95% CI 20 - 25) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 11.3 a Data collected across fiscal year calendar 2015-2016 b Accident Compensation Cooperation (ACC). Unlimited time period following crash Samoa Population: 195 125 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 4 100 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 18% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 24% Pedestrians 47% Drivers and passengers of buses 6% Cyclists 6% Source: 2015/2016, Accident Compensation Cooperation (ACC) Source: Accident Compensation Cooperation (ACC) 0 7 14 21 28 35 2015-20162014-20152013-20142012-20132011-20122010-20112009-20102008-20092007-20082006-2007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit ~ 56 km/h Max rural speed limit ~ 56 km/h Max motorway speed limit — c Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 100% Drivers d, 100% Passengers e National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 100% Front seats f, 100% Rear seats f National child restraint law No g Children seated in front seat Not restricted h Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes c No motorways in the country d 2016, Land Transport Authority Instant Fine Act 2009/Tra c Oªence Notice e 2016, Land Transport Authority, Authorized Tra c O cers Report, Tra c Oªence Notice f 2016, Tra c Oªence Notice g Legislation refers to either child restraint or seat belt to restrain children under 12 years h Except if child restraint or seat belt are available in the front seat Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 224 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Working Group on Road Security Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 54 956 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 35 369 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 13 109 Heavy trucks 548 Buses 76 Other 5 854 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 0 b WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 0 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 0 a Data available only for 2008 b Information Technology, Data and Statistics O ce. Died within 30 days of crash San Marino Population: 33 203 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 51 810 a Deaths by road user category Source: Information Technology, Data and Statistics O ce 0 1 2 3 4 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 70 km/h Max rural speed limit 70 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required Up to 150 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 225 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Department of Land Transport, Ministry of Infrastructure, Natural Resources and Environment Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2017 34 050 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 23 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 55 (95% CI 43 - 68) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 27.5 a Special police transit unit of the national police. Died within 30 days of crash Sao Tome and Principe Population: 199 910 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 730 Deaths by road user category Source: Special Transit Unit of the National Police 0 5 10 15 20 25 2016201520142013201220112010200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.12 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.12 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 7 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No b Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs/150 cm c Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation refers to either child restraint or seat belt use to transport children c Except if the vehicle does not have rear seats provided and such transportation is made in a child restraint (with airbag deactivated if a rear-facing restraint is being used) Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 226 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Trac Department, Ministry of Interior Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 6 895 799 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 9 031 a (87% M, 13% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 9 311 (95% CI 8 268 - 10 354) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 28.8 a Tra c Department, Annual statistical report. Died within 30 days of crash Saudi Arabia Population: 32 275 688 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 21 750 Deaths by road user category Source: Tra c Department, Annual statistical report 0 7 14 21 28 35 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 80 km/h Max rural speed limit 120 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 16 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required Yes c Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Not based on BAC. Alcohol consumption legally prohibited c Reference is made to special seats to be used for children with no details as to the specific age/height under which children should be mandatorily placed in them Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 227 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth an d So cia l A ct ion . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Directorate of Land Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 35% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 468 051 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 348 088 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 38 879 Heavy trucks 56 631 Buses 17 689 Other 6 764 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 604 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 609 (95% CI 3 052 - 4 165) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 23.4 a Road Transport Final Report, February 2017. Died within 30 days of crash Senegal Population: 15 411 614 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 950 Deaths by road user category Source: Road Transport Final Report, February 2017 0 1 2 3 4 5 20142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit No Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers No Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes b Not based on BAC Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 228 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Coordination Body for Road Trac Safety Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 2 282 401 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 908 449 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 63 587 Heavy trucks 208 925 Buses 9 709 Other 91 731 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 607 a (82% M, 18% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 649 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 7.4 a Database of the Ministry of Interior on road tra c accidents. Died within 30 days of crash Serbia Population: 8 820 083 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 5 280 Deaths by road user category Source: Statistical O ce of the Republic of Serbia and Database of the Ministry of Interior on road tra c accidents 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h b Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.03 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 17% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 86% Drivers d, 74-87% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 75% Front seats d, 10% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs e Child restraint required Up to 3 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 28% d National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Can be increased to 80 km/h c 2016, Database of the Ministry of Interior on road tra c accidents d 2016, Road Tra c Safety Agency of Republic of Serbia (percentages for helmet wearing are for mopeds and motorcycles, respectively) e Except for children under 3 years if airbag is deactivated Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 30% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 16%Cyclists 9% Pedestrians 23% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 4% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 9% Drivers and passengers of buses 1% Other 7% Source: 2016, Database of the Ministry of Interior on road tra c accidents Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 229 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Department of Land Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 23 076 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 19 469 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 799 Heavy trucks 2 211 Buses 597 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 15 a (87% M, 13% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 15 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 15.9 a Police and Ministry of Health. Died within 30 days of crash Seychelles Population: 94 228 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 15 410 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 20% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 27% Cyclists 7% Pedestrians 20% Drivers and passengers of buses 7% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 20% Source: 2016, Police Source: Ministry of Health, National Bureau of Statistics, and Police 0 5 10 15 20 25 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 25-80 km/h b Max rural speed limit 80 km/h b Max motorway speed limit 80 km/h b Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No d Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 10 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes e Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required Yes f Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Speed limits depend on the geographical area considered: the maximum speed limit is 40 km/h on roads in Greater Victoria and 80 km/h on any other roads; the islands of Praslin and La Digue are subject to 65 km/h and 25 km/h, respectively c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers or commission of a tra c oªence d Reference is made to regulations to specify helmet types, in 2017 these regulations were in the process of being developed e The legislation refers to the use of child restraint systems for infant or child passenger but does not refer to a specific age/ height up to which the use of child restraint is mandatory f Obligation not based on age/height or weight Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 230 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Trac Police & Land Transport Authority Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 933 534 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 727 533 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 142 439 Heavy trucks 45 224 Buses 18 338 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 141 a (73% M, 27% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 155 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 2.8 a Singapore Police Force. Died within 30 days of crash Singapore Population: 5 622 455 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 51 880 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeledcars and light vehicles 6% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 1% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 44% Cyclists 14% Pedestrians 33% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks <1% Source: 2016, Singapore Police Force Source: Singapore Police Force 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 70 km/h b Max rural speed limit — c Max motorway speed limit 90 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes d Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 6% e National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 10 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required Up to 135 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Diªerent speed limits are set in urban areas ranging from 30 km/h to 70km/h c No rural roads in Singapore d Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers or commission of a tra c oªence e 2016, Singapore Police Force Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 231 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of transport of the Slovak Republic Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 2 606 412 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 2 388 415 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 126 630 Heavy trucks 82 563 Buses 8 804 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 275 a (78% M, 22% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 330 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 6.1 a Road Accident Database (ISDN). Died within 30 days of crash Slovakia Population: 5 444 218 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 16 810 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 33% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 17% Cyclists 8% Pedestrians 29% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 9% Drivers and passengers of buses 1% Other 3% Source: 2016, Road Accident Database (ISDN) Source: Road Accident Database (SEDN) for 2007-2009; Road Accident Database (ISDN) for 2010-2016; and Statistical Bureau of Slovak Republic 0 3 6 9 12 15 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population 0.00 g/dl b BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl b Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 6% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint d Child restraint required Up to 150 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Driving with presence of any alcohol in the body is prohibited c 2016, Road Accident Database (ISDN) d Provided that airbag is deactivated if child is in a rear-facing child restraint system Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 232 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by S lo ve ni an Tr a c S af et y A ge nc y. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Slovenian Trac Safety Agency Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2013-2022) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 468 439 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 183 476 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 97 418 Heavy trucks 31 374 Buses 2 690 Other 153 481 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 130 a (78% M, 22% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 134 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 6.4 a Police records. Died within 30 days of crash Slovenia Population: 2 077 862 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 21 660 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 35% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 12% Cyclists 10% Pedestrians 17% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 19% Other 5% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Source: 2016, Police database Source: Slovenian Tra c Safety Agency 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h b Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 32% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs d Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 92% Front seats e, 69% Rear seats e National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint f Child restraint required Up to 150 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Can be increased up to 70 km/h c 2016, Police records d Only children older than 12 years are allowed to ride as passengers on motorcycles e 2016, Slovenian Tra c Safety Agency f Provided that airbag is deactivated if child is in a rear-facing child restraint system Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 233 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by P ol ice Fo rc e. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Trac Unit, Ministry of Infrastructure and Development and Ministry of Police & Correctional Services Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles — Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 11 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 104 (95% CI 94 - 115) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 17.4 a Honiara Tra c Statistics 2016 Report. Died within 24 hours of crash Solomon Islands Population: 599 419 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 880 Deaths by road user category Source: Kukum Tra c Police 0 1 2 3 4 2013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes b Max urban speed limit — Max rural speed limit — Max motorway speed limit — Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants — Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes b Speed limits are established locally per vehicle type and/or per road names or areas Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 234 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Road Safety Management, Ministry of Public Works, Housing and Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Not funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads — Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2014 59 457 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 56 000 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 760 Heavy trucks — Buses — Other 2 697 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number None Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 165 b WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 884 (95% CI 3 023 - 4 745) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 27.1 b Tra c Police. Died at scene of crash Somaliaa Population: 14 317 996 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ — a The data published herein refers roughly to the following administrative subdivisions of Somalia: Awdal, Marodi Jeeh, Sanaagh, Sool, Togdheer and Woqooyi Galbeed Deaths by road user category Source: Tra c Police 0 40 80 120 160 200 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 40 km/h Max rural speed limit No Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law No Applies to drivers and passengers — Helmet fastening required — Helmet standard referred to and/or specified — Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement — Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants — Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes c Not based on BAC. Alcohol consumption legally prohibited Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 235 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by R oa d T ra c M an ag em en t C or po ra tio n. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Road Trac Management Corporation (RTMC), Department of Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2010-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles — Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 14 071 a (77% M, 23% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 14 507 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 25.9 a Road Tra c Management Corporation (RTMC), Tra c calendar report 2016. Died within 30 days of crash South Africa Population: 56 015 472 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 5 480 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 21% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 24% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers <1% Pedestrians 38% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 6% Drivers and passengers of buses 7% Cyclists 3% Other <1% Source: 2016, Road Tra c Management Corporation (RTMC), Tra c calendar report 2016 Source: Road Tra c Management Corporation (RTMC), Tra c calendar report 2016 0 7 14 21 28 35 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 58% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 33% Drivers c, 31% Front seats c National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Not restricted d Child restraint required Up to 3 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2010, National Injury Mortality Surveillance System (NIMSS) c 2010, Road Tra c Management Corporation (RTMC) Tra c Oªence Survey 2010 d Obligation to place children in the rear only applies in vehicles not fitted with seat belts and having rear seats Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 236 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Trac Police, Ministry of Interior Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2012-2016 69 647 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 32 070 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 27 250 Heavy trucks 4 830 Buses 5 497 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 130 b (53% M, 47% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 661 (95% CI 2 976 - 4 346) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 29.9 a Data available only for 2015 b Juba Teaching Hospital. Unlimited time period following crash South Sudan Population: 12 230 730 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 820 a Deaths by road user category Source: Tra c Police, Statistical yearbook for Southern Sudan 2010 and Population Projection 2015 0 4 8 12 16 20 201620152014201320122011201020092008 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit No Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law No Applies to drivers and passengers — Helmet fastening required — Helmet standard referred to and/or specified — Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement — Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants — Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes c Not based on BAC Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 237 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth , S oc ial S er vic es an d Eq ua lit y. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Directorate General for Trac, Ministry of Internal Administration Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target <3.7 deaths per 100 000 population (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 32 986 384 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 26 876 165 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 5 102 674 Heavy trucks 526 559 Buses 60 252 Other 420 734 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 810 a (77% M, 23% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 922 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 4.1 a Directorate General of Tra c. Died within 30 days of crash Spain Population: 46 347 576 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 27 520 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 32% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 14% Cyclists 4% Pedestrians 21% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 22% Drivers and passengers of buses 1% Other 2% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 3% Source: 2015, Directorate General of Tra c Source: Directorate General of Tra c 0 2 4 6 8 10 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes b Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.03 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 17% Males, 7% Females c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 7/12 yrs d Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 99% Drivers e, 93% Passengers e National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 91% Front seats e, 81% Rear seats e National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 135 cm f Child restraint required Up to 135 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 88% g National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Road authorities can decrease speed limits on both urban and rural roads. Speed limits can only be increased on urban highways c 2012, Global Status Report on Alcohol and Health 2014, WHO (percentages for females and males, respectively) d In principle, children under 12 years are not allowed to ride as passenger on motorcycles, by exception the minimum age is lowered to 7 years when the driver is one of the parents, or a person authorized by them e 2012, Directorate General of Tra c f Front seating for children under 135 cm is only allowed as an exception if there are no seats in the back or all other seats are occupied by children g 2012, Directorate General of Tra c. Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 238 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of Tr an sp or t a nd Ci vil Av iat ion . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Council for Road Safety (NCRS), Ministry of Transport and Civil Aviation Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 6 795 469 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 717 674 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 4 815 617 Heavy trucks 762 912 Buses 104 104 Other 395 162 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 3 003 a (86% M, 14% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 096 (95% CI 2 777 - 3 415) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 14.9 a Sri Lanka Police, Micro Accident Analysis System (MAAP). Died within 30 days of crash Sri Lanka Population: 20 798 492 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 780 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 2% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 5% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 51% Cyclists 8% Pedestrians 29% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Other 2% Source: 2016, Sri Lanka Police, Micro Accident Analysis System (MAAP) Source: Sri Lanka Police 0 700 1400 2100 2800 3500 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 70 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 95% All riders b National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 75% Front seats b, 75% Rear seats b National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, Sri Lanka Police, Micro Accident Analysis System (MAAP) Trends in reported road tra c deaths Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 239 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by Fe de ra l M in ist ry of H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Road Safety Coordination Council Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 20% (2017-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 252 740 a Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 935 132 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 149 778 Heavy trucks 86 430 Buses 81 400 Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 2 311 b (77% M, 23% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 10 178 (95% CI 8 635 - 11 722) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 25.7 a Data includes police, army and national security vehicles, which are not reflected in o cial records b Tra c police, Annual report for road tra c crashes 2016. Died within 7 days of crash Sudan Population: 39 578 828 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 140 Deaths by road user category Pedestrians 29% Other 71% Source: 2016, Tra c police, Annual report for road tra c crashes Source: Tra c police, Annual report for road tra c crashes 2013/2016 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol <1% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes c Not based on BAC d 2016, Tra c police, Annual report for road tra c crashes 2016 Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 240 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency No Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 228 388 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 146 110 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 43 256 Heavy trucks 34 434 Buses 3 608 Other 980 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 74 a (84% M, 16% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 81 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 14.5 a Combined sources: Tra c Police, Ministry of Justice and Police, and Emergency Medical Department Academic Hospital Paramaribo. Died within 30 days of crash Suriname Population: 558 368 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 7 070 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 22% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 12% Cyclists 4% Pedestrians 15% Other 1% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 46% Source: 2016, Tra c Police, Ministry of Justice and Police Source: Tra c Police, Ministry of Justice and Police, and General Bureau of Statistics 0 5 10 15 20 25 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 40 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 80 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 95% Drivers b, 92% Passengers b National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 75% Front seats b, 8% Rear seats b National child restraint law Yes c Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required — c Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, Tra c Police Suriname, Ministry of Justice and Police c For children under 10 years, the legislation refers to the use of child restraint system (CRS) where available and appropriate, and specifies that in the absence of child restraint, seat belts are to be used Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 241 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by S we dis h T ra ns po rt Ad m in ist ra tio n. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Swedish Transport Administration, Ministry of Enterprise and Innovation Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2007-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 6 102 914 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 5 302 808 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 375 188 Heavy trucks 81 430 Buses 13 890 Other 329 598 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 270 a (76% M, 24% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 278 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 2.8 a O cial statistics (Swedish Transport Analysis). Died within 30 days of crash Sweden Population: 9 837 533 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 54 630 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 39% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 15% Cyclists 8% Pedestrians 16% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 16% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 4% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Source: 2016, STRADA (Swedish Tra c Accident Data Acquisition), Swedish Transport Agency Source: O cial statistics (Swedish Transport Analysis) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.02 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 24% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 97-99% All Riders c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 96% Front seats d, 90% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint e Child restraint required Up to 135 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 96% f National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use No Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, In-depth studies of fatal crashes, Swedish Transport Administration c 2016, Travel survey (VTI) d 2016, Swedish Transport Administration, Analysis of road safety development 2016 e Provided that airbag is deactivated if child is in a rear-facing child restraint system f 2013, The Sweden National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI), The use of seat belts in Sweden 2013. Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 242 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by Fe de ra l D ep ar tm en t o f t he En vir on m en t, Tra ns po rt, En er gy an d Co m m un ica tio ns . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Federal Roads Oce (FEDRO) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 5 980 512 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 4 927 655 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 720 381 Heavy trucks 53 094 Buses 14 742 Other 264 640 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 216 a (70% M, 30% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 223 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 2.7 a Federal Roads O ce. Died within 30 days of crash Switzerland Population: 8 401 739 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 81 240 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 26% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 8% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 23% Cyclists 15% Pedestrians 23% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks <1% Other 4% Source: 2016, Federal Roads O ce Source: Swiss Federal Statistical O ce 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.01 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 13% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 100% Drivers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 94% Front seats c, 86% Rear seats c National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required Up to 12 yrs/150 cm d Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 93% e National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, Federal Roads O ce c 2016, Swiss Council for Accident Prevention (BFU) d Children under 12 years and less than 150 cm shall be placed in a child restraint e 2012, Swiss Council for Accident Prevention (BFU) Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 243 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Committee for Road Safety Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 2 396 544 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 811 359 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 466 205 Heavy trucks 41 647 Buses 77 333 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 714 b (86% M, 14% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 4 890 (95% CI 4 009 - 5 772) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 26.5 a Data available only for 2007 b Ministry of Interior, Tra c Department. Died within 30 days of crash Syrian Arab Republic Population: 18 430 452 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 840 a Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 9% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 10% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 6% Pedestrians 65% Drivers and passengers of buses 1% Other 3% Cyclists 6% Source: 2016, Ministry of Interior, Tra c Department Source: Ministry of Interior, Tra c Department 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit — Max rural speed limit — Max motorway speed limit — Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers No Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 90% Drivers d, 90% Front seats d National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law No c The law refers to regulations to set BAC limit, regulations not available d 2016, Ministry of Interior, Tra c Department Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 244 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth an d So cia l P ro te ct ion . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Department of the State Automobile Inspection, Ministry of Internal A®airs Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 439 972 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 380 496 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 4 546 Heavy trucks 39 261 Buses 15 669 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 427 a (72% M, 28% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 577 (95% CI 1 449 - 1 704) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 18.1 a Department of the State Automobile Inspection, Ministry of Internal Aªairs. Died within 7 days of crash Tajikistan Population: 8 734 951 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 110 Deaths by road user category Drivers of all vehicles 22% Passengers of all vehicles 36% Pedestrians 40% Cyclists 2% Source: Department of the State Automobile Inspection, Ministry of Internal Aªairs. 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — b BAC limit – young or novice drivers — b Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 4% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint d Child restraint required — e Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Not based on BAC c 2016, Department of the State Automobile Inspection, Ministry of Internal Aªairs. d Front seating of children under 12 years allowed if a child restraint is being used e Legislation refers to child restraints or “other means” to secure children under 12 years but allows the transport of children under 12 years on the knees of an adult passenger seated in the back with the seat belt fastened Trends in reported road tra c deaths Source: 2016, Department of the State Automobile Inspection, Ministry of Internal Aªairs De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 245 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of P ub lic H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Ministry of Interior Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target ≤ 10 deaths per 100 000 population (2010-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 31 Dec 2016 37 338 139 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 15 003 774 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 20 497 296 Heavy trucks 1 055 717 Buses 157 799 Other 623 553 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No a Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 21 745 b (79% M, 21% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 22 491 (95% CI 20 265 - 24 717) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 32.7 a Thailand launched an ECO-CAR program with tax incentives to cars with ESC but is not mandatory for all cars b Data Integration: (1) Death registration validated with Medical Certification of Cause of Death from hospitals; (2) Royal Thai Police; (3) Road Accident Victims Protection Company Limited. Unlimited time period following crash Thailand Population: 68 863 512 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 5 640 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 6% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 6% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 74% Cyclists 3% Pedestrians 8% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks <1% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 1% Source: 2016, Injury surveillance system, Bureau of Epidemiology, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health Source: Data Integration: (1) Death registration validated with Medical Certification of Cause of Death from hospitals; (2) Royal Thai Police; (3) Road Accident Victims Protection Company Limited 0 8 16 24 32 40 201620152014201320122011 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 80 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes c Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 14% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 51% Drivers e, 20% Passengers e National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 58% Drivers f, 40% Front seats f National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes c Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers d 2016, Injury Surveillance System across 33 hospital sentinel sites e 2015, Survey of ThaiRoads Foundation f 2011, Survey of ThaiRoads Foundation Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 246 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Republic Council on Road Trac Safety and Coordination Body of the Government of Republic of Macedonia Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target Reduction of fatalities to EU average, reduction of young driver victims by 30%, and zero child victims (2015 - 2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 442 962 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 383 833 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 10 050 Heavy trucks 45 836 Buses 3 243 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 148 a (80% M, 20% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 134 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 6.4 a Ministry of Interior and State Statistical O ce. Died within 30 days of crash The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Population: 2 081 206 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 4 980 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 26% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 20% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 9% Cyclists 6% Pedestrians 33% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 3% Other 2% Source: 2015, Ministry of Interior and State Statistical O ce Source: State Statistical O ce and Ministry of Interior 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h b Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.01 g/dl c Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 1% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 20% Front seats e, 3% Rear seats e National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs f Child restraint required Up to 5 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Can be increased up to 70 km/h c In the law ≤ 0.009 g/dl d 2015, State Statistical O ce and Ministry of Interior e 2015, Survey conducted by the Department for tra c and transport f Except for children under 2 years in a rear-facing child restraint if airbag is deactivated Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 247 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Directorate of Transport, Ministry of Interior Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for December 2016 146 596 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 24 438 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 108 409 Heavy trucks 1 120 Buses 207 Other 12 422 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 71 b WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 161 (95% CI 138 - 184) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 12.7 a Data available only for 2015 b National Police Timor-Leste (PNTL), National Transit Department. Died within 24 hours of crash Timor-Leste Population: 1 268 671 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 180 a Deaths by road user category DATA NOT AVA I LABLE Source: National Police Timor-Leste (PNTL), National Transit Department (death data), Census 2010 (population data) 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs c Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes c Unless the vehicle does not have a back seat and such transportation is carried out by using an approved child restraint, appropriate to the child's size and weight Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 248 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of S ec ur ity an d Civ il Pr ot ec tio n. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Oce of Road Safety (ONSR), Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport (MIT) Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 64 118 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 17 000 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 45 341 Heavy trucks 791 Buses 62 Other 924 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 514 a (50% M, 22% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 2 224 (95% CI 1 800 - 2 649) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 29.2 a Police and Ministry of Security and Civil Protection (MSPC). Died within 30 days of crash Togo Population: 7 606 374 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 540 Deaths by road user category Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 11% Occupants of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 17% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 72% Source: 2016, Ministry of Security and Civil Protection (MSPC), 2008-2016 Annual Report Source: Ministry of Security and Civil Protection (MSPC), 2008-2016 Annual Reports (death data), National Institute of Statistics and Economic and Demographic Studies (population data) 0 3 6 9 12 15 201620152014201320122011201020092008 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law No Max urban speed limit — Max rural speed limit — Max motorway speed limit — Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement — Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes b Not based on BAC Trends in reported road tra c deaths National Oce of Road Safety (ONSR), Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport (MIT) De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 249 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Police (Department of Trac) and Ministry of Infrastructure Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% reduction in rate per 100 000 population (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2012 8 154 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 6 039 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 184 Heavy trucks 1 882 Buses 49 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 18 a (89% M, 11% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 18 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 16.8 a Road Tra c Accident Registry. Died within 24 hours of crash Tonga Population: 107 122 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 4 020 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 33% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 33% Pedestrians 28% Other 6% Source: 2016, Road Tra c Accident Registry, Ministry of Police Source: Road Tra c Accident Registry, Ministry of Police 0 4 8 12 16 20 201620152014201320122011201020092008 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 70 km/h Max motorway speed limit 70 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.03 g/dl b BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.03 g/dl b Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 77% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants — Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law No b Law based on breath alcohol concentration, values converted to BAC c 2016, Audit on Major Trauma for the year 2016, Emergency Department, Ministry of Health Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 250 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Council, Ministry of Works and Transport Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads — Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 1996-2015 831 803 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 378 584 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 4 736 Heavy trucks 96 612 Buses 431 Other 351 440 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 135 a (76% M, 24% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 165 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 12.1 a Trinidad and Tobago Police Service. Died within a year of crash Trinidad and Tobago Population: 1 364 962 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 15 680 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 29% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 29%Cyclists <1% Pedestrians 31% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 4% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 4% Source: 2016, Trinidad and Tobago Police Service Source: Trinidad and Tobago Police Service 0 5 10 15 20 25 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 5 yrs Child restraint required Up to 5 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 251 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Observatory for Information, Training, Documentation and Studies on Road Safety, Ministry of Interior Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads — Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 2 015 601 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 718 175 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 16 306 Heavy trucks 260 369 Buses 20 751 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 443 a (88% M, 12% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 2 595 (95% CI 2 321 - 2 869) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 22.8 a National Tra c Safety Observatory in coordination with the Guard and Tra c Police Departments. Died within 30 days of crash Tunisia Population: 11 403 248 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 690 Deaths by road user category Drivers of all vehicles 25% Passengers of all vehicles 24% Pedestrians 25% Other <1% Cyclist 2% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 23% Source: National Tra c Safety Observatory in coordination with the Guard and Tra c Police Departments 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.03 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 2% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 6 yrs c Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, National Tra c Safety Observatory in coordination with the Guard and Tra c Police Departments c The ban includes children aged 6 years Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 252 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Higher Board of Road Safety, Ministry of Interior Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011-2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 21 090 424 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 17 040 996 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 3 003 733 Heavy trucks 825 334 Buses 220 361 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 7 300 a (78% M, 22% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 9 782 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 12.3 a Directorate General For Security. Died within 30 days of crash Turkey Population: 79 512 424 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 11 180 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 22% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 15% Pedestrians 23% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 4% Drivers and passengers of buses 1% Other 33% Cyclists 2% Source: 2016, Accident Reporting Database Source: Directorate General for Security 0 2 4 6 8 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h b Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h b Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 3% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 75% All riders d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 50% Drivers e, 41% Front seats e National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint f Child restraint required Up to 36 kg/135 cm g Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes b Ministry of Interior can increase speed limits by 20 km/h for automobiles c 2012, Turkish National Police d 2016, Directorate General for Security e 2013, 2016 - Turkey Analysis: Follow-up study on driver and front seat-belt use f Provided that airbag is deactivated for children travelling in a rear-facing restraint g Child restraints are required for children under 150cm, by exception children of height 135-150 cm can be restrained by a seat belt only if they sit in the back Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 253 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth an d Me dic al In du st ry. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Health and Medical Industry of Turkmenistan Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles — Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 543 a (66% M, 34% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 823 (95% CI 765 - 880) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 14.5 a Statistical report of the State Committee on Statistics. Died within 7 days of crash Turkmenistan Population: 5 662 544 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 6 670 Deaths by road user category 0 200 400 600 800 1000 201320122011201020092008 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint b Child restraint required — c Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law No b Law does not specifically refer to child restraint system but to "special seating equipment" for children under 12 years c Special seating equipment for children under 12 years is mentioned only in relation with front seating Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 254 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Council (NRSC), Ministry of Works and Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2014-2022) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 1 594 962 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 946 096 Heavy trucks — Buses 3 335 Other 645 531 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry Some facilities Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 3 503 a (78% M, 22% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 12 036 (95% CI 9 454 - 14 618) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 29 a Police Annual Tra c Report. Died within a year of crash Uganda Population: 41 487 964 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 660 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 5% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 17% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 33% Cyclists 6% Pedestrians 40% Source: 2016, Police Annual Tra c Report Source: Police Annual Tra c Reports and Uganda Bureau of Statistics 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 201620152014201320122011201020092008 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol <1% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 49% Drivers d, 1% Passengers d National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers or commission of a tra c oªence c 2016, Police Annual Tra c Report d 2013, Uganda Helmet Vaccine Initiative 2013 Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 255 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency No Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2014 14 433 709 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 9 162 795 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 725 447 Heavy trucks 2 063 276 Buses 324 151 Other 1 158 040 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 4 687 a (76% M, 24% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 6 089 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 13.7 a State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Unlimited time period following crash Ukraine Population: 44 438 624 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 310 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 16% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 18% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 9% Pedestrians 42% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 1% Cyclists 7% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 7% Source: 2016, State Statistics Service of Ukraine Source: State Statistics Service of Ukraine 0 5 10 15 20 25 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 130 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.02 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.02 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 7% b National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs/145 cm Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes c Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint d Child restraint required — c Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b 2016, State Statistics Service of Ukraine c The legislation refers to the use of "special means" to be used in conjunction with the seat belt to restrain children under 12 years and 145 cm d No specific reference to child restraint but to "special means" for children under 145 cm and 12 years sitting in the front Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 256 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth an d Pr ev en tio n. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Trac Coordination Department, Ministry of Interior Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 3 deaths per 100 000 population (2011-2021) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 3 391 125 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 2 996 338 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 54 581 Heavy trucks 237 427 Buses 102 779 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 725 a (88% M, 12% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 1 678 (95% CI 1 435 - 1 921) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 18.1 a Ministry of Interior (MOI). Died within 30 days of crash United Arab Emirates Population: 9 269 612 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 40 480 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 30% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 24% Cyclists 2% Pedestrians 24% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 8% Drivers and passengers of buses 6% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 6% Source: 2016, Ministry of Interior Source: Ministry of Interior 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit — b Max rural speed limit — b Max motorway speed limit — b Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.01 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.01 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 2% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs / 145 cm Child restraint required Up to 4 yrs e Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Speed limits are established at subnational level per streets' names c Alcohol consumption legally prohibited d 2016, Ministry of Interior (MOI) e Child restraints are required for children aged 4 years and below Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 257 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by D ep ar tm en t f or Tr an sp or t. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Department for Transport (Great Britain); Transport - Policy, Planning and Partnership Division (Wales); Transport Scotland (Scotland); Department for Infrastructure (Northern Ireland) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 40-60% a SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 38 388 214 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 35 681 940 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 270 216 Heavy trucks 517 144 Buses 167 056 Other 751 858 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes Motorcycle anti-lock braking system Yes POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 1 804 b (76% M, 24% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 2 019 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 3.1 a Wales 40%; Scotland 40%; NI at least 60% (2004-2008 average to 2020) b Department for Transport, Road accidents and safety statistics (Great Britain), Police Recorded Injury Road Tra c Collision Statistics (Northern Ireland). Defined as died within 30 days of crash. United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Population: 65 788 572 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 42 390 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 33% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 14% Cyclists 6% Pedestrians 24% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 20% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 2% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 2% Source: 2015, Department for Transport, Road accidents and safety statistics (Great Britain), Police Recorded Injury Road Tra c Collision Statistics (Northern Ireland) Source: Department for Transport, Road accidents and safety statistics (Great Britain), Police Recorded Injury Road Tra c Collision Statistics (Northern Ireland) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit ~ 48 km/h Max rural speed limit ~ 96 km/h Max motorway speed limit ~ 112 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl c BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl c Random breath testing carried out Yes d Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 13% (GB), 23% (NI) e National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 95% (England and Scotland), 98% (NI) Front seats f, 90% (England and Scotland), 94% (NI) Rear seats f National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required Up to 12 yrs/135 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 95% (NI) g National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes c In Scotland legal BAC limit is ≤ 0.05g/dl d Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers e 2014, Police Services of Northern Island statistics (NI); Department for Transport Statistical Release 2016 (GB) f 2014, Seatbelt and mobile phone use surveys 2014 (England and Scotland); Survey of Seat Belt Wearing 2014 (NI) g 2014, Northern Ireland Survey of Seat Belt Wearing (figure for all ages and for children seated in the back) Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 258 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H om e A ªa irs . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Council (NRSC), Ministry of Home A®airs Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 2 163 623 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 649 127 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 282 503 Heavy trucks 99 428 Buses 58 247 Other 74 318 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number None Trauma registry Subnational Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 3 256 a (79% M, 21% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 16 252 (95% CI 13 130 - 19 374) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 29.2 a Tra c Police. Died within 30 days of crash United Republic of Tanzania Population: 55 572 200 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 900 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 8% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 30% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 23% Cyclists 8% Pedestrians 30% Other <1% Source: 2016, Tra c Police Source: Tra c Police 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit No Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes b Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol <1% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers No Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes b Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers or commission of a tra c oªence c 2016, Tra c Police Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 259 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by D ep ar tm en t o f H ea lth an d Hu m an S er vic es . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Highway Trac Safety Administration (NHTSA), Department of Transportation Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 1.02 per 100 million miles traveled (VMT) (2018) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads — Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 281 312 446 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 260 619 419 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 8 600 936 Heavy trucks 11 203 184 Buses 888 907 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard Yes Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems Yes DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2015) 35 092 a (71% M, 29% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 39 888 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 12.4 * These data take into consideration subnational laws. A criteria is answered "Yes" if at least 80% of the subnational entities meet the criteria a Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) Annual Report File. Died within 30 days of crash b Over 90% of the states provide a BAC limit equal or under 0.02 g/dl for young-novice drivers c 2015, National Center for Statistics and Analysis. (2016, December). Alcohol-impaired driving: 2015 data (Tra c Safety Facts. DOT HS 812 350). Washington, DC: National Highway Tra c Safety Administration. d About 40 % of the states require helmets for both drivers and passengers on motorcycles e Less than 10% of the states prohibit that children ride as passengers on motorcycles f 2016, Motorcycle helmet use in 2016 – Overall results. (Tra c Safety Facts Research Note. Report No. DOT HS 812 378), National Highway Tra c Safety Administration. g About 40% of the states do not require seat belt for rear seats passengers h 2016, Seat Belt Use. Overall Results (Tra c Safety Facts Research Note. Report No. DOT HS 812 351), National Highway Tra c Safety Administration. United States of America Population: 322 179 616 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 56 180 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 47% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 17% Cyclist 2% Pedestrians 15% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 14% Drivers and passengers of buses <1% Other 2%Drivers and passengersof heavy trucks 2% Source: 2015, Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) Annual Report File Source: 2006-2010 Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) Annual Final File, and 2015 Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) Annual Report File 0 4 8 12 16 20 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS * National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit ~ 32 - 128 km/h Max rural speed limit ~ 40 - 128 km/h Max motorway speed limit ~ 40 - 128 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement — Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00-0.08 g/dl b Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement — % road trac deaths involving alcohol 29% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers No d Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted e Enforcement — Helmet wearing rate 68% Drivers f, 53% Passengers f National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No g Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate 90% Front seats h, 75% Rear seats i National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required — j Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement — % children using child restraints 89% k National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use No l Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes i 2015, Occupant restraint use in 2015: Results from the NOPUS controlled intersection study (Report No. DOT HS 812 330), National Highway Tra c Safety Administration. j Child restraint laws are enacted at subnational level. While all states require the use of child restraints, they provide diªerent age /weight/ height criteria to specify the period for mandatory use of child restraints / booster seats k 2016, the 2015 National Survey of the Use of Booster Seats (NSUBS) (Report No. DOT HS 812 309). Washington, DC: National Highway Tra c Safety Administration. l The majority of states prohibit texting while driving Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 260 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by N at ion al R oa d Sa fe ty U ni t ( UN AS EV ). INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Unit (UNASEV) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure No Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 2 342 026 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 008 974 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 252 031 Heavy trucks 71 355 Buses 9 666 Other 0 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 446 a (75% M, 25% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 460 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 13.4 a National Tra c Information System (SINATRAN). Died within 30 days of crash Uruguay Population: 3 444 006 | Income group: High | Gross national income per capita: US$ 15 230 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 17% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 14% Cyclists 7% Pedestrians 17% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 46% Source: 2016, National Tra c Information System (SINATRAN) Source: National Tra c Information System (SINATRAN) 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 45 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 90 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population 0.00 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited b Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 80% Drivers c, 71% Passengers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 63% Front seats d, 33% Rear seats d National child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 12 yrs/150 cm Child restraint required Up to 12 yrs/36 kg/150 cm Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints 23% d National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Until footrests can be reached c 2016, National Tra c Information System (SINATRAN) d 2016, Observational behavior study in road safety, Uruguay Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 261 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by R ep ub lic an sp ec ial ize d sc ien tifi c- pr ac tic al m ed ica l c en te r o f t ra um at ol og y a nd or th op ed ics . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency State Service on Trac Safety, Ministry of Internal A®airs of Republic of Uzbekistan Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles — Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry — Formal certification for prehospital providers — National assessment of emergency care systems — DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 2 496 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 3 617 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 11.5 a State service on Tra c Safety, Ministry of Internal Aªairs of Republic of Uzbekistan. Died within 30 days of crash Uzbekistan Population: 31 446 796 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 220 Deaths by road user category Source: Statistics of State Service on Tra c Safety, Ministry of Internal Aªairs of Republic of Uzbekistan 0 600 1200 1800 2400 3000 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 70 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash — Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 4% c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 12 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use Yes National drug-driving law Yes b Not based on BAC c 2016, Statistics of State Road Safety Service Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 262 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by th e M in ist ry of H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Vanuatu Police Force, Ministry of Internal A®airs Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Partial Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads No Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles — Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 9 b (67% M, 33% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 43 (95% CI 39 - 48) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 15.9 a Data available only for 2014 b Vanuatu Police (manual records). Died at scene of crash Vanuatu Population: 270 402 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 170 a Deaths by road user category Source: 2013, GSRRS3 0 2 4 6 8 10 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law No Max urban speed limit — Max rural speed limit — Max motorway speed limit — Local authorities can modify limits — Enforcement — Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol 67% d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 90% Drivers e, 90% Passengers e National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 20% Front seats e, 10% Rear seats e National child restraint law No f Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint g Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Ban on hand-held mobile phone use — Ban on hands-free mobile phone use — National drug-driving law Yes c Not based on BAC d 2016, Vanuatu Police, Tra c occurrence book e 2016, Vanuatu Police Force f Legislation allows that infants (defined as children under 3 years) be held by a responsible person as an alternative to using special seats g Infant (defined as children under 3 years) shall be placed in a restraining seat while travelling in the front Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE Nu m be r o f r oa d tr a c d ea th s 263 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of M in ist ry of P op ul ar P ow er fo r H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Institute of Land Transport, Ministry of People's Power for Land Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Yes Inspections / star rating of existing roads — Investments to upgrade high risk locations No Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 7 999 760 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 4 558 246 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 263 506 Heavy trucks 1 818 649 Buses 336 846 Other 22 513 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, single number Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2013) 7 028 b (83% M, 17% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 10 640 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 33.7 a Data available only for 2013 b 2013 Yearbook Mortality, Ministry of the Popular Power for Health. Died within 30 days of crash Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Population: 31 568 180 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 11 760 a Deaths by road user category Source: 2013 Yearbook Mortality, Ministry of the Popular Power for Health 0 6 12 18 24 30 2013201220112010200920082007200620052004 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law No Max urban speed limit — Max rural speed limit — Max motorway speed limit — Local authorities can modify limits — Enforcement — Predominant type of enforcement — National drink-driving law Yes c BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash All drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required No Helmet standard referred to and/or specified No Children passengers on motorcycles Prohibited under 10 yrs Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes d Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required — d Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes c Not based on BAC d The law requires "infants" to use "special seats for that purpose" but does not specify the age for children falling into the "infants" category Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 264 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by th e M in ist ry of Tr an sp or t. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Trac Safety Committee (NTSC) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 5-10% annually (2012- 2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2016 50 666 855 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 3 033 527 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 47 131 928 Heavy trucks — Buses — Other 501 400 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number Partial coverage Trauma registry National Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 8 417 a WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 24 970 (95% CI 21 576 - 28 363) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 26.4 a Report of Road Safety Performance Review of Viet Nam, The United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia (UNESCAP) and the Pacific and Ministry of Transport of Viet Nam (MOT). Died within 7 days of crash Viet Nam Population: 94 569 072 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 050 Deaths by road user category Source: Report of Road Safety Performance Review of Viet Nam, The United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia (UNESCAP) and the Pacific and Ministry of Transport of Viet Nam (MOT) 0 4 8 12 16 20 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual and automated National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population 0.00 - 0.05 g/dl b BAC limit – young or novice drivers 0.00 - 0.05 g/dl b Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 81% Drivers c, 60% Passengers c National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Not restricted Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b Diªerent BAC limits are set depending on the type of vehicle used: for drivers of cars the BAC limit is set at 0.00g/dl while for drivers of motorcycles and mopeds the legal BAC limit is set at 0.05g/dl c 2013, Helmet observation in Ha Noi, BacNinh, Quang Ninh, Da Nang, Vinh Phuc, and Ho Chi Minh city Trends in reported road tra c deaths DATA NOT AVA I LABLE De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 265 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Higher Trac Council Funded in budget Yes Road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists No Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2015 268 365 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 213 375 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 670 Heavy trucks 22 277 Buses 2 225 Other 28 818 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE Emergency care access number Single number Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers No National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 159 a (77% M, 23% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 252 (95% CI 189 - 333) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 5.3 a Police / Tra c Department, Annual Police Report. Died within 30 days of crash West Bank and Gaza Strip Population: 4 790 705 | Income group: Middle | Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 230 Deaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 24% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 28% Cyclists 2% Pedestrians 33% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 3% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 3% Other 8% Source: 2016, Police / Tra c Department, Annual Police Report Source: Palestinian Statistics Authority and Police Department 0 2 4 6 8 2016201520142013201220112010200920082007 SAFER ROAD USERS Speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual Drink-driving law Yes b BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Testing carried out in case of fatal crash No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — Motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — Seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — Child restraint law Yes Children seated in front seat Allowed in a child restraint Child restraint required Up to 14 yrs Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified Yes c Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — Law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No Drug-driving law Yes b Not based on BAC c Law refers to a device of the type validated by the licensing authority to restrain children under 14 years Trends in reported road tra c deaths De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n 266 L eg isl at ive re vie w co nd uc te d by W HO . V eh icl e s af et y d at a f ro m U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c ol le ct ed by q ue st ion na ire an d cle ar ed by M in ist ry of H ea lth an d Ch ild Ca re . INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Trac Safety Council of Zimbabwe, Ministry of Transport and Infrastructural Development Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Yes Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Partial Inspections / star rating of existing roads Yes Investments to upgrade high risk locations Yes Policies & investment in urban public transport Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for June 2017 1 198 584 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 953 852 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 46 734 Heavy trucks 123 706 Buses 15 007 Other 59 285 Vehicle standards applied (UNECE WP.29) Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No Motorcycle anti-lock braking system No POST-CRASH CARE National emergency care access number National, multiple numbers Trauma registry None Formal certification for prehospital providers Yes National assessment of emergency care systems No DATA Reported road trac fatalities (2016) 1 721 a (56% M, 44% F) WHO estimated road trac fatalities (2016) 5 601 (95% CI 4 602 - 6 599) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population (2016) 34.7 a Zimbabwe Republic Police. Died within 30 days of crash Zimbabwe Population: 16 150 362 | Income group: Low | Gross national income per capita: US$ 940 Trends in reported road tra c deathsDeaths by road user category Drivers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 12% Passengers of 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles 14% Riders of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 10% Pedestrians 14% Drivers and passengers of heavy trucks 18% Drivers and passengers of buses 19% Cyclists 12% Source: 2016, Zimbabwe Republic Police Source: Zimbabwe Republic Police 0 5 10 15 20 25 2015201420132012201120102009200820072006 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h b Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Predominant type of enforcement Manual National drink-driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Some drivers tested Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road trac deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Helmet fastening required Yes Helmet standard referred to and/or specified Yes Children passengers on motorcycles Not restricted Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Children seated in front seat Prohibited under 10 yrs Child restraint required — Child restraint standard referred to and/or specified — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Ban on hand-held mobile phone use Yes Ban on hands-free mobile phone use No National drug-driving law Yes b A 120 km/h speed limits applies on roads having a bituminous surface coat of 6 metres or more in width De at hs p er 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n
SECTION 3 EXPLANATORY NOTES AND STATISTICAL ANNEX EXPLANATORY NOTE 1 METHODOLOGY, DATA COLLECTION, VALIDATION AND ANALYSIS Explanatory Note 1GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 271 Methodology The methodology involved collecting data from a number of different sectors and stakeholders in each country according to the following process. National Data Coordinators (NDCs), who were nominated by their governments, were trained in the project methodology. As representatives of their governments, they were required to identify up to eight other road safety experts within their countries from different sectors (e.g. health, police, transport, nongovernmental organizations and/or academia), to facilitate a consensus meeting with the respondents as well as to support the overall management of data collection process. While each expert responded to the questionnaire based on their expertise, the consensus meeting allowed for discussion of all responses, and the group usedthisdiscussiQPtQCIreeQPQPefiPCNsetQHiPHQrOCtiQPthCtDestrepresePtedtheircQuPtr[ŨssituCtiQP at the time (up to 2017, using the most recent data available). This was then submitted to the World Health Organization (WHO) (see Figure E1). Figure E1: Methodology Global and regional level coordination National data coordinators Data from publicly accessible databases Legislative data NDC submits legislative document on 7 risk factors Legislative analysis carried out by WHO Headquarters National consensus meeting Global NCAP From the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) Global Health Estimates UN population division World Bank database iRAP One national dataset OHficiCNcNeCrCPce of questionnaire by relevant sector Validation of legislative analysis by NDC Questionnaire data Vehicle standards data Global databases Group of +/-8 respondents from different sectors (e.g. health, police, transport, NGOs or academia) 272 National Data Coordinators were asked to submit laws relating to the key behavioural risk factors1. All legislative documents were analysed by lawyers at WHO headquarters who extracted the relevant information needed to assess legislation against predetermined criteria. The legal analysis was then shared with National Data Coordinators and a validation process was undertaken to resolve any data conflicts through discussion and/or submission of new legal documents. A new addition to this report is the comparison of legislation status between December 2014 and December 2017 which gives an indication of the pace and nature of legislative changes for the behavioural risk factors reviewed. To ensure the accuracy of the comparison made, the situation at December 2014 was re-evaluated against relevant additional information and documents received in the GSRRS4 data collection process using harmonized interpretation methods. Changes in the legal data published in last report are detailed in the revision guide available at http://www. who.int/violence_injury_prevention/road_safety_status/2018/en. The methodology used to collect information on vehicle standards was also consistent with the previous report and based on information from the UN World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations2 and interpreted with technical support from Global New Car Assessment Programme (Global NCAP).3 The report includes data from 175 countries/areas out of a total of 195, covering 7.3 billion people (98.1% QHtheYQrNdŨspQpuNCtiQP 6hisiPcNudeshiIhiPcQOecQuPtriesOiddNeiPcQOecQuPtriesCPdǡNQY iPcQOecQuPtries see6CDNe' &CtCQPNeIisNCtiQPCPdpQNiciesrepresePtthecQuPtr[ŨssituCtiQPCsQH ǡ&eceODerYhiNedCtCQPHCtCNitiesCPdXehicNereIistrCtiQPCreHQrQrtheOQstrecePt[eCr for which these data were available. Table E1: Participation in the Global status report on road safety 2018 Region Number of participating countries Number of countries in region % population participating African Region 44 47 93.7 Region of the Americas 30 35 98.2 Eastern Mediterranean Region 19 22 95.5 European Region 51 53 99.9 South-East Asian Region 10 11 98.7 9esterP2Ccific4eIiQP 21 27 99.9 WORLD 175 195 98.1 1 These behavioural risk factors are speed, drink-driving, drug-driving, the use of mobile phones while driving, failure to use motorcycle helmets, seat-belts and child restraints 2 The UN World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations (World Forum the global body responsible for the development of passenger car safety standards), http://www.unece.org/trans/main/wp29/introduction.html 3 Global NCAP is a British organization that conducts testing programmes that will assess the safety of motor vehicles, http://www.globalncap.org/ 273 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Explanatory Note 1 Data collection and validation Questionnaire data The questionnaire used for this report was based on the questionnaire used in the previous report. However, some questions were modified to improve the quality of responses and some were added or deleted. The questionnaire can be downloaded with an accompanying instruction booklet on http://www.who.int/ violence_injury_prevention/road_safety_status/2018/methodology/en/. The questionnaire, protocol and accompanying guidelines and training materials were all available in the six WHO languages (Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish). Where needed, NDCs coordinated the translation of these documents into local languages and then translated back into English for the data entry stage. All data were entered into an on-line database from where data could be extracted for analysis. Data collection began in May 2016 and was completed by December 2017. Data validation involved verifying the data against source documents where available and checking for logical inconsistencies. Discrepancies were referred back to the National Data Coordinators where possible for resolution. Following the validation process, the questionnaire data was submitted by the National Data Coordinator to an online database. Final questionnaires were generated from the online data and were sent to respective governments for review and sign-off. Fatality data Estimates on number of road traffic deaths relied in part on data from questionnaires as well as from other sources (see Explanatory Note 3). However, countries/areas were also asked to provide a breakdown of deaths by road user type. These proportions (where available) are reflected in the country profiles (see Explanatory Note 2) and were derived from: ´ Country reported data in the current questionnaire; ´ If not available from questionnaires, data that countries reported for the previous reports were used. These values were then aggregated into regional and global estimates of deaths by road user type. 274 Legislative data and maps 6hisrepQrtcQNNectediPHQrOCtiQPQPCPuODerQHXCriCDNesreNCtiPItQNeIisNCtiQPQPthefiXeMe[DehCXiQurCN risk factors (speed, drink-driving, failure to use helmets, seat-belts and child restraints) as well as on two emerging risk factors, drug-driving and the use of mobile phones while driving. Criteria analysed for each risk factor are detailed in Table E2 while the interpretation methods for each risk HCctQrCredetCiNediP'ZpNCPCtQr[0QteQPthecQuPtr[prQfiNes The information collected was presented in various ways including: ´ %QuPtr[prQfiNesrepresePtiPICsuOOCr[QHiPHQrOCtiQPHQreCchcQuPtr[ ´ Statistical annex, representing the full data set for each country; ´ Legislative maps, showing an overview of the situation worldwide for each risk factor. In order to code the countries for the legislative maps, three categories were used: ´ Countries4 whose national laws meet all the criteria for best practice: shown in green – criteria considered as representing best practices in light of available evidence5 are highlighted, for each risk factor, in green in Table E2; ´ Countries4 whose national laws are encouraging but where additional efforts are needed for best practice to be met: shown in yellow; ´ Countries4 whose national laws require strong steps to be taken in order to improve their legislation: shown in red. 4 Or, in countries where laws are set at subnational level, where 80% of subnational entities meet selected criteria, except for The Federated States of Micronesia where the threshold was set at 75% as there are 4 subnational entities 2edeP/etCNeditQrs9QrNdrepQrtQPrQCdtrCHficiPLur[preXePtiQP)ePeXC9QrNd*eCNthOrICPi\CtiQP 275 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Explanatory Note 1 Vehicle standard data Data on vehicle standards were collected using information from the UN World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations, the primary global body responsible for the development of passenger car safety. Technical support on analysing and interpreting this data was provided by Global NCAP7. Note that while these data are based on international regulations, in some countries where national regulations are considered to be equivalent to the UN standards (US, Canada, Republic of Korea, China, India, Brazil) these data are used instead. The data collected were based on the following eight variables: ´ Frontal impact: UN regulation 94. Note that US regulation 208 is considered equivalent. ´ Side impact: UN regulation 95. Note that US regulation 214 is considered equivalent. ´ 'NectrQPic5tCDiNit[%QPtrQN 70reIuNCtiQP*0QtethCt75reIuNCtiQP(/855iscQPsideredeSuiXCNePt ´ Pedestrian protection: UN Regulation 127 ´ 5eCtDeNts 70reIuNCtiQP0QtethCt75reIuNCtiQP(/855iscQPsideredeSuiXCNePt ´ Seat-belt anchorages: UN regulation 14. Note that US regulation FMVSS 210 is considered equivalent. ´ Child restraints: UN regulations 44 and 129. Note that US regulation FMVSS213 is considered equivalent. ´ Motorcycle anti-lock braking system UN Regulation 78. More information on each of these regulations is included in Section 3. Data on the three variables considered to be particularly important among these seven (frontal impact, electronic stability control and pedestrian prQtectiQP CreiPcNudediPthecQuPtr[prQfiNes6hereOCiPiPIXCriCDNesCreshQYPiPthe6CDNe#QHthe statistical annex. *QstedD[the7Pited0CtiQPs'cQPQOic%QOOissiQPHQr'urQpe 70'%' the709QrNd(QruOHQr*CrOQPi\CtiQPQH8ehicNe4eIuNCtiQPs 9QrNd(QruOthe global body responsible for the development of passenger car safety standards). http://www.unece.org/trans/main/wp29/introduction.html 7 Global New Car Assessment Programme (Global NCAP) is a British organization that conducts testing programmes that will assess the safety of motor vehicles. http://www.globalncap.org/ 276 Table E2: Legislative criteria assessed relating to seven behavioural risk factors Risk factors Legislative criteria assessed Speed National speed law in place Speed limits on urban roads ≤ 50 km/h Local authorities have the power to modify national speed limits Speed limit on rural roads Speed limits on motorways Drink-driving National drink-driving law in place Drink-driving law is based on BAC or equivalent BrAC BAC limit for general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit for young/ novice drivers ≤ 0.02 g/dl BAC limit for commercial/ professional drivers Motorcycle helmets National motorcycle helmet law in place Law applies to motorcycle drivers and adult passengers Law applies to all road types Law applies to all engine types Law requires helmet to be properly fastened Law refers to and/or specifies a helmet standard Law restricts child passengers on motorcycles Seat-belts National seat-belt law in place Law applies to drivers and front seat passengers Law applies to rear seat passengers Child restraints National child restraint law in place Law requires child restraint use at least until 10 yrs /135cm Law refers to and/or specifies a child restraint standard Law restricts children under a certain age or height from sitting in front seat Drug-driving National Drug-driving law in place Mobile phones National law on mobile phone while driving is in place Law applies to hand-held phones Law applies to hands-free phones Risk factors Criteria representing best practices Additional criteria presented in the country profile and/or the statistical annex
EXPLANATORY NOTE 2 COUNTRY/AREA PROFILES Explanatory Note 2GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 279 6hecQuPtr[prQfiNesshQYPQPpCIespresePtCseNectiQPQHcQreiPHQrOCtiQPCDQutrQCdsCHet[ CsrepQrtedD[eCchQHthepCrticipCtiPIcQuPtries/CreCs6hecQuPtr[prQfiNesCrepresePtediPCNphCDeticCN order. Additional national data can also be found in the Tables of the Statistical Annexes (Tables A2–A12). Data reported for population were extracted from the United Nations Population Division database8ǡ YhiNe IrQssPCtiQPCNiPcQOe )0+ percCpitCHQrthe[eCrcCOeHrQO9QrNd$CPMestiOCtes9ǡ 9herePQ dCtCYereCXCiNCDNeHQrpuDNisheddCtCHQrtheNCtest[eCrYereused6he9QrNd$CPM#tNCsOethQd was used to categorize GNI into bands thus: ´ .QYiPcQOe 75ǡQrNess ´ /iddNeiPcQOe 75ǡtQ75ǡ ´ *iIhiPcQOe 75ǡQrOQre Flags were obtained from the World Flag Database10. Flags and country names were the latest available CtthetiOeQHfiPCNi\iPItherepQrt 5epteODer 6hesectiQPsDeNQYreHNecttheYC[iPHQrOCtiQPisstructurediPeCchQHthe%QuPtr[2rQfiNes6he[iPcNude details on how data on certain variables are presented and should be interpreted. Variables were coded CsūťŬiHtheiPHQrOCtiQPYCsuPCXCiNCDNeQrPQPCppNicCDNeQriHrespQPdePtshCdticMedCū&QPŨtMPQYŬ response. Dates provided for data sources refer to the year in which these data were published, rather than the year that the data relate to, unless indicated otherwise. Data collected by questionnaire were submitted through a consensus meeting (unless otherwise indicated). 'CchcQuPtr[prQfiNeiPdicCtesthe/iPistr[thCtCpprQXedthisSuestiQPPCiredCtC uPNessQtherYiseiPdicCted &CtCQPNeIisNCtiQPYereDCsedQP9*OŨsCssessOePtCPdeZtePsiXeXCNidCtiQPQHthisiPHQrOCtiQPYith 0CtiQPCN&CtC%QQrdiPCtQrsCNthQuIhitYCsPQtQHficiCNN[cNeCredD[theIQXerPOePt/iPistr[ 8 Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat (June 2017). World population Prospects: The 2017 Revision, Highlights. New York: United Nations 9 World Development Indicators database, World Bank, November 2017 http://databank.worldbank.org/data/download/site-content/CLASS.xls 10 http://www.flags.net 280 Institutional framework A lead agency is considered to be the institution (either stand alone, or within a Ministry) that coordinates road safety at a national level. Information on the existence of a national road safety strategy is indicated as “Yes” or “No”. Where countries have multiple national strategies on road safety this is always represented as “Yes”. Where countries indicated they have a fatality reduction target, information on this target is included as well as the relevant time period. Specific fatality targets are indicated either as absolute numbers of deaths, or as a rate per 100 000 population or per vehicle registered, depending on availability. Safer roads and mobility ´ Information on audits or star rating of new road infrastructure projects is reported as “Yes”, “No”, or Partial. ´ Information on inspections/star ratings of existing road infrastructure projects is reported as “Yes” or “No”. Yes responses where those where respondents answered Yes for existence of formal road safety inspections and/or existence of star rating assessments. Those countries for which respondents answered Yes only for existence of maintenance safety inspections are reported as No. ´ Design standards for the safety of pedestrians and cyclists is reported as “Yes”, “No”, or “Partial”. “Yes” responses included the provision of the following: Managing speed to safe system outcomes (e.g. 20 mph or 30 km/h); Safe crossings for pedestrians and cyclists; and Separation of pedestrians and cyclists from vehicular traffic. If 1-2 of the provisions were met, responses are reflected as “Partial”. Safer vehicles Total registered vehicles for 2016: Information about the total number of vehicles in the country includes only registered vehicles, and various categories of such vehicles. This is a cumulative number of vehicles in circulation in 2016 (or the most recent year for which data were available) not the number of vehicles brought into circulation in a particular year. In some cases where new data were not available, the figure from the 2015 Global status report has been used and footnoted to indicate this source. In a few countries the number of vehicles in subcategories did not add up to the total number provided. In some countries, respondents noted that a substantial proportion of the vehicle fleet may not be registered. 281 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Explanatory Note 2 Vehicle standards applied: Information on vehicle standards presented in this report is derived from UNECE11 and comprise the following: ´ Frontal impact standard (UN Regulation 94 or equivalent national standard), an important minimum standard for crashworthiness; ´ Electronic stability control and anti-skid system (Regulation 13H or GTR 8), relevant to crash avoidance; ´ Pedestrian protection (Regulation 127 or GTR 9), important for protection of non-car occupants involved in a crash; and ´ Motorcycle anti-lock braking system (Regulation 78) which help the rider maintain control of the motorcycle vehicle during an emergency braking situation Post-crash care ´ National emergency care access number is reported as “National, single number”, “National multiple number”, and “Partial coverage”. Countries with “National, single number” comprised those that had one single emergency care services access number with total country coverage, and also those having some additional numbers with partial coverage. Countries with “National multiple numbers” comprised those that had multiple emergency care services access numbers that, taken together, provide total country coverage. Countries with “Partial coverage” comprised those that had one or more emergency care services access numbers with partial country coverage overall with areas of the country remaining uncovered. ´ 6rCuOCreIistr[XCriCDNeiPdicCtesYhetherthereYCsCreIistr[iPpNCceCPdPQtYhetheritYCsreIiQPCNǡ/ national or sentinel in nature. ´ (QrOCNcertificCtiQPpCthYC[HQrprehQspitCNprQXidersreHerstQC)QXerPOePtQr)QXerPOePtePdQrsed pCthYC[HQrOedicstechPiciCPsPursesQrQtherstQDespecificCNN[certifiedCsprehQspitCNprQXiders ´ Assessment of emergency care systems conducted at the national level comprised the comprehensive assessment of the prehospital and facility-based emergency care systems. 11 http://www.unece.org/trans/main/wp29/introduction.html 282 Data ´ Reported numbers of road traffic deaths are included in the Country Profiles, with a footnote to indicate the source of data and the definition of a road traffic death that was used. ´ The estimated number of road traffic deaths is included based on the methodology described in Explanatory Note 3. Where this number was based on a negative binomial regression model, a 95% Confidence Interval is also shown. ´ The estimated rate per 100 000 population is based on the estimated number of road traffic deaths referred to above. ´ Data on the breakdown by sex may be from a different source to the official road traffic data and are converted to proportions. The proportion of deaths where the sex was unknown has not been reported in the profiles. As a result, proportions may not add up to 100% due to remaining proportions being due to cases of unknown sex. Proportions may also not add up to 100% due to rounding off or when partial information was available (indicated in a footnote). ´ Reported fatality data from different countries are not necessarily comparable, as different definitions and timeframes have been used (these are noted in the footnotes or in brackets behind the data). However, the WHO estimates (both absolute numbers and rate per 100 000) allow for comparisons between countries. For more information on the fatality data see Explanatory Note 3. ´ The standard colour coding of the pie charts used to represent road user deaths in the categories requested in the questionnaire is shown below. Additional categories are represented by non-standard colours as indicated in the specific Country Profiles. ´ Graphs on reported road traffic fatality trends are shown either as road traffic death rates per 100 000 population (solid line) or as an absolute number of road traffic deaths (dotted line), depending on which data were supplied by the country. While many countries track decades’ worth of trend data, only a 10-year period is depicted here. ´ For countries providing less than 5 years’ road traffic fatality trend data, this information is presented in a tabular format instead of a graph. 283 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Explanatory Note 2 ´ For countries with small populations where the numbers of deaths are under 50, absolute numbers of deaths rather than rates are shown. Note that in cases where data were only available for regions within a country, this information is indicated in a footnote. Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles Occupants 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers Drivers motorized 2- or 3-wheelers Pillion riders Cyclists Pedestrians Drivers/passengers heavy trucks Drivers/passengers buses Other/uspecified Drivers (all vehicles) Passengers (all vehicles) Drivers and passengers (all vehicles) Safer road users Data provided in this section is extracted from the questionnaire and the legislative analysis undertaken by WHO Headquarters in collaboration with NDCs. Enforcement: respondents were asked, as individuals, to rate the effectiveness of enforcement of various elements of national road safety legislation based on their professional opinion or perception. These responses – on a scale of 0 to 10, where 0 is “not effective” and 10 is “highly effective” – are reflected here. A median of these scores is presented. Median enforcement figures are rounded off. It should be noted that these scores are subjective and should be seen only as an indication of how enforcement is perceived in the country. Many respondents expressed difficulty in assessing law enforcement at a national level since it often varies from region to region within a country and the intensity of the enforcement may vary at different times. Some countries did not wish to provide enforcement scores. Speed: Speed limits reported here (and in the statistical tables) are the default speed limits on urban roads, rural roads and motorways for private passenger cars. The speed limits have been, where needed, converted to kilometres per hour. ‘Default speed limit’ was interpreted as the maximum speed limit applying in normal circumstances (regardless of weather, roadworks, special events, etc.) on the road type considered. 284 #srQCdcNCssificCtiQPsXCr[IreCtN[HrQOcQuPtr[tQcQuPtr[0CtiQPCN&CtC%QQrdiPCtQrsYereCsMedtQ cQPfirOQrcQrrectspeedNiOitsrepQrtediPtheNeICNCPCN[sisHQrthediHHerePtt[pesQHrQCdsCccQrdiPItQthe defiPitiQPsusediPthecQuPtr[cQPcerPed+PcQuPtriesYhere0CtiQPCN&CtC%QQrdiPCtQrshCXeiPdicCted that motorways do not exist in their country, this is noted with a footnote. In some countries, the legislation does not articulate speed limits by road type but only by vehicle type. +PthesecQuPtriesthespeedNiOitprQXidedHQrpriXCtepCssePIercCrsisrepQrtediPthecQuPtr[prQfiNeCPd statistical annex for all road types, with a footnote indicating that this is a speed limit set per vehicle type and not based on the road type. The criterion «local authorities able to modify speed limit» is answered Yes if the speed limit can be altered at NQcCNNeXeNiPCP[YC[ decreCsedCPd/QriPcreCsed 6hedefiPitiQPQHNQcCNCuthQritiesisiPterpretedDrQCdN[ as any entity that is not from the central system of government (i.e. not from a national ministry) having a jurisdiction over a local area whether the local area is a region, a province, a district, a department or a city. This criterion is automatically answered Yes for countries in which laws are set at subnational level if at least 80% of subnational entities of the country have set their own speed laws.12 Drink-driving: Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) limits (or breath alcohol limits converted to BAC limits) refer to the maximum amount of alcohol legally acceptable in the blood of a driver on the road – i.e. theDNQQdCNcQhQNNeXeNCDQXeYhichCdriXerOC[DepuPishedD[NCY6hisfiIureisprQXidedHQrtheIePerCN population, and for young/novice drivers in grams per decilitre (g/dl). This survey gathered information on drink-driving laws regardless of the legal status of alcohol in the country. Where alcohol consumption was NeICNN[prQhiDitediPCcQuPtr[CsrepQrtediPthefiPCNcQuPtr[SuestiQPPCirethisisiPdicCtedD[CHQQtPQte BAC limits are reported with a dash (“—”) for countries that have a drink-driving law that is not based on blood (or equivalent breath) alcohol concentration, and with a corresponding footnote. ´ 6heuseQHrCPdQODreCthtestiPIisiPdicCtedDCsedQPcQuPtriesŨrepQrtsQHYhetherQrPQtsuchtestiPI iscCrriedQutiPprCctice6hQsecQuPtriesYhereNeIisNCtiQPspecificCNN[prQhiDitspriOCr[ePHQrceOePt of drink-driving laws, and thus random breath testing, are indicated as such in a footnote. ´ Deaths attributable to drink-driving were included only when the estimate was based on a published source. In many cases these are not national estimates (as indicated in the source). These estimates are rounded up. 12 Or in the case of Micronesia (Federated States of), if at least 75% of the subnational entities have enacted speed laws 285 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Explanatory Note 2 Motorcycle helmets: A country is interpreted as having a helmet law covering all riders where the law requires helmet use for both the driver and the (adult) passenger, on all road types and for all types of motorcycles (regardless of engine type). A reference to « riders » in the law is understood to include both drivers and passengers. Countries where helmet laws apply only to certain types of roads, at certain times or in certain areas were interpreted as not providing sufficient coverage to be considered as applying to all drivers and passengers. The criteria «Law refers to and/or specifies a helmet standard» is answered Yes if the law refers to: ´ a specific standard (such as ECE 22 or a national standard), or ´ an authority in charge of setting such a standard, or ´ regulations or rules to specify or develop a standard. Information on the actual adoption of the regulations prescribing a helmet standard was not always available; in case where the NDCs indicated that the standard had not yet been set, a corresponding footnote was included in the country profile. The criteria « children passengers on motorcycles » shows whether a country restricts children as passengers on motorcycles and if yes, for what age group. For information on motorcycle helmet rates (derived from the final country questionnaires), these data were included only when a published source was indicated. The most disaggregated data are presented here, i.e. separate figures are provided for drivers and passengers where this information was provided. Note that the information provided for drivers and passengers does not necessarily represent the same year, nor come from the same source, as indicated in the corresponding footnotes. The data on passenger rates refer to adult passengers unless otherwise indicated. In many cases these are not national estimates (as indicated in the source). Seat-belts: A country is interpreted as having a seat-belt law covering all occupants where the law requires seat-belt use for the driver, front seat passenger and rear seat passengers at all times and on all roads. Countries where seat-belt laws apply only at certain times or on certain roads were interpreted as having a national seat belt law not applying to all occupants. 286 For information on seat-belt wearing rates (derived from the final country questionnaires), these data were included only when a published source was indicated. Where available, information on wearing rates disaggregated by front and rear seat occupants was used. Where respondents provided explanatory information on these data, for example, a source or information on geographical coverage, this information is summarized in the footnotes. Note that the information provided for front seat and rear seat occupants does not necessarily represent the same year, nor come from the same source, as indicated in the corresponding footnotes. Child restraints: A country is interpreted as having a child restraint law where the country requires the mandatory use of child restraint systems for an identified group of children based on either their height and/or their age and/or their weight. Child restraints include rear-facing child restraints, forward facing child restraints as well as booster seats. Regular (adult) seat-belts, on their own, are not counted as appropriate child restraints. Countries whose legislation required that children within a certain age group/height be restrained either by a seat-belt or in a child restraint use were reported as not having a child restraint law for this age group/height. Countries that referred to child restraint use for children seated in the front only (and not in the rear) were reported as not having a child restraint law. Countries that referred to either child restraint use or “other means” were considered as not meeting the criteria “standard”, and this detail was reflected in a footnote in the country profile. The age and/or height reported for the criteria “child restraint required” corresponds to the period for which only child restraint systems are allowed to restrain children (i.e. no other form of restraint is allowed such as seat-belts only, “other means” etc.). The criterion «Law refers to and/or specifies a standard» is answered Yes if the law refers to: ´ a specific standard (such as ECE 44 or ECE 129), or ´ an authority in charge of setting such a standard, or ´ regulations or rules to specify or develop a standard. Information on the actual adoption of the regulations prescribing a standard was not always available; in case where the NDCs indicated that the standard had not yet been set, a corresponding footnote was included in the country profile. 287 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Explanatory Note 2 The criterion « children seated in front » shows whether a country restricts children as passengers in the front seat and if so, what is the restriction set (complete ban, or subject to placing the child in a restraint) and for which age group. Information on rates of child restraint use (derived from the final country questionnaires) are presented when a source was provided for the estimate and are included in the most disaggregated form available. Most countries that provided this data, however, had data on children in restraints that was not broken down by age group. Note that where multiple studies are available this information does not necessarily represent the same year, nor come from the same source, as indicated in the corresponding footnotes. References 1. Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat (June 2017). World population Prospects: The 2017 Revision, Highlights. New York: United Nations. 2. World Development Indicators database, World Bank, November 2017. http://databank.worldbank.org/data/reports.aspx?source=World-Development-Indicators EXPLANATORY NOTE 3 ESTIMATION OF TOTAL ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS Explanatory Note 3GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 289 Background During the process of preparing the fourth Global status report on road safety, WHO generated estimates QHrQCdtrCHficdeCthsHQrHQrCNN/eODer5tCtes4QCdtrCHficdeCthsYereestiOCtedD[DuiNdiPIQP the methods used in the third global report by improving and updating the database of vital registration, the data collection instrument (survey) and the database of the covariates for regressions. These estimates were used to generate regional and global estimates, while estimates for individual countries are included in the report only for the 175 countries that participated in the survey. Death registration information is submitted to WHO regularly by Ministries of Health from around the world, CPdOQstiscQdedusiPIthe+PterPCtiQPCN%NCssificCtiQPQH&iseCsesth or 10th revisions (1, 2, 3). Using this cNCssificCtiQPCNNdeCthsthCtHQNNQYHrQOCrQCdtrCHficdeCthCrecQuPtedCssuchreICrdNessQHthetiOe periQdiPYhichthe[Qccur uPNiMeOCP[QHficiCNrQCdtrCHficsurXeiNNCPcedCtCsQurcesYhererQCdtrCHfic deCthdCtCCreDCsedQPCdC[defiPitiQPHQNNQYiPICrQCdtrCHficcrCsh 9*OCppNiescertCiPcriteriCtQ ascertain the quality of this death registration data and where the death registration data were considered to be of high quality these data were used for this report13. For those countries without such good vital registration data, and for which other sources of information on causes of death were unavailable14, the estimates were based on covariates (some collected in the surXe[QH/eODer5tCtesQthersHrQOCXCiNCDNepuDNishedsQurces 6hereIressiQPOQdeNsYerefittedtQ dCtCHQrtheperiQdŤCtiOeseriesHQreCchcQXCriCteYCsusedHQrthisperiQdHQreCch/eODer 5tCtes6heiOprQXedreIressiQPOQdeNestiOCtedrQCdtrCHficdeCths CNNCIesDQthseZes CsCHuPctiQPQH a set of covariates that include measures of economic development, road transport factors and legislation, road use and safety governance/enforcement and health system access. Due to the availability of new data, and updated time series for many covariates used in the regression, estiOCtesHQrtheHuNNtiOeserieshCXeDeePreXised*ePcethe9*OestiOCtesCrePQtdirectN[ comparable to previous WHO estimates published in the previous global status reports on road safety (4, 5). 6heestiOCtiQPrepresePtstheDestestiOCtesQH9*OHQrHCtCNitiesthCtQccurredduriPICPd earlier years, based on the evidence available up to September 2018. These estimates are not necessarily theQHficiCNestiOCtesQH/eODer5tCtesHQrthCt[eCrCPdCrePQtPecessCriN[ePdQrsedD[/eODer5tCtes However, during the preparation of the report a consultation letter was sent to each Member State that 13 For details on criteria used to assess quality of vital registration data see reference 3 and Explanatory Note in references 4 and 5. 14 However, in some countries other sources of information on deaths were used: where total deaths reported from the national surveillance system were greater than the deaths estimated from the regression or from the death registration data, these were used. 290 participated in this fourth Global status report on road safety explaining the methodology used during this estimation process and the latest data used for this purpose. In order to allow global and regional comparisons to previous years, the global and regional estimates for previous years were recalculated based on the new data and methods used for 2016. Approaches to estimation As in the second and third reports, there are four groups of countries and the estimation methodology for each group is described in detail below. 1. Countries with death registration data This group includes 86 countries with death registration data meeting the following completeness criteria: completeness for the year estimated at 80% or more, or average completeness for the decade including the country-year was 80% or more. Total road traffic deaths were calculated from the death registration data and population data reported to WHO as follows. Injury deaths classified as “undetermined intent” were redistributed pro-rata across all unintentional and intentional injury categories within age-sex groups. These data were then used to compute age-sex-specific death rates for road traffic deaths. Where completeness was assessed at less than 100%, death rates were adjusted for incompleteness by multiplying by (100/ completeness %). These death rates were applied to the UN estimates of population by 5-year age group and sex (World Population Prospects 2016) to estimate total road traffic deaths for each country-year. These countries fall into three categories: ´ Countries with death registration data for year 2016 where the estimated road traffic deaths for 2016 exceeded number reported from the surveillance system. The death-registration based estimate is used. This category contains 9 countries. ´ Countries where the latest death registration data submitted to WHO is earlier than 2015 but not earlier than 2007. Deaths in year 2016 were estimated based on a projection of the most recent death registration data using the trends in reported surveillance data: this category contains 54 countries. ´ Countries where the reported number of road traffic deaths adjusted to unlimited time for 2016 exceeded the estimate based on death registration data. For 23 countries, the reported road traffic deaths were used for year 2016. 291 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Explanatory Note 3 2. Countries with other sources of information on causes of death For India, Thailand and Viet Nam, data on total deaths by cause were available for a single year or very few earlier years. These data sources are documented in Annex B of the Global Burden of Disease: 2004 update report (WHO 2008) and as well as some more recent studies submitted to WHO. For these countries, the regression method described below was used to project forward from the most recent year for which an estimate of total road traffic deaths was available. 3. Countries with populations less than 150 000 For 9 small countries with populations less than 150 000 and which did not have eligible death registration data, regression estimates were not used. The reported deaths were used directly without adjustment. 4. Countries without eligible death registration data For these countries without death registration data at least 80% complete and with populations greater than 150 000, a regression model was used to estimate total road traffic deaths. As for the first report, we used a negative binomial regression model, appropriate for modeling non-negative integer count data (number of road traffic deaths) (Law 2009, Hilbe 2007). A likelihood ratio test was used to assess that the negative binomial model provided a better fit to the data than a Poisson model (where the variance of the data is constrained to equal the mean). (1) lnN = C + β1X1 + β2X2 + ... + βnXn + lnPop + ε where N is the total road traffic deaths (for a country-year), C is a constant term, Xi are a set of explanatory covariates, Pop is the population for the country-year, and ε is the negative binomial error term. Population was used as exposure, making it possible to interpret the coefficients (βi) for the independent variables as effects on rates rather than a count. In a previous study, this type of model was used to represent «accident proneness» (Greenwood and Yule, 1920). Karlaftis and Tarko (1998) have also found a negative binomial regression model to be the appropriate for count data such as road traffic fatalities. The parameters β1, β2, β3 ··· βn (equation 1) were estimated by fitting the negative binomial regression model to estimated total road traffic deaths for all country-years in the range 2000-2016 meeting the completeness criteria. by using the number of road of traffic deaths from countries from group 1 described above. We chose three models (Models A, B and C) that had good in-sample- and out-of-sample fit, and for 292 which all the covariates were statistically significant and overall estimation is the average of the prediction of these three best models. The table below describes the covariates used for our model: Table E3: Covariates used in the model Independent variables Description Source of information Included in models ln (GDP) World Development Indicators (2017) and WHO estimates of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita (international dollars or purchasing power parity dollars, 2011 base) World bank and WHO database Models A, B, C ln (vehicles per capita) Total vehicles per 1000 persons GSRRS surveys and WHO database Models A, B, C Road density Total roads (km) per 1000 hectares International Futures database Models A, B, C National speed limits on rural roads The maximum national speed limits on rural roads (km/h) from WHO questionnaire GSRRS survey Models A, B, C National speed limits on urban roads The maximum national speed limits on urban roads (km/h) from WHO questionnaire GSRRS survey Models A, B, C Health system access Health system access variable (principal component score based on a set of coverage indicators for each country) Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation dataset Models A, B, C Alcohol apparent consumption Liters of alcohol (recorded plus unrecorded) per adult aged 15+ WHO database Models A, B, C Population working Proportion of population aged 15–64 years World Population Prospects 2017 revision Models A, B, C Percentage motorbikes Per cent of total vehicles that are motorbikes GSRRS survey Model B Corruption index Control of corruption index (units range from about -2.5 to +2.5 with higher values corresponding to better control of corruption World Bank (Kaufmann et al 2009), International Futures database Model B National policies for walking /cycling Existence of national policies that encourage walking and / or cycling GSRRS survey Model C Population Total population (used as offset in negative binomial regression World Population Prospects 2017 revision (UNDESA) Models A, B, C 293 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Explanatory Note 3 Table E4: Overview of methods used to obtain comparable country estimates Estimation method Country GROUP 1 Countries/areas with good death registration data Argentina, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China (14, 15), Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechia, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Estonia, Fiji, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Guyana, Hungary, Iceland, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Maldives, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Montenegro, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Oman, Panama, Paraguay, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Republic of Korea, Republic of Moldova, Romania, Russian Federation, Saint Lucia, Serbia, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), West Bank and Gaza Strip GROUP 2 Countries with other sources of cause of death information India (16,17,18), Thailand, Viet Nam GROUP 3 Countries with populations less than 150 000 Antigua and Barbuda, Cook Islands, Dominica, Grenada, Kiribati, Micronesia (Federated States of), San Marino, Seychelles, Tonga GROUP 4 Countries without eligible death registration data Afghanistan, Albania, Angola, Armenia, Bangladesh, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cabo Verde, Cambodia, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Honduras, Indonesia, Iraq, Jordan, Kenya, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Mauritania, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Rwanda, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Sudan, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Syrian Arab Republic, Tajikistan, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, United Republic of Tanzania, Vanuatu, Zimbabwe 294 References 1. World Health Organization. International Classification of Diseases – 9th Revision. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1975. 2. World Health Organization. International Classification of Diseases – 10th Revision. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1990. 3. The global burden of disease: 2004 update. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2008 (http://www. who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/2004_report_update/en/ , accessed 15 September 2015). 4. Global status report on road safety: time for action. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2009. 5. Global status report on road safety 2013 Supporting a Decade of Action. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2013.Global status report on road safety 2015. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2015 6. Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat (June 2013). World population Prospects: The 2012 Revision, Highlights. New York: United Nations. 7. Law TH. The effects of political governance, policy measures and economic growth on the Kuznets relationship in motor vehicle crash deaths. Ph.D thesis, University of London, 2009. 8. Hilbe JM. Negative Binomial Regression. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2007. 9. Greenwood M. Yule GU. An enquiry into the nature of frequency distributions representative of multiple happenings with particular reference to the occurrence of multiple attacks of disease or of repeated accidents. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society (Series A), 1920, 83, 255-279. 10. Karlaftis MG., Tarko AP. Heterogeneity considerations in accident modeling. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 1998, 30:425-433. 295 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Explanatory Note 3 11. The International Futures (IFs) modeling system, version 6.5.4. Frederick S. Pardee Center for International Futures, Josef Korbel School of International Studies, University of Denver, www.ifs.du.edu. 12. Myerson R et al. Safe pregnancy and delivery: a systematic analysis of the trends in the coverage of antenatal and intrapartumcare. Presentation at Global Health Metrics and Evaluation Conference 2011: Controversies, Innovation, Accountability, Seattle, Washington, 14–16 March 2011. 13. Kaufmann D, Kraay A, Mastruzzi M. Governance Matters VIII: Governance Indicators for 1996-2008. World Bank Policy Research. 2009 14. Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 全国疾病监测系统死 因监测数据集 [National Disease Surveillance System monitoring causes of death 2012]. Beijing, Military Medical Science Press, 2013. 15. Vital registration data received from Center for Health Statistics and Information Ministry of Healthy, Beijing, China. 16. Causes of death in India in 2001–2003. New Delhi, Registrar General of India, Government of India, 2009. 17. Aleksandrowicz L, Malhotra V, Dikshit R, Gupta P, Kumar R, Sheth J, Rathi S, Suraweera W, Miasnikof P, Jotkar R, Sinha D, Awasthi S, Bhatia P, Jha P. Performance criteria for verbal autopsy-based systems to estimate national causes of death: development and application to the Indian Million Death Study. BMC Medicine 2014, 12:21 18. Registrar General of India and the Centre for Global Health Research. Causes of Death Statistics for India 2010-2013. A Joint Report of the Registrar General of India and the Centre for Global Health Research. Government of India Ministry of Home Affairs – Sample Registration System, 2015. (http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011- common/Sample_Registration_System.html) STATISTICAL ANNEX 297 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 TABLE A1: NATIONAL DATA COORDINATORS BY COUNTRY / AREA AND WHO REGION Country / Area Region Name of National data coordinator(s) Angola Africa Noélia Loureiro Teixeira Benin Africa Ismaël Mohamed Hoteyi Botswana Africa Amos Kgwefane Motshegwe Burkina Faso Africa Casimir Sanon Burundi Africa Godefroid Kamwenubusa Cabo Verde Africa António Joao Gomes dos Santos Cameroon Africa Christophe Abouna Central African Republic Africa Paul Balekouzou Chad Africa Mahamat Gocke Comoros Africa Nassif Kaissane Congo Africa Yoga Itoua Yoyo Ambianzi Côte d’Ivoire Africa Tidjane Amadou Kamagate Democratic Republic of the Congo Africa Christophe Mwaluka Equatorial Guinea Africa Salvador Emana Edu Eritrea Africa Kahsay Araya Ghebretensae Eswatini Africa Nokuthula Mahlalela Ethiopia Africa Ebriza Mudesir Gabon Africa Vladimir Soami Gambia Africa Essa Drammeh Ghana Africa Gabriel Adu-Sarpong Guinea Africa Luc Kezely Beavogui Guinea-Bissau Africa Cristovao Manjuba Kenya Africa Gladwell Gathecha Lesotho Africa Sejojo Phaaroe Liberia Africa Fulton Shannon II Madagascar Africa 'uNCNie4C\CfiPdrCPC\[ Malawi Africa Jones Kaponda Masiye Mali Africa Ousmane Maiga Mauritania Africa Moussa Abdellahi Mauritius Africa Mahmad Saeed Jewon Mozambique Africa Napoleao Salomao Sumbane Namibia Africa Laina Shigwedha Niger Africa Abdou Abdoul-Aziz Nigeria Africa Kayode Olagunju Rwanda Africa Dominique Rurangirwa Sao Tome and Principe Africa Celso Matos Senegal Africa Bineta Sene Seychelles Africa Patrick Andre South Africa Africa 4efiNYe/QPICNe South Sudan Africa Komuri Lea Muja Ayub Togo Africa Kossi Dzinyefa Atabuh Uganda Africa Benedict Byamugisha 298 Country / Area Region Name of National data coordinator(s) United Republic of Tanzania Africa Tabitha Makaranga Zimbabwe Africa Lee Nkala Antigua and Barbuda Americas Valarie Williams Argentina Americas Veronica Heler Barbados Americas Denise Carter Taylor Belize Americas Jesse Chun Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Americas Ana María Suxo Brazil Americas Cheila Marina de Lima Canada Americas Paul Boase Chile Americas Carla Medina Aros Colombia Americas Andrea Acero Álvarez Costa Rica Americas Teresa Guzmán Cuba Americas Yania Pla Ramírez Dominica Americas Shalauddin Ahmed Dominican Republic Americas Miguelina Figueroa Ecuador Americas Klever Almerida El Salvador Americas Silvia Argentina Morán de Garcia Grenada Americas Shawn Charles Guatemala Americas Yonni Aguilar Guyana Americas Ramona Doorgen Honduras Americas Dario Roberto Cálix Alvarado Jamaica Americas Andriene Grant Mexico Americas Ricardo Pérez Núñez Panama Americas Rey Fuentes Rodríguez Paraguay Americas Alberto Didier Gonzalez Cabello Peru Americas Joel Gilberto Collazos Carhuay Saint Lucia Americas Phil Leon Suriname Americas Johanna Lakhisaran Trinidad and Tobago Americas Carla Ruiz United States of America Americas Ann Dellinger Uruguay Americas Pablo Posada Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Americas Sarai Patricia Castro Gilly Afghanistan Eastern Mediterranean Adiba Adib Egypt Eastern Mediterranean Ramy Gameel Saied Elnazer Iran (Islamic Republic of) Eastern Mediterranean Mashyaneh Haddadi Iraq Eastern Mediterranean Shakir Kadhim Rubayi Katea Jordan Eastern Mediterranean Mohammad Zaal Mousa Aloudat, Malek Ayed Falah Alhabashneh Kuwait Eastern Mediterranean Jassim Ibrahim Al Kandary Lebanon Eastern Mediterranean Kamel Ibrahim, Ramzi Salamé Libya Eastern Mediterranean Ali Shabban Altounsi Morocco Eastern Mediterranean Ahmad Bardan 299 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Region Name of National data coordinator(s) Oman Eastern Mediterranean Mohamed Said Alyazidi Pakistan Eastern Mediterranean Samra Mazhar Qatar Eastern Mediterranean Thaera Abdulwahid Muslat Saudi Arabia Eastern Mediterranean Faisal Faisal Murdhi Alanazi Somalia Eastern Mediterranean Farhia Qasim Sudan Eastern Mediterranean Fatima Elhassan Eisa Syrian Arab Republic Eastern Mediterranean Taufik Ismail Hasaba Tunisia Eastern Mediterranean Naoufel Somrani, Henda Chebbi United Arab Emirates Eastern Mediterranean Essam M. N. Howayyer West Bank and Gaza Strip Eastern Mediterranean Imad Aldeen Mahmoud Al Masry Albania Europe Gentiana Qirjako Armenia Europe Kristina Gyurjyan Austria Europe Martin Labuda Azerbaijan Europe Rustam Talishinskiy Belarus Europe Aleksandr Beletski Belgium Europe Wouter Van den Berghe Bosnia and Herzegovina Europe Dalibor Pejovic Bulgaria Europe Galia Tsolova Croatia Europe Ivana Brkic Bilos Cyprus Europe Vasos Scoutellas Czechia Europe Alena Švancarová Denmark Europe Lartey G. Lawson Estonia Europe Reigo Ude Finland Europe Riikka Rajamäki France Europe Joel Valmain Georgia Europe Tamar Chachava Germany Europe Horst Schulzes Greece Europe George Yannis Hungary Europe Péter Csizmadia Iceland Europe Gunnar Geir Gunnarsson Ireland Europe John Carroll Israel Europe Kobi Peleg Italy Europe Maria Giuseppina Lecce Kazakhstan Europe Batpenov Nurlan Dzhumagulovich Kyrgyzstan Europe Samatbek Toimatov Latvia Europe Eva Ramuse Lithuania Europe Aida Laukaitienė Luxembourg Europe Scharel Lehners Malta Europe Beatrice Farrugia Montenegro Europe Svetlana Stojanovic Netherlands Europe Peter M. Mak 300 Country / Area Region Name of National data coordinator(s) Norway Europe Guro Ranes Poland Europe Krystian Warda Portugal Europe Miguel Telo de Arriaga Republic of Moldova Europe Tatiana Zatic Petru Romania Europe Bogdan Pop Russian Federation Europe Sergey Alexanrovich Ryzhov San Marino Europe Andrea Gualtieri Serbia Europe Marija Markovic Slovakia Europe Zora Brucháčová Slovenia Europe Andraž Murkovič Spain Europe Martha Molina Olivas Sweden Europe Matts-Åke Belin Switzerland Europe Maja Ouertani Tajikistan Europe Razzakov Abduvali Abdukhamitovich The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Europe Fimka Tozija Turkey Europe Kayhan Keser Turkmenistan Europe Dry Ata Boppyev Ukraine Europe Yuryi Chornyi United Kingdom Europe Mark Bellis Uzbekistan Europe Mirklhakim Azizov Bangladesh South-East Asia Abdul Alim Bhutan South-East Asia Phuntsho Wangdi India South-East Asia Shri K Guite Indonesia South-East Asia Betsy Ernani Maldives South-East Asia Fathimath Shabana Myanmar South-East Asia Aung Thein Htay Nepal South-East Asia Buland Thapa Sri Lanka South-East Asia Premalal Rathnaweera Thailand South-East Asia Nongnuch Thanthithum Timor-Leste South-East Asia Helder Juvinal Neto da Silva Australia Western Pacific Katrina Cristofani Cambodia Western Pacific Hero Kol China Western Pacific Leilei Duan Cook Islands Western Pacific Edwina Tangaroa Fiji Western Pacific Watilala Fonu Japan Western Pacific Mayuyo Mori Kiribati Western Pacific Mweritonga Rubeiariki Lao People’s Democratic Republic Western Pacific Somnuk Mektakul Malaysia Western Pacific Zakira Taib Micronesia (Federated States of) Western Pacific Wincener J. David Mongolia Western Pacific Baatarsuren Purevjav 301 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Region Name of National data coordinator(s) New Zealand Western Pacific Alec Morrison Papua New Guinea Western Pacific Herman Wakia Philippines Western Pacific Agnes Benegas-Segarra Republic of Korea Western Pacific Soyun Park Samoa Western Pacific Rumanusina Maua Singapore Western Pacific Lay Tin Ong Solomon Islands Western Pacific Brian Surimalefo Tonga Western Pacific Kalo Nofoákifolau Vanuatu Western Pacific Jerry Iaruel Viet Nam Western Pacific Do Minh Trung 302 TABLE A2: ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS AND PROPORTION OF ROAD USERS BY COUNTRY / AREA Country / Area General information Road traffic deaths Road traffic deaths Road user death Population numbers for 2016a GNI per capita for 2016 in US dollarsb Income levelc Reported number of roaG traffic deaths Modelled number of roaG traffic Geathsd Estimated road traffic Geath rate Ser 100 000 populationd Drivers/Passengers of 4-wheeled vehicles Drivers / Passengers of 2- or 3- wheelers Cyclists Pedestrians Other or unsSeci̧eG users Point estimate &onfidence Interval Afghanistan ǡǡ Low ǡ ǡ ǡǡ – – – – – Albania ǡǡ ǡ Middle 399 39.4 11.9 7.8 38.7 2.2 Angola ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 0 Antigua and Barbuda ǡ ǡ High 8 8 – 7.9 0 0 Argentina ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 14 47.2 22.2 2.4 8.2 20 Armenia ǡǡ ǡ Middle 499 17.1 0.4 34.8 3.7 Australia ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ – 19.3 2.2 14 Austria ǡǡ ǡ High 432 – 43.8 22 11.1 Azerbaijan ǡǡ ǡ Middle – 8.7 0.9 0.9 42 4.3 Bangladesh ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡe ǡ ǡǡ – – – – – Barbados ǡ ǡ High 9 – 33.3 33.3 0 22.2 11.1 Belarus ǡǡ ǡ Middle 841 – 8.9 9.2 41.3 1 Belgium ǡǡ ǡ High – 14.4 11.1 12.2 Belize ǡ ǡ Middle 101 104 – 28.3 18.8 19.8 11.9 24.8 24.8 Benin ǡǡ 820 Low e ǡ ǡǡ 0.8 9.1 Bhutan ǡ ǡ Middle 139 17.4 – – – – – Bolivia (Plurinational State of) ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 19.7 17.1 Bosnia and Herzegovina ǡǡ ǡ Middle 318 – – – – – Botswana ǡǡ ǡ Middle 23.8 0 2 24.7 10.2 Brazil ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡe ǡ – 19.7 23.2 31.4 3.4 18.1 24 Bulgaria ǡǡ ǡ Middle 708 730 – 10.2 7.8 4.9 Burkina Faso ǡǡ Low 878 ǡ ǡǡ – – – – – Burundi ǡǡ 280 Low 112e ǡ ǡǡ 34.7 – – – – – Cabo Verde ǡ ǡ Middle 41 – – – – – Cambodia ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 17.8 2.3 8.4 Cameroon ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 30.1 – – – – – Canada ǡǡ ǡ High ǡe ǡ – 10.8 7.2 Central African Republic ǡǡ 370 Low 193 ǡ ǡǡ – – – – – Chad ǡǡ 720 Low ǡf ǡ ǡǡ – – – – – Chile ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ – 42 8.7 7.7 China ǡǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡe ǡ – 18.2 – – – – – Colombia ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 8.4 7.8 303 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area General information Road traffic deaths Road traffic deaths Road user death Population numbers for 2016a GNI per capita for 2016 in US dollarsb Income levelc Reported number of roaG traffic deaths Modelled number of roaG traffic Geathsd Estimated road traffic Geath rate Ser 100 000 populationd Drivers/Passengers of 4-wheeled vehicles Drivers / Passengers of 2- or 3- wheelers Cyclists Pedestrians Other or unsSeci̧eG users Point estimate &onfidence Interval Afghanistan ǡǡ Low ǡ ǡ ǡǡ – – – – – Albania ǡǡ ǡ Middle 399 39.4 11.9 7.8 38.7 2.2 Angola ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 0 Antigua and Barbuda ǡ ǡ High 8 8 – 7.9 0 0 Argentina ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 14 47.2 22.2 2.4 8.2 20 Armenia ǡǡ ǡ Middle 499 17.1 0.4 34.8 3.7 Australia ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ – 19.3 2.2 14 Austria ǡǡ ǡ High 432 – 43.8 22 11.1 Azerbaijan ǡǡ ǡ Middle – 8.7 0.9 0.9 42 4.3 Bangladesh ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡe ǡ ǡǡ – – – – – Barbados ǡ ǡ High 9 – 33.3 33.3 0 22.2 11.1 Belarus ǡǡ ǡ Middle 841 – 8.9 9.2 41.3 1 Belgium ǡǡ ǡ High – 14.4 11.1 12.2 Belize ǡ ǡ Middle 101 104 – 28.3 18.8 19.8 11.9 24.8 24.8 Benin ǡǡ 820 Low e ǡ ǡǡ 0.8 9.1 Bhutan ǡ ǡ Middle 139 17.4 – – – – – Bolivia (Plurinational State of) ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 19.7 17.1 Bosnia and Herzegovina ǡǡ ǡ Middle 318 – – – – – Botswana ǡǡ ǡ Middle 23.8 0 2 24.7 10.2 Brazil ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡe ǡ – 19.7 23.2 31.4 3.4 18.1 24 Bulgaria ǡǡ ǡ Middle 708 730 – 10.2 7.8 4.9 Burkina Faso ǡǡ Low 878 ǡ ǡǡ – – – – – Burundi ǡǡ 280 Low 112e ǡ ǡǡ 34.7 – – – – – Cabo Verde ǡ ǡ Middle 41 – – – – – Cambodia ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 17.8 2.3 8.4 Cameroon ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 30.1 – – – – – Canada ǡǡ ǡ High ǡe ǡ – 10.8 7.2 Central African Republic ǡǡ 370 Low 193 ǡ ǡǡ – – – – – Chad ǡǡ 720 Low ǡf ǡ ǡǡ – – – – – Chile ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ – 42 8.7 7.7 China ǡǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡe ǡ – 18.2 – – – – – Colombia ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 8.4 7.8 304 Country / Area General information Road traffic deaths Road traffic deaths Road user death Population numbers for 2016a GNI per capita for 2016 in US dollarsb Income levelc Reported number of roaG traffic deaths Modelled number of roaG traffic Geathsd Estimated road traffic Geath rate Ser 100 000 populationd Drivers/Passengers of 4-wheeled vehicles Drivers / Passengers of 2- or 3- wheelers Cyclists Pedestrians Other or unsSeci̧eG users Point estimate &onfidence Interval Comoros ǡ Low 23 211 17.4 0 17.4 0 Congo ǡǡ ǡ Middle 308 ǡ ǡǡ 27.4 – – – – – Cook Islands ǡ – High e 3 – 17.3 20 80 0 0 0 Costa Rica ǡǡ ǡ Middle e 812 – 24 40 10.4 24.7 0.9 Côte d’Ivoire ǡǡ ǡ Middle 991 ǡ ǡǡ 11.1 0.3 40.2 13.4 Croatia ǡǡ ǡ Middle 307 340 – 8.1 48.2 8.8 21.8 Cuba ǡǡ ǡg Middle – 10.1 9.9 33.2 31.2 Cyprus ǡǡ ǡ High – 34.8 21.7 4.3 30.4 8.7 Czechia ǡǡ ǡ High – 10.3 8.7 21.3 Democratic Republic of the Congo ǡǡ 420 Low ǡ ǡǡ 33.7 11.7 0 0.3 Denmark ǡǡ ǡ High 211 227 – 4 48.3 14.7 17.1 3.8 Dominica ǡ ǡ Middle 10e 8 – 10.9 10 0 10 20 Dominican Republic ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 11 1 17 4 Ecuador ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 21.3 19.1 1.8 19.8 Egypt ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 9.7 1.2 21.2 El Salvador ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 22.2 32.1 14.2 1.4 49 3.3 Equatorial Guinea ǡǡ ǡ Middle 41e 300 221 - 379 – – – – – Eritrea ǡǡ g Low 130 ǡ ǡǡ 9.2 27.7 Estonia ǡǡ ǡ High 71 80 – 1.4 7 31 Eswatini ǡǡ ǡ Middle 203 h 2 43.8 0 Ethiopia ǡǡ Low ǡe ǡ ǡǡ 0 – – Fiji ǡ ǡ Middle – h – – 0 Finland ǡǡ ǡ High – 4.7 8.7 10.7 France ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ – 21.1 4.7 3.8 Gabon ǡǡ ǡ Middle i 23.2 – – – – – Gambia ǡǡ 440 Low 139 29.7 – – – – – Georgia ǡǡ ǡ Middle – 44.9 0.7 27.4 Germany ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ – 4.1 47.8 18.8 12.3 Ghana ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡe ǡ ǡǡ 24.9 12 17.9 3.3 20.7 Greece ǡǡ ǡ High 824 ǡ – 9.2 40.3 32.4 2.2 18.1 7 Grenada ǡ ǡ Middle 10 10 – 9.3 – – – – – Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area General information Road traffic deaths Road traffic deaths Road user death Population numbers for 2016a GNI per capita for 2016 in US dollarsb Income levelc Reported number of roaG traffic deaths Modelled number of roaG traffic Geathsd Estimated road traffic Geath rate Ser 100 000 populationd Drivers/Passengers of 4-wheeled vehicles Drivers / Passengers of 2- or 3- wheelers Cyclists Pedestrians Other or unsSeci̧eG users Point estimate &onfidence Interval Comoros ǡ Low 23 211 17.4 0 17.4 0 Congo ǡǡ ǡ Middle 308 ǡ ǡǡ 27.4 – – – – – Cook Islands ǡ – High e 3 – 17.3 20 80 0 0 0 Costa Rica ǡǡ ǡ Middle e 812 – 24 40 10.4 24.7 0.9 Côte d’Ivoire ǡǡ ǡ Middle 991 ǡ ǡǡ 11.1 0.3 40.2 13.4 Croatia ǡǡ ǡ Middle 307 340 – 8.1 48.2 8.8 21.8 Cuba ǡǡ ǡg Middle – 10.1 9.9 33.2 31.2 Cyprus ǡǡ ǡ High – 34.8 21.7 4.3 30.4 8.7 Czechia ǡǡ ǡ High – 10.3 8.7 21.3 Democratic Republic of the Congo ǡǡ 420 Low ǡ ǡǡ 33.7 11.7 0 0.3 Denmark ǡǡ ǡ High 211 227 – 4 48.3 14.7 17.1 3.8 Dominica ǡ ǡ Middle 10e 8 – 10.9 10 0 10 20 Dominican Republic ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 11 1 17 4 Ecuador ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 21.3 19.1 1.8 19.8 Egypt ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 9.7 1.2 21.2 El Salvador ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 22.2 32.1 14.2 1.4 49 3.3 Equatorial Guinea ǡǡ ǡ Middle 41e 300 221 - 379 – – – – – Eritrea ǡǡ g Low 130 ǡ ǡǡ 9.2 27.7 Estonia ǡǡ ǡ High 71 80 – 1.4 7 31 Eswatini ǡǡ ǡ Middle 203 h 2 43.8 0 Ethiopia ǡǡ Low ǡe ǡ ǡǡ 0 – – Fiji ǡ ǡ Middle – h – – 0 Finland ǡǡ ǡ High – 4.7 8.7 10.7 France ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ – 21.1 4.7 3.8 Gabon ǡǡ ǡ Middle i 23.2 – – – – – Gambia ǡǡ 440 Low 139 29.7 – – – – – Georgia ǡǡ ǡ Middle – 44.9 0.7 27.4 Germany ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ – 4.1 47.8 18.8 12.3 Ghana ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡe ǡ ǡǡ 24.9 12 17.9 3.3 20.7 Greece ǡǡ ǡ High 824 ǡ – 9.2 40.3 32.4 2.2 18.1 7 Grenada ǡ ǡ Middle 10 10 – 9.3 – – – – – Country / Area General information Road traffic deaths Road traffic deaths Road user death Population numbers for 2016a GNI per capita for 2016 in US dollarsb Income levelc Reported number of roaG traffic deaths Modelled number of roaG traffic Geathsd Estimated road traffic Geath rate Ser 100 000 populationd Drivers/Passengers of 4-wheeled vehicles Drivers / Passengers of 2- or 3- wheelers Cyclists Pedestrians Other or unsSeci̧eG users Point estimate &onfidence Interval Guatemala ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 19.4 32.7 0.4 39.2 8.3 Guinea ǡǡ 490 Low ǡ ǡǡ 28.2 – – – – – Guinea-Bissau ǡǡ Low 122 31.1 – – – – – Guyana ǡ ǡ Middle 128 190 – 24.2 21.9 29.7 11.7 Honduras ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 24.3 4.1 27.9 Hungary ǡǡ ǡ High – 7.8 44.3 12 8.1 Iceland ǡ ǡ High 18 22 – 72.2 11.1 0 11.1 India ǡǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 17.9 1.7 10.4 30.4 Indonesia ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 12.2 4.9 3.2 2.7 Iran (Islamic Republic of) ǡǡ ǡg Middle ǡ ǡ – 48.7 24.1 Iraq ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 20.7 – – – – – Ireland ǡǡ ǡ High 188 194 – 4.1 11.7 2.1 Israel ǡǡ ǡ High – 4.2 12.2 2.7 28.7 10.1 Italy ǡǡ ǡ High ǡe ǡ – 42.8 7.3 Jamaica ǡǡ ǡ Middle 379 391 – 33 28.8 8.4 22.2 7.7 Japan ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ – 4.1 32.4 17.2 1 Jordan ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡǡ 24.4 71.3h 0 0 28.7 0 Kazakhstan ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 4.3 1.7 30.9 3.3 Kenya ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 27.8 h 24.2 2.4 37 0 Kiribati ǡ ǡ Middle 4.4 40 20 0 40 0 Kuwait ǡǡ ǡg High 424 – – – – – – Kyrgyzstan ǡǡ ǡ Middle 812 – 2.1 0.2 40 30 Lao People’s Democratic Republic ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡ – – – – – Latvia ǡǡ ǡ High 184 – 9.3 44.9 12 4.4 34.8 3.8 Lebanon ǡǡ ǡ Middle e ǡ ǡ 18.1 42.4h 20.7 37 0 Lesotho ǡǡ ǡ Middle 318 28.9 – – – – – Liberia ǡǡ 370 Low ǡ ǡǡ – – – – – Libya ǡǡ ǡg Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 1.9 2.3 20.8 0 Lithuania ǡǡ ǡ High 192 234 – 8 h 8.9 38 1 Luxembourg ǡ ǡ High 32 – 9.4 3.1 0 Madagascar ǡǡ 400 Low 340 ǡ ǡǡ h – – 47.1 0 307 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area General information Road traffic deaths Road traffic deaths Road user death Population numbers for 2016a GNI per capita for 2016 in US dollarsb Income levelc Reported number of roaG traffic deaths Modelled number of roaG traffic Geathsd Estimated road traffic Geath rate Ser 100 000 populationd Drivers/Passengers of 4-wheeled vehicles Drivers / Passengers of 2- or 3- wheelers Cyclists Pedestrians Other or unsSeci̧eG users Point estimate &onfidence Interval Guatemala ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 19.4 32.7 0.4 39.2 8.3 Guinea ǡǡ 490 Low ǡ ǡǡ 28.2 – – – – – Guinea-Bissau ǡǡ Low 122 31.1 – – – – – Guyana ǡ ǡ Middle 128 190 – 24.2 21.9 29.7 11.7 Honduras ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 24.3 4.1 27.9 Hungary ǡǡ ǡ High – 7.8 44.3 12 8.1 Iceland ǡ ǡ High 18 22 – 72.2 11.1 0 11.1 India ǡǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 17.9 1.7 10.4 30.4 Indonesia ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 12.2 4.9 3.2 2.7 Iran (Islamic Republic of) ǡǡ ǡg Middle ǡ ǡ – 48.7 24.1 Iraq ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 20.7 – – – – – Ireland ǡǡ ǡ High 188 194 – 4.1 11.7 2.1 Israel ǡǡ ǡ High – 4.2 12.2 2.7 28.7 10.1 Italy ǡǡ ǡ High ǡe ǡ – 42.8 7.3 Jamaica ǡǡ ǡ Middle 379 391 – 33 28.8 8.4 22.2 7.7 Japan ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ – 4.1 32.4 17.2 1 Jordan ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡǡ 24.4 71.3h 0 0 28.7 0 Kazakhstan ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 4.3 1.7 30.9 3.3 Kenya ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 27.8 h 24.2 2.4 37 0 Kiribati ǡ ǡ Middle 4.4 40 20 0 40 0 Kuwait ǡǡ ǡg High 424 – – – – – – Kyrgyzstan ǡǡ ǡ Middle 812 – 2.1 0.2 40 30 Lao People’s Democratic Republic ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡ – – – – – Latvia ǡǡ ǡ High 184 – 9.3 44.9 12 4.4 34.8 3.8 Lebanon ǡǡ ǡ Middle e ǡ ǡ 18.1 42.4h 20.7 37 0 Lesotho ǡǡ ǡ Middle 318 28.9 – – – – – Liberia ǡǡ 370 Low ǡ ǡǡ – – – – – Libya ǡǡ ǡg Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 1.9 2.3 20.8 0 Lithuania ǡǡ ǡ High 192 234 – 8 h 8.9 38 1 Luxembourg ǡ ǡ High 32 – 9.4 3.1 0 Madagascar ǡǡ 400 Low 340 ǡ ǡǡ h – – 47.1 0 308 Country / Area General information Road traffic deaths Road traffic deaths Road user death Population numbers for 2016a GNI per capita for 2016 in US dollarsb Income levelc Reported number of roaG traffic deaths Modelled number of roaG traffic Geathsd Estimated road traffic Geath rate Ser 100 000 populationd Drivers/Passengers of 4-wheeled vehicles Drivers / Passengers of 2- or 3- wheelers Cyclists Pedestrians Other or unsSeci̧eG users Point estimate &onfidence Interval Malawi ǡǡ 320 Low ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 31 31.1 3.2 0.1 Malaysia ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ – – – – – Maldives ǡ ǡ Middle 4 4 – 0.9 0 0 0 Mali ǡǡ Low ǡ ǡǡ 23.1 27.9 42.3 2.4 Malta ǡ ǡ High 22 – 18.2 40.9 27.3 9.1 Mauritania ǡǡ ǡ Middle 184 ǡ ǡ 24.7 – – – – – Mauritius ǡǡ ǡ Middle 144 173 – 13.7 0 Mexico ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡe ǡ – 13.1 18.4h 1.1 42.4 Micronesia (Federated States of) ǡ ǡ Middle 2 2 – 1.9 0 0 0 Mongolia ǡǡ ǡ Middle 484 499 39.3 1.2 28.7 12.2 Montenegro ǡ ǡ Middle – 10.7 13.8 Morocco ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 31.2 28.7 7.9 Mozambique ǡǡ 480 Low ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 30.1 – – – – – Myanmar ǡǡ ǡg Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 19.9 10.8 3.1 14.2 7.1 Namibia ǡǡ ǡ Middle 731 30.4 – – – – – Nepal ǡǡ 730 Low ǡe ǡ ǡǡ – – – – – Netherlands ǡǡ ǡ High e – 3.8 38 21.4 29.8 9.2 New Zealand ǡǡ ǡ High 327 – 7.8 Niger ǡǡ 370 Low 978 ǡ ǡǡ – – – – – Nigeria ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 21.4 – – – – – Norway ǡǡ ǡ High 143 – 2.7 17 8.9 11.9 Oman ǡǡ ǡg High 713 – 3.9 0.7 8.1 Pakistan ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡe ǡ ǡǡ 14.3 – – – – – Panama ǡǡ ǡ Middle 440 – 14.3 32.3 4.4 40 Papua New Guinea ǡǡ ǡg Middle ǡ ǡ 14.2 – – 0 Paraguay ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 22.7 0.2 8.7 Peru ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 0.2 8.1 Philippines ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡe ǡ – 12.3 0.3 4.7 0.1 1 93.9 Poland ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ – 9.7 11.2 9 28.7 4.3 Portugal ǡǡ ǡ High – 7.4 18.3 21.8 Qatar ǡǡ ǡg High 178 239 – 9.3 48.3 2.2 2.8 32 309 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area General information Road traffic deaths Road traffic deaths Road user death Population numbers for 2016a GNI per capita for 2016 in US dollarsb Income levelc Reported number of roaG traffic deaths Modelled number of roaG traffic Geathsd Estimated road traffic Geath rate Ser 100 000 populationd Drivers/Passengers of 4-wheeled vehicles Drivers / Passengers of 2- or 3- wheelers Cyclists Pedestrians Other or unsSeci̧eG users Point estimate &onfidence Interval Malawi ǡǡ 320 Low ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 31 31.1 3.2 0.1 Malaysia ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ – – – – – Maldives ǡ ǡ Middle 4 4 – 0.9 0 0 0 Mali ǡǡ Low ǡ ǡǡ 23.1 27.9 42.3 2.4 Malta ǡ ǡ High 22 – 18.2 40.9 27.3 9.1 Mauritania ǡǡ ǡ Middle 184 ǡ ǡ 24.7 – – – – – Mauritius ǡǡ ǡ Middle 144 173 – 13.7 0 Mexico ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡe ǡ – 13.1 18.4h 1.1 42.4 Micronesia (Federated States of) ǡ ǡ Middle 2 2 – 1.9 0 0 0 Mongolia ǡǡ ǡ Middle 484 499 39.3 1.2 28.7 12.2 Montenegro ǡ ǡ Middle – 10.7 13.8 Morocco ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 31.2 28.7 7.9 Mozambique ǡǡ 480 Low ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 30.1 – – – – – Myanmar ǡǡ ǡg Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 19.9 10.8 3.1 14.2 7.1 Namibia ǡǡ ǡ Middle 731 30.4 – – – – – Nepal ǡǡ 730 Low ǡe ǡ ǡǡ – – – – – Netherlands ǡǡ ǡ High e – 3.8 38 21.4 29.8 9.2 New Zealand ǡǡ ǡ High 327 – 7.8 Niger ǡǡ 370 Low 978 ǡ ǡǡ – – – – – Nigeria ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 21.4 – – – – – Norway ǡǡ ǡ High 143 – 2.7 17 8.9 11.9 Oman ǡǡ ǡg High 713 – 3.9 0.7 8.1 Pakistan ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡe ǡ ǡǡ 14.3 – – – – – Panama ǡǡ ǡ Middle 440 – 14.3 32.3 4.4 40 Papua New Guinea ǡǡ ǡg Middle ǡ ǡ 14.2 – – 0 Paraguay ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 22.7 0.2 8.7 Peru ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 0.2 8.1 Philippines ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡe ǡ – 12.3 0.3 4.7 0.1 1 93.9 Poland ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ – 9.7 11.2 9 28.7 4.3 Portugal ǡǡ ǡ High – 7.4 18.3 21.8 Qatar ǡǡ ǡg High 178 239 – 9.3 48.3 2.2 2.8 32 310 Country / Area General information Road traffic deaths Road traffic deaths Road user death Population numbers for 2016a GNI per capita for 2016 in US dollarsb Income levelc Reported number of roaG traffic deaths Modelled number of roaG traffic Geathsd Estimated road traffic Geath rate Ser 100 000 populationd Drivers/Passengers of 4-wheeled vehicles Drivers / Passengers of 2- or 3- wheelers Cyclists Pedestrians Other or unsSeci̧eG users Point estimate &onfidence Interval Republic of Korea ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ – 9.8 – 39.9 33.7 Republic of Moldova ǡǡ ǡ Middle 394 – 9.7 4.3 1.4 Romania ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 10.3 4.4 9 37.2 3.3 Russian Federation ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 18 2 29.2 Rwanda ǡǡ 700 Low ǡ ǡǡ 29.7 – – – – – Saint Lucia ǡ ǡ Middle – 20 13.3 13.3 Samoa ǡ ǡ Middle 17e 22 11.3 41.2 0 47.1 San Marino ǡ ǡg High 0 0 – 0 – – – – – Sao Tome and Principe ǡ ǡ Middle 23 – – – – – Saudi Arabia ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 28.8 – – – – – Senegal ǡǡ Low ǡ ǡǡ 23.4 – – – – – Serbia ǡǡ ǡ Middle – 7.4 8.7 9.4 23.1 Seychelles ǡ ǡ High – 20 20 Singapore ǡǡ ǡ High 141 – 2.8 7.8 44 14.2 33.3 0.7 Slovakia ǡǡ ǡ High 330 – 8.7 29.1 4.4 Slovenia ǡǡ ǡ High 130 134 – 19.2 10 Solomon Islands ǡ ǡ Middle 11 104 17.4 – – – – – Somalia ǡǡ – Low ǡ ǡǡ 27.1 – – – – – South Africa ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 44.9 0.3 3.2 38.4 13.1 South Sudan ǡǡ 820g Low 130 ǡ ǡǡ 29.9 – – – – – Spain ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ – 4.1 21.9 3.7 Sri Lanka ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 14.9 8.1 29.2 Sudan ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 71.4 Suriname ǡ ǡ Middle 74 81 – 33.8 4.1 14.9 1.4 Sweden ǡǡ ǡ High 270 278 – 2.8 8.1 Switzerland ǡǡ ǡ High 223 – 2.7 34.7 22.7 23.1 4.2 Syrian Arab Republic ǡǡ ǡg Middle 714 ǡ ǡǡ 18.8 4.2 Tajikistan ǡǡ ǡ Middle 427 ǡ ǡǡ 18.1 h – 2.3 40.3 0 Thailand ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 32.7 12.3 74.4 2.3 The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia ǡǡ ǡ Middle 148 e 134 – 33.1 4.7 Timor-Leste ǡǡ ǡg Middle 71 138 - 184 12.7 – – – – – 311 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area General information Road traffic deaths Road traffic deaths Road user death Population numbers for 2016a GNI per capita for 2016 in US dollarsb Income levelc Reported number of roaG traffic deaths Modelled number of roaG traffic Geathsd Estimated road traffic Geath rate Ser 100 000 populationd Drivers/Passengers of 4-wheeled vehicles Drivers / Passengers of 2- or 3- wheelers Cyclists Pedestrians Other or unsSeci̧eG users Point estimate &onfidence Interval Republic of Korea ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ – 9.8 – 39.9 33.7 Republic of Moldova ǡǡ ǡ Middle 394 – 9.7 4.3 1.4 Romania ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 10.3 4.4 9 37.2 3.3 Russian Federation ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 18 2 29.2 Rwanda ǡǡ 700 Low ǡ ǡǡ 29.7 – – – – – Saint Lucia ǡ ǡ Middle – 20 13.3 13.3 Samoa ǡ ǡ Middle 17e 22 11.3 41.2 0 47.1 San Marino ǡ ǡg High 0 0 – 0 – – – – – Sao Tome and Principe ǡ ǡ Middle 23 – – – – – Saudi Arabia ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 28.8 – – – – – Senegal ǡǡ Low ǡ ǡǡ 23.4 – – – – – Serbia ǡǡ ǡ Middle – 7.4 8.7 9.4 23.1 Seychelles ǡ ǡ High – 20 20 Singapore ǡǡ ǡ High 141 – 2.8 7.8 44 14.2 33.3 0.7 Slovakia ǡǡ ǡ High 330 – 8.7 29.1 4.4 Slovenia ǡǡ ǡ High 130 134 – 19.2 10 Solomon Islands ǡ ǡ Middle 11 104 17.4 – – – – – Somalia ǡǡ – Low ǡ ǡǡ 27.1 – – – – – South Africa ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 44.9 0.3 3.2 38.4 13.1 South Sudan ǡǡ 820g Low 130 ǡ ǡǡ 29.9 – – – – – Spain ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡ – 4.1 21.9 3.7 Sri Lanka ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 14.9 8.1 29.2 Sudan ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 71.4 Suriname ǡ ǡ Middle 74 81 – 33.8 4.1 14.9 1.4 Sweden ǡǡ ǡ High 270 278 – 2.8 8.1 Switzerland ǡǡ ǡ High 223 – 2.7 34.7 22.7 23.1 4.2 Syrian Arab Republic ǡǡ ǡg Middle 714 ǡ ǡǡ 18.8 4.2 Tajikistan ǡǡ ǡ Middle 427 ǡ ǡǡ 18.1 h – 2.3 40.3 0 Thailand ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 32.7 12.3 74.4 2.3 The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia ǡǡ ǡ Middle 148 e 134 – 33.1 4.7 Timor-Leste ǡǡ ǡg Middle 71 138 - 184 12.7 – – – – – 312 Country / Area General information Road traffic deaths Road traffic deaths Road user death Population numbers for 2016a GNI per capita for 2016 in US dollarsb Income levelc Reported number of roaG traffic deaths Modelled number of roaG traffic Geathsd Estimated road traffic Geath rate Ser 100 000 populationd Drivers/Passengers of 4-wheeled vehicles Drivers / Passengers of 2- or 3- wheelers Cyclists Pedestrians Other or unsSeci̧eG users Point estimate &onfidence Interval Togo ǡǡ Low ǡ ǡǡ 29.2 17.3 – – 11.1 Tonga ǡ ǡ Middle 18 18 – 0 0 27.8 Trinidad and Tobago ǡǡ ǡ High – 12.1 2.2 0.7 31.1 8.1 Tunisia ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 22.8 49.3h 22.9 0.7 Turkey ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 12.3 21.7 14.9 1.9 23.4 38 Turkmenistan ǡǡ ǡ Middle 823 Uganda ǡǡ Low ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 29 21.3 33.4 0 Ukraine ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 13.7 34 8.7 7.1 41.9 8.4 United Arab Emirates ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡǡ 18.1 24.3 14.2 United Kingdom ǡǡ ǡ High ǡe ǡ – 3.1 23.7 4.1 United Republic of Tanzania ǡǡ 900 Low ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 29.2 22.7 8 29.9 0.8 United States of America ǡǡ ǡ High ǡe ǡ – 12.4 14.2 2.3 4.2 Uruguay ǡǡ ǡ High – 13.4 30.7 7 0 Uzbekistan ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – – – – – – Vanuatu ǡ ǡg Middle 9 43 39 - 48 – – – – – Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) ǡǡ ǡ g Middle ǡe ǡ – 33.7 – – – – – Viet Nam ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ – – – – – West Bank and Gaza Strip ǡǡ ǡ Middle 189 - 333 1.9 32.7 10.7 Zimbabwe ǡǡ 940 Low ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 34.7 10.2 12.2 13.7 37.2 313 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area General information Road traffic deaths Road traffic deaths Road user death Population numbers for 2016a GNI per capita for 2016 in US dollarsb Income levelc Reported number of roaG traffic deaths Modelled number of roaG traffic Geathsd Estimated road traffic Geath rate Ser 100 000 populationd Drivers/Passengers of 4-wheeled vehicles Drivers / Passengers of 2- or 3- wheelers Cyclists Pedestrians Other or unsSeci̧eG users Point estimate &onfidence Interval Togo ǡǡ Low ǡ ǡǡ 29.2 17.3 – – 11.1 Tonga ǡ ǡ Middle 18 18 – 0 0 27.8 Trinidad and Tobago ǡǡ ǡ High – 12.1 2.2 0.7 31.1 8.1 Tunisia ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 22.8 49.3h 22.9 0.7 Turkey ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 12.3 21.7 14.9 1.9 23.4 38 Turkmenistan ǡǡ ǡ Middle 823 Uganda ǡǡ Low ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 29 21.3 33.4 0 Ukraine ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – 13.7 34 8.7 7.1 41.9 8.4 United Arab Emirates ǡǡ ǡ High ǡ ǡǡ 18.1 24.3 14.2 United Kingdom ǡǡ ǡ High ǡe ǡ – 3.1 23.7 4.1 United Republic of Tanzania ǡǡ 900 Low ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 29.2 22.7 8 29.9 0.8 United States of America ǡǡ ǡ High ǡe ǡ – 12.4 14.2 2.3 4.2 Uruguay ǡǡ ǡ High – 13.4 30.7 7 0 Uzbekistan ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ – – – – – – Vanuatu ǡ ǡg Middle 9 43 39 - 48 – – – – – Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) ǡǡ ǡ g Middle ǡe ǡ – 33.7 – – – – – Viet Nam ǡǡ ǡ Middle ǡ ǡ ǡǡ – – – – – West Bank and Gaza Strip ǡǡ ǡ Middle 189 - 333 1.9 32.7 10.7 Zimbabwe ǡǡ 940 Low ǡ ǡ ǡǡ 34.7 10.2 12.2 13.7 37.2 a Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat (June 2017). World population Prospects: The 2017 Revision, Highlights. New York: United Nations. b )rQss0CtiQPCN+PcQOe )0+ percCpitCisthedQNNCrXCNueQHCcQuPtr[ŨsfiPCNiPcQOeiPC[eCrdiXidedD[itspQpuNCtiQPusiPI#tNCsOethQdQNQI[&CtCHrQO World Development Indicators database, World Bank, November 2017. http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD/countries. c 9QrNd&eXeNQpOePt+PdicCtQrsdCtCDCse .QYiPcQOeisQrNessOiddNeiPcQOeistQhiIhiPcQOeisQrOQre d Modelled using negative binomial regression (see preamble on page 289). Data from countries with good vital registration and countries with a population of NessthCPYerePQtiPcNudediPtheOQdeN e dCtCPQtCXCiNCDNe f (rQO,CPOct. g dCtCPQtCXCiNCDNe.CtestCXCiNCDNeusedHrQO9QrNd&eXeNQpOePt+PdicCtQrsdCtCDCse h Drivers and passengers (all vehicles). i Data for Libreville. 314 TABLE A3: POST-CRASH RESPONSE BY COUNTRY / AREA Country / Area Universal access telephone number Trauma registry National assessment of emergency care system Provider training and certįcation (stimated road traffic crash victims Zith permanent disability Prehospital providers Nurses Specialist doctors )ormal certification pathway 3ost Jraduate courses in emerJency and trauma care EmerJency medicine 7rauma surJery Afghanistan National, single number None No No No Yes Yes Albania National, single number Subnational No Yes Yes Yes No Angola National, multiple numbers National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Antigua and Barbuda National, single number – No No No No No Argentina Partial coverage Some facilities No – – – – Armenia National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Australia National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes No Austria National, single number National No Yes No Yes Yes Azerbaijan National, single number National No No No Yes Yes 3 Bangladesh Partial coverage None No No No Yes Yes 2.4 Barbados National, multiple numbers National No Yes No Yes Yes Belarus National, single number None No No No Yes Yes Belgium National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes a Belize National, single number None No No No No No Benin National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Bhutan National, single number None No Yes No Yes Yes Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Partial coverage Subnational No No Yes Yes No Bosnia and Herzegovina National, single number None Yes Yes No Yes Yes Botswana National, multiple numbers None No – Yes Yes No Brazil National, single number None No No Yes Yes Yes Bulgaria National, single number None No Yes Yes Yes Yes Burkina Faso National, single number Some facilities Yes No – – No Burundi None National No No No No Yes Cabo Verde National, multiple numbers Some facilities No No No – – Cambodia National, multiple numbers National No No Yes Yes Yes Cameroon National, single number Some facilities Yes No No No No Canada Partial coverage Subnational No – Yes Yes Yes Central African Republic – Some facilities No – Yes – – Chad – Some facilities No Yes No No Yes Chile National, single number National No No Yes Yes Yes China National, single number National Yes Yes No No No Colombia Partial coverage National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Comoros None None No No No No No Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Universal access telephone number Trauma registry National assessment of emergency care system Provider training and certįcation (stimated road traffic crash victims Zith permanent disability Prehospital providers Nurses Specialist doctors )ormal certification pathway 3ost Jraduate courses in emerJency and trauma care EmerJency medicine 7rauma surJery Afghanistan National, single number None No No No Yes Yes Albania National, single number Subnational No Yes Yes Yes No Angola National, multiple numbers National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Antigua and Barbuda National, single number – No No No No No Argentina Partial coverage Some facilities No – – – – Armenia National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Australia National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes No Austria National, single number National No Yes No Yes Yes Azerbaijan National, single number National No No No Yes Yes 3 Bangladesh Partial coverage None No No No Yes Yes 2.4 Barbados National, multiple numbers National No Yes No Yes Yes Belarus National, single number None No No No Yes Yes Belgium National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes a Belize National, single number None No No No No No Benin National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Bhutan National, single number None No Yes No Yes Yes Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Partial coverage Subnational No No Yes Yes No Bosnia and Herzegovina National, single number None Yes Yes No Yes Yes Botswana National, multiple numbers None No – Yes Yes No Brazil National, single number None No No Yes Yes Yes Bulgaria National, single number None No Yes Yes Yes Yes Burkina Faso National, single number Some facilities Yes No – – No Burundi None National No No No No Yes Cabo Verde National, multiple numbers Some facilities No No No – – Cambodia National, multiple numbers National No No Yes Yes Yes Cameroon National, single number Some facilities Yes No No No No Canada Partial coverage Subnational No – Yes Yes Yes Central African Republic – Some facilities No – Yes – – Chad – Some facilities No Yes No No Yes Chile National, single number National No No Yes Yes Yes China National, single number National Yes Yes No No No Colombia Partial coverage National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Comoros None None No No No No No Country / Area Universal access telephone number Trauma registry National assessment of emergency care system Provider training and certįcation (stimated road traffic crash victims Zith permanent disability Prehospital providers Nurses Specialist doctors )ormal certification pathway 3ost Jraduate courses in emerJency and trauma care EmerJency medicine 7rauma surJery Congo Partial coverage None No No No No No Cook Islands National, single number National No No No No No Costa Rica National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Côte d’Ivoire Partial coverage Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Croatia National, single number None No Yes No Yes Yes Cuba National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Cyprus National, multiple numbers Subnational Yes Yes Yes No No Czechia National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Democratic Republic of the Congo Partial coverage Some facilities Yes No No No Yes 40 Denmark National, single number National Yes – Yes No No Dominica National, single number None No No No No No Dominican Republic Partial coverage National Yes Yes No Yes No Ecuador National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Egypt National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes No El Salvador National, multiple numbers National Yes No No No No Equatorial Guinea National, multiple numbers National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Eritrea Partial coverage Some facilities No No No No No Estonia National, single number None No No Yes Yes Yes Eswatini National, multiple numbers None No Yes No No No Ethiopia National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Fiji National, multiple numbers None No No No Yes No Finland National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 France National, single number Subnational No – – – – 0.8 Gabon Partial coverage Some facilities No Yes No Yes No Gambia None Subnational No No No No No Georgia National, single number None No Yes No Yes Yes Germany National, single number Some facilities Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Ghana National, single number Some facilities Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Greece National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes No No Grenada National, single number None No No No No No Guatemala National, multiple numbers Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Guinea None Subnational No No No No No 317 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Universal access telephone number Trauma registry National assessment of emergency care system Provider training and certįcation (stimated road traffic crash victims Zith permanent disability Prehospital providers Nurses Specialist doctors )ormal certification pathway 3ost Jraduate courses in emerJency and trauma care EmerJency medicine 7rauma surJery Congo Partial coverage None No No No No No Cook Islands National, single number National No No No No No Costa Rica National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Côte d’Ivoire Partial coverage Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Croatia National, single number None No Yes No Yes Yes Cuba National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Cyprus National, multiple numbers Subnational Yes Yes Yes No No Czechia National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Democratic Republic of the Congo Partial coverage Some facilities Yes No No No Yes 40 Denmark National, single number National Yes – Yes No No Dominica National, single number None No No No No No Dominican Republic Partial coverage National Yes Yes No Yes No Ecuador National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Egypt National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes No El Salvador National, multiple numbers National Yes No No No No Equatorial Guinea National, multiple numbers National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Eritrea Partial coverage Some facilities No No No No No Estonia National, single number None No No Yes Yes Yes Eswatini National, multiple numbers None No Yes No No No Ethiopia National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Fiji National, multiple numbers None No No No Yes No Finland National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 France National, single number Subnational No – – – – 0.8 Gabon Partial coverage Some facilities No Yes No Yes No Gambia None Subnational No No No No No Georgia National, single number None No Yes No Yes Yes Germany National, single number Some facilities Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Ghana National, single number Some facilities Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Greece National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes No No Grenada National, single number None No No No No No Guatemala National, multiple numbers Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Guinea None Subnational No No No No No 318 Country / Area Universal access telephone number Trauma registry National assessment of emergency care system Provider training and certįcation (stimated road traffic crash victims Zith permanent disability Prehospital providers Nurses Specialist doctors )ormal certification pathway 3ost Jraduate courses in emerJency and trauma care EmerJency medicine 7rauma surJery Guinea-Bissau National, single number Some facilities No No No No No Guyana Partial coverage None No Yes Yes Yes No Honduras National, single number Some facilities No Yes – – – Hungary National, single number None No Yes Yes Yes Yes Iceland National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes No India Partial coverage Some facilities No Yes No Yes Yes Indonesia Partial coverage None No Yes Yes Yes Yes Iran (Islamic Republic of) National, single number Subnational Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Iraq National, single number Some facilities Yes Yes No Yes Yes Ireland National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes No Israel National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Italy National, single number Subnational No Yes No Yes Yes Jamaica National, single number Some facilities No No Yes Yes No 1.7 Japan National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Jordan National, single number None No Yes Yes Yes Yes Kazakhstan National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Kenya National, single number Some facilities No No Yes No No Kiribati National, multiple numbers National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Kuwait National, single number None No Yes Yes Yes No Kyrgyzstan National, single number None Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Lao People’s Democratic Republic Partial coverage None No Yes Yes Yes Yes Latvia National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Lebanon National, multiple numbers None No No Yes Yes Yes Lesotho None None No Yes No No No Liberia National, single number None No – No No No Libya National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Lithuania National, single number National No No Yes Yes Yes Luxembourg National, single number Some facilities No No Yes No No Madagascar None None No No Yes Yes Yes Malawi Partial coverage Some facilities No No No No No Malaysia National, single number None No Yes Yes Yes Yes Maldives Partial coverage None No No No No No 319 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Universal access telephone number Trauma registry National assessment of emergency care system Provider training and certįcation (stimated road traffic crash victims Zith permanent disability Prehospital providers Nurses Specialist doctors )ormal certification pathway 3ost Jraduate courses in emerJency and trauma care EmerJency medicine 7rauma surJery Guinea-Bissau National, single number Some facilities No No No No No Guyana Partial coverage None No Yes Yes Yes No Honduras National, single number Some facilities No Yes – – – Hungary National, single number None No Yes Yes Yes Yes Iceland National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes No India Partial coverage Some facilities No Yes No Yes Yes Indonesia Partial coverage None No Yes Yes Yes Yes Iran (Islamic Republic of) National, single number Subnational Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Iraq National, single number Some facilities Yes Yes No Yes Yes Ireland National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes No Israel National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Italy National, single number Subnational No Yes No Yes Yes Jamaica National, single number Some facilities No No Yes Yes No 1.7 Japan National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Jordan National, single number None No Yes Yes Yes Yes Kazakhstan National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Kenya National, single number Some facilities No No Yes No No Kiribati National, multiple numbers National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Kuwait National, single number None No Yes Yes Yes No Kyrgyzstan National, single number None Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Lao People’s Democratic Republic Partial coverage None No Yes Yes Yes Yes Latvia National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Lebanon National, multiple numbers None No No Yes Yes Yes Lesotho None None No Yes No No No Liberia National, single number None No – No No No Libya National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Lithuania National, single number National No No Yes Yes Yes Luxembourg National, single number Some facilities No No Yes No No Madagascar None None No No Yes Yes Yes Malawi Partial coverage Some facilities No No No No No Malaysia National, single number None No Yes Yes Yes Yes Maldives Partial coverage None No No No No No 320 Country / Area Universal access telephone number Trauma registry National assessment of emergency care system Provider training and certįcation (stimated road traffic crash victims Zith permanent disability Prehospital providers Nurses Specialist doctors )ormal certification pathway 3ost Jraduate courses in emerJency and trauma care EmerJency medicine 7rauma surJery Mali Partial coverage Some facilities No No No No No Malta National, single number National Yes Yes No Yes Yes Mauritania – None No No No No No Mauritius National, single number Subnational Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Mexico National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Micronesia (Federated States of) National, multiple numbers None No No No – – Mongolia National, single number National No No Yes Yes Yes Montenegro National, single number National Yes Yes No Yes Yes Morocco National, single number None No No No Yes Yes Mozambique National, multiple numbers Some facilities No No No Yes No Myanmar National, multiple numbers National No No Yes Yes Yes Namibia National, multiple numbers National Yes Yes – No No 18 Nepal Partial coverage Some facilities No No No No No Netherlands National, single number National No No Yes Yes Yes 4 - 7 New Zealand National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes No Niger National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes No No Nigeria National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Norway National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Oman National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Pakistan National, multiple numbers Subnational No No No No No Panama National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes No Papua New Guinea Partial coverage Some facilities No Yes No Yes Yes Paraguay National, single number National No No No Yes Yes Peru Partial coverage National No No Yes Yes Yes 3.1 Philippines National, single number National No No Yes Yes Yes Poland National, single number None No No Yes Yes Yes Portugal National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes No Qatar National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 1 Republic of Korea National, single number Subnational Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Republic of Moldova National, multiple numbers Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Romania National, single number None Yes Yes Yes Yes No 21 Russian Federation National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes 321 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Universal access telephone number Trauma registry National assessment of emergency care system Provider training and certįcation (stimated road traffic crash victims Zith permanent disability Prehospital providers Nurses Specialist doctors )ormal certification pathway 3ost Jraduate courses in emerJency and trauma care EmerJency medicine 7rauma surJery Mali Partial coverage Some facilities No No No No No Malta National, single number National Yes Yes No Yes Yes Mauritania – None No No No No No Mauritius National, single number Subnational Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Mexico National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Micronesia (Federated States of) National, multiple numbers None No No No – – Mongolia National, single number National No No Yes Yes Yes Montenegro National, single number National Yes Yes No Yes Yes Morocco National, single number None No No No Yes Yes Mozambique National, multiple numbers Some facilities No No No Yes No Myanmar National, multiple numbers National No No Yes Yes Yes Namibia National, multiple numbers National Yes Yes – No No 18 Nepal Partial coverage Some facilities No No No No No Netherlands National, single number National No No Yes Yes Yes 4 - 7 New Zealand National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes No Niger National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes No No Nigeria National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Norway National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Oman National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Pakistan National, multiple numbers Subnational No No No No No Panama National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes No Papua New Guinea Partial coverage Some facilities No Yes No Yes Yes Paraguay National, single number National No No No Yes Yes Peru Partial coverage National No No Yes Yes Yes 3.1 Philippines National, single number National No No Yes Yes Yes Poland National, single number None No No Yes Yes Yes Portugal National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes No Qatar National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 1 Republic of Korea National, single number Subnational Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Republic of Moldova National, multiple numbers Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Romania National, single number None Yes Yes Yes Yes No 21 Russian Federation National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes 322 Country / Area Universal access telephone number Trauma registry National assessment of emergency care system Provider training and certįcation (stimated road traffic crash victims Zith permanent disability Prehospital providers Nurses Specialist doctors )ormal certification pathway 3ost Jraduate courses in emerJency and trauma care EmerJency medicine 7rauma surJery Rwanda National, single number None No – – – – Saint Lucia National, single number – No Yes No No No Samoa National, multiple numbers None No No No No No San Marino National, multiple numbers None Yes Yes Yes No No Sao Tome and Principe National, single number National No No No No No Saudi Arabia National, single number Subnational No Yes Yes Yes Yes Senegal Partial coverage Some facilities No No No Yes Yes Serbia National, multiple numbers Some facilities Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Seychelles National, single number None No Yes No No No Singapore National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Slovakia National, single number None No Yes Yes Yes Yes Slovenia National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Solomon Islands National, single number Some facilities No No No Yes No Somalia None None No No No No No South Africa National, multiple numbers National No Yes Yes Yes Yes South Sudan National, single number Some facilities No No No No No Spain National, single number Some facilities No Yes No No Yes /ǡiPhCDitCPts Sri Lanka Partial coverage Some facilities No No No Yes Yes Sudan National, multiple numbers Subnational No No No Yes No 19 Suriname Partial coverage Some facilities No No No Yes No Sweden National, single number National No No Yes Yes No 17 Switzerland National, single number National No No Yes Yes Yes Syrian Arab Republic Partial coverage Subnational No Yes Yes Yes Yes Tajikistan National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Thailand National, single number Some facilities Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes b The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Timor-Leste National, single number National No Yes Yes No Yes Togo National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes 47 Tonga National, multiple numbers None No No No No No Trinidad and Tobago National, multiple numbers Some facilities No No Yes Yes No Tunisia National, multiple numbers None Yes No Yes Yes Yes Turkey National, single number Some facilities Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 323 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Universal access telephone number Trauma registry National assessment of emergency care system Provider training and certįcation (stimated road traffic crash victims Zith permanent disability Prehospital providers Nurses Specialist doctors )ormal certification pathway 3ost Jraduate courses in emerJency and trauma care EmerJency medicine 7rauma surJery Rwanda National, single number None No – – – – Saint Lucia National, single number – No Yes No No No Samoa National, multiple numbers None No No No No No San Marino National, multiple numbers None Yes Yes Yes No No Sao Tome and Principe National, single number National No No No No No Saudi Arabia National, single number Subnational No Yes Yes Yes Yes Senegal Partial coverage Some facilities No No No Yes Yes Serbia National, multiple numbers Some facilities Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Seychelles National, single number None No Yes No No No Singapore National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Slovakia National, single number None No Yes Yes Yes Yes Slovenia National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Solomon Islands National, single number Some facilities No No No Yes No Somalia None None No No No No No South Africa National, multiple numbers National No Yes Yes Yes Yes South Sudan National, single number Some facilities No No No No No Spain National, single number Some facilities No Yes No No Yes /ǡiPhCDitCPts Sri Lanka Partial coverage Some facilities No No No Yes Yes Sudan National, multiple numbers Subnational No No No Yes No 19 Suriname Partial coverage Some facilities No No No Yes No Sweden National, single number National No No Yes Yes No 17 Switzerland National, single number National No No Yes Yes Yes Syrian Arab Republic Partial coverage Subnational No Yes Yes Yes Yes Tajikistan National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Thailand National, single number Some facilities Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes b The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Timor-Leste National, single number National No Yes Yes No Yes Togo National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes 47 Tonga National, multiple numbers None No No No No No Trinidad and Tobago National, multiple numbers Some facilities No No Yes Yes No Tunisia National, multiple numbers None Yes No Yes Yes Yes Turkey National, single number Some facilities Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 324 Country / Area Universal access telephone number Trauma registry National assessment of emergency care system Provider training and certįcation (stimated road traffic crash victims Zith permanent disability Prehospital providers Nurses Specialist doctors )ormal certification pathway 3ost Jraduate courses in emerJency and trauma care EmerJency medicine 7rauma surJery Turkmenistan National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Uganda National, multiple numbers Some facilities Yes No No Yes No 2.8 Ukraine National, single number None No Yes Yes Yes No United Arab Emirates National, single number Subnational No Yes No Yes No United Kingdom National, single number Subnational No Yes Yes Yes Yes United Republic of Tanzania None Subnational No No Yes Yes Yes United States of America National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Uruguay National, single number National No No No Yes Yes Uzbekistan National, single number – Vanuatu National, single number National No No Yes No No Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Viet Nam Partial coverage National No No Yes Yes Yes West Bank and Gaza Strip National, single number None No No Yes Yes Yes 1 Zimbabwe National, multiple numbers None No Yes No No No 7.1 a QHCNNhQspitCNi\ed/#+5 XictiOsiPcurCNQPIterOdisCDiNit[CsCresuNtQHthecrCsh b QHCdOittedpCtiePtsestiOCted Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Universal access telephone number Trauma registry National assessment of emergency care system Provider training and certįcation (stimated road traffic crash victims Zith permanent disability Prehospital providers Nurses Specialist doctors )ormal certification pathway 3ost Jraduate courses in emerJency and trauma care EmerJency medicine 7rauma surJery Turkmenistan National, single number Some facilities No Yes Yes Yes Yes Uganda National, multiple numbers Some facilities Yes No No Yes No 2.8 Ukraine National, single number None No Yes Yes Yes No United Arab Emirates National, single number Subnational No Yes No Yes No United Kingdom National, single number Subnational No Yes Yes Yes Yes United Republic of Tanzania None Subnational No No Yes Yes Yes United States of America National, single number National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Uruguay National, single number National No No No Yes Yes Uzbekistan National, single number – Vanuatu National, single number National No No Yes No No Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) National, single number National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Viet Nam Partial coverage National No No Yes Yes Yes West Bank and Gaza Strip National, single number None No No Yes Yes Yes 1 Zimbabwe National, multiple numbers None No Yes No No No 7.1 326 TABLE A4: SPEED LAWS AND ENFORCEMENT BY COUNTRY / AREA Country / Area National speed limit law Types of modifications allowed Maximum default speed limits (km/h) Enforcement Predominant type of enforcementUrban Rural Motorways Afghanistan Yes No 90 km/ha 90 km/ha 90 km/ha 4 — Albania Yes Yes 40 km/h 80 km/h 110 km/h 4 Manual and automated Angola Yes No 60 km/h 90 km/h 120 km/h 5 Manual Antigua and Barbuda Yes No ~ 32 km/hb ~ 64 km/h No 5 Manual Argentina Yes Yes 60 km/h 110 km/h 130 km/h 5 Manual and automated Armenia Yes No 90 km/hc 90 km/h 110 km/h 8 Automated Australia Yes Yes 50 km/h 100 - 130 km/h 100 - 130 km/h 8 Manual and automated Austria Yes Yes 50 km/h 100 km/h 130 km/h Automated Azerbaijan Yes No 60 km/h 90 km/h 110 km/h 8 Automated Bangladesh Yes No ~ 112 km/hd ~ 112 km/hd ~ 112 km/hd 5 Manual Barbados Yes No 80 km/he 80 km/he 80 km/he 4 Manual Belarus Yes No 60 km/h 90 km/h 110 km/h 7 Manual and automated Belgium Yes Yes 50 km/h 90 km/hf 120 km/h 7 Manual and automated Belize Yes No ~ 40 km/h ~ 88 km/h ~ 88 km/h 4 Manual Benin No No — — — — — Bhutan Yes No 30 km/h 50 km/h 50 km/h 6 Manual Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Yes Yes 40 km/h g 80 km/hg 80 km/h 3 Manual Bosnia and Herzegovina Yes No 50 km/h h 80 km/h 130 km/h 6 Manual and automated Botswana Yes Yes 60 km/h 80 km/h 120 km/h 8 Manual Brazil Yes Yes 80 km/hh 60 km/hi 110 km/h 6 Automated Bulgaria Yes No 50 km/h 90 km/h 140 km/h 6 Automated Burkina Faso Yes Yes 50 km/h 90 km/h No 7 Manual Burundi Yes Yes 50 km/h 100 km/h 100 km/h 0 Manual Cabo Verde Yes Yes 50 km/h 90 km/h 120 km/h 5 Manual Cambodia Yes No 40 km/h 90 km/h 100 km/h 5 Manual Cameroon Yes Yes 60 km/h 110 km/h No 5 Manual Canada Yes Yes 50 km/h 50 - 100 km/h 80 - 100 km/h 4 Manual Central African Republic Yes Yes 60 km/h 110 km/h No — — 327 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area National speed limit law Types of modifications allowed Maximum default speed limits (km/h) Enforcement Predominant type of enforcementUrban Rural Motorways Chad Yes Yes 60 km/h 110 km/h No 3 — Chile Yes Yes 60 km/hj 100 km/h 120 km/h 5 Manual China Yes Yes 50 km/h 70 km/h 120 km/h 8 Automated Colombia Yes Yes 80 km/h 120 km/h 120 km/h 5 Manual and automated Comoros Yesk — — — — 3 Manual Congo Yes Yes 60 km/h 110 km/h No 4 — Cook Islands Yes No 50 km/hl 50 km/hl 50 km/hl 6 Manual Costa Rica Yes No 50 km/h 60 km/h No 4 Manual Côte d’Ivoire Yes No 60 km/h 110 km/h 120 km/h 5 Manual Croatia Yes Yes 50 km/hm 90 km/h 130 km/h 7 Manual and automated Cuba Yes No 50 km/h 90 km/h 100 km/h 7 Manual Cyprus Yes Yes 65 km/h No 100 km/h 6 Manual Czechia Yes Yes 50 km/hm 90 km/h 130 km/h 5 Manual Democratic Republic of the Congo Yes No 60 km/h n 90 km/h 120 km/h 3 — Denmark Yes Yeso 50 km/h 80 km/h 130 km/h — Automated Dominica No No — — — — — Dominican Republic Yes No 60 km/h 60 km/h 120 km/h 6 Manual Ecuador Yes Yes 60 km/h 120 km/h 135 km/h 7 Manual and automated Egypt Yes Yes 60 km/h 90 km/h 100 km/h 8 Manual and automated El Salvador Yes No 50 km/h 90 km/h No 6 Manual Equatorial Guinea Yes Yes 60 km/h 110 km/h No 0 — Eritrea Yes No 60 km/h 100 km/h No 6 Manual Estonia Yes Yes 50 km/hp 90 km/h Noq 7 Automated Eswatini Yes Yes 100 km/hr 100 km/hr 100 km/hr 6 Manual Ethiopia Yes Yes 60 km/h 70 km/h 100 km/h 2 Manual Fiji Yes No 50 km/h 80 km/h —q 7 Manual and automated Finland Yes Yes 50 km/h 80 km/h 120 km/h 8 Manual and automated France Yes Yes 50 km/h 90 km/h 130 km/h 8 Automated Gabon Yes Yes 60 km/h 110 km/h No 1 — 328 Country / Area National speed limit law Types of modifications allowed Maximum default speed limits (km/h) Enforcement Predominant type of enforcementUrban Rural Motorways Gambia Yes Yes No No No 3 Manual Georgia Yes No 60 km/h 90 km/h 110 km/h 6 Automated Germany Yes Yes 50 km/h 100 km/h Nos — — Ghana Yes No 50 km/h 90 km/h 100 km/h 4 Manual Greece Yes Yes 50 km/h 90 km/h 130 km/h 3 Manual Grenada Yes No ~ 32 km/h ~ 64 km/h No 6 Manual Guatemala Yes Yes 60 km/h 80 km/h 100 km/h 4 Manual Guinea No — — — — — Manual Guinea-Bissau Yes No 50 km/h 80 km/h 100 km/h 1 Manual Guyana Yest No 64 km/h 64 km/h No 7 Manual Honduras Yesu No — — — 6 Manual Hungary Yes Yes 50 km/h 90 km/h 130 km/h 6 Manual and automated Iceland Yes No 50 km/h 90 km/h 100 km/h 7 Automated India Yes Yes 100 km/hv 100 km/hv 100 km/hv 3 Manual Indonesia Yes Yes 50 km/h 80 km/h 100 km/h 8 Manual Iran (Islamic Republic of) Yes No 60 km/h 95 km/h 120 km/h 7 Manual and automated Iraq Yes No 60 km/h 100 km/h 120 km/h 2 Manual Ireland Yes Yes 50 km/h 100 km/h 120 km/h 10 Automated Israel Yes No 50 km/h 80 km/h 110 km/h 5 Automated Italy Yes Yes 50 km/h 110 km/hw 150 km/h 8 Automated Jamaica Yes No ~ 48 km/h ~ 80 km/h No 4 Manual Japan Yes Yes 60 km/h 60 km/h 100 km/h 7 Manual Jordan Yes Yes 90 km/h 120 km/h 120 km/h 7 Manual and automated Kazakhstan Yes No 60 km/hx 110 km/h 140 km/h 7 Automated Kenya Yes No 50 km/h 100 km/h 110 km/h 4 Manual Kiribati Yes No 40 km/h 60 km/h 60 km/h 5 Manual Kuwait Yes No 45 km/h 80 km/h 80 km/h 3 Automated Kyrgyzstan Yes No 60 km/h 90 km/h 110 km/h 5 Manual and automated Lao People’s Democratic Republic Yes No 40 km/h 90 km/h — q 5 Manual Latvia Yes No 50 km/h 90 km/h No 7 Manual and automated 329 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area National speed limit law Types of modifications allowed Maximum default speed limits (km/h) Enforcement Predominant type of enforcementUrban Rural Motorways Lebanon Yes Yes 50 km/h 70 km/h 100 km/h 5 Manual Lesotho Yes No 50 km/h 80 km/h No 2 Manual Liberia Yes No ~ 40 km/h ~ 56 km/h ~ 72 km/h 0 Manual Libya Yes No 50 km/h 85 km/h 100 km/h 2 Manual and automated Lithuania Yes No 50 km/hy 90 km/h 130 km/h 7 Automated Luxembourg Yes Yes 50 km/h 90 km/h 130 km/h 7 Automated Madagascar Yes Yes 50 km/hz No No 4 — Malawi Yes No 50 km/h 80 km/h 100 km/h 4 Manual Malaysia Yes Yes 90 km/haa 90 km/haa 110 km/haa 6 Manual Maldives Yes No 30 km/hab 30 km/hab No 3 Manual Mali Yes Yes 50 km/h 90 km/h 110 km/h 4 Manual Malta Yes No 50 km/h 80 km/h No 4 Automated Mauritania Yes Yes 80 km/h 100 km/h 100 km/h 4 Manual Mauritius Yes No 90 km/h 90 km/h 110 km/h 6 Manual and automated Mexico Yes Yes 20 - 70 km/h 20 - 90 km/h 45 - 110 km/h 4 Manual and automated Micronesia (Federated States of) Yes Yes ac ~ 40 km/h ~ 40 km/h ~ 40 km/h 3 Manual Mongolia Yes No 60 km/h 80 km/h 100 km/h 5 Manual and automated Montenegro Yes No 50 km/h 80 km/h 130 km/h 7 Manual Morocco Yes Yes 60 km/h 100 km/h 120 km/h 7 Manual and automated Mozambique Yes No 60 km/h 120 km/h No 5 Manual Myanmar Yes No 48 km/h 80 km/h No 6 Automated Namibia Yes No 60 km/h 120 km/h 120 km/h 4 Manual Nepal Yes No 40 km/had 80 km/had 80 km/had 2 Manual Netherlands Yes Yes 50 km/h 80 km/h 130 km/h 6 Manual and automated New Zealand Yes Yes 50 km/h 100 km/h 100 km/h 7 Manual and automated Niger Yes No 50 km/h No No 3 Manual Nigeria Yes Yes 50 km/h 80 km/h 100 km/h 6 Manual Norway Yes Yes 50 km/h 80 km/h 100 km/h 10 Manual and automated 330 Country / Area National speed limit law Types of modifications allowed Maximum default speed limits (km/h) Enforcement Predominant type of enforcementUrban Rural Motorways Oman Yes No — — — 10 Manual and automated Pakistan Yes Yes 90 km/h 110 km/h 130 km/h 4 Manual Panama Yes No 80 km/h 100 km/h 120 km/h 4 Manual Papua New Guinea Yes No 60 km/h 75 km/h — — — Paraguay Yes Yes 50 km/h 110 km/h 110 km/h 4 Manual Peru Yes Yes 60 km/h 60 km/h 100 km/h 1 Manual Philippines Yes Yes 40 km/h 80 km/h No 5 Manual Poland Yes Yes 50 km/hae 90 km/h 140 km/h 8 Manual Portugal Yes No 50 km/h 90 km/h 120 km/h 7 Manual Qatar Yes No 100 km/h 120 km/h 120 km/h 7 Automated Republic of Korea Yes Yes 80 km/h 80 km/h 120 km/h 8 Automated Republic of Moldova Yes No 50 km/h 110 km/h 110 km/h 8 Manual and automated Romania Yes Yes 50 km/h 90 km/h 130 km/h 7 Manual Russian Federation Yes Yesaf 60 km/h 90 km/h 110 km/h 8 Automated Rwanda Yes Yes 80 km/hag 80 km/hag 80 km/hag 8 Automated Saint Lucia Yes No ~ 24 km/h ~ 24 km/h ~ 56 km/h 0 — Samoa Yes No ~ 56 km/h ~ 56 km/h —q 9 Manual San Marino Yes No 70 km/h 70 km/h No 6 Manual and automated Sao Tome and Principe Yes No 50 km/h 90 km/h 120 km/h 2 — Saudi Arabia Yes No 80 km/h 120 km/h No 7 Automated Senegal Yes Yes No 90 km/h 110 km/h 5 Manual Serbia Yes Yes 50 km/hah 100 km/h 120 km/h 6 Manual Seychelles Yes No 25 - 80 km/hai 80 km/h ai 80 km/hai 6 Manual Singapore Yes No 70 km/haj —ak 90 km/h 8 Manual and automated Slovakia Yes No 50 km/h 90 km/h 130 km/h 7 Manual Slovenia Yes No 50 km/hal 90 km/h 130 km/h 7 Manual Solomon Islands Yesam Yes — — — 5 Manual Somalia Yes Yes 40 km/h No No 1 — South Africa Yes Yes 60 km/h 100 km/h 120 km/h 6 Manual and automated 331 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area National speed limit law Types of modifications allowed Maximum default speed limits (km/h) Enforcement Predominant type of enforcementUrban Rural Motorways South Sudan Yes No 50 km/h No No 3 Manual Spain Yes Yesan 50 km/h 90 km/h 120 km/h 8 Manual and automated Sri Lanka Yes No 50 km/h 70 km/h 100 km/h 9 Manual Sudan Yes Yes 50 km/h 90 km/h No 6 Manual and automated Suriname Yes No 40 km/h 80 km/h 80 km/h 5 Manual Sweden Yes Yes 50 km/h 110 km/h 120 km/h 8 Automated Switzerland Yes No 50 km/h 80 km/h 120 km/h 7 — Syrian Arab Republic Yes Yes — — — 5 Manual and automated Tajikistan Yes No 60 km/h 90 km/h 110 km/h 9 Manual Thailand Yes No 80 km/h 90 km/h 120 km/h 5 Manual The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Yes No 50 km/hal 90 km/h 130 km/h 6 Manual Timor-Leste Yes No 50 km/h 90 km/h 120 km/h 5 Manual Togo No No — — — — Manual Tonga Yes No 50 km/h 70 km/h 70 km/h 7 Manual Trinidad and Tobago Yes No 50 km/h 80 km/h No 5 Manual Tunisia Yes Yes 50 km/h 90 km/h 110 km/h 5 Manual Turkey Yes Yes 50 km/h 110 km/hao 120 km/hao 9 Manual and automated Turkmenistan Yes Yes 60 km/h 90 km/h 110 km/h 10 Manual and automated Uganda Yes No 50 km/h 100 km/h No 7 Manual Ukraine Yes Yes 60 km/h 90 km/h 130 km/h 3 — United Arab Emirates Yes Yes —ap —ap —ap 10 Automated United Kingdom Yes Yes ~ 48 km/h ~ 96 km/h ~ 112 km/h 8 Automated United Republic of Tanzania Yes Yes 50 km/h No No 8 Manual United States of America Yes Yes ~ 32 - 128 km/h ~ 40 - 128 km/h ~ 40 - 128 km/h — Manual Uruguay Yes Yes 45 km/h 90 km/h 90 km/h 6 Manual and automated Uzbekistan Yes No 70 km/h 100 km/h No 8 Manual Vanuatu No No — — — — — 332 Country / Area National speed limit law Types of modifications allowed Maximum default speed limits (km/h) Enforcement Predominant type of enforcementUrban Rural Motorways Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) No No — — — — — Viet Nam Yes No 60 km/h 90 km/h 120 km/h 7 Manual and automated West Bank and Gaza Strip Yes No 50 km/h 80 km/h 110 km/h 2 Manual Zimbabwe Yes Yes 60 km/h 80 km/haq 120 km/h 6 Manual a Speed limit set per vehicle type with a maximum speed limit of 90 km/h for fast moving vehicles, decreased by 20 km/h in mountain paths b Applies in the City of Saint John’s and in designated «speed limit areas» c The limit in residential area is reduced to 60 km/h d Speed limit set per vehicle type with a maximum speed limit of 70 miles per hour (112 km/h) for light vehicles e Speed limit set per vehicle type with a maximum speed limit of 80 km/h for specified vehicles including private motor cars f The 90 km/h speed limit applies on rural areas in Brussels capital region and Wallon region while there is a 70 km/h speed limit in the Flemish region g Can be increased to an unspecified speed under certain circumstances h Can be increased up to an unspecified speed i This limit applies to unpaved roadways while on undivided highway the maximum speed limit is 100 km/h for automobiles, light trucks and motorcycles j Can be increased up to an unspecified limit under certain circumstances k Traffic code refers to regulations to set maximum speed limits, regulations not available l Speed limit applicable on any road, decreased to 30 km/h in reduced speed zones m Can be increased up to 80 km/h n Traffic signs may on certain public highways provide for a higher speed limit not exceeding 80 km/h o Speed limits can be modified at local level by the road authorities and the police p Can be increased up to 90 km/h on certain conditions q No motorways in the country r Speed limit for public roads is 100 km/h for a road with a surface of concrete, bitumen or tar and 80 km/h for other roads s There is no maximum speed limit on motorways t Speed limits set per vehicle type and road type - for motor cars, speed limits are: 30 mph (48 km/h) on restricted roads, 60 mph (96 km/h) on Timehri / Linden Highway and 40 mph (64 km/h) elsewhere u Legislation refers to regulations to set maximum speed limits, regulations not available v Speed limit set per vehicle type with a maximum speed limit of 100 km/h for passengers cars comprising not more than eight seats in addition to the driver’s seat w 110 km/h for main suburban roads, 90 km/h for secondary suburban roads x Can be increased up to 90 km/h y Can be increased or decreased to an unspecified speed under certain circumstances z Can be modified up to 80 km/h aa Speed limit set per vehicle and road type with a maximum speed limit for passengers cars of 110 km/h on highways and 90 km/h on other roads ab Speed limit set per vehicle type with a maximum speed limit of 30 km/h for specified vehicles, except in designated areas with higher speeds ac Speed limit may be increased by the governor (Kosrae, Yap) or by the director of the department of public safety (Pohnpei) ad Speed limit set per vehicle type with a maximum speed limit of 80 km/h for specified vehicles including cars, and a maximum limit of 40 km/h in an area with dense settlement 333 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 ae 60 km/h from 23:00-05:00 af Local authorities can modify national speed limits through the posting of speed signs ag Speed limit set per vehicle type with a maximum speed limit of 80 km/h for passengers cars (not exceeding 3500 kg) ah Can be increased to 80 km/h ai Speed limits depend on the geographical area considered: the maximum speed limit is 40 km/h on roads in Greater Victoria and 80 km/h on any other roads; different speed limits are set for the island of praslin and la digue subject respectively to a 65 km/h and 25 km/h speed limit aj Different speed limits are set in urban areas ranging from 30 km/h to 70 km/h ak No rural roads in Singapore al Can be increased up to 70 km/h am Speed limits are established locally per vehicle type and / or per road names or areas an Road authorities can decrease speed limits on both urban and rural roads. Speed limits can only be increased on urban highways ao Ministry of Interior can increase speed limits by 20 km/h for automobiles ap Speed limits are established at subnational level per streets’ names aq A 120 km/h speed limits applies on roads having a bituminous surface coat of 6 metres of more in width 334 TABLE A5: DRINKING AND DRIVING LAWS, ENFORCEMENT AND ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS ATTRIBUTED TO ALCOHOL BY COUNTRY / AREA Country / Area National drink driving law Based on BAC / BrAC National maximum legal BAC levels (g/dl) Random breath testing carried out Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Enforcement % road traffic deaths involving alcohol National drug driving law Alcohol prohibitedGeneral population Young / novice drivers Professional / commercial drivers Afghanistan Yesa No — — — Yes All drivers tested 6 – Yes Yesb Albania Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 Yes Some drivers tested 6 5.2 Yes No Angola Yes Yes ≤ 0.06 ≤ 0.06 ≤ 0.06 Yes Some drivers tested 5 – Yes No Antigua and Barbuda Yesa No — — — No Some drivers tested 4 0.9 Yes No Argentina Yes Yes ≤0.05c ≤0.05c 0.00 Yes — 6 17 Yes No Armenia Yes Yes ≤0.04 ≤0.04 ≤0.04 Yesd All drivers tested 6 1.9 Yes No Australia Yes Yes < 0.05 0.00 0.00 Yes All drivers tested 8 17 Yes No Austria Yes Yes <0.05 <0.01 <0.01 Yes All drivers tested — 5.1 Yes No Azerbaijan Yese No — — — Yes All drivers tested 9 15 Yes No Bangladesh Yesa No — — — Yes Some drivers tested 2 – Yes Yesb Barbados Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yesf All drivers tested 2 – Yes No Belarus Yes Yes <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 Yesd All drivers tested 8 14.3 (Drivers) Yes No Belgium Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.02 Yes Some drivers tested 6 – Yes No Belize Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yesf All drivers tested 4 – Yes No Benin Yesa No — — — Yes No 1 – No No Bhutan Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 0.00 0.00 Yes Some drivers tested 6 – Yes No Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 Yes d All drivers tested 4 6.4 Yes No Bosnia and Herzegovina Yes Yes ≤0.03 0.00 0.0 Yes All drivers tested 6 20.8 Yes No Botswana Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.025 Yes Some drivers tested 6 3.8 Yes No Brazil Yes Yes 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yes Some drivers tested 6 – Yes No Bulgaria Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 Yes All drivers tested 5 0.9 Yes No Burkina Faso Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.02 ≤0.02 Yes No — – Yes No Burundi Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yesd No 1 – No No Cabo Verde Yes Yes <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 Yesg No 5 – No No Cambodia Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Yes No 5 13 Yes No Cameroon Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yes No 2 – No No Canada Yes Yes 0.04 - 0.08* 0.00 - 0.08 0.04 - 0.08 Yesd All drivers tested 8 29.6 Yes No Central African Republic Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 No No — – No No Chad Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 No No 1 – No No Chile Yes Yes ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 Yes All drivers tested 6 13 Yes No China Yes Yes <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 Yesd All drivers tested 9 0.4 Yes No Colombia Yes Yes <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 Yes All drivers tested 5 – Yes No Comoros Yesa No — — — No No 2 – Yes No 335 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area National drink driving law Based on BAC / BrAC National maximum legal BAC levels (g/dl) Random breath testing carried out Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Enforcement % road traffic deaths involving alcohol National drug driving law Alcohol prohibitedGeneral population Young / novice drivers Professional / commercial drivers Afghanistan Yesa No — — — Yes All drivers tested 6 – Yes Yesb Albania Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 Yes Some drivers tested 6 5.2 Yes No Angola Yes Yes ≤ 0.06 ≤ 0.06 ≤ 0.06 Yes Some drivers tested 5 – Yes No Antigua and Barbuda Yesa No — — — No Some drivers tested 4 0.9 Yes No Argentina Yes Yes ≤0.05c ≤0.05c 0.00 Yes — 6 17 Yes No Armenia Yes Yes ≤0.04 ≤0.04 ≤0.04 Yesd All drivers tested 6 1.9 Yes No Australia Yes Yes < 0.05 0.00 0.00 Yes All drivers tested 8 17 Yes No Austria Yes Yes <0.05 <0.01 <0.01 Yes All drivers tested — 5.1 Yes No Azerbaijan Yese No — — — Yes All drivers tested 9 15 Yes No Bangladesh Yesa No — — — Yes Some drivers tested 2 – Yes Yesb Barbados Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yesf All drivers tested 2 – Yes No Belarus Yes Yes <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 Yesd All drivers tested 8 14.3 (Drivers) Yes No Belgium Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.02 Yes Some drivers tested 6 – Yes No Belize Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yesf All drivers tested 4 – Yes No Benin Yesa No — — — Yes No 1 – No No Bhutan Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 0.00 0.00 Yes Some drivers tested 6 – Yes No Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 Yes d All drivers tested 4 6.4 Yes No Bosnia and Herzegovina Yes Yes ≤0.03 0.00 0.0 Yes All drivers tested 6 20.8 Yes No Botswana Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.025 Yes Some drivers tested 6 3.8 Yes No Brazil Yes Yes 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yes Some drivers tested 6 – Yes No Bulgaria Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 Yes All drivers tested 5 0.9 Yes No Burkina Faso Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.02 ≤0.02 Yes No — – Yes No Burundi Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yesd No 1 – No No Cabo Verde Yes Yes <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 Yesg No 5 – No No Cambodia Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Yes No 5 13 Yes No Cameroon Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yes No 2 – No No Canada Yes Yes 0.04 - 0.08* 0.00 - 0.08 0.04 - 0.08 Yesd All drivers tested 8 29.6 Yes No Central African Republic Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 No No — – No No Chad Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 No No 1 – No No Chile Yes Yes ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 Yes All drivers tested 6 13 Yes No China Yes Yes <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 Yesd All drivers tested 9 0.4 Yes No Colombia Yes Yes <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 Yes All drivers tested 5 – Yes No Comoros Yesa No — — — No No 2 – Yes No 336 Country / Area National drink driving law Based on BAC / BrAC National maximum legal BAC levels (g/dl) Random breath testing carried out Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Enforcement % road traffic deaths involving alcohol National drug driving law Alcohol prohibitedGeneral population Young / novice drivers Professional / commercial drivers Congo Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yes No 2 – No No Cook Islands Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yes All drivers tested 6 39 Yes No Costa Rica Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02 Yes All drivers tested 4 31.2 Yes No Côte d’Ivoire Yes Yes <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 Yes No 3 – No No Croatia Yes Yes ≤0.05 0.00 0.00 Yes Some drivers tested 8 23.8 Yes No Cuba Yes Yes ≤0.01 0.00 0.00 Yes All drivers tested 7 33.3 Yes No Cyprus Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.02 ≤0.02 Yes All drivers tested 7 17.4 Yes No Czechia Yes Yes ≤0.03 ≤0.03 ≤0.03 Yes All drivers tested 7 9.5 Yes No Democratic Republic of the Congo Yes Yes <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 Yes d No 2 – No No Denmark Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 Yes Some drivers tested — – Yes No Dominica Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 No No 1 – Yes No Dominican Republic Yes Yes ≤0.05 0.00 0.00 Yes Some drivers tested 3 – Yes No Ecuador Yes Yes ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.01 Yesd All drivers tested 7 6.8 Yes No Egypt Yesa No — — — No Some drivers tested 8 – Yes No El Salvador Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Yes Some drivers tested 7 – Yes No Equatorial Guinea Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 No — — – No No Eritrea Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.03 Yesd No 7 – Yes No Estonia Yes Yes <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 Yes All drivers tested 8 10 Yes No Eswatini Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.02 Yesd No 9 – Yes No Ethiopia Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yesd All drivers tested 2 4.3 Yes No Fiji Yes Yes ≤0.08 0.00 0.00 Yes Some drivers tested 6 5 Yes No Finland Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Yes All drivers tested 9 24 Yes No France Yes Yes <0.05 <0.02 <0.05** Yes All drivers tested 7 29 Yes No Gabon Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yes No 1 – No No Gambia Yesa No — — — No No 1 2.1 Yes No Georgia Yes Yes ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 Yesd All drivers tested 7 9 Yes No Germany Yes Yes <0.05 0.00 <0.05 Yes Some drivers tested — 7 Yes No Ghana Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yesf Some drivers tested 3 – Yes No Greece Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 Yes All drivers tested 4 25.3 Yes No Grenada Yesa No — — — No No 1 – Yes No Guatemala Yesa No — — — Yes Some drivers tested 4 – Yes No Guinea Yes Yes <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 No No 2 – No No Guinea-Bissau Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 No Some drivers tested 1 – Yes Yesb 337 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area National drink driving law Based on BAC / BrAC National maximum legal BAC levels (g/dl) Random breath testing carried out Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Enforcement % road traffic deaths involving alcohol National drug driving law Alcohol prohibitedGeneral population Young / novice drivers Professional / commercial drivers Congo Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yes No 2 – No No Cook Islands Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yes All drivers tested 6 39 Yes No Costa Rica Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02 Yes All drivers tested 4 31.2 Yes No Côte d’Ivoire Yes Yes <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 Yes No 3 – No No Croatia Yes Yes ≤0.05 0.00 0.00 Yes Some drivers tested 8 23.8 Yes No Cuba Yes Yes ≤0.01 0.00 0.00 Yes All drivers tested 7 33.3 Yes No Cyprus Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.02 ≤0.02 Yes All drivers tested 7 17.4 Yes No Czechia Yes Yes ≤0.03 ≤0.03 ≤0.03 Yes All drivers tested 7 9.5 Yes No Democratic Republic of the Congo Yes Yes <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 Yes d No 2 – No No Denmark Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 Yes Some drivers tested — – Yes No Dominica Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 No No 1 – Yes No Dominican Republic Yes Yes ≤0.05 0.00 0.00 Yes Some drivers tested 3 – Yes No Ecuador Yes Yes ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.01 Yesd All drivers tested 7 6.8 Yes No Egypt Yesa No — — — No Some drivers tested 8 – Yes No El Salvador Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Yes Some drivers tested 7 – Yes No Equatorial Guinea Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 No — — – No No Eritrea Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.03 Yesd No 7 – Yes No Estonia Yes Yes <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 Yes All drivers tested 8 10 Yes No Eswatini Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.02 Yesd No 9 – Yes No Ethiopia Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yesd All drivers tested 2 4.3 Yes No Fiji Yes Yes ≤0.08 0.00 0.00 Yes Some drivers tested 6 5 Yes No Finland Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Yes All drivers tested 9 24 Yes No France Yes Yes <0.05 <0.02 <0.05** Yes All drivers tested 7 29 Yes No Gabon Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yes No 1 – No No Gambia Yesa No — — — No No 1 2.1 Yes No Georgia Yes Yes ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 Yesd All drivers tested 7 9 Yes No Germany Yes Yes <0.05 0.00 <0.05 Yes Some drivers tested — 7 Yes No Ghana Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yesf Some drivers tested 3 – Yes No Greece Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 Yes All drivers tested 4 25.3 Yes No Grenada Yesa No — — — No No 1 – Yes No Guatemala Yesa No — — — Yes Some drivers tested 4 – Yes No Guinea Yes Yes <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 No No 2 – No No Guinea-Bissau Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 No Some drivers tested 1 – Yes Yesb 338 Country / Area National drink driving law Based on BAC / BrAC National maximum legal BAC levels (g/dl) Random breath testing carried out Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Enforcement % road traffic deaths involving alcohol National drug driving law Alcohol prohibitedGeneral population Young / novice drivers Professional / commercial drivers Guyana Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yesd No 7 17 Yes No Honduras Yes Yes <0.07 <0.07 <0.07 Yesd All drivers tested 8 6.8 Yes No Hungary Yesh Yes 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yesd All drivers tested 5 7.1 Yes No Iceland Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Yes All drivers tested 7 14 Yes No India Yes Yes ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 Yesd Some drivers tested 4 4.1 Yes No Indonesia Yesa No — — — Yes All drivers tested 9 – Yes No Iran (Islamic Republic of) Yesa No — — — Yesd Some drivers tested 7 1.7 Yes Yesb Iraq Yesa No — — — Yes Some drivers tested 2 – Yes Yesb Ireland Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02 Yes All drivers tested 10 38.5 Yes No Israel Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.01 ≤ 0.01 Yes All drivers tested 7 3.6 Yes No Italy Yes Yes ≤0.05 0.00 0.00 Yes Some drivers tested 7 20 - 25 Yes No Jamaica Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yesf Some drivers tested 2 – Yes No Japan Yes Yes <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 Yes Some drivers tested 9 5.6 Yes No Jordan Yes Yes <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 Yesi Some drivers tested 3 – Yes No Kazakhstan Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 No All drivers tested 7 0.3 Yes Yesb Kenya Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yesf No 5 – Yes No Kiribati Yes Yes ≤0.05j 0.00j 0.00j Yes No 4 – Yes No Kuwait Yesa No — — — No No 5 – Yes Yesb Kyrgyzstan Yesa No — — — Yes All drivers tested 5 – Yes No Lao People’s Democratic Republic Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 0.00 Yes No 3 – No k No Latvia Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02 Yesd All drivers tested 7 10.8 Yes No Lebanon Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 0.00 0.00 Yes Some drivers tested 3 – Yes No Lesotho Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yes No 2 60 Yes No Liberia Yes Yes <0.15*** <0.15*** <0.15*** No All drivers tested 0 – Yes No Libya Yesa No — — — No Some drivers tested 7 1.2 Yes Yesb Lithuania Yes Yes ≤0.04 0.00 0.00 Yes All drivers tested 8 9.6 Yes No Luxembourg Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.02 < 0.02 Yes All drivers tested 6 14 Yes No Madagascar Yes Yes <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 Yes Some drivers tested 2 – Yes No Malawi Yes Yes <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 Yes No 4 – Yes No Malaysia Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yes All drivers tested 4 0.1 No No Maldives Nob No — — — No No — – No Yesb Mali Yes Yes <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 Yes No 3 0.4 Yes No Malta Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02l Yesd All drivers tested 4 – Yes No 339 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area National drink driving law Based on BAC / BrAC National maximum legal BAC levels (g/dl) Random breath testing carried out Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Enforcement % road traffic deaths involving alcohol National drug driving law Alcohol prohibitedGeneral population Young / novice drivers Professional / commercial drivers Guyana Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yesd No 7 17 Yes No Honduras Yes Yes <0.07 <0.07 <0.07 Yesd All drivers tested 8 6.8 Yes No Hungary Yesh Yes 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yesd All drivers tested 5 7.1 Yes No Iceland Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Yes All drivers tested 7 14 Yes No India Yes Yes ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 Yesd Some drivers tested 4 4.1 Yes No Indonesia Yesa No — — — Yes All drivers tested 9 – Yes No Iran (Islamic Republic of) Yesa No — — — Yesd Some drivers tested 7 1.7 Yes Yesb Iraq Yesa No — — — Yes Some drivers tested 2 – Yes Yesb Ireland Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02 Yes All drivers tested 10 38.5 Yes No Israel Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.01 ≤ 0.01 Yes All drivers tested 7 3.6 Yes No Italy Yes Yes ≤0.05 0.00 0.00 Yes Some drivers tested 7 20 - 25 Yes No Jamaica Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yesf Some drivers tested 2 – Yes No Japan Yes Yes <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 Yes Some drivers tested 9 5.6 Yes No Jordan Yes Yes <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 Yesi Some drivers tested 3 – Yes No Kazakhstan Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 No All drivers tested 7 0.3 Yes Yesb Kenya Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yesf No 5 – Yes No Kiribati Yes Yes ≤0.05j 0.00j 0.00j Yes No 4 – Yes No Kuwait Yesa No — — — No No 5 – Yes Yesb Kyrgyzstan Yesa No — — — Yes All drivers tested 5 – Yes No Lao People’s Democratic Republic Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 0.00 Yes No 3 – No k No Latvia Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02 Yesd All drivers tested 7 10.8 Yes No Lebanon Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 0.00 0.00 Yes Some drivers tested 3 – Yes No Lesotho Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yes No 2 60 Yes No Liberia Yes Yes <0.15*** <0.15*** <0.15*** No All drivers tested 0 – Yes No Libya Yesa No — — — No Some drivers tested 7 1.2 Yes Yesb Lithuania Yes Yes ≤0.04 0.00 0.00 Yes All drivers tested 8 9.6 Yes No Luxembourg Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.02 < 0.02 Yes All drivers tested 6 14 Yes No Madagascar Yes Yes <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 Yes Some drivers tested 2 – Yes No Malawi Yes Yes <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 Yes No 4 – Yes No Malaysia Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yes All drivers tested 4 0.1 No No Maldives Nob No — — — No No — – No Yesb Mali Yes Yes <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 Yes No 3 0.4 Yes No Malta Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02l Yesd All drivers tested 4 – Yes No 340 Country / Area National drink driving law Based on BAC / BrAC National maximum legal BAC levels (g/dl) Random breath testing carried out Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Enforcement % road traffic deaths involving alcohol National drug driving law Alcohol prohibitedGeneral population Young / novice drivers Professional / commercial drivers Mauritania Yesa No — — — No No 8 – Yes Yesb Mauritius Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 Yesd All drivers tested 7 23.6 Yes No Mexico Yesm No — — — Yes Some drivers tested 7 19.5 Yes No Micronesia (Federated States of) Yes n No — — — No No 5 100 Yes No Mongolia Yes Yes <0.04o <0.04o <0.04o Yesf All drivers tested 8 25 Yes No Montenegro Yes Yes ≤0.03 0.00 ≤0.03 Yes All drivers tested 7 – Yes No Morocco Yes Yes <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 Yes No 5 3.7 Yes Yesb Mozambique Yes Yes <0.06 <0.06 <0.06**** Yes Some drivers tested 6 – Yes No Myanmar Yesa No — — — Yes Some drivers tested 6 21.4 Yes Yesb Namibia Yes Yes ≤0.079 ≤0.079 ≤0.079 Yes Some drivers tested 4 3.9 Yes No Nepal Yesa No — — — Yes Some drivers tested 8 – Yes No Netherlands Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.05 Yes No 6 11 - 24 Yes No New Zealand Yes Yes ≤0.05 0.00 ≤0.05 Yes Some drivers tested 7 27 Yes No Niger Yesa No — — — No No 6 – Yes No Nigeria Yes Yes ≤0.05p ≤0.002q ≤0.000r Yes No 4 0.5 Yes No Norway Yes Yes ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02 Yes Some drivers tested 10 13 Yes No Oman Yesa No — — — Yes All drivers tested 10 0.7 Yes No Pakistan Yesa No — — — No No 4 – Yes Yesb Panama Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 Yes All drivers tested 5 – Yes No Papua New Guinea Yess No — — — No No — 56 Yes No Paraguay Yes Yes 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yes All drivers tested 6 – Yes No Peru Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤ 0.025 Yes All drivers tested 2 9.3 Yes No Philippines Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 0.00 Yesd Some drivers tested 4 – Yes No Poland Yes Yes < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 Yes All drivers tested 10 12.7 Yes No Portugal Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.02 < 0.02 Yes All drivers tested 7 29.2 Yes No Qatar Yesa No — — — No All drivers tested 9 2.2 Yes Yesb Republic of Korea Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Yesd Some drivers tested 7 11.2 Yes No Republic of Moldova Yes Yes ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 Yes All drivers tested 8 9.4 Yes No Romania Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yes All drivers tested 8 5.6 Yes No Russian Federation Yes Yes ≤0.03o ≤0.03o ≤0.03o Yes All drivers tested 6 22.9 Yes No Rwanda Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yesf Some drivers tested 9 – No No Saint Lucia Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 No All drivers tested 0 – Yes No Samoa Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yes No 8 – Yes No 341 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area National drink driving law Based on BAC / BrAC National maximum legal BAC levels (g/dl) Random breath testing carried out Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Enforcement % road traffic deaths involving alcohol National drug driving law Alcohol prohibitedGeneral population Young / novice drivers Professional / commercial drivers Mauritania Yesa No — — — No No 8 – Yes Yesb Mauritius Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 Yesd All drivers tested 7 23.6 Yes No Mexico Yesm No — — — Yes Some drivers tested 7 19.5 Yes No Micronesia (Federated States of) Yes n No — — — No No 5 100 Yes No Mongolia Yes Yes <0.04o <0.04o <0.04o Yesf All drivers tested 8 25 Yes No Montenegro Yes Yes ≤0.03 0.00 ≤0.03 Yes All drivers tested 7 – Yes No Morocco Yes Yes <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 Yes No 5 3.7 Yes Yesb Mozambique Yes Yes <0.06 <0.06 <0.06**** Yes Some drivers tested 6 – Yes No Myanmar Yesa No — — — Yes Some drivers tested 6 21.4 Yes Yesb Namibia Yes Yes ≤0.079 ≤0.079 ≤0.079 Yes Some drivers tested 4 3.9 Yes No Nepal Yesa No — — — Yes Some drivers tested 8 – Yes No Netherlands Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.05 Yes No 6 11 - 24 Yes No New Zealand Yes Yes ≤0.05 0.00 ≤0.05 Yes Some drivers tested 7 27 Yes No Niger Yesa No — — — No No 6 – Yes No Nigeria Yes Yes ≤0.05p ≤0.002q ≤0.000r Yes No 4 0.5 Yes No Norway Yes Yes ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02 Yes Some drivers tested 10 13 Yes No Oman Yesa No — — — Yes All drivers tested 10 0.7 Yes No Pakistan Yesa No — — — No No 4 – Yes Yesb Panama Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 Yes All drivers tested 5 – Yes No Papua New Guinea Yess No — — — No No — 56 Yes No Paraguay Yes Yes 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yes All drivers tested 6 – Yes No Peru Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤ 0.025 Yes All drivers tested 2 9.3 Yes No Philippines Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 0.00 Yesd Some drivers tested 4 – Yes No Poland Yes Yes < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 Yes All drivers tested 10 12.7 Yes No Portugal Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.02 < 0.02 Yes All drivers tested 7 29.2 Yes No Qatar Yesa No — — — No All drivers tested 9 2.2 Yes Yesb Republic of Korea Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Yesd Some drivers tested 7 11.2 Yes No Republic of Moldova Yes Yes ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 Yes All drivers tested 8 9.4 Yes No Romania Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yes All drivers tested 8 5.6 Yes No Russian Federation Yes Yes ≤0.03o ≤0.03o ≤0.03o Yes All drivers tested 6 22.9 Yes No Rwanda Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yesf Some drivers tested 9 – No No Saint Lucia Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 No All drivers tested 0 – Yes No Samoa Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yes No 8 – Yes No 342 Country / Area National drink driving law Based on BAC / BrAC National maximum legal BAC levels (g/dl) Random breath testing carried out Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Enforcement % road traffic deaths involving alcohol National drug driving law Alcohol prohibitedGeneral population Young / novice drivers Professional / commercial drivers San Marino Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 Yesd All drivers tested 6 – Yes No Sao Tome and Principe Yes Yes <0.12 <0.12 <0.12 No No 2 – Yes No Saudi Arabia Yesa No — — — No Some drivers tested 9 – Yes Yesb Senegal Yesa No — — — No No 3 – Yes No Serbia Yes Yes ≤0.03 0.00 0.00 Yes All drivers tested 5 17 Yes No Seychelles Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yesf No 6 – Yes No Singapore Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yesf All drivers tested 8 6.4 Yes No Slovakia Yest Yes 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yes All drivers tested 8 6.1 Yes No Slovenia Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 0.00 0.00 Yes All drivers tested 7 32 Yes No Solomon Islands Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Yes Some drivers tested 7 – Yes No Somalia Yesa No — — — No No 1 – Yes Yesb South Africa Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.02 Yes Some drivers tested 5 57.5 Yes No South Sudan Yesa No — — — No No 0 – Yes No Spain Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤0.03 ≤0.03 Yes Some drivers tested 7 17 Males, 6.7 Females Yes No Sri Lanka Yes Yes < 0.08 < 0.08 < 0.08 No Some drivers tested 9 – Yes No Sudan Yesa No — — — Yes All drivers tested 7 0.3 Yes Yesb Suriname Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 Yes Some drivers tested 5 – Yes No Sweden Yes Yes < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 Yes All drivers tested 6 24 Yes No Switzerland Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.01 < 0.01 Yes Some drivers tested 6 13 Yes No Syrian Arab Republic Yesu No — — — Yes Some drivers tested 7 – No No Tajikistan Yesa No — — — Yes All drivers tested 9 4.2 Yes No Thailand Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.02 0.00 Yesd Some drivers tested 6 14.1 Yes No The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Yes Yes ≤0.05 < 0.01 ≤0.009 Yes All drivers tested 5 1.4 Yes No Timor-Leste Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 No Some drivers tested 4 – Yes No Togo Yesa No — — — No No 0 – Yes No Tonga Yes Yes <0.03o <0.03o <0.03o Yes No 5 77 No No Trinidad and Tobago Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yesd All drivers tested 6 – Yes No Tunisia Yes Yes <0.03 0.00 0.00 No All drivers tested 3 1.6 Yes No Turkey Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.02 Yes All drivers tested 9 3.3 Yes No Turkmenistan Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 Yes All drivers tested 10 – No No Uganda Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 0.00 Yesf Some drivers tested 6 0.8 Yes No Ukraine Yes Yes ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02 ≤0.02 No All drivers tested 5 6.7 Yes No 343 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area National drink driving law Based on BAC / BrAC National maximum legal BAC levels (g/dl) Random breath testing carried out Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Enforcement % road traffic deaths involving alcohol National drug driving law Alcohol prohibitedGeneral population Young / novice drivers Professional / commercial drivers San Marino Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 Yesd All drivers tested 6 – Yes No Sao Tome and Principe Yes Yes <0.12 <0.12 <0.12 No No 2 – Yes No Saudi Arabia Yesa No — — — No Some drivers tested 9 – Yes Yesb Senegal Yesa No — — — No No 3 – Yes No Serbia Yes Yes ≤0.03 0.00 0.00 Yes All drivers tested 5 17 Yes No Seychelles Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yesf No 6 – Yes No Singapore Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yesf All drivers tested 8 6.4 Yes No Slovakia Yest Yes 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yes All drivers tested 8 6.1 Yes No Slovenia Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 0.00 0.00 Yes All drivers tested 7 32 Yes No Solomon Islands Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Yes Some drivers tested 7 – Yes No Somalia Yesa No — — — No No 1 – Yes Yesb South Africa Yes Yes <0.05 <0.05 <0.02 Yes Some drivers tested 5 57.5 Yes No South Sudan Yesa No — — — No No 0 – Yes No Spain Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤0.03 ≤0.03 Yes Some drivers tested 7 17 Males, 6.7 Females Yes No Sri Lanka Yes Yes < 0.08 < 0.08 < 0.08 No Some drivers tested 9 – Yes No Sudan Yesa No — — — Yes All drivers tested 7 0.3 Yes Yesb Suriname Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 Yes Some drivers tested 5 – Yes No Sweden Yes Yes < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 Yes All drivers tested 6 24 Yes No Switzerland Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.01 < 0.01 Yes Some drivers tested 6 13 Yes No Syrian Arab Republic Yesu No — — — Yes Some drivers tested 7 – No No Tajikistan Yesa No — — — Yes All drivers tested 9 4.2 Yes No Thailand Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.02 0.00 Yesd Some drivers tested 6 14.1 Yes No The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Yes Yes ≤0.05 < 0.01 ≤0.009 Yes All drivers tested 5 1.4 Yes No Timor-Leste Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 No Some drivers tested 4 – Yes No Togo Yesa No — — — No No 0 – Yes No Tonga Yes Yes <0.03o <0.03o <0.03o Yes No 5 77 No No Trinidad and Tobago Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 Yesd All drivers tested 6 – Yes No Tunisia Yes Yes <0.03 0.00 0.00 No All drivers tested 3 1.6 Yes No Turkey Yes Yes ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.02 Yes All drivers tested 9 3.3 Yes No Turkmenistan Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 Yes All drivers tested 10 – No No Uganda Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 0.00 Yesf Some drivers tested 6 0.8 Yes No Ukraine Yes Yes ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02 ≤0.02 No All drivers tested 5 6.7 Yes No 344 Country / Area National drink driving law Based on BAC / BrAC National maximum legal BAC levels (g/dl) Random breath testing carried out Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Enforcement % road traffic deaths involving alcohol National drug driving law Alcohol prohibitedGeneral population Young / novice drivers Professional / commercial drivers United Arab Emirates Yes Yes ≤ 0.01 ≤ 0.01 ≤ 0.01 No All drivers tested 10 1.8 Yes Yesb United Kingdom Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08***** ≤0.08***** Yesd All drivers tested 8 13 (GB), 23 (NI) Yes No United Republic of Tanzania Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 0.00 Yes f No 6 1 Yes No United States of America Yes Yes ≤0.08 0.00 - 0.08****** 0.00 - 0.08 Yes Some drivers tested — 29 Yes No Uruguay Yes Yes 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yes Some drivers tested 9 – Yes No Uzbekistan Yesa No — — — Yes — 10 3.6 Yes No Vanuatu Yesa No — — — No No 0 67 Yes No Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Yes a No — — — Yes All drivers tested 4 – Yes No Viet Nam Yesv Yes 0.00— 0.05 0.00 — 0.05v 0.00 — 0.05 Yes Some drivers tested 8 – Yes No West Bank and Gaza Strip Yesa No — — — Yes No 5 – Yes No Zimbabwe Yes Yes <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 No Some drivers tested 5 – Yes No a Not based on BAC b Alcohol consumption legally prohibited c ≤0.2 g/l for motorcycles drivers d Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers e Law not based on BAC / BrAC f Legislation requires probable cause to test drivers or commission of a traffic offence g Legislation refers to testing in case of crash h Any presence of alcohol in the body is prohibited i Legislation refers to alcohol testing in case of reckless driving or in the case of a crash j BAC limit introduced by the traffic act 2017, at December 2017, the notice of commencment had not yet been signed k Legislation banning drug driving only applies to bus and truck drivers l For commercial drivers limits are as follows: «≤ 9 microgrammes in 100 ml (BrAC), 20 mg in 100 ml (BAC) and 27 mg in 100 ml of urine» while there is a 0 limit For driver of buses, coaches and other vehicles carrying passengers for a fee m Not based on BAC in 19 out of 32 states n In Yap a BAC limit is provided in the law. In Kosrae and Pohnpei, the law is not based on a BAC limit. No data is available for Chuuk o Law based on breath alcohol concentration, values converted to BAC p The legislation, as amended in 2016, refers to an alcohol legal limit of «0.05» for the general population but does not specify the unit to consider q The legislation, as amended in 2016, refers to an alcohol legal limit of «0.002» for young or novice drivers but does not specify the unit to consider r The legislation, as amended in 2016, refers to an alcohol legal limit of «0.000» for commercial drivers» but does not specify the unit to consider s Law not based on BAC t Driving with presence of any alcohol in the body is prohibited u The law refers to regulations to set BAC limit, regulations not available v Different Bac limits are set depending on the type of vehicle used: for drivers of cars the bac limit is set at 0.00g/dl while for drivers of motorcycles and mopeds the legal bac limit is set at 0.05g/dl 345 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area National drink driving law Based on BAC / BrAC National maximum legal BAC levels (g/dl) Random breath testing carried out Testing carried out in case of fatal crash Enforcement % road traffic deaths involving alcohol National drug driving law Alcohol prohibitedGeneral population Young / novice drivers Professional / commercial drivers United Arab Emirates Yes Yes ≤ 0.01 ≤ 0.01 ≤ 0.01 No All drivers tested 10 1.8 Yes Yesb United Kingdom Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08***** ≤0.08***** Yesd All drivers tested 8 13 (GB), 23 (NI) Yes No United Republic of Tanzania Yes Yes ≤0.08 ≤0.08 0.00 Yes f No 6 1 Yes No United States of America Yes Yes ≤0.08 0.00 - 0.08****** 0.00 - 0.08 Yes Some drivers tested — 29 Yes No Uruguay Yes Yes 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yes Some drivers tested 9 – Yes No Uzbekistan Yesa No — — — Yes — 10 3.6 Yes No Vanuatu Yesa No — — — No No 0 67 Yes No Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Yes a No — — — Yes All drivers tested 4 – Yes No Viet Nam Yesv Yes 0.00— 0.05 0.00 — 0.05v 0.00 — 0.05 Yes Some drivers tested 8 – Yes No West Bank and Gaza Strip Yesa No — — — Yes No 5 – Yes No Zimbabwe Yes Yes <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 No Some drivers tested 5 – Yes No * National BAC limit is set at 0.08 g/dl. However, in practice all subnational entities have provided their own BAC limits that are reflected in the range above ** Drivers of public transport vehicles are subject to a BAC limit of 0.02 g/dl while other commercial drivers are subject to the BAC limit applicable to the general population (≤0.05g/dl) *** Over this limit there is a presumption of alcohol impairment (from 0.05 to 0.15 no presumption established but the alcohol concentration can be used to decide on the guilt or innocence of the driver) **** Except for drivers of public transport and dangerous cargo subject to a blood alcohol concentration limit of 0.00 g/dl ***** In Scotland legal BAC limit is ≤ 0.05 g/dl ****** Over 90% of the states provide a BAC limit equal or under 0.02 g/dl for young-novice drivers 346 TABLE A6: HELMET LAWS, ENFORCEMENT AND WEARING RATES BY COUNTRY / AREA Country / Area Motorcycle helmet law Children passengers on motorcycles Enforcement Helmet wearing rate (%)National motorcycle helmet law Applies to driver Applies to adult passengers Applies to all roads Applies to all engines Helmet fastening required Standard referred to and / or specified Afghanistan No — — — — — — Not restricted — Albania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 6 75% Drivers, 60% Passengers Angola Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 7 yrs 7 40% Drivers, 15% Passengers Antigua and Barbuda No — — — — — — Not restricted — Argentina Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 4 65.4% Drivers, 44.2% Passengers Armenia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 9 95% Drivers, 90% Passengers Australia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 8 yrs 8 99% Drivers Austria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 100% All riders Azerbaijan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Prohibited under 12 yrs 6 Bangladesh Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 6 Barbados Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 9 Belarus Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 8 Belgium Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited under 3 /8 yrsa 9 99% Drivers, 100% Passengers Belize Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Not restricted 5 Benin Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Not restricted 3 25% Drivers, 1% Passengers Bhutan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 9 Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 3 51.9% Drivers, 3% Passengers Bosnia and Herzegovina Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Prohibited under 12 yrs 7 Botswana Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 8 Brazil Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 7 yrs 7 83.4% Drivers, 80.1% Passengers Bulgaria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Prohibited under 12 yrs 5 80% Drivers, 30% Passengers Burkina Faso Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited under 5 yrs 4 9% All riders Burundi Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 5 Cabo Verde Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Prohibited under 7 yrs 8 Cambodia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 6 70% - 43% Drivers, 30 - 13% Passengersb Cameroon Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Prohibited under 5 yrs 1 Canada Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 10 98% Drivers, 98% Passengers Central African Republic Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Prohibited under 5 yrs 0 Chad Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Prohibited under 5 yrs 5 Chile Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 9 99% Drivers, 98% Passengers China Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 6 20% All riders Colombia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 4 96% Drivers, 79.8% Passengers 347 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Motorcycle helmet law Children passengers on motorcycles Enforcement Helmet wearing rate (%)National motorcycle helmet law Applies to driver Applies to adult passengers Applies to all roads Applies to all engines Helmet fastening required Standard referred to and / or specified Afghanistan No — — — — — — Not restricted — Albania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 6 75% Drivers, 60% Passengers Angola Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 7 yrs 7 40% Drivers, 15% Passengers Antigua and Barbuda No — — — — — — Not restricted — Argentina Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 4 65.4% Drivers, 44.2% Passengers Armenia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 9 95% Drivers, 90% Passengers Australia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 8 yrs 8 99% Drivers Austria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 100% All riders Azerbaijan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Prohibited under 12 yrs 6 Bangladesh Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 6 Barbados Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 9 Belarus Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 8 Belgium Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited under 3 /8 yrsa 9 99% Drivers, 100% Passengers Belize Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Not restricted 5 Benin Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Not restricted 3 25% Drivers, 1% Passengers Bhutan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 9 Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 3 51.9% Drivers, 3% Passengers Bosnia and Herzegovina Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Prohibited under 12 yrs 7 Botswana Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 8 Brazil Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 7 yrs 7 83.4% Drivers, 80.1% Passengers Bulgaria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Prohibited under 12 yrs 5 80% Drivers, 30% Passengers Burkina Faso Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited under 5 yrs 4 9% All riders Burundi Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 5 Cabo Verde Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Prohibited under 7 yrs 8 Cambodia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 6 70% - 43% Drivers, 30 - 13% Passengersb Cameroon Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Prohibited under 5 yrs 1 Canada Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 10 98% Drivers, 98% Passengers Central African Republic Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Prohibited under 5 yrs 0 Chad Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Prohibited under 5 yrs 5 Chile Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 9 99% Drivers, 98% Passengers China Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 6 20% All riders Colombia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 4 96% Drivers, 79.8% Passengers 348 Country / Area Motorcycle helmet law Children passengers on motorcycles Enforcement Helmet wearing rate (%)National motorcycle helmet law Applies to driver Applies to adult passengers Applies to all roads Applies to all engines Helmet fastening required Standard referred to and / or specified Comoros No — — — — — — Not restricted — Congo Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Prohibited under 5 yrs 3 27% All riders Cook Islands Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restrictedc 5 Costa Rica Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited under 5 yrs 5 98.3% Drivers, 91.8% Passengers Côte d’Ivoire Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 4 Croatia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 9 95% Drivers, 95% Passengers Cuba Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 7 yrs 8 95% Drivers, 90% Passengers Cyprus Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 7 75.1% Drivers, 68.3% Passengers Czechia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 9 Democratic Republic of the Congo Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 4 Denmark Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 5 yrs / 135 cm 98% Drivers Dominica No — — — — — — Not restricted — Dominican Republic Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited under 8 yrs 5 27% Drivers, 2% Passengers Ecuador Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 7 yrs 8 90% Drivers, 12 - 52% Passengers Egypt Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 3 El Salvador Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Not restricted 7 Equatorial Guinea Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Prohibited under 5 yrs 0 Eritrea Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 8 95% Drivers, 95% Passengers Estonia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 9 98% Drivers Eswatini Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 5 Ethiopia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 2 Fiji Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 8 yrsd 8 80% Drivers, 80% Passengers Finland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 9 98.3% All riders France Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 9 98% All riders Gabon Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Prohibited under 5 yrs 5 Gambia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 4 Georgia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 7 Germany Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Not restricted 99% Drivers, 100% Passengers Ghana Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 5 41.8% Drivers, 16.9% Passengers Greece Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 5 yrs 4 75% Drivers, 46% Passengers Grenada Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 1 Guatemala Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 4 36% Drivers, 11% Passengers 349 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Motorcycle helmet law Children passengers on motorcycles Enforcement Helmet wearing rate (%)National motorcycle helmet law Applies to driver Applies to adult passengers Applies to all roads Applies to all engines Helmet fastening required Standard referred to and / or specified Comoros No — — — — — — Not restricted — Congo Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Prohibited under 5 yrs 3 27% All riders Cook Islands Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restrictedc 5 Costa Rica Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited under 5 yrs 5 98.3% Drivers, 91.8% Passengers Côte d’Ivoire Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 4 Croatia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 9 95% Drivers, 95% Passengers Cuba Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 7 yrs 8 95% Drivers, 90% Passengers Cyprus Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 7 75.1% Drivers, 68.3% Passengers Czechia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 9 Democratic Republic of the Congo Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 4 Denmark Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 5 yrs / 135 cm 98% Drivers Dominica No — — — — — — Not restricted — Dominican Republic Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited under 8 yrs 5 27% Drivers, 2% Passengers Ecuador Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 7 yrs 8 90% Drivers, 12 - 52% Passengers Egypt Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 3 El Salvador Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Not restricted 7 Equatorial Guinea Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Prohibited under 5 yrs 0 Eritrea Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 8 95% Drivers, 95% Passengers Estonia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 9 98% Drivers Eswatini Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 5 Ethiopia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 2 Fiji Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 8 yrsd 8 80% Drivers, 80% Passengers Finland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 9 98.3% All riders France Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 9 98% All riders Gabon Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Prohibited under 5 yrs 5 Gambia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 4 Georgia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 7 Germany Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Not restricted 99% Drivers, 100% Passengers Ghana Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 5 41.8% Drivers, 16.9% Passengers Greece Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 5 yrs 4 75% Drivers, 46% Passengers Grenada Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 1 Guatemala Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 4 36% Drivers, 11% Passengers 350 Country / Area Motorcycle helmet law Children passengers on motorcycles Enforcement Helmet wearing rate (%)National motorcycle helmet law Applies to driver Applies to adult passengers Applies to all roads Applies to all engines Helmet fastening required Standard referred to and / or specified Guinea Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 4 7.9% All riders Guinea-Bissau Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 6 yrs 4 Guyana No — — — — — — Not restricted — 50% Drivers, 20% Passengers Honduras Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 4 Hungary Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 8 92.3% country roads, 100% Budapest % All riders Iceland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restrictede 9 India Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 4 30% Drivers, <10% Passengers Indonesia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 9 71.4% All riders Iran (Islamic Republic of) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 5 59% Drivers, 20% Passengers Iraq Yes Yes No Yes Yesf No No Not restricted 5 Ireland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 10 99.9% Drivers Israel Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 9 98% Drivers, 98% Passengers Italy Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 5 yrs 9 98% All riders Jamaica Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 2 6% Drivers, 2% Passengers Japan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 9 Jordan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 7 Kazakhstan Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 7 Kenya Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 3 35.1% Drivers, 2.8% Passengers Kiribati Yesg Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted Kuwait Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 3 Kyrgyzstan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 5 Lao People’s Democratic Republic Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 7 Latvia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 150 cm 7 Lebanon Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 10 yrs 5 Lesotho Yes Yes Yes Yes Noh No No Not restricted 8 75% Drivers, 3% Passengers Liberia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Prohibited under 13 yrs 1 Libya Yes No No Yes Yes No No Not restricted 1 Lithuania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 9 Luxembourg Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 10 Madagascar Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 2 Malawi Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Not restricted 2 Malaysia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 8 91.2% Drivers, 87% Passengers 351 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Motorcycle helmet law Children passengers on motorcycles Enforcement Helmet wearing rate (%)National motorcycle helmet law Applies to driver Applies to adult passengers Applies to all roads Applies to all engines Helmet fastening required Standard referred to and / or specified Guinea Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 4 7.9% All riders Guinea-Bissau Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 6 yrs 4 Guyana No — — — — — — Not restricted — 50% Drivers, 20% Passengers Honduras Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 4 Hungary Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 8 92.3% country roads, 100% Budapest % All riders Iceland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restrictede 9 India Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 4 30% Drivers, <10% Passengers Indonesia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 9 71.4% All riders Iran (Islamic Republic of) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 5 59% Drivers, 20% Passengers Iraq Yes Yes No Yes Yesf No No Not restricted 5 Ireland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 10 99.9% Drivers Israel Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 9 98% Drivers, 98% Passengers Italy Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 5 yrs 9 98% All riders Jamaica Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 2 6% Drivers, 2% Passengers Japan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 9 Jordan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 7 Kazakhstan Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 7 Kenya Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 3 35.1% Drivers, 2.8% Passengers Kiribati Yesg Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted Kuwait Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 3 Kyrgyzstan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 5 Lao People’s Democratic Republic Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 7 Latvia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 150 cm 7 Lebanon Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 10 yrs 5 Lesotho Yes Yes Yes Yes Noh No No Not restricted 8 75% Drivers, 3% Passengers Liberia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Prohibited under 13 yrs 1 Libya Yes No No Yes Yes No No Not restricted 1 Lithuania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 9 Luxembourg Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 10 Madagascar Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 2 Malawi Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Not restricted 2 Malaysia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 8 91.2% Drivers, 87% Passengers 352 Country / Area Motorcycle helmet law Children passengers on motorcycles Enforcement Helmet wearing rate (%)National motorcycle helmet law Applies to driver Applies to adult passengers Applies to all roads Applies to all engines Helmet fastening required Standard referred to and / or specified Maldives Yes Noi Noi No Yes No No Not restricted 5 Mali Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Not restricted 3 6.2% Drivers, 0.4% Passengers Malta Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 9 Mauritania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 3 Mauritius Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yesj Not restricted 10 Mexico No No No No No No No Not restricted — 83.1% Drivers, 55.4% Passengers Micronesia (Federated States of) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 7 Mongolia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restrictedk 1 Montenegro Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yesl Prohibited under 12 yrs 6 70% Drivers, 30% Passengers Morocco Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 7 64.4% Drivers, 30.5% Passengers Mozambique Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 7 yrs 4 Myanmar Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited until footrests can be reached 6 32% Drivers, 26.7% Passengers Namibia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Not restricted 7 Nepal Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 8 Netherlands Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Not restricted 5 99.9% Drivers, 84% Passengers New Zealand Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 9 Niger Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 5 Nigeria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 4 Norway Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 10 99% Drivers, 99% Passengers Oman Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 10 98% Drivers, 92% Passengers Pakistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 3 10.4% All riders Panama Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 6 Papua New Guinea Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted Paraguay Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 6 Peru Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 4 69.9% Drivers, 7.7% Passengers Philippines Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restrictedm 6 51.3% All riders, 86.7% Drivers Poland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restrictedn 7 99% Drivers, 100% Passengers Portugal Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 7 yrs 9 97.6% Drivers, 97.3% Passengers Qatar Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 9 Republic of Korea Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 6 86% Drivers, 40% Passengers Republic of Moldova Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 8 353 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Motorcycle helmet law Children passengers on motorcycles Enforcement Helmet wearing rate (%)National motorcycle helmet law Applies to driver Applies to adult passengers Applies to all roads Applies to all engines Helmet fastening required Standard referred to and / or specified Maldives Yes Noi Noi No Yes No No Not restricted 5 Mali Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Not restricted 3 6.2% Drivers, 0.4% Passengers Malta Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 9 Mauritania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 3 Mauritius Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yesj Not restricted 10 Mexico No No No No No No No Not restricted — 83.1% Drivers, 55.4% Passengers Micronesia (Federated States of) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 7 Mongolia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restrictedk 1 Montenegro Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yesl Prohibited under 12 yrs 6 70% Drivers, 30% Passengers Morocco Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 7 64.4% Drivers, 30.5% Passengers Mozambique Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 7 yrs 4 Myanmar Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited until footrests can be reached 6 32% Drivers, 26.7% Passengers Namibia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Not restricted 7 Nepal Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 8 Netherlands Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Not restricted 5 99.9% Drivers, 84% Passengers New Zealand Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 9 Niger Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 5 Nigeria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 4 Norway Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 10 99% Drivers, 99% Passengers Oman Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 10 98% Drivers, 92% Passengers Pakistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 3 10.4% All riders Panama Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 6 Papua New Guinea Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted Paraguay Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 6 Peru Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 4 69.9% Drivers, 7.7% Passengers Philippines Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restrictedm 6 51.3% All riders, 86.7% Drivers Poland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restrictedn 7 99% Drivers, 100% Passengers Portugal Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 7 yrs 9 97.6% Drivers, 97.3% Passengers Qatar Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 9 Republic of Korea Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 6 86% Drivers, 40% Passengers Republic of Moldova Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 8 354 Country / Area Motorcycle helmet law Children passengers on motorcycles Enforcement Helmet wearing rate (%)National motorcycle helmet law Applies to driver Applies to adult passengers Applies to all roads Applies to all engines Helmet fastening required Standard referred to and / or specified Romania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Prohibited under 14 yrso 7 Russian Federation Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 4 Rwanda Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Not restricted 10 Saint Lucia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 2 Samoa Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Not restricted 10 100% Drivers, 100% Passengers San Marino Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 10 Sao Tome and Principe Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Prohibited under 7 yrs 7 Saudi Arabia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 16 yrs 2 Senegal Yes No Yes Yes No No No Not restricted 5 Serbia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 8 85.7% Drivers,74.3 - 86.5% Passengers Seychelles Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Nop Prohibited under 10 yrs 7 Singapore Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 10 yrs 9 Slovakia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 8 Slovenia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrsq 8 Solomon Islands Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 6 Somalia No — — — — — — Not restricted — South Africa Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Not restricted 8 South Sudan No — — — — — — Not restricted — Spain Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited under 7 / 12 yrs 8 99% Drivers, 93.3% Passengers Sri Lanka Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 9 95% All riders Sudan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 3 Suriname Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Not restricted 7 95% Drivers, 92% Passengers Sweden Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 8 97 - 99 (97 for moped drivers)% All riders Switzerland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 9 100% Drivers Syrian Arab Republic Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No Not restricted 7 Tajikistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 6 Thailand Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 6 51% Drivers, 20% Passengers The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 7 Timor-Leste Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 7 Togo Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 7 Tonga Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 8 Trinidad and Tobago Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 9 355 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Motorcycle helmet law Children passengers on motorcycles Enforcement Helmet wearing rate (%)National motorcycle helmet law Applies to driver Applies to adult passengers Applies to all roads Applies to all engines Helmet fastening required Standard referred to and / or specified Romania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Prohibited under 14 yrso 7 Russian Federation Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 4 Rwanda Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Not restricted 10 Saint Lucia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 2 Samoa Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Not restricted 10 100% Drivers, 100% Passengers San Marino Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 10 Sao Tome and Principe Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Prohibited under 7 yrs 7 Saudi Arabia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 16 yrs 2 Senegal Yes No Yes Yes No No No Not restricted 5 Serbia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 8 85.7% Drivers,74.3 - 86.5% Passengers Seychelles Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Nop Prohibited under 10 yrs 7 Singapore Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 10 yrs 9 Slovakia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 8 Slovenia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prohibited under 12 yrsq 8 Solomon Islands Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 6 Somalia No — — — — — — Not restricted — South Africa Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Not restricted 8 South Sudan No — — — — — — Not restricted — Spain Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited under 7 / 12 yrs 8 99% Drivers, 93.3% Passengers Sri Lanka Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 9 95% All riders Sudan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 3 Suriname Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Not restricted 7 95% Drivers, 92% Passengers Sweden Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 8 97 - 99 (97 for moped drivers)% All riders Switzerland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 9 100% Drivers Syrian Arab Republic Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No Not restricted 7 Tajikistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 6 Thailand Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 6 51% Drivers, 20% Passengers The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 7 Timor-Leste Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 7 Togo Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 7 Tonga Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 8 Trinidad and Tobago Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 9 356 Country / Area Motorcycle helmet law Children passengers on motorcycles Enforcement Helmet wearing rate (%)National motorcycle helmet law Applies to driver Applies to adult passengers Applies to all roads Applies to all engines Helmet fastening required Standard referred to and / or specified Tunisia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited under 6 yrs 3 Turkey Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 9 75% All riders Turkmenistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Prohibited under 12 yrs 9 Uganda Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 5 49% Drivers, 1% Passengers Ukraine Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs / 145 cm 3 United Arab Emirates Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 10 United Kingdom Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 9 United Republic of Tanzania Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 6 United States of America Yes Nor Nor No No No Yes Not restricteds 67.8% Drivers, 52.5% Passengers Uruguay Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited until footrests can be reached 7 80.2% Drivers, 71.2% Passengers Uzbekistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 10 Vanuatu Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 8 90% Drivers, 90% Passengers Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Prohibited under 10 yrs 3 Viet Nam Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 8 81% Drivers, 60.4% Passengers West Bank and Gaza Strip Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 5 Zimbabwe Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 8 a Restrictions vary depending on the type of motorcycles: children under 3 years are not allowed on mopeds and motorcycles, children under 8 years are not allowed on motorcycles over 125cc b Percentage are for day - and night -time observations, respectively c Obligation to use a helmet only applies to those riding on a motorcycle travelling above 40 km/h (except for specific provisions in Rarotonga - persons between 16 and 25 and visitors required to wear helmet at all speeds) d Except if motorcycle is fitted with one additional seat designed to transport children e Children who are 7 years or younger shall be placed in an appropriate child seat while children older than 7 years shall be able to have their feet reaching the pedals f Helmet use is required for motorcycles, defined as two or three wheeled vehicles powered by a mechanical engine of 125 cc or more. The use of motorcycles with an engine of less than 125cc is forbidden on public roads g Helmet provisions introduced by the Traffic Act 2017, at december 2017, the notice of commencment had not yet been signed h Does not apply to mopeds i Only required on roads where vehicles may be driven at a speed higher than the normal limit 357 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Motorcycle helmet law Children passengers on motorcycles Enforcement Helmet wearing rate (%)National motorcycle helmet law Applies to driver Applies to adult passengers Applies to all roads Applies to all engines Helmet fastening required Standard referred to and / or specified Tunisia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited under 6 yrs 3 Turkey Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 9 75% All riders Turkmenistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Prohibited under 12 yrs 9 Uganda Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 5 49% Drivers, 1% Passengers Ukraine Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs / 145 cm 3 United Arab Emirates Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Not restricted 10 United Kingdom Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 9 United Republic of Tanzania Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Not restricted 6 United States of America Yes Nor Nor No No No Yes Not restricteds 67.8% Drivers, 52.5% Passengers Uruguay Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Prohibited until footrests can be reached 7 80.2% Drivers, 71.2% Passengers Uzbekistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Prohibited under 12 yrs 10 Vanuatu Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 8 90% Drivers, 90% Passengers Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Prohibited under 10 yrs 3 Viet Nam Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 8 81% Drivers, 60.4% Passengers West Bank and Gaza Strip Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 5 Zimbabwe Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not restricted 8 j Reference is made to regulations to specify the types, shape and construction of helmets k Children under 12 can be transported on a motorcycle provided that there is a special support installed in the rear seat l As prescribed by the responsible state administration m Restrictions for children to ride as passengers on motorcycles are only set for some types of roads (where there is heavy volume of vehicles, a high density of fast moving vehicles or a speed limit of more that 60 km/h). on these roads conditons for children to be allowed to ride as passengers are follows: child’s feet can reach the foot peg of the motorcycle, child’s arm can reach and grasp the waist of the driver and child is wearing a standard protective helmet n Speed limit for motorcycles transporting a child under 7 is limited to 40 km/h o Children under 14 allowed to be transported in the motorcycle sidecar and must be held in the arms under 7 p Reference is made to regulations to specify helmet types, in 2017 these regulations were in the process of being developed q Only children older than 12 years old are allowed to ride as passengers on motorcycles r About 40% of the states require helmets for both drivers and passengers on motorcycles s Less than 10% of the states prohibit that children ride as passengers on motorcycles 358 TABLE A7: SEAT-BELT LAWS, ENFORCEMENT AND WEARING RATES BY COUNTRY / AREA Country / Area National seat belt law Seat belt applies to Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rates (%) Drivers Front seat passengers Rear-seat passengers Drivers only Front-seat occupants Rear-seat occupants All occupants Afghanistan No — — — — Albania Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 95 85 80 87 Angola Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 60 40 10 65 Antigua and Barbuda No — — — — Argentina Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 50.2 40.8 23.1 43.6 Armenia Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 70 70 Australia Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 97 96 Austria Yes Yes Yes Yes — 95 95 93 Azerbaijan Yes Noa Noa Noa 7 80 40 20 30 Bangladesh No — — — — Barbados Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Belarus Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 Belgium Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 91.5 92.2 85.5 91.7 Belize Yes Yes Yes No 5 Benin No — — — — Bhutan Yes Yes Yes Yes 2 Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Yes Yes No No 2 20.8 3.5 0.5 9.7 Bosnia and Herzegovina Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 48 51 11 Botswana Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Brazil Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 79.4 50.2 Bulgaria Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 80 Burkina Faso Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Burundi Yes Yes Yes Yesb 7 Cabo Verde Yes Yes Yes No 5 Cambodia Yes Yes Yes Noc 7 Cameroon Yes Yes Yes No 6 Canada Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 95.7 95.2 89.2 95.3 Central African Republic Yes Yes Yes Nod 0 Chad Yes Yes Yes No 4 Chile Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 76 59 14 49.6 China Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 36.7 Colombia Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 75 64.2 2.2 47.1 Comoros No — — — — Congo Yes Yes Yes No 2 22 4 4 359 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 TABLE A7: SEAT-BELT LAWS, ENFORCEMENT AND WEARING RATES BY COUNTRY / AREA Country / Area National seat belt law Seat belt applies to Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rates (%) Drivers Front seat passengers Rear-seat passengers Drivers only Front-seat occupants Rear-seat occupants All occupants Afghanistan No — — — — Albania Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 95 85 80 87 Angola Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 60 40 10 65 Antigua and Barbuda No — — — — Argentina Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 50.2 40.8 23.1 43.6 Armenia Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 70 70 Australia Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 97 96 Austria Yes Yes Yes Yes — 95 95 93 Azerbaijan Yes Noa Noa Noa 7 80 40 20 30 Bangladesh No — — — — Barbados Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Belarus Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 Belgium Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 91.5 92.2 85.5 91.7 Belize Yes Yes Yes No 5 Benin No — — — — Bhutan Yes Yes Yes Yes 2 Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Yes Yes No No 2 20.8 3.5 0.5 9.7 Bosnia and Herzegovina Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 48 51 11 Botswana Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Brazil Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 79.4 50.2 Bulgaria Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 80 Burkina Faso Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Burundi Yes Yes Yes Yesb 7 Cabo Verde Yes Yes Yes No 5 Cambodia Yes Yes Yes Noc 7 Cameroon Yes Yes Yes No 6 Canada Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 95.7 95.2 89.2 95.3 Central African Republic Yes Yes Yes Nod 0 Chad Yes Yes Yes No 4 Chile Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 76 59 14 49.6 China Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 36.7 Colombia Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 75 64.2 2.2 47.1 Comoros No — — — — Congo Yes Yes Yes No 2 22 4 4 360 Country / Area National seat belt law Seat belt applies to Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rates (%) Drivers Front seat passengers Rear-seat passengers Drivers only Front-seat occupants Rear-seat occupants All occupants Cook Islands No — — — — Costa Rica Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 77.8 75.1 35.6 76.7 Côte d’Ivoire Yes Yes Yes No 4 Croatia Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 61.1 61.9 13.9 58 Cuba Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 35 30 Cyprus Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Czechia Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 95 98 72 Democratic Republic of the Congo Yes Yes Yes No 5 Denmark Yes Yes Yes Yes — 88/89/96* 96 91 Dominica Yes Yes Yes Yes 1 Dominican Republic Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 45 18 5 34 Ecuador Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 80 26 2 36 Egypt Yes Yes Yes No 7 El Salvador Yes Yes Yes No 7 Equatorial Guinea Yes Yes Yes No 2 Eritrea Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 80 80 Estonia Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 97.8 97.3 81.8 95 Eswatini Yes Yes Yes No 9 Ethiopia Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 < 1 Fiji Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 90 75 5 72 Finland Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 96 95 85 94 France Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 98 88 Gabon Yes Yes Yes No 7 Gambia Yes Yes Yes No 6 Georgia Yes Yes Yes No 8 70 60 Germany Yes Yes Yes Yes 98 98 99 98 Ghana Yes Yes Yes Yes 3 55.6 18.4 3.5 35 Greece Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 77 74 23 72 Grenada Yes Yes Yes No 8 Guatemala Yes Yes Yes No 4 Guinea Yes Yes Yes No 3 Guinea-Bissau Yes Yes Yes No 1 Guyana Yes Yes Yes No 8 95 95 42 Honduras Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 361 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area National seat belt law Seat belt applies to Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rates (%) Drivers Front seat passengers Rear-seat passengers Drivers only Front-seat occupants Rear-seat occupants All occupants Cook Islands No — — — — Costa Rica Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 77.8 75.1 35.6 76.7 Côte d’Ivoire Yes Yes Yes No 4 Croatia Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 61.1 61.9 13.9 58 Cuba Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 35 30 Cyprus Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Czechia Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 95 98 72 Democratic Republic of the Congo Yes Yes Yes No 5 Denmark Yes Yes Yes Yes — 88/89/96* 96 91 Dominica Yes Yes Yes Yes 1 Dominican Republic Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 45 18 5 34 Ecuador Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 80 26 2 36 Egypt Yes Yes Yes No 7 El Salvador Yes Yes Yes No 7 Equatorial Guinea Yes Yes Yes No 2 Eritrea Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 80 80 Estonia Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 97.8 97.3 81.8 95 Eswatini Yes Yes Yes No 9 Ethiopia Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 < 1 Fiji Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 90 75 5 72 Finland Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 96 95 85 94 France Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 98 88 Gabon Yes Yes Yes No 7 Gambia Yes Yes Yes No 6 Georgia Yes Yes Yes No 8 70 60 Germany Yes Yes Yes Yes 98 98 99 98 Ghana Yes Yes Yes Yes 3 55.6 18.4 3.5 35 Greece Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 77 74 23 72 Grenada Yes Yes Yes No 8 Guatemala Yes Yes Yes No 4 Guinea Yes Yes Yes No 3 Guinea-Bissau Yes Yes Yes No 1 Guyana Yes Yes Yes No 8 95 95 42 Honduras Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 362 Country / Area National seat belt law Seat belt applies to Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rates (%) Drivers Front seat passengers Rear-seat passengers Drivers only Front-seat occupants Rear-seat occupants All occupants Hungary Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 81.7 82.8 38.5 81 Iceland Yes Yes Yes Yes 9 90 93 86 90 India Yes Yes Yes Yes 3 14 - 40 3.5 - 11 Indonesia Yes Yes Yes No 8 69 Iran (Islamic Republic of) Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 95 93 15 68.5 Iraq Yes Yes No No 5 Ireland Yes Yes Yes Yes 10 92 94 74 91 Israel Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 91.2 88.7 69.7 87.9 Italy Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 61.9 15.4 Jamaica Yes Yes Yes Yes 3 51 54 4 Japan Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 99.5/98.5e 98/94.9e 71.8/36e 94.9/89.5e Jordan Yes Yes Yes No 6 Kazakhstan Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Kenya Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 Kiribati Yes Yes Yes Yes 0 Kuwait Yes Yes Yes No 5 Kyrgyzstan Yes Noa Noa Noa 7 Lao People’s Democratic Republic Yes Yes Yes No 2 Latvia Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 81 84.7 53.0 Lebanon Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 Lesotho Yes Yes Yes No 7 Liberia No — — — — Libya Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Lithuania Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 97 30 94 Luxembourg Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 93 90 76 92 Madagascar Yes Yes Yes No 5 Malawi Yes Yes Yes No 3 25.8 21 Malaysia Yes Yes Yes No 4 82.9 73.8 9.6 48.4 Maldives Yes Nof Nof Nof 5 Mali Yesg Nog Nog Nog 4 20 Malta Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Mauritania Yes Yes Yes Noh 3 Mauritius Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 93.8 97.4 0.2 Mexico No No No No 6 81.4 49 5.6 58.9 363 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area National seat belt law Seat belt applies to Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rates (%) Drivers Front seat passengers Rear-seat passengers Drivers only Front-seat occupants Rear-seat occupants All occupants Hungary Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 81.7 82.8 38.5 81 Iceland Yes Yes Yes Yes 9 90 93 86 90 India Yes Yes Yes Yes 3 14 - 40 3.5 - 11 Indonesia Yes Yes Yes No 8 69 Iran (Islamic Republic of) Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 95 93 15 68.5 Iraq Yes Yes No No 5 Ireland Yes Yes Yes Yes 10 92 94 74 91 Israel Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 91.2 88.7 69.7 87.9 Italy Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 61.9 15.4 Jamaica Yes Yes Yes Yes 3 51 54 4 Japan Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 99.5/98.5e 98/94.9e 71.8/36e 94.9/89.5e Jordan Yes Yes Yes No 6 Kazakhstan Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Kenya Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 Kiribati Yes Yes Yes Yes 0 Kuwait Yes Yes Yes No 5 Kyrgyzstan Yes Noa Noa Noa 7 Lao People’s Democratic Republic Yes Yes Yes No 2 Latvia Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 81 84.7 53.0 Lebanon Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 Lesotho Yes Yes Yes No 7 Liberia No — — — — Libya Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Lithuania Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 97 30 94 Luxembourg Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 93 90 76 92 Madagascar Yes Yes Yes No 5 Malawi Yes Yes Yes No 3 25.8 21 Malaysia Yes Yes Yes No 4 82.9 73.8 9.6 48.4 Maldives Yes Nof Nof Nof 5 Mali Yesg Nog Nog Nog 4 20 Malta Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Mauritania Yes Yes Yes Noh 3 Mauritius Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 93.8 97.4 0.2 Mexico No No No No 6 81.4 49 5.6 58.9 364 Country / Area National seat belt law Seat belt applies to Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rates (%) Drivers Front seat passengers Rear-seat passengers Drivers only Front-seat occupants Rear-seat occupants All occupants Micronesia (Federated States of) No — — — — Mongolia Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 Montenegro Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 60 40 5 35 Morocco Yes Yes Yes Noi 8 66.7 63.2 22.3 64 Mozambique Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Myanmar Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 7.4 Namibia Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Nepal Yes Yes Yes No 5 Netherlands Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 96.9 96.6 82 95.8 New Zealand Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 97 97 92 Niger No — — — — Nigeria Yes Yes Yes Yes 9 Norway Yes Yes Yes Yes 10 95.9 - 97.7j 95.2 - 95.7j 94.7 - 96j Oman Yes Yes Yes Yes 10 98 Pakistan Yes Yes No No 6 Panama Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Papua New Guinea Yes Yes Yes Yes — Paraguay Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Peru Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 58.2 15.8 0.4 32.3 Philippines Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 79.7 Poland Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 95 96 76 94 Portugal Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 96.4 95.7 77.2 94.9 Qatar Yes Yes Yes No 7 Republic of Korea Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 94 83 30 84 Republic of Moldova Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 65.5 61.8 17.5 Romania Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Russian Federation Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 76 - 86 66 - 83 20 - 50 Rwanda Yes Yes Yes No 8 Saint Lucia Yes Yes Yes No 7 Samoa Yes Yes Yes No 10 100 100 100 100 San Marino Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 Sao Tome and Principe Yes Yes Yes No 2 Saudi Arabia Yes Yes Yes Yes 3 Senegal Yes Yes Yes No 6 365 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area National seat belt law Seat belt applies to Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rates (%) Drivers Front seat passengers Rear-seat passengers Drivers only Front-seat occupants Rear-seat occupants All occupants Micronesia (Federated States of) No — — — — Mongolia Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 Montenegro Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 60 40 5 35 Morocco Yes Yes Yes Noi 8 66.7 63.2 22.3 64 Mozambique Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Myanmar Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 7.4 Namibia Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Nepal Yes Yes Yes No 5 Netherlands Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 96.9 96.6 82 95.8 New Zealand Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 97 97 92 Niger No — — — — Nigeria Yes Yes Yes Yes 9 Norway Yes Yes Yes Yes 10 95.9 - 97.7j 95.2 - 95.7j 94.7 - 96j Oman Yes Yes Yes Yes 10 98 Pakistan Yes Yes No No 6 Panama Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Papua New Guinea Yes Yes Yes Yes — Paraguay Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Peru Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 58.2 15.8 0.4 32.3 Philippines Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 79.7 Poland Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 95 96 76 94 Portugal Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 96.4 95.7 77.2 94.9 Qatar Yes Yes Yes No 7 Republic of Korea Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 94 83 30 84 Republic of Moldova Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 65.5 61.8 17.5 Romania Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Russian Federation Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 76 - 86 66 - 83 20 - 50 Rwanda Yes Yes Yes No 8 Saint Lucia Yes Yes Yes No 7 Samoa Yes Yes Yes No 10 100 100 100 100 San Marino Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 Sao Tome and Principe Yes Yes Yes No 2 Saudi Arabia Yes Yes Yes Yes 3 Senegal Yes Yes Yes No 6 366 Country / Area National seat belt law Seat belt applies to Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rates (%) Drivers Front seat passengers Rear-seat passengers Drivers only Front-seat occupants Rear-seat occupants All occupants Serbia Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 77.0 75.1 10.1 66.2 Seychelles Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Singapore Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 Slovakia Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 Slovenia Yes Yes Yes Yes 9 90.4 91.8 68.6 82.2 Solomon Islands No — — — — Somalia No — — — — South Africa Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 33 31 South Sudan No — — — — Spain Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 90.3 90.5 80.6 88.3 Sri Lanka Yes Yes Yes No 8 75 75 75 Sudan Yes Yes Yes No 5 Suriname Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 75 75 8 Sweden Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 98 96 90 97 Switzerland Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 94 94 86 Syrian Arab Republic Yes Yes Yes No 7 90 90 Tajikistan Yes Yes Yes No 3 Thailand Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 58 40 The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 21 19.8 3.1 14.6 Timor-Leste Yes Yes Yes Yes 2 Togo Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Tonga No — — — — Trinidad and Tobago Yes Yes Yes No 8 Tunisia Yes Yes Yes Yes 3 Turkey Yes Yes Yes Yes 9 50.1 40.6 Turkmenistan Yes Yes Yes Yes 10 Uganda Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 Ukraine Yes Yes Yes Yes 3 United Arab Emirates Yes Yes Yes Yes 10 United Kingdom Yes Yes Yes Yes 10 95.3 - 98k 94.6 - 98k 90.3 - 94k 97.5 - 98k United Republic of Tanzania Yes Yes Yes No 8 United States of America Yes Yes Yes Nol — 90.5 90.1 74.8 90.1 Uruguay Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 69.1 62.8 33 62.8 367 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area National seat belt law Seat belt applies to Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rates (%) Drivers Front seat passengers Rear-seat passengers Drivers only Front-seat occupants Rear-seat occupants All occupants Serbia Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 77.0 75.1 10.1 66.2 Seychelles Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Singapore Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 Slovakia Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 Slovenia Yes Yes Yes Yes 9 90.4 91.8 68.6 82.2 Solomon Islands No — — — — Somalia No — — — — South Africa Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 33 31 South Sudan No — — — — Spain Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 90.3 90.5 80.6 88.3 Sri Lanka Yes Yes Yes No 8 75 75 75 Sudan Yes Yes Yes No 5 Suriname Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 75 75 8 Sweden Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 98 96 90 97 Switzerland Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 94 94 86 Syrian Arab Republic Yes Yes Yes No 7 90 90 Tajikistan Yes Yes Yes No 3 Thailand Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 58 40 The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 21 19.8 3.1 14.6 Timor-Leste Yes Yes Yes Yes 2 Togo Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Tonga No — — — — Trinidad and Tobago Yes Yes Yes No 8 Tunisia Yes Yes Yes Yes 3 Turkey Yes Yes Yes Yes 9 50.1 40.6 Turkmenistan Yes Yes Yes Yes 10 Uganda Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 Ukraine Yes Yes Yes Yes 3 United Arab Emirates Yes Yes Yes Yes 10 United Kingdom Yes Yes Yes Yes 10 95.3 - 98k 94.6 - 98k 90.3 - 94k 97.5 - 98k United Republic of Tanzania Yes Yes Yes No 8 United States of America Yes Yes Yes Nol — 90.5 90.1 74.8 90.1 Uruguay Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 69.1 62.8 33 62.8 368 Country / Area National seat belt law Seat belt applies to Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rates (%) Drivers Front seat passengers Rear-seat passengers Drivers only Front-seat occupants Rear-seat occupants All occupants Uzbekistan Yes Yes No No 5 Vanuatu Yes Yes Yes No 2 41 20 10 20 Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Viet Nam Yes Yes Yes No 6 West Bank and Gaza Strip Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Zimbabwe Yes Yes Yes No 7 a The obligation to use seat belt does not apply in residential areas nor for children under 12 b Legislation requires drivers and passengers «and particularly those sitting in the front» to use a seat belt c Obligation to use seat belts for all passengers only applies outside cities and densely populated areas. Inside cities and densely populated areas, only the driver and front seat passenger sare required to wear a seat belt d Rear seat passengers as children under 12 are not subject to the obligation to use a seat belt e Percentage are for expressways and other roads, respectively f Only required on roads where vehicles may be driven at a speed higher than the normal limit g Seat belts are only required outside cities h The use of seat belt for rear seat passengers is only required outside urban areas i For rear seat passengers, seat-belt required only outside cities j Percentages reflect «urban» and «outside urban» areas, respectively k Percentage are for «England and Scotland» and «NI», respectively l About 40% of the states do not require seat belt for rear seats passengers * 96% for cars; 89% for vans; 88% for taxi 369 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area National seat belt law Seat belt applies to Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rates (%) Drivers Front seat passengers Rear-seat passengers Drivers only Front-seat occupants Rear-seat occupants All occupants Uzbekistan Yes Yes No No 5 Vanuatu Yes Yes Yes No 2 41 20 10 20 Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Viet Nam Yes Yes Yes No 6 West Bank and Gaza Strip Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Zimbabwe Yes Yes Yes No 7 370 TABLE A8: CHILD RESTRAINTS LAWS, ENFORCEMENT AND PERCENTAGE/ RATES OF CHILD RESTRAINT USE BY COUNTRY / AREA Country / Area Child restraint systems law Children seated in front seat Enforcement Percentage of children using child restraints National child restraint law Child restraints required Standard referred to and / or specified Afghanistan No — — Not restricted — – Albania Yes Up to 4 yrs Yes Allowed in a child restrainta 6 – Angola Yes Up to 12 yrs / 36 kg / 150 cm Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs /150 cm 5 – Antigua and Barbuda No — — Not restricted — – Argentina Yes Up to 4 yrsb No Prohibited under 10 yrs — 26.4 Armenia No — — Allowed in a child restraintc — – Australia Yes Up to 7 yrs Yes Prohibited under 7 yrsd 7 – Austria Yes Up to 14 yrs / 150 cm Yes Allowed in a child restraint — 97 (Rear seats) Azerbaijan Noe — — Allowed in a child restrainte — – Bangladesh No — — Not restricted — – Barbados Yes Up to 4 yrs Yes Prohibited under 4 yrs 4 – Belarus Yes Up to 5 yrsf Yes Allowed in a child restraintg 8 – Belgium Yes Up to 18 yrs / 135 cm Yes h Allowed in a child restrainti 5 89 Belize No — — Not restricted — – Benin No — — Not restricted — — Bhutan No — — Not restricted — – Bolivia (Plurinational State of) No — — Not restricted — — Bosnia and Herzegovina Yes Up to 12 yrsj No Prohibited under 12 yrsk 8l 40 Botswana Yes Up to 5 yrs No Prohibited under 5 yrs 5 – Brazil Yes Up to 7.5 yrs Yes Prohibited under 10 yrs 7 57 Bulgaria Yes Up to 150 cm Yes Allowed in a child restrainti 6 – Burkina Faso Yes Up to 8 yrs No Prohibited under 7 yrs 0 – Burundi No — — Prohibited under 13 yrs — — Cabo Verde Nom — — Allowed in a child restraintn — – Cambodia Yeso Up to 4 yrs No Prohibited under 10 yrsp 0 – Cameroon No — — Not restricted — — Canada Yes —q Yes Allowed in a child restraint 8 91 Central African Republic No — — Not restrictedr — – Chad No — — Not restricted — — 371 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Child restraint systems law Children seated in front seat Enforcement Percentage of children using child restraints National child restraint law Child restraints required Standard referred to and / or specified Chile Yes Up to 8 yrs / 33 kg / 135 cm Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 4 73 China No — — Not restricted — – Colombia Nos — — Prohibited under 10 yrs — 7.1 Comoros No — — Not restricted — — Congo No — — Not restricted — – Cook Islands No — — Not restricted — — Costa Rica Yes Up to 12 yrs / 145 cm No Prohibited under 12 yrs / 145 cm 5 – Côte d’Ivoire No — — Not restricted — — Croatia Yes Up to 135 - 150 cmt No Prohibited under 150 cm 5 — Cuba Nou — — Prohibited under 12 yrs — – Cyprus Yes Up to 135 - 150 cmt Yes Allowed in a child restraint i 6 – Czechia Yes Up to 36 kg / 150 cm Yes Allowed in a child restraint i 8 – Democratic Republic of the Congo No — — Prohibited under 12 yrs — — Denmark Yes Up to 135 cm Yes Allowed in a child restraintv — 97 Dominica No — — Not restricted — — Dominican Republic Yes Up to 6 yrsw Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 4 – Ecuador Yesx —x No Prohibited under 12 yrs 5 15 Egypt No — — Prohibited under 7 yrs — — El Salvador Yes Up to 2 yrs / 15 kg No Not restricted y — — Equatorial Guinea No — — Not restricted — – Eritrea Noz — — Prohibited under 9 yrsaa — – Estonia Yesab — No Not restricted 8 98 Eswatini No — — Not restricted — — Ethiopia Noac — — Prohibited under 13 yrs — – Fiji Yesad Up to 8 yrs No Allowed in a child restraint 3 – Finland Yes Up to 135 cm Yes Allowed in a child restrainti 8 97 France Yes Up to 10 yrs Yes Prohibited under 10 yrsae 9 – 372 Country / Area Child restraint systems law Children seated in front seat Enforcement Percentage of children using child restraints National child restraint law Child restraints required Standard referred to and / or specified Gabon No — — Not restricted — — Gambia Yes Up to 5 yrs No Allowed in a child restraint — — Georgia No — — Prohibited under 12 yrs — – Germany Yes Up to 12 yrs / 150 cm Yes Allowed in a child restraint — 97 - 99 Ghana No — — Prohibited under 5 yrsaf — – Greece Yes Up to 135 - 150 cmag Yes Allowed in a child restraint 2 67 Grenada No — — Not restricted — — Guatemala No — — Not restricted — — Guinea Yes Up to 18 mthsah No Prohibited under 10 yrs — – Guinea-Bissau Yes Up to 12 yrs /135 cm No Prohibited under 12 yrs / 135 cm 0 – Guyana Yesai — No Not restricted 0 – Honduras Noaj — — Prohibited under 12 yrs — — Hungary Yes Up to 135 - 150 cmak Yes Allowed in a child restraint 7 67 Iceland Yes Up to 135 cm Yes Allowed in a child restraintal 9 93 India No — — Not restricted — — Indonesia No — — Not restricted — – Iran (Islamic Republic of) No — — Prohibited under 12 yrs — – Iraq No — — Prohibitedam — — Ireland Yes Up to 36 kg / 150 cm Yes Allowed in a child restraint i 10 – Israel Yes Up to 8 yrsan Yes Allowed in a child restraint 6 52 Italy Yes Up to 150 cm Yes Allowed in a child restrainti 6 38 Jamaica Yesai — Yes Not restricted 2 – Japan Yes Up to 6 yrs Yes Allowed in a child restraint 7 64 Jordan No — — Prohibited under 10 yrs — – Kazakhstan Yes —ao Yesao Allowed in a child restraint 7 – Kenya No — — Not restricted — — Kiribati Noap — — Not restricted — — Kuwait No — — Prohibited under 10 yrs — — 373 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Child restraint systems law Children seated in front seat Enforcement Percentage of children using child restraints National child restraint law Child restraints required Standard referred to and / or specified Kyrgyzstan Noaq — — Allowed in a child restraintar — – Lao People’s Democratic Republic Yes as — No Not restricted 1 – Latvia Yes Up to 150 cm No Allowed in a child restraintat 7 – Lebanon Yes Up to 5 yrsau No Prohibited under 10 yrs 3 – Lesotho No — — Not restricted — — Liberia No — — Not restricted — — Libya No — — Not restricted — – Lithuania Yes Up to 135 cm Yes Allowed in a child restraintav 8 – Luxembourg Yes Up to 17 yrs / 150 cm Yes Allowed in a child restraint i 8 – Madagascar No — — Prohibited under 5 yrs — – Malawi No — — Not restricted — — Malaysia No — — Not restricted — — Maldives No — — Not restricted — – Mali Noaw — — Prohibited under 10 yrs — – Malta Yes Up to 3 yrsax Yes Allowed in a child restraint 3 – Mauritania No — — Prohibited under 10 yrs — — Mauritius No — — Prohibited under 10 yrs — — Mexico No — — Not restricted — 13.7 Micronesia (Federated States of) No — — Not restricted — — Mongolia No — — Not restricted — – Montenegro Yes Up to 5 yrs No Prohibited under 12 yrsay 4 – Morocco No — — Prohibited under 10 yrs — – Mozambique Yes Up to 12 yrs No Prohibited under 12 yrsaz 4 – Myanmar No — — Not restricted — – Namibia Noba — — Not restricted — – Nepal No — — Not restricted — – Netherlands Yes Up to 18 yrs / 135 cm Yes Allowed in a child restraint i 6 – New Zealand Yes Up to 7 yrs No Allowed in a child restraint 8 93 and 95bb Niger No — — Not restricted — – 374 Country / Area Child restraint systems law Children seated in front seat Enforcement Percentage of children using child restraints National child restraint law Child restraints required Standard referred to and / or specified Nigeria Yes Up to 7 yrs No Prohibited under 7 yrs 3 – Norway Yes Up to 135 - 150 cmbc Yes Allowed in a child restraint i 10 – Oman Yes Up to 4 yrs No Prohibited under 10 yrs 7 – Pakistan No — — Not restricted — – Panama Nobd — — Prohibited under 5 yrs — – Papua New Guinea No — — Not restrictedbe — — Paraguay Yes Up to 5 yrs No Prohibited under 10 yrs 2 – Peru Yes Up to 3 yrsbf Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs 1 <1 Philippines No — — Prohibited under 6 yrsbg — — Poland Yes Up to 135 - 150 cmbc Yes Allowed in a child restraint i 7 93 Portugal Yes Up to 12 yrs / 135 cm Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs /135 cmbh 8 91 - 100 Qatar No — — Prohibited under 10 yrs — 72 Republic of Korea Nobi — — Allowed in a child restraintbj — 40 - 42 Republic of Moldova Yesbk — No Prohibited under 12 yrs 8 50 Romania Yes Up to 135 cm Yes Allowed in a child restraintbl 7 – Russian Federation Yesbm Up to 7 yrsbn Yes Allowed in a child restraintbo 7 49 - 52 Rwanda No — — Not restricted — — Saint Lucia No — — Not restricted — — Samoa Nobp — — Not restrictedbq — – San Marino Yes Up to 150 cm Yes Allowed in a child restraint 8 – Sao Tome and Principe Nobr — — Prohibited under 12 yrs / 150 cmbs — – Saudi Arabia Yes —bt No Prohibited under 10 yrs 1 – Senegal No — — Not restricted — – Serbia Yes Up to 3 yrs Yes Prohibited under 12 yrsbu 3 28 Seychelles Yesbv —bw No Not restricted 5 – Singapore Yes Up to 135 cm Yes Allowed in a child restraint 8 – Slovakia Yes Up to 150 cm Yes Allowed in a child restrainti 8 – Slovenia Yes Up to 150 cm No Allowed in a child restrainti 9 – 375 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Child restraint systems law Children seated in front seat Enforcement Percentage of children using child restraints National child restraint law Child restraints required Standard referred to and / or specified Solomon Islands No — — Not restricted — — Somalia No — — Not restricted — – South Africa Yes Up to 3 yrs Yes Not restrictedbx 5 – South Sudan No — — Not restricted — — Spain Yes Up to 135 cm Yes Prohibited under 135 cmby 8 88 Sri Lanka No — — Not restricted — – Sudan No — — Prohibited under 10 yrs — – Suriname Yesbz —bz No Allowed in a child restraint 4 – Sweden Yes Up to 135 cm Yes Allowed in a child restrainti 6 96 Switzerland Yes Up to 12 yrs / 150 cmca Yes Allowed in a child restraint 7 93 Syrian Arab Republic No — — Prohibited under 12 yrs — – Tajikistan Nocb — — Allowed in a child restraintcc — – Thailand No — — Not restricted — – The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Yes Up to 5 yrs No Prohibited under 12 yrs cd 7 – Timor-Leste No — — Prohibited under 12 yrsce — – Togo No — — Not restricted — — Tonga No — — Not restricted — — Trinidad and Tobago Yes Up to 5 yrs Yes Prohibited under 5 yrs 3 – Tunisia No — — Prohibited under 10 yrs — – Turkey Yes Up to 36 kg / 135 - 150 cmcf Yes Allowed in a child restraint i 9 – Turkmenistan Nocg — — Allowed in a child restraintch — – Uganda No — — Not restricted — — Ukraine Yesci — No Allowed in a child restraintcj 2 – United Arab Emirates Yes Up to 4 yrs ck Yes Prohibited under 10 yrs / 145 cm 7 – United Kingdom Yes Up to 12 yrs / 135 cm Yes Allowed in a child restraint 10 95 (NI) United Republic of Tanzania No — — Not restricted — — United States of America Yes —cl Yes Allowed in a child restraint — 89 376 Country / Area Child restraint systems law Children seated in front seat Enforcement Percentage of children using child restraints National child restraint law Child restraints required Standard referred to and / or specified Uruguay Yes Up to 12 yrs / 36 kg / 150 cm Yes Prohibited under 12 yrs / 150 cm 4 23 Uzbekistan No — — Allowed in a child restraint — — Vanuatu Nocm — — Allowed in a child restraintcn — – Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Yes co — No Prohibited under 10 yrs 3 – Viet Nam No — — Not restricted — — West Bank and Gaza Strip Yes Up to 14 yrs Yes cp Allowed in a child restraint 3 – Zimbabwe No — — Prohibited under 10 yrs — – a Children under 12 years can travel in the front if placed in an appropriate restraining device (with airbag deactivated for rear-facing restraint) b A 2018 amendment (not covered in the review period ending at December 2017) raised the age for mandatory child restraint use to 10 years old c Transport of children under 12 years in the front seat shall be made in a «child protecting device» d In no circumstances are children under 4 years allowed to sit in the front. Children from 4 to 7 years can sit in the front only if there is no room for them in the back due to the back seats being occupied by other children under 7 years e Child restraint systems are only required for children under 12 years seated in the front f For children aged 5-12 years, either CRS or «other means» (than CRS) can be used to secure the child using the seat belt g If rear-facing child restraints, airbag shall be deactivated h All child restraints sold in Belgium must comply with UNECE regulation i Provided that airbag is deactivated if child is in a rear-facing child restraint system j Children aged 5-12 years can be either restrained in a booster seat or in a child restraint k By exception, a child under 2 years can be seated in the front if there is no airbag installed or if the airbag is deactivated when the child is seated in a rear-facing seat l Data only for Republic of Srpska m The legislation refers to the use of either child restraint systems or seat-belts for children n Children under 12 yrs / 150 cm shall normally sit in the rear except if placed in a suitable restraint o Enters into force in January 2020 p Ban on children under 10 years travelling in front seats enters into force in January 2020 q Child restraint laws are enacted at subnational level. While all provinces require the use of child restraints, they provide different age / height criteria to specify the period for mandatory use of child restraint / booster seats r Legislation only recommends («as far as possible») to place children under 12 years in the rear s A child under 2 years travelling with a driver only shall be placed in a child restraint. If there is an adult passenger, the child can be held by the adult instead of being placed in a child restraint. t A child of height 135-150 cm can be restrained with an adult seat belt only provided that this child sits in the rear of the car u Children under 2 years shall be either accompanied by adults or restrained with special accessories 377 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 v Provided that airbag is deactivated if a rear-facing restraint is used w Children aged 6-12 years shall be placed in a booster seat x The legislation refers to seat belt or child restraints for children under 12 years but does not yet specify a minimum age / height / weight under which only child restraint systems can be used y Except for children under 2 yrs old or 15 kg who are required to be transported in a child restraint z Legislation refers to the use of child restraint or seat belts for «children over 9» while children under 3 years are required to be placed in a restraint only while seated in the front aa Except for an infant under 3 years fitted in a proper restraint ab The legislation generally states that children not tall enough to wear a seat belt must be secured by a safety device corresponding to the height and weight of the child but does not specify age / height / weight group covered ac Legislation requires that children under 7 years be either accompanied by an adult or «hugged by an instrument made for safety purpose» ad The obligation to use a child restraint for children under 8 years sitting in the rear is subject to the availability of a restraint system in the car ae By exception, children under 10 years can sit in the front if placed in a rear-facing child restraint (if front airbag is deactivated) or if there are no available rear seats af Under the road traffic act, children aged 5 years and below shall not sit in the front, while under the road traffic regulations they can sit in the front if placed in a child restraint ag The use of seat belt is allowed for children of height 135-150 cm sitting in the rear ah The legislation refers to homologated seats for children under 18 months and to cribs and hammocks for children under 10 years ai The legislation refers to child restraint system for children but does not specify the age / height group covered by this obligation aj Legislation refers to the protection of children under 5 years but does not specify which form this protection takes ak Children of height 135 - 150 cm can be restrained with seat belts only if they sit in the back al Seating of children under 150 cm allowed in the front only if front airbag deactivated am The law prohibits children to sit in the front but does not specify the age, size or weight of children concerned an For children under 3 years, a child restraint is required (an a rear facing child restraint for children under one year) while for children aged 3-8 years the legislation refers either to child restraint or booster seat use ao The legislation requires that children under 12 years be placed in a child restraint or «other means» used in conjunction with a seat belt ap The traffic act 2017 requires children aged 1-16 years to be either seated in the back with a seat belt or restrained by passenger over 16 yrs aq Legislation only refers to the use of child restraints for children under 12 years travelling in the front ar Children under 12 years travelling in the front of a car must be placed in a child restraint as The law states that children unable to wear normal seat belts must be placed in a child restraint seat but no specific age / weight / height is specified at Except if no seat belt is fitted in the vehicle, in which case children under 150 cm shall be travelling in the rear au Legislation refers to regulations to further specify the child restraint rules av If transported in rear facing restraints, airbag must be deactivated aw Children under 13 years can be restrained either by a child restraint systems or a seat belt ax Legislation refers to child restraint use for children up to 12 yrs /150 cm but allows children aged 3 year and over, in the absence of an available restraint, to travel in the rear without a restraint. For children under 3 years, a child restraint shall be mandatorily used ay By exception, a child under 3 years can be transported in the front of the vehicle if placed in a rear-facing restraint provided that airbag is deactivated az Except for infants under 3 years in a rear-facing child restraint air airbag deactivated ba The law requires the use of child restraints for children (defined as people between the age of 3 and 14) if available or the use of a seat belt if a child restraint is not available if an unoccupied seat fitted with a seat belt is available bb 93% 0-4 years, 95% 5-9 years bc Child restraints are required for children under 150 cm. By exception, children of height 135-150 cm can be restrained with a seat belt only if sitting in the rear bd Children under 2 years shall be placed in a child restraint only where there is no other passenger seated in the rear be Children can sit in the front as long as they are using a seat belt bf Legislation requires the use of the seat belt for children from 3-12 years old bg Ban on front seating set for children aged 6 years and below bh Except for children under 3 years in a rear-facing child restraint with airbag deactivated bi Only required for small children (defined as children under 6) sitting in the front bj Safety seats required for small children (defined as children under 6) sitting in the front bk The legislation refers to the use of child restraint systems or other means to transport children under 12 years bl If in accordance with the manufacturer’s instruction and for rear-facing restraint if airbag is deactivated bm Since 2017, child restraint systems are the only form of restraint allowed for children under 7 years old (before the 2017 revision, children under 12 were to be restrained either in a child restraint or by «other means») bn For children aged 7-11 years old (included) sitting in the rear, child restraint or seat belt can be used bo Children up to 11 years old (included) while sitting in the front shall be placed in a child restraint, children aged 12 years and more can sit in the front without a child restraint bp Legislation refers to either child restraint or seat belt to restrain children under 12 years bq Except if child restraint or seat belt are available in the front seat br Legislation refers to either child restraint or seat belt use to transport children bs Except if the vehicle does not have rear seats provided and such transportation is made in a child restraint (with airbag deactivated if a rear-facing restraint is being used) bt Reference is made to special seats to be used for children with no details as to the specific age / height under which children should be mandatorily placed in them bu Except for children under 3 years if airbag is deactivated bv The legislation refers to the use of child restraint systems for infant or child passenger but does not refer to a specific age/ height up to which the use of child restraint is mandatory 378 bw Obligation not based on age / height or weight bx Obligation to place children in the rear only applies in vehicles not fitted with seat belts and having rear seats by Front seating for children under 135 cm is only allowed as an exception if there are no seats in the back or all other seats are occupied by children bz For children under 10 years, the legislation refers to the use of child restraint system (CRS) where available and appropriate, and specifies that in the absence of child restraint, seat belts are to be used ca Children under 12 years and less than 150 cm shall be placed in a child restraint cb Legislation refers to the use of child restraints or «other means» to secure children up to 12 years old but allows the transport of children under 12 years on the knees of an adult passenger seated in the back with the seat belt fastened cc Front seating of children under 12 years allowed if a child restraint is being used cd Except for children under 2 years in a rear-facing child restraint if airbag is deactivated ce Unless the vehicle does not have a back seat and such transportation is carried out by using an approved child restraint, appropriate to the child’s size and weight cf Child restraints are required for children under 150 cm, by exception, children of height 135-150 cm can be restrained with a seat belt only if they sit in the back cg Special seating equipment for children under 12 years is only mentioned only in relation with front seating ch Law does not specifically refer to child restraint system but to «special seating equipment» for children under 12 years ci The legislation refers to the use of «special means» to be used in conjunction with the seat belt to restraint children under 12 years and 145 cm cj No specific reference to child restraint but to «special means» for children under 145 cm and 12 years sitting in the front ck Child restraints are required for children aged 4 and below cl Child restraint laws are enacted at subnational level. While all states require the use of child restraints, they provide different age / weight / height criteria to specify the period for mandatory use of child restraints/ booster seats cm Legislation allows that infants (defined as children under 3 years) be held by a responsible person as an alternative to using special seats cn Infant (defined as children under 3 years) shall be placed in a restraining seat while travelling in the front co The law requires «infants» to use «special seats for that purpose» but does not specify the age for children falling into the «infants» category cp Law refers to a device of the type validated by the licensing authority to restraint children under 14 years 379 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 TABLE A9: MOBILE PHONE LAWS BY COUNTRY / AREA Country / Area National mobile phone law Mobile phone law Any data on use of mobile phone while driving Applies to hand- held phone use Applies to hands- free phone use Afghanistan No — — No Albania Yes Yes No Yes Angola Yes Yes No Yes Antigua and Barbuda No — — No Argentina Yes Yes Yes Yes Armenia Yes Yes No Yes Australia Yes Yes No Yes Austria Yes Yes No Yesa Azerbaijan Yes Yes No No Bangladesh No — — No Barbados Yes Yes No No Belarus Yes Yes No Yes Belgium Yes Yes No Yesa Belize No — — No Benin Yes Yes Yes No Bhutan Yes Yes No No Bolivia (Plurinational State of) No — — No Bosnia and Herzegovina Yes Yes No Yesa Botswana Yes Yes No Yes Brazil Yes Yes Yes Yesa Bulgaria Yes Yes No No Burkina Faso Yes Yes No No Burundi Yes Yes Yes No Cabo Verde Yes Yes No Yes Cambodia Yes Yes No No Cameroon Yes Yes Yes No Canada Yes Yes No Yesa Central African Republic Yes Yes Yes No Chad Yes Yes Yes No Chile Yes Yes No Yes China Yes Yes No Yes Colombia Yes Yes No No Comoros No — — No Congo Yes Yes Yes No 380 Country / Area National mobile phone law Mobile phone law Any data on use of mobile phone while driving Applies to hand- held phone use Applies to hands- free phone use Cook Islands No — — No Costa Rica Yes Yes No Yes Côte d’Ivoire Yes Yes Yes No Croatia Yes Yes No Yesa Cuba Yes Yes Yes Yes Cyprus Yes Yes No Yes Czechia Yes Yes No Yesa Democratic Republic of the Congo No — — No Denmark Yes Yes No No Dominica No — — — Dominican Republic Yes Yes No Yesa Ecuador Yes Yes No Yes Egypt Yes Yes No No El Salvador Yes Yes Yes Yes Equatorial Guinea Yes Yes Yes No Eritrea Yes Yes No Yes Estonia Yes Yes No Yes Eswatini Yes Yes No No Ethiopia Yes Yes Yes Yes Fiji Yes Yes Yes Yes Finland Yes Yes No Yesa France Yes Yes No Yes Gabon Yes Yes Yes No Gambia Yes Yes No No Georgia Yes Yes No Yes Germany Yes Yes No Yesa Ghana Yes Yes No No Greece Yes Yes No Yesa Grenada No — — No Guatemala Yes Yes No Yes Guinea Yes Yes No No Guinea-Bissau Yes Yes No Yes Guyana Yes Yes No Yes 381 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area National mobile phone law Mobile phone law Any data on use of mobile phone while driving Applies to hand- held phone use Applies to hands- free phone use Honduras Yes Yes Yes Yes Hungary Yes Yes No Yes Iceland Yes Yes No Yes India Yes Yes Yes Yes Indonesia Yes No No Yes Iran (Islamic Republic of) Yes Yes Yes No Iraq Yes Yes Yes No Ireland Yes Yes No Yes Israel Yes Yes No — Italy Yes Yes No Yesa Jamaica No — — Yes Japan Yes Yes No Yes Jordan Yes Yes No No Kazakhstan Yes Yes No Yes Kenya Yes Yes No No Kiribati Yes Yes No No Kuwait Yes Yes No No Kyrgyzstan Yes Yes No Yes Lao People’s Democratic Republic Yes Yes Yes No Latvia Yes Yes No No Lebanon Yes Yes Yes No Lesotho No — — No Liberia No — — No Libya Yes No No Yes Lithuania Yes Yes No Yes Luxembourg Yes Yes No No Madagascar Yes Yes No No Malawi Yes Yes No Yesa Malaysia Yes Yes No Yesa Maldives Yes Yes No No Mali Yes Yes No Yesa Malta Yes Yes No No Mauritania Yes Yes Yes Yes 382 Country / Area National mobile phone law Mobile phone law Any data on use of mobile phone while driving Applies to hand- held phone use Applies to hands- free phone use Mauritius Yes Yes Yes Yes Mexico No No No Yesa Micronesia (Federated States of) No — — No Mongolia Yes Yes No No Montenegro Yes Yes Yes Yes Morocco Yes Yes No Yesa Mozambique Yes Yes No No Myanmar No — — No Namibia Yes Yes No No Nepal No — — No Netherlands Yes Yes No Yes New Zealand Yes Yes No Yes Niger Yes Yes Yes No Nigeria Yes Yes Yes Yes Norway Yes Yes No No Oman Yes Yes No Yes Pakistan Yes Yes No No Panama Yes Yes Yes No Papua New Guinea No — — No Paraguay Yes Yes Yes No Peru Yes Yes No Yesa Philippines Yes Yes No Yes Poland Yes Yes No Yesa Portugal Yes Yes No No Qatar Yes Yes No Yes Republic of Korea Yes Yes No Yesa Republic of Moldova Yes Yes No No Romania Yes Yes No No Russian Federation Yes Yes No Yesa Rwanda No — — No Saint Lucia Yes No No No Samoa Yes Yes No Yes San Marino Yes Yes No No 383 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area National mobile phone law Mobile phone law Any data on use of mobile phone while driving Applies to hand- held phone use Applies to hands- free phone use Sao Tome and Principe Yes Yes No No Saudi Arabia Yes Yes No Yes Senegal Yes Yes Yes No Serbia Yes Yes No Yes Seychelles Yes Yes No Yes Singapore Yes Yes No No Slovakia Yes Yes No Yes Slovenia Yes Yes No No Solomon Islands No — — No Somalia No — — No South Africa Yes Yes No Yes South Sudan No — — No Spain Yes Yes No Yes Sri Lanka Yes Yes No No Sudan Yes Yes Yes No Suriname Yes Yes No Yes Sweden Yes No No No Switzerland Yes Yes No Yes Syrian Arab Republic Yes Yes Yes Yes Tajikistan Yes Yes No No Thailand Yes Yes No No The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Yes Yes No Yes Timor-Leste Yes Yes No No Togo Yes Yes Yes No Tonga No — — No Trinidad and Tobago Yes Yes No Yes Tunisia Yes Yes No No Turkey Yes Yes Yes Yes Turkmenistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Uganda Yes Yes No No Ukraine Yes Yes No No United Arab Emirates Yes Yes No Yes United Kingdom Yes Yes No Yes 384 Country / Area National mobile phone law Mobile phone law Any data on use of mobile phone while driving Applies to hand- held phone use Applies to hands- free phone use United Republic of Tanzania No — — No United States of America Yes Nob No Yes Uruguay Yes Yes No Yes Uzbekistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Vanuatu No — — No Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Yes Yes No No Viet Nam Yes Yes No No West Bank and Gaza Strip Yes Yes No No Zimbabwe Yes Yes No No a Only some specific studies b The majority of states prohibit texting while driving 385 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 TABLE A10: ROAD SAFETY MANAGEMENT, STRATEGIES AND TARGETS BY COUNTRY / AREA Country / Area Lead agency Functions of the lead agency Road safety strategies Road safety targets A le ad a ge nc y is p re se nt Th e le ad a ge nc y is fu nd ed Co or di na tio n Le gi sl at io n M on ito rin g & ev al ua tio n Th er e is a na tio na l r oa d sa fe ty s tr at eg y Th e st ra te gy is fu nd ed Fa ta l N on -f at al Afghanistan No — — — — No — — — Albania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Angola Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded — — Antigua and Barbuda Yes No Yes Yes Yes No — — — Argentina Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes No Armenia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — — Australia Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Not funded Yes Yes Austria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Azerbaijan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — — Bangladesh Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Barbados Yes No Yes Yes Yes No — — — Belarus Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Partially funded Yes No Belgium No — — — — Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Belize Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Benin Yes No Yes No Yes No — — — Bhutan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Bosnia and Herzegovina Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Botswana Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes No Brazil Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded No No Bulgaria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Burkina Faso Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Burundi Yes Yes Yes Yes No No — — — Cabo Verde Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Cambodia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Cameroon No — — — — Yes Partially funded No No Canada Yes Noa Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Central African Republic Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes — — — — Chad Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Partially funded Yes Yes 386 Country / Area Lead agency Functions of the lead agency Road safety strategies Road safety targets A le ad a ge nc y is p re se nt Th e le ad a ge nc y is fu nd ed Co or di na tio n Le gi sl at io n M on ito rin g & ev al ua tio n Th er e is a na tio na l r oa d sa fe ty s tr at eg y Th e st ra te gy is fu nd ed Fa ta l N on -f at al Chile Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded No No China Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Colombia Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Comoros Yes No Yes Yes Yes No — — — Congo Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Cook Islands Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Costa Rica Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes No Côte d’Ivoire Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes Yes Croatia No — — — — Yes Fully funded Yes No Cuba Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes No Cyprus Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Czechia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Democratic Republic of the Congo Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded No — Denmark No — — — — Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Dominica Yes No Yes Yes Yes No — — — Dominican Republic Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Ecuador Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Egypt Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Partially funded Yes No El Salvador Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Equatorial Guinea Yes Yes Yes Yes No No — — — Eritrea Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Estonia Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Eswatini Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — — Ethiopia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Fiji Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Finland Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Partially funded Yes No France Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes No Gabon Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not funded — — Gambia Yes Yes Yes No No No — — — 387 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Lead agency Functions of the lead agency Road safety strategies Road safety targets A le ad a ge nc y is p re se nt Th e le ad a ge nc y is fu nd ed Co or di na tio n Le gi sl at io n M on ito rin g & ev al ua tio n Th er e is a na tio na l r oa d sa fe ty s tr at eg y Th e st ra te gy is fu nd ed Fa ta l N on -f at al Georgia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded No No Germany Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Partially funded Yes No Ghana Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Greece Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Grenada Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — — Guatemala Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Guinea Yes — Yes — — No — — — Guinea-Bissau No — — — — No — — — Guyana Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Honduras Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded No No Hungary No — — — — Yes Partially funded Yes No Iceland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded — — India Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Indonesia Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Partially funded Yes No Iran (Islamic Republic of) Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Iraq Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Not funded No No Ireland Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Fully funded Yes Yes Israel Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded No No Italy Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Jamaica Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Partially funded Yes No Japan Yes Yes No No No Yes Fully funded Yes Yes Jordan No — — — — No — — — Kazakhstan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Kenya Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — — Kiribati No — — — — Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Kuwait Yes Yes Yes No No No — — — Kyrgyzstan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes — Lao People’s Democratic Republic Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Latvia No — — — — Yes Not funded Yes Yes 388 Country / Area Lead agency Functions of the lead agency Road safety strategies Road safety targets A le ad a ge nc y is p re se nt Th e le ad a ge nc y is fu nd ed Co or di na tio n Le gi sl at io n M on ito rin g & ev al ua tio n Th er e is a na tio na l r oa d sa fe ty s tr at eg y Th e st ra te gy is fu nd ed Fa ta l N on -f at al Lebanon Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — — Lesotho Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — — Liberia No — — — — No — — — Libya Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Not funded Yes Yes Lithuania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Luxembourg Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Madagascar Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Malawi Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Malaysia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Maldives Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not funded No No Mali Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Malta Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes Yes Mauritania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Mauritius Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes Yes Mexico Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Micronesia (Federated States of) No — — — — No — — — Mongolia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Montenegro Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Morocco Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes No Mozambique Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded No No Myanmar Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Not funded Yes No Namibia Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Nepal Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded — — Netherlands Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes New Zealand Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes No Niger Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded No Yes Nigeria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes Yes Norway Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes Yes Oman Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes Yes Pakistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded No No 389 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Lead agency Functions of the lead agency Road safety strategies Road safety targets A le ad a ge nc y is p re se nt Th e le ad a ge nc y is fu nd ed Co or di na tio n Le gi sl at io n M on ito rin g & ev al ua tio n Th er e is a na tio na l r oa d sa fe ty s tr at eg y Th e st ra te gy is fu nd ed Fa ta l N on -f at al Panama Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Papua New Guinea Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded No No Paraguay Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Peru Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Philippines Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes Yes Poland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Portugal Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Qatar Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes Yes Republic of Korea Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Republic of Moldova Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Romania Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Russian Federation Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Rwanda Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded No Yes Saint Lucia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — — Samoa Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No San Marino Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded No No Sao Tome and Principe Yes No Yes Yes Yes No — — — Saudi Arabia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded — — Senegal Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Serbia Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Seychelles Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded No No Singapore Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded No No Slovakia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Slovenia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Solomon Islands Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — — Somalia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not funded No No South Africa Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No South Sudan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — — 390 Country / Area Lead agency Functions of the lead agency Road safety strategies Road safety targets A le ad a ge nc y is p re se nt Th e le ad a ge nc y is fu nd ed Co or di na tio n Le gi sl at io n M on ito rin g & ev al ua tio n Th er e is a na tio na l r oa d sa fe ty s tr at eg y Th e st ra te gy is fu nd ed Fa ta l N on -f at al Spain Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes Yes Sri Lanka Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Sudan Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Suriname No — — — — No — — — Sweden Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Switzerland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — — Syrian Arab Republic Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded No No Tajikistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded No No Thailand Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Timor-Leste Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded No No Togo Yes No Yes Yes Yes No — — — Tonga Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes Trinidad and Tobago Yes No No No No Yes Partially funded No No Tunisia Yes Yes Yes No Yes No — — — Turkey Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes Yes Turkmenistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded No — Uganda Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No Ukraine No — — — — No — — — United Arab Emirates Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes United Kingdom Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Yes United Republic of Tanzania Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No United States of America Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded Yes Yes Uruguay Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — — Uzbekistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — — Vanuatu Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Partially funded — — 391 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Lead agency Functions of the lead agency Road safety strategies Road safety targets A le ad a ge nc y is p re se nt Th e le ad a ge nc y is fu nd ed Co or di na tio n Le gi sl at io n M on ito rin g & ev al ua tio n Th er e is a na tio na l r oa d sa fe ty s tr at eg y Th e st ra te gy is fu nd ed Fa ta l N on -f at al Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully funded No No Viet Nam Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded Yes No West Bank and Gaza Strip Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially funded No No Zimbabwe Yes No Yes Yes Yes No — — — a A self-sustaining prganisation through membership fees and data services. 392 TABLE A11: SAFER MOBILITY BY COUNTRY / AREA Country / Area Number of registered vehicles Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Inspections / star rating of existing roads Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Investments to upgrade high risk locations Policies & investment in urban public transport Policies promoting walking and cycling Afghanistan 655 357 Partial – Partial Yes Yes No Albania 563 106 Yes No Partial Yes Yes Subnational Angola No No Partial Yes Yes Yes Antigua and Barbuda 36 030 Partial No Partial No No No Argentina 21 633 587 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Armenia Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes No Australia 18 326 236 Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Austria 7 421 647 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Azerbaijan 1 330 551 Partial Yes Partial No Yes No Bangladesh 2 879 708 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes No Barbados 117 104 No Yes Partial No Yes No Belarus 4 192 291 No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Belgium 7 330 718 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Subnational Belize 56 094 Yes Yes Yes No No No Benin 469 761 Partial No Partial Yes No No Bhutan 86 981 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 1 711 005 Yes Yes Yes No Yes Subnational Bosnia and Herzegovina 978 229 Partial Yes Yes Yes No Subnational Botswana 653 274 Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Brazil 93 867 016 Yes No Partial Yes Yes Yes Bulgaria 4 031 748 Partial No Yes No Yes Yes Burkina Faso 2 106 292 Partial Yes Yes Yes No No Burundi 111 236 Partial No No No No No Cabo Verde 64 955 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes No Cambodia 3 751 715 Yes Yes No Yes No No Cameroon 758 145 Partial Yes Partial Yes Yes No Canada 23 923 806 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Subnational Central African Republic 37 475 Partial Yes Partial Yes No No Chad 1 124 000 Yes No Yes Yes No No Chile 4 960 945 No No Partial No Yes Subnational 393 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Number of registered vehicles Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Inspections / star rating of existing roads Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Investments to upgrade high risk locations Policies & investment in urban public transport Policies promoting walking and cycling China 294 694 457 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Colombia 13 477 996 Partial No No No Yes No Comoros 34 898 No No No Yes No No Congo Yes No Partial No No No Cook Islands 12 453 Partial Yes Partial Yes No Yes Costa Rica 1 991 398 No – No No Yes Subnational Côte d’Ivoire 905 537 Partial No Partial Yes Yes No Croatia 1 996 056 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Cuba 633 369 No Yes Partial Yes Yes No Cyprus 650 805 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Czechia 7 325 789 Partial Yes Yes No Yes Yes Democratic Republic of the Congo – No Partial No No Subnational Denmark 3 131 673 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Dominica 35 796 – No Partial No No No Dominican Republic 3 854 038 Yes No Partial Yes Yes Yes Ecuador 1 925 368 Yes Yes Partial No Yes Yes Egypt 8 412 673 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes Subnational El Salvador 1 008 080 Partial No Partial No Yes Yes Equatorial Guinea 143 000 No – No No No Eritrea 72 405 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Estonia 865 040 Partial Yes Yes Yes No Yes Eswatini 99 830 Yes Yes Partial No Yes No Ethiopia 708 416 No No Partial No Yes No Fiji 110 763 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes Yes Finland 5 217 850 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes France 42 363 000 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Gabon – – No Yes Yes No Gambia 84 963 Partial No Partial Yes No No Georgia 1 126 470 Yes No Partial Yes Yes Yes Germany 56 622 000 Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Ghana 2 066 943 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 394 Country / Area Number of registered vehicles Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Inspections / star rating of existing roads Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Investments to upgrade high risk locations Policies & investment in urban public transport Policies promoting walking and cycling Greece 9 489 299 Partial Yes Partial Yes Yes Subnational Grenada 27 266 Partial Yes Partial Yes No No Guatemala 3 250 194 Partial No Partial Yes Yes Subnational Guinea 259 731 Yes No No No Yes No Guinea-Bissau 62 239 No No No No No No Guyana 15 694 Yes No Partial No No No Honduras 1 694 504 Yes No Yes Yes No No Hungary 4 022 798 Yes Yes Yes No No Subnational Iceland 289 501 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes Yes India 210 023 289 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes No Indonesia 128 398 594 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Subnational Iran (Islamic Republic of) 30 377 065 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes Subnational Iraq 5 775 777 Partial No Partial No Yes No Ireland 2 573 961 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Israel 3 239 305 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes Yes Italy 52 581 575 Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Jamaica 541 316 Yes Yes Partial No Yes Yes Japan 81 602 046 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Jordan 1 502 420 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes No Kazakhstan 4 383 120 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Kenya 2 979 910 Partial No Partial Yes Yes Subnational Kiribati 3 706 Yes No Partial Yes Yes Yes Kuwait 2 001 940 Yes – No No No No Kyrgyzstan 993 000 Yes No Partial Yes Yes Lao People’s Democratic Republic 1 850 020 Partial No Partial Yes No Yes Latvia 803 628 Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Lebanon 1 866 407 Partial – Partial No No No Lesotho Yes Yes No No No No Liberia 1 085 075 Yes Yes Partial No Yes Yes Libya 3 553 497 Yes No Partial Yes Yes No Lithuania 1 391 568 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 395 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Number of registered vehicles Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Inspections / star rating of existing roads Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Investments to upgrade high risk locations Policies & investment in urban public transport Policies promoting walking and cycling Luxembourg 466 472 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Madagascar 236 979 Yes Yes Partial No No No Malawi Partial No Yes No No No Malaysia 27 613 120 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Maldives 92 983 No Yes Partial No Yes No Mali 344 345 Yes Yes Partial Yes No No Malta 358 947 Partial Yes Partial No Yes Yes Mauritania No No No Yes No No Mauritius 507 676 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes No Mexico 40 205 671 No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Micronesia (Federated States of) 5 673 Partial Yes Partial No No No Mongolia 841 537 Yes No Partial No Yes Yes Montenegro 211 219 Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Morocco 3 791 469 Partial Yes No Yes Yes Yes Mozambique 698 864 No No Partial No No No Myanmar 6 381 136 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Namibia 371 281 No No Partial Yes Yes Yes Nepal 2 339 169 Partial Yes Partial No Yes No Netherlands 10 757 655 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes New Zealand 3 656 300 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Niger 436 420 Partial No Yes No No No Nigeria 11 733 425 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes Yes Norway 3 969 612 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes Yes Oman 1 370 913 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Subnational Pakistan 18 352 500 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes No Panama 1 288 573 No No Partial No Yes Subnational Papua New Guinea 100 993 Partial Yes Partial No No Subnational Paraguay 1 871 947 Yes Yes Partial No Yes Subnational Peru 5 604 789 No – No Yes No Yes Philippines 9 251 565 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes Yes Poland 27 409 106 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 396 Country / Area Number of registered vehicles Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Inspections / star rating of existing roads Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Investments to upgrade high risk locations Policies & investment in urban public transport Policies promoting walking and cycling Portugal 6 590 094 Partial Yes Yes No Yes Yes Qatar 1 330 487 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Republic of Korea 25 680 967 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Republic of Moldova 894 253 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Romania 7 014 661 Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Russian Federation 54 014 259 Yes No Yes Yes Yes Subnational Rwanda 180 137 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Saint Lucia 35 681 No No Partial No No No Samoa 25 235 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes Subnational San Marino 54 956 Partial No Partial Yes Yes No Sao Tome and Principe 34 050 No No Partial No No No Saudi Arabia 6 895 799 Partial Yes Partial Yes Yes Subnational Senegal 468 051 Yes Yes No No Yes No Serbia 2 282 401 No No Yes Yes Yes No Seychelles 23 076 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Singapore 933 534 Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Slovakia 2 606 412 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Slovenia 1 468 439 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Solomon Islands Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Somalia 59 457 No – No No No No South Africa Partial Yes Partial Yes Yes Yes South Sudan 69 647 No Yes Partial No No No Spain 32 986 384 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Sri Lanka 6 795 469 Partial No Partial Yes No Subnational Sudan 1 252 740 Yes Yes Partial No Yes No Suriname 228 388 No No Partial No Yes No Sweden 6 102 914 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Switzerland 5 980 512 Partial Yes No Yes Yes Yes Syrian Arab Republic 2 396 544 Partial Yes Partial Yes Yes Yes Tajikistan 439 972 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes No Thailand 37 338 139 Partial Yes Partial Yes Yes Yes 397 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Number of registered vehicles Audits or star rating required for new road infrastructure Inspections / star rating of existing roads Design standards for the safety of pedestrians / cyclists Investments to upgrade high risk locations Policies & investment in urban public transport Policies promoting walking and cycling The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 442 962 Partial Yes Yes No Yes Yes Timor-Leste 146 596 Partial No Yes No Yes Yes Togo 64 118 Partial No Partial Yes Yes No Tonga 8 154 Yes Yes Partial Yes No Subnational Trinidad and Tobago 831 803 Partial No Yes No Yes No Tunisia 2 015 601 Partial – Partial Yes Yes No Turkey 21 090 424 Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Turkmenistan Yes No Partial Yes Yes Yes Uganda 1 594 962 Yes Yes Partial Yes No Yes Ukraine 14 433 709 Yes Yes Yes No Yes Subnational United Arab Emirates 3 391 125 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes Subnational United Kingdom 38 388 214 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes United Republic of Tanzania 2 163 623 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes No United States of America 281 312 446 No – No Yes Yes Yes Uruguay 2 342 026 No No Partial No Yes Yes Uzbekistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Vanuatu Partial No Partial Yes Yes No Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 7 999 760 Yes – Yes No Yes No Viet Nam 50 666 855 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes Subnational West Bank and Gaza Strip 268 365 Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Zimbabwe 1 198 584 Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes No 398 TABLE A12: VEHICLE STANDARDS BY COUNTRY / AREA Country / Area Vehicle standards Seat-belts Seat-belt anchorages Frontal impact Side impact Electronic stability control Pedestrian protection Child seats Motorcycle anti-lock bracking system Afghanistan No No No No No No No No Albania No No No No No No No No Angola No No No No No No No No Antigua and Barbuda No No No No No No No No Argentina Yes Yes Yesa Yesb Noc No No No Armenia No No No No No No No No Australia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yesd No Yes Austria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Azerbaijan No No No No No No No No Bangladesh No No No No No No No No Barbados No No No No No No No No Belarus No No No No No No No No Belgium Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Belize No No No No No No No No Benin No No No No No No No No Bhutan No No No No No No No No Bolivia (Plurinational State of) No No No No No No No No Bosnia and Herzegovina No No No No No No No No Botswana No No No No No No No No Brazil Yes Yes Yes Noe No No Yes Yes Bulgaria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Burkina Faso No No No No No No No No Burundi No No No No No No No No Cabo Verde No No No No No No No No Cambodia No No No No No No No No Cameroon No No No No No No No No Canada Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Central African Republic No No No No No No No No Chad No No No No No No No No Chile No No No No No No No No China Yes Yes Yes Yes Nof No No No 399 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Vehicle standards Seat-belts Seat-belt anchorages Frontal impact Side impact Electronic stability control Pedestrian protection Child seats Motorcycle anti-lock bracking system Colombia No No No No No No No No Comoros No No No No No No No No Congo No No No No No No No No Cook Islands No No No No No No No No Costa Rica No No No No No No No No Côte d’Ivoire No No No No No No No No Croatia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Cuba No No No No No No No No Cyprus Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Czechia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Democratic Republic of the Congo No No No No No No No No Denmark Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Dominica No No No No No No No No Dominican Republic No No No No No No No No Ecuador Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Egypt Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No El Salvador No No No No No No No No Equatorial Guinea No No No No No No No No Eritrea No No No No No No No No Estonia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Eswatini No No No No No No No No Ethiopia No No No No No No No No Fiji No No No No No No No No Finland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes France Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Gabon No No No No No No No No Gambia No No No No No No No No Georgia No No No No No No No No Germany Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Ghana No No No No No No No No Greece Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Grenada No No No No No No No No 400 Country / Area Vehicle standards Seat-belts Seat-belt anchorages Frontal impact Side impact Electronic stability control Pedestrian protection Child seats Motorcycle anti-lock bracking system Guatemala No No No No No No No No Guinea No No No No No No No No Guinea-Bissau No No No No No No No No Guyana No No No No No No No No Honduras No No No No No No No No Hungary Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Iceland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes India Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yesg No Yes Indonesia No No No No No No No No Iran (Islamic Republic of) No No No No No No No No Iraq No No No No No No No No Ireland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Israel Yesh Yesh Yesh Yesh Yesh No Yes No Italy Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Jamaica No No No No No No No No Japan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Jordan No No No No No No No No Kazakhstan No No No No No No No No Kenya No No No No No No No No Kiribati No No No No No No No No Kuwait No No No No No No No No Kyrgyzstan No No No No No No No No Lao People’s Democratic Republic No No No No No No No No Latvia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Lebanon No No No No No No No No Lesotho No No No No No No No No Liberia No No No No No No No No Libya No No No No No No No No Lithuania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Luxembourg Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Madagascar No No No No No No No No 401 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Vehicle standards Seat-belts Seat-belt anchorages Frontal impact Side impact Electronic stability control Pedestrian protection Child seats Motorcycle anti-lock bracking system Malawi No No No No No No No No Malaysia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Maldives No No No No No No No No Mali No No No No No No No No Malta Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Mauritania No No No No No No No No Mauritius No No No No No No No No Mexico Yes No No No No No No No Micronesia (Federated States of) No No No No No No No No Mongolia No No No No No No No No Montenegro No No No No No No No No Morocco No No No No No No No No Mozambique No No No No No No No No Myanmar No No No No No No No No Namibia No No No No No No No No Nepal No No No No No No No No Netherlands Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes New Zealand Yes Yes Yes Yes Yesi Yes Yes No Niger No No No No No No No No Nigeria No No No No No No No No Norway Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Oman No No No No No No No No Pakistan No No No No No No No No Panama No No No No No No No No Papua New Guinea No No No No No No No No Paraguay No No No No No No No No Peru No No No No No No No No Philippines No No No No No No No No Poland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Portugal Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Qatar No No No No No No No No Republic of Korea Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 402 Country / Area Vehicle standards Seat-belts Seat-belt anchorages Frontal impact Side impact Electronic stability control Pedestrian protection Child seats Motorcycle anti-lock bracking system Republic of Moldova No No No No No No No No Romania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Russian Federation Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Rwanda No No No No No No No No Saint Lucia No No No No No No No No Samoa No No No No No No No No San Marino Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Sao Tome and Principe No No No No No No No No Saudi Arabia No No No No No No No No Senegal No No No No No No No No Serbia No No No No No No No No Seychelles No No No No No No No No Singapore No No No No No No No No Slovakia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Slovenia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Solomon Islands No No No No No No No No Somalia No No No No No No No No South Africa No Yes No No Yes Yes Yes No South Sudan No No No No No No No No Spain Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Sri Lanka No No No No No No No No Sudan No No No No No No No No Suriname No No No No No No No No Sweden Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Switzerland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Syrian Arab Republic No No No No No No No No Tajikistan No No No No No No No No Thailand Yes Yes Noj,k Noj,k Nok Yes No No The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia No No No No No No No No Timor-Leste No No No No No No No No Togo No No No No No No No No 403 Statistical AnnexGLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018 Country / Area Vehicle standards Seat-belts Seat-belt anchorages Frontal impact Side impact Electronic stability control Pedestrian protection Child seats Motorcycle anti-lock bracking system Tonga No No No No No No No No Trinidad and Tobago No No No No No No No No Tunisia No No No No No No No No Turkey Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Turkmenistan No No No No No No No No Uganda No No No No No No No No Ukraine No No No No No No No No United Arab Emirates No No No No No No No No United Kingdom Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes United Republic of Tanzania No No No No No No No No United States of America Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Uruguay Yes Yes No No No No Yes No Uzbekistan No No No No No No No No Vanuatu No No No No No No No No Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) No No No No No No No No Viet Nam No No No No No No No No West Bank and Gaza Strip No No No No No No No No Zimbabwe No No No No No No No No a Only for new models b For new models as from 2018 c Mandatory as from 2018 under voluntary agreement with car makers but postponed to 2022 by the new government following Brazil ESC mandatory date d Australia has signed the UN127 for Pedestrian Protection as a Contracting Party but is not enforcing it e Brazil included the requirement for side impact for new vehicles from 2020 f However top 12 car makers (more than 70% of sales volume) commited to ESC standard as from 2018 g Mandatory from October 2018 h Required for cars made under US regulations - for European cars, no requirements further than ESC i For new models as from 2018 j According to representatives information the regulation will be mandatory as from 2020 k Thailand launched an ECO-CAR program with tax incentives for cars with ESC but this is not mandatory for all cars PHOTO CREDITS Page iii AdobeStock Page vii WHO Page ix Bloomberg Page xii AdobeStock Page xv AdobeStock Page xvi AdobeStock Page 9 WHO Page 12 AdobeStock Page 13 AdobeStock Page 14 AdobeStock Page 17 WHO Page 21 AdobeStock Page 22 AdobeStock Page 30 AdobeStock Page 34 WHO Page 37 AdobeStock Page 44 AdobeStock Page 47 AdobeStock Page 48 AdobeStock Page 49 AdobeStock Page 51 WHO Page 55 Edward Echwalu Page 56 AdobeStock Page 60 AdobeStock Page 63 AdobeStock Page 65 AdobeStock 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WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION Management of Noncommunicable Diseases, Disability, Violence and Injury Prevention (NVI) 20 Avenue Appia 1211 Geneva 27 Switzerland Phone: +41 22 791 2881 http //YYYYhQiPt/XiQNePceAiPLur[ApreXePtiQP/rQCdAtrCHfic/eP/ ISBN 978-92-4-156564-2