Thailand medical products profile 2019050100150200

OVERALL SPENDING ON HEALTH Current per capita spending on health care (current US$)4 Share of government vs out-of-pocket spending on health4 SPENDING ON MEDICINES Spending on medicines as share of total health-care cost5 Share of public and out-of-pocket spending on medicines5 COUNTRY AT A GLANCE 69 626 Population (in 000s)1 75.5 Life expectancy at birth (in years)2 7273.6 GDP (per capita in current US$)3 Thailand medical products profile 2019 0 50 100 150 200 $222 250 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 C ur re nt U S$ 12% 88% 0 20 40 60 80 100 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 Pe rc en ta ge ( % ) MEDICAL AND PHARMACY WORKFORCE 8.1 Medical doctors/10 000 population6A 4.2 Pharmacists/10 000 population6B Yes Pharmacy education accreditation6C Partly Continuing professional development for pharmacists6C 55.5% 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 2005 2008 2011 2014 Pe rc en ta ge (% ) 91% 9% 0 20 40 60 80 100 2005 2008 2011 2014 sh ar e as p er ce nt ag e (% ) ThailandMedical products profile 2019 KEY MEDICINES POLICIES AND GUIDANCE Key pharmaceutical legislation12 National Medicine Policy13,A National Essential Medicines List14,B National Standard Treatment Guidelines12,C 1. Drugs Act BE 2510 (1967), amended last in 1987. National Medicines Policy 2017-2021 National List of Essential Medicines-2017 Individual disease guidelines and treatment protocols exist. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RELATED POLICIES & PRODUCTION Number of local pharmaceutical manufacturers15 Least developed country status16 Member of World Trade Organization since17 TRIPS flexibilities used18 Allopathic 186 and Traditional 964 No 1995 Yes ACCESS TO MEDICINES HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis treatment coverage7,8,9 Diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP3) and hepatitis B3 immunization coverage10 Gaps in diagnosis and management of hypertension and diabetes Levels of consumption of narcotic drugs11 0 20 40 60 80 99% 99%100 2007 2010 2014 2017 Pe rc en ta ge ( % ) 72% 74% 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 Pe rc en ta ge ( % ) 0 50 100 150 200 250 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 S- D D D /m ill io n/ da y# Total Methadone Total methadone* Morphine 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Male Female Male Female Hypertension Diabetes Treated and controlled Treated but uncontrolled Diagnosed but untreated Undiagnosed #S-DDD; Statistical defined daily dose/million/day; *Total minus methadone shows usage mainly for palliative care, because it excludes methadone treatment for drug dependency. Data from STEPwise approach to surveillance (STEPS) or equivalent population surveys ThailandMedical products profile 2019 Market Authorization/ Licensing/Quality Assurance Medicine Patient Medicine Selection Medicine Procurement Pricing and Reimbursement Distribution National regulatory authority19: Thai Food and Drug Administration (Thai FDA) http://www.fda.moph.go.th/Pages/HomeP_D1.aspx Regulated products: Medicines12: YES Vaccines: YES Medical Devices12: YES Traditional Medicines20: YES Medicine quality control laboratory21: National Drug Testing Laboratory, Bureau of Drugs and Narcotics. ISO 17025 certified21: Yes (since 1994) WHO prequalified21: Yes (since 2012) Number of registered medicines15: Allopathic: 22 726, Biologicals: 647, Narcotics: 145, Traditional: 14 274, Veterinary: 3537 (Does not include traditional veterinary medicines: 122) Agency responsible for selection13: Division of National Drug Policy, Thai FDA Number of products on essential medicines list: By active ingredient14: 687 By dosage form: 1008 Traditional medicines products included in essential medicines list14: Yes (74 products) Medicines availability is indicated by health facility level12: YES National formulary22,D: Specialties National Formularies available. No national formulary booklet Public Sector Agency responsible for public procurement12,E: National Medicine Systems Development Committee. Procurement done at Central12 State12 Facility12 Commonly used procurement methods21: Competitive tendering Public Sector Agency responsible for distribution12,F: Directly from supplier to hospitals Public sector facilities6,G: Referral Hospitals excluding Bangkok Metropolitan: 116 District hospitals (community hospitals): 774 Primary care centers: 9796 Public Sector Price Control12: In reality no price control Mechanism12: Prices at or below standard price as mentioned in the standard price list Patient prices for essential medicines in public sector: Free Medicines12: YES Private Sector Number of wholesalers15: Normal: 16,892 (include retail also) Private Sector Number of Retail Outlets15,H: Normal: 16 892 Ready packed: 2934 Licensed retail pharmacies per 10 000 population15,I: 2.5 Number of Traditional Medicines outlets15: 2083 Private Sector Agency responsible for Price Control12: Ministry of Trade/ Commerce. Pricing mechanism: Manufacturer Wholesale Retailer12 Mark-ups regulated12: No price cap/maximum retail price (MRP). Price negotiation between industry and purchaser. Pharmaceutical system flowchart ThailandMedical products profile 2019 References 1. United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. World Population Prospects 2019. https://population. un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/Population/- accessed 28th June 2019.. 2. World Health Organization. Global Health Observatory (GHO) data: life expectancy. Geneva. http://apps.who.int/gho/data/view.main. SDG2016LEXv?lang=en - accessed 10th May 2019. 3. The World Bank. World development indicators 2018. Washington DC. https://databank.worldbank.org/data/reports.aspx?source=world- development-indicators- accessed on 10th May 2019. 4. World Health Organization. Global Health Expenditure Database (GHED): total health expenditure. Geneva. http://apps.who.int/nha/ database/Select/Indicators/en- accessed on 10th may 2019. 5. World Health Organization. National Health Accounts, Thailand. World Health Organization. Geneva. Internal communication, April 2017. 6. A. Global Health Observatory data repository. Health Workforce. Medical Doctors. http://apps.who.int/gho/data/view.main.HWFMEDv - accessed on 28th June 2019. B. Global Health Observatory data repository. Health Workforce. Pharmaceutical personnel. http://apps.who.int/gho/data/view.main. HWFPHAv - accessed on 28th June 2019. C. Decade for health workforce strengthening in the South-East Asia Region 2015–2024. Second review of progress, 2018. 1-52. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/274310/9789290226574-eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y - accessed on 28th June 2019. 7. United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS. Estimates of coverage of people receiving ART. HIV Expenditure. http://aidsinfo.unaids.org/- accessed on 10th May 2019. 8. World Health Organization. Global Health Observatory (GHO) data. Geneva. http://apps.who.int/gho/data/view.main.UHCTBTREATMENTv- accessed on 10th May 2019. 9. World Health Organization. World malaria reports. Geneva. https://www.who.int/malaria/publications/world-malaria-report-2018/en/- accessed on 10th May 2019. 10. WHO vaccine-preventable diseases: monitoring system. 2018 global summary. http://apps.who.int/immunization_monitoring/ globalsummary- accessed on 10th May 2019. 11. International Narcotics Control Board. Narcotic Drugs-Technical Report. http://www.incb.org/incb/en/narcotic-drugs/Technical_Reports/ narcotic_drugs_reports.html - accessed on 23rd May 2019. 12. World Health Organization, Regional Office for South-East Asia. Medicines in health care delivery, Thailand- 2015. WHO Regional Office for South East Asia, India: 2016. http://www.searo.who.int/entity/medicines/thailand_situational_assessment.pdf?ua=1 - accessed 21 May 2017. 13. As reported by Ministry of Public Health, Thailand, June 2017. 14. Thai Food & Drug Administration. Ministry of Public Health. Thailand. National list of Essential Medicines 2017. Thai FDA, Ministry of Public Health., Thailand. 2017. http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2560/E/119/27.PDF -accessed 11 June 2017. 15. Internal database from Thai Food & Drug Administration, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand. Latest update 17 May 2017. 16. United Nations, Department of Economics and Social Affairs, Development Policy and Analysis Division. LDC list. 2016. https://www. un.org/development/desa/dpad/wp-content/uploads/sites/45/publication/ldc_list.pdf- accessed on 10th May 2019. 17. World Trade Organization. Members and Observers. World Trade Organization. Geneva. 2016. https://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/ whatis_e/tif_e/org6_e.htm - accessed on 10th May 2019. 18. World Intellectual Property Organization. Statistical Country profiles. World Intellectual Property Organization. Geneva. http://www. wipo. int/ipstats/en/statistics/country_profile/ -accessed 21 June 2017. 19. Thai Food and Drug Administration (Thai FDA), Ministry of Public Health, Thailand. Thai FDA, Thailand. http://www.fda.moph.go.th/Pages/ HomeP_D1.aspx -accessed 21 May 2017. 20. Data taken from South East Asia Regional workshop on Traditional Medicines in 2015, Pyongyang. 21. World Health Organization, Regional Office for South East Asia. Report of South East Asia Drug Testing Laboratories, 2013. WHO Regional Office for South East Asia. India: 2013. http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/documents/s21588en/s21588en.pdf -accessed 21 May 2017. 22. Bureau of Drug Control, Thai Food and Drug Administration. http://drug.fda.moph.go.th/ -accessed 21 May 2017. Notes: A. National Medicines Policy 2017-2021: To get cabinet approval. B. National List of Essential Medicines -2017. Effective since, 29 April 2017. C. Treatment protocols available for special programs. Standard Treatment Guidelines for about 50 diseases available from Department of Medical Services, Ministry of Public Health. D. Specialties National Formularies available. No national formulary booklet. E. National Medicine Systems Development Committee. Monitoring by Pharmacy Unit of Bureau of Health Administration, Ministry of Public Health F. Suppliers directly supply to health facilities/ hospitals and community hospitals supply medicines to health centers. G. 116 Referral Hospitals include - 88 regional hospitals/28 general hospitals. Primary care centers are called District Health Promoting Hospitals. H. Ready-packed drugs can be sold in drug stores by nurses or other medical professionals. 3,686 “ready packed” includes (veterinary. medicines:752, human medicines:2,934). I. Calculated by using retail pharmacies/Thai pop. *10,000 = 16,892/67,959,000*10,000 = 2.5. ThailandMedical products profile 2019