TRIAL MONITORING PROJECT REPORT June 2009 – August 2010
General Conclusions and Recommendations
Project implemented by the OSCE Mission to Montenegro with the financial support of the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg General Conclusions and Recommendations On the basis of the detailed findings and considerations presented in the various sections of the Trial Monitoring Project Report for June 2009 – August 2010, the following main conclusions and recommendations can be presented:
CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS
To the Courts:
- Considering the practices of having ex-parte communication with the parties to the proceedings, Judges must strictly apply the rule that the parties to the proceedings must not be present in the court office/courtroom before the official court invitation for the start of trial. When the hearing is taking place in a judge office, appropriate measures should also be taken to avoid such situation. It is suggested to the Supreme Court to issue a decision or a recommendation to all Courts on this matter.
- With respect to the right to appeal and impartiality of the Court, if a judge has participated in rendering a first instance decision, he/she has to be disqualified from the panel reviewing an appeal on this first instance decision.
- Considering the observed practise that few Basic Courts still do not place the schedule of hearings on their public boards it is recommended to ensure that the lists of the scheduled trials are posted on the respective public boards and update them on regular basis on weekly basis in accordance with the newly established practice of the other Courts. The nomination of focal points should be considered for collecting the information on scheduled trials and submit it to the Head of the Court’s Registry to post it on weekly basis on respective public boards and on Courts’ websites.
- The publication of verdicts should also be envisaged by following the exemplary practice of the Supreme Court and the Administrative Court of Montenegro as well as the two Higher Courts.
- It is recommended to provide all Basic Courts in Montenegro with an official website as it is the case in the first instance courts in neighbouring countries, where case law, publications, reports, schedules of trials and statistics are posted and available to public.
- With regard to the issue of insufficient space and should the possible building of new Court premises and/or the refurbishment of current premises be considered, it should be reiterated that particular attention should be paid to the aspects that will ensure adequate working conditions and full respect of the right to a public hearing. Adequate Courtrooms shall also enable proper interaction between the defendants and their attorneys.
- Considering the observed insufficient space and the influence on the right to a public hearing, as mentioned in the previous report, possibilities should be considered to limit conducing hearings in the Court’s offices by improving the organization and coordination when scheduling the trials.
- Despite the recommendations of the previous year, there is still no much progress of security matters in the Courts. It is recommended to establish a harmonized practice of security checks for all Courts in Montenegro. This could be done through introducing specialized police units that would be only in charge of the security of the Court buildings, the Court's staff and the Judges. Also, it is suggested to organize regular meetings of Chiefs of Security services from all Courts in Montenegro in order to exchange experiences and good practices and to evaluate the results of their work. Interested public should continue to be enabled to monitor hearings without presenting a reason or obtaining an approval by the Court.
- Considering the practise that the interested public, especially relatives of the defendants, is still partially restricted from attending the pronouncement of verdicts due to insufficient space, it is recommended when high public attendance is expected to the pronouncement of the verdicts, to take adequate measures to ensure equal conditions for relatives of the accused, public and media to attend the pronouncement of verdicts.
- Considering the observed example that a Court trainee served as interpreter in a main hearing although he/she is not officially appointed by the Ministry of Justice, the Court is reminded to continue to respect defendant’s right to an interpreter in all phases of a criminal case and in accordance with the Court rules.
- About 22% of all monitored hearings were delayed and the most frequent reasons for the delay of the hearings were: unjustified absence witnesses (22.64%); absence of the defendants (20.76%); absence of attorneys (20.76%), and absence of Public Prosecutor (13.26%). In this regard, the use one of substitute Judge/Lay Judge is further recommended as illustrated in one case before the Higher Court of Bijelo Polje. It is also recommended to better plan and schedule the hearings in order to avoid overlapping of trials and apply stricter sanctions (such as fine) towards the irresponsible parties to the proceedings. Presidents of Panels should pay particular attention to all elements that may cause unnecessary delays and ensure that the right procedure is followed in case of delays such as reporting the reasons to the President of the Courts. Communication and cooperation between the Courts and other State authorities in charge of executing the Court orders should also be improved in order to avoid delays that result from the non-execution of the Court orders by those authorities.
- Considering the sensitiveness of certain cases such as war crime cases, the use of video link for witnesses’ testimonies should be encouraged, especially when witnesses are located outside of Montenegro.
- Considering the good practice that was previously observed with regard to delivering adequate support to victims/witnesses, the further implementation of this practice is strongly encouraged to other relevant cases for which support to victims would be required as well as the production and dissemination of informative booklets for victims/witnesses in all Courts.
- Despite the lack of appropriate building facilities, Presidents of Panels are encouraged to take appropriate measures to prevent communication between witnesses and/or other parties to the procedure.
- Considering the observed practice in this regard, it is further recommended to strengthen and resort to means of regional and international judicial cooperation in criminal matters, especially transfer of proceedings when extradition issues may arise, in order to refrain from conducting trials in absentia and reduce delays in the proceedings. - Recent initiatives for conclusion of bilateral agreements on mutual legal assistance in criminal matters and extradition are welcomed and should be further encouraged.
- The framework of international judicial cooperation in criminal matters should be further strengthened in order to have more efficient and effective international legal assistance service to prevent additional delays in Court proceedings and improve the implementation of the main principles of the right to a trial within a reasonable time. In this regard, further specialised training for the judiciary should be considered and the various handbooks and tools produced in this area further distributed.
- In all cases in which defendants are in detention, the Courts have to pay particular attention to act with exceptional urgency and ensure compliance with Article 147(2) of the CPC.
- Considering the observed frequency of ordering detention and the lack of sufficient justification, each reason foreseen by the law to order detention shall be carefully examined and explained by the Court; when possible Courts should resort to other legal measures provided by the CPC to ensure the presence of the defendant during the trial, especially guarantee measures.
- It is recommended to translate into local language and disseminate the Rules on the use of remand in custody, the conditions in which it takes place and the provision of safeguards against abuse as contained in the mentioned Recommendation of 27 September 2006 of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe.
To the Bar Association:
- Considering the observed examples when defence lawyers failed to act in accordance with the principles of professionalism, competence, diligence and respect for the Court, it is recommended to sanction accordingly attorneys who failed to comply with the provisions of the relevant Code of Conduct and the established standards for attorneys.
- Considering the limited involvement of defence attorney appointed ex officio with regard to the defence of defendants especially during the hearings, adequate measures should be undertaken to remedy to this situation. The Bar Association should continuously monitor the activities of ex officio appointed lawyers.
- Considering that one of the main reasons of delayed trials is the absence of attorneys, it is recommended that, when they are prevented to attend the main hearing and when this is possible and agreeable to the defendant, lawyers delegate the authority to their deputies so that trials can take place as scheduled.
- According to the noticed lack of awareness and information on relevant recent legal provisions pertaining to the length of trial such as the Law on Protection of the Right to a Trial within Reasonable Time, it is recommended to ensure that lawyers are aware of these provisions. Further briefing or training in this area should be considered.
To the State Prosecution:
- Considering that the absence of the State Prosecutor is also a reason of delay for the conduct of hearings, it is recommended to better organise their professional commitments in order to ensure presence at the hearings an avoid further delays. - The Prosecution should pay attention to consciously prepare all elements of the indictment related to the presentation of evidences in order to avoid mistakes during the trial and ensure adequate professionalism.
To the legislator:
- As the previous suggestion to include sanction related to the non respect of the presumption of innocence in the amendment of the Criminal Code was not followed, it is suggested to review the article 25 of the Media Law so that a clearer reference to the presumption of innocence is made.
- Considering the sensitiveness of certain cases, especially for victims/witnesses, the use of video link for these testimonies should be encouraged and further legislative measures could be developed to facilitate questioning of the witnesses or victims via video conference link in case their presence of at the trial cannot be ensured.
To the Media:
- Considering that the principle of presumption of innocence was not fully respected by the media, additional training sessions focusing on the respect of the principle of presumption of innocence by media during criminal proceedings should be provided to journalist and editors.
CIVIL PROCEEDINGS
To the Courts:
- The newly adopted Law on Prohibition of Discrimination requires that all buildings and facilities open to public must be adapted to the needs of persons with disability when financially possible. To this end, it is recommended that the State provide support to the Courts for the adaptation of the court buildings to meet the needs of persons with disabilities.
- Considering the need to efficiently implementation the Law on Free Legal Aid after its adoption, special attention should be given to the organisation of promotional activities in order to acquaint the members of judicial system as well as general public with its mechanisms and solutions.
- Considering the observed lack of information on public boards in a limited number of Basic Courts in Montenegro, it is recommended to introduce the practice of posting the list of scheduled trials on respective public boards and update them on regular weekly basis in all Basic Courts in Montenegro. It is suggested to develop an official website for all Basic Courts as it is the case in the first instance Courts in neighbouring countries, where the publications, reports, schedule of trials, statistics and other relevant information related to the work of the Courts are posted.
- Considering the observed insufficient space and/or the progressively increasing caseload in civil area and the necessity to comply with the right to a public hearing, it is recommended to hold the hearings in courtrooms instead of the judges’ offices, especially when there is high public interest for the case. - The main reasons of delays in civil procedure were: parties in the procedure asked for adjournment (26.1 %), expert witness failed to appear or he/she did not submitted the expertise in due time (19.1 %), absence of the Judge and replacement between the hearings (13.9 %), inadequate cooperation of other State bodies (5.2 %). In addition, requests for adjournments, extension of time limits and additional opportunities to present submissions or introduce new evidences are generously tolerated and granted. Considering such practice and the fact that the Law on Civil Procedure in Montenegro is rooted in the principles of adversarial trial, it is recommended to the Court to:
- use its wide discretion to sanction negligent and opportunistic conduct and delaying tactics utilized by the participants in the civil procedure;
- conduct a concentrated trial instead of series of short sessions between the Court and the parties over a period of many months, in accordance with the Recommendation No. R (84) 5 of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe and Article 13 of the Law of Civil Procedure.
- make a better use of preliminary hearings and fix a timetable at an early stage in the proceedings, based upon conferrals by the Court and by both parties, containing an estimated time for the conclusion of the proceedings;
- encourage the various stakeholders in the justice system to use the technology as the law has generally entrenched the juridical value of electronic documents if their integrity is assured, including electronic submission and exchange of lawsuit-related documents.
- As one of the main reasons of delayed trials is the absence of properly summoned expert witness or/and the failure to deliver the expert report within time limits set by the Court, it is recommended that in case of constant unprofessional behaviour of a particular expert, Judges and the Presidents of the Courts initiate a removal from the list of court- appointed experts before the Commission for Appointment and Dismissal of the Court Appointed Experts, as defined by the Law on the Court Appointed Experts.
- Considering that a number of cases were adjourned due to inadequate cooperation and collaboration of the State administration authorities, it is recommended that in such cases the Presidents of the Courts apply Article 22 of the Law on Protection of the Right to a Trial within a Reasonable Time and initiate a disciplinary and/or dismissal procedure against the responsible persons that failed to act upon their orders.
- Although the annual reports of the Judicial Council provide a comprehensive overview of the work of the courts, it is recommended to also make available to the public general statistical and other data on the length of proceedings, especially in accordance with the nature of the cases. For this purpose it is suggested to use the Time Management Checklist of the European Commission of the Efficiency of Justice (CEPEJ) of the Council of Europe which provides a checklist composed of indicators for the analysis of length of proceedings in justice system. This would help contributing to the creation of comparable data between CoE Member States.
- Having in mind the necessity to maintain and preserve the impartiality and independence of the Court, the Judges should not allow pressure of any kind, especially exerted from the parties. - Considering that the mediation mechanism was not utilized by the parties so frequently, the Court should make a better use of its power to suspend the case in order to allow to the parties enough time to settle, using alternative dispute resolution procedures.
To the Professional Association of the Court Appointed Experts
- Considering that a number of hearings were adjourned due to actions of expert witnesses, it is recommended that the Professional Association of Court Appointed Experts develop a Code of Ethics for the Court Appointed Experts in order to further promote ethical standards among experts. In case of violation of such Code of Ethics, sanctions should be imposed by the Association.
To the Centre for Mediation
- Considering the importance of mediation mechanism for efficiency of civil procedure, the Centre for Mediation should continue to promote it. In addition to the actual statistics, the Centre could develop different types of and more detailed statistics in order to present clear picture on the use and effectiveness of mediation.
To the Bar Association
- Considering the various observed examples when lawyers failed to act in accordance with the principles of professionalism, competence, diligence and respect of the Court, it is recommended to warn and sanction the attorneys who failed to comply with the ethical standards encoded in the Code of Professional Ethics of the Lawyers.
To the Legislator:
- Considering comprehensive overview of the state of play in civil proceedings given by this Report, it is recommended to legislator to take into consideration all proposed legislative interventions particularly those related to: - The Law on Free Legal Aid; - Modification of some time limits set by the Law on Civil Procedure for taking certain procedural actions by the court and ensure realistic implementation of these provisions; - Modification of the legal framework related to the court appointed experts; - Amendments of the Law on State Administration in order to provide better assistance to the Courts; - Ratification of certain international instruments for mutual legal assistance in civil matters.
PROJEKAT PRA ENJA SU ENJA IZVJEŠTAJ jun 2009. - avgust 2010. Opšti zaklju ci i preporuke
Projekat implementiran od strane Misije OEBSa u Crnoj Gori uz finansijsku podršku Kraljevine Holandije i Velikog Vojvodstva Luksemburga Opšti zaklju ci i preporuke Na osnovu detaljnih nalaza i razmatranja prezentiranih u razli itim djelovima Izvještaja Projekta pra enja su enja za period jun 2009. – avgust 2010. godine, utvr eni su slijede i osnovni zaklju ci i preporuke:
KRIVI NI POSTUPCI
Sudovima:
- Razmatraju i primjer prakse kada sudije, neposredno pred po etak glavnog pretresa, razgovaraju samo sa jednom strankom u postupku, može se dati preporuka sudu da mora poštovati pravilo da stranke ne smiju biti prisutne u sudnici prije zvani nog po etka su enja. Ako se glavni pretres održava u sudijskoj kancelariji, moraju se preduzeti adekvatne mjere da bi se izbjegla takva situacija. U tom smislu, preporu uje se da Vrhovni sud po ovom pitanju donese preporuku za sve sudove;
- U vezi sa pravom na žalbu i nepristrasnost suda, ukoliko je sudija u estvovao u donošenju odluke prvog stepena, on mora biti izuzet iz vije a koje odlu uje po žalbi protiv prvostepene odluke;
- Imaju i u vidu primije enu praksu da neki osnovni sudovi i dalje ne isti u liste zakazanih su enja na oglasnim tablama, preporu uje se da se iste isti u na oglasnim tablama sudova, kao i da se redovno nedeljno ažuriraju u skladu sa novouspostavljenom praksom velikog broja ostalih sudova. Treba razmotriti mogu nost imenovanja kontakt osoba koje e prikupljati informacije o zakazanim su enjima od svakog sudije i dostavljati te podatke upravitelju sudske pisarnice, u cilju isticanja na oglasnim tablama i web stranicama za nedjelju dana unaprijed;
- Preporu uje se javno publikovanje sudskih odluka i slije enje uzorne prakse Vrhovnog i Upravnog suda Crne Gore, kao i novouvedene prakse objavljivanja odluka na sajtu viših sudova;
- Preporu uje se da svi osnovni sudovi uvedu zvani ne web stranice, kao što su to uradili sudovi u sudsjednim zemljama, gdje se mogu na i i dostupni su javnosti izvještaji, publikacije, sudska praksa, liste zakazanih su enja, statistika itd.;
- Uzimaju i u obzir nedostatak prostornih kapaciteta u sudovima i mogu nost izgradnje novih zgrada sudova i/ili rekonstrukciju postoje ih, neophodno je ponoviti da treba obratiti pažnju na sve aspekte ije e ispunjenje voditi unaprije enju uslova za rad i poštovanja na ela javnosti su enja; Adekvatne sudnice tako e treba da obezbijede odgovaraju u komunikaciju izme u optuženih i njhovih branioca; - Imaju i u vidu nedovoljan prostor u sudovima, a koji uti e na pravo javnosti da prisustvuje su enjima, kao što je to pomenuto u prethodnom izvještaju, treba razmotriti mogu nosti ograni avanja održavanja glavnih pretresa u sudijskim kancelarijama i to kroz unaprije enje organizacije i koordinacije prilikom zakazivanja su enja;
- Uprkos preporukama datim u prethodnoj godini, nije primije en zna ajan napredak kada je rije o pitanjima obezbije enja u sudovima. Potrebno je sprovoditi jedinstvenu praksu obezbje enja za sve sudove u Crnoj Gori. Uniformnost takve prakse može se uspostaviti formiranjem posebnih policijskih jedinica koje e se isklju ivo starati o bezbjednosti sudskog osoblja i administracije unutar zgrada sudova. Tako e, predlaže se organizovanje redovnih sastanaka šefova obezbije enja svih Službi obezbije enja sudova u Crnoj Gori, u cilju razmjene iskustava i ocjene rezultata njhovog rada. Zainteresovanoj publici treba omogu iti da prisustvuje su enjima i to bez navo enja razloga ili dobijanja odobrenja od suda;
- Razmatraju i praksu da je zainteresovana javnost, naro ito rodbina optuženih i dalje onemogu ena da prisustvuje objavljivanju presude zbog ograni enih prostornih kapaciteta, kada se o ekuje prisustvo javnosti u ve em broju, preporu uje se preduzimanje adekvatnih mjera u cilju obezbije enja jednakih uslova kako bi rodbina optuženih, zainteresovana javnost i mediji mogu prisustvovati donošenju presude;
- S obzirom na zabilježeni primjer, kada je sudijski pripravnik bio prevodilac na su enju, iako nije zvani no postavljen/na od strane Ministarstva pravde, sud se podsje a da nastavi da poštuje pravo optuženog na obezbje enje prevodioca u svim fazama krivi nog postupka, u skladu sa propisima;
- Odlaganje glavnog pretresa je i dalje u estala pojava, ukupno 53 (22.27%) glavna pretresa su bila odložena, i to u ukupnom uzorku od 238 posmatranih glavih pretresa, što zna i, blizu jedne etvrtine svih glavnih pretresa je bilo odloženo. Naj eš i razlozi odlaganja glavnih pretresa su bili: neopravdani nedolazak svjedoka u 12 slu ajeva (22.64%); odsustvo optuženog je bio razlog odlaganja u 11 slu ajeva ( 20.76%); nedolazak branioca je zapažen kao razlog odlaganja u 10 slu ajeva (20.76%), odsustvo državnog tužioca je bio razlog odlaganja u 7 slu ajeva (13.26%). U ovom dijelu, odre ivanje dopunskog sudije se i dalje preporu uje, kao što je to primije eno u jednom predmetu pred Višim sudom u Bijelom Polju. Bolje planiranje zakazivanja glavnih pretresa, odre ivanje dopunskih sudija za one predmete za koje je izvjesno da e duže trajati, kao i planiranje rasporeda koriš enja sudnica, tako da se potpuno preduprijedi odlaganje su enja zbog nepotpunog sastava vije a, odnosno, nedolaska sudija. Dalje, preporuka je da sud više koristi raspoložive sankcije (kao što je nov ana kazna) protiv onih u esnika postupka iji je neopravdani nedolazak doveo do odlaganja glavnog pretresa. Odgovaraju a i efikasna komunikacija i saradnja izme u sudova i drugih državnih organa, zaduženih za izvršavanje naloga sudova, treba da bude obezbije ena u cilju izbjegavanja odlaganja postupaka zbog neizršavanja naloga suda od strane ovih organa; - Imaju i u vidu posebnu osjetljivost svjedoka/žrtava u predmetima ratnih zlo ina, treba koristiti poseban na in saslušavanja svjedoka, upotrebu video linka, a posebno kada su svjedoci locirani izvan teritorije Crne Gore; - Imaju i u vidu uo enu dobru prakse podrške svjedocima ošte enima u predmetima ratnih zlo ina, preporu uje se i dalje primjena ovakve prakse, kao što je kreiranje i distribucija informativnih brošura za svjedoke ošte ene u svim relevantnim slu ajevima; - Bez obzira na nepostojanje odgovaraju ih prostorija u kojima bi svjedoci ekali na prozivku suda, predsjednici sude ih vije a treba da primijene adekvatne mjere u cilju sprije avanja komunikacije izme u svjedoka i drugih u esnika krivi nog postupka; - Imaju i u vidu primije enu praksu, i dalje se preporu uje ja anje i primjena sredstava regionalne i me unarodne pravosudne saradnje u krivi nim stvarima, posebno ustupanje krivi nog gonjenja onda kada se mogu javiti pitanja u vezi sa ekstradicijom, kako bi se izbjeglo su enje u odsustvu i odlaganja postupka; - Nedavne inicijative za zaklju enje bilateralnih sporazuma o me unarodnoj pravnoj pomo i u krivi nim stvarima i ekstradiciji su dobrodošle i treba ih podsticati i dalje; - Me unarodna sudska saradnja u krivi nim stvarima treba da bude oja ana, u cilju efikasnije i efektivnije me unarodne pravne pomo i ime bi se izbjegla nepotrebna odlaganja sudskih postupaka i unaprijedila primjena osnovnih na ela prava na su enje u razumnom roku. U ovom smislu, treba razmotriti mogu nosti za dalja usavršavanja nosilaca pravosudne funkcije, kao i distribuciju razli itih priru nika; - U svim slu ajevima kada se optuženi nalaze u pritvoru, sudovi treba da postupaju sa naro itom hitnoš u, kao što je to predvi eno lanom 147 stav 2. ZKP-a; - Imaju i u vidu uo enu u estalost odre ivanja pritvora kao i nedovoljnu obrazloženost odluka o odre ivanju pritvora, svaki zakonom predvi eni razlog mora biti obrazložen, uz davanje dovoljno opravdanih injenica za njegovo izricanje; sudovi u praksi moraju koristiti i druge mjere za obezbje ivanje prisustva osumnji enog prilikom su enja, koje su propisane zakonom, a prije svega institut jemstva; - Preporu uje se da se na lokalni jezik prevedu i distribuiraju svim sudovima i Centru za obuku nosilaca pravosudne funkcije Pravila o pritvoru, uslovima u pritvoru i zaštiti od zloupotrebe koja su pomenuta u Preporuci Komiteta ministara Savjeta Evrope od 27. septembra 2006. godine.
Advokatskoj komori: - Razmatraju i primije ene slu ajeve kada branioci ne postupaju u skladu sa na elima profesionalizma, kompetencije, marljivosti i poštovanja suda, preporu uje se sankcionisanje advokata koji ne poštuju propisane standarde profesionalnog ponašanja advokata; - Imaju i u vidu nedovoljnu angažovanost branioca postavljenih od strane suda po službenoj dužnosti, adekvatne mjere treba preduzeti u cilju popravljanja ove situacije. Advokatska komora treba stalno da kontroliše aktivnosti advokata postavljenih po službenoj dužnosti;
- Imaju i u vidu da je jedan od osnovnih razloga odlaganja su enja odsustvo branioca, preporu uje se da, kada su sprije eni da prisustvuju glavnom pretresu i kada je to mogu e, a okrivljeni je sa tim saglasan, advokati prenesu punomo na svoje zamjenike i na taj na in omogu e odvijanje su enja; - Imaju i u vidu primije enu neinformisanost advokata u odnosu na relevantne zakonske propise, preporu uje se da se osigura da advokati budu upoznati sa novim zakonodavstvom o dužini trajanja postupaka, kao što je Zakon o zaštiti prava na su enje u razumnom roku. Tako e, treba razmotriti mogu nost organizovanja edukacije o ovim pitanjima.
Državnom tužilaštvu:
- Imaju i u vidu da je odsustvo državnog tužioca jedan od estih razloga odlaganja postupka, preporu uje se bolja organizacija profesionalnih obaveza kako bi se obezbijedilo prisustvo su enjima i izbjegla odlaganja;
- Tužilaštvo treba da obrati pažnju na pažljivu pripremu svih elemenata optužnice koji se odnose na predlaganje dokaza, u cilju izbjegavanja grešaka koje se mogu pojaviti tokom glavnog pretresa i u cilju postizanja adekvatne profesionalnosti.
Zakonodavcu: - Kako prethodno data preporuka, da se u ZKP-u uvede sankcija za kršenje pretpostavke nevinosti, nije uzeta u obzir, treba razmotriti preispitivanje lana 25 Zakona o medijima, kako bi što jasnije upu ivao na pretpostavku nevinosti; - Imaju i u vidu posebnu osjetljivost svjedoka i ošte enih u odre enim predmetima, preporu uje se upotreba video linka, kao posebnog na ina saslušavanja, kao i unaprije enje zakonskih mogu nosti za omogu avanje davanja svjedo kog iskaza putem video konferencijeske veze, u slu ajevima kada se fizi ko prisustvo svjedoka ne može obezbijediti pred sudom.
Medijima:
- Imaju i u vidu da pretpostavka nevinosti nije u potpunosti poštovana od strane medija, preporu uju se posebne obuke za novinare i urednike u odnosu na poštovanje principa pretpostavke nevinosti od strane medija tokom izvještavanja o krivi nim postupcima. PARNI NI POSTUPCI
Sudovima:
- Nedavno usvojeni Zakon o zabrani diskriminacije nalaže da sve javne površine i objekti moraju biti prilago eni potrebama lica sa invaliditetom ukoliko je to finansijski mogu e. U tom cilju se preporu uje državi da pruži pomo sudovima kako bi prilagodili sudske zgrade u cilju zadovoljenja potreba lica sa invaliditetom;
- Imaju i u vidu djelotvornu primjenu Zakona o besplatnoj pravnoj pomo i nakon njegovog usvajanja, posebnu pažnju treba posvetiti organizaciji promotivnih aktivnosti kako bi se sa rješenjima zakona upoznali kako pripadnici pravosudnog sistema tako i šira javnost;
- Razmatraju i primije eni nedostatak informacija o javnom i redovnom ažuriranju informacija vezanih za zakazivanje su enja u nekim osnovnim sudovima, preporu uje se postavljanje liste zakazanih su enja na odgovaraju im javnim oglasnim tablama i redovno ažuriranje istih u svim osnovnim sudovima. Pored toga, preporu uje da osnovni sudovi izrade web prezentacije po ugledu na prvostepene parni ne sudove u okruženju koji na svojim web stranicama postavljaju publikacije, izvještaje, raspored su enja, statistiku i ostale važne informacije o njhovom radu;
- Razmatraju i primije eni nedostatak prostora i konstatan progresivni priliv parni nih predmeta, što može uticati na pravo na javnost sudskog postupka, preporu uje se vo enje postupaka u sudnicama umjesto u sudijskim kancelarijama samo u slu ajevima kada postoji poja ano interesovanje javnosti za slu aj;
- Kao glavni razlozi odlaganja ro išta navodili su se: stranke u postupku su zahtijevale odlaganje (26.1 %), odsustvo vještaka i predaja nalaza i mišljenja sa zakašnjenjem (19.1 %), odsustvo sudije i izmjena sudija izme u ro išta (13.9 %), neadekvatna saradnja organa državne uprave (5.2 %) itd. Pored toga, zahtijevi za odlaganjem, produženje rokova i dodatne prilike za ponošenje podnesaka i izvo enje dokaza su velikodušno tolerisani i odobravani. Imaju i u vidu ovakvu praksu i injenicu da je ZPP zasnovan na na elu kontradiktornosti, preporu uje se sudu da:
- eš e koristi široka diskreciona ovlaš enja da sankcioniše nemarno, oportunisti ko ponašanje i taktike odlaganja kojima se služe u esnici u postupku;
- sprovede koncetrisano su enje umjesto niza kra ih sastanaka suda i stranaka tokom više mjeseci u skladu sa preporukom R (84) 5 Komiteta ministara Savjeta Evrope i lanom 13. ZPP-a; - bolje iskoristi pripremno ro ište i odredi plan aktivnosti u ranoj fazi postupka a na osnovu konsultacija sa strankama, koji bi sadržao procjenu vremena za završetak parni nog postupka;
- podsti e sve inioce pravosudnog sistema da koriste tehnologiju posebno ako imamo u vidu da je zakon priznao sudsku vrijednost elektronskim dokumentima pod uslovom da im se obezbijedi integritet što umnogome smanjuje troškove. Posebno se ima u vidu elektronsko podnošenje ili razmjena dokumenata vezanih za parnicu.
- Razmatraju i injenicu da je jedan od glavnih razloga za odlaganje neopravdano odsustvo uredno pozvanog vještaka ili kašnjenje vještaka sa podnošenjem nalaza i mišljenja, preporu uje se da u slu ajevima kada pojedini vještaci konstantno vrše neuredno ili nestru no vješta enje kako je to definisano Zakonom o sudskim vještacima, sudije ili predsjednici sudova treba da podnesu predlog za razrešenje takvih vještaka Komisiji za postavljanje i razrešenje vještaka;
- Razmatraju i da je odre eni broj ro išta odložen zbog nedovoljne saradnje organa državne uprave, preporu uje se da predsjednici sudova primjene lan 22 Zakona o zaštiti prava na su enje u razumnom roku i podnesu inicijativu da se protiv lica koje ne postupi po njegovom nalogu za dostavu tražene dokumentacije u odre enom roku, pokrene disciplinski postupak, odnosno da se pokrene postupak za razrješenje;
- Razmatraju i injenicu da i pored toga što godišnji izvještaji Sudskog savjeta daju sveobuhvatan pregled rada sudova, preporu uje se da se šira javnost upozna sa opštim statisti kim i drugim podacima o trajanju postupaka i to prema vrsti spora. Korisno je za ovu svrhu iskoristiti Kontrolnu listu za upravljanje vremenom koju je izradila Komisija za efikasnost pravnih sistema (CEPEJ) Savjeta Evrope. Lista sadrži pokazatelje za analizu dužine trajanja postupaka u pravosudnom sistemu. Na taj na in bi se pomogla izrada statisti kih podataka koji bi bili uporedivi izme u država lanica Savjeta Evrope;
- Imaju i u vidu o uvanje dostojanstva suda, potrebno je da sudije ne dozvole nametanje pritiska bilo kakve vrste, posebno od strane stranaka kao što je primije eno;
- Razmatraju i injenicu da mehanizam posredovanja stranke ne koriste u dovoljnoj mjeri, preporu uje se da sud bolje i eš e koristi svoje ovlaš enje da zastane sa postupkom i ostavi vremena strankama da na u mirno rješenje spora koriste i alternativne na ine rješavanja spora, prije svega posredovanje.
Profesionalnom udruženju vještaka
- Imaju i u vidu da je veliki broj ro išta odložen zbog (ne)postupanja sudskih vještaka, preporu uje se Profesionalnom udruženju vještaka da sa ini Eti ki kodeks kako bi se ja e promovisali eti ki standardi prilikom obavljanja vješta enja. Potrebno je zatim predvidjeti sankcije koje bi udruženje izreklo u slu ajevima kršenja eti kih standarda propisanih tim kodeksom.
Centru za medijaciju
- Uzimaju i u obzir važnost mehanizma posredovanja za doprinos efikasnosti parni nog postupka, preporu uje se da Centar za medijaciju nastavi sa promotivnim aktivnostima u ovom pravcu. Osim indeksa uspješnosti, Centar bi mogao da razvija i ostale vrste statisti kih prikaza kako bi se imao jasniji uvid u djelotvornost posredovanja.
Advokatskoj komori
- Razmatraju i primije ene primjere kada branioci ne postupaju u skladu sa na elima profesionalizma, kompetencije, marljivosti i poštovanja suda, preporu uje se sankcionisanje advokata koji ne poštuju standarde profesionalnog ponašanja advokata.
Zakonodavcu
- Uzimaju i u obzir sveobuhvatni pregled stanja gra anskog postupka u ovom izvještaju, preporu uje se zakonodavcu da uzme u razmatranje sve predložene zakonodavne intervencije, posebno one koje se odnose na: - Zakon o besplatnoj pravnoj pomo i; - Reviziju odre enih zakonskih rokova za preduzimanje radnji suda; - Izmjenu zakonodavanog okvira koji se odnosi na sudske vještake; - Izmjene Zakona o državnoj upravi; - Usvajanje odre enih me unarodnih instrumenata za me unarodnu pravnu pomo u gra anskim stvarima.