Annual Report of the Secretary General on Police-Related Activities in 2018

Transnational Annual Report of the Secretary General on Police-Related Activities 2018 The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe is

The World’s Largest Regional Security Organization working to ensure peace, democracy and stability for more than a billion people between Vancouver and Vladivostok.

This report is submitted in accordance with Decision 9, paragraph 6, of the Bucharest Ministerial Council Meeting, 4 December 2001

© OSCE 2019

All rights reserved. The contents of this publication may be freely used and copied for educational and other non-commercial purposes, provi- ded that any such reproduction be accompanied by an acknowledgement of the OSCE as the source.

OSCE Secretariat Transnational Threats Department Strategic Police Matters Unit Wallnerstrasse 6 1010 Vienna, Austria

E-mail: spmu@osce.org http://www.osce.org/secretariat/policing http://polis.osce.org Table of Contents Preface by the Osce Secretary General 2

1. Executive Summary 5

2. Activities of the Transnational Threats Department 13 2.1 TNTD/Co-ordination Cell 14 2.2 TNTD/Strategic Police Matters Unit 16 2.3 TNTD/Action against Terrorism Unit 25 2.4 TNTD/Border Security and Management Unit 29

3. Police-Related Activities of other Thematic Units 33 3.1 Gender Section 34 3.2 Office of the Co-ordinator of Economic and Environmental Activities 36 3.3 Office of the Special Representative and Co-ordinator for Combating Trafficking in Human Beings 38

4. Police-Related Activities of Field Operations 43

SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPE 44 4.1 Presence in Albania 44 4.2 Mission to Bosnia and Herzegovina 50 4.3 Mission in Kosovo 57 4.4 Mission to Montenegro 80 4.5 Mission to Serbia 85 4.6 Mission to Skopje 96

EASTERN EUROPE 105 4.7 Mission to Moldova 105 4.8 Project Co-ordinator in Ukraine 108

CENTRAL ASIA 112 4.9 Centre in Ashgabat 112 4.10 Programme Office in Bishkek 119 4.11 Programme Office in Dushanbe 123 4.12 Programme Office in Nur-Sultan 127 4.13 Project Co-ordinator in Uzbekistan 136

Appendices 147 Appendix 1: ODIHR Annual Report on Police-Related Activities for 2018 148 Appendix 2: OSCE main Co-operation Partners on Police-Related Activities 155 Appendix 3: OSCE MC and PC Decisions and Action Plans with a Focus on Police-Related Activities 157 Appendix 4: Abbreviations and Acronyms 163 Appendix 5: Contact Details 166

1  Foreword by the Secretary General

The OSCE’s police-related activities form a significant contribution to the Organization’s mandate on conflict prevention, crisis management and post-conflict rehabilitation. Policing activities cut across all three OSCE security dimensions and draw on the combined strength of the OSCE’s institutions and its network of field operations.

Based on a comprehensive set of mandates and tasks – provided by various Ministerial Council and Permanent Council decisions since 1998 – the OSCE continues to share best practices throughout the OSCE region and to engage in initiatives to develop professional skills that will prepare law enforcement for current and future challenges. The OSCE promotes innovative, proactive and transparent policing methods to address a range of security issues, including those emanating from transnational threats such as organized crime and terrorism, cybercrime, trafficking in human beings, arms and illicit drugs. All these security issues transcend national borders, and addressing such challenges requires effective international co-operation and co-ordination. The OSCE also contributed to such co-operation through a number of events and training activities where law enforcement officials from different countries meet to share ideas and best practices.

In 2018, the Annual Police Experts Meeting on “Future Policing Strategies: Addressing Trends and Changes in a Globalized World” and the OSCE Conference on “Strategic Approaches to the Reduction of Supply and Demand of Illicit Drugs” attracted strong interest. These events brought together experts and practitioners from OSCE participating States and Partners for Co-operation, OSCE executive structures, international and regional organizations and civil society.

2 Over the last few years, we have witnessed a gradual shift in the focus of the OSCE’s police- related activities, demonstrating the Organization’s ability to adapt its activities to changing security challenges facing our region.

Activities related to general police development and reform, constituting around two-thirds of the total number of activities in 2018, focused predominantly on community policing initiatives, police-public partnerships, and gender-based and domestic violence. There was a notable increase in activities on gender-based and domestic violence, as well as on human rights and police accountability.

Capacity-building initiatives to counter threats posed by criminal activity focused primarily on counter-terrorism, trafficking in human beings and migration-related crime. Activities related to counter-terrorism and cybercrime both increased in 2018.

The OSCE’s engagement in police-related activities remains crucial in an age when security challenges are evolving at a rapid speed. This report demonstrates the OSCE’s strong commitment to continue strengthening the capacity of law enforcement services to effectively address these challenges throughout our region.

Thomas Greminger OSCE Secretary General

3  1 Executive Summary

5  Executive Summary

The Annual Report of the Secretary General on Police- With regard to the other main category, threats posed by Related Activities provides an overview of all police- criminal activity, events related to counter-terrorism and related programmes and projects implemented in 2018 P/C VERLT1, THB and migration-related crime were most by the OSCE executive structures, including the thematic prominent, representing almost 40 per cent of all activities units of the Secretariat, the field operations and Office for recorded in this category. Counter-terrorism and P/C VERLT Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR). The activities constitute one fourth of all those undertaken in the activities outlined and described in this report are based category of threats posed by criminal activity, a considerable on a comprehensive list of mandates and tasks, which have increase from the previous years, from 54 in 2016, to 92 in been provided by various Ministerial Council (MC) and 2017 and 130 in 2018. The number of capacity-building and Permanent Council (PC) decisions since 1998. A summary training activities related to cybercrime also rose substantially of all MC and PC decisions and action plans with a focus on between 2017 and 2018, from 37 to 65. police-related activities is provided in Appendix 3. Notwithstanding the unchanged OSCE mandate on police- The OSCE continued to provide police assistance in two major related activities, the focus of the OSCE’s police-related categories: 1) general police development and reform, and activities has shifted since 2015. In 2018, activities related to 2) countering threats posed by criminal activity, including human rights and police accountability, and gender-based organized crime, terrorism, trafficking in illicit drugs and and domestic violence, increased in comparison to the past chemical precursors, trafficking in human beings (THB), and three years. On the other hand the total number of activities cybercrime. related to the fight against organized crime has decreased substantially from 50 in 2015 to 28 in 2016, 15 in 2017 and Similar to 2017, a total of 60 per cent of police-related activities eight in 2018. Nevertheless, the total number of activities organized and delivered by the OSCE executive structures addressing threats posed by criminal activity have increased were dedicated to addressing general police development and gradually from 2015 to 2018. reform (see tables on the following three pages). Within that category, the number of activities on human rights and police accountability increased substantially between 2017 and 2018, predominantly in South-Eastern Europe. On the other hand, the number of activities related to gender and ethnic mainstreaming decreased significantly. A noticeable decrease has also occurred in activities to strengthen specialized investigations units and forensics, from 44 in 2015 to six in 2018. Activities dedicated to enhancing human rights and police accountability, community policing and police-public partnership, as well as gender-based and domestic violence projects, remained predominant. These three most frequent types represented 56 per cent of the total number of activities within the category of police development and reform.

1 Preventing and countering violent extremism and radicalization that lead to terrorism.

6  Executive Summary

2018 Total Number of Police-Related Activities Analysis of Information Lessons Exchange / Learned, Institution and Assessments Activity Capacity-Building Training and Guidelines Total General Police Development and Reform Police Monitoring and Confidence-Building 10 0 0 10 Police Development and Reform within 39 34 8 81 Security Sector Reform Strategic Planning including Threat 1 0 2 3 Assessments Human Resources / Police Management 6 0 5 11 Human Rights and Police Accountability 10 31 126 167 Anti-Corruption 8 57 0 65 Gender and Ethnic Mainstreaming 14 2 3 19 60 % Community Policing, Police-Public Relations 102 28 13 143 and Crime Prevention Gender-based and Domestic Violence 64 42 16 122 Hate Crime 61 11 8 80 Specialized Investigations Units / Forensics 3 1 2 6 Public Order and Crisis Management 15 5 16 36 Other, including co-ordination and 11 2 14 27 co-operation 770 Threats Posed by Criminal Activity Organized Crime 6 0 2 8 Criminal Investigations and Analysis 0 3 0 3 Financial Investigations, Anti-Money 22 14 3 39 Laundering and Seizures of Criminal Proceeds Cross-Border Co-operation in 21 23 6 50 Criminal Matters Counter-Terrorism & P/C VERLT 63 47 20 130 40% Illicit Drugs and Chemical Precursors 15 10 2 27 Trafficking in Human Beings & 42 31 36 109 Migration-related Crime Cybercrime 15 29 21 65 Border Security and Management / Customs 16 29 24 69 Other 14 2 0 16 516 Total 558 401 195 1286

7 2018 Police-Related Activities Matrix

OSCE SECRETARIAT OSCE AND INSTITUTIONS FIELD OPERATIONS

Montenegro

Uzbekistan OSR/CTHB

Nur-Sultan Dushanbe Ashgabat GENDER

Moldova Bishkek

Ukraine Kosovo Albania OCEEA

Skopje ODIHR

Serbia BSMU SPMU ATU

BiH CC Activity

General Police Development and Reform Police Monitoring and Confidence-Building Police Development and Reform within Security Sector Reform Strategic Planning including Threat Assessments Human Resources / Police Management Human Rights and Police Accountability Anti-Corruption Gender and Ethnic Mainstreaming Community Policing, Police-Public Relations and Crime Prevention Gender-based and Domestic Violence Hate Crime Specialized Investigations Units / Forensics Public Order and Crisis Management Other, including co-ordination and co-operation Threats Posed by Criminal Activity Organized Crime Criminal Investigations and Analysis Financial Investigations, Anti-Money Laundering and Seizures of Criminal Proceeds Cross-Border Co-operation in Criminal Matters Counter-Terrorism & P/C VERLT Illicit Drugs and Chemical Precursors Trafficking in Human Beings & Migration-related Crime Cybercrime Border Security and Management / Customs Other

8  Executive Summary

2018 Total Number of Police-Related Activities – all OSCE executive structures

Activity 2015 2016 2017 2018 General Police Development and Reform Police Monitoring and Confidence-Building 64 11 12 10 Police Development and Reform within Security Sector Reform 154 150 89 81 Strategic Planning including Threat Assessments 25 7 11 3 Human Resources / Police Management 0 7 3 11 Human Rights and Police Accountability 0 51 25 167 Anti-Corruption 32 20 34 65 Gender and Ethnic Mainstreaming 9 35 104 19 Community Policing, Police-Public Relations and Crime 338 159 185 143 Prevention Gender-based and Domestic Violence 69 59 109 122 Hate Crime 41 117 50 80 Specialized Investigations Units / Forensics 44 24 12 6 Public Order and Crisis Management 23 19 12 36 Other, including co-ordination and co-operation 4 34 61 27 803 693 707 770 Threats Posed by Criminal Activity Organized Crime 50 28 15 8 Criminal Investigations and Analysis 21 19 5 3 Financial Investigations, Anti-Money Laundering and 17 28 22 39 Seizures of Criminal Proceeds Cross-Border Co-operation in Criminal Matters 28 23 34 50 Counter-Terrorism & P/C VERLT 55 54 92 130 Illicit Drugs and Chemical Precursors 34 30 39 27 Trafficking in Human Beings & Migration-related Crime 66 89 145 109 Cybercrime 35 32 37 65 Border Security and Management / Customs 23 35 78 69 Other 21 14 22 16 350 352 489 516 Total 1153 1045 1196 1286

9  Activities of The Border Security and Management Unit (TNTD/BSMU) continued to strengthen the OSCE Border Security and the OSCE Secretariat Management National Focal Points Network, along with providing training and capacity development activities to border security and management services of participating The Co-ordination Cell of the Transnational Threats States and Partners for Co-operation to support their efforts Department (TNTD/CC) continued enhancing the POLIS to promote open and secure borders. Furthermore, TNTD/ online information system and organized online forums and BSMU provided frontline officers with training on detecting video conferences to assist activities related to addressing forgery of travel documents. In 2018, TNTD/BSMU transnational threats. TNTD’s Cyber Security Officer organized six deployment missions of the newly established supported participating States in the implementation of OSCE OSCE Mobile Training Team delivering on-site training on confidence-building measures (CBMs) for enhancing global identifying and interviewing potential FTFs. Furthermore, cyber stability, and co-organized several working groups and the unit organized activities to promote and adopt Advance events promoting an OSCE cross-dimensional approach to Passenger Information (API) and Passenger Name Records cyber/ICT security. (PNR) systems.

The Strategic Police Matters Unit (TNTD/SPMU) maintained The Gender Section assisted the OSCE’s executive structures its co-ordination role of OSCE’s police-related activities in promoting a gender perspective within police-related throughout the OSCE’s executive structures, including through activities, in line with UN Security Council Resolution 1325 co-ordination meetings with representatives of the OSCE field on Women, Peace and Security (UNSCR 1325). As part of this operations, held in Vienna, South-Eastern Europe and Central process, the OSCE Secretariat developed the Implementation Asia. TNTD/SPMU provided support to participating States Roadmap 2017-2020 to guide the work of departments and and field operations in the areas of police development and units along the lines of the OSCE 2004 Action Plan for the reform and the fight against transnational crime, through Promotion of Gender Equality. The Gender Section continued assessments, development of guidance material, capacity- to raise the awareness of OSCE staff and participating States building, training courses, conferences and workshops. TNTD/ on gender issues by organizing side events held on the margins SPMU activities were dedicated to addressing threats posed by of OSCE meetings. criminal activity, as well as, to a similar degree, general police development and reform. A significant emphasis was placed The Economic Governance Unit of the Office of the Co- on cybercrime to assess and enhance the existing capacities ordinator of OSCE Economic and Environmental Activities of investigating and prosecuting cybercrime cases. Other (OCEEA) worked to enhance police-related activities while TNTD/SPMU relevant focus areas included gender-based and addressing a wide range of issues regarding good governance, domestic violence, intelligence-led policing (ILP) and activities anti-corruption and anti-money laundering. The Office co- related to combating illicit drugs. operated closely with relevant thematic units in the Secretariat, the OSCE field operations and partner organizations, such as The Action against Terrorism Unit (TNTD/ATU) is the the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), the OSCE’s focal point on counter-terrorism activities. The World Bank, the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) and the unit promoted the international legal framework and co- Eurasian Group on Combating Money Laundering and the operation in criminal matters related to terrorism through Financing of Terrorism (EAG). several roundtable meetings, workshops, training courses and conferences. Significant attention was devoted to countering The Office of the Special Representative and Co-ordinator the use of the internet for terrorist purposes, as well as to for Combating Trafficking in Human Beings (OSR/CTHB) events and exercises related to national risk assessments co-operates with relevant thematic units in the OSCE and crisis situation management on non-nuclear critical Secretariat and field operations to deliver projects and joint energy infrastructure protection. Furthermore, TNTD/ATU activities through its network of Anti-Trafficking Focal Points. organized and delivered several capacity-building activities In 2018, it focused on fostering the exchange of experience aiming at strengthening criminal justice responses to terrorism between criminal justice institutions on the prosecution of financing, the threat of foreign terrorist fighters (FTFs) and trafficking offenders, as well as on the protection of victims P/C VERLT. and the investigation of sexual crimes. Furthermore, the Office continued to organize training courses, workshops and innovative live simulation-based exercises for prosecutors, law enforcement officers, lawyers, military personnel and border guards.

10  Executive Summary

Activities of Field Operations In Central Asia, 53 per cent of the field operations’ activities were dedicated to threats posed by criminal activity, while the remaining 47 per cent focused on police development and In South-Eastern Europe, 71 per cent of all police-related reform. Although both percentages are similar, the number activities focused on general police development and reform, of events organized in the region by the field operations the main areas being human rights, police accountability varied considerably. While the OSCE Centre in Ashgabat, the and community policing. The most significant proportion of OSCE Programme Office in Nur-Sultan (then Astana) and activities related to threats posed by criminal activity focused the OSCE Project Co-ordinator in Uzbekistan mainly focused on counter-terrorism and P/C VERLT. The OSCE Presence on initiatives related to threats posed by criminal activity, in Albania, the OSCE Mission to Montenegro and the OSCE the OSCE Programme Office in Dushanbe and the OSCE Mission to Skopje mostly addressed threats posed by criminal Programme Office in Bishkek devoted most of their activities activity, whereas around three quarters of all activities to general police reform and development. delivered by the OSCE Mission in Kosovo, the OSCE Mission to Bosnia and Herzegovina and the OSCE Mission to Serbia concentrated on police development and reform. Activities of OSCE Institutions In Eastern Europe, the OSCE Mission to Moldova concentrated slightly over 86 per cent of its police-related activities on police development and reform, under the topics ODIHR was the only OSCE institution involved in police- of gender-based and domestic violence and of hate crime. The related activities in 2018. The Office continued to promote remaining activities of its work to address threats posed by the inclusion of human rights into the teaching and training criminal activities focused on human trafficking. The OSCE curricula of police institutions. As in previous years, particular Project Co-ordinator in Ukraine reported 63 per cent of its emphasis was placed on addressing hate crimes within the police-related activities in police development and reform, Office’s comprehensive Training against Hate Crimes for Law with gender-based and domestic violence being the most Enforcement (TAHCLE) programme. prevalent activities.

11  2 Activities of the Transnational Threats Department

13  2.1 TNTD/Co-ordination Cell

Introduction In accordance with the 2011 Vilnius MC Decision No. 9/11 on Strengthening Co-ordination and Coherence in the OSCE’s Efforts to Address Transnational Threats, the Transnational Threats Department (TNTD) became operational on 1 January 2012. Its purpose is to optimize the support provided to the Secretary General, the Chairmanship-in-Office and the participating States and Partners for Co-operation on matters related to transnational threats. Headed by the Co-ordinator of the OSCE Activities to Address Transnational Threats, the main tasks of TNTD are to act as a focal point for organization-wide programmatic activities that relate to countering transnational threats, and to ensure co-ordination and coherence of actions across all three OSCE dimensions, and among all OSCE executive structures, while ensuring their mandates are respected.

TNTD consists of a Co-ordination Cell (TNTD/CC), dealing with cyber/information and communication technologies (ICTs) security issues and providing online information support; and three thematic units: the Action against Terrorism Unit (TNTD/ATU), the Border Security and Management Unit (TNTD/BSMU) and the Strategic Police Matters Unit (TNTD/SPMU).

Cyber/ICT Security TNTD also contributed to four IWG meetings set up under Throughout 2018, TNTD’s Cyber Security Officer supported PC.DEC/1039, as well as to the Chairmanship conference participating States with the implementation of OSCE CBMs on the topics of building cyber resilience through nurturing to reduce the risks of conflict stemming from the use of and retaining cyber/ICT security expertise, public-private information and communication technologies, as emphasized partnerships and examining potential ways forward for in MC.DEC/5/17, and made more concrete through the enhancing global cyber stability. Moreover, TNTD organized “Adopt-a-CBM” initiative, launched by the Chair of the a third sub-regional training in Bucharest, Romania, to further Informal Working Group (IWG), which was set up pursuant promote the understanding on effective communication and to PC.DEC/1039. co-ordination between participating States during significant cyber/ICT incidents.

As part of promoting international coherence related to cyber/ ICT security labours and promoting pertinent OSCE efforts, TNTD continued its engagement in the Global Forum on Cyber Expertise (GFCE), which brings together 50 States and organizations working jointly on practical initiatives to strengthen cyber/ICT security, fight cybercrime, protect online data and support e-governance. The OSCE is a member of the GFCE Working Group on Cyber Security Strategies, which collects best practices, and assessments, and works on international components of cyber/ICT security strategies, such as CBMs.

POLIS Online Information System Panellists at the 2nd OSCE-wide Seminar on Passenger In 2018, TNTD/CC continued to provide online information Data Exchange discuss the border management obligations management support to all OSCE executive structures included in UN Security Council Resolution 2396. Vienna, 1 through the POLIS Online Information System, thereby November 2018 (OSCE/Micky Kroell) assisting in planning, co-ordinating and implementing TNTD activities. The exchange and sharing of up-to-date TNT- related information and the transfer of know-how and lessons learned through the use of contemporary learning and communication methods remained the main priorities

14  Activities of the Transnational Threats Department

in improving services offered through the POLIS system Violent Extremism, Capacity-Building for Criminal Justice and were delivered via online collaboration communities Practitioners Combating Cybercrime and Cyber-enabled and e-learning courses. Crime in South-Eastern Europe, and the Working Group on API. Specifically, TNTD/CC extended online collaboration support to a total of ten TNTD projects, among which are: Effective A course on “Gender Mainstreaming in Border Security Criminal Justice Strategies and Practices to Combat Gender- and Management” was added to the POLIS e-learning based Violence in Eastern Europe, the OSCE Police Academies platform, in addition to the course on “Countering the Use Network (PAN), Gender Equality Platform for Border Security of Internet for Terrorist Purposes”. Furthermore, a number and Management, LIVE Women’s Course Development, of TNTD’s classroom-based capacity-building activities were Peer Review of Gender Mainstreaming in Countering complemented with e-learning modules.

15  2.2 TNTD/Strategic Police Matters Unit

Introduction In accordance with the OSCE Strategic Framework for Police-Related Activities (PC.DEC/1049), the OSCE’s police-related activities are divided into two main categories: general police development and reform, and support to address threats posed by criminal activities. The Strategic Police Matters Unit of the Transnational Threats Department (TNTD/SPMU) is the focal point for the OSCE’s police-related activities. At the request of OSCE participating States, TNTD/SPMU delivers support through needs assessments, delivery of training, capacity-building and institution-building activities, and evaluation and analysis of lessons learned, while upholding the rule of law and ensuring respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms.

Democratic policing principles are the foundation of OSCE’s police-related activities. Therefore, TNTD/ SPMU’s long-term goals include providing a democratic vision of policing for the entire OSCE area and improving professionalism and police performance within the broader objective of strengthening national criminal justice systems.

TNTD/SPMU supports the activities of the OSCE Secretary General, the OSCE Chairmanship in Office, the TNTD Co-ordinator, the OSCE participating States and OSCE field operations in promoting police development and reform and in countering organized crime, terrorism, trafficking in illicit drugs, TBH and cybercrime.

During 2018, the number of TNTD/SPMU activities addressing threats posed by criminal activities and general police development and reform was similar. The most significant proportion of activities related to threats posed by criminal activity focused on cybercrime. TNTD/SPMU invested considerable effort in introducing ILP in OSCE participating States and Partners for Co-operation.

Activities Related to General On 29 June 2018, TNTD/SPMU launched the PAN in the Hofburg, Vienna. At this event, the results of the development Police Development and phase were introduced and discussed. Participants also considered the next steps to promote and provide access to Reform the online PAN platform to the OSCE participating States and other relevant partners, such as UNODC, INTERPOL, the European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Training Police Development and Reform within (CEPOL) and the Association of European Police Colleges Security Sector Reform (AEPC). A total of 70 officials, including members of the On 11 April, 11 October, 18 October and 5 December, TNTD/ PAN network and experts from the partner organizations, SPMU continued developing and introducing the OSCE participated in the event. Discussions focused on methodology Police Academies Network (PAN). TNTD/SPMU organized and collaboration in developing training courses, promotion online WebEx workshops for appointed focal points for the and exchange of good practices, and how OSCE participating PAN. The focal points were introduced to the state of play States and partner organizations can make use of the initiative. with regard to the development of the PAN, especially the The participants also exchanged views on the way forward for online platform hosting information on available training the PAN and how to encourage more partners to join and courses, and discussed the plans for next steps. At these contribute to the network. workshops, TNTD/SPMU collected feedback from the focal points, which was used to develop the PAN in collaboration On 25 and 26 June, TNTD/SPMU participated and contributed with all stakeholders. to the Police Strategy Forum, an international conference held in Oxford, United Kingdom. The event brought together policy-makers, police managers and representatives from

16  Activities of the Transnational Threats Department

regional and international organizations, with the goal of by 19 of the 21 LAS Member States, as well as representatives discussing new trends and future developments in police of law enforcement agencies of the Arabic-speaking OSCE tasks and good practice examples on how to address them. Mediterranean Partners for Co-operation and experts Special focus was put on the digital transformation of police from UNODC, INTERPOL and Europol. The participants work, including police training, criminal intelligence work were introduced to the OSCE-recommended model on ILP and management of police services. TNTD/SPMU used presented in the guidebook and to methods and practices the Forum to meet a number of representatives of police for assessing threats and prioritizing law enforcement services and law enforcement organizations for potential investigations and operations. collaboration and contribution to future OSCE police-related activities, including the 2018 OSCE Annual Police Experts On 13 December, TNTD/SPMU organized a workshop on Meeting (APEM) and events planned as part of the OSCE “Proactive and Intelligence-Led Approaches for Targeting project on ILP. Serious and Organized Crime” in the Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MIA) of the Republic of Belarus in Minsk. On 23 August, TNTD/SPMU visited the National Estonian Thirty high- and mid-level law enforcement managers from Police in Tallinn, Estonia to identify and assess good practices Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Moldova and the Russian that could be presented in future OSCE activities on ILP, Federation were introduced to the OSCE-recommended community policing and cybercrime projects. OSCE partner ILP model and discussed good practices and challenges in organizations had recommended the Estonian Police as a countering organized crime groups active in these countries. good practice example for an integrated approach to ILP and Experts from Europol, ODIHR and the Swedish National a potential contributor to the OSCE ILP project. TNTD/ Police introduced threat assessment methods, organizational SPMU was briefed on the Estonian criminal intelligence structures and human rights related to the workshop’s system, national threat assessments and criminal analysis, subject matters. and on how local level law enforcement is integrated into the comprehensive national level management and control. Community Policing and Police-Public Relations On 14 September, TNTD/SPMU organized a workshop From 19 to 23 February, TNTD/SPMU conducted a needs on “How can Intelligence-Led Policing Complement and assessment focusing on the implementation of community Strengthen Community-Policing?” in Yerevan, Armenia. The policing in Armenia. The assessment was undertaken as part event gathered 25 managers from the Armenian National of the OSCE Armenia Co-operation Programme, established Police and Armenia’s National Police Educational Complex. following the closure of the OSCE Office in Yerevan on 31 Participants were introduced to ILP, especially in the context August 2017. This included TNTD/SPMU reaching out to of local and community-based policing. Experts from TNTD/ more than 100 relevant stakeholders from governmental SPMU, Canada, Estonia and the United Kingdom presented institutions, including Armenia’s Ministry of Foreign good practice examples to the Armenian colleagues and Affairs (MFA), the National Police, local communities, civil discussed ways to strengthen community policing initiatives society organizations (CSO) and the media in the country. in Armenia. Conclusions and recommendations of concrete capacity- building activities were presented in a TNTD/SPMU needs On 18 and 19 September, TNTD/SPMU participated assessment report in March 2018. in a regional workshop in Struga, North Macedonia, on the implementation of ILP. The event, organized by the From 29 to 31 October, TNTD/SPMU presented and OSCE Mission to Skopje, was attended by ministerial discussed the recommendations presented in the needs and law enforcement representatives from Montenegro, assessment report in Armenia with representatives of the MFA North Macedonia and Serbia. Its aim was to discuss the and the National Police. In accordance with identified needs, implementation of ILP in these countries and share challenges TNTD/SPMU proposed a set of activities to be taken into and good practices. TNTD/SPMU gave a presentation on consideration and prioritized by the Armenian Government. the OSCE-recommended ILP model presented in the OSCE Additionally, TNTD/SPMU met the representatives of the UN Guidebook on Intelligence-Led Policing and participated in and the Council of Europe (CoE) offices in Armenia to obtain discussions on the practical implementation of ILP. information on possible cross-cutting issues and activities. Following these meetings, an extra-budgetary project (ExB) On 14 November, TNTD/SPMU, together with the League of will be drafted in the beginning of 2019. Arab States (LAS), organized an event to launch the Arabic version of the OSCE Guidebook on Intelligence-Led Policing in On 9 October, TNTD/SPMU presented the OSCE’s work the LAS headquarters in Cairo, Egypt. The event was attended in the area of community policing at the “European Crime

17  Prevention Network Workshop” in Brussels. The primary and operational modalities, in particular the situational aim of the workshop was to bring together different expert analyses the Steering Committees will conduct at the national opinions and experiences from policy-makers, academics level. Templates for these situational analyses were also and local practitioners to create a platform of discussion and discussed at the event, together with the respective national present concrete guidelines with recommendations to inform representatives and international experts. At the opening and support local policy-makers and practitioners in the field session, the Permanent Representatives to the OSCE of the of crime prevention. three beneficiary countries signed Statements of Support for an effective and efficient co-operation in the project area. On 17 December, TNTD/SPMU and UNODC jointly organized the “Sub-Regional Policy-Makers Meeting on Other, including co-ordination and Holistic Approaches to the Prevention of Youth Crime co-operation and Violence” in Belgrade, Serbia. Representatives of the On 29 January and 12 September, TNTD/SPMU invited Ministries of Education, Youth and Sport, Health and Interior the Delegations of the OSCE participating States to the from Albania, Montenegro and Serbia shared experiences Hofburg in Vienna for a briefing session on planned projects and results of programmes implemented in the area of youth and programmatic police-related activities. During these crime prevention with the aim of identifying best practices briefings, TNTD/SPMU staff presented Unified Budget (UB) and joint future interventions at the regional level. and ExB activities and plans for the upcoming year.

Gender-based and Domestic Violence On 6 February, TNTD/SPMU participated in the “Ministry In 2018, TNTD/SPMU launched a pilot project to support of Interior Innovation & Foresight Summit” in Abu Dhabi, Bulgaria, Hungary and Romania in their fight against United Arab Emirates. The meeting was attended by 250 gender-based violence. By not only targeting criminal participants from the United Arab Emirates, Australia, justice practitioners (police, prosecutors and judges) but Belgium, France, Italy, Morocco, the Republic of Korea, the also civil society, social workers and academia, the project United Kingdom, the United States of America, UNODC, aims to ensure a comprehensive approach to gender-based INTERPOL and the OSCE. TNTD delivered a presentation violence. Funded by the European Commission, the project on the OSCE’s activities related to countering cybercrime “Effective Criminal Justice Strategies and Practices to Combat and actively participated in the workshop “Innovation with Gender-based Violence in Eastern Europe” is implemented in External Partners to achieve Greater Results”. In the margins partnership with the Institute of Police Education at Linnaeus of the Summit, TNTD/SPMU met the INTERPOL Director of University in Sweden and in co-ordination with the OSCE Innovation Centre (Singapore) to discuss OSCE cybercrime Gender Section and ODIHR. capacity-building activities in South-Eastern Europe.

Prior to the official launch of the pilot project, TNTD/SPMU On 18 and 19 April, TNTD/SPMU co-organized and visited Bulgaria, Hungary and Romania on 6, 10 and 18 July to participated in the regional meeting of Heads of Law meet the members of the national Steering Committees and Enforcement Departments of OSCE field operations identify, in close co-operation and consultation with them, (HoLEDs) in South-Eastern Europe in Prishtinë/Priština. relevant practitioners and non-governmental organizations The meeting was hosted by the OSCE Mission in Kosovo and (NGOs) dealing with cases of gender-based violence that attended by representatives from all six OSCE field operations could be part of the Working Groups and Reference Groups. in South-Eastern Europe, as well as of TNTD/SPMU. Each During these meetings, the project team conducted national OSCE field operation introduced and discussed their planned baseline needs assessments to identify the capacity-building police-related activities, followed by general discussions needs of the stakeholders, as well as the benchmarks for on co-ordination and co-operation of tasks, activities and measuring progress. events. Participants agreed that closer co-operation was needed, especially in thematic-related tasks and projects Together with the implementation partners, TNTD/SPMU such as community policing. Regional HoLEDs meetings are organized the pilot project’s kick-off event on 20 and 21 convened annually in South-Eastern Europe and Central Asia, September. This event was built on the results of the assessment in addition to one annual OSCE-wide meeting in Vienna. visits to the beneficiary countries undertaken previously by The purpose of these HoLEDs meetings is to gather relevant the project team. A total of 72 participants, including experts representatives of field operations and other executive from the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights structures with the goal to reinforce co-ordination and co- (FRA) and the Group of Experts on Action against Violence operation, and exchange information and good practices on against Women and Domestic Violence (GREVIO) took part the regional levels and between the OSCE Secretariat and in the event, which was aimed at discussing project activities other executive structures.

18  Activities of the Transnational Threats Department

On 24 and 25 July, TNTD/SPMU participated in the regional meeting of HoLEDs in Central Asia in Dushanbe, Tajikistan. The meeting was co-organized by TNTD/SPMU and the OSCE Programme Office in Dushanbe (POiD). HoLEDs in Central Asia, with the exception of the Centre in Ashgabat, participated in the meeting, as did representatives from UNODC, UNDP, and of the embassies of Germany, the Russian Federation, and the United States. The OSCE field operations present at the meeting introduced their main current and upcoming priorities, strategies and projects, and elaborated on the main challenges and threats their host country is facing. After the meeting, participants paid a study visit to the Police Academy of the Tajik Ministry of Interior (MoI) and to a Model Police Station in Khissor that had been newly built and equipped with support of the OSCE POiD.

On 26 and 27 September, TNTD/SPMU participated in the TNTD officials and the Permanent Representatives of "2018 European Police Chiefs Convention", organized at Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania (beneficiary countries) and Europol in The Hague, the Netherlands. The main goals of this the European Union (main donor) at the Kick-off Event of annual event are to gather police decision-makers at policy the Project on Gender-based Violence, in Vienna, 20-21 and strategic levels from European Union Members States September 2018. (OSCE/Micky Kroell) (EU MS), and senior practitioners from international as well as partner organizations, and to provide a forum for discussion into four sessions. Session one focused on “Community at which all stakeholders can express their expectations from Policing: Field Operations’ Updates and Sharing of Plans, Europol, and Europol’s management can in turn share their Experiences and Best Practices”. In session two, participants own concerns. Around 400 participants from the EU MS, learned from the Secretariat about relevant recommendations EU Mediterranean Partner countries, observers from third and “Updates from the Department of Human Resources, countries (including Norway and the United States), as well the Office of Internal Oversight and the Gender Section”. In as from regional and international organizations participated session three, experts presented on the means and methods in the convention. used by organized criminal groups in THB, responses of States to prevent such trafficking, and the need to focus on On 22 and 23 October, TNTD/SPMU assisted the Italian the protection of victims. Finally, session four provided the OSCE Chairmanship in organizing the 2018 Annual Police participants with “Updates from the Conflict Prevention Expert Meeting on “Future Policing Strategies: Addressing Centre (CPC), TNTD and Office of the Co-ordinator of OSCE Trends and Changes in a Globalized World”. The meeting Economic and Environmental Activities (OCEEA)”. was attended by some 130 participants from OSCE participating States, Partners for Co-operation, and regional On 12 and 13 December, TNTD/SPMU took part in the "42nd and international organizations. The meeting included three Conference of Chiefs of Arab Police and Security Agencies" main parts in addition to the opening and closing sessions: in Tunis, Tunisia. The conference was organized by the Crime Trends and New and Emerging Threats; Planning for Arab Interior Ministers’ Council (AIMC), under the overall the Future; and Enhancing Efforts to Confiscate Criminal auspices of the League of Arab States. Opened by the Tunisian Proceeds. The Italian Chairmanship disseminated the Prime Minister, it gathered around 200 representatives from meeting’s Key Findings and Outcomes document following 20 out of 23 member states of the AIMC and from a number the event (SEC.GAL/200/18). of international organizations. TNTD/SPMU was invited to deliver a contribution about the OSCE and its engagement On 24 and 25 October, TNTD/SPMU organized the “Annual in police-related matters. Some AIMC members expressed Meeting of Heads of Security Co-operation/Law Enforcement interest in co-operating and/or exchanging information Departments” from all OSCE field operations in Vienna, with the OSCE, mainly on counter-terrorism and ILP. On Austria. The purpose of this annual meeting is to co-ordinate the margins of the conference, TNTD/SPMU had lateral activities and exchange relevant information about priorities discussions with counterparts from INTERPOL, UNODC and future plans in the politico-military dimension, with and Europol. special focus on police-related activities, community policing, organized crime and THB. This year’s meeting was divided

19  Activities Related to Threats active in Eastern Europe, South Caucasus and the Russian Federation. An expert from ODIHR presented on human Posed by Criminal Activity rights and data protection relevant to ILP.

Financial Investigations, Anti-Money Organized Crime Laundering and Seizures of Criminal On 19 July, TNTD/SPMU participated in and delivered a joint Proceeds presentation with the OCEEA in the “Environmental Crime On 26 and 27 March 2018, TNTD/SPMU co-organized Experts Meeting within the European Multidisciplinary a workshop in Strasbourg, France with the FATF and the Platform against Criminal Threats (EMPACT)”. The meeting, Council of Europe’s Experts Committee on the Evaluation held in Vienna, was hosted by the Embassy of France, which of Anti-Money Laundering Measures and the Financing of is leading this project on behalf of the EU member states. Terrorism (MONEYVAL) on “Challenges and Best Practices The EU-funded Environmental Crime EMPACT Project in Investigating and Prosecuting Cases of Money Laundering, aims to address environmental crime in a multi-disciplinary Criminal Assets Recovery and Financing of Terrorism”. A total way and connect EU countries, regional and international of 120 prosecutors and judges took part in the workshop. organizations to effectively counter this crime phenomenon TNTD/SPMU gave opening remarks and moderated one of together. The meeting gathered some 30 co-operation partners the workshop’s sessions, during which participants identified, from six EU Member States (Austria, Czech Republic, France, compared and discussed case studies, as well as legislative and Hungary, Slovakia and Slovenia), UNODC, INTERPOL, the investigative measures and good practices in investigating International Consortium on Combating Wildlife Crime, the and prosecuting cases of money laundering. The findings and European Commission and Europol. Participants discussed conclusions of the workshop contributed to a paper on Anti- co-ordination and possible means of future collaboration. money laundering and counter terrorist financing for judges and prosecutors, which the FATF published in June 2018. On 10 and 11 October, TNTD/SPMU participated, together with the OCEEA, in the “EMPACT Environmental Crime On 13 and 14 June, TNTD/SPMU organized a needs Operational Activities Plan (OAP) 2019 Meeting” organized assessment workshop for South-Eastern Europe in Belgrade, at Europol Headquarters in The Hague, the Netherlands. The Serbia in the area of asset seizure in fighting organized crime. meeting was convened by France, which acts as the “driver” Representatives of the relevant OSCE field operations, of of EnviCrime OAP 2019, and the Europol Support Team. The the OCEEA and of the Regional Anti-Corruption Initiative goals of the meeting were to visit the state of play of programme participated in the workshop. Its aim was to discuss the development during its first year of implementation, to findings of a questionnaire by TNTD/SPMU to all field evaluate challenges and obstacles met in 2018, and to draft operations in SEE on the current activities in this area, as the operational activities for 2019. Twenty-five out of 28 well as to map the existing initiatives and identify needs EU MS and two non-EU MS (Norway and Switzerland) and gaps in the region. The outcomes of the workshop are were represented. The following regional and international being used to develop future OSCE assistance in the area organizations participated: CEPOL, the CoE, the European of fighting organized crime in SEE, to provide guidance to Fisheries Control Agency (EFCA), Eurojust, Europol, Frontex, field operations, and to co-ordinate with other international INTERPOL and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation organizations. and Development (OECD). The OSCE (OCEEA and TNTD) decided to take part in two operational activities in 2019. Counter-Terrorism & P/C VERLT On 14 and 15 May, TNTD/SPMU, jointly with TNTD/ATU, On 13 December, TNTD/SPMU organized a workshop in ODIHR and the OSCE Mission to Bosnia and Herzegovina, Minsk, Belarus on “Proactive and Intelligence-Led Approaches organized a pilot training course on “Preventing Terrorism and for Countering Serious and Organized Crime” in the Countering Violent Extremism and Radicalization that Leads International Training Centre of the Academy of the Ministry to Terrorism: A Community-Policing Approach”. The material of the Interior (MoI) of Belarus. Thirty representatives of law used for the training is based on the joint TNTD/ODIHR enforcement agencies from Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Guidebook of the same title. The pilot training was attended Moldova and the Russian Federation attended the event. In by 16 community policing officers and five police managers addition to TNTD/SPMU, experts from Europol and the from the Sarajevo police and six civil society representatives Swedish National Police gave presentations and discussed working with the Sarajevo police. Two external consultants, proactive, multi-agency and intelligence-led approaches in one community policing expert and one human rights expert targeting transnational criminal groups that are based or delivered the pilot training course.

20  Activities of the Transnational Threats Department

On 16 May, as a follow-up to the previous event, the organizers 130 experts from OSCE participating States, OSCE Partners and trainers attended a debriefing workshop hosted by the for Co-operation, OSCE executive structures and civil society. OSCE Mission, during which the material, delivery and They discussed the effectiveness of current drug control organization of the pilot training course were discussed to policies and strategic and innovative approaches to tackle update and improve future delivery. the world drug problem in line with the outcome document of the 2016 UN General Assembly’s Special Session on the From 12 to 15 November in Madrid, Spain, and from 21 to 23 World Drug Problem. Participants reviewed the benefits November in Tirana, Albania, TNTD/SPMU delivered in co- of complementary and mutually reinforcing programmes operation with ODIHR two training workshops on "Human for reducing supply and demand of illicit drugs, explored Rights and Counter-Terrorism Investigations". The training links between drug control policies, security and human workshop was a part of a practically oriented and scenario- development, and discussed ways forward. Special attention based training programme for law enforcement officers, was given to prevention efforts, including a special session jointly developed by ODIHR and TNTD on the basis of the on the role of education, gender mainstreaming and public joint OSCE-ODIHR Human Rights in Counter-Terrorism health-oriented approaches. A Key Findings and Outcomes Investigations Manual. Topics addressed included challenges document of the conference was distributed to all OSCE and pressures faced by officers, stress and its consequences, participating States (SEC.GAL/7/19). implicit biases, discrimination and moral injury. At the training course, participants were engaged in real-life case From 24 to 26 October, TNTD/SPMU participated in a studies addressing all phases of a hypothetical counter- regional expert workshop on “New Psychotropic Substances: terrorism investigation. Legal and Practical Challenges” in Almaty, Kazakhstan. The EU Action against Drugs and Organised Crime (EU-ACT) Illicit Drugs and Chemical Precursors and the Central Asian Regional Information and Coordination From 22 January to 5 February, 13 Afghan law enforcement Centre for Combating Illicit Trafficking of Narcotic Drugs, officers successfully completed a two-week Training of Trainers Psychotropic Substances and their Precursors (CARICC) (ToT) course on combating illicit drug trafficking and drug- organized the event. Participants discussed the emerging related crimes at the All-Russian Advanced Training Institute threat of NPS in Central Asia, arising mainly from China of the MoI in Domodedovo, Russian Federation. The course and India. They called for further capacity-building activities gave participants an opportunity to increase their capacity to focused on the application of new technologies and methods deliver training courses in search operations, including in the to tackle this threat. It was emphasized that special attention use of modern techniques for identifying illicit drugs, their should be given to youth as the main consumer of NPS, and precursors and countering drug-related crimes. The course to the enhancement of medical centres addressing problems also included practical exercises in searching residential areas with NPS treatment. TNTD contributed to the discussion and vehicles, and in effectively using specialized equipment. on trafficking in NPS in the OSCE area and shared pertinent experience and knowledge in relation to Eastern Europe and From 4 to 8 June 2018, TNTD/SPMU organized a regional Central Asia. training course in Minsk, Belarus on combating drug-related crimes facilitated by the internet and the Darknet for 20 police From 13 to 15 November, TNTD/SPMU attended the investigators dealing with drug-related cases. The participants, “UNODC Paris Pact Initiative (PPI) Expert Working Group who came from Belarus, Moldova and the Russian Federation, on Cross-border Co-operation”, hosted by the Shanghai were taught the essentials of digital forensics and the usage Cooperation Organisation (SCO) in Beijing, China. of open source software tools, enabling them to identify, Participants discussed additional measures to tackle the analyse, obtain and preserve relevant digital evidence for use increased (by 87 per cent since 2017) opium production in investigating and prosecuting criminal activities, including in Afghanistan and the anticipated influx of illicit opiates illicit trafficking of new psychoactive substances (NPS) on the to Central and Southern Asia, China and Europe. Experts Darknet. forecast the growth of the illicit economy in Afghanistan, the weakening rule of law in the country, the increased funding On 16 and 17 July, TNTD/SPMU assisted the Italian OSCE to terrorist groups, and the negative impact on the security Chairmanship with the organization of the annual OSCE situation in the region and beyond. TNTD co-chaired one conference on combating the threat of illicit drugs and the of the sessions and contributed to discussions outlining the diversion of chemical precursors. This year’s conference, OSCE’s role in tackling NPS facilitated by the internet and its which focused on “Strategic Approaches to the Reduction of hidden services. Some practical results of the OSCE’s anti- Supply and Demand of Illicit Drugs”, was attended by some drug activities in other regions, e.g. in Eastern Europe, were

21  proposed for replication in Central Asia in combating drug- Trafficking in Human Beings related crime facilitated by the internet and the Darknet. & Migration-related Crime On 23 April, on the margins of the 18th Alliance against On 27 and 28 November, TNTD/SPMU participated in Trafficking in Persons, organized by OSR/CTHB under the 17th Ministerial Conference of the Pompidou Group on the title, “Everyone has a Role: How to make a Difference “Sustainable Drug Policies Respectful of Human Rights” Together”, TNTD/SPMU and ODIHR co-organized a side in Stavanger, Norway. The conference was organized by event in co-ordination with the OSR/CTHB on the topic, the Co-operation Group to Combat Drug Abuse and Illicit “From a Survivor’s Perspective: Human Rights, Gender Trafficking in Drugs of the Council of Europe's Pompidou and the Trafficking in Human Beings”. The event gave the Group (PG CoE) and the Norwegian Ministry of Health approximately 70 participants a comprehensive overview of and Care Services. The participants reviewed the activities the best approaches in preventing and fighting THB. of the PG CoE between 2015 and 2018 and elected its new Presidency (Portugal) and Vice-Presidency (Poland) for 2019- On 5 November, TNTD/SPMU organized a first co- 2022. The conference adopted the “Stavanger Declaration” ordination meeting for the “Joint OSCE-INTERPOL Project aimed at supporting the activities of the PG CoE and its on Enhancing the Capacities of Ukrainian Law Enforcement mandate for 2019-2022 in promoting the implementation of and Criminal Justice System to Effectively Combat Trafficking and respect for human rights in all aspects of the drug control in Human Beings”. This project is jointly implemented by policy, focusing on good governance and international drug TNTD and INTERPOL, in collaboration with the OSCE control policy development that take into account gender and Project Co-ordinator in Uzbekistan (PCUz). TNTD/SPMU age aspects, as well as new and emerging challenges. TNTD/ presented the activities envisaged under this initiative to the SPMU delivered a statement focusing on the OSCE’s role in relevant Ukrainian institutions and discussed future steps facilitating effective drug control policies aimed at protecting and ways of collaboration, including co-operation with other and improving the well-being of societies and individuals, countries. promoting public health and contributing to public security. Cybercrime In South-Eastern Europe, TNTD/SPMU continued, in close co-operation with the OSCE field operations in the region, the implementation of its two-year regional ExB project

TNTD/SPMU – Police-Related Activities 2018

41 23 Total Analysis of Lessons Training 83 Learned, Assessments and Guidelines Information 19 Exchange / Institution and Capacity-Building

ACTIVITIES ON:

General Police Development and Reform 46%

Threats posed by Criminal Activity 54%

22  Activities of the Transnational Threats Department

on “Capacity Building for Criminal Justice Practitioners Co-ordination Board consisting of representatives of all Combating Cybercrime and Cyber-enabled Crime in South- beneficiary countries and the OSCE field operations from the Eastern Europe”. region:

From January to April, six regional training courses, each • On 8 and 9 February, in Podgorica, Montenegro, a mid- one-week long, were delivered to over 120 criminal justice term review meeting of the Board assessed progress in practitioners from Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the project’s implementation and discussed challenges Montenegro, North Macedonia and Serbia. The courses and lessons learned so far; took place in Tirana, Albania at premises provided by the Albanian Security Academy. They focused on the following • On 29 and 30 May, also in Podgorica, a first wrap-up topics: First Responders Dealing with Digital Evidence (22- meeting between the Board and the national trainers 26 January), Dark Web and Virtual Currencies Basic (12- reviewed the implementation of the project’s first phase 16 February), Live Data Forensics (26 February-2 March), and planned a first round of national training activities Darknet and Cryptocurrencies Investigations (5-9 March), for the autumn; Malware Investigations (19-23 March), and Transnational Organized Crime: Features and Dimensions of Modern • And on 6 and 7 December, in Belgrade, a second wrap- Crime (16-20 April). The courses were delivered in co- up meeting discussed implementation of the project’s operation with a number of partners, such as the Austrian upcoming activities in winter/spring 2019, including a Institute of Technology, European Cybercrime Training and second round of national training activities, adaptation Education Group, Europol's Cybercrime Centre (ECTEG), of teaching curricula of the relevant national training University College Dublin and UNODC, as well as experts institutions and a concluding conference. It also explored from Belgium, Germany and Norway. The thematic training further needs of the region that should be addressed by was supplemented with a ToT programme for a selected future programmatic activities of the OSCE. group of experts from each beneficiary country. On 20 and 21 September, TNTD/SPMU participated in the The experts participating in the project as “national trainers” regional ministerial conference “Connect Securely” on high- organized a first round of seven national training activities tech crime and information security in Belgrade, Serbia, that were monitored and evaluated by the OSCE field hosted by the Serbian MoI and the Geneva Centre for the operations in the respective five beneficiary countries. These Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF). TNTD/SPMU took place from 19 to 21 September and 11 to 12 October presented the OSCE’s activities in the field of combating in Bosnia and Herzegovina; from 8 to 12 October in Albania; cybercrime and cyber-enabled crime on a panel focusing from 30 October to 1 November in North Macedonia; from 6 on strengthening the capacities of public authorities for the to 7 November in Serbia; and on 3 December in Montenegro. fight against high-tech crime through their co-operation on More than 90 police officers across the region received further international projects. training on cybercrime and digital evidence as a result of this initiative. From 26 to 30 November, in Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan, and from 3 to 7 December, in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, as On 22 and 23 November, a regional workshop reviewed well as from 10 to 14 December, in Uzbekistan, TNTD/SPMU, the first round of the previous national training activities, in co-operation with INTERPOL, conducted comprehensive identified existing gaps and challenges, and proposed cybercrime needs assessments in these five Central Asian recommendations for the next round of training activities in countries. Their purpose was to assess the existing capacities winter/spring 2019 in Belgrade. The review focused on three of these States in investigating and prosecuting cybercrime key elements: training needs assessment, development and cases, as well as the capacities of their national law enforcement design; training delivery and flow; and training assessment training institutions in providing education and in-service and evaluation. In addition, in the course of December, training on this topic. The outcomes of the assessment will TNTD/SPMU supported the development of Albanian serve as an input for planning the OSCE’s future cybercrime- and Macedonian versions of training materials for a course related programmatic activities in this area. In addition, on handling digital evidence that will be donated to police following consultations with the OSCE participating States training institutions in the respective countries. from the region, TNTD/SPMU developed a new regional ExB initiative on “Capacity Building on Combating Cybercrime in The “Capacity Building for Criminal Justice Practitioners Central Asia”, which is planned to be launched in the second Combating Cybercrime and Cyber-enabled Crime in half of 2019. South-Eastern Europe”. implementation was steered by a

23  From 27 to 29 November, TNTD/SPMU delivered a training Border Security and Management / course in Yerevan, Armenia on criminal activities that are Customs facilitated by the Darkweb and virtual currencies, for 19 On 1 and 2 October, TNTD/SPMU organized a “Roundtable experts from the Armenian National Police, Ministry of on Promoting Integrity of Border and Law Enforcement Defence (MoD), Military Police, National Security Service and Agencies in South-Eastern Europe” in Vienna. The aim of the the Central Bank. event was to identify the main achievements and remaining integrity gaps within the work of border and law enforcement From 10 to 13 December, TNTD/SPMU, in co-operation agencies. The OSCE field operations from South-Eastern with the Basel Institute on Governance, organized a training Europe and representatives from regional organizations, course on cryptocurrencies and money-laundering in Baku, including the Regional Anti-Corruption Initiative and DCAF, Azerbaijan for 27 representatives from various criminal discussed past activities, plans and issues that still remain to be justice institutions, as well as ministries of defence and addressed to further improve the integrity and accountability communication, from Georgia and Azerbaijan. of border and law enforcement agencies.

24  Activities of the Transnational Threats Department

2.3 TNTD/Action against Terrorism Unit

Introduction The Action against Terrorism Unit (TNTD/ATU) continued its capacity-building activities related to preventing and countering terrorism. The unit supported OSCE participating States in countering terrorist financing and promoted the international legal framework and co-operation in criminal matters related to terrorism through the organization of or support to a number of roundtable meetings, workshops, training courses and conferences. Significant attention was also devoted to events and exercises related to countering the use of the internet for terrorist purposes, as well as to national risk assessments and crisis situation management on non-nuclear critical energy infrastructure protection. Furthermore, TNTD/ATU organized several capacity-building, as well as roundtable meetings and conferences on P/C VERLT.

The TNTD/ATU is the OSCE’s focal point, information resource and implementation partner on counter- terrorism activities. The Unit’s work is guided by the OSCE Consolidated Framework for the Fight against Terrorism (PC.DEC/1063), adopted in December 2012. The Consolidated Framework outlines the strategic focus areas for counter-terrorism activities by the Organization and thus provides a roadmap for related activities.

Activities Related to Threats focused on strengthening inter-agency co-operation, improving analysis and investigation skills and techniques in Posed by Criminal Activity this field, and using sanctions against terrorism, pursuant to relevant UN sanctions regimes. The training and related ToT courses were funded by Germany and the United States. The Counter-Terrorism & P/C VERLT following modules were organized within the framework of From 31 January to 1 February and 25 to 26 April, TNTD/ this project: ATU participated in two workshops organized in Malta by the Global Counterterrorism Forum (GCTF) and the - On 29 and 30 March, a ToT in Combating the Financing International Institute for Justice and the Rule of Law (IIJ), as of Terrorism (CFT) was organized for Tajik officials part of their “Initiative to Address Homegrown Terrorism”. in Vienna. The training focused on localized scenarios These “Civil Society and Law Enforcement Workshops” were based on real-life cases. Together with the OSCE and part of the process in developing a new GCTF Memorandum UNODC international experts, five national trainers on responses to terrorist activity not necessarily linked to the who participated in the course, will deliver training for foreign terrorist fighter phenomenon. government officials upon their return to Tajikistan;

On 28 and 29 March meeting in Madrid, TNTD/ATU’s P/C - From 11 to 15 June, a ToT in CFT was organized for Kazakh VERLT staff co-operated with another law enforcement- officials in Nur-Sultan; related GCTF initiative, this time on “Addressing the Challenge of Returning Families of Foreign Terrorist Fighters”. The goal - From 10 to 15 July, CFT training led by Kyrgyz trainers and was to help refine a GCTF Good Practice Memorandum supported by OSCE and UNODC experts was organized on the issue to be presented on the margins of the 2018 UN in Bishkek. The four local trainers had been prepared in the General Assembly. As many of the issues discussed in this previous year in a ToT course organized in Vienna; initiative aligned with those foreseen at the OSCE’s annual Counter Terrorism Conference, TNTD/ATU was well placed - On 30 and 31 August, CFT training for Kyrgyz trainers to provide input. was organized by the OSCE, UNODC and the EAG, in co- operation with the OSCE Programme Office in Bishkek; Throughout 2018, TNTD/ATU and the Global Programme against Money Laundering (UNODC/GPML) continued - From 14 to 15 September and 16 to 20 October, CFT implementing a comprehensive exercise-based capacity- training for Kazakh trainers from the capital, as well as building programme on countering terrorist financing, from regional offices, was organized by the OSCE, UNODC

25  international presenter team composed of national experts, as well as representatives from international and regional organizations.

On 16 April, TNTD/ATU participated in the Steering Committee within the EU-UNODC initiative on “Strengthening the Legal Regime against Foreign Terrorist Fighters” in Vienna, which underscored the importance of adapting technical assistance delivery to situational changes. The meeting, also attended by Europol, INTERPOL and the Parliamentary Assembly of the Mediterranean, provided an opportunity for TNTD/ATU to highlight its activities in the area of counter-terrorism and border security management with regard to the return of FTFs. A multi-agency team of experts working on the Financial Disruption of Terrorist Networks Exercise. Kazakhstan, June On 19 and 20 April, TNTD/ATU assisted the Korean MFA 2018. (OSCE/TNTD – Action against Terrorism Unit) with the organization of the “Inter-Regional Conference on Preventing and Countering Violent Extremism and Radicalization that Lead to Terrorism”. and the EAG, in co-operation with the OSCE Programme Office in Nur-Sultan; On 10 and 11 May, the 2018 OSCE-wide Counter-Terrorism Conference on the “Reverse Flow of Foreign Terrorist Fighters” - From 4 to 8 October, TNTD/ATU contributed to a joint was convened by the Italian OSCE Chairmanship in Rome. workshop organized by the EAG, the Anti-Terrorist While touching on most TNTD portfolios, connections with Center of the Commonwealth of Independent States (ATC the work on P/C VERLT and Border Security were particularly CIS) and INTERPOL, dedicated to strengthening the co- strong. Based on discussions at the conference, a perception operation between financial intelligence units (FIUs) and paper was circulated by the Chairmanship, suggesting law enforcement agencies in the sphere of combating responses to the aforementioned challenge. In addition terrorist financing; to the plenary sessions, ten side-events on the margins of the Conference covered related topics, such as ODIHR’s - From 19 to 21 November, CFT training for Tajik Guidelines for Addressing the Threats and Challenges of FTFs participants was organized in co-operation with the OSCE within a Human Rights Framework, to which TNTD/ATU Programme Office in Dushanbe; contributed.

- On 18 and 19 December, in a first event for participants On 16 and 17 May, 17 and 18 October, and 28 and 29 November, from South-Eastern Europe, Albanian trainers were TNTD/ATU organized National Risk-Assessments and Crisis introduced to the programme by TNTD/ATU and the Situation Management Exercises on Non-Nuclear Critical UNODC/GPML, in co-operation with the OSCE Presence Energy Infrastructure Protection in Sarajevo, Ashgabat in Albania. and Nur-Sultan. Based on recommendations listed in the OSCE’s Good Practices Guide on Non-Nuclear Critical Energy On 5 and 6 April and 28 and 29 June, TNTD/ATU’s staff Infrastructure Protection, representatives from government dealing with countering the use of the internet for terrorist agencies working on energy infrastructure, law enforcement purposes organized a national workshop for Turkmenistan, officials and energy companies participated in the events. The as well as a regional event in Almaty, jointly with respective aim of the exercises was to test the effectiveness of existing OSCE field operations. Participants were mainly prosecutors, protection and crisis management systems within energy judges, investigators and law enforcement officers, but also companies, as well as the co-ordination with external crisis parliamentarians and Ombuds institution representatives. management in the case of a terror cyber-attack on industrial Discussions focused on issues related to the international control systems. legal framework on freedom of expression and on strategies for combatting violent extremist content online. Moreover, On 11 and 12 June, TNTD/ATU’s P/C VERLT team good practices in computer forensics were discussed with an advised the Uzbek government on the development and

26  Activities of the Transnational Threats Department

implementation of a national strategy and actions plan on P/C perspectives on preventing and countering the misuse of the VERLT, i.e., by supporting them in the organization of a High- internet by terrorists, and on protecting critical infrastructure Level Conference on the Role of Youth in P/C VERLT. from cyber-attacks.

From 17 to 19 July, TNTD/ATU participated in a “Juvenile On 15 October, TNTD/ATU contributed to an OSCE Security Justice Workshop for the Western Balkans” at the IIJ Committee meeting dedicated to the protection of soft targets in Valletta, Malta. Promoting the GCTF’s Neuchâtel against terrorist attacks, organized by the Spanish Chair of the Memorandum on Good Practices for Juvenile Justice in a Committee. TNTD/ATU’s interventions focused on lessons Counterterrorism Context, the event gathered practitioners learned during its work on protecting critical infrastructure. from law enforcement agencies, the judiciary, prosecutors, Other speakers included the CIS, the Organization for prison officials and defence attorneys working with juvenile the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), as well as offenders. Discussions during the three-day event were national experts from the Russian Federation, Turkey and the structured around prevention aspects, safeguards for children United Kingdom. in criminal procedures, rehabilitation and reintegration, as well as capacity development, monitoring and the evaluation On 14 and 15 November, TNTD/ATU presented at an expert of existing juvenile justice programmes. meeting of the GCTF Criminal Justice and Rule of Law Working Group in The Hague, which aimed at taking first On 3 and 4 and 18 and 19 September, TNTD/ATU organized steps in the development of a Memorandum on the Use of Rule two seminars on “Strengthening Rule of Law-compliant of Law-Based Administrative Measures in a Counterterrorism Criminal Justice Responses to Terrorism” for Kyrgyz and Context. Such administrative measures are implemented as Montenegrin judges, prosecutors and law enforcement preventive steps against individuals deemed a risk and can officials, jointly with the respective OSCE field operations. include area bans, limitations to communication and the use Both seminars focused on good practices detailed in the GCTF of ICT, as well as the withdrawal of citizenships. Rabat Memorandum, listing effective terrorism prevention and prosecution measures, while emphasizing respect for On 17 December, TNTD/ATU organized a technical working human rights and other applicable international law. group meeting to discuss the final draft of a handbook on gender awareness and P/C VERLT targeting law enforcement On 9 and 10 October, TNTD/ATU organized jointly with agencies and relevant policymakers. the MoI of Belarus a high-level conference in Minsk focused on contemporaneous counter-terrorism and cyber-related On 19 December, TNTD/ATU supported the Office of the challenges. The conference was attended by more than 250 OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media in organizing participants representing the UN, the Collective Security a "Central Asian Judicial Dialogue Conference" in Bishkek. Treaty Organization (CSTO), the CIS, the CoE, the EU, The event brought together some 30 judges from higher INTERPOL, the SCO, as well as relevant ministries and and appellate courts, constitutional and human rights law institutions of OSCE participating States and Partners for Co- experts, and legal scholars from Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, operation. Participants exchanged national experiences and Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. Discussions focused on

The highlight of TNTD/ATU’s work Italian OSCE Chairmanship. The business entities. In addition to in 2018 was once again the annual conference attracted more than 350 the plenary sessions, participants OSCE-wide Counter-Terrorism participants from 37 participating had the opportunity to participate Expert Conference on the “Reverse States and seven Partners for in ten side-events. Based on Flow of Foreign Terrorist Fighters Co-operation, 20 international and the discussions at the event, a (FTFs): Challenges for the OSCE regional organizations, including perception paper was circulated by Area and Beyond”, convened in various UN agencies, and more the OSCE Chairmanship. Rome on 10 and 11 May by the than 50 SCOs, academic and

27  jurisprudential approaches, methodologies, current trends and good practices in handling cases concerning restrictions on freedom of expression and freedom of the media, including online content, which were imposed on the grounds of national security, particularly in the name of P/C VERLT.

TNTD/ATU – Police-Related Activities 2018

3 10 Analysis of Lessons Training Total 29 Learned, Assessments Information and Guidelines 16 Exchange / Institution and Capacity-Building

ACTIVITIES ON:

General Police Development and Reform 0%

Threats posed by Criminal Activity 100%

28  Activities of the Transnational Threats Department

2.4 TNTD/Border Security and Management Unit

Introduction The OSCE Secretariat, through the Border Security and Management Unit of the Transnational Threats Department (TNTD/BSMU), supports and assists the OSCE Chairmanship, executive structures, field operations and institutions in their efforts to promote open and secure borders as elaborated in the OSCE Border Security and Management Concept (BSMC) (MC.DOC/2/05) adopted in Ljubljana in December 2005.

In 2018, the OSCE Border Security and Management National Focal Points (BSM NFP) Network contributed to the exchange of information and co-operation between border security and management services of OSCE participating States and Partners for Co-operation. TNTD/BSMU interactions with a number of international and regional actors, such as Frontex, INTERPOL, the International Organization for Migration (IOM), UNODC, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and OSCE field operations, also contributed to dialogue and co-operation between participating States and Partners for Co-operation in the Mediterranean region.

TNTD/BSMU continued to maintain the BSM NFP Network, along with providing training and capacity- building activities to border security and management services of participating States and Partners for Co-operation. Furthermore, TNTD/BSMU provided front-line officers with training on detecting forgery of travel documents, and introduced and promoted API and PNR systems.

Activities Related to Threats databases and watchlists, as well as intra-agency co-operation mechanisms for the identification of potential FTFs. These Posed by Criminal Activity activities supplemented TNTD/BSMU’s efforts to prevent the movement of FTFs in line with UNSCR 2178 (2014) and UNSCR 2396 (2017), as well as OSCE MC.DEC/6/16 on Cross-Border Co-operation in Criminal Enhancing the Use of Advance Passenger Information (API). Matters An API system allows law enforcement authorities to receive In 2018, in order to better address the cross-border movement information about travellers before their arrival in a country, of FTFs, TNTD/BSMU organized six deployment missions making it an effective tool in countering terrorism and of the OSCE MTT delivering specialized on-site training organized crime. courses to the first and second line border officers. The officers were trained on how to better identify and interview potential In 2018, the TNTD/BSMU organized ten national API FTFs, in full compliance with international human rights workshops in Central Asia, South Caucasus and South- standards at entry and exit border check points of OSCE Eastern Europe. These workshops gathered 330 local experts participating States. on aviation security (including police and customs officers, intelligence services, civil aviation authority representatives At these on-site training sessions, over 200 border guards were and airport authorities) involved in passenger processing, trained on how to identify forged documents distributed in as well as ICT service providers, donors and international Kazakhstan, North Macedonia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and experts, with the goal of drafting an official roadmap for Ukraine. Each of the border guards participating in the training establishing an API system in each country. sessions was provided with a set of special magnifying glasses to identify forged travel documents. The training sessions Additionally, an "OSCE- wide Seminar on Passenger Data included a wide range of subjects, including the regional and Exchange”, the second of its kind, was organized in Vienna in international legal framework, risk analysis and management, November, bringing together over 120 experts to discuss good travel document security, interviewing techniques, the use of practices in implementing both API and PNR systems, and

29  and the OSCE Centre in Ashgabat, promoting co-operation between border security and management agencies across the OSCE area. TNTD/BSMU participated and contributed to 11 training events and workshops, which were aimed at addressing cross-border co-operation with international and regional organizations, such as the World Border Organization (BORDERPOL), Frontex, NATO and UNODC.

In addition, TNTD/BSMU developed and launched an online training platform on gender mainstreaming in BSM in 2018, and organized country visits to Georgia, Mongolia and Sweden to promote gender equality in border security and management and in the wider security sector.

Workshop participants discuss the protection of cultural Border Security and Management / and archaeological sites at the Amir Temur mausoleum. Customs Samarkand, Uzbekistan, 16 May 2018 (OSCE/TNTD – Border In April, TNTD/BSMU, with support of the Italian OSCE Security and Management Unit) Chairmanship, conducted the "12th Annual Meeting of the OSCE Border Security and Management National Focal the deployment of biometric technology tools at borders for Points Network", which focused on modern approaches to enhancing identity management. border security and management in the face of emerging transnational threats and challenges at the OSCE area’s In May and October, TNTD/BSMU organized two three-day borders. The meeting gave participants the opportunity to “Regional Workshops on Trafficking of Cultural Property/ learn and discuss about available cross-border co-operation Antiquities Smuggling” in Montenegro and Uzbekistan. Both mechanisms to address transnational threats and challenges events were aimed at raising awareness on the illicit trafficking in the context of the OSCE’s current and planned activities in of cultural property and its impact on security and stability in the area of border security and management. Over 80 NFPs the OSCE area. They also provided an opportunity to discuss and national experts from the OSCE participating States and the most suitable ways to respond to this transnational threat Partners for Co-operation, as well as representatives of OSCE in a systematic manner, in co-ordination with the relevant field operations and relevant OSCE Secretariat units, took national, international and regional organizations, the private part in the meeting. sector, and educational institutions. Around 80 experts from international organizations, the police, border police and Throughout 2018, TNTD/BSMU encouraged participating customs participated actively. States and Partners for Co-operation to harmonize and align their BSM policies and procedures with international In June and October, TNTD/BSMU organized two training and regional good practices. In this regard, in November, courses for the Mediterranean Points of Contacts (PoC) TNTD/BSMU conducted the “OSCE-wide Workshop on on Border Security and Management: in June in Malta and Demarcation and Delimitation Practices” in Athens, Greece. in October in Spain. The first training event focused on risk Some 38 officials and experts from 16 participating States took analysis and management and on gender mainstreaming in part in this interactive seminar. Specific bilateral experiences the field of BSM. The Mediterranean PoC actively participated in co-operation related to delimitation and demarcation in the practical exercises, and shared experiences and efficient practices from across the OSCE area were presented to the practices on implementing the “Women, Peace and Security” participants. They also discussed past and on-going border agenda. The second training session was organized by TNTD/ demarcation and delimitation processes and exchanged BSMU in close co-operation with the Spanish National Police lessons learned and good practices in this field. In addition, and took place at the premises of the Spanish National Police they engaged in a practical exercise, which was based on a in Madrid, Spain. It focused on migration, trafficking of human fictional scenario on boundary delimitation, demarcation beings, the respective legal frameworks in the Mediterranean and management, and engaged in identifying ways to manage region, and interviewing techniques to be used when working poorly demarcated borders. The workshop also marked the with human trafficking victims. launch of the English-language version of the Guidebook on Delimitation and Demarcation Practices in the OSCE Area, TNTD/BSMU also provided expert advice and support developed in 2017. for capacity-building activities organized by the OSCE Border Management Staff College (BMSC) in Dushanbe

30  Activities of the Transnational Threats Department

TNTD/BSMU – Police-Related Activities 2018

4

20 Total Analysis of Lessons Training 41 Learned, Assessments Information and Guidelines 17 Exchange / Institution and Capacity-Building

ACTIVITIES ON:

General Police Development and Reform 0%

Threats posed by Criminal Activity 100%

31 32  3 Police-Related Activities of other Thematic Units

33  3.1 Gender Section Introduction The Gender Section within the Office of the Secretary General continued its support to the participating States in preparing effective National Action Plans to implement UNSCR 1325 on Women, Peace and Security.

Activities Related to General On 1 October, the Italian OSCE chairmanship, in co- Police Development and operation with the Gender Section and ODIHR, organized a conference on “Women in the Security Sector: Challenges and Reform Opportunities for the OSCE Area and Beyond”. In total, 119 participants attended the event. On 22 and 23 March, the Gender Section and the Institute of Inclusive Security convened a two-day National Action Plan In 2016, the Gender Section started implementing a three- workshop in Yerevan, Armenia. Fifteen Armenian government year ExB funded research project, the “OSCE Survey on the representatives and five civil society experts worked together Well-being and Safety of Women”. 2017 was dedicated to the to learn new skills on how to implement UNSCR 1325 at the development of research materials and the preparation of local level. the mainstage fieldwork. Data collection, which constituted most of the fieldwork, was completed in 2018 in seven On 19 and 20 April, Government and civil society OSCE participating States, including Albania, Bosnia and representatives from Andorra, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Herzegovina, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Moldova, Slovakia, Turkey and Turkmenistan gathered for the third Serbia and Ukraine. The research was also conducted in OSCE National Action Plan Academy workshop in Vienna to Kosovo1. discuss good practices in the implementation of UNSCR 1325.

Gender Section – Police-Related Activities 2018

1 Total Information Analysis of Lessons 4 Exchange / Institution Learned, Assessments 3 and Capacity-Building and Guidelines

ACTIVITIES ON:

General Police Development and Reform 100%

Threats posed by Criminal Activity 0% 1 All references to Kosovo, whether to the territory, institutions or population, in this text should be understood in full compliance with United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244.

34  Police-Related Activities of other Thematic Units

The survey collected comparable data on the prevalence of different forms of violence against women perpetrated by partners and non-partners and examined the prevalence of violence against women in conflict-affected contexts, deepening the understanding of how violence against women is related to conflict. Data was also collected on the persisting attitudes and reasons for not reporting incidents to the police, as well as the satisfaction of women who have experienced violence with the support or response they received from the police.

The research showed that gaps continue in the ability of institutions to understand and address women and girls’ experiences of personal insecurity and violence. It also demonstrated that attitudes that silence women and protect At the OSCE National Action Plan Academy in Vienna, 19-20 abusers persist at disturbingly high rates. In 2019, the project April 2018, participants from Turkmenistan explore ways how will focus on disseminating results to a broader local and to enhance the implementation of the women, peace and international audience. security agenda. (OSCE/Gender Section)

35  3.2 Office of the Co-ordinator of Economic and Environmental Activities Introduction In 2018, the Economic Governance Unit of the Office of the Co-ordinator of the OSCE Economic and Environmental Activities (OCEEA) continued to be involved in police-related activities, addressing good governance, anti-corruption and anti-money laundering and combating financing of terrorism (AML/ CFT). The Office co-operated closely with relevant thematic units, the OSCE field operations and partner organizations, such as the EAG, the FATF and UNODC.

Activities related to General Activities Related to Threats Police Development and Posed by Criminal Activity Reform Financial Investigations, Anti-Money Laundering and Seizures of Criminal Strategic Planning including Threat Proceeds Assessments From 20 to 23 February, in Paris, a representative of the On 19 and 20 September, an OCEEA representative OCEEA participated in the plenary and working group participated in the European Multidisciplinary Platform meetings of the FATF. The Plenary adopted a new counter- Against Criminal Threat (EMPACT) Environmental Crime terrorist financing operational plan, an updated publication of Strategic Meeting hosted by Europol in The Hague. The the FATF Guidance on Counter Proliferation Financing, and OCEEA contributed to discussions on the implementation of other relevant documents. Working group meetings covered the Operational Action Plan for 2018 and possible actions in terrorist financing disruption strategies, financial flows from 2019, with a focus on organized environmental crime. human trafficking and country evaluations.

OCEEA – Police-Related Activities 2018

2 1 Total Analysis of Lessons Training 10 Learned, Assessments Information and Guidelines 7 Exchange / Institution and Capacity-Building

ACTIVITIES ON:

General Police Development and Reform 90%

Threats posed by Criminal Activity 10% 36  Police-Related Activities of other Thematic Units

On 26 and 27 March, in Strasbourg, France, the OCEAA, jointly with TNTD, the FATF, the CoE and MONEYVAL organized a workshop on tackling money laundering and terrorist financing for judges and prosecutors in the OSCE region. This regional workshop was part of a global outreach initiative led by the FATF Presidency. The workshop aimed at gathering experiences from practitioners on the challenges and difficulties they face while investigating cases of money laundering and terrorist financing.

From 11 to 13 April, in Nur-Sultan, the OCEEA, in partnership with the Law Enforcement Academy under the General Prosecutor’s Office (GPO) of the Republic of Kazakhstan, organized and moderated a three-day training seminar on corruption proofing of draft legislation for 30 Santiago Otamendi, President of the Financial Action Task representatives from public law enforcement institutions Force, and Christos Giakoumopoulos, Director General of and civil society. The OCEEA representative also conducted Human Rights and Rule of Law of the Council of Europe, ad hoc bilateral talks with representatives of the Ministry of speaking at the workshop on tackling money laundering and Justice and the Law Enforcement Academy of Kazakhstan. terrorist financing for judges and prosecutors. Strasbourg, France, 26 March 2018. (Council of Europe) On 30 May, in Chisinau, an OCEEA representative participated and delivered an opening statement on the OCEEA’s activities and experiences of Austria and other countries in the area of in the area of AML/CFT during a seminar on “Ensuring the financial investigation of corruption-related crimes. effective implementation of EU and national AML/CFT standards”, organized by the National Bank of Moldova. On 14 and 15 June, in Ulaanbaatar, the OCEEA organized Representatives of the public financial sector of Moldova and and held a two-day seminar on “Best Practices in countering law enforcement agencies discussed methodologies for the Money Laundering through Offshores” for representatives of identification of suspicious activity, EU support for developing the Independent Authority Against Corruption of Mongolia an AML/CFT system of Moldova and the development of a and other relevant law enforcement agencies of Mongolia. As national AML/CFT strategy and inter-agency co-operation. a follow-up to the seminar, a final report on main challenges, conclusions of the seminar and a list of recommendations for On 13 and 14 June, in Belgrade, the OCEEA organized, in co- further elaboration of the national mechanisms to combat/ operation with TNTD, a regional needs assessment workshop prevent money laundering through offshores was prepared. addressing illicit financial flows and the recovery of criminal assets in South-Eastern Europe. OSCE field operations On 12 and 13 July, in Ashgabat, an OCEEA representative from the region and partner organizations working on illicit conducted an interactive session on measures to identify finance and asset recovery participated in the workshop. The fraud and corruption in law enforcement at a seminar workshop participants identified weaknesses in the legislative on “Professional Integrity and Ethical Standards in Law framework and the implementation of asset recovery-related Enforcement”, organized by the OSCE Centre in Ashgabat. legislation, as well as in financial investigations and in judicial proceedings. Jointly with TNTD, the OCEEA is developing On 26 and 27 November, in Minsk, the OCEEA, in co-operation a project that is based on the findings of the workshop to with UNODC and with the support of the Department of support authorities in South-Eastern Europe in investigations, Financial Investigations of the State Control Committee of asset seizure/confiscation, asset management and the social Belarus, organized a two-day workshop focused on the early reuse of confiscated assets. detection and prevention of corruption and financial crimes committed with the involvement of digital technologies for 35 On 21 and 22 June, in Vienna, the OCEEA, in co-operation representatives of different departments of the State Control with UNODC, organized a workshop on “Combating Committee of the Republic of Belarus. misuse of the Darknet and Cryptocurrencies for Corruption and Financial Crimes” for senior decision-makers and practitioners from the Department of Financial Investigations of the State Control Committee of the Republic of Belarus. This workshop provided a detailed overview of best practices

37  3.3 Office of the Special Representative and Co-ordinator for Combating Trafficking in Human Beings (OSR/CTHB)

Introduction In line with the 2003 OSCE Action Plan to Combat Trafficking in Human Beings (THB), its 2005 and 2013 Addenda, as well as the Ministerial Council Decisions No. 2/03 and No. 3/06, the OSR/CTHB is mandated to address all forms of THB. In 2018, the Office continued its efforts to support participating States and Partners for Co-operation in preventing and prosecuting human trafficking, and protecting its victims. A number of research activities, including on the current challenges in addressing THB, was supported by awareness-raising and capacity-building efforts, including training, workshops and innovative live simulation-based exercises. Particular attention was dedicated to situations of increased vulnerability and to vulnerable groups, such as women and children.

The OSR/CTHB further developed core programmes around areas of greatest need and potential impact, including human trafficking in migration flows, ending trafficking for labour exploitation, and ICT-facilitated trafficking.

The OSR/CTHB co-operates with relevant thematic units in the OSCE Secretariat and field operations to deliver projects and joint activities through its network of Anti-Trafficking Focal Points. This includes close co-operation with TNTD/SPMU on issues of mutual concern, including police-related matters.

Activities Related to Threats - On 28 March, in Skopje, co-organized with the OSCE Presence in Albania, the OSCE Mission to Bosnia and Posed by Criminal Activity Herzegovina, the OSCE Mission in Kosovo, the OSCE Mission to Montenegro, the OSCE Mission to Serbia, and the OSCE Mission to Skopje; Trafficking in Human Beings & Migration- related Crime - On 20 June, in Athens, co-organized with the Office of Since the outbreak of the current migration and refugee crisis, the National Rapporteur on Trafficking in Human Beings, the OSR/CTHB has been closely engaged in assisting the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Greece; OSCE participating States and Partners for Co-operation to better address migration-related human trafficking challenges - On 11 October, in Catania, co-organized with the 2018 in line with OSCE commitments. OSCE Italian Chairmanship.

Building on the findings and recommendations of the Report Around 60 participants participated in the three workshops, From Reception to Recognition: Identifying and Protecting including representatives of law enforcement bodies, Human Trafficking Victims in Mixed Migration Flows - A Focus migration agencies, public social services, civil society and on First Identification and Reception Facilities for Refugees and international organizations. The finalized uniform guidelines Migrants in the OSCE Region published at the end of 2017, will be published and promoted by the OSR/CTHB in 2019 the OSR/CTHB organized a series of consultations with anti- to facilitate their adaptation to the respective legislative trafficking stakeholders aimed at developing practical OSCE- frameworks of the OSCE participating States affected by the wide guidelines to facilitate better co-ordinated, harmonized migration crisis. and victim-centred identification of human trafficking cases among mixed migration flows. Throughout 2018, the The OSR/CTHB, together with its partners, also continued consultations were conducted in the form of workshops for efforts to translate relevant commitments into practice practitioners, in accordance with the schedule below: through its multi-disciplinary and cross-sectoral project on

38  Police-Related Activities of other Thematic Units

“Combating Human Trafficking along Migration Routes”. Czech Republic, Holy See and Switzerland). In addition, Having the goal to enhance the capacity of the OSCE about 200 individuals from the Italian Carabinieri and other participating States to identify victims of THB in a timely authorities of the host country, UNHCR, the International fashion and effectively prosecute traffickers, the project Centre for Migration Policy Development (ICMPD), the broadened its scope in 2018 by developing and conducting University of Padova, and the municipalities of Venice and simulation-based exercises tailored to different national and Vicenza, provided their support and expertise. sub-regional contexts and delivered in the OSCE’s official languages. In 2018, the OSR/CTHB undertook country visits to Austria and Cyprus and a follow-up visit to Uzbekistan. Each visit From 22 to 26 January, 59 participants from all over Italy encompassed a discussion with government representatives, took part in the OSCE’s first national live simulation-based parliamentarians, members of law enforcement and judiciary, exercise in Italian. The exercise, conducted in the premises of international organizations, and NGOs. These discussions the Centre of Excellence for Stability Police Units in Vicenza, focused on the countries’ efforts on preventing and combating gathered a multi-stakeholder group of trainees, including human trafficking and protecting the rights of trafficking law enforcement officials, prosecutors, labour inspectors, victims. The reports following these visits highlight promising financial investigators, lawyers, social service providers, practices present in the countries, along with challenges and civil society representatives, cultural mediators and asylum areas where anti-trafficking policy has the potential to be authority officers. enhanced.

From 24 to 28 September, the OSR/CTHB organized a first On 12 April, the Special Representative and Co-ordinator for international simulation-based training in Russian, which Combating Trafficking in Human Beings (SR/CTHB) delivered engaged 58 participants from 13 participating States and one a key note address at the conference “Trafficking of human Partner for Co-operation (Israel). The event took place in Nur- beings from a human rights perspective. Local experiences Sultan, in the Regional Hub for Countering Global Threats in a multi-level governance framework”, organized by the established within the Academy of Law Enforcement Agencies Municipality of Venice and attended by representatives of the under the Prosecutor General’s Office of the Republic of Italian Carabinieri, judges and prosecutors. Kazakhstan. To develop the exercise based on regional human trafficking and migration patterns, four co-ordination and On 18 April, the Special Representative and Co-ordinator consultation meetings were conducted by a group of experts. for Combating Trafficking in Human Beings (SR/CTHB) The exercise generated great interest and was organized contributed to a roundtable event on “Strengthening the Role with support from Kazakhstan’s authorities, civil society and of Municipalities and Cities in Preventing and Combating academia, including the MoI and its Academy in Karaganda, Human Trafficking and Exploitation: The Importance of a as well as from the relevant OSCE field operations (Centre in Co-ordinated and Integrated Approach”. The event, which Ashgabat, Programme Office in Bishkek, Programme Office was organized in the framework of the project “Danube Cities in Dushanbe, Programme Office in Nur-Sultan, Project Co- against Human Trafficking”, featured the participation of ordinator in Ukraine and Project Co-ordinator in Uzbekistan) municipalities, local authorities, civil society, academia and and international partners, such as UNHCR and the United law enforcement offices from Austria, Hungary, Italy, Serbia, States Embassy in Nur-Sultan. An overwhelming majority Slovenia, Spain and the United Kingdom. of the trainees, including specialized police detectives and investigators, prosecutors, financial investigators, migration From 23 to 24 April, the OSR/CTHB organized the 18th officials, labour inspectors, lawyers, members of anti- Alliance against Trafficking in Persons conference under trafficking NGOs and of public social services providers, the title, “Everyone Has a Role: How to Make a Difference reported that they would recommend this exercise to their Together”. The event was aimed at promoting the importance colleagues. To meet high demand, the OSR/CTHB is planning of inclusive partnerships to further enhance the coherence to conduct a second training seminar for a Russian-speaking of anti-trafficking efforts and to strengthen co-operation at multi-disciplinary group of approximately 70 participants, the local, national, regional and international level. The two planned to take place from 24 to 28 June 2019. intensive days of discussion demonstrated the crucial value of complementarity and co-ordination mechanisms in detecting From 10 to 14 December, a fifth international simulation- the crime, protecting victims and ensuring their referral, based exercise in English took place, involving 75 beneficiaries compensation and reintegration. A special emphasis was from 31 countries, including three Partners for Co-operation placed on new actors whose engagement would bring added (Israel, Egypt and Australia) and four participating States, who value to anti-trafficking responses. The audience learned of took part for the first time in these live simulations (Andorra, a number of pioneering projects, national experiences and

39  trafficking for forced criminality and for labour exploitation, trafficking in children, and the use of information and communication technologies to commit human trafficking offences.

From 5 to 7 June, the OSR/CTHB contributed to the “Inter-regional workshop on strengthening capacities for effective cross border criminal justice co-operation and national reporting, referral, and co-ordination mechanisms in combating trafficking in persons”, organized in Chisinau, Moldova by UNODC in collaboration with the Permanent Secretariat to Moldova’s National Committee for CTHB. The event was attended by members of the police forces, investigators, prosecutors and judges from Armenia, Police raid to rescue human trafficking victims, conducted Austria, Belarus, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Georgia, as part of an international Russian-language simulation- Kazakhstan, Lithuania, Netherlands, Romania, Sweden, based exercise organized by the OSR/CTHB in Nur-Sultan, Switzerland and Turkey. Kazakhstan, in September 2018. (OSCE/Colin McCullough) On 6 and 7 June 2018, the OSR/CTHB contributed to the promising practices across the OSCE region. The panellists “Regional Round Table on Investigation, Prevention and included representatives of municipalities, parliamentary Prosecution of IT-Facilitated Human Trafficking Crimes”, committees, financial investigators, workers’ rights and organized by the OSCE Project Co-ordinator in Ukraine. religious organizations, as well as survivors themselves, Aimed at increasing the capacity of Ukrainian criminal justice who shared examples of successful partnership models that practitioners in investigating and prosecuting ICT-facilitated broaden the scope and outreach of multi-disciplinary and human trafficking cases, the event was attended by 39 anti- multi-agency programmes. trafficking and cybercrime police officers, prosecutors and judges from Kherson, Mykolayiv, Odesa and Zaporizhia From 10 to 11 May, the OSR/CTHB contributed to an "OSCE- regions. wide Conference on the Reverse Flow of Foreign Terrorist Fighters", conducted in Rome, Italy, by sharing its expertise On 27 June, the OSR/CTHB participated in an international at a side-event on preventing THB for the purpose of terrorist roundtable meeting on “How can aviation contribute to activities. At the side event, which was attended by numerous combatting human trafficking?”, organized by the IOM in national counter-terrorism co-ordinators, senior experts and Bern in co-operation with Switzerland’s Federal Department practitioners, including prosecutors, intelligence officers of Foreign Affairs. The event brought together state, interstate and representatives of ministries, the Office presented the and non-state stakeholders involved in counter-trafficking in preliminary findings of its research on the nexus of human Switzerland, as well as representatives of the aviation industry trafficking and terrorism. and airport border police. The goal of the meeting was to exchange promising practices and strategic lines of action to On 22 May, the SR/CTHB addressed the conference “Ten feed into standardized procedures of THB identification and years of implementation of the Convention on Action against reporting at airports. Trafficking in Human Beings: impact and challenges ahead”, organized by the CoE in Strasbourg, France. Emphasis was On 9 July, the OSR/CTHB contributed to three committee put on the human rights-based and victim-centred approach meetings focused on the project, “CTHB along migration required to prevent trafficking, protect victims, prosecute routes: the importance of a human rights and victim-centred traffickers and engage in partnerships so as to achieve approach”. Among other things, the discussions at these progress in combating human trafficking. meetings elaborated on the role of law enforcement agencies, including specialized units, in addressing THB. On 23 May, the OSR/CTHB and CoE co-organized an annual "Meeting of National Anti-Trafficking Co-ordinators and From 5 to 6 September, the OSR/CTHB took part in a Rapporteurs" in Strasbourg. The participants from 41 OSCE regional roundtable meeting on “Investigation, Prevention participating States and Partners for Co-operation engaged and Prosecution of IT-Facilitated Human Trafficking Crimes”, in an exchange on current trends and patterns of trafficking organized in Vinnytsia, Ukraine by the OSCE Project Co- in human beings, including experiences with tackling human ordinator in Ukraine. Twenty-five Ukrainian police officers,

40  Police-Related Activities of other Thematic Units

investigators, prosecutors and judges used the opportunity judges and presidents of courts from all over the world, to discuss challenges and solutions in the investigation and with a view to exchange experiences and best practices for prosecution of human trafficking cases committed with the strengthening the rule of law. The event was organized by use of ICT. Israel’s Agency for International Development and Co- operation (MASHAV), in co-operation with the OSR/CTHB, On 14 September, the OSR/CTHB contributed to a first in- UNODC, Israel’s Ministry of Justice, and the Israeli Institute person meeting of Tech Against Trafficking (TAT), a coalition for Advanced Judicial Studies. of technology companies collaborating with global experts to help eradicate human trafficking using technology. The event On 18 October, the OSR/CTH took part in a conference on gathered 18 representatives from the TAT Advisory Group “Digital technology: An unprecedented opportunity for the at its U.K. office in London in order to explore and build prevention of trafficking”, organized in Geneva, Switzerland on private sector initiatives to increase the awareness and by the IOM and the Swiss Federal Department of Foreign knowledge of human trafficking and the role technology can Affairs. Around 100 participants attended the event, including play to commit but also to combat human trafficking. from the police and private sector.

From 13 to 14 September, the OSR/CTHB participated in the From 22 to 23 October, the OSR/CTHB contributed to the 2018 “Consultative Meeting in Europe on Human Rights Based OSCE APEM “Future Policing Strategies: Addressing Trends Treatment of Children Accompanying Foreign Terrorist and Changes in a Globalized World”, organized by TNTD/ Fighters”, convened by the UN Office of Counter-Terrorism. SPMU. The OSR/CTHB gave a speech at the session that The meeting took place in Paris and included representatives focused on the adjustments that national and international law of the governments of France, Belgium, Germany, the enforcement agencies have to make to prepare for and address Netherlands and the Russian Federation, as well as of the emerging and future developments, trends and threats. The European Union (EU), represented by the officials from session presented innovative and forward-looking views and their respective counter-terrorism agencies, national police practices from various experts and stakeholders, representing agencies and Ministries of Interior and Justice. The event police chiefs, national law enforcement authorities, criminal focused on the key principles to protect the rights of the child, intelligence agencies, regional organizations and the OSCE. while addressing States’ security concerns. On 24 and 25 October 2018, the OSR/CTHB attended the On 17 and 18 September, Tirana hosted a training seminar TNTD/SPMU-led OSCE Annual Meeting of Heads of Law of the Albanian State Police (ASP) on the investigation Enforcement / Security Co-operation Departments in Vienna and prevention of ICT-facilitated human trafficking and and contributed to the session by providing an overview of exploitation. The seminar was organized by the OSCE the latest trends in the area of organized crime and THB. The Presence in Albania, the OSR/CTHB, the United States statement focused in particular on the means and methods Department of Homeland Security, the Albanian MoI and used by organized criminal groups active in THB, State the ASP. Around 20 participants attended the training event, responses to prevent such trafficking and the need to put the representing the Organised Crime (including the trafficking protection of victims into the centre. sector) and Cybercrime Departments of the ASP. On 29 October, the OSR/CTHB, together with the Austrian On 28 September, the OSR/CTHB contributed to an Task Force on Combating Human Trafficking, the Italian international roundtable event on “Human Trafficking in OSCE Chairmanship, the Vienna Institute for International the Digital Age: The Interplay between ‘New’ Technology, Dialogue and Co-operation, the IOM, the Global Initiative Trafficking and Anti-Human Trafficking. Ethical, Political and Against Transnational Organized Crime and the ICMPD, co- Social Challenges Posed by Online Networks”. The event was organized an event on the occasion of EU Anti-Trafficking convened in the framework of the “Regional Implementation Day on the topic of human trafficking and human rights access Initiative 2018 on Preventing & Combating Human for human trafficking victims. The OSR/CTHB contributed to Trafficking” in Vienna. At the event, international experts, the panel discussion on “Access to Rights from National and practitioners, policy-makers and researchers exchanged International Perspectives”. their views on the challenges posed by technology-driven crimes and ways to leverage technology to enhance the anti- From 31 October to 2 November, the OSR/CTHB attended a trafficking response. regional workshop on “Improving capacities and co-operation in addressing trafficking in persons facilitated through abuse From 14 to 18 October, the OSR/CTHB attended the 4th of internet-based technologies in South-Eastern Europe”, International Seminar for Judges, which gathers every year organized by UNODC in collaboration with the National

41  Commission for CTHB of Bulgaria and the Ministry of Europe Ukraine. The event was attended by 25 Ukrainian police and Foreign Affairs of France in Sofia, Bulgaria. The workshop officers, investigators, prosecutors and judges and had the aim was attended by 49 criminal justice practitioners from origin, to discuss challenges in the investigation and prosecution of transit and destination countries, including Albania, Bosnia ICT-facilitated cases of THB. and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, North Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Romania and Serbia. In November and December, the OSR/CTHB contributed to the development of guidelines on the non-punishment From 13 to 14 November, in Kyiv, the OSR/CTHB, in principle for victims of THB. These guidelines are aimed co-operation with the Project Co-ordinator in Ukraine, at police officers, state prosecutors and judges. The event conducted a training session on CTHB for labour exploitation was initiated by the OSCE Mission to Montenegro. On 12 for 24 representatives of regional CTHB police units from all December, the guidelines were presented to police officers, over Ukraine. A U.K. police expert was invited to share his state prosecutors and judges in Podgorica, Montenegro. experiences on this issue with the Ukrainian counterparts. From 3 to 5 December, the OSR/CTHB contributed On 14 and 15 November, the OSR/CTHB delivered a plenary to a UNODC-led “Regional Expert Group Meeting for address on “Innovations to Tackle Human Trafficking” at Central Asian Countries on Prevention and Responses the Trust Conference organized by the Thomson Reuters to Child Recruitment and Exploitation by Terrorist and Foundation in London. This annual human rights forum Violent Extremist Groups”. The event brought together 46 brought together some 600 delegates from the worlds representatives of prosecutorial, judicial, child protection of activism, civil society, law, government and business, and child rights sectors from four Central Asian countries committed to finding real solutions to fighting slavery, (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan). empowering women, and advancing human rights worldwide.

On 20 and 21 November, the OSR/CTHB participated in a two- day regional roundtable meeting on “Investigation, Prevention and Prosecution of IT-facilitated Human Trafficking Crimes”, organized in Kyiv by the OSCE Project Co-ordinator in

OSR/CTHB – Police-Related Activities 2018

5 Total Information Analysis of Lessons Training 35 Exchange / Institution Learned, Assessments 7 23 and Capacity-Building and Guidelines

ACTIVITIES ON:

General Police Development and Reform 0%

Threats posed by Criminal Activity 100%

42  4 Police-Related Activities of Field Operations South-Eastern Europe 44

Eastern Europe 105

Central Asia 112

43  S outh - Eastern E urope

4.1 Presence in Albania

Introduction Fighting serious and organized crime continued to represent a priority for the Albanian government and the OSCE Presence in Albania (the Presence) has continued to support the Albanian State Police (ASP) in improving the effectiveness of investigative units. In 2018, the intensified co- operation between ASP and European law enforcement structures led to the dismantling of major organized crime groups. The Presence supported relevant Albanian authorities in tackling transnational organized crime through the sharing of best international practices in the functioning of joint investigative teams.

Other areas of Presence assistance included active engagement with the ASP to develop a community policing model and working closely with the MoI and municipalities towards the establishment of new Local and Regional Safety Councils. In the field of illegal migration and border control, the Presence continued to support the Albanian Border and Migration Police (BPM) in implementing the integrated border management strategy and action plan.

BUDGET (UB)*

2018 2017 TOTAL TOTAL 2,917,900 EUR 2,892,700 EUR 12% 84%

11% SECURITY CO-OPERATION SECURITY CO-OPERATION DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT 327,800 EUR 354,300 EUR

STAFF* 2018 2017 TOTAL SECURITY CO-OPERATION TOTAL SECURITY CO-OPERATION DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT 9 Total 9 Total 6 Local Total 11% 6 Local 82.5 Total 3 International 3 International 11% 84

(UB)1

* Figures on budget and staff provided by the OSCE Presence in Albania

44  POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES OF FIELD OPERATIONS SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPE

Activities Related to General the upcoming year. Information sessions with young people were organized to introduce youngsters to the work of LSCs, Police Development and as well as encourage their inclusion and possible participation in LSC meetings and activities in the future. Reform Gender-based and Domestic Violence On 8 and 9 October, the Presence supported a training Police Development and Reform within organized by the ODIHR in co-operation with the MoI Security Sector Reform on implementation of UNSCR 1325 on Women, Peace On 8 and 9 November, together with the OSCE Mission in and Security, addressing gender-based violence while Skopje, the Presence organized a bilateral meeting in Tirana strengthening police oversight. Around 30 Albanian police between officials from the ministries of internal affairs of officers and civil society representatives participated in the North Macedonia and their Albanian counterparts to discuss training, which was held immediately after the adoption of vetting and self-declaration processes in the police force. The an Inter-Institutional Action Plan on the Implementation of visit allowed Macedonian experts to get acquainted with the the UNCSR 1325. The purpose of the training was not only concept, legal base and plans of their Albanian colleagues to strengthen police capacities in investigating gender-based for implementation of the police vetting. Additionally, violence but to understand its root causes and build bridges the delegation met the Parliamentary sub-committee on between police and civil sector organizations. In November, police vetting and representatives from the United States the Presence supported the Albanian Government to approve International Criminal Investigative Training Assistance its first National Action Plan (NAP) for the Implementation of Program (ICITAP) and the European Police Assistance UNSCR 1235 and related resolutions for the period between Mission in Albania (PAMECA V). 2018 and 2020.

Community Policing, Police-Public Specialized Investigations Units / Relations and Crime Prevention Forensics Throughout 2018, the Presence supported the development Since 2014, the Presence has been providing support to of a community policing document and its associated action the ASP Forensic Institute to develop its capacities so as to plan. The document was adopted in late 2018 by the MoI and achieve accreditation according to the international ISO serves as its guiding document for the community policing 17025 standard. philosophy employed in Albania. From 9 to 12 July, this support included a three-day study visit In November, the Presence supported the MoI, Ministry of for members of the Forensic Institute to the Kosovo Forensic Education and the Security Academy in establishing School Agency. The purpose was for the participants to familiarize Security Officers (SSOs) in 150 high schools in Albania by themselves with the Kosovo Forensic Agency’s Laboratory reviewing and benchmarking the concept, job description Information Management System and the standard operating and overall policy. Based on the government’s decision, SSOs procedures (SOP) the Agency uses for the administration were selected among civilians with pedagogical, law and of material evidence from the time it is registered at the social science background. laboratory until the analysis is completed. Since the study visit, the ASP Forensic Institute and Kosovo Forensic Agency From November to December, the Presence worked to have signed a memorandum of co-operation. strengthen the capacities of Local Safety Councils (LSCs) in Cerrik, Elbasan, and Librazhd, which it had established in 2017, through a two-day workshop with LSC members. Participants were trained on addressing community safety and security through a multi-agency model and performance evaluation principles. In the past few years, the Presence has paid special attention to the establishment of LSCs throughout Albania. The aim of the training was to gather members of the LSCs, representing local state and non-state institutions, to identify challenges and opportunities in the functioning of the LSC in the municipality. The final product was an Action Plan to guide the work of each of the LSCs in

45  4.1 Presence in Albania

Activities Related to Threats cocaine production and trafficking from the source countries into the EU, and identify opportunities for operational co- Posed by Criminal Activity operation with partners in other EU countries and worldwide. Course topics included: the strategic picture of the illicit cocaine market; trends in cocaine trafficking, method of Criminal Investigations and Analysis operation and smuggling routes; operations against cocaine producers and smugglers; preventing cocaine smuggling to On 11 and 12 October, the Presence collaborated with Europe; anti-smuggling strategies in co-operation with source ICITAP and the ASP Security Academy for a ToT course countries; the cocaine signature programme; and cocaine on sexual assault investigations. Twenty officials from the concealments. Security Academy who attended the course transferred their knowledge subsequently by training other ASP officers. In Cross-Border Co-operation in Criminal recognition of the serious crime of sexual assault, the ASP Matters established a Sexual Assault Focal Point in 2018. To support During 2018, the Presence enhanced its support to the BMP the newly formed Focal Point, the Presence supplied it with through a series of activities intended to strengthen the stationery and office equipment. To enhance its work, the BMP’s standards and promote trans-border joint activities, Presence provided two sets of anatomically correct doll including operations and information sharing, in compliance families to assist in interviewing children in sexual assault and with recognized international best practices. International abuse investigations. co-operation and intelligence sharing is of crucial importance given developments in recent years with regard to irregular On 14 and 15 November, the Presence, in collaboration with migration. Furthermore, the Presence continued its long- PAMECA V, implemented a workshop on “International lasting support to the cross-border co-operation mechanism Judicial Co-operation with EU Members States − Joint by organizing a series of strategic meetings to promote and Investigation Teams”. The workshop included representatives facilitate international dialogue, co-operation and information from Bulgaria, France and Italy, as well as from the Support to exchange. Anti-Cannabis Strategy – Air Surveillance (SANCAS) project, the Instrument for Pre-accession Assistance (IPA 2017), In May, at the request of the Director of Albania’s BMP, the Albania’s Serious Crimes Prosecutors Office, the General Presence organized and facilitated three meetings with BMP’s Prosecutors Office and the Judicial Police. The workshop’s respective counterparts in Prishtinë/Priština, Podgorica and aim was to inform and encourage the use of Joint Investigative Skopje. The purpose of these meetings was to co-ordinate Teams in combatting transnational organized crime. The efforts in strengthening border control for Albanian citizens event encouraged Albanian prosecutors and judicial police who travel via the airports of these cities towards the Schengen officers to use Joint Investigative Teams as an alternative tool zone of the EU to seek asylum. for this co-operation, to find the best approach and reach the necessary results in the investigation and prosecution of From 3 to 5 August, the Presence organized and facilitated organized crime. a strategic central-level meeting between Albanian and Greek Border Police delegations. The focus of the meeting Illicit Drugs and Chemical Precursors was on measures taken for the tourist season, trafficking of On 16 and 17 July, the Presence supported two members of narcotics and irregular migration. The meeting was followed the ASP Sector against Narcotics and Trafficking to attend by inspection visits at border crossing points between the two the OSCE-wide drug conference held in Vienna. Topics countries. discussed at the conference included integrated and mutually reinforcing programmes to reduce supply and demand of From 15 to 17 October, a study visit was organized for four illicit drugs; the relationship between drug control policy, members of the working group to the Advanced Passenger security and development; prevention, early intervention and Information Center in Schiphol Airport. The Presence education; and development of an international drug control continued its support for the establishment of an API system system. in Albania. After the establishment of the working group on API, its activities were focused on an amendment of the From 27 to 29 November, the Presence supported the existing legislation. From 5 to 9 November, the Presence attendance of a member of the ASP Sector against Narcotics organized a workshop for the API working group that drafted and Trafficking to a training course on cocaine smuggling legal amendments to the Law on Border Control, necessary to by the CEPOL. The aim of the course was to exchange enable the operability of the API. experiences on the routes and modus operandi related to

46  POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES OF FIELD OPERATIONS SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPE

In December 2018, the Presence organized three strategic meetings between Albanian border agencies and relevant authorities of neighbor countries. It also organized two meetings on the regional operational level in 2018 for the border management authorities of North Macedonia, as well as three meetings with their Montenegrin counterparts.

From 26 to 28 December, following negotiations and the signing of Cross-Border Hot Pursuit Protocols between Albania and its neighbours in 2015, the Presence and border police agencies of Tirana and Prishtinë/Priština co-operated in organizing a "cross-border hot pursuit" simulating exercise at the Morinë border crossing point to test the Cross-Border Hot Pursuit Protocol drafted and negotiated in 2015. Members of the Experts’ Negotiation Working Group and representatives of the prosecution office and of the customs administration attended the event. Altogether, 40 participants were able to familiarize themselves with the legal background and concept Participants of a training course on the role of youth in of “cross-border hot pursuit”, by sharing the experience of preventing and countering violent extremism in Pogradec, European countries. In addition, participants discussed the Albania, 21 October 2018. (OSCE/Presence in Albania) co-operation between public order and criminal police and prosecution offices. with tools to better understand concepts of radicalization Counter-Terrorism & P/C VERLT and violent extremism, the means by which youngsters are Throughout 2018, the Presence worked towards the affected and what role they can play in prevention efforts in institutional development of the Coordination Centre on their communities. Countering Violent Extremism (CVE); fostering youth counter-narratives to radicalization leading to violent On 17 and 18 October, the Presence, jointly with TNTD/ATU, extremism; and encouraging quality, evidence-based analysis organized a regional workshop on CVE and civil society. Fifty by supporting young researchers working in this area. policy-makers and civil society representatives from South- Eastern Europe (SEE) participated in the two-day event. The In February, the Presence organized a three-day workshop main objective was to launch the guidebook developed by the on P/C VERLT within the framework of the OSCE project, OSCE on civil society’s role in countering violent extremism, “Creating platforms of counter-messaging and disengagement focusing on their interaction with government authorities, to prevent and counter Violent Extremist Radicalization the challenges and best practices found in the region. Leading to Terrorism”, which was funded by the British Embassy in Tirana. The aim was to enhance the capacities On 20 and 21 November, the Presence, together with the of Albanian researchers and practitioners to understand Co-ordination Centre on CVE and UNODC, organized the and counter violent extremist narratives in the communities “National Workshop on Challenges Related to Returning recognized by law enforcement agencies as hotspots of FTFs”. The workshop aimed to promote the national violent extremism and radicalization, as well as to support management (technical, human resources and knowledge ten Albanian researchers in developing research papers on of risk analysis models) capacities of the BMP to identify different themes related to P/C VERLT in Albania. potential FTFs at border crossing points, in compliance with international human rights standards. It also provided In October and November, the Presence conducted seven a platform for around 40 national stakeholders and experts, workshops on the role of youth in P/C VERLT. Several hot as well as heads of CVE centres in neighbouring countries, spots were selected and over 140 young people from high to discuss the challenges in implementing API Systems schools and universities actively engaged in a full day of in the fight against terrorism. Participants shared good interactive discussions and exercises. Using a range of tools, practices, compared national strategies and legal provisions, such as presentations, documentaries, games and roleplay, and discussed methods to improve national, regional and youngsters were encouraged to contemplate the process international co-operation in dealing with threats originating of radicalization, deconstruct myths and analyse elements from FTFs. of their identity. The workshops aimed to provide them

47  4.1 Presence in Albania

On 18 and 19 December, the Presence facilitated the Trafficking in Human Beings & participation of seven Albanian experts and practitioners Migration-related Crime at a ToT course in Vienna aimed at strengthening Albania’s In December, the Presence, in co-operation with the ASP capacity to disrupt the financing of terrorist networks. Department of BMP, organized one-day training sessions on Participants included members of the General Directorate for irregular migration in Gjirokastra, Korça and Shkodra. The the Prevention of Money Laundering, the Counterterrorism trainees, 30 migration specialists from the regional border Directorate of the State Police, the Counter Intelligence and migration directorates, were familiarized with recent Analytical Directorate and the Training Centre of the State trends of migration flows, profiling and identification of FTFs Intelligence Service (SHISH), as well as the Prosecutor’s among migrants, and pre-screening procedures. Office for Serious Crimes. The course was organized by the TNTD and UNODC/GPML and was the first of a series Cybercrime of progressively advanced training courses on countering As part of a larger OSCE regional capacity-building project the financing of terrorism. Participants were acquainted for SEE's criminal justice institutions, addressing various with complex analytical and operational planning methods thematic aspects of combating cybercrime and cyber-enabled through a training process that focused on localized scenarios crime, a series of six regional training activities were carried based on real life cases. They learned how inter-agency co- out. operation can contribute to disrupting terrorist financial networks and strengthen their skills in the use of instruments Four Albanian trainers, who passed all six regional training and techniques for countering terrorist financing. courses, conducted a first round of training activities from 8 to 12 October in the ASP Security Academy. Sixteen trainees from different police structures, such as those sectors fighting against narcotics, trafficking, money laundering, corruption, crimes committed against persons, property and domestic violence, were trained on Live Data Forensic and Open Source Investigations.

Presence in Albania – Police-Related Activities in 2018

7 Training 14 Analysis of Lessons Total 46 Learned, Assessments 25 Information and Guidelines Exchange / Institution and Capacity-Building

ACTIVITIES ON:

General Police Development and Reform 22%

Threats posed by Criminal Activity 78%

48  POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES OF FIELD OPERATIONS SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPE

A joint delegation of high-level in Dushanbe and facilitated by the Sughd region of Tajikistan, and representatives of the Albanian OSCE Presence in Albania. At a provided recommendations on how border authorities and Montenegrin three-day workshop, the Albanian to integrate the system of shared border police, the Deputy Director representatives shared their border crossing points. Visits such General of the ASP and the Director experiences and best practices in as these demonstrate the OSCE’s General of the Albanian Border operating shared border crossing relevance as a security dialogue Police visited Tajikistan from 23 points with representatives of facilitator between countries in to 30 June. The visit followed on the Tajik border troops, customs different parts of the Organization’s an exchange visit by Tajik border service and Transport Ministry. region. troop officials to Albania in March The joint delegation visited the 2018. Both visits were organized Tajik-Uzbek border crossing points by the OSCE Programme Office Zafarobod and Hashtyak in the

On 21 November, the Presence, along with PAMECA expert, visited five pre-selected sites at the joint border of V and IPA 2017, supported the Albanian State Police’s Albania with North Macedonia. Intensive meetings took “Third International Scientific Conference on Computer place with local and regional police officials, as well as their Crime, Cybercrime and National Security”. Experts from counterparts of the North Macedonia, with the purpose of NATO, Albania, Estonia and Italy presented strategic sharing resources on both sides of the border to improve the aspects of cybercrime and its impact on international fight against cross-border crime and other illegal activities. security; investigation of cybercrime; and legal, economic Addressing these needs in a comprehensive and coherent and psychosocial aspects of cybercrime. More than 100 way contributes to enhancing regional co-operation against representatives participated in the conference. transnational threats.

Border Security and Management / Customs From 21 to 25 May, the Presence, in close co-operation with the BMP and the PAMECA V, conducted a needs assessment visit to the Albanian green border. The team, which was made up of four Albanian experts and one international

49  S outh - Eastern E urope

4.2 Mission to Bosnia and Herzegovina

Introduction Although the OSCE Mission to Bosnia and Herzegovina (the Mission) does not have a dedicated unit working solely on law enforcement issues, and although its assistance is generally focused on non-policing areas of assistance to the security sector, it nonetheless provides systematic support to law enforcement bodies in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) as part of its core programmatic work aimed at reinforcing OSCE principles and commitments related to good governance of the security sector. Law enforcement representatives are meaningfully included and engaged as participants, contributors and beneficiaries in all relevant Mission activities and initiatives, even if they are not the sole target group.

BUDGET (UB)*: N/A**

2018 2017 TOTAL TOTAL 11,647,200 EUR 11,373,600 EUR 84%

STAFF* N/A** 2018 2017 TOTAL OFFICE TOTAL OFFICE 323 Total 320 Total 289 Local Total 287 Local 34 International 320 33 International Total 323

(

* Figures on budget and staff provided by the Mission to Bosnia and Herzegovina. ** The Mission does not have a separate Department on Police-Related Activities.

50  POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES OF FIELD OPERATIONS SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPE

The Mission continues to provide assistance to the host country’s police services to effectively address contemporary and emerging security threats and challenges, including VERLT, terrorism, corruption, hate crimes and domestic violence, as well as to strengthen border management and cyber/ICT security. This is being conducted through training and expert assistance, as well as by fostering inter-agency co- operation and partnerships with civil society. The Mission moreover works closely with law enforcement agencies in advancing gender, youth and ethnic mainstreaming and promoting freedom of assembly.

responsibilities, and produced recommendations and Activities Related to General conclusions to be implemented in 2019. These conclusions and recommendations relate to areas of cyber/ICT security, Police Development and arms control, combating terrorism and its financing, and democratic control of the security sector. Moreover, the Reform conference participants called on the BiH Parliamentary Assembly Joint Defence and Security Committee to continue its activities on parliamentary oversight of the defence Police Development and Reform within and security sectors of BiH, with the aim of improving co- Security Sector Reform ordination in the work of police agencies within the BiH MoS. From 28 September to 30 November, the Mission organized one basic and one advanced BiH Security Policy training Human Rights and Police Accountability course for 30 officials from law enforcement agencies dealing In 2018, the Mission worked closely with the two entities’ with policing, working at different levels of authority, including police services of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) on freedom from the BiH Border Police, the Intelligence Security Agency of peaceful assembly matters. In the Federation of Bosnia and of BiH, the State Investigation and Protection Agency, the Herzegovina (FBiH), the Mission contributed to improving Agency for Forensic Examinations and Expertise, and the the current legislative framework by providing, jointly with Police Support Agency of BiH. The courses contributed to ODIHR, relevant comments to the draft Law on Public the effective implementation of BiH’s security policy and the Assemblies and the draft Law on Prevention of Violence and application of procedures that deal with emerging security Misbehaviour at Sports Events. issues by relevant BiH institutions. Complex and wide- ranging aspects of security were discussed and examined The Mission organized one training course for Tuzla Canton by participants, including the current state of affairs with police services on freedom of peaceful assemblies, held on 6 regard to migration flows and asylum policy in BiH, trends March. It co-organized with ODIHR two training courses for in countering terrorism and violent extremism, the threat of senior police officials from both BiH entities on international cybercrime and cyber terrorism, and the need to further build human rights standards in policing peaceful assemblies, integrity in the security sector, as well as to further improve held from 9 to 11 April in Sarajevo and from 12 to 14 April public communication and inter-agency co-ordination in in Banja Luka. The Mission also facilitated the participation crisis management. of selected senior police officials in a regional ToT workshop in Podgorica, Montenegro, in co-operation with ODIHR and Strategic Planning including Threat with the participation of senior police officials from SEE. In Assessments late 2018, the Mission worked on translating and printing the From 28 to 30 November, representatives of police bodies in OSCE-ODIHR’s publication, Human Rights Handbook on BiH, including ministries of interior, the State Investigation Policing Assemblies. and Protection Agency of BiH, the Intelligence-Security Agency of BiH, the Directorate for Co-ordination of Police Throughout the year, the Mission monitored some 120 Bodies in BiH, the Police of Brčko District of BiH and the public assemblies across the country with an emphasis on Border Police of BiH participated at the “11th Annual Review any contentious issues, such as the protests in Banja Luka on Compliance with OSCE and UN Commitments of BiH”, and Kruščica. It regularly liaised with local law enforcement in Sarajevo. They contributed to the annual assessment, officials to gather additional information about police conduct presented progress reports from their relevant areas of and decision-making prior and during public assemblies.

51 4.2 Mission to Bosnia and Herzegovina

In recognition of the significance of the safety of journalists, Gender-based and Domestic Violence and working toward an improved co-operation and mutual Training seminars for police officers on police intervention understanding between law enforcement agencies and media in cases of domestic violence remained high on the Mission’s professionals, the Mission organized two workshops for 80 agenda, in view of the most recent data that suggests that police officers from the State Investigation and Protection nearly 50 per cent of women in BiH over the age of 15, have Agency (SIPA) in April and November in Istočno Sarajevo. experienced some form of violence. The workshops focused on the rights and responsibilities of media and police, their mutual relations, and the investigation In 2018, the Mission continued its co-operation with police of attacks and threats against journalists. The activity structures across BiH on combating domestic violence contributed to an increased awareness and strengthened and promoting gender equality. The Mission had assisted capacities of the participating police officers to more effectively the FBiH Gender Centre in 2014 to develop a database on ensure the safety of journalists, improve the law enforcement domestic violence, which connects all relevant institutions, response to crimes against journalists, and allow journalists including the police, in a network that was established to track to fully exercise their right to report and access information. domestic violence cases. The network, consisting of SOS lines The Mission also used the opportunity to present to the for victims of domestic violence, social welfare centres, safe participants the OSCE Guidelines for Co-operation between houses and police, decreases the need for repeated testimony Media and Police. of victims/survivors and so protects them from secondary victimization. Building on this tangible result, the Mission co- Community Policing, Police-Public operated with the BiH Association of Women Police Officers Relations and Crime Prevention and the FBiH Gender Centre on sustained education of police From 14 to 15 May, the Mission provided support to the officers and other relevant parties on the use of the database TNTD/SPMU and ODIHR-organized pilot training course for and sharing of good practices on police interventions in cases community policing officers based on the OSCE Guidebook of domestic violence. Since 2014, the Mission has supported on Community Policing Approaches to P/C VERLT. The two- training and capacity-building of more than 800 police officers day training was attended by 21 community policing officers in FBiH on the use of the database. and senior police officers from the MoI of Canton Sarajevo, as well as five representatives of civil society who shared their The Mission also partnered with the Republika Srpska (RS) perspectives on the preventive role of community policing. Association of Women Police Officers to provide training to The training course was aimed at increasing the knowledge police structures in the RS on provisions of the RS Criminal of community policing officers regarding their role in P/C Code and the RS Law on Combating Domestic Violence, as well VERLT, to obtain their feedback as well as their input on the as to share good practices on police interventions in cases of pilot training so as to finalize and roll it out in other locations. domestic violence. Upon adoption of the Brčko District BiH Law on Combating Domestic Violence in 2018, the same From 3 to 8 June, the Mission organized its annual Youth training was provided to Brčko District Police. and Security Summer School, in partnership with the BiH Council of Ministers’ Inter-Ministerial Working Group for In 2018, the new leadership of the BiH Association of Women Monitoring the Implementation of BiH’s Security Policy. Police Officers was supported by the Mission to organize The event was attended by more than 20 young female and training courses for members of the Association on the male security experts from public and private universities principles of gender equality and relevant legislation. These across the country. They were familiarized with the mission, courses contributed to an improved awareness and knowledge roles, responsibilities and daily work of the different security of women police officers on legal protections in cases of sector institutions and their key partners, including the role sexual and other forms of harassment, matters of concern of civil society, the significance of and various approaches to which often remain underreported. In co-operation with the implementation of the security policy framework, and the Mission’s Rule of Law Section, the Gender Unit also supported challenges and trends related to broader security-related a successful training event for shift leaders in Tuzla Canton on matters. The School also benefited the participants from gender perspectives relevant to police work. security sector institutions, who were given an opportunity to raise their awareness on youth-specific needs and priorities Hate Crime in an open and constructive exchange of views and opinions. In 2018, the Mission continued its capacity-building and Moreover, the School attained one of its foremost aims: to awareness-raising activities involving law enforcement increase trust and confidence of the public in security and agencies and other relevant stakeholders in order to improve defence institutions. the criminal justice system’s response to bias-motivated incidents and hate crimes in BiH. The Mission maintained its

52  POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES OF FIELD OPERATIONS SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPE

focus on the security and equality aspects of this issue. Based on the good practice established in previous years, the Mission presented its monitoring findings and paired up internal expertise with external trainers to deliver presentations at its training and public information events.

Overall, the Mission organized two workshops and five roundtable meetings, two of which in co-operation with the NGO Sarajevo Open Centre, targeting more than 140 law enforcement representatives in seven locations across the country, both at the local and state level. In addition, the Mission delivered six presentations at local events and police stations around the country, bringing together 120 participants from law enforcement and other stakeholders. The presentations focused on the definition of hate crimes, the Mission’s findings on the current situation in BiH, the relevant legal framework and the importance of proper Signing ceremony in Sarajevo Canton of the Protocol on investigation and prosecution. Children Victims of Illegal Actions. 2 October 2018, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina (OSCE/Vedran Pribilovic) Presentations on hate crimes and the Mission’s monitoring findings were also part of events under the umbrella of the counter-terrorism and P/C VERLT activities implemented Plan, as well as by enabling relevant BiH representatives to by the Mission, such as events for local stakeholders in adequately participate at OSCE and other international and Zavidovići, Mostar and Brčko on 11 October, 22 November and regional forums dealing with counter-terrorism and P/C 4 December, respectively. VERLT-related issues. The aim is foremost to build national capacities to address issues by raising awareness within the The continuous capacity-building and awareness-raising with country and to facilitate the exchange of international and law enforcement and other justice sector actors resulted in national expertise and good practices in this field. one hate crimes verdict reached in 2018 by applying hate crimes provisions from the amended 2016 Criminal Code On 20 and 22 February, the Mission organized a workshop on of the Federation of BiH. This is the fourth final verdict on the development of the first Monitoring Body’s “Report on charges of hate crimes reached in BiH since the legislation Implementation of the BiH 2015-2020 Strategy for Prevention was amended, and the first final verdict reached in the FBiH of and Fight against Terrorism” and associated Action Plans. on the basis of the amended provisions. Members of the Monitoring Body and representatives of international organizations that support the implementation of the Strategy and its Action Plans, including the Mission, produced a draft report which was submitted to the Council of Ministers of BiH for review and adoption. The draft report Activities Related to Threats includes the Mission’s programmatic activities related to counter-terrorism and P/C VERLT, the rule of law, hate Posed by Criminal Activity crimes, democratic governance, human rights and gender equality.

Counter-Terrorism & P/C VERLT On 26 and 27 March, Mission members participated in and The Mission continuously assists relevant institutions in supported the participation of two prosecutors from the BiH BiH in their efforts to effectively counter-terrorism and P/C Prosecutor’s Office in the “FATF/OSCE/CoE MONEYVAL VERLT through co-ordinated action at all levels of authority, Workshop for Judges and Prosecutors: Experiences, through capacity-building and awareness-raising on relevant Challenges and Best Practices”, held in Strasbourg, France. international and domestic regulatory and institutional The Workshop provided a platform for gathering and sharing frameworks. This is mainly done by supporting the BiH experiences, challenges and best practices in investigating Council of Ministers’ Monitoring Body for Implementation and prosecuting money laundering and terrorist financing, as of the BiH 2015-2020 Strategy for the Prevention of and well as seizures and confiscation of criminal proceeds. Fight against Terrorism (the Monitoring Body) and its Action

53  4.2 Mission to Bosnia and Herzegovina

From 14 to 16 May, the Mission organized a P/C VERLT development of several preventive activities for the locations interactive table-top exercise (TTX), in co-operation in question. with the Partnership for Peace Consortium − Counter- terrorism Working Group, bringing together more than On 12 and 13 November, the Mission co-organized with 70 representatives from State, entity, cantonal and local- RACVIAC – Centre for Security Cooperation, a “Workshop level governments, including the security sector and CSOs. on developing Strategies on Rehabilitation and Reintegration Participants exchanged expertise, views and ideas on ways of FTF” in Tirana, Albania. The event provided a regional in which relevant institutions and other actors can more forum to discuss challenges, priorities and lessons learned effectively address security challenges presented by VERLT, in this area, as well as ways to facilitate the engagement of specifically as it relates to former combatants who have civil society in the process of reintegrating returning foreign returned to the community from foreign battlefields. The fighters and their family members into communities during TTX resulted in a set of conclusions agreed upon by the and after judicial proceedings. The Mission presented its P/C participants on possible location-specific measures regarding VERLT programme at the event, with an emphasis on the prevention, intervention and mitigation of VERLT. practical challenges of engaging civil society and other non- traditional security actors, such as social services, education Between 18 June and 11 October, in Mostar and Zavidovići, institutions, religious and inter-religious organisations, into the Mission organized three one-day multi-stakeholder an effective process of rehabilitation and reintegration of workshops on local level responses to P/C VERLT. family members of returning FTFs. Representatives of police administrations, religious communities, social services, academia, CSOs and the health From 3 to 5 December, the Mission organized a capacity- and education sectors were given an opportunity to increase building event for members of the Brčko District Co- their knowledge of the process of radicalization into violence, ordinating Body for monitoring the implementation of the hate crimes and bias-motivated incidents; the psychological “BiH Strategy for Prevention and Countering Terrorism aspects of radicalization; as well as the role of faith, religion 2015-2020”, as well as for representatives of the police and ideology in P/C VERLT. The event moreover generated administration, civil society, education, health and social an open and constructive discussion on the role of local protection sectors. The event contributed to an enhanced institutions in P/C VERLT. and provided room for the joint dialogue and co-operation between the relevant stakeholders

Mission to Bosnia and Herzegovina – Police-Related Activities in 2018

Total Information Training Analysis of Lessons 127 30 175 Exchange / Institution Learned, Assessments and Capacity-Building and Guidelines 18

ACTIVITIES ON:

General Police Development and Reform 87%

Threats posed by Criminal Activity 13%

54  POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES OF FIELD OPERATIONS SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPE

and established a good foundation for partnership and joint In its wider efforts to advocate for a victim-centred approach action in P/C VERLT. Since the Co-ordinating Body is tasked toward child trafficking cases, the Mission assisted relevant with planning and overseeing the implementation of P/C authorities in their efforts to tackle the widespread problem VERLT activities, the event helped ensure that all members of child begging on the streets of the country’s capital. This better understand the sensitivities and complexities related to activity resulted in the development of the country’s first- the subject, as well as the necessity of tailoring P/C VERLT ever protocol that defines and details the steps relevant activities to the specific needs of a given location, based on authorities have to take in cases involving child victims of a thorough conflict analysis and in line with human rights crimes and other illegal actions. The Protocol was signed standards, also in order to avoid causing unintended harm. by representatives of police and other relevant institutions of the Sarajevo Canton on 2 October in the presence of the Trafficking in Human Beings & Migration- Head of the OSCE Mission. Finally, the Mission also provided related Crime support to authorities, including the police in the Bosna- In 2018, the Mission paid particular attention to migration- Podrinje Canton and the municipalities of Žepče, Maglaj and related challenges and continued its efforts to strengthen the Zavidovići, in their efforts to create similar protocols. domestic authorities’ capacity to counter THB. The Mission supported in particular the enhancement of the institutional Cybercrime and policy framework and promoted the professional Throughout the year, in co-ordination with the TNTD/ development of law enforcement officers. SPMU, the Mission supported the regional SEE project aimed at increasing the capacities of criminal justice practitioners, As the number of migrants and refugees entering Bosnia and including police, prosecutors, judges and defence lawyers, Herzegovina began to steadily rise at the beginning of the to counter cybercrime and cyber-enabled crime through year, the Mission conducted an assessment of the refugee ToT programmes. This three-year capacity-building project, and migrant situation in BiH. This assessment is based on which ends in April 2019, has helped develop and enhance data collected by the Mission during the first six months of the responsiveness, professional knowledge and skills of the 2018 and contains specific recommendations for the BiH participants. The project’s ToT component allowed two Border Police and other law enforcement agencies. Overall, police practitioners from FBiH and RS to become trainers the Mission sees the need for more effective and clear of a wider group of police beneficiaries and police academia communication and the dissemination of clear guidelines and teachers, thereby assuring sustainability and continuity of the training for law enforcement officers, with a particular focus training process. on identifying victims of THB among the migrant and refugee population. On 17 September and 11 and 12 October, the Mission supported the first in-country courses on cybercrime and At the beginning of the year, the Mission provided police cyber-enabled crime at the FBiH Police Academy and RS authorities in Tuzla with a leaflet aimed at improving their Police Training Centre. More than 30 beneficiaries were practical capacity to identify victims of trafficking and given an opportunity to broaden their knowledge and skills in investigate THB cases. This activity is a direct result of a fighting cybercrime and cyber-enabled crime more effectively training event organized by the Mission for 40 in-service and within the framework of human rights and the rule of law. police officers of Tuzla Canton on THB in May 2017. At that The Mission will continue to support the follow-up in-country event, it was concluded that proper understanding of the training courses in 2019 and will explore whether the relevant relevant legal norms by the police is vital for their efforts to training institutions can incorporate classes and training detect and report THB cases to the prosecution, especially materials on cybercrime into their standard curricula. when they manifest as (child) begging and labour exploitation. In the course of 2018, the Mission initiated an inclusive Throughout the year, the Mission trained more than 80 law discussion among an informal group of experts and enforcement officers from all over the country on capacity- practitioners toward the development of an adequate building THB for the purpose of forced begging and sexual framework for a comprehensive and strategic approach exploitation. These capacity-building events were organized to cyber-related matters in BiH. Representatives of the RS in Tuzla in March, in Livno in June and in Bijeljina and Banja and FBiH Ministries of Interior, the State Investigation and Luka in December. Owing to the continuous capacity-building Protection Agency of BiH, the Intelligence-Security Agency efforts of the Mission, the police in Tuzla Canton ultimately of BiH, the Directorate for the Co-ordination of Police Bodies identified two alleged perpetrators and five presumed child in BiH, Police of Brčko District of BiH, and the Border Police victims of human trafficking for the purpose of forced begging. of BiH participated in the work of the group and engaged

55  4.2 Mission to Bosnia and Herzegovina

in an open and constructive exchange of information and the collaborative development of a document containing proposals and guidelines toward a cyber/ICT security framework in BiH.

Border Security and Management The Mission provided valuable support in developing a Handbook on Protected Documents that is aimed at enhancing the professional ability of BiH Border Police officers to detect new document-forging techniques and improve their knowledge of the latest document-protection technologies. The Handbook is a part of the Border Police’s efforts to stay abreast of the continuous introduction of ever-more sophisticated physical, optical and electronic document- protection techniques in this field and to raise awareness of the adaptability of criminals to these new technologies.

56 South - E astern E urope

4.3 Mission in Kosovo

Introduction The OSCE Mission in Kosovo (the Mission) is mandated with the protection and promotion of human and community rights, as well as with democratization and public safety sector development. It regularly delivers advanced and specialized training courses for law enforcement agencies to further improve their capacities.

In 1999, the OSCE was mandated with training the new police service to uphold human rights and democratic policing principles. To do so, the Mission’s Department of Police Education and Development (DPED) created an institution called the Kosovo Police Service School that in 2006 evolved into the Kosovo Centre for Public Safety Education and Development (KCPSED) and in 2011 into the Kosovo Academy for Public Safety (KAPS). In order to better reflect the broader context of its programmes in justice, safety and security sector development, the DPED itself became the Department for Security and Public Safety (DSPS) in 2006.

BUDGET (UB)*

2018 2017 TOTAL TOTAL 17,462,600 EUR 17,684,200 EUR 8% 84% 9% DEPARTMENT FOR DEPARTMENT OF SECURITY AND PUBLIC POLICE EDUCATION AND SAFETY DEVELOPMENT 1,607,700 EUR 1,490,100 EUR

STAFF* 2018 2017 TOTAL DEPARTMENT FOR TOTAL DEPARTMENT FOR SECURITY AND PUBLIC SECURITY AND PUBLIC SAFETY SAFETY 45 Total Total 44 Total 9% 31 Local 510 31 Local Total 9% 14 International 13 International 504

(UB)1

* Figures on budget and staff provided by the Mission in Kosovo.

57  4.3 Mission in Kosovo

In 2018, the DSPS continued to provide strategic, capacity-building, advisory, monitoring and technical support to its partners from the Kosovo Police (KP) and other public safety institutions. It ran UB and ExB project activities consisting of specialized and advanced training courses, conferences, seminars, workshops and roundtable meetings, focusing on building the capacities of the KP and other public safety institutions to prevent and counter various forms of transnational threats. Such activities encompassed the threat of organized crime, cybercrime, terrorism and violent extremism and radicalization, and THB, as well as the enhancement of community policing and the community safety infrastructure. The DSPS also continued to contribute to the drafting of new strategies and to the review of several existing ones, in order to enhance the security sector.

The DSPS also utilized its small field presence in the Mission’s regional offices of Gjilan/ Gnjilane, Mitrovica/Mitrovicë North, Mitrovicë/Mitrovica South, Pejë/Peć and Prishtinë/ Priština, to monitor the human rights compliance of the KP, with a particular focus on hate crimes.

In its activities related to the advancement of community rights, the Department of Human Rights and Communication (DHRC) co-operates with the police and contributed to this report with several activities.

Activities Related to General senior managers of local, regional and central police services, attended the workshops. Police Development and On 23 and 24 October, the Mission supported the KP in Reform facilitating a workshop to finalize the Guide on Implementing and Monitoring the Public Confidence and Satisfaction Programme. Following the successful development, Police Monitoring and Confidence-Building implementation and monitoring of a public confidence and From February to October, the Mission supported the KP in satisfaction pilot programme in the police station of Ferizaj/ facilitating nine one-day workshops on the “Confidence and Uroševac, and the design of victim’s package and awareness- Satisfaction Programme” for police sector chiefs and other raising materials for a wider public, victims and police officers, first line managers. The aim of this activity was to ensure that the Mission simultaneously commenced the work on this first line police managers understand this programme, the role guide in an attempt to monitor public confidence in the police and responsibilities of police officers and the methodology and satisfaction levels of victims of crime with the policing used by their subordinates, in order to enable them to deal service. The workshop assisted 40 participants, including with issues affecting public confidence and satisfaction with police managers and front line officers, the Police Inspectorate policing. The Mission presented material on programme of Kosovo (PIK), UNDP and the Mission’s representatives principles, including the use of victim packs and awareness- to cross-examine the structure and the content foreseen raising materials produced and delivered to the police in 2017. in the guide, as well as to explore ways to make it fully Additionally, a short overview on the requirements of the new operational. Among other issues, this set of practical tools Community Policing Strategy and Action Plan 2017-2021 was contains key drivers of an improved confidence in policing, presented and elaborated at the workshops. Moreover, as a including public’s engagement with the police, fair treatment, lesson learned, the regional senior police managers provided effectiveness in dealing with crime, alleviating local anti- details regarding the practical steps undertaken by Ferizaj/ social behaviour and tackling local problems. Furthermore, Uroševac staff and challenges addressed during the pilot the document entails concrete examples, ways to embrace phase of this programme. The workshops took place in all quality of service and embed victim care into the culture of police regions, with an additional one organized for the the KP as a key to driving change and improving professional participants of the KP General Directorate. A total of 342 performance, as well as the roles and responsibilities of officers from various police units, including mid-level and supervisors, investigators and police managers in this process.

58  POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES OF FIELD OPERATIONS SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPE

Police Development and Reform within within local diverse communities and how operational Security Sector Reform plans are designed and delegated to police when managing On 2 March, the Mission delivered a media relation training different critical incidents. During the training, participants to 17 participants of the KP, Customs, Correctional Service, were mentored by SWP senior policewomen and spread into Emergency Management Agency and KAPS who attended different police districts across South Wales, which enabled the first line supervision course at the KAPS. This specifically them to network and ensure that the sharing of knowledge, designed media training for public safety institutions covered successes and challenges continues after the conclusion of the issues pertaining to the Kosovo media landscape and legal training. framework, as well as issues related to the media monitoring bodies. The gained knowledge was also practiced through a On 12 June, following a training on developing an e-learning number of specific on-job scenarios designed to cover multi- platform provided to the KP in 2017, the Mission facilitated sectorial involvement in communication. It was emphasized a research visit for five police managers to the CEPOL in throughout the training that professional and resourceful Hungary, where they were familiarized with the e-learning communication between public safety agencies and the media platform used by CEPOL to provide training to its members. is of great importance and beneficial to the people, as they will During the research visit, particular focus was also given be informed about the work and achievements of the public to equipping participants with knowledge and skills on the safety sector in a timely fashion. development and management of training update and upgrade of ICT systems, procedures for monitoring and evaluating On 11 April, an additional media relation training for 21 the training, and recording of participation and participant’s participants of the mid-management course was delivered assessment. This research visit is part of the Missions’ efforts by the Mission at the KAPS, which hosted, apart from the to support the KP in the process of establishing an e-learning institutions named above, also participants of the Albanian platform for its internal training, which is also envisioned Correctional Service. In general, the training involved in the KP Training Strategy and Action Plan 2014-2018, the matters related to the role of the media in covering the work overall implementation of which is supported by the Mission. and achievements of public safety institutions. Additionally, the role of the media as a mechanism for keeping the public On 5 November, the Mission handed over 30 computers to informed with an aim to create and maintain a positive image the KAPS with an aim to support it in functionalizing the and a strong relationship with the public was constantly e-learning platform developed by the EU Office in Kosovo, emphasized. In order to prepare them to cover their activities as a key quality assurance component for institutions aiming through different media arrangements, participants were to become part of the European Higher Education Area. introduced to the use of professional journalist formats to This newly promoted method is expected to enable the convey their messages to the audience. The gained knowledge law enforcement students to integrate international and was also practiced through on-the-job specific scenarios, local practices for student-centred learning in the form of whereas the presentation of each participant was evaluated distance, combined and work-based learning, or simulation. through group discussions. Additionally at this event, the Head of the Mission delivered a speech and a presentation on “Community policing in From 29 April to 2 May, the Mission concluded its training preventing transnational threats” to the new generation of law programme on operational command duties for 13 senior enforcement bachelor students of the Faculty for Public Safety. KP women officers with a practical training at South Wales Among other issues, the Head of the Mission emphasized Police (SWP) in Cardiff, United Kingdom. This training the importance of mastering the advanced technologies follows the programme developed in co-operation with the used by police as a tool for preventing cyber threats. He also KP and Association of Women in Kosovo Police (AWKP), highlighted the crucial role of community policing in P/C which consisted of another two training modules, one on VERLT and in the illicit trafficking of small arms and light management and leadership skills in 2016, and the other weapons (SALW) as a crucial counter-terrorism measure. on operational commanders’ duties in 2017. Overall, the training aimed at empowering police women by developing From 12 to 14 November, the Mission facilitated a multi- their skills and competencies for management and leadership institutional workshop in order to support the KAPS to positions. This five-day practical training provided the review the implementation of its Development Strategy participating policewomen with an opportunity to closely 2016-2018, as well as to draft the new strategy and action observe how the SWP applies principles of decision-making plan for the period 2019-2022. The functionalization of models for operational commanders’ duties and how strategic the KAPS Faculty for Public Safety, accreditation and re- operational and tactical command decisions are taken. They accreditation of a bachelor degree for public safety, creation also learned how the SWP maintains trust and confidence of an institute for research, standardization and accreditation

59  4.3 Mission in Kosovo

of basic vocational training for all law enforcement agencies On 4 and 5 December, the Mission organized two workshops based on the European Qualification Framework were some to facilitate the annual revision of the KP Human Resources of the results that were deemed successfully implemented Strategy 2016-2020 and the KP Training Strategy 2014-2018, in the framework of the KAPS strategy 2016-2018. In the action plans of which were assessed to measure the addition, activities aimed at further developing the KAPS implementation, as well as to address challenges faced during into an education centre of excellence, responsible for law the implementation. In general, the implementation of action enforcement professional training, bachelor and master plans for this year was deemed successful by participants. On programmes, including scientific research on security and 12 and 13 December, the Mission facilitated the drafting of public safety matters, were agreed among the working group the new KP Training Strategy and Action Plan 2019-2021, members to be incorporated for implementation in the new with the aim to reinforce and advance the police training strategy. The workshop gathered the working group members management systems, further build their training capacities consisting of senior representatives of the KAPS and all public for an enhanced quality of training, develop new training safety agencies, as well as international partners such as the programmes and improve the training infrastructure. The Mission, ICITAP and EU Twinning Project advisors. Mission actively engaged in the drafting process of this strategy and offered its recommendations in line with its From 5 to 7 December, the Mission supported the KP mandate to enhance human resources capacities and career in hosting a delegation of SWP senior management and opportunities for women and non-Albanian communities in facilitated the signing of a bilateral co-operation protocol the security sector. on strengthening and empowering the role of women in the police. This protocol aims to increase the co-operation Human Rights and Police Accountability between the police services through mentoring as a mean to Supported by the Mission’s in-house experts, the PIK support officers’, and especially senior policewomen’s, career reviewed its Development Strategy and Action Plan 2014- and personal development, as well as an exchange of best 2018 in a workshop facilitated by the Mission on 18 October practices in community policing and in achieving gender in Prishtinë/Priština. This annual revision assisted the PIK equality across the ranks in accordance with women’s quota senior managers and representatives of the MoI to assess the in all police regions. Furthermore, the protocol is expected to achievement of objectives, and to identify shortcomings and support an exchange of best practices in fighting transnational challenges encountered during the implementation stage. crime such as terrorism, drugs trafficking, illegal migration In addition, the revision also served as an opportunity to and THB, by also involving joint police activities and projects identify goals and objectives for the upcoming three-year of common interest and scientific research initiatives. development strategy of the agency.

Human Resources / Police Management On 19 October, further on this subject, the Mission From 20 August to 31 October, in co-operation with the KP organized an additional workshop to identify and analyse the Training Division, the Mission assisted in the completion of the development priorities for the upcoming PIK development research on mid-level management training for police officers strategy. The workshop served as a forum for senior PIK as part of their promotion process. The aim of this activity managers, MoI representatives and Mission experts to was to develop the skills of the KP staff to conduct scientific identify, analyse and determine priority areas for development, empirical research on areas related to their mandate. Twelve such as human resource management, operational capacity- members of the police were trained and coached and regularly building, logistical improvements and local and international participated in the research conducted by the Mission, which co-operation. Worth noting is that the priorities identified involved data gathering on the field and drafting of the are in line with the mandate of the agency, as well as with findings. The activity focused on increasing their skills in the Mission’s goals in ensuring credible, professional and setting objectives, locating published information, locating responsible police oversight in Kosovo. Finally, these priorities and using online material and information sources, search were further discussed and analysed during the workshop for strategies, recording searches, using scholarly journals, finalizing the PIK Development Strategy and Action Plan evaluating journal articles and report writing. This activity is 2019-2021, organized by the Mission from 6 to 8 December. expected to enable the senior police managers to base future The new strategy focuses on further growth of PIK capacities strategic decisions related to specific competencies of the in ensuring transparency and accountability of the KP. The police on data generated as a result of empirical research. A Mission’s contribution specifically focused on strengthening report based on the research, highlighting the challenges and the co-operation between the PIK and the public, and on problems encountered during the process, was prepared and increasing the professionalism of its staff through specialized provided to the KP for identifying areas which require further training. development.

60  POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES OF FIELD OPERATIONS SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPE

Anti-Corruption From 17 to 19 October, in co-operation with the Italian Embassy in Prishtinë/Priština and supported by the OSCE Chairmanship, the Mission delivered a specialized training on anti-corruption to around 40 representatives of the KP, PIK, Anti-Corruption Agency (ACA), FIU and prosecutors. During the training, two representatives of the Italian Guardia di Finanza delivered a presentation on the structure of the Italian ACA and investigation phases in regards to corruption. Additionally, an Italian prosecutor, specialized in anti-corruption matters, presented the relevant judicial aspects in combating corruption. Among other topics, the training focused on preventive and repressive activities in fighting corruption, investigative techniques into corruption cases, international tools for combatting money laundering, tracking of financial flows in a money laundering investigation, Sixty young Kosovo Roma, Kosovo Ashkali and Kosovo methods of identifying cases of corruption within public Egyptians participating in a three-day orientation workshop offices, and criminal asset recovery in the strategy against at the Kosovo Academy for Public Safety in Vushtrri/Vučitrn corruption. to increase their understanding of police work and the benefits of joining the police. September 2018 Gender and Ethnic Mainstreaming (OSCE/Bylent Ribari) On 8 March, the Mission and the KAPS marked the International Women’s Day with the presence of senior police managers, representatives of the PIK, MoI, KAPS instructors police and in empowering police women in management and academic staff, as well as Mission’s strategic partners and leadership positions. The Mission remains committed from EU, EULEX, ICITAP and the UN Mission in Kosovo to continue promoting the role of women in policing and (UNMIK), who jointly highlighted the contribution of women enabling policewomen to fully contribute in delivering an to social, economic, cultural and political life, as well as their inclusive service to local communities. important contribution to the public safety and security sector. Emphasizing the important role that women play in On 25 and 26 October, the Mission facilitated a workshop the police and the Mission’s support in raising awareness and provided its contribution in reviewing and evaluating the and encouraging women to become part of the police, the AWKP Development Strategy and Action Plan 2016-2018. KP Deputy General Director pledged to further commit to The workshop hosted the working group members consisting increasing the number of women in the organization this year. of the newly elected board members of the AWKP, uniformed and civilian representatives of women in police, and senior On 19 September, the Mission, in co-operation with the officers of other relevant police units. The workshop was KP, hosted a reception for representatives of institutions opened by the KP General Director who praised the work and international organizations working on public safety of former AWKP leadership and emphasized his request and security in Kosovo, to celebrate the 2018 International to cascade activities at the local level as a way to contribute Leadership Award received by Colonel Taibe Canolli for her to the development of capacities of women in all ranks and accomplishments in law enforcement and public safety. In regions of the KP. The workshop also highlighted that the recognition of her performance as the Director of KP’s Human commitment of women in the KP and the support of its Resources Department and former Head of the AWKP, senior management, along with the close co-operation with Colonel Canolli was awarded by the International Association international partners, such as the Mission, Norwegian of Women Police (IAWP) at the annual conference held in Embassy and the U.S. Embassy Bureau of International August 2018 in Calgary, Canada, where women in policing Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs in Kosovo, enabled from across the globe gather for training, networking and the implementation of 93 per cent of activities in the Action sharing knowledge and experience in policing. Additionally, Plan. during this conference Colonel Canolli was also appointed as a member of the Board of Directors, where she took over the Community Policing, Police-Public responsibility of IAWP for the Central and Eastern Europe Relations and Crime Prevention region. In his speech, the General Director of the KP praised On 27 June and 18 December, the Mission supported the the Mission’s contribution in building the capacity of the KP in facilitating workshops for the bi-annual revision

61  4.3 Mission in Kosovo

of the implementation of Community Policing Strategy with updates relating to their contribution in the safety sector, and Action Plan 2017-2021. During both workshops, including activities implemented to support LPSCs, MCSCs attendees were briefed on the implementation progress of and the KP. the Strategy’s Action Plan through members of different police units, followed by a detailed presentation of the On 29 and 30 September, the Mission supported the Kosovo Mission, highlighting its support provided to the police Paralympic Committee and KAPS to host the Mini-Olympic and community safety forums. The workshops also helped Games 2018 for people with special needs. This year, the to identify implementation difficulties, shortcomings and activity was part of the European Week of Sport, held for recommendations for future implementation. One of the the first time in Kosovo under the Patronage of the Ministry highlighted challenges constituted in the great number of of Culture, Youth and Sport under the motto, #BEACTIVE. officers engaged in non-police duties, such as in assisting Aiming to contribute to the community policing philosophy private enforcement agents, securing buildings and other, and develop trust between police and people with special which does not allow them to fully commit to community needs, the Mission supports this annual event for the last 14 policing related activities. In total, 40 participants from the years by gathering members of all communities with special police and the Mission, including representatives of the PIK, needs and providing them with an opportunity to socialize, UNDP and ICITAP, were involved in both revisions of the compete and become familiar with the work of security Strategy and the Action Plan, the implementation status of officers. During this two-day tournament, more than 450 which was assessed as progressive since among 54 planned young people with disabilities and their family members activities, 43 were reported as fully implemented, eight took part in different sport activities such as: wheelchair run, partially implemented, and three as not addressed. basketball, handball, goal-ball, darts, chess, special drawing, and blind people stage running. As in previous years, the From 10 May to 1 October, the Mission supported the MoI, event was attended by many notable representatives of community policing and regional directorates of the KP the government and international organizations. Aiming in organizing eight regional community safety roundtable to extend the freedom of movement for more children and meetings with members of MCSCs1, LPSCs2, police, youth, adults with special needs and to enable them in showing their civil society, media and other interest groups. The roundtable talents and skills at such games in the future, the Mission meetings focused on the current operational capacity of donated 48 wheelchairs and walkers to the Kosovo Paralympic regional community safety forums, identification of gaps Committee and Parents Organization of Children with and issues, and on identifying ways of improvement with the Disabilities in Kosovo. The Mission also supported the event support of all relevant actors and partners across all police through volunteers, who assisted the children throughout the regions. A total of 480 participants, with around 60-70 per tournament in the last three years, alongside volunteers from meeting, attended the events, which among others included the KAPS, KP, KFOR and the Carabinieri. senior managers of the MoI, Ministry of Local Government Administration and KP, as well as a number of mayors and On 10 October, the Mission organized an awareness-raising MCSC co-ordinators, including the interim co-ordinators of activity in the city centre of Prishtinë/Priština gathering Mitrovica/Mitrovicë North region, representatives of local approximately 250 participants. The event targeted KP, government, the OSCE Mission, ICITAP and various CSO. women MCSC co-ordinators, women members of LPSCs, During the roundtable meetings, the role and institutional municipal officers for gender equality and civil society activists responsibility towards community safety forums were to promote and advocate for the enhanced role of women in elaborated upon, alongside their importance in the overall the community safety forums. Promotional materials, posters initiatives and commitment in implementing the community and brochures were distributed to promote the work of all safety methodology, with emphasis on preventing negative stakeholders and highlight strong joint commitment to work phenomena and enhancing communication and co- together towards greater gender equality and improving operation with all actors involved in this sphere. Additionally, the security of all people in Kosovo. The activity displayed representatives of the MoI and KP provided the participants synergies between the safety forums and community police officers assigned by KP headquarters. 1 Municipal Community Safety Councils (MCSCs) were established in municipalities to institutionalize co-operation between municipal institutions, communities and the On 16 October, the Mission provided a new vocational police. There are 34 MCSCs Kosovo-wide, with four remaining to be established in the north. education opportunity for students with special needs 2 Local Public Safety Committees (LPSCs) exist in a number of smaller areas within attending the special school Kosovski Božur in Mitrovica/ municipalities, such as remote and multi-ethnic villages, where it is in the interest of all communities that they exist to provide effective policing and good relations Mitrovicë North. It donated learning assets which include among these communities. LPSCs are composed of local community representatives professional photo and video cameras, as well as wheelchairs whose selection is in the hands of the local community. Kosovo Police consults these committees on safety and security matters in the areas they cover. and other sport competition assets, which are expected to

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enable the schoolchildren to develop their skills and compete On 21 November, in Prishtinë/Priština, the DHRC of the with other friends with special needs in different sport Mission supported the inauguration of the Women Security activities. These assets will also enable students to take part Network, gathering MCSC co-ordinators, active women in the next Mini-Olympic games supported by the Mission in the security forums of Gračanica/Graçanicë and Obiliq/ in 2019, while the professional cameras aim at enabling the Obilić municipalities and deputy mayors and deputy mayors children to develop new skills in taking professional photos for communities, the KP, Centre for Social Work, municipal and video footage for their school and society in general. officers for gender equality, and women NGOs from Obiliq/ Obilić and Gračanica/Graçanicë municipalities. The On 22 and 25 October, the DHRC of the Mission organized two inauguration meeting targeted the KP, women MCSCs co- regional capacity-building workshops on the implementation ordinators, LPSCs female members, municipal officers for of the guidelines for local-level mechanisms on how to gender equality and civil society activists for promoting and efficiently respond to incidents affecting communities and advocating the enhanced role of women in the community returnees. The workshop was tailored for representatives of safety forums. The activity resulted in a landmark event municipal communities’ protection mechanisms from north with a very positive outcome and an immediate request to and south of the Ibër/Ibar River, who also had the chance enlarge the Women Security Network by inclusion of other to exchange best practices. Participants were encouraged municipalities in the region. The Network was greeted by to introduce gender mainstreaming approaches when selected partners from safety forums and community police developing their work plan and strategies. The first workshop officers assigned by the KP headquarters and respective gathered 43 participants, including representatives of the police stations from Gračanica/Graçanicë and Obiliq/Obilić. MCSCs, KP, municipal offices for communities and returns (MOCRs), LPSCs and Communities Committees from On 27 November, the DHRC of the Mission organized a Gllogoc/Glogovac, Mitrovicë/Mitrovica South, Podujevë/ roundtable meeting with MCSC co-ordinators, the KP Podujevo, Skenderaj/Srbica and Vushtrri/Vučitrn, as well as commander from Istog/Istok municipality, members of KFOR-liaison monitoring teams covering the municipalities LPSCs, and the heads of MOCRs from the Pejë/Peć region. involved in the activity. The second workshop gathered 25 The purpose of the event was to familiarize the MCSC co- participants, including co-ordinators of municipal community ordinators and members of the LPSCs from the region with protection mechanisms of Leposavić/Leposaviq and Zvečan/ the role and composition of both MSCSs and LPSCs, and Zveçan municipalities, deputy chairpersons of the municipal those areas where security concerns can be raised for the assembly for communities (DCMAC) of Mitrovica/Mitrovicë benefit of all communities. The activity contributed to the North and Zubin Potok municipalities, municipal officials enhancement of co-operation and co-ordination between and the commander of the fire brigade of Zvečan/Zveçan the two mechanisms and the KP, as a way of strengthening municipality, the KP, as well as representatives of MOCRs and the confidence of residents in the KP and local protection LPSCs from the four northern municipalities. Since MCSCs mechanisms, especially when it comes to security concerns have not been established in these four municipalities, the of non-majority communities. The forum issued a number of event also served as a platform to discuss the relevance of this recommendations. mechanism. On 6 December, the Mission completed the facilitation On 21 November, the Mission supported the MoI in organizing of eight communication and co-ordination meetings for a workshop for the first annual revision of the Community all community safety forums in northern municipalities3, Safety Strategy and Action Plan 2018-2023. The event brought which were attended by representatives of the community together 21 participants, including members of the steering safety forums, KP, civil society and municipal officials. group and all relevant local institutions and international These meetings were held in line with the objective of the organizations working in the field of community safety, with Community Safety Strategy, which aims to strengthen the the Deputy Minister of Internal Affairs as co-ordinator of capacity of safety mechanisms through the establishment the strategy. During the workshop, the Mission and other and support of MCSCs. In two bi-seasonal meetings in each participating institutions and organizations provided an northern municipality held in March and November, over 75 update on their contributions to the implementation of participants voiced their concerns on the current security and activities planned in the Action Plan for the preceding year, safety conditions in this part of Kosovo. In addition, discussions and suggested activities for the next period of implementation. were held on existing hindrances to the community safety The Mission highlighted its assistance to community safety mechanism’s integration, gender mainstreaming, domestic forums benefitting from the implementation of the strategy, which it will continue to also offer in the future, in compliance 3 Meetings were held in Mitrovica/Mitrovicë North, Leposavić/Leposaviq, Zvečan/ with its programmatic objective. Zveçan and Zubin Potok.

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violence, as well as the functionality of local safety forums and of the LPSC, how it functions, its activities, challenges, known obstacles, with particular emphasis on co-operation accomplishments, and enhancing co-operation with other and co-ordination in four northern municipalities. Moreover, institutions. The event was marked by fruitful discussions on taking into consideration the political challenges and objective security concerns in the neighbourhood and possibilities for deficiencies in both intra- and inter-regional co-operation, residents to address requests through institutions, including the community safety activists advocated for more support the LPSC. Finally, information was distributed to residents on implementing local safety initiatives in specific hotspots, informing them of eligibility criteria for applying for posts more diligent engagement of all actors in securing progressive with the KP. development of local safety forums, and more financial help to address key security concerns. From 10 to 12 April and 24 to 26 April, the Mission organized a community policing training for 29 members of four new On 17 December, the Mission supported the MoI and KP LPSCs, delivered by Mission-trained LPSC trainers and KP in organizing the first Community Safety Forums Council officers in Prishtinë/Priština. During the training, which meeting to discuss the operational capacities, challenges and consisted of partnership-building and problem-solving recommendations for strengthening the role of community modules, the members of new LPSCs were introduced to three safety forums, namely the MCSCs, LPSCs and Community important challenges affecting community safety and security: Safety Action Teams (CSAT). Around 140 participants VERLT, THB and domestic violence. In addition, they were attended the meeting, which among others included the familiarized with the key components of small-scale projects ambassadors of the OSCE Mission in Kosovo and the and were taught how to write project proposals to address the Norwegian Embassy, Minister of Internal Affairs, Deputy needs, issues and concerns of their communities in the future. Minister of Local Government Administration, senior Prior to the training, the Mission also conducted orientation police officers, and representatives of the Association of sessions and facilitated meetings of the new LPSC members Kosovo Municipalities, ICITAP, UNDP, MCSCs, LPSCs and with their respective communities in their municipalities. CSATs. During the event, the importance of establishing During these events, participants were acquainted with the more and functionalizing existing community safety capacity-building programme for LPSCs, community safety forums was highlighted, as well as the implementation of and community policing concepts, and with composition, community safety and community policing strategies along functionality and activities of LPSCs throughout Kosovo that with the applicable legislation, with a view to enhance the work to address issues of safety, security and quality of life at security and improve the quality of life. All participants also their localities. promoted support of all relevant and responsible authorities for these forums both at local and central level, participation In an effort to revitalize several LPSCs that were not fully of women and youth in the problem-solving process, operative, the Mission supported the KP Directorate for increased communication and co-ordination between safety Community Police and Crime Prevention from 20 June to forums, and further trust-building between the public and 27 September in organizing ten one-day training workshops police. Furthermore, the event addressed the need to employ on partnership and problem solving for new members of a proactive public-based approach in preventing crime and the existing LPSCs. The workshops aimed at strengthening negative phenomena, especially violent extremism and the LPSCs’ operational capacity to ensure sustainability in radicalization, THB, drug abuse and domestic violence. In community safety throughout Kosovo, as well as to enhance addition, a summary report containing conclusions and their co-operation with relevant local and municipal recommendations from the assessment of operational stakeholders. LPSC chairpersons played a crucial role capacities of community safety forums, facilitated in eight in supporting the implementation of workshops in their regions by the Mission, was presented during the event. respective communities, at which around 250 participants, including youth, community members and village leaders Local Public Safety Committees (LPSC) were trained. During the training, Mission experts facilitated On 26 January, the DHRC of the Mission facilitated an activity discussions on specific safety-related issues jointly with LPSC aimed at raising awareness of the role of the LPSC for enhanced members and community police officers, highlighting the co-operation between police and local residents. The purpose priority areas such as traffic safety, domestic violence and of the activity was to help revitalize the LPSC and help make it other negative phenomena, with a view to improving the more responsive to community needs. The event gathered 32 wellbeing at their localities. participants, including Kosovo Roma and Kosovo Albanians residing in the Abdullah Presheva neighbourhood in Gjilan/ From 5 to 7 October, the Mission supported the LPSCs Gnjilane, KP representatives, the MCSC co-ordinator and of Mitrovicë/Mitrovica South and Rahovec/Orahovac in municipal officials. The discussion addressed the purpose organizing a three-day multi-ethnic “Youth camp for a better

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future” in the municipality of Prizren. The event aimed at On 31 May, the Mission completed the facilitation of four promoting multi-ethnic interaction and co-operation between capacity-building workshops for all community safety students of different ethnicities, enhance visibility of LPSCs forums in the northern municipalities organized by the in respective municipalities, and establish links between nominated future MCSC co-ordinators with the support them and the KP with a view to reduce the crime rate and of the KP regional community policing co-ordinator in improve safety and security within their quarters. It brought Mitrovica/Mitrovicë North. Following the successful together 65 participants from Albanian, Roma and Serbian implementation of a similar activity in 2017 in four respective communities, consisting of secondary and high school students primary schools in the north, the workshops aimed to equip aged from 16 to 21 from Rahovec/Orahovac and Mitrovica/ municipal mayors, MCSC co-ordinators, police station Mitrovicë North. LPSC chairpersons, police officers and the commanders, LPSC representatives and local activists with Deputy Commander of Rahovec/Orahovac Police Station the skills to deal with a wide range of community safety also attended the event, at which youngsters learned about management issues, including vertical and horizontal co- advocacy, negotiation skills and the importance of dialogue. operation and co-ordination. Special emphasis was given to the proportional participation of women and men, role On 26 November, in its efforts to promote the initiatives of of the parental council in future MCSCs, with a discourse community safety forums at the grassroots level, the Mission on community safety initiatives targeting youth, elderly and successfully facilitated the completion of the installation people with disabilities. In total, more than 400 girls and of indoor and outdoor surveillance cameras in 15 primary boys, and over 90 teachers, school directors, KP officers, schools across Kosovo. This activity, aimed at improving fire-fighters, municipal officials, civil society representatives safety in schools and neighbourhoods, had a positive impact and community safety activists, attended the workshops in in strengthening the partnerships of LPSCs with the KP, the northern municipalities. municipalities, civil society and other actors operating in the area of community safety. The activity is part of the Mission’s From 9 October to 13 November, the Mission supported efforts to support community safety small-scale projects the facilitation of eight specialized thematic workshops for identified by members of LPSCs from different communities community safety forums in all KP regions, organized by the who work together with the police at their localities, share MoI in co-ordination with the hosting MCSC co-ordinators their concerns and find solutions to common problems. By and respective regional KP directorates. Workshops delivered the end of each of these LPSC initiatives, closure events were three unique sessions with targeted discussions on MCSCs’ organized by LPSCs in their respective communities. The functionality and performance, weighted against the most monitoring of these camera systems will be done by LPSC co- pressing regional challenges discussed throughout the year. ordinators on a weekly basis, in close co-operation with the A varying degree of attention was dedicated to the topics respective local institutions. of intra- and inter-municipal collaboration, participation, public awareness, THB, P/C VERLT, gender equality and Municipal Community Safety Councils security, domestic violence, youth violence, and the use of (MCSC) digital and online platforms. With civil and police experts’ On 30 April 2018, the DHRC of the Mission organized lectures on treating the negative phenomena and potential a workshop targeting MCSCs to discuss new Guidelines action to be taken through improved synergies of safety for local-level mechanisms on how to respond to incidents forums and responsible municipal and central institutions, affecting communities, developed jointly by the Ministry for the participants also deliberated on objective requirements Communities and Returns, MoI and the Ministry for Local for a revision of the existing Administrative Instruction on Government Administration, with the Mission’s support. MCSCs, with an emphasis on composition, compensation The activity gathered 51 participants including deputy and membership. With 200 participants in total, the regional mayors for communities, DCMAC, heads of MOCRS, MCSC workshops were chaired by four mayors and four deputy co-ordinators and members, representatives of religious mayors, with the contribution of 11 KP station commanders communities, KP station commanders and other municipal and deputy commanders, 13 regional police experts, and 56 bodies from Fushë Kosovë/Kosovo Polje, Gračanica/ municipal directors and officials as members of the MCSCs, Graçanicë, Lipjan/Lipljan, Obiliq/Obilić, Prishtinë/ alongside other local stakeholders. Priština and Shtime/Štimlje municipalities. During the workshop, participants discussed ways of local-level Gender-based and Domestic Violence mechanisms’ timely and efficient response to security On 9 March in Prizren, the DHRC of the Mission organized a incidents affecting communities and shared best practices roundtable discussion on the role of judicial and non-judicial and proposed recommendations on improving the work of stakeholders in combating domestic violence. The focus of local-level security forums. this event was on the shortcomings in the implementation

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of the legal and policy framework related to the prevention its practical implementation, finalization of the checklist for of domestic and gender-based violence. The aim of the event first responders and investigators of domestic violence cases, was to promote the protection of individual rights affected by and further training needed in this area. gender-based violence and to enhance co-operation between judicial and non-judicial stakeholders on domestic violence- On 5 April, in Ferizaj/Uroševac, the DHRC of the Mission related issues. The roundtable discussion was attended organized a workshop to discuss positive obligations of judges, by 20 participants, including judges, prosecutors, victim’s prosecutors, police, victim advocacy officers, representatives advocates, Office of Free Legal Aid representatives, KP from the Centre for Social Work, and the Women’s Shelters, representatives, as well as members of the Centre for Social when dealing with cases of sexual violence and crimes. The Work, of the municipal assembly and of selected CSOs active participants, in total 27, discussed related criminal offences in the protection of human rights of victims of domestic and under the current Criminal Code such as rape, sexual assault, gender-based violence. Upon conclusion of the workshop, the sexual abuse, and facilitation and compelling to prostitution. participants agreed that CSOs in co-operation with relevant The concluding part of the workshop emphasized best judicial and non-judicial institutions need to play a more practices in the provision of rehabilitation and support for active role in fighting domestic and gender-based violence, by victims of sexual violence. conducting an awareness-raising and information campaign targeting in particular rural areas with a primary focus on On 13 April, in Ferizaj/Uroševac municipality, the DHRC prevention measures. of the Mission hosted the inaugural session of the Ferizaj/ Uroševac domestic violence co-ordination mechanism On 27 and 28 March, the Mission organized a specialized (DVCM). The event, opened by the Deputy Minister of on-the-job training on methods to be used by first police Justice, the Kosovo-wide domestic violence co-ordinator and responders at a domestic violence crime scene for two the Head of the OSCE Mission in Kosovo, saw the Ferizaj/ participants of the KP Domestic Violence Unit and Forensics Uroševac deputy mayor, representatives of the KP, courts, Investigations Directorate. The training was delivered by the prosecution, the municipal directors of health and education Swedish Police Authority at the Institute of Police Education directorates, as well as representatives from the women’s at Linnaeus University in Sweden. The training covered shelter, Centre for Social Work, municipal hospital, Victim’s initial actions to be carried out at a domestic violence scene, Advocacy Office, Free Legal Aid office, municipal officer first responders’ division of responsibilities, handling of the for gender equality, and centre for mental health, sign a perpetrator and the victim, securing the forensic evidence Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) outlining the goals for criminal investigation, as well as documenting the and responsibilities of the new DVCM. DVCM members initial interview with the victim through video recording. also elected their co-ordinator for the upcoming year. This Additionally, the Swedish Police Authority familiarized event, which gathered 56 participants, resulted from targeted the officers with best practices and procedures for first advocacy activities of the DHRC. responders, domestic violence situation in Sweden and related development projects, honour related crimes and On 30 April, in Mitrovicë/Mitrovica, the DHRC of the sexual offences within the close family. Mission organized a workshop to discuss positive obligations of judges, prosecutors, police and victim advocacy officers From 4 to 5 September, following this training, the Mission when dealing with criminal and civil cases of domestic facilitated a two-day workshop on forensic and investigating violence. The participants discussed the respective roles standards for 25 first responders to domestic violence crime of institutions and individuals in ensuring an appropriate scenes of all police regions working on the investigation handling of domestic violence cases before both the criminal of domestic violence cases and forensics. The workshop and civil departments of the courts, as well as some of the aimed at presenting experiences and best practices acquired existing shortcomings where improvements are required. during the training and to identify gaps that need to be The workshop emphasized best practices in obtaining the addressed by using the practices of the Swedish Police that evidence necessary for a proper adjudication of cases by the can also be applied in Kosovo. Two police officers that courts, in the area of support for victims of domestic violence, attended the training in Sweden delivered presentations and in increased inter-institutional co-operation. The Mission on experiences gained, Swedish practices and KP Standard will continue with capacity-building activities for justice Operating Procedures (SOP) on domestic violence cases. system actors, aiming to raise compliance with human and At the conclusion of the workshop, the group drafted fair trial rights in judicial practices when dealing with cases recommendations, some of which involve the revision and involving domestic and gender-based violence. amendment of police SOP on domestic violence cases, development of the official police risk assessment form and On 7 May, in Gjilan/Gnjilane, the DHRC of the Mission

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organized a workshop for 42 participants, which emphasized the Ombudsperson’s Institution attended the workshop. The positive obligations of judges, prosecutors, police officers, workshop included presentations on the subject matter and lawyers, victim advocates, representatives from the Centre applicable legislation, and a discussion on best international for Social Work and the Gjilan/Gnjilane Women’s Shelter, as practices on handling these cases. The newly integrated judges responsible institutions dealing with sexual violence crimes. and prosecutors also had an opportunity to meet relevant The workshop highlighted best practices in the provision of stakeholders engaged in combating domestic violence which rehabilitative measures, support and protection for the victims should improve future co-operation and co-ordination. of sexual violence. In addition, on 10 May in Ferizaj/Uroševac, the Mission organized a similar event gathering actors On 19 June, in Obiliq/Obilić, the DHRC of the Mission involved in the handling of cases of domestic violence. The organized a workshop with Prishtinë/Priština regional- and event gathered 20 participants, including judges, prosecutors, municipal-level officials dealing with domestic violence cases Victim Advocacy Officers, representatives of the Centre for and with CSOs. The participants learned about the roles and Social Welfare, representatives of the Women’s Shelter, police responsibilities of victim advocates, Centre for Social Work, and lawyers from the region of Ferizaj/Uroševac. The Mission’s Domestic Violence Unit of the KP and the Agency for Free proposed amendment to the Criminal Code to include Legal Aid, as well as the Prishtinë/Priština shelter for domestic domestic violence as a separate criminal offence was praised violence victims as respondents in domestic violence cases. by participants as a positive development, which would raise Best practices in the prevention and provision of protection awareness in society and help reduce the number of instances and support for victims of domestic violence were presented of violence. The Ferizaj/Uroševac Basic Prosecution Office and discussed. The event gathered 28 participants. stated that they have appointed a prosecutor as Domestic Violence Co-ordinator, so that each case received with a On 21 June, in Pejë/Peć, the DHRC of the Mission organized domestic violence element is clearly recorded as such and a workshop with the representatives of regional justice and can therefore be treated with priority both at the prosecution non-justice institutions dealing with protection against stage and when it reaches the court. domestic violence from the municipalities of Deçan/Dečane, Gjakovë/Đakovica, Istog/Istok, Junik, Klinë/Klina, Malishevë/ From 8 May to 7 June, the DHRC of the Mission jointly with the Mališevo, Pejë/Peć and Rahovec/Orahovac. The workshop KP Domestic Violence Unit held five workshops for secondary addressed the application of the SOPs for Protection from school students on gender equality and gender-based violence Domestic Violence in line with the Strategy on Protection in the municipalities of Gjakovë/Đakovica, Gjilan/Gnjilane, from Domestic Violence and Action Plan 2016–2020 and Skenderaj/Srbica, Suharekë/Suva Reka and Prishtinë/Priština. Kosovo commitment to the Istanbul Convention. The keynote The workshops were held with groups of school students and speakers touched on the work, practice and shortcomings when respective school psychologists or pedagogues in each of the supporting victims of gender-based violence and domestic five municipalities, with approximately 125 participants. The violence, the medical support given to victims of domestic overall objective of the workshops was to develop awareness violence and the sensitivity techniques for interviewing amongst school students on forms of gender-based violence, victims. The participants were 306 representatives from the where to report gender-based violence cases and available KP, health institutions, the Centre for Social Work, Victims’ services to protect victim’s rights. Furthermore, the sessions Advocacy and Assistance Office, shelters, free legal aid, CSOs on gender-based violence specifically addressed the role and NGOs, and the Ombudsperson Institution (OI). The of school educational institutions to prevent gender-based participants made concrete recommendations on introducing violence by identifying potential victims, reporting cases necessary amendments to the SOPs, and supporting first to the KP and strengthening co-operation amongst school responders to domestic violence cases in their role. representatives, potential victims, parents and school psychologists or pedagogues with the aim to improve the On 5 July, in Gjakovë/Đakovica, the DHRC of the Mission efficient response to the potential victims of gender-based held a workshop with justice actors on the proper handling violence and properly address their concerns and needs to the of domestic violence cases. The workshop gathered 34 respective human rights mechanisms. participants, including judges, prosecutors, police officers, Victim Advocacy officers, representatives from the Centre On 17 May, in Gračanica/Graçanicë, the DHRC of the for Social Welfare, and the Women’s Shelters for victims. Mission organized a workshop for 28 participants on The participants discussed the responsibilities and positive handling domestic violence cases by the justice institutions. obligations of judges, prosecutors, police, and other Judges and prosecutors, including newly integrated judges respondents to domestic violence cases on adequate response and prosecutors, police officers, lawyers, and representatives mechanisms for the prevention and handling of such cases of the Victim’s Advocacy Office, Centre for Social Work and and rehabilitation of victims of domestic violence and gender-

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based violence in general. The forum also discussed best rights are protected. Police officers learned how to employ practices for the provision of guidance, support and assistance investigative interviewing techniques with victims, witnesses for domestic violence victims. and offenders to effectively obtain information and evidence in cases of domestic violence and sexual abuse, and to On 27 July, the DHRC of the Mission organized a workshop “Do correctly apply child interviewing procedures and related No Harm: Issues and Caution Measures When Interviewing legal considerations. Vulnerable Victims and Perpetrators of Domestic Violence” in Prizren. The workshop brought together 34 participants, From 22 October to 2 November, the Mission supported including judges and prosecutors handling domestic violence the KP in implementing an awareness-raising campaign and gender-based violence cases, the Domestic Violence on domestic and gender-based violence in all eight police Investigation Unit of the KP, representatives of the Centre regions. The awareness-raising activities gathered youngsters for Social Work, victims’ advocacy and assistance office, free of different ages and their teachers, mayors, regional police legal aid, as well as relevant NGOs from the Court regions directors, chairpersons and municipal assembly members, of Gjakovë/Ðakovica Pejë/Peć and Prizren. The event aimed representatives of parents association, local institutions, to raise the awareness of practitioners and to increase their LPSCs and local civil society, as well as local and Kosovo- capacities to execute their functions in a victim-focused and wide media. The activity mainly informed the public about human rights-compliant manner. The Head of the EULEX the roles and responsibilities of each community member and Advisory Unit on Police and Borders Matters provided an the police in fighting domestic and gender-based violence. overview of KP capacities in the area of cognitive interviewing The campaign consisted of numerous side events running of vulnerable victims and witnesses. A psychologist from the simultaneously, such as communication with the public local NGO Medica Kosova outlined the basic understanding carried out by community police officers and co-ordinators of of trauma and discussed with participants some of the police domestic violence units, dissemination of informational challenges present in interviewing victims of domestic and leaflets, drawing, and other related activities. Activities gender-based violence. also involved speeches delivered by main institutions in all municipalities, during which the public was encouraged to From 27 to 31 August, the Mission delivered a ToT on early report cases of domestic and gender-based violence. indicators of domestic violence to 11 police officers from the domestic violence and community policing units across On 22 November, the Mission facilitated a workshop on Kosovo. The training was held at the KAPS and focused on strengthening local capacities to effectively address domestic enhancing the knowledge of participants on early indicators, violence in Kosovo. The workshop gathered 20 participants various response approaches to cases of domestic violence, from relevant institutions and CSOs dealing with such cases. and assistance to victims of domestic and sexual abuse. It In his capacity as Co-ordinator against Domestic Violence, the specifically provided the selected police trainers with skills Deputy Minister of Justice delivered a thorough presentation on how to effectively identify early indicators such as physical on the situation concerning the legal framework, achievements evidence and psychological signs of the victims, on initial and future plans directed at improving the institutional police response and assistance to the victims of domestic response to domestic violence cases. Furthermore, through violence and sexual abuse, and on ensuring the safety of panel presentations and discussions, participants addressed police officers and victims involved. Participants additionally all relevant issues related to domestic violence such as gained insight on the legal background and relevant human prevention, protection, assistance and referral of victims, as rights provisions related to domestic violence, most common well as investigation, prosecution and conviction of domestic factors causing domestic violence, as well as on international violence cases. practices in dealing with such cases. Following the course, the participants will become certified trainers and use the skills On 6 December, the DHRC of the Mission hosted the gained to develop specific training to be delivered in turn to inaugural session of the Hani i Elezit/Elez Han co-ordination other officers of the KP. mechanism for protection from domestic violence (the Co- ordination mechanism). The event was opened by the Mayor of From 3 to 7 September, the Mission delivered specialized Hani i Elezit/Elez Han and the Co-ordinator against Domestic training on domestic violence focusing on interviewing skills Violence. Other participants included representatives of the to ten police officers and trainers of community policing KP, courts, prosecution, the municipal directors of education, and domestic violence units of the KP. The training aimed as well as representatives from the women’s shelter, Centre at familiarizing participants with best practices and to for Social Work, the municipalities’ Main Centre for Family enhance their skills on using interviewing techniques to Medicine, Victim’s Advocacy Office, municipal officer for ensure cases of domestic violence are solved and victims’ gender equality, and the centre for mental health. They signed

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a MoU outlining the goals and responsibilities of the new co- to ODIHR to contribute to a better picture of the situation ordination mechanism. They also elected their co-ordinator of hate crimes in the area. Participants embraced the idea for the upcoming year, the municipal officer for gender of employing a similar platform and database in Kosovo, for equality. This event, which gathered 21 participants, resulted which they requested the Mission’s support as a driving force from targeted advocacy activities of the Mission. in sharing expertise on hate crimes.

On 6 December, the DHRC of the Mission organized an On 7 and 8 May, the Mission facilitated training on informative session in the primary and lower-secondary understanding and combating hate crimes for 15 inspectors school “28 Nentori” in Zllapek/Zlopek, as part of the activities and investigators of the PIK. The training focused on relevant organized in support of the campaign “16 Days of Activism international standards and the legal framework in Kosovo, against Gender-Based Violence.” Presentations were delivered investigating hate crimes by using bias indicators and by the Mission and the KP officer on raising the awareness barriers, solutions to effectively prosecuting hate crimes, of children of domestic violence and gender-based violence, and the use of motive evidence. Furthermore, through the the established help line on which cases can be reported, and use of case studies, the participants identified gaps in the the work of institutions tasked with prevention. Following current police investigation and recording system, which the presentation, a painting activity was organized on the prevents the KP from accurately recording incidents with topic of countering domestic and gender-based violence and bias motivation. The training concluded with a set of findings promotional T-shirts marking the campaign were distributed. and recommendations for additional actions in increasing the capacities of this police oversight body to proactively address Hate Crime public complaints on the grounds of discrimination. On 21 February, representatives of the Mission attended the regular regional co-ordination meeting on issues related to On 11 May, the DHRC of the Mission, in co-operation with hate crime, alongside OSCE SEE focal points and ODIHR. the Gjilan/Gnjilane Basic Prosecution Office, organized a The meeting was hosted by the OSCE Mission to Serbia and workshop on deficiencies and best practices in addressing focused on hate crime data recording, an under-reporting hate crime cases. The event was attended by 36 participants, survey and the preparation for the annual regional hate including judges, prosecutors, police officers and lawyers. The crime conference to be held in Warsaw in October. At this Mission’s presentation highlighted the institutions’ obligations meeting, the Mission presented an inter-agency agreement for tracking and reporting on hate crimes; the current legal between the KP, MoI, Prosecution and the Kosovo Judicial framework, focusing on the application of international Council (KJC), which it helped develop in 2017; its ongoing human rights standards; and best practices of handling hate advocacy efforts to have it approved soon; as well as its crime cases. The participants noted that since most victims plans to strengthen this co-ordination mechanism in 2018. of hate crimes belong to non-majority communities, such Furthermore, the OSCE field operations in SEE elaborated on cases negatively affect the security perceptions and hamper the idea of developing a regional survey on under-reporting of the return process. hate crimes. The outcome of this survey would help to obtain a comprehensive picture of the under-reporting situation in On 4 June, the Mission facilitated a workshop attended by each region, including reasons of reluctance to report these the KP, Prosecutors’ Office and KJC to discuss the recent cases to relevant institutions. developments related to the inter-agency agreement on treatment of hate crimes in Kosovo, approved in March 2018 On 23 April, the Mission facilitated a workshop on the creation at the Mission’s recommendation to improve the recording of a joint platform to monitor hate crimes for representatives of such crimes. During this workshop, all representatives of civil society in Kosovo and the OI. This activity builds on agreed to develop a joint action plan and follow up on the a training delivered in the previous year to representatives planned tasks in the agreement, which include amendments of the OI and six NGOs on the concept of hate crime and to the police initial incident recording form, an update of the difference between discrimination, hate speech and hate the police database with all relevant legal provisions, and crimes. It aims to ensure sustainability in monitoring hate the development of guidelines for prosecutors in adequately crimes in the future. The audience was introduced to the hate treating bias-motivated crimes. The workshop concluded crime monitoring platform used by the Helsinki Committee with a number of issues that need to be followed up with the for Human Rights of the Republic of Macedonia, which police legal unit and the MoI. consists of a hate crime database to which initial incidents are reported online, with an option to include photos and videos. From 9 June to 10 July, the Mission, in co-operation with Participants were also guided on following up cases through the KP, organized eight one-day workshops with LPSCs and this platform, reports of which are then submitted annually community police officers from all KP regional directorates.

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The Mission advocated for better engagement of LPSCs in prejudice against a person or a group, and the development supporting the best interests of victims of hate crimes and help of instructions for prosecutors to adequately treat biased- community members to request information on the status of motivated crimes. During these workshops, participants on-going hate crime investigations. The workshops were very raised some concerns related to human resources and well received by all 150 LPSC members who acknowledged recommended an establishment of specialized structures to the importance of building mutual trust and strong relations deal with hate crimes. through interaction between LPSC and community policing in order to identify, respond and support victims of hate On 24 October, the DHRC of the Mission facilitated a crimes and maintain both public safety and effective policing. roundtable meeting in the Ferizaj/Uroševac municipality on standardizing the prosecution of hate and bias-motivated From 9 to 13 July, the Mission organized a specialized crimes before the Ferizaj/Uroševac Basic Court. A total of training on identifying and investigating hate crimes through 19 persons participated, including prosecutors, judges and the internet for 16 KP officers. The training focused on the representatives of the KP. They discussed practical difficulties definition of the main concepts of hate crimes, an overall in classifying bias-motivation crimes, positive and negative overview of hate crimes and hate speech, the international examples of legal action against hate crimes across Kosovo, legal framework sanctioning this type of crime, and the legal as well as recommendations for a better co-operation of all practices deriving from legislation addressing this matter. relevant actors. Recommendations formulated by participants The training also included modules on the responsibility of focused on a better central co-ordination on the definition of internet service providers to prevent hate speech and hate bias-motivation crimes, better rehabilitation for victims of crimes through the internet, and their obligations to co- crimes, and resocialization of perpetrators. The activity builds operate with law enforcement agencies. The activity was on the work of the Mission in establishing central-level and assessed as highly important by participants and additional regional-level working groups for combatting hate crimes recommendations were provided for similar engagements in and follows the signing earlier in the year of the inter-agency the future. agreement on the treatment of hate crimes, undertaken with support of the Mission. From 24 to 25 October, the Mission attended the Regional Conference on Hate Crimes in SEE, hosted by ODIHR in On 3 and 4 December, the Mission, in co-operation with the Warsaw. The two-day conference served as a forum for KP Training Division, facilitated a workshop to further support OSCE field operations to discuss developments in the field civil society in monitoring the investigation and recording of of hate crime and networking, shortcomings related to hate hate crimes. During the workshop, 11 representatives from five crime data collection systems in the regions, and to explore different NGOs4, the OI and PIK, were trained on a number of ways to assist officials to address these shortcomings. At the issues, such as the relevant legal framework in Kosovo, police conference, the Mission’s representatives presented the 2018 investigation of hate crimes using bias indicators, barriers and achievements, focusing on the successful advocacy work solutions to effectively prosecute hate crimes, and the use of undertaken in supporting the MoI, KP, Prosecutor’s Office motive evidence. Furthermore, participants were introduced and KJC, and in developing and signing an inter-agency to the impact that bias-motivated crimes have on affected agreement on the treatment of hate crimes in Kosovo. In communities and the role of the police to properly respond addition, the Mission presented all activities undertaken and treat such cases. to support the implementation of this agreement, which foresees concrete policy changes in recording hate crimes by On 11 December, the Mission facilitated a roundtable meeting police and judiciary. with representatives of NGOs, the OI and PIK, to advocate for the creation of a joint database for civil society on identifying From 20 September to 29 October, the Mission, in co-operation and monitoring hate crime cases. At the roundtable meeting, with the KP and Chief Prosecutor’s Office, organized eight the Mission presented the inter-agency agreement on the regional workshops for regional monitoring networks on the treatment of hate crimes and introduced participants to the investigation and recording of hate crimes. In general, the processes of recording hate crimes foreseen in the treaty, workshops introduced the audience to the content of the inter- with emphasis placed on the scope of co-operation with civil agency agreement on the treatment of hate crimes in Kosovo. society. Participants of civil society agreed that there is a need The agreement includes the amendments to the police initial for joint co-operation in combatting hate crimes and asked the incident recording form and an update of the police database Mission for further support in the creation of a joint database with all relevant legal provisions from the Criminal Code. It also covers aggravating circumstances leading to stronger 4 Kosovo Rehabilitation Centre for Victims of Torture (KRCT), Centre for Peace and penalties for any act committed on the basis of some form of Tolerance (CPT), the Roma Ashkalia Documentation Centre (RADC), NGO Aktiv, and the Centre for Social Group Development (CSGD).

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on tracking hate crimes, as well as to facilitate co-operation learned about the importance and scientific background modalities with the police and other security stakeholders, of implemented techniques, after which they also applied and work with schoolchildren in the area of prevention them to solve real or simulated cases. Additionally, the and media in awareness-raising campaigns, especially on knowledge they obtained during this course will help them informing victims of hate crimes on their rights. to create and use scripts that automate common procedures during digital forensic investigations. This will help forensic On 14 December, the Mission facilitated a workshop with experts to accelerate the process of discovering evidence representatives of the KP, Chief Prosecutor’s Office and KJC, to and reduce the amount of undetected data. When they discuss the latest developments in relation to the inter-agency successfully completed the course, the KAF experts received agreement on the treatment of hate crimes. The Mission internationally recognized certificates. briefed the audience on the outcome of workshops held in eight police regions in October and November for regional Finally, on 3 December, the Mission facilitated a workshop to monitoring networks on the investigation and recording of support the annual review of the KAF Development Strategy hate crimes.5 It also briefed the participants on the need to 2016-2020. During the workshop, the strategy’s action plan establish specialized structures to deal with hate crimes, as was reviewed and revised in order to measure and evaluate well as on clear guidelines to be shared by both KP General the implementation, as well as to address challenges faced Directorate and Chief Prosecutor’s Office in relation to any during the implementation. In general, activities of the amendments undertaken in the recording of hate crimes. action plan were successfully completed as planned and the strategy’s objectives planned with the Mission’s assistance Specialized Investigations Units / Forensics were mostly achieved or are ongoing. Activities which require From 14 to 16 May, the Mission facilitated a hands-on amendments were identified and the action plan was altered training for three audio and video experts of the Kosovo or added to, with the Mission’s suggestions incorporated Agency on Forensics (KAF) to enhance their understanding appropriately. of image processing, issues affecting images and videos in an investigative context, and to acquire in-depth knowledge of Public Order and Crisis Management all of Amped’s6 software features. The training was delivered On 6 February, the Mission donated 30 first aid bags to the by Amped’s trainers and focused on how to effectively specialized police units and rapid reaction teams in Prishtinë/ work on real cases and professionally testify on the results. Priština. The first aid kits donated to these KP units, which Additionally, the usage, technical and scientific background are often exposed to danger while ensuring public safety of practical applications and tools included in the Amped and security during public gatherings and other critical software were thoroughly clarified by the trainers. During incidents, contain high-quality medical items that were the training, forensic experts also applied these techniques to jointly selected by the Mission and the police. In addition, the solve simulated cases and enhance their capacity to conduct Mission delivered 2,000 security information cards that will overall forensic video analysis. In the end, participants be distributed to journalists, civil society representatives and received an accredited certificate, which will allow them to other oversight bodies present at public gatherings and police analyse criminal evidence in a verifiable forensically sound operations. The card was prepared jointly with the police and manner. contains guidance on how to act to avoid potential incidents during public gatherings. From 1 to 5 October, the Mission facilitated a specialized training in Zagreb, Croatia, for two experts of the KAF From 1 to 12 October, the Mission delivered a two-week Department of Information Technology on scripting for ToT on how first responders should act in response to active digital forensic investigators (SCRIPT)7. The training was shooter and "lone wolf" attacks, which was attended by 20 delivered by the international company, INsig2, and focused KP officers of specialized units and the Training Division. mainly on equipping participants with expertise on computer The training equipped the participants with new skills to scripting and programming in digital forensics. Through the effectively and efficiently deal with cases of active shooters use of practical applications of the SCRIPT tools, participants in line with local legislation and international human rights standards. It focused on commonalities of how active 5 In 2017, the Mission, in co-operation with the Kosovo Police, facilitated the establish- shooters operate, situation analysis, effective use of both ment of regional monitoring networks to investigate and record hate crimes. Eight primary and secondary weapon systems under stress, officer such networks, comprised of police investigators, community police officers and pros- ecutors, were established in all police regions. survival skills, and how to end an active shooter incident. The 6 The Amped company develops global solutions for image and video processing needs training entailed a range of practical tasks, group discussions/ relating to forensics, investigations, public security and intelligence. For more infor- mation, see https://ampedsoftware.com. debriefings and scenario-based exercises, using dry firing as 7 www.insig2.eu/insig2-course-andquotscripting-for-digital-forensic-investiga- well as live ammunition. Following this, the KP is expected to tor-(script)andquot-no2-59

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use the training material delivered and the gained knowledge intervention skills in hostage negotiation of 14 specialized and skills throughout the training, and transfer such training operations and investigation officers from various police units. courses to further improve the operational capabilities of During the training, participants were given an opportunity rapid reaction teams and regular patrol units in effectively to acquire new skills, including on how to recognize the responding to cases involving active shooters. psychologic state of hostage takers, the legal perspective and importance of hostage negotiation, how to identify signs and From 28 to 31 October, the Mission organized a research visit indicators of abnormal behaviour in hostage crises situations, on hostage negotiation to the Metropolitan Police in London as well as intervention methods. Particular attention was for the KP focal point and deputy focal point of the hostage given to enhancing the knowledge of participants on hostage rescue unit and a representative from the specialized training negotiations with mentally disordered subjects, including division. The visit familiarized police officers with practices paranoid, depressed, avoidant and dependent, antisocial/ and procedures in hostage recovery situations, and assisted psychopathic and borderline hostage takers. them in identifying relevant issues related to developing an instruction for hostage negotiations in Kosovo. This activity From 3 to 7 December, in the framework of its hostage was planned as part of a package consisting of specialized negotiation capacity-building package, the Mission training courses and assistance in developing police standard provided an additional specialized training on strategies operating procedures on all incidents involving hostage taking. and counterstrategies of hostage negotiation to 13 officers of Practices related to ongoing and future training courses on the police hostage rescue unit. This final course introduced hostage negotiation gained during this visit, combined with participants to modules on hostage crises response, basic the specialized training to be delivered in Kosovo, which will hostage negotiation protocols, demands and deadlines, be used in the design and delivery of future training events by dealing with family members of hostages, short-term stressors, the Training Division. post-traumatic stress, police debriefing and post hostage investigation factors. Participants were actively involved in a Following the research visit, the Mission organized a range of practical activities, group discussions and interactive specialized training on strategies and counterstrategies of scenario based exercises, and had an opportunity to equip hostage negotiation for 14 participants of the same police themselves with knowledge and best practices related to post- unit. The course introduced the participants to various traumatic debriefing and impact, stress management, and the types of hostage crises, communication strategies during investigation factors following hostage situations. hostage negotiations, goals of crisis intervention, establishing communication and developing rapports, and high-risk Other, including co-ordination and factors in hostage crises. Furthermore, participants had an co-operation opportunity to practice their skills on hostage negotiation in On 9 November, in Pejë/Peć, the DHRC of the Mission held kidnapping, hostage taking and suicide cases by employing a workshop with judges, prosecutors and police investigators case studies during the training. from the Pejë/Peć region, with the purpose of identifying challenges and strengthening co-ordination for an appropriate From 13 to 15 November, the Mission facilitated a workshop qualification of criminal offences. The 34 justice system actors to develop a draft SOP related to hostage negotiation for the present reviewed the most effective methods of bringing KP Directorate of Specialized Units and the Training Division. criminal cases from investigation through to indictment with Through its in-house capacities, the Mission provided regard to rule of law and fair trial principles. The participants expertise regarding training and capacity development, made concrete conclusions and recommendations aimed at European best practices and human rights standards related improving the co-ordination between stakeholders in criminal to crisis management cases, and, in particular, to hostage proceedings, while ensuring the protection of the rights of all situations. The SOP, subject to approval by the KP’s senior parties involved. management, sets out the duties and responsibilities of police staff handling hostage situations, describes the strategies and Between 27 February and 1 March, the Mission hosted two tactics for crisis negotiations, the role of each police officer in experts from ODIHR, who conducted a needs assessment visit this process, and the capacity-building needs in this area. prior to training KP officers working in the areas inhabited by Kosovo Roma, Kosovo Ashkali and Kosovo Egyptian From 19 to 23 November, the Mission organized an additional community members, to be held in April 2019. The aim of training course on the psychology of hostage negotiation, the visit was to understand security concerns and the current which focused on increasing the capacity and crisis perception of law enforcement officials by Kosovo Roma,

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Kosovo Ashkali and Kosovo Egyptian communities, as well between justice sector stakeholders. The 26 participants as to assess their confidence in the patrol officers and their reviewed and discussed the most effective methods of bringing responsiveness toward the residents of the areas they patrol. criminal cases from investigation through to indictment with due regard to rule of law and fair trial principles. The From 17 to 19 April, following the needs assessment visit, forum acknowledged the duty of police and prosecution to ODIHR experts drafted a bespoke curriculum in partnership co-operate in investigating crime by examining carefully, with the DHRC of the Mission, which supported experts from and with maximum professional commitment, the facts of ODIHR in implementing a training workshop on effective the case. The participants made concrete conclusions and policing in Kosovo Roma, Kosovo Ashkali and Kosovo recommendations, aimed at improving the co-ordination Egyptian. The training covered issues ranging from the cultural between relevant rule of law institutions and ensuring traits of the three communities to police communication a concerted effort in carrying out criminal proceedings techniques and challenging stereotypes. In total, 19 police efficiently while ensuring protection of the rights of all parties officers from different Kosovo regions attended the training. involved. The Mission will continue to support the inclusion of the three communities in the wider society and advocate for their On 29 November, the DHRC of the Mission supported rights in line with its mandate. the implementation of a forum discussion on drug abuse prevention among youth, consisting of the screening of a On 10 May in Istog/Istok, the DHRC of the Mission hosted movie on the relevant topic and a cine-forum with the support a workshop on strengthening the role of CSOs during the of a panel composed of representatives of CSOs, a social compensation process for victims of crime. The workshop worker and the KP. The forum discussion was preceded by a opened by the Head of the OSCE Mission aimed to improve short awareness campaign through a social media event and institutional and civil society efforts to promote and protect distribution of posters. This activity was an initiative of the individual rights, with a focus on strengthening the role of inter-community youth forum, established and supported by CSOs during the compensation process for victims of crime. the Mission since 2016, which brings together activists from The workshop gathered CSOs, NGOs, youth organizations, CSOs, university-level students and youth from Mitrovicë/ co-ordinators of the municipal co-ordination mechanism Mitrovica South and Mitrovica/Mitrovicë North to jointly against domestic violence, free legal aid, the OI, Centre discuss and develop ideas of constructive co-operation and for Social Work, women’s shelters, the KP, Kosovo Bar boost inter-ethnic dialogue among communities in these Association, and victims’ advocates. The 30 participants came municipalities. The youth forum took place in the premises from the municipalities of Deçan/Dečane, Pejë/Peć, Gjakovë/ of the International Business College Mitrovica. The Mission Đakovica, Istog/Istok, Junik, Klinë/Klina, Malishevë/Mališevo continues its efforts under the objective that community and Rahovec/Orahovac. security, inter-community relations and integration are successfully addressed. From 31 May and 1 June, the DHRC of the Mission, in conjunction with ODIHR, held a training seminar on “Rule On 7 December, the DHRC of the Mission organized a of Law Compliant Investigation, Prosecution, and Trial workshop on the process of compensation for victims of in War Crimes Cases” for members of the KP, the Special crimes in Pejë/Peć. The workshop gathered 32 representatives Prosecution Office, and the Kosovo Bar Association. The of CSOs from Prizren and Pejë/Peć region, Kosovo Bar topics included fair trial rights considerations, as well as Association, judges and prosecutors, Centres for Social Work, legal, evidential and practical aspects of handling war crime the KP, municipal office for gender equality, Free Legal Aid and cases in a manner compliant with the rule of law. The topics Victim’s Advocacy Office. The workshop aimed to continue were selected in co-ordination with the participants. The raising awareness of the criminal justice and human rights presenters were representatives of the International Criminal institutions as well as CSOs on the importance of informing Court’s Investigation and Prosecution teams, and a Judge victims of crime, including victims of gender-based violence, of the Higher Regional Court in Munich, dealing with war of their right to claim compensation for the harm suffered as a crimes cases. result of a criminal offence. This event addressed the practical preparations for a successful claim for compensation and On 25 October, the DHRC of the Mission supported a processing the claim through the compensation system. The workshop with judges from the Basic Court of Gjakovë/ Mission also organized a similar activity in the Prizren region Đakovica, prosecutors, and police investigators, with the in October 2018. purpose of strengthening co-operation and co-ordination

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Activities Related to Threats Minister of MEST, as well as four other ministers of different ministries and two deputy Ambassadors gave introductory Posed by Criminal Activity speeches at the beginning of the conference. The event gathered approximately 120 participants, such as Kosovo Assembly members, Municipal Directors of Education, School Financial Investigations, Anti-Money Directors, Education inspectors, community police officers, Laundering and Seizures of Criminal members of the VERLT working group, Kosovo’s Islamic Proceeds community representatives, international organizations From 7 to 11 May, the Mission delivered an advanced training present in Kosovo, as well as civil society representatives. on financial investigation, money laundering, intelligence The discussion included very specific information from the management, restraint and seizure of assets and confiscation, research done in schools across Kosovo, reflecting internet to 12 representatives of the FIU, KP, Agency for Administration use by children, as well as the possible threats from online of Confiscated or Sequestrated Assets (AACSA), and Special contacts with strangers. Furthermore, MEST promoted a Prosecution Office. The training mainly focused on the guidebook for children, teachers and parents, published categories of financial crime, difference between intelligence under the title “Travel across the internet”, aimed at educating and evidence, and the importance of case management logs. children about the use of the internet. The conference The course participants identified detrimental differences in concluded with the recommendations that MEST needs the Kosovo setting, such as the absence of both credit reference to further co-operate with CSOs, parents and youth on the agencies and a functioning cash seizure scheme as powerful prevention of online extremism and radicalization, empower measures at the disposal of law enforcement agencies in other school teachers by training them on how to better fight online jurisdictions. All attendees agreed to promote the required extremism and radicalization, and to develop critical thinking legislative amendments to remedy these shortcomings. From of children as a key aspect in preventing and countering online the outset of the training, participants were engaged in a extremism and radicalization. The conference was covered series of case studies reflecting real life scenarios, whereas the extensively by local and central media in Kosovo. overall training has undoubtedly improved their abilities to deal with financial crimes on an ad hoc basis in their future From 16 to 20 April, in its efforts to support the KP in engagements. effectively addressing issues related to P/C VERLT, the Mission delivered a ToT on investigative interviewing From 8 to 12 October, the Mission, in close co-operation with techniques, specifically designed for victims, witnesses and the EU funded project “Further Support to Kosovo Institutions individuals identified by the police with VERLT potential. The in the Fight against Organized Crime, Corruption, and training targeted 12 certified trainers from the KP Counter- Violent Extremism”, delivered an advanced training on money Terrorism Directorate and Training Division and aimed to laundering and asset seizure/confiscation to 18 criminal further develop their capacities to effectively and efficiently investigators, prosecutors and judges. During the training, deliver topics on prevention, investigation and combating facilitators focused greatly on practical case studies, thus crimes and illegal activities related to terrorism, VERLT, and ensuring interactive co-operation between the members of FTFs. Moreover, participants learned to identify behavioural the three target groups who played respective fictitious roles indicators displayed by terrorists and extremists during in applying investigative and financial orders. This method investigative interviewing; to effectively use techniques and has also taken into account the underdeveloped co-operation intelligence skills in interviewing individuals with VERLT between the main law enforcement actors and the judiciary, potential, victims and witnesses of terrorist acts; as well as to with the latter reportedly the main reason for low confiscation plan, prepare, and apply adult teaching methods in delivering figures in Kosovo to date. such training courses in the future.

Counter-Terrorism & P/C VERLT From 21 to 25 May, the Mission delivered a ToT on techniques On 2 February, in Prishtinë/Priština, the DHRC of the Mission for collecting criminal intelligence with focus on individuals supported the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology involved in terrorist activities in different capacities. This (MEST) in organizing a conference on the topic “Education tailored training targeted 11 certified trainers from the as a key to prevent online extremism and radicalisation”, on Counter-Terrorism Directorate and Training Division of the the occasion of Safe Internet Day. The Conference aimed KP, and equipped them with knowledge to effectively deliver to encourage institutions and civil society to reflect on the topics related to terrorism and P/C VERLT. Overall, the effects of online extremism and radicalization, increase safety training helped participants to enhance their understanding of and find ways for child protection against online threats. The new trends of terrorism and VERLT and of FTF, and informed Head of the OSCE Mission, the Kosovo Prime Minister, the them about the Mission’s support to relevant institutions in

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this area. Participants also learned about different intelligence From 12 to 14 September, the Mission brought together collection techniques, multiple intelligence approaches, around 20 representatives of relevant institutions to a intelligence report writing and other means of gathering workshop it had organized in close co-operation with the information from victims and witnesses of terrorist acts, and Kosovo Co-ordinator against VERLT and the Security Council individuals with VERLT potential. Secretariat of the Office of the Prime Minister in order to review and amend the Strategy and Action Plan on Prevention From 9 to 11 July, the Mission organized on-the-job training of VERLT 2015-2020. During the workshop, it was jointly on operational planning and management in cases of terror agreed to take out a number of activities from the action plan attacks delivered at the London Metropolitan Police to that were deemed irrelevant, and at the same time amend and four participants of the KP Counter-Terrorism Directorate. add a number of other activities to adjust it to the needs and The purpose of the training was to enhance the skills of circumstances currently considered priorities in Kosovo. In participating trainers in practical planning and management particular the strategic objective that covers de-radicalization of terrorist cases, while closely working and discussing with and reintegration of radicalized persons was enriched with their counterparts on potential on-going cases and sharing new activities. practical experiences in the prevention and investigation of terrorist cases. The KP officers had the opportunity to meet From 1 to 7 October, the Mission also supported the representatives of the National Digital Exploitation Unit, Kosovo Co-ordinator against VERLT and two officials of the Fusion Intelligence Unit and Central Police Operations Security Council Secretariat within the Office of the Prime Room, Forensic Management Team and Crime Disruption Minister in meeting their counterparts from Podgorica, Unit, and to become familiar with the use of every tactic and Sarajevo, Skopje and Tirana. These research visits provided method to mitigate the threat during a counter-terrorism an excellent opportunity for the delegation members to investigation. familiarize themselves with the security policies in the region, particularly those for P/C VERLT. Additionally, participants On 12 and 13 July, the Mission delivered a training that was learned about the overall engagements and judicial responses aimed to empower and promote the role of policewomen in of their counterparts, exchanged practices and experiences on P/C VERLT. Participants were 18 policewomen working in the implementation of existing legal documents, and shared community policing and investigation units of the KP. The information on the current situation, challenges and ways training focused on the fact that prevention and safeguarding forward. De-radicalization and reintegration of radicalized is everyone’s moral obligation, irrespective of the status and persons into the society was given a priority in the discussions. the role they undertake, and whether they have a direct contact or responsibility in P/C VERLT. During the activity, women On 31 October and 1 November, the Mission delivered a police officers were taught how to develop skills through specialized training course on terrorism financing to 17 scenario-based exercises in order to identify behavioural participants of the FIU, KP, Special Prosecution Office, KAPS changes that can be associated with VERLT, enabling them to and judiciary. The main elements of the course involved contribute to the prevention of this phenomenon. terrorist fund raising and its movement, collating and utilizing financial information, intelligence sharing and FTFs. In addition, 16 of these policewomen received a ToT on Particular focus was placed on improving participants’ P/C VERLT by the Mission, which took place from 16 to understanding of terrorist financing risks and the content of 19 October. Building on the previous module, this training the FATF's global recommendations on terrorist financing further equipped the police women with new skills to 2018, comprising the overriding legal and regulatory effectively deliver in-house training on P/C VERLT-related framework. issues to other women in police regional stations, as well as to the representatives of community safety forums. The course From May to November, the Mission supported the KP in also taught the participants how to transmit a thorough facilitating four one-day seminars on P/C VERLT through the understanding of violent extremism, radicalization and community policing mechanism. In line with the strategies on terrorism, and covered illustrations of the police role through P/C VERLT and on community policing, these seminars aimed worldwide case studies, both successful and failed attempts. to acquaint the participating police officers with the need to Hence, the training involved a range of practical work, group promote a multi-dimensional understanding of the threats discussions and scenario-based exercises in order to develop of VERLT, emphasizing the role of women in the prevention the skills of participants, which will help them to create a efforts. Police representatives were briefed about the role of rapport with targeted audiences, and share their experiences first line officers, sector policing approach, and signs for early as trainers. identification of extremism and radicalization. In addition to a presentation on the inclusive model of engagement in

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P/C VERLT, interactive discussions were held on the process provided, highlighting notably the Mission’s involvement in of radicalization, push and pull factors, with a specific the area, which will continue in the future in compliance with focus on the internet and social media as potential tools for its programmatic objectives. radicalization. It also included a constructive discussion on inclusive strategies, including the role of families, teachers, From 21 to 23 March, the Mission concluded the third community police officers, local institutions, and religious specialized module of ToT, on THB delivered to 25 KP leaders regarding P/C VERLT. A total of 190 officers from women officers, which was developed jointly with the KP at various police units, ranks and positions of all police regions the request of the AWKP. The first two advanced modules attended these events. delivered in 2017 by the Mission targeted policewomen of different ethnic backgrounds that have previously attended From 7 to 9 November, the DHRC of the Mission convened a the basic training on THB, while the final one introduced training course on protecting human rights in CVE in Budva, the participants to the current local and regional trends in Montenegro. Forty diverse participants, including judges and THB. Experts from Prishtinë/Priština and Skopje introduced prosecutors of the Serious Crimes Departments, defence best practices in tackling THB and shared their experiences attorneys, terrorism investigators from KP, and representatives through real case studies. Furthermore, this training module of civil society gathered to learn to effectively apply human emphasized the fact that THB crimes are generally recognized rights laws and principles to cases of alleged violent extremism as gender-based violence, and highlighted the need to increase and terrorism. The training focused on equality before the the capacities of police women to communicate with victims law, protection from discrimination, and other fundamental in a sensitive manner, as well as the importance of developing human rights. Participants were particularly interested in a gender-sensitive approach to victims of such crimes. intelligence gathering, privacy, and gender issues applied to investigating, prosecuting, and adjudicating terrorism cases. On 10 and 11 April, the Mission organized a workshop on the practical implementation of the list of indicators for an From 5 to 7 December, the Mission supported the Office of early identification of victims of trafficking, which gathered the Prime Minister in facilitating a workshop to evaluate the 25 participants representing all relevant local institutions in annual implementation of the "Strategy and Action Plan on the field of THB. The workshop covered a wide range of THB Prevention of VERLT 2015-2020". The workshop gathered topics, with the focus placed on the list of indicators for an early representatives of the government working group who identification of the victims of trafficking, which was adopted discussed about the objectives of the strategy and estimated by the government in November 2017 and was considered that 72 per cent of activities in the action plan for the third by the participants as a very important tool, expected to year have been fully implemented, with nine per cent partially significantly improve and impact the entire process of handling and another 19 per cent not implemented at all. The working THB cases. The sessions were highly interactive, thus enabling group also acknowledged issues they face during the process fruitful discussions, especially by sharing experiences, good that continue to relate to the lack of inter-institutional co- practices and identifying shortcomings that characterize the ordination and the required budget to implement all planned overall situation in Kosovo in terms of handling THB cases. activities in the strategy, as well as the inability to participate in regional and international forums. Also, it was agreed On 12 September, the Mission organized a workshop to that more efforts should be placed on the implementation present the findings of the research draft report on Children of a strategic objective that covers de-radicalization and on the move between Prishtinë/Priština, Tirana and Skopje for reintegration. the purpose of labour and sexual exploitation (2014-2017). The event gathered 25 representatives of relevant institutions, civil Trafficking in Human Beings & Migration- society and international organizations in the field of tackling related Crime THB, as well as the anti-trafficking focal points from the OSCE On 27 and 28 February, the Mission organized a workshop Presence in Albania and the OSCE Mission to Skopje. After to conduct the second annual revision and amendment of the the presentation of the research findings, participants shared Action Plan of the Strategy against THB 2015-2019. The event their views and suggestions in an open discussion and gave brought together 30 participants representing all relevant their recommendations about certain elements contained in local institutions and international organizations working the draft report, which ought to be reviewed and included in in the field of THB, who were provided with an opportunity the final report. to share their feedback on the implementation status of activities in the action plan for the preceding year, as well On 18 and 19 September, the Mission organized an advanced as to comment and suggest amendments to the action plan training seminar on organized crime networks for the for the next period of implementation. Important input was smuggling of migrants via the Western Balkans route, aimed

76  POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES OF FIELD OPERATIONS SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPE

at 20 officers of the KP Directorate of Organized Crime Cybercrime Investigation and the Border Police Department. The training From 2 to 4 April, the Mission delivered a training course course covered topics such as the situation and trends in on contemporary trends and best practices on cases of child smuggling migrants on the Western Balkans route, the modus sexual abuse and internet recruiting to 20 officers of the KP operandi of organized crime networks, and the indicators Directorate for Investigation of THB and Cybercrime Unit. of migrant smuggling. In addition, through a case study The training focused on recruitment methods of children to on the investigation of migrant smuggling and their active produce pornographic material, internet child sexual abuse, participation, participants had an opportunity to enrich their techniques in identifying cases of child sexual abuseand knowledge in the investigation of smuggling of migrants by methods of recruiting victims of trafficking through fake online organized criminal networks through the Western Balkans advertisement for sexual and other forms of exploitation. route, but also to share their own experiences. Moreover, the The interactive sessions contributed to fruitful discussions presentation on the indicators for the identification of cases and sharing of experiences and best international practices, of migrant smuggling as an investigation tool is expected to and in identifying various constraints that the police faces further assist police officers involved in investigating such in this area, especially related to international co-operation. crimes. Participants showed particular interest in software tools and investigation methods for the identification of child sexual From 24 to 28 September, the Mission delivered a specialized abuse cases, internet recruiting, and methods and techniques training course to ten officers of the KP THB Directorate for gathering legal evidence against perpetrators. on performing static and dynamic surveillance on suspects engaged in THB, as well as victims and other people involved On 2 August, as part of the ExB project, “Strengthening in the investigation of THB cases. The training mainly focused the technical capabilities of KP to investigate and analyse on the practical application of covert measures and aimed cybercrimes” funded by the German Government, the Mission to develop and improve the participants’ ability to conduct handed over two forensic workstation units and specialized surveillance and record evidence gathered in accordance software to the KP Cybercrime Unit. The equipment was with human rights norms. Participants mainly learned about selected against the background and specific needs of the pertinent human rights provisions and legal procedures KP, with an aim to enhance the capacities of cybercrime in managing surveillance operations, co-operation and investigators to effectively and efficiently investigate and communication during the phases of such operations, tackle cyber-related crime cases. Specifically, these assets are techniques for mobile and foot surveillance of suspects, and expected to assist the Cybercrime Unit in effectively handling behavioural patterns of surveillance operators. Particular evidence obtained from the crime scene before they are focus was given to improving the abilities of participants contaminated or lost. With the need to transport evidence to to properly and lawfully collect evidence within public and the KAF for an in-depth examination, where it typically takes private facilities. time to obtain results, using the new equipment and software will enable the cybercrime investigators to process evidence From 26 October to 13 November, the Mission, the KP instantly at the scene. This will also ensure the complete Directorate for Investigation of THB, and ICITAP facilitated integrity of evidence during the entire handling process, a series of meetings through a joint awareness-raising while significantly shortening the process prior to the start of campaign to mark the EU Anti-Trafficking Day. The target investigation. audience of these campaign meetings consisted of around 600 students from universities and secondary schools in seven In October and November, the Mission facilitated two advanced municipalities. During the meetings, students were provided and specialized training phases on tracking and analysing with information brochures titled “I am not for sale”, printed digital currencies for two prosecutors and nine investigators with support of the Mission. Additionally, brief lectures on of the KP cybercrime and corruption investigation units. the topic were delivered by subject matter experts and a short These two five-day training courses equipped the attendees film on THB was presented to students. At the end of each with an understanding of the investigative process into digital meeting, students also had an opportunity to discuss about currencies and the Darknet and involved them in solving mock issues related to THB through open debates. Recognizing that investigative tasks through practical scenarios. As a result of they are likely to play a key role in preventing this phenomenon the training, the police investigators and prosecutors reported in the future, the students showed great interest in the topic that they were better able to identify suspicious transactions and valued the information conveyed. involving digital currencies, to take necessary measures and to conduct investigations appropriately.

77  4.3 Mission in Kosovo

With gender equality placed high on training on operational command services by enabling them to share its agenda, the Mission continuously duties for 13 senior KP women expertise, strengthen the role and contributes to the advancement officers at the SWP in Cardiff, United contribution of women, and advance of the role of women in the police Kingdom. This five-day practical their management and leadership services, by providing capacity- training provided the policewomen skills by developing and employing building, strategic and advisory with an opportunity to learn about a mentoring system as a means support. In this context, the Mission the principles of decision-making to supporting women officers’ completed the facilitation of a three- models for operational commanders’ career and personal development. module training course in 2018, duties and how strategic operational Furthermore, the protocol is which aimed to empower police and tactical command decisions are expected to yield successes in women by developing their skills taken. Participants were mentored co-operation between these police and competence for management by SWP senior policewomen and services in community policing and and leadership positions. spread into different police districts the fight against transnational crime, across Wales, which enabled them such as terrorism, drugs trafficking, In July 2016, the Mission, in to network and ensure sharing illegal migration and trafficking in co-ordination with the KP and of knowledge, successes and human beings. AWKP, facilitated a workshop for challenges, continued also after the 30 ranked women police officers training. in Prishtinë/Priština, in order to further assist them in developing Following this, the international their management skills and practices acquired during the competencies. The workshop was training programme helped three tailored to identify and develop policewomen from this group to be approaches in dealing with issues promoted in 2018 from lieutenant to and challenges that are most captain, and another one to a senior common to women leaders in law management position. Another two enforcement. captains have passed the necessary exams and are on the waiting list for Further to this, in March 2018, the a promotion as soon as positions Mission delivered an operational become available within the commanders training course to 13 organizational structure. supervising police women of this target group, which further focused Finally, as a result of this on the importance of women in programme, during which a close operational commanders’ positions, collaboration was developed addressing potential prejudices, between the KP, IAWP, Force perceptions and intolerance International, and the Gender toward women in command, and Equality Network in SWP, the the exploration of techniques to Mission facilitated on 6 December overcome barriers during daily work. the signing of the official co-operation protocol between the Lastly, in May 2018, the Mission KP and the SWP. This protocol aims finalized the delivery of a training to further strengthen the package on management and co-operation between these police leadership through on-the-job

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Mission in Kosovo – Police-Related Activities in 2018

36 20 Training Total Analysis of Lessons 188 Learned, Assessments Information and Guidelines Exchange / Institution 132 and Capacity-Building

ACTIVITIES ON:

General Police Development and Reform 87%

Threats posed by Criminal Activity 13%

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4.4 Mission to Montenegro

Introduction In 2018, the OSCE Mission to Montenegro (the Mission) continued to strengthen a transparent, responsive and accountable security and public safety sector in line with OSCE politico-military commitments. Under the Mission’s Security Co-operation and Governance Programme (SCoG) [before 2015 the Police Affairs Programme (PAF) and the 2018 Security Co-operation Programme (SCP)], two international and five national staff members continued to implement priorities identified by the Mission documents as outlined below.

BUDGET (UB)*

2018 2017 TOTAL TOTAL 2,146,200 EUR 17% 2,146,200 EUR 20% 84% SECURITY CO-OPERATION/ SECURITY CO-OPERATION/ POLICE AFFAIRS POLICE AFFAIRS 420,100 EUR 359,000 EUR POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES (52% out of the Security Co-operation/ (37% out of the Security Police Affairs) Co-operation/Police Affairs) 218,000 EUR 132,300 EUR STAFF* 2018 2017 TOTAL SECURITY CO-OPERATION/ TOTAL SECURITY CO-OPERATION/ POLICE AFFAIRS POLICE AFFAIRS 7 Total 6 Total 14% 5 Local Total 4 Local 20% 2 International 44 2 International Total 35

* Figures on budget and staff provided by the Mission to Montenegro.

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Activities Related to General Specialized Investigations Units / Forensics Police Development and On 5 and 6 December, 18 digital experts from forensic centres in Danilovgrad, Sarajevo and Zagreb gathered for a two- Reform day workshop organized by the Mission. They shared their experiences in the forensic examination of mobile phones, Police Development and Reform within along with best practices in applying forensic techniques Security Sector Reform to digital imaging. The participants concluded that the On 9 and 10 May, the Mission supported a workshop to standardization of forensic examination approaches should discuss the first draft of the 2019-2024 Police Human be applied throughout the region to enable a more efficient Resources Management (HRM) Strategy, together with comparison of results from cross-border investigations. the Norwegian Centre for Integrity in the Defence Sector They also recognized the need to strengthen research and (CIDS) and representatives of the Ministry of the Interior. practice in the collection of digital evidence and to address The workshop provided an opportunity for 15 participants to the increased demand for forensic analysis, reducing the discuss strengthening of HRM and planning within the police, growing backlog in evidence processing. The need to update improvements to the police education system, and means of equipment and provide investigators with continuous training identifying high-quality candidates and introducing a merit- was also emphasized. The workshop was part of the Mission’s based promotion system and gender equality. The Strategy long-term support to the MoI and Police Directorate in and Action Plan are key policy initiatives to strengthen the implementing criminal justice reform and supporting the professionalization of the police and should reflect the vision, Danilovgrad Forensic Center to enhance its institutional priorities and needs of the Police Directorate and the MoI, capacity and enable it to obtain its International Standard of including indicators that effectively measure results that were Quality ISO 17025 and membership in the European Network achieved. of Forensic Science Institutions (ENFSI).

From 14 to 16 May, the Mission and the Police Academy On 14 September, as part of the Mission’s project to strengthen of Montenegro held a three-day seminar on police the capacities of the Criminal Police and Forensic Centre and leadership and modern-day practices in managing a security support a comprehensive approach to criminal investigation, department. Eleven senior officials from the Ministries of the the Mission donated a digital evidence analysis workstation Interior, of Foreign Affairs, of Defence, as well as from the and two polygraphs for internal investigation. The donations Institute for Execution of Criminal Sanctions, the Maritime demonstrate the strategic and horizontal co-operation Safety Administration, the Customs Administration and the between the Mission and Montenegro’s law enforcement National Security Agency were introduced to contemporary agencies. security issues of small countries within the context of the SEE and EU States. Security topics included employee relations, risk management, terrorism, information security, access control, investigations, substance abuse, workplace violence and emergency management. Participants Activities Related to Threats emphasized the importance of maintaining security system management on the agenda of Montenegro’s Police Academy Posed by Criminal Activity and security sector institutions in the forthcoming period. Cross-Border Co-operation In Criminal Hate Crime Matters On 29 May, 18 September and 23 October, the Mission The Government of Montenegro, in an effort to detect organized, in co-operation with the Centre for Training in and deter the movement of FTFs and criminals, identified Judiciary and State Prosecution, training courses on hate the implementation of API as a priority in programmatic crime for around 85 judges and prosecutors from across consultations with the Mission. As of 23 February 2018, the Montenegro. Participants were introduced to the definition of establishment of national API systems became mandatory for and international legal provisions relating to hate crime and all the International Civil Aviation Organization’s Contracting examined the practices and precedents of the European Court States. The Mission, in close collaboration with the TNTD/ of Human Rights and the work of the United Nations Human BSMU, is working toward enhancing the Government’s Rights Committee. This event is part of the Mission’s cross- capacity to develop mechanisms to implement an API system. programmatic project to raise public awareness and support the response of law enforcement and judicial institutions to hate crime.

81  4.4 Mission to Montenegro

a single window with one government authority designated to receive passenger data on behalf of all other national agencies, and another to establish a stakeholder consultation group for engagement with airlines. The authorities were encouraged to appoint a national API co-ordinator and establish a working group. Commercial service providers and experts from the United States also attended the event and shared their experience and best practices in working with API data, presenting specific solutions for Montenegro that are based on user requirements. This working session updated the roadmap based on the conclusions of the discussions, provided a forum for the experts to assess the country’s needs, and address challenges in the API implementation process.

On 5 June, the Mission, together with four national points of Participants in the South-Eastern Europe Workshop on contact from the Civil Aviation Agency, Border Police and Combating Illicit Cross-border Trafficking in Cultural Customs Administration, travelled to the OSCE Secretariat Property visit the Doclea archaeological site in Podgorica, in Vienna to revise the draft BCSP. This programme was Montenegro, on 4 October 2018. (OSCE/Mission to developed as part of the OSCE TNTD pilot project on Montenegro). airport security for Montenegro, which was designed to improve information exchange and co-operation between law enforcement and private sector personnel to reduce criminal From 27 February to 1 March, building upon an initial event and terrorist threats and to identify FTFs at Montenegro’s in Podgorica in December 2017, the Mission supported international airports. TNTD/BSMU in conducting a Threat Assessment Mission to the international airports at Podgorica and Tivat. As a result From 20 to 22 June, TNTD, together with the Mission, of this assessment, it was agreed that TNTD/BSMU will organized a training course for 15 first and second-line border draft the National Border Community Security Programme and customs officers from the airports at Podgorica and Tivat (BCSP), which will reflect the Schengen Action Plan priorities on how to detect forged documents and impostors. The and other strategic documents provided by the Montenegrin training combined learning theory with practical exercises. Border Police. Agreement was reached for designated points Participants were exposed to available tools and services of contact from the Podgorica and Tivat airports to review in to identify FTF, techniques for printing travel documents, Vienna the draft BCSP with international experts from Airpol, along with scanning devices for official travel documents the International Air Transport Association (IATA), the and practices for gathering API. The TNTD donated eight International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and other specialized magnifiers to enhance the capacity of authorities relevant actors, and develop specific steps and a timeframe to identify forged documents and impostors at Montenegro’s for its implementation. The BCSP was launched in May with international airports. capacity-building training courses held for Podgorica/Tivat airport law enforcement personnel. The BCSP will be the first On 5 October, more than 50 participants from police, border of its kind in the SEE and will serve as a pilot programme for and customs services, as well as from the Ministries of Justice work by other OSCE field operations in the region. and Culture from SEE and South Caucasus, completed a five- day workshop in Podgorica on combating illicit cross-border From 5 to 8 March 2018, the Mission provided support to a trafficking in cultural property. The workshop was organized follow-up technical meeting organized by TNTD/BSMU for by the Italian OSCE Chairmanship in co-ordination with some 20 key experts from Montenegrin agencies who had TNTD/BSMU, the Mission and the Ministry of Culture of participated in a similar workshop in 2017 and are tasked Montenegro. The event highlighted the international legal with implementing the API. Assisted by an independent framework and best practices in criminal justice responses consultant, participants identified ways to improve the to trafficking in cultural property. Experts presented national legislation to grant law enforcement officials the legal available ICT systems and databases to support the fight authority to collect and process passenger data while fully against this phenomenon. They emphasized the importance respecting citizens’ right to privacy. The participants reviewed of international co-operation and information exchange the roadmap and discussed the recommendations developed as efficient counter-measures, equally important to the at the first workshop, in particular one that proposed to create monitoring and protection of archaeological sites, as well

82  POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES OF FIELD OPERATIONS SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPE

as controls in museums. Experts from various agencies and Criminal Justice Sector. The seminar’s focus was on effective bodies participated in the workshop. terrorism prevention and prosecution measures, while ensuring respect for human rights. Over 30 Montenegrin In December, a two-day roundtable discussion on airport prosecutors and judges, as well as representatives from security was held in Podgorica. It was the first event within correctional facilities and other ministries participated. an OSCE project on airport security developed by TNTD/ Experts and participants discussed, among other issues, BSMU. Over 30 officials from Montenegro and senior border effective co-ordination mechanisms among domestic experts from France, Portugal, Spain and Frontex discussed government agencies and the importance of protecting existing standards and best practices for airport security. The sensitive information in terrorism cases. The seminar also event reviewed public-private partnerships at the Podgorica highlighted the need to ensure the protection of all parties airport and developed recommendations for future activities. involved in terrorism cases, as well as to develop policies It also provided an opportunity for an on-site visit to for effective incarceration and reintegration of convicted Podgorica International Airport. terrorists.

From 11 to 14 December, the Mission, in co-operation On 10 December, the Mission facilitated a multi-stakeholder with TNTD/BSMU, organized a national training course in dialogue with 15 members to raise awareness and exchange Podgorica on behavioural analysis and identification of FTFs expertise in the review of the National Strategy and Action and criminals at airports for 24 border and customs officers Plan, which was designed to enhance the capacity of the from Montenegro’s Podgorica and Tivat airports, the Civil national and regional institutions to prevent and combat Aviation Agency and the Intelligence Agency of Montenegro. terrorism. This workshop was a follow-up to the April The interactive course, which was conducted with support workshop. The Strategy and the Action Plan are expected to of Israeli National Police and United States Federal Bureau be adopted by the Government by January 2019. of Investigation experts, focused on profiling, controlled cognitive engagement, as well as on detecting deception and On 14 December, the Mission supported the organization of a vulnerability assessments to better and more easily detect conference in Podgorica, at which a national platform for P/C FTFs and other potential criminals at airports. Participants VERLT, developed by the MoI and the Centre for Democratic were engaged in practical exercises, using video materials Transition and with support of the Mission, was presented. and applying different interviewing techniques. The activity is The conference gathered participants from the parliament, part of the TNTD’s project on airport security in Montenegro, government, executive agencies, local self-governments, launched in co-operation with the Mission in 2017. The aim educational institutions, youth associations, NGOs, media, of the project is to reduce the risk of criminal and terrorist religious communities and the diplomatic corps. Participants acts, particularly those related to the cross-border movement expressed their views and ideas on how to P/C VERLT. The of FTFs via Montenegro’s airports. platform document is part of the Mission’s commitment to support Montenegro in combating terrorism by supplying Counter-Terrorism & P/C VERLT tools and support to strengthen democratic values of On 11 and 12 April, the OSCE Mission, in partnership individuals and communities through a holistic approach to with the National Security Council of the Government security and multi-sectoral dialogue and co-operation. of Montenegro, organized a workshop dedicated to the preparation of the "Draft National Strategy for the prevention Illicit Drugs and Chemical Precursors and combating of terrorism, money laundering and terrorist In December, 18 participants from the Police Directorate, financing 2019-2022" and the Action Plan 2019-2020, in MoI, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Education, Basic State Kolasin, Montenegro. Some 18 practitioners from the Special Prosecutor’s Office, the Public Institution for Rehabilitation of State Prosecutor’s Office, the Higher Court, MoI, the Justice Drug Users “Kakaricka Gora”, the Institute for Public Health, Ministry, the Defence Ministry, the Foreign Affairs Ministry, the Special Psychiatric Hospital in Kotor and from local drug the National Security Agency, the Agency for Prevention abuse prevention offices, gathered for a seminar at which of Money Laundering and Financing of Terrorism, the Tax they presented their experiences and recommendations for Administration, the Police Directorate and the Customs action on the prevention, education, treatment, rehabilitation Administration participated in the workshop. and harm reduction of drug abuse. They also discussed the penetration of drugs into schools, with a particular focus On 18 and 19 September, the TNTD/ATU, in close co- placed on the legal and social implications of illicit drug abuse operation with the Mission, held a two-day seminar that and drug addiction. The seminar highlighted the importance examined good practices from the The Rabat Memorandum of Montenegrin institutions pooling their resources and on Good Practices for Effective Counterterrorism Practice in the expertise, with support of the OSCE, to develop strategies

83  4.4 Mission to Montenegro

to limit illicit drug production and trafficking, and support 50 representatives from the Prosecutor’s Office, Police victims of drug abuse. Directorate and the judiciary were given an opportunity to strengthen their capacities to understand and safeguard the Trafficking in Human Beings & Migration- rights of THB victims by examining relevant case studies and related Crime other mechanisms to identify victims and investigate cases. From 11 to 13 June, the Mission, in partnership with the National Coordinator’s Office for Combating Human On 12 December, the “Guidelines on General Principles Trafficking of Montenegro, organized a workshop in Regarding Non-punishment Provisions for Victims of Podgorica dedicated to the preparation of the “2019-2024 THB” were presented in Podgorica to Montenegrin police Draft National Strategy for Combating THB” and the 2019 officers, State prosecutors and judges. These guidelines were Action Plan, both of which are expected to be adopted in early developed in co-ordination with the MoI’s National Office for 2019. The activity is part of the Mission’s efforts to address the Fight against THB in support of Montenegro’s institutions transnational threats to security and is a continuation of its to fight organized crime and corruption. The guidelines were support provided in preparing key documents on the issue. designed to assist the authorities in ensuring that the human rights of trafficked victims are fully respected. In October and November, as part of the Mission’s ongoing efforts to support the government to protect, identify and assist potential victims of THB, the Mission organized four two-day workshops on countering THB. Some

Mission to Montenegro – Police-Related Activities in 2018

8 Analysis of Lessons Training Information Learned, Assessments 8 Total Exchange / Institution and Guidelines 26 and Capacity-Building

10

ACTIVITIES ON:

General Police Development and Reform 15%

Threats posed by Criminal Activity 85%

84  POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES OF FIELD OPERATIONS SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPE

South - E astern E urope

4.5 Mission to Serbia

Introduction With the adoption of the 2018 UB, the Mission shifted its focus from a police-centred to a more comprehensive and inclusive approach to security sector and governance reform, linking the reform process in the fields of criminal justice system, law enforcement, defence, democratic control and community participation. To reflect this change, the Mission re- named its Police Affairs Department (PAD) into the Security Co-operation Department (SCD), which became functional in 2018. The Mission’s SCD, comprised of four international and 15 national staff, continued to support Serbia’s authorities with the reform of the security sector.

Throughout 2018, the Mission assisted the host country in fostering a more accountable security sector, able to address serious threats and crimes while ensuring public safety and the protection of the human rights of citizens. The Mission’s assistance focused, among other issues, on the following areas: improving internal control and police accountability systems; embedding community policing in crime prevention through partnerships with local

BUDGET (UB)*

2018 2017 TOTAL TOTAL 6,238,000 EUR 15% 6,238,000 EUR 84% 15% POLICE AFFAIRS POLICE AFFAIRS DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT 930,300 EUR 930,300 EUR

STAFF* 2018 2017 TOTAL POLICE AFFAIRS TOTAL POLICE AFFAIRS 19 Total 19 Total 15 Local 15% 14 Local Total 15% 4 International 127 5 International Total 126.8

(UB)1

* Figures on budget and staff provided by the Mission to Serbia.

85  4.5 Mission to Serbia

governments and civil society; fostering regional co-operation in combatting transnational and organized crime; developing a holistic approach to dealing with VERLT; enhancing inter-agency co-operation to increase and improve prosecution of corruption cases and economic crimes, including money- laundering cases; building the capacity of police in cyber forensics and in investigating cybercrime; promoting the OSCE’s comprehensive approach to security sector governance and reform (SSGR); supporting the implementation of the Strategy and Action Plan to Prevent and Suppress Human Trafficking, especially trafficking in women and children; and strengthening the mechanisms responsible for the protection of trafficking victims.

enrolment in basic police training. Some 40 designated Activities Related to General police officers, trained by the MoI and the Mission to be district recruitment focal points, as well as representatives Police Development and of the MoI’s BPTC, presented the selection process and employment opportunities to interested citizens, in Reform particular to those representing national minorities. The Mission provided assistance in designing the information Human Resources / Police Management material and translating it into 11 languages of Serbia’s To support the ongoing reforms within the MoI’s human national minorities; resource management and to contribute to achieving a more representative police service, the Mission implemented the • From 12 to 18 September, the Mission, together with the following activities: MoI’s BPTC and the Roma Police Officers Association, organized preparation sessions for applicants to the BPTC. • From 9 to 16 March, the Mission assisted the MoI in As part of the activity, experienced police officers travelled organizing “Open Day” events in 16 police districts across Serbia to inform aspiring candidates, including across Serbia.1 The events aimed at inviting the public to members of national minorities, about the selection come to police stations and learn more about the police process and the eligibility criteria to become police officers; profession and enrolment into basic police training. Some 30 designated uniformed police officers, trained • From 21 to 23 December, the Mission, the Vocational by the MoI and the Mission to be district recruitment Police Association “European Police Officers of Roma focal points, and representatives of the MoI’s Basic Police Nationality” and the MoI organized a seminar on the Training Centre (BPTC), presented the selection process representation of national minorities in the police and in and employment opportunities to interested citizens, in the Municipal Safety Councils (MSCs). The event gathered particular those representing national minorities. With the 25 members of the Police Association and the MoI’s Mission’s support, the accompanying promotional material Police Directorate. The members of the Police Association was translated into 11 minority languages: Albanian, were representatives of different national minorities Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech, Hungarian, Roma (two working in the police (Albanian, Bosniak, Bulgarian, dialects), Romanian, Ruthenian, Slovak and Ukrainian. It Croatian, Egyptian, Hungarian, Macedonian, Roma, was distributed to relevant police districts and the BPTC; Romanian, Slovak and Vlach) who discussed challenges and progress in ensuring the adequate representation of • From 25 to 29 June, the Mission assisted the MoI in national minorities in the police and in the MSCs along organizing “Open Day” events in 23 police districts with mechanisms supporting the fulfilment of the rights across Serbia. The call for the recruitment of 900 police of members of national minorities. The event identified officers for basic police training was open for one month, specific steps to be undertaken in recruiting members of from 20 June to 20 July. The call aimed to fill 549 vacant national minorities for police work; posts in the Belgrade Police District and 351 vacant posts in 22 other police districts across Serbia. During the • In 2018, the Mission also produced a promotional video “Open Day” events, residents were invited to visit local about the police service that was translated into eleven police stations and learn about the police profession and minority languages.

1 These open days were organized in the following 16 police districts: Belgrade, Čačak, Jagodina, Kikinda, Kragujevac, Niš, Novi Sad, Pančevo, Požarevac, Smederevo, Sombor, Sremska Mitrovica, Subotica, Užice, Valjevo and Zaječar.

86  POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES OF FIELD OPERATIONS SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPE

Human Rights and Police Accountability In December, the Mission and the MoI jointly commissioned On 27 and 28 February, to further strengthen the the 11th consecutive annual public perception survey on the accountability and integrity of law enforcement agencies, work of the police to provide reliable data for measuring trends the Mission, together with the MoI, organized a study visit in how citizens of Serbia perceive the effects of police reform. to the Romanian MoI’s Anti-Corruption Directorate. Five The survey was conducted on the basis of a representative representatives of the Serbian MoI’s Sector for Internal sample of 1,000 face-to-face interviews. The questionnaire Control (SIC) learned from their Romanian counterparts contained 120 questions that had also been used in previous how to regulate and implement an integrity test and conduct surveys, thereby enabling data comparison and the study of an analysis of the corruption risk among police officers. The trends. participants were given an opportunity to acquire knowledge on maintaining an advanced database registry of corruption Anti-Corruption risks, to which different work posts in the police service From January to March, the Mission supported the MoI’s may be exposed, and on the methodology for conducting a Service for Combatting Organized Crime to deliver the final corruption risk assessment. Based on the lessons learned two cycles of a four-week basic specialized training course during this visit, the Mission will assist the MoI in developing on corruption. A total of 120 police investigators learned a system for corruption risk assessment in the upcoming more about the criminal legislation framework covering period. corruption-related crimes, ways to use available databases, and basics of forensic accounting. The training was held at From February to April, the Mission together with the the MoI’s Basic Police Training Center in Sremska Kamenica. MoI built the capacities of police officers from central and These last two cycles completed a process initiated by the district levels, designated to handle requests for access to Mission in September 2017. The trained police investigators information of public importance and to resolve complaints will subsequently enrol in advanced anti-corruption courses. filed against the police. Twenty-one seminars with a total of 630 participants provided much needed direct contact In March 2018, the “Law on Organization and Jurisdiction between district-level handlers of requests and their of State Authorities in Suppressing Organized Crime, colleagues working at the central MoI level. The seminars Terrorism and Corruption” came into force. In addition to created an opportunity for an organization-wide discussion establishing relevant specialized departments in Higher and clarification of issues regarding the procedure of handling Prosecution Offices and Higher Courts in Belgrade, the Law requests for access to information of public importance that also established the Anti-Corruption Department within the are submitted to the MoI. They also contributed to clarifying MoI, which acts by order of the specialized prosecutor. The procedures of dealing with citizen complaints against the Mission enhanced the capacities of 120 MoI Anti-Corruption police. Overall, the Mission efforts contributed to fostering a Department officers by providing 24 training courses on more transparent and accountable security sector. corruption, investigation of the misuse of public funds, qualifying economic crime and corruption offences, and on From October to November, to foster accountability in the the recognition of evidence in such cases. relationship between community and the police, the Mission, together with the Office of the Commissioner for the Protection As part of its efforts to support the police and prosecution of Equality and with the MoI, organized four workshops for in effectively fighting corruption, the Mission continued to police officers focusing on how to identify various types of build the capacities of the MoI as well as to enhance the co- discrimination and adequately respond to them. A total of operation between the MoI and the Public Prosecutor’s Office. 100 officers from 12 police districts in Serbia2 learned about The main focus throughout 2018 was on capacity-building of international standards and national legislation pertaining to the 120 police officers working in the MoI’s Anti-Corruption anti-discrimination, including principles of gender equality in Department and its ten newly established anti-corruption the security sector. In line with the agreement reached among field sections in Belgrade, Čačak, Jagodina, Kraljevo, Niš, the MoI, the Commissioner’s Office and the Mission, half of Novi Sad, Subotica, Šabac, Užice and Zaječar. With the the participants were women police officers. The workshops Mission’s support, all of these police officers participated in were held in Belgrade, Kragujevac and Zrenjanin. This activity 24 specialized training courses on corruption, investigation complements the MoI’s commitment to uphold ethical of the misuse of public funds, qualifying economic crime principles and diversity in police work. As of 2018, the topic and corruption offences, and on the recognition of evidence of hate crime was incorporated in the anti-discrimination in such cases. More specifically, this entailed the following training for police. training events:

2 Police officers from the police districts of Belgrade, Sombor, Kikinda, Kragujevac, • From 19 February to 28 March, the Mission, together with Kraljevo, Novi Pazar, Novi Sad, Pančevo, Prijepolje, Prokuplje, Smederevo and Vranje attended. the MoI organized four courses on open source databases

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to gain knowledge on the typologies of fraud against the public interest and the available tools and mechanisms to fight them. The experts from the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of European Integration, the MoI ,the Prosecutor’s Office for Organized Crime, the Higher Prosecutor’s Office, and the Governmental Audit Office of EU Funds delivered lectures;

• From 15 November to 11 December, the Mission, together with the MoI, organized four two-day courses on how to prove corruption and economic criminal offences. A total of 110 police officers and prosecutors from the special Anti-Corruption Departments were trained on how to qualify economic crime and corruption offences, how to The Head of the OSCE Mission to Serbia and the Head of recognize evidence necessary for proving these offences, the Mission’s Security Co-operation Department launch the and what evidence police has to collect in order to present second phase of the risky behaviour prevention project “To them to the prosecutors. Success, Together!”. Novi Sad, 25 October 2018. (OSCE/ Milan Obradović) These activities were implemented as part of the second phase of the project “Enhancing Capacities of the Serbian Police to Fight Corruption”, supported by the Norwegian MFA. for 25 police officers per course, totalling 100 staff of the MoI’s Anti-Corruption Department; From 9 to 12 July, recognizing the importance of regional co- operation in the fight against corruption, the Mission, jointly • From 16 April to 18 May, the Mission, together with the with the OSCE Secretariat, supported the Regional Anti- MoI, organized four courses on bank documentation for Corruption Initiative in organizing the 13th Summer School the MoI’s Anti-Corruption Department staff, assisting for Junior Anti-Corruption Practitioners from SEE. Hosted them to examine bank documents, such as accounts of by Serbia’s Ministry of Justice, the event was convened at the legal entities, bank statements, credit and debit cards, Judicial Academy of Serbia in Belgrade. Nine international checks and alternative money transfers (“Hawala”); experts trained some 20 participants from Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, North Macedonia, Moldova, • From 28 May to 19 June, the Mission, together with the Montenegro, Romania, Serbia and Slovenia on corruption MoI, organized four courses on special evidentiary actions, phenomenology and emerging trends. The participants also focusing on the circumstances in which special evidentiary learned why the recovery of criminal assets was crucial in actions may apply, ways to obtain a prosecutor’s order for fighting corruption and organized crime, and discussed cross- the use of special evidentiary actions, and ways to use border and regional co-operation in investigating complex the evidence collected in this way in the pre-investigative criminal offences and seizing and confiscating criminal assets. procedure; From 15 to 16 October, the Mission, in partnership with the • From 30 August to 28 September, the Mission and the MoI, organized a two-day intensive training on corruption MoI organized four courses on public procurement fraud risk analysis. Held for Serbia’s MoI employees, the training for staff of the MoI’s Anti-Corruption Department. The was delivered by experts from the Anti-Corruption General courses aimed at improving the quality of indictments Directorate of the Romanian MoI. A total of 25 participants and court decisions concerning cases related to public took part in this event, including representatives of the MoI’s procurement, where police-prosecution investigation SIC, the Criminal Investigations Directorate, and the Customs is essential. The participants learned how tendering Administration. The main goal of the training was to increase documentation or informal arrangements of parties the participants’ knowledge and skills relevant for identifying involved in implementing tendering procedures could be corruption risks in the police and successfully implementing used to commit fraud; preventive measures.

• From 16 October to 9 November, the Mission organized From 17 to 19 October, the Mission organized a three-day four two-day courses on the misuse of public funds. In workshop, during which the Romanian experts who delivered total, 112 police officers and prosecutors from the special the training on 15 and 16 October, worked closely with Anti-Corruption Departments were given an opportunity representatives of the Serbian SIC on defining indicators of

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corruption risks and threats different staff posts within the the counterparts. The following activities were implemented MoI may be exposed to. The experts also provided the SIC within that process: with input necessary for finalizing the methodology for corruption risk assessments. • On 5 May, together with the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, the Mission organized a Community Policing, Police-Public friendly football tournament within the prevention project Relations and Crime Prevention “To Success, Together!”. The friendly football tournament On 25 January, the Mission, together with the MoI and brought together some 140 children from Serbia and the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Israel4; Development, produced a handbook on the “Basics of Child Safety”, an essential safety guide for children, parents and • On 25 October, in Novi Sad, the Mission, together with teachers. The handbook contains information on the harmful the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Youth and Sports, effects of the common dangers children are exposed to, such and the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological as bullying, drugs and alcohol abuse. The publication also Development, launched the second phase of the project includes comprehensive instructions on how to react in such “To Success, Together!”. The Head of Mission, the Mayor of harmful situations. With Mission support, a total of 138,000 Novi Sad, the Minister of Youth and Sports, the Assistant copies were distributed to primary schools across the country. Minister of Education, Science and Technological The handbook was translated into eight minority languages Development, the State Secretary at the Ministry of Health, (Albanian, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Croatian, Hungarian, the Ambassador of Israel to Serbia, and the Deputy Head Romanian, Ruthenian and Slovak) for schoolchildren of of Mission at the Embassy of Italy to Serbia opened the various ethnic communities in the country. The objective was launch event, organized as a school football tournament to supply every fourth grade pupil in Serbia with a copy, which that gathered 150 children from six primary schools from was achieved. The Head of Mission presented the handbook across Serbia. In addition to the primary schools from together with the Minister of Interior and the Assistant Kragujevac, Niš, Novi Sad and Vrčin that participated in Minister of Education at an event organized on 12 February the piloting process, the second phase included two more in a primary school in Vrčin. schools from Novi Pazar and Leskovac;

From 19 to 22 March and from 14 to 17 May, the Mission, • From 26 to 28 November, the Mission, together with together with the MoI, organized a series of communication the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological skills training courses to assist Serbia in strengthening the Development, the Ministry of Health and the Ministry trust between citizens and the police. Participants were of Youth and Sports, organized the first co-ordination uniformed police officers at operational and supervisory levels meeting of all participants and the training of new in Niš and Zlatibor. A total of 133 police officers3, 11 of whom volunteers engaged in the project. After the co-ordination were women, were taught about the advantage of adopting meeting, during which participants exchanged good a preventive approach to policing, pursued for example by practices gained in the pilot phase and provided guidelines meeting and interacting with citizens during events such as for upcoming project activities, expert lecturers from public debates, school visits, visits by community groups to the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological police stations, or public information campaigns. Development coached some ten new volunteers on how to organize workshops for primary school pupils; Throughout 2018, the Mission co-operated with the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Education, Science and • On 20 December, the Mission, together with the MoI and Technological Development, and the Ministry of Youth and the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Sports in the implementation of the project “Prevention Development, launched a mobile application on “The of risky behaviour among children through sports and Basics of Child Safety”. The event launching the application education”, also known as “To Success, Together!”. The was organized in a primary school in Mladenovac and project aims to create an environment that provides positive was attended by the Head of Mission and the Minister alternatives for school pupils to resist various pressures that of Interior. The application was developed as a follow-up can result in delinquency, violent extremism, drug abuse to the handbook “Basics of Child Safety” and is aimed and peer violence. This project is an example of the cross- to reach out to schoolchildren, teachers and parents dimensional/whole-government approach to security that using a modern, digital platform. It was designed to raise the Mission applies in all its initiatives, in partnership with awareness of various child safety issues, from traffic safety

3 The participating police officers were from Bor, Čačak, Kruševac, Kragujevac, Kraljevo, Leskovac, Niš, Novi Pazar, Pirot, Prijepolje, Prokuplje, Užice, Valjevo, 4 Twenty-two children from Israel, participating in a similar project called “The Equal- Vranje and Zaječar. izer”, travelled to Serbia for the occasion.

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and bullying at school to drug and alcohol abuse. community groups, media, citizens, and regional and national authorities, or to draft press releases, are essential In line with the Mission’s support to local initiatives that skills in encouraging citizen participation, promoting local promote police-public partnerships through the MSC safety and building public trust in institutions, including at mechanism, the following activities were implemented: the local level.

• From April to June, the Mission, together with the From 3 to 5 December, to assist Serbia’s authorities in Leskovac MSC and the CSO Association of Professionals improving security around schools and preventing drug in Education and Learning (APEL), organized a series of abuse among schoolchildren, the Mission, together nine workshops on preventing gender-based violence. with the UNODC Office in Belgrade and the MoI’s Drug Students from two secondary schools were taught about Addiction Prevention and Narcotics Suppression Service this negative phenomenon and the existing mechanisms of the Criminalistics Investigation Directorate, organized for the protection of vulnerable victims. They also were training for 25 police officers from 15 cities from across given an opportunity to learn of the dangers of unrestrained the country on the correct application of police powers gender-based violence turning into domestic violence. in a school environment, risk factors for young people The project ended on 7 June with a final workshop on the becoming dependent on drugs, and prevention techniques prevention of gender-based violence; against drug abuse among youth. The Mission’s efforts complemented the Serbian authorities’ efforts in improving • From 29 to 31 October, the Mission, together with the security around schools and preventing drug abuse among MSC of the town of Pirot, organized a two-day planning schoolchildren. session to identify strategic priorities as part of the finalization of its Safety Strategy. Twenty-two members From 3 to 7 December, the Mission organized a workshop for of the Council, including representatives of the police, MoI representatives responsible for community policing. The the local self-government, the prosecution, the centre for workshop served to develop educational materials for future social welfare, health institutions, schools’ administration, in-service community policing training for police officers. and civil society, jointly identified safety issues and In total, 17 police officers, most of whom will act as future drafted the Strategy, which aims to improve the security community policing trainers, participated in the workshop. of citizens. While identifying the priorities for action and strategy development, the participants used the findings of On 17 December, the Mission assisted in the organization a survey on local safety in Pirot, conducted in line with the of the “Sub-Regional Policy Makers Meeting on Holistic Mission’s recommendations earlier in 2018; Approaches to the Prevention of Youth Crime and Violence – Promising Practices from Albania, Montenegro and Serbia”, • From May to August, the Mission, together with the MSC organized jointly by the TNTD and UNODC. The meeting of the Municipality of Zvezdara, engaged the CSO, Centre gathered 30 representatives of the Ministries of Health, for Reintegration and Activism Belgrade, to research Education, Interior, and Youth and Sports from Albania, opinions of youth about intolerance and hate crime, and Montenegro and Serbia, who shared their experiences and inquire which social groups are mostly at risk of becoming future plans to prevent crime and violence among youth. Half targets. The research involved some 300 students from of the participants were women. The workshop also enabled secondary schools in Zvezdara. Its results contributed to the exchange of lessons learned among policy-makers on the development of an action plan aiming at combating investments in crime prevention through social development, prejudice among young people as a main driver of hate programmes on life skills development, education and sport crime. The action plan foresees workshops as a tool to raise initiatives, and parent skills training. awareness on the harmfulness of bias; Gender-based and Domestic Violence • From 28 to 29 November, the Mission supported the holding From April to November, the Mission implemented a project of a workshop for representatives of ten MSCs from across on “Promoting prevention, gender equality and combatting Serbia. In total, 20 municipal officials and police officers of gender-based violence in local communities of Southwest from Čačak, Niš, Novi Pazar, Pirot, Požarevac, Raška, Serbia (phase II)”. The Mission and its implementing Vrbas, Zemun and Zvezdara were given an opportunity partner, CSO Impuls from Tutin, implemented this project to learn to engage with their respective local communities to strengthen the inclusiveness of civil society in discussing through effectively formulating and communicating their security and safety at the local level. The initiative promoted plans and messages. The ability to communicate services gender equality and women’s rights at the local level, including in a transparent manner, to effectively communicate with among migrant women, thus promoting the objectives of the

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National Action Plan for the Implementation of UNSCR 1325 Activities Related to Threats on Women, Peace and Security. The project included more than 20 events, including workshops for psychosocial support Posed by Criminal Activity to migrant/refugee women from migrant centres in Tutin and Sjenica, and the regional civil society event “Safe and Free”, Organized Crime which gathered some 50 women activists from the region and, From 13 to 14 June, the Mission facilitated the visit of among other issues, focused on active response by women to Italy’s National Chief Prosecutor on Anti-mafia and Anti- gender-based violence. terrorism and his deputies to discuss areas of co-operation with Serbia’s institutions. Together with the Head of Mission On 7 November, in Tutin, the CSO Impuls organized a and the Ambassador of Italy to Serbia, Italy’s National Chief roundtable discussion on the application of the Law on Prosecutor on Anti-mafia and Anti-terrorism held separate Prevention of Domestic Violence adopted in 2017. Around 15 meetings with Serbia’s Justice Minister and Serbia’s Organized participants, including prosecutors, social workers, municipal Crime Prosecutor and his deputies. The delegation also met officials, schools, health institutions and CSOs, examined Serbia’s Republic Public Prosecutor, the Deputy Prosecutor, the provisions of the new Law and discussed ways to get the as well as the Head of the Department for International Co- community involved in addressing domestic violence and operation and Mutual Legal Assistance and the Head of the assisting the victims. Service for Combatting Organized Crime within the Ministry of Interior’s Criminal Investigations Directorate. Topics On 14 November, the project gathered some 30 participants discussed included strengthening the network of organized at a presentation on “Women in the Army”, organized as the crime prosecutors, the potential co-operation of Italy’s final event of the project. organized crime prosecutors with Serbia’s Judicial Academy as lecturers, and mutual legal assistance and operational co- Hate Crime operation on concrete cases. On 13 June, to build the capacities of the police to address and respond to hate crimes, the Mission’s Security Co- On 29 June, in its continued efforts to contribute to the operation and Democratization Departments, together with sustainability of regional prosecutorial co-operation in the MoI and the ODIHR, organized a roundtable meeting combating transnational and organized crime, the Mission to discuss various training modalities on hate crimes supported the organization of the fourth meeting of the implemented in several OSCE participating States. This Permanent Conference of Organized Crime Prosecutors, event served to initiate discussions with the MoI on relevant in Skopje. The conference brought together high-level training opportunities for the police. It was attended by 18 prosecutors from Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, participants. The six MoI representatives included members Croatia, Hungary, Italy, North Macedonia, Montenegro, of the Sector for International Co-operation, the Criminal Romania, Serbia and Slovenia to discuss pressing issues of Investigation Directorate, and the Department for Training co-operation and information sharing in the area of serious and Education. In addition, three representatives of the transnational crime, terrorism, trafficking of firearms, and OSCE Mission to Bosnia and Herzegovina along with one investigation of financial crime. The participants explored representative of the police from Canton Tuzla participated the possibility of organizing a joint workshop with police and in the event and presented their experiences. The ODIHR prosecutors from all participating countries, and reviewed presented their programme “Training against Hate Crime for further implementation of the “Declaration of Intent”. Law Enforcement (TAHCLE)”, designed to improve police skills in recognizing, understanding and investigating hate Financial Investigations, Anti-Money crimes, which can be tailored to the needs and experiences Laundering and Seizures of Criminal of each country in which it is used. The MoI representatives Proceeds learned from their police counterparts from Canton Tuzla, From 2 to 23 March, the Mission, together with the MoI, BiH and the OSCE Mission to BiH about their experiences in organized four awareness-raising seminars5 on the misuse of combating hate crimes. public funds. The activity provided representatives of relevant Serbian authorities with knowledge about the classifications of the types of frauds related to the misuse of public funds, and the tools they have at their disposal to fight this type of fraud. Around 80 participants from the Tax Administration, the MoI’s Criminal Investigations Directorate and the

5 The seminars were organized on 2, 9, 16 and 23 March in Belgrade, Kragujevac, Niš and Novi Sad, respectively.

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Higher Public Prosecutor’s Office attended the seminars and • From 5 to 9 November, the Mission supported the discussed possible ways to suppress irregularities and fraud in organization of a four-day workshop for a group of police the handling of public funds. trainers specialized in P/C VERLT. They developed a guiding tool for the police, which describes possible From September to November, the Mission and the MoI sources and manifestations of VERLT, as well as adequate organized a fourteen-day ToT course on “Fighting Money police engagement at community level to respond to them; Laundering and Countering Terrorism Financing” for police investigators. A total of 15 officers took part in three modules: • From 4 to 7 December, the Mission supported the “Money Laundering and Terrorism Financing”, “Most organization of a three-day working meeting for a group Common and New Typologies of Money Laundering and of police trainers to assist them in developing a brochure Terrorism Financing” and “The International Community’s on the possible sources and manifestations of VERLT and Response”. Upon completion of the course, the officers took aspects of adequate police engagement at the community ownership of the training course and will pass this knowledge level. In early 2019, the Mission will support the MoI in on to their colleagues in the police. This effort contributed to printing the material and sharing it with relevant target building the capacities of police investigators to fight money groups. laundering and counter terrorism financing. From 27 to 29 March, the Mission assisted the UN Counter- From 1 to 12 October, the Mission supported five participants, Terrorism Committee Executive Directorate (UNCTED) three prosecutors from the Special Prosecution Office in conducting a visit to Serbia. The visit’s focus was to and two police officers, to attend the course “How to carry assess the progress made by Serbia in implementing the out fiscal checks and investigations aimed at combating recommendations made by the Committee during its 2013 international tax evasion, smuggling and corruption” in Ostia, visit and addressed measures introduced to implement UN Italy. The course was organized in the Guardia di Finanza Security Council Resolution 2178 and other relevant Council training school and was implemented under a MoU in the resolutions. In accordance with the practice followed during field of education, signed between the Ministry of Justice of the Committee’s previous visits, the human rights aspects of Serbia and the Italian Financial Police and implemented by Serbia’s counter-terrorism measures and the role of women the Judicial Academy. in countering terrorism and violent extremism in accordance with UNSCR 2242 were also raised during the discussions. Counter-Terrorism & P/C VERLT During the visit, the delegation met numerous government To help Serbia build its capacities in P/C VERLT: officials, technical assistance providers, implementing partners, as well as the Head of Mission and representatives • On 8 and 9 February, the Mission, together with the MoI, of civil society. organized a mock training exercise on P/C VERLT for seven trainers from the Uniformed Police and the Service On 18 December, to support the Serbian authorities in the for Countering Terrorism and Extremism. The activity implementation of the National Strategy for the Prevention enabled the officers, who completed the ToT course in and Countering of Terrorism for the period 2017-2021, the December 2017, to try out their newly acquired training Mission supported the Government’s Office for Co-operation skills and fine-tune the training materials they have with Civil Society in the organization of a consultative meeting produced; with the SCOs active in the area of P/C VERLT. The meeting was an opportunity for the MoI, the Ministry of Education, • On 12 and 13 March in Novi Sad, 15 and 16 March in Niš, Science and Technological Development, as well as for 35 22 and 23 March in Novi Pazar, and 16 and 17 April in representatives of relevant CSOs, to share information and Belgrade, the Mission, together with the MoI, organized thereby strengthen their communication and partnership four pilot training courses on P/C VERLT. Seven trainers in this important area. It was also an opportunity for the from the MoI’s Uniformed Police and the Service for Mission to promote the OSCE Handbook on The Role of Civil Countering Terrorism and Extremism, who participated in Society in Preventing and Countering Violent Extremism and the Mission’s 2017 ToT courses on P/C VERLT, shared their Radicalization that Lead to Terrorism: A Focus on South- knowledge and experience on early identification and P/C Eastern Europe and to provide an update by its expert staff on VERLT with 70 local police officers from the uniformed the Mission’s efforts in this area. police and the local sections for countering terrorism and extremism. They learned how community policing can effectively prevent unwanted events from escalating, and improve general safety of the community;

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Illicit Drugs and Chemical Precursors Task Force on Combatting Human Smuggling (consisting of From 17 to 21 September in Moscow, the Russian Federation, representatives of the police and the Prosecutor’s office) to the Mission, in partnership with Serbia’s MoI, facilitated the build its capacities and foster operational co-operation with participation of Serbian police officers in an intensive training authorities from Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, North Macedonia, on countering online drug trafficking. Eight members of the Hungary and Romania through bilateral and multilateral MoI’s Service for Combating Organized Crime and the Service meetings and events. for the Prevention of Drug Addiction and Suppression of Drug Trafficking were trained alongside Russian specialized From 13 to 16 November, the Mission supported the CSO operational services. The participants also shared experiences ASTRA in organizing a four-day training event on “Working in this area and gained knowledge about specific measures on the SOS Hotline for victims of trafficking and exploitation used in investigating drug trafficking on the internet. The in human beings”. The event gathered 23 participants, students Mission plans to continue the co-operation with the training and graduate students of law and humanities from different institutions from the Russian Federation in the area of the cities in Serbia. The participants gained basic knowledge detection of security threats in operating systems. about THB, human rights, sexual and labour exploitation of TBH victims, protection of victims and THB regulatory Trafficking in Human Beings & Migration- mechanisms in judiciary and police. They also learned how related Crime to offer services to victims and potential victims of THB, as On 28 March, the Mission supported the participation of three well as to interested citizens. After this initial training, the Serbian representatives (the Director of the Centre for Human most successful participants will be offered an internship with Trafficking Victims’ Protection (CHTVP), a representative of ASTRA to work with individual mentors from the ASTRA the MoI, and the Director of the CSO ASTRA) to attend the SOS Hotline, which started operating in 2002. regional workshop “Towards OSCE-wide guidelines for the identification of victims of trafficking among migrants and From 26 to 27 November, the Mission and the MoI organized refugees at the reception phase: Western Balkan perspective” a regional meeting of prosecutors and police investigators in Skopje, North Macedonia. The event was organized by the from Hungary, North Macedonia and Serbia who deal OSR/CTHB. with organized crime groups involved in the smuggling of migrants. The purpose of this activity was to ensure faster On 30 March, the Mission facilitated a regional operational identification, arrest and processing of smugglers through meeting in Skopje of prosecutors and police investigators regional co-operation. The participants discussed the current in charge of investigating and prosecuting organized situation and trends in migrant smuggling, including actions crime groups dealing with the smuggling of migrants from against foreign citizens taking part in this illegal activity. They Serbia and North Macedonia. The meeting enabled the also discussed how smugglers use available money transfer participants to present their national legislation and efforts systems. to counter migrant smuggling in their respective countries, present the statistical data in relation to illegal migration, On 3 and 4 and on 10 and 11 November, the Mission exchange operational information in relation to the ongoing organized two rounds of training courses for six employees investigations on smuggling and trafficking of migrants, and of the CHTVP on enhancing their communication and identify cases for potential joint investigations. presentation skills. The role of these CHTVP employees is to further train the Centres for Social Care staff on THB-related From 15 to 17 May, the Mission organized a study visit to issues throughout Serbia. Austria for six representatives of the newly formed Department for Combating THB and Human Smuggling within the MoI’s From 3 to 5 December, the Mission organized three training Service for Combating Organized Crime. The study visit seminars on techniques for interviewing sexually abused took place at the Joint Operation Office for Combatting children. Fifteen participants who conduct interviews with THB and Human Smuggling of the Austrian Federal Police. child victims in their daily work, including employees of the The event enabled the participants to exchange experiences CHTVP, local Centers for Social Care and two CSOs, were and further explore opportunities for future co-operation taught about the latest developments in child psychology between the police services of Serbia and Austria in this field. and psychotherapy, along with the best methodologies for This visit to Austria was the final activity of the project on interviewing child victims of sexual abuse. This training strengthening regional co-operation to fight organized crime seminar was a continuation of the Mission’s long-standing groups involved in the smuggling of migrants, implemented support to local institutions to increase their capacities in since 2016. During the project, the Mission assisted the providing support and protect the rights of THB victims.

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Cybercrime From 6 to 7 December, the Mission supported the In 2018, to ensure complementarity of efforts, the Security organization of the Co-ordination Board Meeting within the Co-operation Department developed co-operation with other regional OSCE TNTD/SPMU project on “Capacity Building international organizations, such as UNODC and the South for Criminal Justice Practitioners Combating Cybercrime and Eastern and Eastern Europe Clearinghouse for the Control of Cyber-enabled Crime in South-Eastern Europe”. Following Small Arms and Light Weapons (UNDP/SEESAC). Aiming the first round of local training courses, which took place in to strengthen civil society’s role in the security sector reform November, this meeting was attended by all members of the (SSR), the Mission also continued its co-operation with Co-ordination Board and the national trainers from the SEE relevant CSOs (e.g., the Belgrade Centre for Security Policy field operations’ host authorities, representatives from the (BCSP), the Centre for Positive Youth Development, the State, education institutions and relevant experts. There were Centre for Reintegration and Activism Belgrade, the APEL, 28 participants. and Impuls). In line with the host country’s policy priorities, the Mission also continued to facilitate the co-operation Border Security and Management / of Serbia’s police with the MoI of the Russian Federation, Customs i.e., its Institute for Professional Development based in From 29 October to 2 November, the Mission, together with Domodedovo, Moscow, and the Voronezh Institute of High the MoI and the TNTD/BSMU, supported the organization Technologies, in the area of threats to information security in of a “Training course in the detection of forged documents operational systems and of countering online drug trafficking. and imposters”. A one-week training course for 15 border police officers took place at the Academy of Criminalistics In 2018, the Mission completed the OSCE regional project and Police Studies in Zemun. The course helped increase the “Capacity Building for Criminal Justice Practitioners officers’ knowledge about forged and fraudulent documents as Combating Cybercrime and Cyber-enabled Crime in South- well as the detection of impostors. The training offered them Eastern Europe”, implemented since 2017. an opportunity to acquire skills regarding the latest trends in counterfeiting, the methodologies of identifying forgeries, From January to April, the Mission supported six regional the manufacturing process of forged travel documents, and ToT courses for police investigators, to set up a mobile the use of various papers and polymers to ensure document team of trainers, which will train frontline police officers on security and profiling techniques. On this occasion, the OSCE’s cybercrime and cyber forensics. TNTD/BSMU donated 15 magnifying lenses as necessary equipment to be used for passport control. The training event On 6 and 7 November, the Mission, together with the was conducted by two document experts from the Serbian Service for Combatting Organized Crime of the Serbian MoI, who had been previously certified by Frontex. MoI, organized the first of four two-day training courses on the collection and documentation of information on the Other internet. Sixteen participants were given an opportunity to On 18 April, the Head of Mission attended a Local Co- learn more about conducting research and collecting and ordination Group Meeting formed under the Franco-German documenting information from open source databases on the Initiative on comprehensive control of SALW and combating internet and social media. Furthermore, the Mission donated illicit firearms trafficking in the Western Balkans. The meeting ICT equipment to be used in conducting three other training was part of the co-ordinated action to tackle SALW issues in seminars in Kragujevac, Niš and Novi Sad. The capacity- the countries of the region, with the aim of facilitating the building effort will result in a countrywide network of 60 Roadmap and National Action Plan Process on curbing illicit cyber-forensics investigators across the country by April 2019. firearms trafficking and comprehensive SALW control in the Western Balkans. At the meeting, Serbia’s Minister of Foreign From 12 to 16 November, the Mission, in partnership with Affairs and Minister of Interior presented their country’s the MoI of the Russian Federation, held a five-day intensive efforts and results in this field. training for officials of the Serbian MoI on threats to information security in operational systems. Eight From April to December, the Mission, together with its representatives of the MoI attended the training seminar implementing partner, the BCSP, implemented the project, at the Voronezh Institute of High Technologies. The “Support to civil society networks to monitor security sector training was tailored to the needs of the Serbian police reform”, through which the Mission supported the BCSP’s and was intended to increase their knowledge, practical efforts to co-ordinate 14 SCOs within the relevant civil skills and abilities to effectively carry out investigations and society network mechanism. The Mission supported the civil operational duties. society network’s efforts to contribute to and monitor on-

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going reforms in the security sector, including police reform, From 13 to 14 December, the Mission, together with migration, and the fight against corruption and organized the Republic Public Prosecutor, the MoI, and media and crime. This activity is part of the Mission’s overall efforts journalist associations, organized a training seminar on to strengthen partnership between the police, government the safety of journalists. This activity aimed at assisting in actors and civil society in addressing safety concerns. the implementation of the Agreement on Co-operation and Measures to Increase the Safety of Journalists6. The From 23 to 25 May, the Mission, together with the MoD, Mission’s three Departments, Media, Rule of Law and Human organized a study visit to the Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Rights, and Security Co-operation, joined efforts to support a public administration/science university in Pisa, Italy. The the training, which focused on the criminal protection of delegation consisted of six members, five representatives of journalists. Some 30 journalists had the opportunity to the MoD and one representative of the Ministry of European exchange views with representatives of the prosecution and Integration. The delegation discussed potential co-operation the police in this important area. between the university and the MoD in the field of training civilian personnel for crisis management missions and certification of training courses within the capacity-building programme, “Europe’s New Training Initiative for Civilian Crisis Management” (ENTRi).

On 26 November, the Mission, in partnership with the MoD, launched a two-week pilot pre-deployment course for future civilian seconders to international missions of the OSCE, the EU and the UN. The training course will ultimately become a regular component of the national system for secondment preparation. During the course, 22 participants learned about deployment procedures and international organizations deploying civilian missions. It will also allow participants to be better equipped for secondment to such missions and to learn about respective mandates and activities. 6 This Agreement was signed in December 2016 by the Ministry of Interior, the Republic Public Prosecutor, and seven journalists and media associations.

Mission to Serbia – Police-Related Activities in 2018

111 Total Information Training Analysis of Lessons 182 57 Exchange / Institution Learned, Assessments and Capacity-Building and Guidelines

14

ACTIVITIES ON:

General Police Development and Reform 71%

Threats posed by Criminal Activity 29%

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S outh - Eastern E urope

4.6 Mission to Skopje

Introduction The work of the Police Development Unit (PDU) of the OSCE Mission to Skopje (the Mission) is based on the Mission’s original mandate of 1992 on policing and on the OSCE MC and PC decisions stemming from the Ohrid Framework Agreement (OFA) in 2001. According to the provisions in Annex C of the OFA, the Mission was called upon to assist in a number of specific areas of policing, which were added to the initial mandate. These included the recruitment and training of more than 1,000 new police cadets from minority communities, as well as a phased and co-ordinated redeployment of the national police personnel to the former crisis areas.

Following the completion of the above task, the Mission’s PDU has been supporting law enforcement agencies, particularly the MoI, in developing a depoliticized, professional service in line with international democratic principles and human rights standards leading to comprehensive security by delivering and facilitating police training, supporting the development and implementation of the National Police Reform processes and providing expertise at the policy and planning level.

BUDGET (UB)*

2018 2017 TOTAL TOTAL 6,483,400 EUR 15% 6,442,600 EUR 16% 84% POLICE DEVELOPMENT UNIT POLICE DEVELOPMENT UNIT 1,049,900 EUR 1,102,200 EUR

STAFF* 2018 2017 TOTAL POLICE DEVELOPMENT UNIT TOTAL POLICE DEVELOPMENT UNIT 23 Total 23 Total 11 Local 15% 11 Local Total 15% 12 International 150.5 12 International Total 153.5

(UB)1

* Figures on budget and staff provided by the Mission to Skopje.

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In 2018, the activities of the PDU were divided into three main programmatic fields:

Further Professionalization-Police Reform:

• Strengthening management and development structures of the MoI and supporting implementation of organizational changes in the MoI Human Resources Management System;

• Supporting the MoI in establishing a sustainable police education system and a system of continuous professional development within the police service.

Democratic Policing:

• Assisting in sustaining reforms and building an effective police service at a decentralized level through co-located police advisers and support of the MoI in developing a Community Engagement and Communication Strategy, and supporting the re-vitalization of the LPCs;

• Strengthening the capacity and efficiency of the MoI in the performance of democratic policing standards in multi-ethnic and cultural societies, and observing developments in inter-ethnic violent incidents and facilitating preventive measures in co-operation with local partners;

• Fostering co-operation between the Police and Public Prosecution Office and a multi-agency approach in crime investigation; advancing police capacity in the identification, prevention and investigation of domestic violence and violence against women; and encouraging gender equality and gender mainstreaming for law enforcement agencies.

Overall Security and Transnational Threats:

• Strengthening the MoI’s institutional capacities to fight transnational threats, such as organized crime and terrorism, by providing expertise and tailored advanced training;

• Supporting border management and control with a focus on internal and regional security through facilitating cross-border dialogue and co-operation and the support of integrated border management;

• Strengthening national capacities on cyber/ICT security, data protection and in combating financial crimes, focusing on border management and emphasizing internal and regional security through facilitating cross-border dialogue and co-operation;

• Strengthening the operational capacity of law enforcement agencies on THB and illegal migration by focusing on the development of a strategy for handling large groups of migrants and on detecting and processing cases of THB.

Activities Related to General ordinators (18) from the Sectors for Internal Affairs (SIAs) and the Regional Centres for Border Affairs (RCBAs). For the Police Development and first time after many years, 23 MoI staff from different areas openly discussed issues regarding the decentralized in-service Reform training system within the MoI and the status of the RTCs (positions established with Mission support back in 2009). During group discussions, facilitated by the Mission, current Police Development and Reform within problems were identified, the need for change acknowledged Security Sector Reform and possible solutions on how to improve the current in- From 20 March to 9 October, the Mission organized and service training system brainstormed. At the last meeting, facilitated four one-day meetings for the MoI Regional the background, findings, conclusions and recommendations Training Co-ordinators (RTCs). Twenty-three MoI of the recently completed report produced by the Mission representatives took part in these joint meetings, including on a Training Needs Analysis (TNA) of Management and senior managers and all current and acting Training Co- Leadership Training was presented and discussions were held

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on the future involvement of the RTCs in the Management/ Montenegro, participated in the event. Experts from the Leadership Training for the MoI. The RTCs meetings TNTD/SPMU, as well as academics from the Faculty of contributed to a strengthening of the continuous professional Security, took part in the conference as key note speakers. development within the police service as one of the Mission’s The event served as a platform for sharing best practices strategic priorities. related to the implementation of different ILP models in SEE countries. On 25 and 26 April, the Mission, in co-operation with the MoI and Public Prosecutors Office, organized a two-day From 7 to 9 November, the Mission organized a working visit workshop for advancing co-operation between Police to Albania for representatives of the MoI to study the system and Public Prosecutors. Thirty representatives of police of vetting of public employees that has been implemented investigation units and public prosecutors from all over the in that country. The visit was held in co-operation with the country came together to discuss ways to strengthen their OSCE presence in Albania. The model introduced in Albania co-operation in order to provide quality services to citizens was examined and a number of presentations were delivered and enhance the criminal justice process. The particular aim in relation to its applicability in the MoI. The delegation met of this activity was to address the main gaps in co-operation the country’s Deputy Minister of the Interior and received a between the two institutions, including a lack of procedural comprehensive briefing from him in relation to the system. understanding, the failure of prosecutors to give proper The delegation also met representatives of the OSCE Presence direction to police, and difficulties in communications. in Albania and of the international community who had been involved in the process. The visit had been organized in order From 8 to 10 May, the Mission organized a national workshop to inform the MoI authorities of the introduction of such on SSG/R. The event was attended by representatives of the a system and to examine the relevant issues and problems Ministries of Internal Affairs, Defence and Justice, along associated with it. The MoI delegation included the State with SCOs, representatives of the Chamber of Private Secretary of the MoI and senior legal staff from the Ministry. Security, Parliamentarians, the Judiciary, Prison Police and the Prosecutor’s Office. The main emphasis of the workshop On 14 December, the Mission launched the working groups was on oversight and accountability mechanisms in the (WGs) on Human Resource Management, Disciplinary security sector. It was also attended by representatives of the Procedures, Police Training Strategy, Community DCAF, who delivered a number of presentations in relation Engagement, and Communication Strategy. The event was to accountability and oversight. Other speakers at the event attended by the MoI, Head of Mission, MoI State Secretary, included a representative of the Austrian MoD, as well as four Chairpersons of the WGs, members of the WGs and representatives of the OSCE Secretariat and of the BCSP. The Mission staff assisting the WGs. In total, 35 delegates role of the OSCE, and particularly the role of the Mission, attended the event. Its main purpose was to provide a were addressed during the workshop, as well as the host political-level boost for the four newly-formed joint WGs on government’s current security reform priorities, and how police reforms. The WGs are a key element of the Mission’s the concept of SSG/R can assist in this process. A number of strategy to support police reform and professionalization, as international case studies on police reform were presented well as improved relations with the public. to the workshop in an effort to generate a discussion around current police reform priorities in the MoI. From 17 to 19 December, the Mission held a training on Learning Management System (LMS) User Administration On 11 September, the Mission, together with an ICT company for seven MoI representatives involved in the e-learning contracted by the Mission, presented the demo version of a project. Participants learned how to administer the MoI LMS e-course on the “Role of Police during the Referendum”. The by implementing practical test scenarios within the system. target audience were representatives of the MoI’s Training The training course is part of the e-learning project aiming at Centre and the RTCs. The presentation prepared by the modernizing the Police Training System. ICT company will serve as a guideline to the MoI trainers who will promote the e-course, as well as an application and Human Resources / Police Management guidebook, during the cascaded training events for police Between May and September, the Mission conducted a TNA officers countrywide. on Management and Leadership training, by utilizing three separate methodologies to collect information: individual On 18 and 19 September, the Mission organized a two-day questionnaires, one-to-one interviews and focus groups. In conference on “Regional Experience on Implementation of total, 1,322 MoI members took part in the exercise, which the ILP model”. Forty participants from the host country’s resulted in a TNA report. The support and assistance of MoI, as well as from eight SIA and the MoIs of Serbia and the RTCs from the eight SIAs and four Regional Centres of

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Border Affairs was crucial to the success of collecting and activity is part of the Mission’s Mentoring Programme and analysing such a large amount of data. The TNA’s aim was to aims to help young women police employees to better orient establish whether there was a "gap" in the MoI’s management/ themselves in a male-dominated working environment, leadership training for first- and mid-level management recognize and overcome obstacles in their relationships with positions, to draw conclusions from the data gathered, and to colleagues, and identify opportunities that may lead to their produce recommendations and implementation guidelines professional self-development, while encouraging gender for the development of a future management/leadership equality at the work place. training in the MoI. On 22 May, the Mission organized a one-day kick-off workshop On 20 December, in response to one of the TNA report’s for 44 women mentors and mentees in the police. The event recommendations, a “Curriculum on First-Line Management” was part of the second phase of the “Mentoring Programme for training was produced by an external consultant, who was women in the police”, organized in co-operation with the Police commissioned by the Mission. The curriculum was handed Union. The Programme was launched in 2017 with a group of over to the MoI’s Training Centre. 24 mentors receiving basic mentoring and gender training. In April 2018, a group of 24 mentees were also trained. At the Human Rights and Police Accountability kick-off workshop, both groups met for the first time and were From 28 to 30 March, the Mission and the MoI delivered a presented to each other as mentor-mentee pairs. At the event, workshop for police officers on the treatment of crime victims they were instructed on how to conduct their work in pairs, as part of the Mission’s Democratic Policing portfolio. At the handling possible gender-related issues at work. Both the workshop, MoI officials presented a guidebook on providing mentor and mentee groups received toolkits and guidebooks, necessary care and support to victims. The guidebook, the mentoring agreement, a map of the mentoring process, which had been developed with Mission support, includes and tools to evaluate the mentoring process. comprehensive information on victim rights and police obligations towards them. Local and international experts On 24 August, the Mission supported the Women’s Section delivered presentations on the legal provisions regulating of the Police Union in organizing a regional workshop for the treatment of victims, communication with them and the women’s/gender sections of regional police unions. The providing them with support. The aim of this activity was activity aimed to support the Women’s Section of the Police to raise awareness among police professionals on how to Union with its efforts for gender equality in the police’s male- properly deal with crime victims and to better protect dominated working environment. At the workshop, the their rights. This activity will be further cascaded into the police delegations from Skopje, Sofia, Podgorica, Prishtine/ respective organizational units. Priština and Tirana presented their structures, relevant legislation, working programmes, activities and good Gender and Ethnic Mainstreaming practices. The Director of the Society and Safety Foundation On 19 and 20 April, 10 and 11 May and 5 and 6 June, the of Bulgaria gave a presentation on “Gender Equality’s policies Mission organized two-day workshops targeting the SIAs and the motivation of the Bulgarian Women to work in Kumanovo, Tetovo and Skopje. The events focused on the Ministry of Interior”, which encouraged a discussion policing in multi-ethnic and multicultural societies and on possible mutual activities of the sections. It is expected were attended by a total of 81 front-line police officers, who that the workshop will foster the co-operation among police exchanged information and their experiences related to unions on gender mainstreaming and support the efforts for multicultural policing. The aim of the event was to further gender balance in law enforcement. increase the participants’ awareness of cultural sensitivities in the realm of law enforcement and cultural diversity, From 8 to 10 October, the Mission organized an “Advanced fostering their ability to understand different cultures, as well workshop for the mentors from the mentoring programme as to explore various methods of bridging cultural barriers by for women in police”, which is part of the Mission’s building trust and a rapport. Mentoring Programme. The workshop was led by the Mission with support of the Women’s Section of the Police From 18 to 20 April, as part of its gender equality activities, Union. In total, 30 mentors and mentees participated in the the Mission supported the Women’s Section of the Police event. The workshop included training on setting objectives, Union in training 23 female police officers on basic gender asking questions, time management skills, non-verbal awareness, communication skills and the mentoring process. communication, and activities to support bonding between The workshop took place in Skopje. The participants had mentors and mentees. On the last day of the workshop, the been selected at the beginning of 2018 among female police mentees joined their more experienced colleagues and held officers with less than five years working experience. The one additional meeting of selected mentor-mentee pairs.

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The Mentoring Programme activities also covered success between 2002 and 2017. The report analysed in depth two very indicators, revealing good results that were presented at the important aspects of police work: trust and satisfaction. An evaluation and closing event. external expert presented the analysis of the results obtained through several scientific research projects conducted by the The evaluation and closing event of the Mentoring Program Mission, and compared the data of this longitudinal study so for Women in Police – Phase II was organized by the Mission as to understand the changes in public opinion regarding the and the Police Union on 22 November. For the coming year, work and performance of the police. The scope of the report the Mission plans to continue the programme, selecting a new was to narrow down the large data files and information from generation of mentors and mentees but also continuing to the research to provide the most useful and ready-to-use work with the recent mentors. This will include ToT activities insight on how the police should improve its work. and an awareness-raising campaign on gender issues. Gender-based and Domestic Violence Community Policing, Police-Public From 3 July to 10 October, the Mission organized six one- Relations and Crime Prevention day workshops on “Enhancing Police Gender Sensitivity in From 29 to 31 October, the Mission, together with SIA Violence against Women and Domestic Violence”, aiming Kumanovo and the MoI, organized a three-day workshop on to increase the professional capacities of police officers on “Pre-conditions for the establishment of a Crime Prevention international standards related to gender-based violence; the Experts Panel”. The workshop targeted participants from relevant provisions in the national legislation; and the role, all eight SIAs and from the MoI. Despite the active work protocol and procedures developed for the newly established in the last years, police prevention officers do not have Sexual Violence Referral Centres. In total, 136 police officers the conditions for a structured exchange of information. attended the workshops. Their main target audience was This lack of regular communication deprives them of a commanders of police stations, sector leaders, shift leaders, peer response and feedback on the challenges of routine inspectors of domestic violence, inspectors of prevention, prevention interventions. The workshop focused on chiefs of Criminal Investigation Departments (CID), and other developing recommendations for the WG on a community representatives of CIDs from the SIAs Tetovo, Kumanovo, engagement strategy for the MoI. The discussions were Stip and Skopje. The workshops were implemented in co- organized in three modules: exchange of information operation with the MoI and UNDP. The events covered among the SIAs and comments from the leading structure the existing laws on dealing with and preventing domestic in the MoI; best practices from international experience violence, Standard Operational Procedures, and practical in organizing prevention activities; and a discussion on examples and challenges during the implementation. the challenges, community policing, prevention actors and recommendations for crime prevention policies in general. Hate Crime On 4 December, the Mission participated in the opening From 5 December to 8 December, the Mission organized ceremony of a Hate Speech project in the SIA Tetovo area, workshops on the occasion of the “9th December – Police covering 12 High Schools in Tetovo and Gostivar and a Prevention Day” in Bitola, SIA Kumanovo, Stip, Strumica, total of 2,500 students. Police officers from Gostivar Police Ohrid, Tetovo and Veles. The events were attended by Station delivered lectures on hate speech phenomena and Mission representatives, mayors of the mentioned cities, encouraged students to participate in a painting competition presidents of the municipal councils, representatives of on the topic, “Understand and Respect”. The paintings the Public Prosecution Office, the Ombudsperson, NGOs, from this competition will be used for the 2019 community education sector, principals, and all the associates from the policing calendar. primary and secondary schools. The workshops focused in the main on the LPCs programme, recognized as a tool for Public Order and Crisis Management crime prevention and early identification instrument of local From 3 to 7 September, as a continuation of a related activity problems, in partnership with local communities. in 2017, the Mission implemented the second phase of the “Crisis Management” initiative, focusing on a planning On 7 December, the Mission, in co-operation with the MoI, exercise that targeted the chiefs of uniformed police, police organized a one-day roundtable meeting on prevention, crisis inspectors and representatives from the MoI. The event marking the tenth anniversary of police prevention activities was attended by other agencies, such as the Crisis Management in the country. In total, 40 delegates from the MoI and from Centre, the Protection and Rescue Directorate, the Radiation Local Self Government, including 11 mayors from the City Safety Directorate, the Skopje Fire Fighting Brigade and the of Skopje, attended the event. At the event, a new booklet on Ministry of Health. In total, 30 participants from all agencies LPCs was presented, as was an analysis of the key findings participated in the workshop. At the workshop, a table- of a report and data related to a policing survey conducted top exercise was organized to assess the planning process

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of emergency providers in different crisis situations. The exercise brought together representatives from the different emergency agencies and services and provided a platform for a better communication between these agencies. The workshop’s overall goal was to assist the MoI with increasing its professional capacity, focusing on explaining the critical incident concept to the police, including the establishment of a command and control structure, risk matrix, and the collection of data and information.

Activities Related to Threats Police officials visiting the Economics High School in Gostivar, which held a painting exhibition as part of the Posed by Criminal Activity “Stop Hate Speech” project. Gostivar, North Macedonia, 26 December 2018 (OSCE/Jacek Michalkowski)

Financial Investigations, Anti-Money Laundering and Seizures of Criminal Counter-Terrorism & P/C VERLT Proceeds On 13 and 14 February, the Mission, together with the British From 20 to 21 June, a two-day workshop on combating Embassy in Skopje, supported the National Co-ordinator corruption was held in the MoI Training Centre in Idrizovo. and the Committee for CVE and Counter-terrorism in The event was organized in co-operation with the MoI and conducting two roundtable discussions in Skopje and Tetovo the Italian Embassy in Skopje, with support from Italian law on the draft national strategies and action plans for CVE and enforcement experts. Over 30 participants representing top counter-terrorism. The discussions aimed to facilitate public and mid-level management of the main law enforcement consultation and input by engaging civil society, municipal institutions attended the event, including representatives officials, local community actors, parents, teachers, youth, of the Public Prosecutor’s Office. The workshop was very religious leaders and representatives from relevant ministries. interactive, with several case studies being presented The purpose of the discussions was to hear the voice of and discussed. Policy-making, legislation standards and communities, identify local challenges, create links and investigation techniques were discussed, as was the situation communication between stakeholders, foster co-operation regarding corruption in the country. among institutions and civil society, and identify capacity and awareness gaps. The suggestions and information were used On 28 and 29 November, the Mission organized a two-day to inform the drafting of the Government’s revised strategies workshop on the “Recovery and management of criminal and action plans, under the National Committee for CVE and assets”. The event was organized in co-operation with the Counter-terrorism. Financial Police Office and the Project Team, “IPA/2017 ‒ Countering Serious Crime in the Western Balkans”, and On 24 April, the PDU, together with the MoI, the National was held in the newly inaugurated training facility within Co-ordinator for CVE and Counter-Terrorism and his office, the Financial Police Office. The Mission contributed with a organized a roundtable discussion on P/C VERLT for trainers donation of equipment to the establishment of this training in Skopje. The purpose of the discussions was to exchange facility. The workshop involved three international experts experiences and lessons learned, and identify what issues on criminal asset recovery and management training the the trainers faced during the one day roll-out of the P/C personnel of law enforcement institutions in the country, VERLT training courses in the past years, but also to discuss dealing with the confiscation and management of criminal how to proceed with the training delivery, methodology and assets. In total, 55 participants from the police, Financial evaluation process of the upcoming P/C VERLT training. The Police Office, Customs and the Public Prosecution national P/C VERLT trainers will continue cascading the one- participated in the event. The goal of the workshop was for day training and provide prevention officers and inspectors host country law enforcement counterparts to learn how to from the Criminal Investigation Department with practical, identify, track and seize potential criminal assets in ongoing user-friendly tools to support their daily work in detecting criminal investigations, and how to manage them during an signs and indicators of violent radicalization at an early stage. investigation and a court trial process. The training on P/C VERLT is included in the Action Plan of the National Strategy on Countering Violent Extremism as a

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strategic goal for 2018-2019. young people working in the NGO sector, as well as Mission representatives. In total, 35 participants took part in the event, From 24 to 28 September, the Mission, in co-operation with discussed social cohesion opportunities for youth through the the Turkish National Police, organized a training course educational system, and looked at how religious leaders and on “Combating Terrorist Organizations Abusing Religion” family members can impact the process of social inclusion. for 20 counter-terrorism officers from the MoI, with the aim to enhance the capacities of law enforcement officers From 13 November to 18 December, the Mission, together in combating religiously motivated terrorist organizations. with the National Committee on Countering Violent The course was organized in the framework of the National Extremism and Counter Terrorism (NCCVECT) and the Counter-Terrorism Strategy, which identified advanced MoI, organized eight one-day working meetings on the and specialized training needs for law enforcement officers implementation of the National Strategy for CVE in the eight as a strategic priority. This activity also aimed at enabling SIAs. In total, 85 delegates took part in the event, including course participants to define religiously motivated terrorist mayors, their staff and police station commanders, to discuss organizations and effectively counter them in line with the opportunities and challenges of the implementation of international best practices. The course participants were the National Strategy in their respective municipalities. The trained specifically in the area of identifying terrorist municipalities were also encouraged to re-activate the LPCs, individuals and movements, defining terrorist ideologies as envisaged in the National Strategy for CVE. and radicalization processes, understanding recruitment and propaganda methods, and effectively countering terrorist From 26 to 30 November, the PDU organized a training organizations abusing religion. The training results will have programme for ten MoI staff in Ankara on the “Investigation a long-term impact on public safety. process in Counter-terrorism”, together with the Turkish National Police. Participants were trained on the phases of From 16 to 18 October, the Mission, together with the the investigation process, evidence collecting, interviewing MoI, organized the third international conference on methods and the tactical search of premises and individuals in “Management and Negotiations in Crisis Situations Caused counter-terrorism cases. This training activity was organized by VERLT”. In total, 60 participants, including police in line with the implementation of the National Strategy on officers and academics from Albania, Bulgaria, Croatia, CT and its Action Plan. Greece, Hungary, Romania and the host country, as well as representatives from the Kosovo institutions, discussed best Illicit Drugs and Chemical Precursors practices in P/C VERLT at the conference. The specific focus On 16 and 17 April, a workshop on the “Identification of of this year’s conference was the profiling and identification New Psychoactive Substances and Combating Clandestine of returning FTFs. The international character of the Laboratories” was organized. The event was held in conference largely contributed to the enhancement of the collaboration with the Italian Embassy in Skopje and regional security structures’ capacities for profiling and the MoI. Three experts from the Italian Financial Guard identifying returning FTFs, while at the same time providing (“Guardia di Finanza”) led the workshop. The event touched a platform for sharing experiences, lessons learned and on identification methods of NPS, precursors used for ideas with colleagues across the region, helping to develop its production, investigation techniques in combating close working relationships with each other. the trafficking and production of NPS, and the combat of clandestine laboratories and synthetic drugs. In total, 36 On 24 October, the Mission organized a one-day workshop participants attended the workshop, representing the MoI, in Lipkovo municipality to provide religious leaders with the Security and Counter-Intelligence Agency and the information about early-warning indicators of radicalization Customs Administration. and violent extremism. The workshop focused on providing the participants with a good understanding of the Mission’s Trafficking in Human Beings & Migration- work on P/C VERLT in the country. At the same time, it related Crime explored the role of religious leaders in providing support for From 13 March to 12 December, the Mission organized four a more inclusive and participatory environment for young roundtable discussions to develop an Overarching National people in society. The workshop included police officers Contingency Plan on Migration. The discussion brought and managerial staff from the SIA Kumanovo, Imams from together 35 representatives from different state institutions, villages in the Lipkovo municipality, religious leaders from national agencies, international organizations and NGOs, the central Mufti’s office in Kumanovo, representatives of including five State Secretaries from different Ministries. the National Committee for CVE, municipal representatives, members of the local community and of Local Councils, • On 16 May, at the second roundtable meeting, experts

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from the European Asylum Support Office (EASO) city of Trapani in Sicily, where the delegation was briefed presented the EASO Guidance on contingency planning about the entire migrant arrival process, starting with in the context of reception. An Italian expert presented the the disembarkation of the migrants until their transfer to Italian model in managing the migration crisis; Reception Centres for Asylum Seekers (Hubs), such as one the delegation visited in the city of Mineo. In Catania, the • On 18 and 19 October, at the third roundtable meeting, delegation visited the European Union Regional Task Force participants worked on and presented the first draft of a (EURTF), where representatives from Frontex, Europol, the National Contingency Plan on Migration; Italian Coast Guard, State Police, Financial Police, Italian Marine and the EASO work together on the investigation, • On 11 and 12 December, the Mission, together with the fingerprinting and identification, the fight against illegal EASO, organized a fourth roundtable meeting on the migration, and the detection of THB victims and of FTFs. development of an Overarching National Contingency Plan on Migration in cases of large migrant flows. The Border Security and Management / Mission provided a chronological presentation about Customs the development of the entire process, starting from From 12 to 13 June, the Mission hosted the South East Europe March 2018. Apart from the compilation of this draft Regional Workshop for Police and Customs Co-operation document, the relevant ministries and state bodies started Centres (PCCCs) in Strumica. Border Police officers, preparing information for the government, serving to co-ordinators working in the PCCCs and other relevant inform the government about the adoption process of stakeholders from seven countries in the region attended the the Contingency Plan, and request further guidelines event. Experts from the TNTD/BSMU, Frontex, the German for the formalization of the joint endeavours to have the Federal Police and the Slovenian police provided advice on Contingency Plan adopted. effective working practices, legal mechanisms and problem- solving in the exchange of real-time data, as well as the latest From 29 to 31 May, the Mission, in co-operation with the developments in the Europe-wide PCCC network. PCCCs MoI Training Centre, organized initial training on combating have been supported by the Mission and the OSCE Secretariat THB. This training course was part of comprehensive support as an effective mechanism to foster inter-agency, regional and of the Mission to the newly established National Unit for Europe-wide co-operation as part of the Integrated Border Combating Smuggling of Migrants and Human Trafficking Management concept, to enhance border security and Task Force. The aim of the training was to establish a training counter the threats of terrorism and transnational organized platform on THB from the law enforcement perspective. crime. Experts from the National Police of Spain and Nebrija University in Madrid highlighted best international practices From 16 to 27 July, under the OSCE ExB project, “Reduction in combating THB and presented the latest contemporary of the Risk for Proliferation of Weapons and Ammunition trends related to THB and illegal migration. Lecturers from in the Republic of North Macedonia”, the Mission, together the MoI Training Centre delivered a training session on the with the representatives of the MoI and experts from a design standard operating procedures and on awareness of THB. A company, conducted field visits to 16 Border Police armouries total of 21 trainees from the Task Force provided a significant developing project construction designs. The following contribution to the overall training, by actively participating locations were visited: the RCBA Kavadarci, the Border Police and interacting. Station (BPS) Blace, BPS Bogorodica, BPS Makedonska Kamenica, BPS Markova Noga, BPS Matejche, BPS Mazdraca, From 2 to 6 July, the Mission, in co-operation with the BPS Mihajlovo, BPS Pelince, BPS Rogachevo, BPS Sopot, BPS EASO, organized a working visit to Italy for ten selected Tanushevci, BPS Vitolishte and BPS Zirovnica. During these personnel from the Task Force for Combating THB, the field visits, security and ICT upgrade design was elaborated Sector for Asylum and Border Police, and the Ministry of upon by the participants, which later on served as a basis for Labour. The aim of the visit was to introduce the delegation the procedure to procure construction and ICT work. with the procedures and best practices applied by the Italian authorities and obtain information about the support the On 1 August, the Mission organized an event to debrief Italian authorities receive from the EU and international the participants involved in the implementation of the field organizations present on Italian territory. International visits. The participants discussed in depth the conditions partners, such as the EASO and UNHCR, were visited in and necessary security updates on the 16 sites (armouries) Rome, in addition to visits conducted with the Italian police that were visited. The experts involved in the field visits will and civil authorities responsible for managing the migration summarize the results in a report. flow and asylum procedures. The participants visited the

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On 6 August, as a follow-up to these activities, the Mission Cybercrime met MoI representatives to identify members of the WG for On 8 May, the Mission, in co-operation with the Agency for developing a SOP, as envisaged by the project. The MoI needs Electronic Communications (AEK) and the Cyber Incident to nominate nine WG members: one from ICT, one from Response Team (MKD-CIRT), organized the first TTX on logistics/construction, one from the legal department, two handling cyber/ICT security incidents on the national and from the Sector for Border Affairs and Migration, and four international level. In total, 50 delegates representing 32 from the Bureau for Public Security. institutions from the public and private sectors participated in the event. The event presented the co-ordinating role On 15 and 21 November, the Mission organized a third of MKD-CIRT in handling cyber/ICT security incidents and fourth workshop on the SOP development with the on the national and international level and promoted the involvement of MoI experts and a national consultant. The Information Security Risk Assessment Methodology. A TTX SOP aims at standardizing the handover, inventory and safe fictional scenario involved cyber-attack elements. Based on storage of the duty SALW at the MoI. the scenario, the participants were divided into four WGs and encouraged to exchange their opinions and ideas on the role From 12 to 15 November, the Mission organized a study of various institutions and their co-ordination when dealing visit to PCCC Kehl, Germany, for representatives of the with cyber-attacks. Customs Administration and the Border Police. The visit gave an opportunity to the host country’s delegation to On 9 and 10 October, the Mission, in co-operation with observe and address issues connected with the development the AEK and MKD-CERT, organized a regional conference and functioning of the PCCCs and consider the modalities on cyber/ICT security. Over 60 participants from different of implementing a similar system of multi-agency working in national and international institutions, NGOs and the private their country. At the visit, simple and complex ICT solutions sector dealing with cyber/ICT security issues attended the were examined, in addition to legal issues, workflows, the event. The purpose of the conference was to foster regional relationships with central authorities, and the necessity to co-operation among SEE partners in addressing cyber/ICT expedite the exchange of real-time data to combat cross- security challenges and to promote the OSCE Confidence border criminality. It was agreed that synergies and confidence Building Measures as a set of key principles to reduce the between agencies was essential for a fully functioning PCCC. risks of conflict stemming from the use of ICTs.

Mission to Skopje – Police-Related Activities in 2017

7 Analysis of Lessons 30 Learned, Assessments Total Training and Guidelines 87 Information 50 Exchange / Institution and Capacity-Building

ACTIVITIES ON:

General Police Development and Reform 46%

Threats posed by Criminal Activity 54%

104 4.6 Mission to Skopje

E astern E urope

4.7 Mission to Moldova

Introduction In 2018, the Mission continued its capacity-building activities aimed at enhancing the skills of law enforcement, in addition to that of judges, prosecutors and public lawyers, so as to gradually pass it over to the national stakeholders. Moreover, the Mission concentrated on training events for law enforcement authorities in southern districts of Moldova, including the Autonomous Territorial Unit of Gagauzia, and focused on enhancing skills of police to combat domestic violence at the local level.

BUDGET (UB)*: N/A**

2018 2017 TOTAL TOTAL 2,263,900 EUR 2,264,000 EUR 84%

STAFF* N/A 2018 2017 TOTAL TOTAL 52 Total 52 Total 39 Local 39 Local Total 13 International 52 13 International Total 52

(

* Figures on budget and staff provided by the Mission to Moldova. ** The PCU does not have a separate Department on Police-Related Activities. Police-Related Activities are implemented mostly by the Human Security Programme with contributions from other programmes.

105  4.7 Mission to Moldova

Hate Crime From 21 to 27 November, a training event for 18 police officers was organized by the Mission on the topic of bias-motivated crimes. The participants were offered plenty of practical examples and case studies on such topics as: the concept of bias-motivated crimes; causes and impact of such offences; various bias indicators; relevant national legislation; and the correct identification and collection of evidence in support of bias motivation.

Activities Related to Threats Posed by Criminal Activity

Moldovan prosecutors and judges at an OSCE-led workshop Trafficking in Human Beings & Migration- aimed at upgrading their skills of investigating cybercrime. related Crime Vadul-lui-Voda, 9 October 2018 (OSCE/Liubomir Turcanu) From 24 to 25 and 26 to 27 April, and from 9 to 10 and 11 to 12 October, the Mission, in partnership with the National Institute of Justice and partially with the United States Embassy in Moldova, organized four two-day training Activities Related to General cycles on investigative methods, tactics and the judgement of offenses committed against children by means of Police Development and informational technologies and the particularities of criminal prosecution and court trials pertaining to cybercrime. Reform Around 100 prosecutors and judges were conveyed comprehensive knowledge and skills on how to work with victims and witnesses while investigating ICT-facilitated Gender-based and Domestic Violence human trafficking crimes. From July to August, the Mission organized eight one-day training seminars on combating domestic violence and From 13 to 15 November, a three-day workshop was working with aggressors for 240 law enforcement officers organized jointly by the Mission, the Prosecutor General’s in southern Moldova, including ATU Gagauzia. The Office and the General Police Inspectorate, with the support beneficiaries increased their capacity on how to efficiently of Eurojust. This hands-on course focused on best practices of identify, investigate and prosecute domestic violence cases, setting up and managing Joint Investigation Teams (JITs) and in line with amendments to the legislation pertaining to the was delivered by Eurojust and Group of Experts on Action issuance by police officers of emergency restriction orders. against Trafficking in Human Beings (GRETA) experts, who specialize in providing financial, legal and practical support Following up on events held in previous years, the Mission to the operational activities of JITs. The event provided 15 also organized three training sessions (in the centre, north representatives of law enforcement agencies (the Centre for and south of the country) for a pool of national trainers/ Combating Trafficking in Persons and the Prosecutor General’s police officers (25 police officers) as the last phase of ToTs on Office) practical skills and comprehensive knowledge on how the efficient investigation of domestic violence cases. The last to better interact with international counterparts and carry phase of Mission efforts in 2018 concentrated on the southern out joint THB investigations. districts, with the aim that this activity would be gradually transferred to the General Police Inspectorate.

106  POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES OF FIELD OPERATIONS EASTERN EUROPE

Mission to Moldova – Police-Related Activities in 2017

1 Training Total Information 14 Exchange / Institution 13 and Capacity-Building

ACTIVITIES ON:

General Police Development and Reform 86%

Threats posed by Criminal Activity 14%

107  E astern E urope

4.8 Project Co-ordinator in Ukraine

Introduction In 2018, the OSCE Project Co-ordinator in Ukraine (PCU) continued its long-term support in the areas of border security, combating organized crime, including CTHB, cybercrime and gender-based violence. To promote police services that are trusted by the citizens and able to effectively address domestic violence incidents, the OSCE PCU supported police efforts to combat gender-based and domestic violence, including by training emergency call centre operators and improving education and training programmes for officers. The PCU also continued to support capacity-building of law enforcers on dialogue as a tool for community conflict prevention and management.

BUDGET (UB)*: N/A**

2018 2017 TOTAL TOTAL 3,598,800 EUR 3,598,800 EUR 84%

STAFF* N/A 2018 2017 TOTAL TOTAL 50 Total 50 Total 47 Local 47 Local Total 3 International 50 3 International Total 50

(

* Figures on budget and staff provided by the Project Co-ordinator in Ukraine. ** The PCU doesn’t have a separate Department on Police-Related Activities. Police-related activities are implemented mostly by the Human Security Programme with contributions from other programmes.

108  POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES OF FIELD OPERATIONS EASTERN EUROPE

Activities Related to General Police Development and Reform

Police Development and Reform within Security Sector Reform In September, the PCU supported the third annual Criminal Justice Forum in Lviv, Ukraine, which gathered more than 100 legal professionals to explore issues of reforming criminal justice. A special panel discussion was devoted to gender issues in criminal justice.

Human Rights and Police Accountability Speakers at the Gender Forum held in Kyiv in October 2019 In June, the PCU, with the support of ODIHR and in co- tell the audience their success stories. (OSCE/Project Co- operation with the Polish authorities, organized a cross- ordinator in Ukraine) border training event on “Cooperation of law-enforcement agencies with mass media, civil society and international institutions”. The goal of the event was to raise awareness of and Zhytomy. For the newly established Patrol Police the security service press officers on human rights standards Academy, the PCU helped develop a training course on and relevant best practices in public communication. combating domestic violence and provided equipment for an interactive training room that will be used for contextualized Gender-based and Domestic Violence scenario-based training exercises to improve the response of In view of Ukraine’s law “On Prevention and Combating future patrol police officers to domestic violence incidents. Domestic Violence”, the PCU supported three working group meetings on the development of subordinate legislation to From 3 to 5 September, the PCU organized a three-day ToT on improve the response to domestic violence. Based on best gender aspects of conflict for 24 Interior Ministry professors. international practices, the working group experts drafted an The training was based on the manual Women.Peace.Security Emergency Barring Order and Risk Assessment Forms to be developed in 2017 and aimed at raising awareness and issued by police officers in case of high risk for survivors of promoting the Manual’s use at Interior Ministry educational domestic violence. institutions.

In 2018, 150 police officers in eight regions of Ukraine were In October, the PCU supported the MoI in implementing its selected and trained by the PCU to form the core of mobile equality policies by training its 37 gender focal points and groups called “POLINA”, established by the National Police organizing a forum for women in law enforcement agencies. of Ukraine to respond to domestic violence incidents. The At the forum, 250 participants brainstormed on ways how to training courses, delivered using specially equipped interactive advance women’s involvement in law enforcement. rooms in the Universities of Internal Affairs in Lviv and Dnipro, used simulation exercises to provide law enforcement Public Order and Crisis Management officials with the theoretical knowledge and practical skills From 12 to 15 July, 24 police officers of the Donetsk oblast to effectively address domestic violence incidents, including passed a four-day training course on dialogue as a tool for identification of survivors, tactics, psychological aspects of community conflict prevention and management. The course, survivors and perpetrators, effective communication and first organized with the PCU’s support in Mariupol, was based on aid treatment. a methodology developed initially for community problem- solving dialogues and adapted to police needs. Participants To ensure a consistent approach in dealing with domestic were able to obtain knowledge needed to understand the violence incidents, the PCU supported capacity-building of dynamics and drivers of group conflicts. Practical exercises emergency call centre personnel. This included developing provided officers with a toolkit for the planning and preparing a training course and materials, as well as conducting eleven of efforts to involve community members in a dialogue to training courses for almost 300 operators and dispatchers of build productive and non-confrontational relations, as well emergency call centres in Lutsk, Lviv, Uzhgorod, Vinnytsia as with relevant communication skills. These learning results

109  4.8 Project Co-ordinator in Ukraine

are instrumental for police to establish and support lasting Cybercrime co-operative relationships with communities, especially in In March and June, the PCU supported the participation of conflict-affected environments. Ukraine’s Security Service and Cyber-police representatives in meetings in Vienna of the informal working group established by the PC.DEC/1039.

In June, the PCU supported organizing a policy-making session Activities Related to Threats at the Cyber Defence Congress 2018, at which representatives of the authorities and the private sector discussed options for Posed by Criminal Activities a partnership to develop a legal framework for Cyber/ICT security-related co-operation and to address cyber threats.

Trafficking in Human Beings & Migration- From 19 to 21 September and 22 to 24 October, the PCU related Crime facilitated two three-day advanced training courses in Kyiv On 27 February, representatives of the MoI, the international for 40 Cyber-police officers and agents. The courses built community and Ukrainian civil society presented their 2017 on the efforts of earlier re-training programmes and were achievements and discussed plans for 2018 regarding CTHB delivered by national and international experts. They focused at a conference in Kyiv, which was supported by the PCU. on a comprehensive explanation of the most common attacks undertaken remotely in recent history, vulnerabilities in In April, using a training programme developed in 2017 on computer systems or applications, and attack vectors used prosecuting ICT-facilitated crime, the PCU organized two against contemporary computer systems. training courses for 48 prosecutors from all oblasts of Ukraine. The PCU also conducted three regional roundtable meetings The PCU also developed jointly with NPU’s Cyber-police for a total of 90 law enforcement officials in Kyiv, Odesa and Department leaflets on information protection on the internet Vinnytsya on combating ICT-facilitated trafficking. for distribution to government officials, local administrations and education establishments. On 30 July and 18 October, to raise public awareness on the risks of human trafficking, the PCU, the Ministry of Social Border Security and Management / Policy, MoI, National Police of Ukraine, other international Customs organizations and local NGOs joined forces to conduct In November, the PCU organized a training seminar in Odesa awareness-raising campaigns in all regions of Ukraine on terrorism and cross-border crime risk profiling, which was devoted to the World Day against Trafficking in Persons and delivered by Lithuanian officials to 25 representatives of the the EU Anti-Trafficking Day. The campaigns took place in 300 State Border Guard Service and Security Service of Ukraine. locations throughout the country and reached in total around Furthermore, a working group of Ukrainian border guards 40,000 people. and international experts elaborated technical requirements for an automated risk profiling system to be developed and In November, the OSCE PCU organized a study visit to integrated by the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine. Oslo, Norway for ten officials from the Department on Combating Trafficking in Human Beings and the Cyber- PCU experts, together with the border guards and fiscal police Department of the National Police of Ukraine, General services of Ukraine, developed a “Joint Training Action Prosecutor’s Office, as well as judges from the Supreme Court. Plan and Programme Framework”, which was approved by The agenda of the visit covered issues such as identifying, both agencies and incorporated into their 2019 annual staff gathering and securing evidence in ICT-facilitated crimes, training programmes. The plan defines training activities on as well as tools of international co-operation during the the identification of hazardous chemicals and specifies land, investigation of transnational human trafficking networks. air and sea border crossing points for joint exercises.

On 13 and 14 November, in Kyiv, the OSCE PCU, jointly with the OSR/CTHB, conducted a training event for 25 CHTB police officers. An additional 45 ICT pieces of equipment were donated to the CTHB Department of the National Police of Ukraine (NPU), including desktop computers, LCD monitors, Uninterruptible Power Supply providers (UPS) routers.

110  POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES OF FIELD OPERATIONS EASTERN EUROPE

Project Co-ordinator in Ukraine – Police-Related Activities in 2018

7

Total Information Analysis of Lessons Training 46 19 Exchange / Institution Learned, Assessments and Capacity-Building and Guidelines 20

ACTIVITIES ON:

General Police Development and Reform 63%

Threats posed by Criminal Activity 37%

111  Central Asia

4.9 Centre in Ashgabat

Introduction The OSCE Centre in Ashgabat (the Centre) was established in 1999. In accordance with the MoU between the Centre and the host country, the Centre assists the host country in implementing the OSCE principles and commitments and in promoting the host country’s co-operation with the OSCE in all spheres. As part of its police-related activities, the Centre focuses on building the capacity of law enforcement services to counter illicit drugs trafficking, on countering terrorism, cyber/ICT security and on enhancing border security and management. These activities are complemented by projects on CTHB, prevention of domestic violence and assistance to penitentiary and criminal justice system improvement.

In 2018, the Centre also enhanced its ongoing co-operation with the

BUDGET (UB)*

2018 2017 TOTAL TOTAL 1,655,400 EUR 1,655,400 EUR 16% 84% 16% CONFLICT PREVENTION CONFLICT PREVENTION AND CONFIDENCE- AND AND CONFIDENCE- AND SECURITY-BUILDING SECURITY-BUILDING 261,300 EUR 260,900 EUR

STAFF* 2018 2017 TOTAL CONFLICT PREVENTION TOTAL CONFLICT PREVENTION AND CONFIDENCE- AND AND CONFIDENCE- AND SECURITY-BUILDING SECURITY-BUILDING 7 Total Total 14% 4 Total 6 Local 29 2 Local Total 1 International 2 International 23% 30

* Figures on budget and staff provided by the Centre in Ashgabat.

112  POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES OF FIELD OPERATIONS EASTERN EUROPE

State Border Service of Turkmenistan. The Centre organized several patrolling and alpine courses, one maritime training course, two medical training exercises and one canine training course to operate in winter, mountainous and desert environment, as well as border-crossing facilitation training exercises, four joint Turkmen-Afghan training courses, two regional workshops, a joint e-learning course and a study visit to Belarus. Furthermore, the Centre organized training for teachers from the Border Guard Academy of Turkmenistan and gender mainstreaming-related events for law enforcement officers. It also hosted a final roundtable meeting to discuss the outcomes of projects implemented in 2018 and activities planned for 2019.

the State Service to Combat Economic Crimes, the State Activities Related to General Migration Service and other law enforcement bodies of Turkmenistan. The two-day seminar was delivered by an Police Development and international expert from Lithuania and OSCE experts from the OCEEA, the Secretariat’s Gender Section and the Reform Mission to Serbia. Topics included international standards and initiatives in combating and preventing corruption, codes of conduct for law enforcement structures and measures to Human Rights and Police Accountability identify fraud and corruption in law enforcement, and conflict On 25 and 26 March, the Centre organized the last of a of interests in government structures. The seminar also series of three seminars on judicial independence for judges, highlighted Serbia’s experiences in applying both preventive prosecutors, lawyers and representatives of law enforcement and repressive measures to fight corruption and covered agencies of Turkmenistan in Ashgabat, supported by the gender mainstreaming in law enforcement. Embassy of the United Kingdom. The seminar gathered 27 legal professionals from the capital and the Ahal region. It On 26 and 27 March, the Centre facilitated the participation addressed international human rights standards, including of a prosecutor at the “Workshop for Judges and Prosecutors: the independence of the judiciary and the right to a fair trial Experiences, Challenges and Best Practices”, held at the CoE in the criminal justice context. The participants actively took in Strasbourg, France. The event was co-organized by the part in practical exercises of interpreting and applying these OSCE, FATF and MONEYVAL. standards in case studies. On 24 and 25 April, the Centre organized a workshop on On 23 May, the Centre, in co-operation with the Office of the indicators of money laundering, terrorism financing and OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities, organized corruption, and best practices for interagency co-operation. a roundtable discussion on the OSCE standards on minority The two-day event brought together some 35 officials rights protection, integration of diverse societies and representing state financial institutions and law enforcement effective participation in public life, as well as mechanisms bodies, real estate and audit companies. International experts of consultation, with representatives of national minorities in from Latvia and Poland presented international standards the OSCE region. Representatives of Parliament (the Mejlis), on compliance control and focused on the development Ministries of Education, Labour and Social Affairs, Internal of internal documents in line with applicable legislation, Affairs, Foreign Affairs and Justice, Supreme Court, State risk management and the introduction of internal control Migration Service, National Institute for Democracy and methods through a double control system and specialized Human Rights under the President, Ombudsperson’s Office, software. The seminar laid special emphasis on modern as well as the Women and Youth Unions took part in the indicators of suspicious transactions and deals related to event. money laundering and terrorism financing. As part of the practical exercises, the participants discussed cases related to Anti-Corruption the detection of suspicious transactions and deals. On 12 and 13 July, the Centre hosted a National Seminar on Professional Integrity and Ethical Standards in Law On 4 July, the Centre facilitated the participation of a senior Enforcement for 25 officials from the national security, official from the State Migration Service of Turkmenistan interior, justice and defence ministries, the Supreme Court, to the official launch of the Russian version of the OSCE

113  4.9 Centre in Ashgabat

Gender-based and Domestic Violence From 28 February to 2 March, the Centre facilitated in Ashgabat the first working visit of the OSCE`s Senior Gender Adviser (SAG) to Central Asia. The visit aimed at discussing with national and international partners in Turkmenistan the OSCE’s support to the ongoing efforts to promote gender equality in the host country. The SAG participated in a roundtable discussion on national mechanisms of gender equality, organized by the Centre. The roundtable discussion had the goal to discuss the ongoing implementation of the 2015 National Action Plan on Gender Equality in Turkmenistan. The participants represented the Mejlis, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs, MoI, MFA, Ministry of Justice, the Supreme court, the State Migration Service, the National Institute for Democracy Head of the OSCE Centre in Ashgabat Natalya Drozd (red and Human Rights under the President, Ombudsperson for scarf), OSCE Senior Adviser on Gender Issues Amarsanaa Human Rights, the Women’s Union, the Youth Union and Darisuren (white jacket), and OSCE Adviser on Gender Issues the Hyakimlik (mayor’s office) of the city of Ashgabat (two Leena Avonius (red jacket) with partners from Turkmenistan participants from each institution). In addition, the SAG at the roundtable meeting on national gender equality provided training on gender mainstreaming for the Centre’s mechanisms. Ashgabat, 2 March 2018 (OSCE/Svetlana staff. Ostroushenko) On 19 and 20 April, the Centre facilitated participation of Compendium of Good Practices in Identity Management in two representatives from Turkmenistan’s Ministry of Justice the OSCE Region, hosted by ODIHR in co-operation with the at the Third OSCE National Action Plan Academy on the TNTD in Warsaw, Poland. Implementation of UNSCR 1325 on Women, Peace and Security at the Vienna Diplomatic Academy. On 17 and 18 September, representatives from Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan participated in an From 21 to 23 August, 31 August to 2 September and 6 to 8 OSCE-supported two-day regional seminar on “Combatting December, the Centre’s implementing partner, the NGO Keyik financing of terrorism: best practices within the OSCE Okara, conducted three seminars for ten high-school students region”, held in Ashgabat. The regional workshop aimed to to raise awareness of domestic violence, its prevention and share international standards and best practices in the area of the mitigation of its causes, as well as of referral mechanisms combating CFT and the role of international co-operation in available to potential victims. the detection of transboundary financial flows. The seminar elaborated on the assessment of risks related to the financing of From 8 to 12 October, the Centre organized a four-day terrorism and other methods of detection and suppression of training course on international human rights standards terrorist financing channels. It also presented the distribution at the pre-trial and trial stages of criminal proceedings and schemes to finance terrorism and FTFs and best practices investigations, and a one-day course on “Mechanisms of in the detection of transboundary financial flows. The Preventing and Addressing Domestic Violence in the OSCE seminar addressed analytical methods to detect suspicious Region (legislative framework and practice in the OSCE transactions and funding sources in the area of financing of participating States)” for 40 students and instructors of the FTFs. The practical exercises involved participants working in Institute under Turkmenistan’s MoI, as well as the Institute groups to review cases related to the investigation of terrorist of International Relations under Turkmenistan’s MFA. The financing cases by financial and criminal intelligence units. course examined the concept and system of an international and domestic legal framework, including treaties, reporting documents under the UN Charter and Treaty Bodies (CEDAW Committee), as well as the national legislation, including the Constitution and Commentary to the Code of Criminal Procedure of Turkmenistan.

114  POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES OF FIELD OPERATIONS central ASIA

Activities Related to Threats On 19 and 20 April, the Centre supported the participation of two government officials from the Administration of the Posed by Criminal Activity President of Turkmenistan and Ministry of National Security in the Inter-Regional Conference on P/C VERLT, which was organized in Seoul by the MFA of the Republic of Korea in Counter-Terrorism & P/C VERLT close co-operation with the TNTD. On 3 and 4 April, the Centre, in co-operation with the TNTD, organized a two-day seminar on “Countering Violent On 10 and 11 May, the Centre supported the participation of Extremism and Radicalization that Lead to Terrorism two government officials from Turkmenistan’s Presidential (VERLT): a Comprehensive Approach”. The seminar, the first Administration and State Border Service, and facilitated the of its kind in Turkmenistan, served as a platform for a policy attendance of one civil society representative, at the OSCE- discussion on P/C VERLT in Turkmenistan. It also aimed to wide Counter-terrorism Conference, “The Reverse Flow of promote a better understanding of the current global and Terrorist Fighters (FTFs): Challenges for the OSCE Area and regional trends in VERLT. A particular emphasis was put on Beyond”, held in Rome, Italy. regional challenges related to terrorist radicalization. More than 40 participants, including representatives of Turkmen From 14 to 18 May, the Centre facilitated the participation of government agencies, the parliament, academic institutions, two government officials from the General Prosecutor’s Office civil society, youth, the Office of the Ombudsperson and of and State Border Service of Turkmenistan in the “Regional international organizations, attended the seminar. Eleven Workshop on Combatting Illicit Cross-Border Trafficking in international experts from Finland, the United Kingdom, Cultural Property for Central Asian participating States”, held Kyrgyzstan, the Netherlands, Norway, Tajikistan and the in Tashkent and Samarkand, Uzbekistan. United States shared their expertise with the participants. They discussed inclusive and viable approaches, ranging from On 11 and 12 June, the Centre facilitated the participation of community policing and the development of national action a representative from the Magtymguly Youth Organization of plans to including gender perspectives and involving women Turkmenistan in an international conference held under OSCE and youth in P/C VERLT. A total of 41 people participated in auspices on “The Role of Youth in Preventing and Countering the event. Violent Extremism and Radicalization that Lead to Terrorism”, organized in Tashkent and Samarkand, Uzbekistan. On 5 and 6 April, a two-day seminar was organized on countering the use of the internet for terrorist purposes in On 28 and 29 June, the Centre supported and facilitated the co-operation with TNTD/ATU. Twelve international experts participation of five representatives from law enforcement from Germany, the United Kingdom, Kazakhstan, Poland, institutions of Turkmenistan in the “Regional Seminar on Portugal, the Russian Federation, Tajikistan, the United States, Countering the Use of the Internet for Terrorist Purposes”, ODIHR, the Anti-Terrorism Centre of the CIS and UNODC aimed at judges, investigators, law enforcement officers and exchanged experiences on the current trends of modern lawmakers from Central Asian participating States. The communications technologies used for terrorist objectives. event was organized in Almaty, Kazakhstan by TNTD/ATU They shared good practices in promoting a comprehensive together with the OSCE Programme Office in Nur-Sultan. approach to preventing the use of the internet as a facilitator of terrorist and violent extremist activities and the role of the From 14 to 16 August, the TNTD/BSMU MTT delivered media in these processes. Some 30 participants, including an interactive course on identifying FTFs for border representatives of the Parliament of Turkmenistan and and migration services officers from Turkmenistan. The the national institutions, addressed issues related to the deployment of the Training Team, the eighth of its kind, international legal and human rights framework on countering was organized by the TNTD/BSMU with support of the the use of the internet for terrorist purposes. Topics included OSCE Centre in Ashgabat and in close co-operation strategies for regulating the internet and combatting violent with the host country. Eighteen officers from border extremist content online; developing special investigative and migration services of Turkmenistan, including one skills in computer forensics; and utilizing advanced methods female officer, were trained on regional and national legal to collect, document and retrieve relevant digital evidence frameworks, the effective use of INTERPOL databases, risk stored on computers or mobile devices while upholding analysis and management in the identification of potential human rights and the rule of law. FTFs at borders in compliance with international human rights standards. The importance of risk analysis models applied to identify potential FTFs at the borders, as well

115  4.9 Centre in Ashgabat

as trends and current cases, were discussed at the course. From 31 October to 2 November, the Centre organized a Participants also engaged in practical exercises on the three-day training seminar on fighting illegal drugs and detection of forged documents and impostors, and took precursors for 20 officials of the MoI, State Customs Service, part in interactive exercises to deepen their understanding State Border Service and General Prosecutor’s office. The of behavioural indicators of FTFs. In addition, ten magnifiers seminar aimed to discuss the importance of information for the examination of travel documents were donated to the exchange and co-ordination among the countries of Central country. Asia and the assistance of international organizations to law enforcement agencies in conducting successful counter- On 16 and 17 August, the OSCE Centre in Ashgabat and the drug operations and the sharing of information. Models of IOM Office in Turkmenistan organized a two-day workshop intergovernmental co-operation in combating illicit drugs on how to set up an API system in Turkmenistan aimed to and chemical precursors, international organized crime and prevent the movement of FTFs and to enhance aviation drug trafficking, and challenges of prosecution of illegal drug security. API data has been increasingly used in recent cases were also discussed. The UNODC representative in years by law enforcement agencies and the establishment Turkmenistan presented the current situation on countering of national API systems is now mandatory. Fifteen trafficking drugs and precursors in Central Asia, with an representatives from all agencies involved in passenger emphasis on Afghanistan. In addition, the training contributed processing in the country took part in the event, including to building operational capacities of drug enforcement from the State Migration Service, the State Customs Service, officials in special undercover operations and physical and the State Border Service, the Ministry for National Security, vehicle surveillance. the MoI and the GPO. The main purpose of the workshop was to provide national participants with practical insights Trafficking in Human Beings & Migration- about the features and functions of an API system and the related Crime administrative, technological and operational procedures On 26 March, the Centre took part in a co-ordination meeting related to implementing and operating a passenger data of the Technical Working Group, which is composed of programme. national and international actors active in countering human trafficking. The meeting was hosted by UNODC’s Programme Illicit Drugs and Chemical Precursors Office in Turkmenistan. The UNODC Office provided an From 12 to 15 June, a delegation of four law enforcement overview of the Trafficking in Persons Training Manual officials, representing the MoI, State Customs Service and for practitioners in Turkmenistan (based on UNODC’s State Border Service of Turkmenistan, participated in a joint anti-human trafficking training manual) and presented the Turkmen-Uzbek study visit to Rome on counter-narcotic results of a legislative analysis of the compliance of national issues. The visiting programme included in-class presentations legislation with the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish on the work and structure of the Central Directorate for Trafficking in Persons, supplementing the UN Trafficking in Anti-Drug Services (DSCA) of the MoI of Italy and of Persons Protocol. Meeting participants discussed progress police services in charge of drug enforcement, investigation made in the implementation of the country’s national action co-ordination activities, special operations and the use of plan for trafficking in persons and the preparations for a technical equipment, intelligence collection and analyses, as public awareness-raising campaign devoted to the World Day well as new chemical precursors. In addition, the programme against Trafficking in Persons on 30 July. included visits to the Leonardo da Vinci International Airport of Rome, Operational Aeronautical Command of the Finance On 23 and 24 April, the Centre facilitated the participation Police, Expert Forensic Service of the State Police, and Special of representatives of the General Prosecutor’s Office of Operations Group of the General Command of Carabinieri to Turkmenistan and of the local public organization that become acquainted with the work of Italian police services in provides assistance to victims of human trafficking in the 18th daily practice. At the Scientific Police Service of the State Police, Alliance against Trafficking in Persons Conference, “Everyone the participants observed the dismantling of clandestine drug has a Role: How to make a Difference Together”, held in production laboratories and learned about the profiling of Vienna. This annual conference is a broad international natural and synthetic drugs and the identification of persons, forum that includes international, non-governmental and in particular via voice analysis techniques, video recordings, inter-governmental organizations from all participating dactyloscopy and judicial identification techniques. The visit States aimed at joining forces to prevent and combat human was closely co-organized by the OSCE Project Co-ordinator trafficking. in Uzbekistan and the DSCA, with support from the Embassy of Italy in Tashkent.

116  POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES OF FIELD OPERATIONS central ASIA

On 25 and 26 April, the Centre participated in the meeting of mitigate terrorist attacks emanating from cyberspace on their anti-trafficking focal points and the preparatory co-ordination critical energy infrastructure. The training was based on the meeting for the Russian-language simulation exercise. OSCE Good Practices Guide on Non-Nuclear Critical Energy Infrastructure Protection from Terrorist Attacks Focusing on From 24 to 28 September, the Centre took part in a simulation- Threats Emanating from Cyberspace. based training exercise on how to identify and rescue human trafficking victims held in Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan, and also Border Security and Management / facilitated the participation at this event of four representatives Customs of civil society, the Bar Association of Ashgabat city, and the From 14 to 18 May, the Centre facilitated the participation State Migration Service of Turkmenistan. The event was of two government officials from the GPO and State Border organized in the framework of a project of the ORS/CTHB Service of Turkmenistan in the “Regional Workshop on on “Combating Human Trafficking along Migration Routes”. Combatting Illicit Cross-Border Trafficking in Cultural Participants included 54 Russian-speaking practitioners from Property for Central Asian participating States”, organized in 14 countries, who exchanged their experiences in addressing Tashkent and Samarkand, Uzbekistan. CTHB, focusing on how to enhance the regional co-operation and facilitation of better assistance for trafficking victims On 1 and 2 November, the Centre facilitated the participation through a new, multi-national and cross-sectoral approach. of representatives of the State Border and Migration Service of Turkmenistan in the Second OSCE-wide “Seminar on On 28 and 29 November, the Centre facilitated the participation Passenger Data Exchange” and the Sixth Thematic Meeting of of a representative from the GPO in the “Workshop on the the OSCE Border Security and Management National Focal CTHB in Supply Chains through Government Practices Points Network convened in Vienna. The objective of the and Measures”, organized and funded by the OSR/CTHB in meeting was to provide the States that are not using passenger Vienna and held in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. data and/or biometric technology with an opportunity to obtain information on the benefits of these systems and Cybercrime learn how to establish them in compliance with international On 27 and 28 September, the Centre supported the standards while respecting data privacy. participation of a representative of the Ministry of National Security in the International Cyber/ICT Security Conference, From 17 to 21 December, the Centre organized a five- organized by the Italian OSCE Chairmanship in Rome, in day practical training course on port control and security close co-operation with the TNTD. management procedures for 28 law enforcement and port officials at Turkmenbashi International Seaport on the On 9 and 10 October, the Centre facilitated the participation Caspian Sea coast. Two international experts from the United of the Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of Turkmenistan in States and the United Kingdom presented the concepts of an international conference on “Preventing and Countering maritime security and border and borderlands, layers of risk, Terrorism in the Digital Age” in Minsk, Belarus. The and key examples of transnational threats at marine borders, Conference was organized by the Government of Belarus such as drug trafficking, piracy and maritime terrorism. At the together with the TNTD/ATU. course, the participants discussed port security assessment and planning, emergency preparedness and security control On 17 and 18 October, the Centre organized, in close co- administration. The training programme included a visit to operation with the TNTD/ATU, a two-day risk-assessment the port facilities to observe passenger control procedures and and crisis management exercise in Ashgabat. The event, registration of vessels. which brought together 29 national experts from the energy sector and law enforcement institutions, focused on how to In the framework of the ExB project on “Strengthening Border strengthen the protection and preparedness against terrorist Service Capacities in Turkmenistan”, the Centre organized: attacks that are aimed at critical energy infrastructure. Participants tested the effectiveness of their existing protection • Two basic and advanced patrolling courses, three basic and and crisis management systems, including the co-ordination advanced alpine courses, one maritime training event, two with external crisis management mechanisms, to mitigate medical training courses and one canine training event to the impact of a terrorist cyber-attack. The exercise was held operate in winter, mountainous and desert environment; as part of the OSCE’s efforts to advance the implementation of UNSCR 2341 on the protection of critical infrastructure • One border crossing facilitation training course on railway from terrorist attacks. It was the eighth national exercise crossings and one border crossing facilitation training on enhancing the OSCE participating States’ capacities to event on road crossings, four joint Afghan-Turkmen

117  4.9 Centre in Ashgabat

training courses, one regional workshop on ensuring of the OSCE Border Management Conferences, and one border security in Ashgabat and one Border Management roundtable meeting for discussing project outcomes Awareness regional workshop in Dushanbe; implemented in 2018 and activities planned for 2019.

• One joint e-learning course, one study visit to the As a result, 432 border guards took part in various training Belarussian Border Guard Academy, two roundtable events and workshops, including 354 Turkmen border guards, meetings on gender mainstreaming for law enforcement 51 Afghan border police officers, 23 Tajik border guards, two officers, one training event for teachers from the Border border guards from Kazakhstan and to from Uzbekistan. Guard Academy of Turkmenistan, participation in one

Centre in Ashgabat – Police-Related Activities in 2018

5

Total Information Analysis of Lessons Training 26 Exchange / Institution Learned, Assessments 59 and Capacity-Building and Guidelines 28

ACTIVITIES ON:

General Police Development and Reform 22%

Threats posed by Criminal Activity 78%

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4.10 Programme Office in Bishkek

Introduction The OSCE Programme Office in Bishkek (POiB), previously Centre in Bishkek (CiB), was established in 1998 to promote the implementation of the OSCE commitments in all three dimensions, to facilitate the exchange of information, to establish and maintain contacts with local authorities, universities, research institutions, and NGOs, and to encourage further integration of the Kyrgyz Republic into the OSCE community.

The POiB supports the Kyrgyz authorities in reforming their law enforcement agencies, with an emphasis on the rule of law, human rights, gender and multi-ethnic representation across all law enforcement agencies. The Office furthers these principles through providing expert, methodological and technical assistance, and supports a comprehensive multi-agency mechanism to unite and co-ordinate national efforts to counter transnational threats.

BUDGET (UB)*

2018 2017 TOTAL TOTAL 6,797,400 EUR 6,909,600 EUR 84% 8% POLICE MATTERS POLICE MATTERS 9% PROGRAMME PROGRAMME 598,197 EUR 533,000 EUR

STAFF* 2018 2017 TOTAL POLICE MATTERS TOTAL POLICE MATTERS PROGRAMME PROGRAMME 5 Total 5 Total 5% 4 Local Total 4 Local 4% 1 International 109 1 International Total 120

(UB)1

* Figures on budget and staff provided by the Programme Office in Bishkek.

119  4.10 Programme Office in Bishkek

The Police Activities Unit of the Politico-Military Dimension (previously Police Matters Programme and the Police Reform Programme) is committed to comprehensive reform at all levels of Kyrgyzstan’s law enforcement bodies. However, it is primarily focused on the MoI.

Activities Related to General this visit, several high-level working meetings were organized with the management and regional representatives of the Police Development and Women’s Committee of Uzbekistan, the Ministry of Education and the International Islamic Academy of Uzbekistan. In Reform addition, a MoU on future co-operation was signed between the KAWSS and the Women’s Committee of Uzbekistan.

Police Development and Reform within From 15 to 20 October, a summer school was organized Security Sector Reform in Issyk-Kul. Fifteen representatives of the KAWSS, local In 2018, the POiB supported the organization of two joint government authorities and law enforcement agencies were regional sessions of the MoI Public Council with the active given an opportunity to enhance their knowledge and skills participation of representatives of the Forum of Women on gender mainstreaming and equality in the SSR process. Members of the Parliament. These two sessions, held in the Osh and Issyk-Kul provinces, served as open platforms for Community Policing, Police-Public public discussions of four draft laws regulating the activities Relations and Crime Prevention of law enforcement agencies. Later in the year, these laws were The POiB supported the MoI with furthering the approved by all government structures, including the relevant parliamentary and civilian oversight of the law enforcement Parliamentary Committees. They now require the clearance agencies reform process. These initiatives were highly from the Ministry of Finance of the financial resources welcomed by the relevant government and local civil society required for their implementation. institutions. Their representatives actively participated in two joint regional sessions of the MoI Public Council in Osh With support by the POiB, the MoI conducted 27 training and Issyk-Kul provinces. On the basis of the discussions and sessions on the practical use of new legal codes. The POiB recommendations provided during these sessions, the MoI printed 750 packages of the new legal codes, which were Public Council has requested the MoI to make changes in distributed among all MoI departments and territorial police the modus operandi of the Mobile Police Receptions (MPR) stations. The main changes in these new legal codes are aimed initiative. The regional sessions have allowed for the MoI and at humanizing the criminal justice system and upholding relevant government institutions and local communities to the democratic principles in the work of law enforcement realize the importance and effectiveness of the MoI Public agencies. Council’s activities and to enhance their co-operation with it. Today, the MoI Public Council is the most recognized and Gender and Ethnic Mainstreaming respected public institution in the country, whose opinion is On 30 March, the POiB provided assistance to the Kyrgyz taken into account in the decision-making process. Association of Women in the Security Sector (KAWSS) in hosting a regional conference on “The role of women from During 2018, the MPR activities were expanded to four the security sector in the sustainable development of regions”. additional territorial police stations in the Talas and Naryn The conference, which was attended by representatives provinces. By maintaining the MPR GPS monitoring system, from Tajikistan and Uzbekistan, brought together some 100 the POiB also supported the MoI MPR Co-ordination Centre. participants, including high-level politicians, representatives The MPRs’ work is highly welcomed and supported by the local of Kyrgyzstan’s Presidential Administration, members of communities, and in the second half of 2018, a local public parliament and of government, as well as representatives council was established in every municipality to support the of all law enforcement agencies, Public Councils, local self- work of the MPRs. This council includes the representatives government authorities, civil society and the media. of civil society, local government authorities and local crime prevention centres (LCPSs). Currently, 24 MPR vehicles are In May, a working visit of the KAWSS representatives to the operating in 21 territorial police departments, providing Women’s Committee of Uzbekistan was organized. As part of assistance to 1,042 rural communities, home to a population

120  POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES OF FIELD OPERATIONS central ASIA

of nearly 3.5 million. More than 6,000 people approached the MPRs during the year, and 1,770 complaints were registered. Only 708 of those complaints were security related, while 1,062 were related to social issues. A total of 1,456 complaints were resolved; a further 314 are under consideration.

Public trust to the police dropped one point on the index measuring it, from 14.5 in 2017 to 13.5 in 2018. Due to the change of government in April 2018 and changes in the management of the main law enforcement agencies, public trust in all government institutions is generally decreasing, dropping on the index from 30.7 in 2017 to 25.2 in 2018.

The POiB was able to make a long-lasting positive impact in Kyrgyzstan’s traffic safety education process. These changes benefited both girls and boys equally and promoted their safe Community Policing Officer and Juvenile Delinquency behaviour on the roads. Together with experts from the public Inspector meet pupils of a school in Issyk-Kul Province association “Road safety”, the POiB conducted a large-scale during a visit by a Mobile Police Reception team on information campaign that involved more than 5,000 school 22 November 2018. (OSCE/Ibrokhimzhon Ulmasov) children and promoted traffic safety through an awareness- raising campaign. Compared to 2017, the number of traffic accidents in the country decreased by 5.5 per cent, while the operation of the Ministries of Interior was signed. At the rate of casualties and injuries on the road dropped by 21 per meeting, the Ministers also agreed to continue this initiative cent. The number of child victims of traffic accidents fell from and to organize the next meeting in the same format in 2019 in 104 to 87 (16.3 per cent fewer than in the previous year). The Kazakhstan. As part of the meeting, the Ministers of Interior number of injured children dropped from 1,652 to 1,622 (2.0 of Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan signed a joint plan on co- fewer than in 2017). operation in the fight against organized crime, the exchange of know-how on countering extremism and terrorism, and the interaction on ensuring public order and security in border areas.

Activities Related to Threats On 20 October, the POiB assisted Kyrgyzstan’s MoI with the translation and printing of a methodological handbook on Posed by Criminal Activity modern methods and tactics for combating organized crime. The handbook is to be used for training MoI officials and aims to increase their effectiveness in the fight against organized Organized Crime crime. On 3 August and 12 October, public discussions were held with the participation of working group members and around Between 19 and 24 November, “Portret-Poisk” working 25 representatives of relevant state agencies, as well as stations were installed at the Talas and Naryn MoI delegates of local NGOs and academia. The POiB provided departments. The POiB assisted the MoI in expanding further legislative and logistical support to the Interagency Working the use of modern data-analysis tools at the level of territorial Group on the development of relevant legislative documents. police departments by organizing two training sessions – Moreover, a national legal expert was hired to provide one in each of the headquarters. Some 100 MoI officers were consultative and methodological assistance to this working trained on the use of available databases in their operations. group. As a result, a draft law was submitted to Parliament for review and approval. Illicit Drugs and Chemical Precursors From 20 to 26 June, the POiB helped organize two events From 5 to 7 October, the POiB supported the first enlarged dedicated to the International Day Against Drug Abuse and joint meeting of the Ministers of Interior of four Central Illicit Trafficking, a sports event and a concert. These events Asian countries (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and were organized in partnership with the MoI and UNODC in Uzbekistan), which took place in Issyk-Kul province. Bishkek. In addition, the POiB produced short videos and Following the event, a joint protocol on expanding the co- public information material with a focus on the promotion of

121  4.10 Programme Office in Bishkek

a healthy lifestyle and intolerance towards drugs. The target Cybercrime audience for these activities were the youth in Bishkek. These From 14 to 24 February, the POiB facilitated the participation activities were co-ordinated with local NGOs and the offices of MoI officers in a specialized training programme organized of international organizations in Bishkek during a regular by the Russian Federation’s MoI. The curriculum of the donor meeting organized by the MoI. programme was focused on enhancing informational security skills and modern methods in tackling international organized crime. The programme aimed at enhancing the capacity of country officials to address cyber/ICT security challenges and contributed to further implementing the OSCE Confidence Building Measures in the country.

Programme Office in Bishkek – Police-Related Activities in 2018

27 3 Analysis of Lessons Training Learned, Assessments Total and Guidelines 64 Information 34 Exchange / Institution and Capacity-Building

ACTIVITIES ON:

General Police Development and Reform 95%

Threats posed by Criminal Activity 5%

CSI – Community Security Initiative

General Police Development and Reform 100%

Threats posed by Criminal Activity 0%

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4.11 Programme Office in Dushanbe

Introduction In 2018, the Police Reform project of the OSCE Programme Office in Dushanbe (the Office) further supported the MoI in implementing key aspects of the Police Reform Strategy and its Programme and Action Plan. Based on requests by the MoI to the OSCE and other international donors, the Office supported the MoI in different areas, including assistance in project development and fundraising, increasing professional capacities of law enforcement agencies and further promotion of the community policing concept via supported Public Councils and their interaction with local communities. The Office helped raise the knowledge and practical capacities of MoI staff and members of the public councils through a series of training seminars and workshops on different topics related to the respect of human rights and community policing. The Office also supported providing technical equipment for the MoI Forensics Department and the MoI Academy so as to increase the practical knowledge of forensic experts and cadets of the Academy.

BUDGET (UB)*

2018 2017 TOTAL TOTAL 7,311,600 EUR 7,7554,800 EUR 6% 84% 7% PMD/CTPU PMD/CTPU 480,700 EUR 416,900 EUR

STAFF* 2018 2017 TOTAL PMD/CTPU TOTAL PMD/CTPU 6 Total 5 Total 5 Local 4% 4 Local Total 1 International 1 International 5% 133 Total 128

(U

* Figures on budget and staff provided by the Programme Office in Dushambe.

123  4.12 Programme Office in Dushanbe

Two newly established Model Police Stations in Rudaki and Hissor districts were officially opened and became operational.

Following an MoI-organized countrywide selection campaign supported by the Office, the PCs hired almost 30 per cent new staff members. The public councils also held monthly information meetings in the communities of their respective areas of responsibility to raise awareness among the more than 4,500 attendees, including youth and women, on the police reform process and the PCs’ activities in the regions.

The Office helped provide modern equipment to the MoI Forensics Department and supported the establishment of a forensic classroom at the MoI Academy. These measures aimed at increasing the practical capacities of cadets and forensic experts so they are familiar with the modern techniques and methods used in their studies and their service.

Throughout 2018, the Office sponsored the participation of government representatives at regional and international events to help further incorporate the principles of democratic policing, respect for human rights and gender mainstreaming, and to support the host country in fulfilling its international commitments and to assist with the professional development of the local counterparts. A total of 12 representatives of different law enforcement agencies were given support to participate in such international events and activities.

Activities Related to General processes in MoI structures. During the discussion that followed, the Minister touched upon issues of community Police Development and policing and gender mainstreaming in the context of the Tajik Police Force transition, which generated a lot of interest Reform among participating States.

On 29 June 2018, the Office supported the MoI Academy’s Police Development and Reform within top management officials’ travel to Nur-Sultan (then Astana), Security Sector Reform Kazakhstan to attend the launch of the OSCE PAN, which goal The Office supported the MoI with the development of ten is to serve as a communication platform for law enforcement project proposals in different areas of police work in the educational and training institutions. It is a joint project of framework of implementing police reform in Tajikistan. It is TNTD/SPMU, TNTD/CC and OSCE field operations. envisaged that all ten projects will be presented at the Police Reform Steering Group/Donor Co-ordination Meeting in On 25 July and 9 November, the Office provided assistance to 2019. two model police stations in the Rudaki and Khissor districts, completing their construction and providing them with From 9 to 14 February, the Office supported the visit of a ICT-equipment and furniture. The first model police station Tajik Delegation headed by the MoI to Vienna to participate was inaugurated on 25 July in the Khissor district. Based on in the opening session of the OSCE Security Committee. a Ministerial decree, 14 officers were assigned to the newly At the session, Tajikistan’s Minister of Internal Affairs established station to serve the surrounding communities, gave a comprehensive briefing on the progress made in which have a population of more than 36,000 people. The implementing police reform. The Minister also presented the second model police station, located in the Esanboy jamoat of priority areas that needed further support from the OSCE Rudaki district, was opened on 9 November and staffed with participating States, specifically mentioning such issues as 14 MoI officers assigned to serve the area, home to a total of new police uniforms, the procurement of new equipment 22,000 people. for the police, and the automatization of all communication

124  POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES OF FIELD OPERATIONS central ASIA

On 22 and 23 October, the Office supported the participation Council, Dushanbe city, Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomus of one high-level official and two officers of the MoI in the Region (GBAO), Khatlon, Kulyab and Rasht PCs, as well as 12 OSCE APEM, which took place in Vienna. The meeting representatives of Tajikistan’s MoI working in the capacity of focused on “Future Policing Strategies: Addressing Trends assistants to the Heads of Regional and District Departments and Changes in a Globalized World”. Representatives of on Public Relations. the MoI were invited to examine and discuss legislative instruments, co-operation mechanisms, policing strategies Specialized Investigations Units / and best practice examples with their colleagues from the Forensics OSCE participating States and the Partners for Co-operation In an effort to increase the technical capacities of forensic to address new and emerging security challenges through a experts from the MoI’s Forensics Department, alllowing them forward-looking approach to policing. to process physical evidence, to identify forged documents and to provide the relevant empirical body of evidence, the Office Human Rights and Police Accountability supplied the Department with five modern analytical scales, On 31 August, the Police Assistance project in co-operation three compact bullet catchers, three hardness measuring sets, with the Human Dimension Rule of Law Unit organized a two electro luminescent identification items, one microscope, three-day training course on juvenile justice aimed at raising 20 packs of magnetic fingerprint powder, 200 metres of awareness and protecting the rights of children in contact with adhesive tape for collecting finger prints, five ultraviolet the criminal justice system. The training brought together 18 counterfeit banknote detectors and two professional mid- to senior-level officials from Tajikistan’s MoI and five camcorders. The Office also donated five forensic cases and members of the Tajik Inter-Agency Working Group on Justice 35 books on forensic techniques to the MoI Academy. for Children System Reform. The training course focused on international norms and standards, domestic legislation related to the rights of the child as applied to juvenile justice, and the psychological characteristics of children in contact with the law. It included discussions and interactive exercises Activities Related to Threats on communication with child suspects, victims and witnesses. Posed by Criminal Activity Community Policing, Police-Public Relations and Crime Prevention From 9 to 24 August, the Office conducted three workshops Counter-Terrorism & P/C VERLT aimed at enhancing communication between the police, the On 3 and 4 May, the Office co-organized a high-level general public and the media. In total, 40 mid- to senior- international conference on P/C VERLT in Dushanbe, together level officials from Tajikistan’s MoI and thirty journalists with the Tajik Government and in close co-operation with attended the workshops. They highlighted different aspects TNTD/ATU, the UN and the EU. The event brought together of the relations between police and community, including some 65 delegations from different countries and was aimed at the management of press centres and their interaction with creating a common understanding of current challenges and mass media. The participants were familiarized with the obstacles in the implementation of the UN Global Counter role of social media in the context of community policing, Terrorism Strategy in the region and globally. It also explored and learned effective ways for law enforcement agencies to opportunities for strengthening the partnership and co- conduct informative and transparent press conferences. They operation at national, regional and international levels on P/C also developed sample work plans on police public relations VERLT, and provided a forum for participants to exchange for the level of regional and district departments that will serve their experiences in tackling this phenomenon by specifically them as a useful tool for their future work with communities. focusing on FTFs threat prevention. The Office provided consultative and technical assistance for the organization of In October and November, the Office, in co-ordination the event and participated in developing the concept note and with the MoI and in co-operation with the international outcome document of the conference. NGO Saferworld, organized four three-day training courses for seven PCs. All courses were aimed at increasing the Illicit Drugs and Chemical Precursors participants’ knowledge of the legal framework and main On 16 and 17 July, the Office gave administrative and financial strategic documents of police reform in Tajikistan, as well support for the participation of three Tajik law enforcement as to promote the principles of community policing and officials in the OSCE-wide conference on “Combatting enhance police interaction with communities. The events the Threat of Illicit Drugs and the Diversion of Chemical brought together 70 participants from the Republican Public Precursors” in Vienna. The Tajik delegation, which included

125  4.12 Programme Office in Dushanbe

From 19 to 21 November, the Office, in close co-operation with TNTD/ATU and UNODC, organized a three-day foundation course in Dushanbe on suppressing the financing of terrorism, bringing together 20 representatives from the Prosecution Office, the Financial Monitoring Department under the National Bank of Tajikistan (FMD/NBT), the MoI and the SNSC. Three international experts from UNODC, the Federal Service for Financial Monitoring of the Russian Federation (ROSFINMONITORING) and from the Western Union taught the trainees how to effectively detect and interdict money flows to terrorists through money wiring systems, including through "Hawala" (a traditional system of transferring money used in Arab countries and South Asia). They also introduced them to international, national and regional threats in this field. As part of this capacity-building From left to right: Tuula Yrjölä, Head of the OSCE Programme course, the Office purchased and donated office equipment Office in Dushanbe; Umarzoda Ikrom, Deputy Interior (computers, tables and chairs, electronic board, projector and Minister of Tajikistan; and Rasa Ostrauskaite, OSCE Co- project screen) to the FMD/NBT to support the Department’s ordinator of Activities to Address Transnational Threats, efforts in establishing a National Training Centre on AML/ speaking at the OSCE regional meeting of Heads of Law CFT. Enforcement Departments in Central Asia. Dushanbe, Tajikistan, 24 July 2018 (OSCE/Farhod Nabiyulloev)

representatives of the MoI, Tajikistan’s Drug Control Agency (DCA) and the State National Security Committee (SNSC), gave a joint presentation on countering illicit drugs, received with due attention by the conference participants.

Programme Office in Dushanbe – Police-Related Activities in 2018

9 Training

Total 28 Information Exchange / Institution 19 and Capacity-Building

ACTIVITIES ON:

General Police Development and Reform 89%

Threats posed by Criminal Activity 11%

126 Central A sia

4.12 Programme Office in Nur-Sultan

Introduction The OSCE Programme Office in Nur-Sultan (then Astana) (the Office) promotes the implementation of the OSCE principles and commitments, facilitates contacts and exchange of information, and provides assistance to the government of Kazakhstan. In 2018, the Office continued active co-operation with the MoI of Kazakhstan and national law enforcement agencies. The Office prioritized its work on P/C VERLT and cybercrime. In so doing, it engaged civil society, youth, women, religious leaders and law enforcement agencies to promote P/C VERLT, including partnering with UNODC to promote the rehabilitation of returning FTFs. Law enforcement officers from across the country were trained to combat transnational organized crime and cybercrime.

BUDGET (UB)*

2018 2017 TOTAL TOTAL 2,225,500 EUR 2,174,500 EUR 20% 84% 20% POLITICO-MILITARY POLITICO-MILITARY ACTIVITIES (PMA)a ACTIVITIES 454,900 EUR 432,000 EUR POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES 39% out of (12% out of Politico-Military Activities)b Politico-Military Activities)b 176,232 EUR 52,667 EUR STAFF* 2018 2017 TOTAL POLITICO-MILITARY TOTAL POLITICO-MILITARY ACTIVITIES ACTIVITIES 4 Total 4 Total 3 Local Total 14% 3 Local 28 Total 14% 1 International 1 International 28

* Figures on budget and staff provided by the Programme Office in Nur-Sultan.

127  4.12 Programme Office in Nur-Sultan

Activities Related to General by civil servants. The event brought together some 50 representatives of CSACA’s central and regional offices, Police Development and who familiarized themselves with preventive practices and awareness-raising among public office holders, as well as Reform with comparative analyses of anti-corruption agencies in the OSCE countries.

Anti-Corruption On 7 December, the HoO spoke at a conference in Nur- On 14 March, the Head of Office (HoO) participated in Sultan, entitled “Combating Corruption in the Context the Civil Initiatives Second Congress against Corruption of Globalization.” The event brought together some organized in partnership with the Anti-Corruption and Civil 100 representatives of the Justice Ministry, MoI, non- Service Affairs Agency (CSACA). The event brought together governmental sector, diplomatic corps, international some 200 representatives of Parliament, the President’s organizations, academic community, as well as experts from Administration, the ministries of Religion and Civil Society, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia and the Russian Federation. Finance and National Economy, the National Entrepreneurship The HoO addressed the main challenges of combating Chamber “Atameken” and CSOs The participants discussed corruption and emphasized the role of civil society to ensure the steps made by the government to combat corruption transparency and implement effective monitoring over public and the main corruption challenges, emphasizing the role of spending. The event was organized by the Civil Service Affairs public councils and NGOs in implementing State strategy to and Anti-Corruption Agency of Kazakhstan. combat corruption. Gender-based and Domestic Violence From 31 July to 3 August, the Office supported a study visit for On 29 and 30 March, in Petropavlovsk, the Office supported five officials from the Law Enforcement Agencies Academy a training seminar and public discussion of the legal acts under the GPO of Kazakhstan to Tbilisi, Georgia. The and mechanisms regulating the police’s work in combating delegation met representatives of Georgia’s Justice Ministry, domestic violence. The event aimed at building the capacity Chief Prosecutor’s Office, MoI, the State Procurement of some 30 police inspectors who respond to calls on possible Agency and the Public Service Hall to discuss best practices domestic violence cases and NGO staff who assess the work and implementation of policy. of the police in this area.

From 11 to 14 September, the Office, in partnership with the On 11 and 12 May, the Office supported a training seminar CSACA, supported a training seminar on corruption risk and public discussion in Issyk and in the Taldykorgan Region management in the public sector for some 50 representatives on the legal acts and mechanisms regulating police work from the CSACA, regional municipalities and academia. The in combating domestic violence. The event aimed to build seminar covered topics such as best practices in analysing the capacity of some 100 police inspectors who respond to and managing risks involving, but not limited to, planning calls of possible domestic violence cases, as well as NGO the project process, determining objectives, and assigning representatives who assess the work of the police in this area. individuals responsible for process administration. From 16 to 21 July, in Pavlodar, the Office supported six From 22 to 24 October, in Koschi, the Office, in partnership seminars in the Kostanay Region on the prevention of with the Law Enforcement Agencies Academy under the domestic violence with police officers directly working with GPO of Kazakhstan, co-organized a training seminar on the victims. Over 100 police inspectors from 15 regions implementing effective anti-corruption strategies. The event who respond to calls on possible domestic violence cases brought together some 35 law enforcement officials who learned best practices from experts focused on the latest were trained on hands-on strategies to combat corruption amendments and provisions of the Law on the Prevention of and develop preventive mechanisms. The OSCE supported Domestic Violence and helped update the training module expert from Georgia held a session on the Open Government and questionnaire for police officers. After the event, a report Partnership (OGP) initiative and addressed procedures on public monitoring on the implementation of normative for accession to the OGP, its advantages for the country’s legal acts by the police was developed. development and the role of civil society to promote this initiative. On 6 December, the HoO spoke at a conference that concentrated on “Preventing Domestic Violence through From 26 to 29 November, in Nur-Sultan, the Office and Effective Co-operation: A New Stage of Crisis Centres the CSACA co-organized a training course aimed at the Development”. The two-day event was organized by the implementation of administrative anti-corruption practices Office in partnership with the National Commission for

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Women, Family and Demographic Policy under the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan (National Commission), UN Women, the UN Population Fund and the UN Development Programme, and focused on the development of crisis centres for victims of domestic violence. It gathered some 150 parliamentarians, members of the National Commission, law enforcement bodies and heads of the crisis centres from all the regions, as well as representatives of the national and local government, international organizations and experts from Austria, Germany, Montenegro, Romania and the United States. Participants discussed best practices in preventing and addressing domestic violence, protecting victims and supporting the activities of the crisis centres.

Hate Crime On 12 June and on 28 June, in Kostanai and Aktau, the Office, Police academy instructors conduct a practical exercise in co-operation with the NGO Legal Media Centre, supported during a training-of-trainers event on risk profiling. seminars on the protection of freedom of expression and Karaganda, Kazakhstan, 12 December 2018 (OSCE/Mikhail policies to counter hate speech on the internet. A total of Assafov) approximately 50 participants, including journalists, law enforcement officials and representatives of civil society, discussed the relationship between the media and hate the vocabulary used by journalists. These real-life case studies speech policies, as well as potential means of enhancing co- offered participants an insight into the damaging effects of operation between the government, civil society and media stereotypes in the media. The event aimed to equip journalists organizations. Using real-life cases, participants examined with the tools to counter hate speech in the media and on how intolerance can be shaped by visual stereotypes of the internet, including mechanisms to reduce potential harm different social and ethnic groups in the media. The event was from a malicious internet environment, and destructive a follow-up to seminars held in 2017 in Aktobe, Petropavlovsk, behaviour such as trolling, cyber-bullying and hate speech. Uralsk and Ust-Kamenogorsk. On 24 October, the Office supported a roundtable discussion On 24 August, the Office, together with the Soros Foundation, on “Expert Research on the Signs of Invocation to Violence: Embassy of the Netherlands and the “International Fund of A Discussion of Project Methods”. The event was co- Protection of Speech ‘Adil Soz’”, co-organized an expert public organized by the Embassy of the Netherlands in Nur-Sultan, hearing on hate speech policies and relevant legislation. The the government-managed Centre for Judicial Expertise, the event gathered some 25 legal and media experts, lawyers and NGO Soros Foundation-Kazakhstan and the International a representative from the Ministry of Justice who discussed Foundation for the Protection of Freedom of Speech “Adil international standards and challenges in the implementation Soz”, with support from the Office. Participants discussed the and interpretation of Criminal Code Article 174 on Incitement interpretation of laws intended to prevent hate speech and of Social, National, Racial, Clan or Religious Hatred. calls to violence, as well as ways to promote self-regulation Participants discussed, among other thngs, the ambiguity of the media. of current legislation and the lack of qualified experts to independently interpret the law. Other, including co-ordination and co- operation On 21 September, in Karaganda, the Office supported a From 16 to 18 April, in Karaganda, the Office, in partnership seminar on the protection of freedom of expression and with the Karaganda Police Academy and the MoI, supported policies to counter hate speech on the internet. The event a training seminar for law enforcement press officers on the was co-organized with the NGO Legal Media Centre fundamentals of public relations and effective communication for some 20 journalists, representatives of civil society strategies between law enforcement and media. Some 30 press and university students who discussed the relationship officers from across Kazakhstan took part in the seminar. A between media and hate speech policies, as well as ways special session focused on the use of new media and social of enhancing co-operation between the government, civil networks, including fact-checking, drafting social media society and media organizations. Together with national content, addressing negative comments and trolling. experts from Kazakhstan, participants examined a number of electronic resources and print media examples to analyse

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Activities Related to Threats the GPO, the State Revenue Committee and the Intelligence Service. Posed by Criminal Activity On 26 and 27 March, the Office supported the participation of two representatives of Kazakhstan’s Supreme Court and Criminal Investigations and Analysis GPO in a workshop co-organized by the FATF, the OSCE From 15 to 20 April, the Office supported a training seminar and MONEYVAL in Strasbourg, France. Event participants on risk analysis and profiling techniques to ensure public discussed the underlying elements for effective investigation safety at transportation facilities. The seminar aimed at and prosecution and explored challenges in the process of building the capacity of 25 transport police officers from financial investigation and asset tracing. The representative of across Kazakhstan and instructors from higher education Kazakhstan’s GPO delivered a presentation on the country’s institutions of the MoI. It was co-organized by the Office, experience in recovering stolen assets and addressing the key the Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement challenges in this area. Affairs (INL) at the U.S. Embassy in Nur-Sultan, the MoI, and the Central Asian Regional Information and CARICC. From 11 to 15 June, the Deputy HoO opened a joint OSCE/ UNODC training course aimed at strengthening the capacity From 14 to 19 September, the Office supported a training of the MoI, the MFA, and the GPO to disrupt the financing of seminar on risk analysis and profiling techniques to ensure terrorist networks. The training course focused on examining public safety at transportation facilities. The training seminar terrorist financial networks, disrupting financial flows, aimed at building the capacity of 18 transport police officers conducting vulnerability and impact analyses and submitting from across Kazakhstan and instructors from the Aktobe Law proposals for UN sanctions. Institute of the country’s MoI. Experts from the Association of Psychologists of Kazakhstan and a national law enforcement On 27 and 28 August, in Almaty, the Office, in partnership expert discussed the history and foundation of risk profiling with the Financial Monitoring Committee, organized a two- for individuals, ways to analyse patterns and behaviour of day training seminar on AML/CFT. Some 80 representatives passengers, techniques for interviewing passengers and from accounting and auditing entities, casinos and payment diffusing potential conflicts involving passengers. organizations learned about money laundering and terrorism financing typologies, best practices in identifying suspicious From 11 to 13 December, in Karaganda, the Office, in co- transactions, and mitigating risks. The training seminar was operation with the Karaganda Police Academy under the MoI, conducted by representatives from the Financial Monitoring co-organized a three-day ToT course for law enforcement Committee and experts from Austria and the United personnel on risk profiling techniques to enhance security Kingdom, whose participation was sponsored by the Office. during large-scale events. Some 30 mid-level officers from the Karaganda Police Academy learned about observational On 14 and 15 September, in Vienna, the Office, in partnership psychology during public gatherings. Three national with the TNTD, the UNODC/GPML, and the EAG co- experts focused on topics such as identifying the elements organized a ToT course for seven officials from the National of risk profiles, crowd mentality and psychological and Security Agency and the Committee for Financial Monitoring. communicational methods of influencing an aggressive The course aimed to build capacity in combating terrorist crowd. The participants also engaged in exercises designed financing, in line with relevant FATF standards and OSCE to improve information exchange within police units, thus commitments. The course was led by international experts increasing team efficiency. and included sessions on the use of financial intelligence, interagency co-operation, international co-operation, the Financial Investigations, Anti-Money terrorist finance funding cycle, sources of information, and Laundering and Seizures of Criminal the protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms. Proceeds On 6 March, the HoO hosted representatives of the TNTD On 17 and 18 September, in Almaty, the Office, in partnership and UNODC Global Programme against Money Laundering with Kazakhstan’s National Bank and the U. S. Embassy (UNODC/GPML) to discuss capacity-building activities in Nur-Sultan, supported a two-day training seminar on to combat the financing of terrorism. The meeting was applying a risk-based approach to AML/CFT for some 80 also attended by some 15 high-level representatives from representatives from the National Bank of Kazakhstan, Kazakhstan’s MoI, the Committee of Financial Monitoring, the Financial Monitoring Committee, and second-tier

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banks. International experts familiarized participants with Counter-Terrorism & P/C VERLT methodological frameworks and quantitative indicators to On 10 and 11 May, the Office participated in an OSCE-wide carry out risk-based supervision of financial institutions conference in Rome on “The Reverse Flow of Foreign Terrorist and reviewed best practices in collecting evidence and Fighters (FTFs): Challenges for the OSCE Area and Beyond”, investigating cybercrime incidents. The course also covered and facilitated the participation at the event of representatives information security, protection of personal data and from the National Security Committee, the GPO, as well as a aspects of complying with the EU’s General Data Protection representative of civil society. The participants discussed new Regulation. opportunities for co-operation, including programmes on the reintegration of those convicted of crimes related to VERLT. From 24 to 28 September, in Moscow, the Russian Federation, the Office supported the participation of the Deputy Head From 28 to 29 June, the Office, in co-operation with the of the Financial Monitoring Committee in the seminar for TNTD, organized a regional seminar on countering the use expert-evaluators organized by the FATF, the EAG, and the of the internet for terrorist purposes for some 50 Central CoE's Committee of Experts on the Evaluation of Anti-Money Asian judges, prosecutors, investigators and lawmakers. The Laundering Measures. The seminar covered the process event included discussions on areas such as legal frameworks of mutual evaluation and means of complying with FATF on countering the use of the internet for terrorist purposes, recommendations to combat money laundering and terrorist the use of open source intelligence, and the protection and financing. recovery of forensic data in investigations of crimes related to the misuse of the internet by terrorists and violent extremist From 16 to 20 October, in Burabay, the Office facilitated the groups. The seminar aimed to strengthen national capabilities organization of a five-day training seminar aimed at further and sustain inter-regional counter-terrorism responses by building the host country’s capacity to counter terrorist assisting practitioners to effectively investigate and prosecute financing. The course was organized by the TNTD and the use of the internet for terrorist purposes in compliance UNODC/GPML, the Academy of Law Enforcement Agencies with international human rights standards. under the GPO of Kazakhstan and the EAG. It brought together some 20 government officials who were trained From 16 to 20 July, in Koschi, the Office co-organized a by international experts and six local trainers on improving five-day training course to strengthen the capacity of crisis interagency co-operation in disrupting terrorist financing and negotiators from across Kazakhstan. The event was organized strengthening Kazakhstan’s compliance with international together with the Law Enforcement Agencies Academy, the standards, in particular the UN Security Council Resolutions, Embassy of Israel and the Ministry of Public Security of Israel. the FATF’s standards and the OSCE commitments. The course was led by experts of the Israeli Police to prepare State officials to respond to crisis situations such as hostage From 31 October to 1 November, in Almaty, the Office taking, and manage the negotiation process from start to supported a two-day training seminar for staff of Kazakhstan’s finish. Topics included active listening, operative reaction, Central Bank on the application of a risk-based approach and structure of negotiation groups, time management, and in AML/CFT supervision of financial institutions. Some the tactical role of intelligence in negotiations, means of 20 participants from the Central Bank learned the key communication, third-party intermediaries and organizing characteristics of risk-based AML/CFT supervision, ways of a co-ordinated response. These sessions were complemented identifying potential risks and taking preventive measures by technical discussions and simulated exercises based on for mitigating them from experts from Guernsey and real-life cases that the Israeli Police had dealt with in the past. Liechtenstein. On 4 and 5 December, the Deputy HoO spoke at the opening From 19 to 23 November, the Office, in co-operation with of a seminar on the rehabilitation of those convicted of the Financial Monitoring Committee and the U.S. Embassy crimes related to violent extremism, including returning in Nur-Sultan, organized a course on strategic analysis. Some FTFs, with a specific focus on their families. The seminar 20 representatives from the Financial Monitoring Committee was organized for 20 officials from the National Security and Academy of Law Enforcement Agencies under the GPO Committee, the MoI, the Law Enforcement Academy under enhanced their skills in carrying out strategic analysis of the GPO, the Ministry of Social Development and civil available and accessible data and information related to AML/ society representatives. Experts from the United Kingdom CFT. presented case studies and examples of methods that have been successful in rehabilitation programmes for FTFs and

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their families. Special attention was paid to ways of working CIS region, a project that is designed for approximately 200 with civil society and programmes to engage the wives and civilian experts from Central Asia and other CIS countries children of foreign fighters. involved in different stages of CTHB along migratory trails. The exercise will include representatives of law enforcement, On 6 and 7 December, the Office, together with the joint the judiciary and civil society, financial investigators and UN System and European Union Programme on Preventing immigration authorities. Violent Extremism in Prisons, co-organized a seminar on assessing and managing the risks of violent extremist On 23 and 24 April, in Vienna, the Office attended and prisoners, including the rehabilitation of returning FTFs. Some supported the participation of a representative from a national 70 participants discussed methods and practices applied in NGO in the 18th Alliance against Trafficking in Persons penitentiary systems in the treatment of prisoners convicted Conference, which took place under the title “Everyone Has of crimes related to violent extremism. Officials from the MoI’ a Role: How to Make a Difference Together”. Prison Committee and National Security Committee, as well as representatives of academia and civil society exchanged On 30 and 31 May, the Office, jointly with the MoI and the ideas with experts from Austria, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, the U.S. Embassy in Nur-Sultan, supported an international United Kingdom and the United States. roundtable discussion in Shymkent on CTHB. Some 40 officials from departments dealing with combating organized Illicit Drugs and Chemical Precursors crime, border and migration control, as well as finance of From 14 to 18 May, the Office co-organized a training course respective government agencies and ministries of Kazakhstan, for law enforcement officials on the latest trends in countering Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan, shared best practices in CTHB. the illegal sale of drugs on the internet. The event was co- Experts from Belarus and the U.K. border authorities organized with the INL of the U.S. Embassy in Kazakhstan presented best practices from their countries on combating and the Law Enforcement Academy under the GPO for organized crime-related human trafficking. some 15 law enforcement officers and instructors from law enforcement educational institutions representing the GPO, On 22 and 23 November, the Office, in co-operation with CARICC and Anti-Drug Units of the MoI. Participants the IOM, organized a workshop in Shymkent on combating learned about software for using the “Darknet” and the “Deep THB and best practices in border control. The event brought Web”, sites for anonymous, sometimes illegal, transactions together some 25 representatives of the country’s border online. service. Participants were introduced to issues related to THB and learned ways to identify and assist victims of human Trafficking in Human Beings & Migration- trafficking. related Crime On 6 and 7 February, the Office facilitated the visit of the OSR/ Cybercrime CTHB who met the Prosecutor General, the Secretary of the From 21 to 25 May, the Office supported a ToT course in Human Rights Commission under the President, as well as Almaty on countering cybercrime for representatives of law representatives of the Foreign Ministry and the Regional enforcement agencies. The event was co-organized with the Hub to Counter Global Threats under the Law Enforcement U.S. Embassy in Nur-Sultan and CARICC. Eighteen officials Academy, with the Ho= in attendance. During the meetings, from the MoI, the GPO and its Law Enforcement Agencies the sides discussed the upcoming Central Asian project on Academy, the Justice Ministry’s Forensic Centre, the Agency “Combating Human Trafficking along Migration Routes”, for Civil Service Affairs and Anti-corruption, and the State for which simulation exercises were planned to take place in Revenue Committee of the Finance Ministry took part in the June 2018. Computer and Network Intrusion Course, which was led by experts from the United States. The course provided skills On 5 and 6 March, 25 and 26 April, 11 and 12 June and 24 to in investigating the computer hardware of both victims and 28 September, the Office hosted four meetings co-organized suspects involved in cybercrimes. by the OSR/CTHB Office and dedicated to the preparation of a planned live-simulation exercise on combating human From 22 to 26 October, the Office concluded a ToT series on trafficking. The representatives of four OSCE field operations, countering cybercrime that began in 2016 for representatives NGOs and state officials from Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, of law enforcement agencies in Nur-Sultan. The event was co- Ukraine and Uzbekistan attended the meetings. Some 30 organized with the INL of the U.S. Embassy in Nur-Sultan, the participants discussed the timeline for the development of Law Enforcement Agencies Academy of the GPO and the L. Russian-language exercise and training components for the Gumilev Eurasian National University. Fifteen officials from

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the MoI, the GPO and its Law Enforcement Agencies Academy, service educational institutions from Central Asian states. the Ministry of Justice’s Forensic Centre, Kazakhstan’s Agency Instructors from Kazakhstan’s BGS of the National Security for Civil Service Affairs and Anti-corruption, and the State Committee familiarized participants with risk analysis, Revenue Committee of the Ministry of Finance took part in operational psycho-diagnostics and interviewing methods. the “Advanced Computer and Network Intrusion Course”. Nine officers representing the educational institutions The course, led by U.S. experts, provided participants with of border agencies from Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan and the skills to respond to most network intrusion investigations. Uzbekistan were introduced to methodologies on teaching the The newly certified instructors discussed their plans to share fundamentals of risk profiling. The event was co-organized by the newly acquired skills with their colleagues from various the EU-funded Border Management Programme in Central law enforcement departments. Asia (BOMCA) and the U.S. Embassy in Nur-Sultan.

On 28 and 29 November, in Nur-Sultan, the Office, in co- From 22 to 26 March, in Karasu, the Office supported a operation with the TNTD/ATU, organized a risk-assessment cross-border training seminar on risk profiling at border and crisis management exercise to strengthen preparedness checkpoints. The seminar was co-organized by the Office, and protection against terrorist attacks aimed at critical the INL of the U.S. Embassy in Nur-Sultan, the UNODC energy infrastructure. Seventeen national experts from Regional Office for Central Asia, and the BGS of Kazakhstan’s the State administration and the private energy sector took National Security Committee. Twelve officers of the BGS and part in a discussion-based simulation exercise called “Black eight officers of the State Border Service of Kyrgyzstan took Kazakhstan”. The exercise provided them with an opportunity part in the event. Experts from CARICC, the Academy of the to test the effectiveness of their existing protection and crisis BGS of the Committee for National Security of Kazakhstan management systems, including co-ordination with external and the Association of Psychologists of Kazakhstan led the crisis management mechanisms, in order to mitigate the course. They instructed participants in employing statistical impact of a terrorist cyber-attack. instruments to analyse information on criminal incidents and develop an actionable in-depth risk profile to assist in Border Security and Management / countering transnational threats. The curriculum included Customs techniques for in-depth psychological analysis of a suspect’s From 22 to 26 January, the Office co-organized a five-day verbal and non-verbal behaviour, as well as ways to identify training course in Aktau on risk profiling related to search in specific risk indicators. A number of practical exercises sea vessels. Twenty officers of the Coast Guard of the Border provided the participants with the opportunity to apply their Service of Kazakhstan’s National Security Committee took newly acquired knowledge. part in a training seminar co-organized by the Office together with the U.S. Embassy in Nur-Sultan and the Coast Guard. From 25 to 29 June, the Office, in co-operation with the INL Experts from the Association of Psychologists of Kazakhstan of the U.S. Embassy in Nur-Sultan and the BGS under the familiarized officers of the Coast Guard with the skills to National Security Committee, organized a five-day training develop a system of risk profiling and ways to develop an seminar on the detection of forged travel documents and actionable risk profile. The event included techniques for identification techniques. Twenty-six border guards from an in-depth psychological analysis of a suspect’s verbal and the western regions of Kazakhstan were trained by experts non-verbal behaviour, as well as ways to identify specific risk from Austria’s Federal Ministry of the Interior on document indicators. security. The event was based on a programme initially developed by the Austria’s Federal MoI in conjunction with From 19 to 23 February, in Shymkent, the Office, in co- the TNTD/ATU, before being tailored to priorities identified operation with the U.S. Embassy in Nur-Sultan and the Border by the host country. Guard Service (BGS) under the National Security Committee, organized a five-day training seminar for some 26 border From 24 to 26 July, the Office and the INL of the U. S. Embassy guards on the detection of forged travel documents and in Nur-Sultan organized a visit to London for eight officials identification techniques. Experts from the Austrian Federal from Kazakhstan to study the United Kingdom’s experience in Ministry of the Interior shared best practices in ensuring introducing the API and PNR systems. Participants from the international document security, including identifying BGS, National Security Committee, GPO, Ministry of Justice, falsified travel documents. Civil Aviation Committee of the Ministry of Investment and Development, and the Foreign Ministry familiarized From 27 February to 1 March, in Almaty, the Office supported themselves with best practices in passenger identification and a regional seminar on risk profiling for officers of border safety, as well as with relevant border security issues, including

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countering human trafficking, immigration and customs and the BGS of the National Security Committee. Experts enforcement. The delegation saw the practical application from CARICC and the Academy of the BGS of the National of the information-sharing system at Heathrow Airport. The Security of Kazakhstan Committee trained border guards on participants also met senior officials of the United Kingdom how to develop a system of risk profiling, employ statistical Home Office and discussed possible interagency co-operation instruments to analyse information on criminal incidents and and the next steps in promoting the exchange of passenger develop an actionable in-depth risk profile. information at Kazakhstan’s border checkpoints. From 19 to 23 November, the Office, in co-operation with the On 20 September, the Office attended a co-ordination INL Office of the United States Embassy in Nur-Sultan and meeting with the INL Department of the U.S. Embassy in the BGS under the National Security Committee, organized a Nur-Sultan and representatives of the BGS of the National training seminar on the detection of forged travel documents Security Committee, the GPO, the Ministry of Justice, and and identification techniques. Twenty-three border guards the Committee for Civil Aviation of the Investment and from Almaty International Airport and different land border Development Ministry, to discuss further steps to support crossing points were trained by experts from Austria’s Federal efforts to develop an API system. Customs officers from New MoI on the use of paper and polymer substrates in document Zealand shared, via teleconference, best practices from their security, conventional printing techniques, photo protection eight years of experience in using similar systems. The Office and secondary verification. and the INL discussed ways in which both entities could co- operate to provide support to the host country in this area, From 20 to 22 November, the Office supported the TNTD/ taking into account feedback received from the participants. BSMU MTT in delivering an interactive national course on identifying FTFs at the border for 25 first and second-line From 15 to 19 October, the Office co-organized a five-day border and security officers. The deployment of the MTT, practical training course on risk profiling to better counter the ninth of its kind, was organized by the TNTD/BSMU, transnational threats in Zharkent, near the border with with support from the Office and in close co-operation China. Nineteen Border Service officers took part in a with the Border Service of Kazakhstan. The importance training seminar co-organized by the Office together with of risk analysis models applied to identify potential FTFs the INL Department of the U.S. Embassy in Nur-Sultan at the borders, as well as background, trends and current

Programme Office in Nur-Sultan – Police-Related Activities in 2018

2 Training 33 Total Analysis of Lessons 62 Learned, Assessments Information and Guidelines 27 Exchange / Institution and Capacity-Building

ACTIVITIES ON:

General Police Development and Reform 35%

Threats posed by Criminal Activity 65%

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cases were discussed during the course. The participants engaged in practical exercises on the detection of forged documents and impostors, as well as in interactive exercises for understanding behavioural indicators of FTFs. The MTT team included representatives from Georgia, Poland, Ukraine and the United Kingdom, as well as experts from INTERPOL, the OSCE and the Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation.

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4.13 Project Co-ordinator in Uzbekistan

Introduction The OSCE Project Co-ordinator in Uzbekistan (PCUz) supports the host country authorities in strengthening their AML/CFT measures in line with the recommendations of the FATF. Since 2012, the PCUz’s core activities in AML/CFT are established on a risk-based approach and focus on capacity-building of the FIU of the Office of the Prosecutor General and the staff of financial institutions or other institutions engaged in AML/CFT measures.

Since 2007, the PCUz has been providing assistance to the Police Academy under the Ministry of Interior (MoI) to improve the Academy’s training potential. Special attention was paid to the re-training and professional development of specialists responsible for crime prevention in the areas of terrorism, violent extremism, drug trafficking and THB.

Since 2008, the PCUz has been working closely with the National Centre for Drug Control (NCDC) in supporting the implementation of national strategies and policies on fighting illicit drug circulation. In 2013, the PCUz and the NCDC signed a MoU designed to improve

BUDGET (UB)*

2018 2017 TOTAL TOTAL 2,293,400 EUR 2,134,200 EUR 19% 84% POLITICO-MILITARY ACTIVITIES POLITICO-MILITARY ACTIVITIES 20% 462,800 EUR 415,000 EUR POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES (61% out of 79 % out of Politico-Military Activities) Politico-Military Activities) 284,591 EUR 328,253 EUR STAFF* 2018 2017 TOTAL POLITICO-MILITARY TOTAL POLITICO-MILITARY ACTIVITIES ACTIVITIES 4 Total 3 Total 3 Local Total 11% 2 Local 15% 27 Total 1 International 1 International 27

* Figures on budget and staff provided by the Project Co-ordinator in Uzbekistan.

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joint efforts to address illicit drug circulation and other related transnational organized crimes.

Since 2016, the PCUz has been working to assist national authorities in promoting human rights-compliant national counter-terrorism policies and building the country’s capacity for P/C VERLT.

In the field of THB, the PCUz supports the Inter-agency Anti-trafficking Commission and other governmental agencies and civil society representatives in strengthening their efforts to combat THB. Besides capacity-building, the PCUz focuses on establishing more systematic and sustainable efforts to counter THB through better co-ordination between police, health and social workers, and NGOs in the identification of trafficked persons and the protection of their human rights.

and professional improvement of specialists fighting against Activities Related to General transnational threats. The study visit was organized as part of the PCUz project on “Assistance in Improvement of Police Development and Staff Training System for Law Enforcement Bodies at the Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic Reform of Uzbekistan”.

From 29 to 31 October, protecting the rights of alleged victims Police Development and Reform within and accused persons was the focus of a training course in Security Sector Reform Tashkent, attended by 24 police investigators from Tashkent On 14 February, the PCUz supported the participation of an and the Tashkent province and organized by the PCUz. Uzbek delegation at the Security Dialogue on SSG/R in the The aim of the training was to enhance the investigators’ framework of a joint meeting of the OSCE Forum for Security professional understanding of and commitment to Co-operation (FSC) and the OSCE Permanent Council in international policing and investigative standards. Emphasis Vienna. In the margins of the event, the Uzbek delegation met was placed on working within the framework of national the OSCE Secretary General. At the meeting, the two sides and international laws on human rights-compliant policing, discussed the state and prospects of relations between the which uphold the presumption of innocence, prohibit the use OSCE and Uzbekistan. of torture and oppressive practices, and protect the dignity of and the respect for witnesses and suspects at all stages of From 25 to 27 April, in Tashkent, a national seminar on the investigative process. The training course was organized “Effective Security Sector Governance and Reform (SSG/R)” within the framework of the project, “Supporting the Ministry for representatives of the Senate of the Oliy Majlis, the State of Internal Affairs in enhancing professional capacities and Security Sector (SSS), the Supreme Court, the MoI, the GPO, skills of investigative divisions”. the Academy of the Armed Forces, the Institute for Strategic and Interregional Studies under the President of Uzbekistan, Human Rights and Police Accountability and the MFA was organized by the PCUz in co-operation with From 6 to 8 August, in Tashkent, a three-day workshop on the FSC. At the three-day seminar, the participants were given the topic “Ratification and Implementation of the Optional an opportunity to increase their awareness of SSG/R and the Protocol to the UN Convention against Torture (OPCAT): OSCE’s approach to the concept, while also being stimulated international experience and foreign practices” was organized to increase the synergies in SSG/R approaches between the by the PCUz in co-operation with the National Human Rights different national security bodies. Centre (NHRC) of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The event brought together a range of actors working on issues related On 20 and 21 June, the PCUz organized a study visit to France to torture prevention, including representatives of the Oliy for one senior official from the Presidential Administration Majlis (parliament), State bodies and public organizations, and four representatives of the MoI Academy. The purpose to discuss the implications of OPCAT ratification and of the event was to provide support to the MoI Academy implementation. The workshop was led by international through an exchange of experiences in training, retraining experts from the UN and the United Kingdom. It was

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organized within the framework of the project “Promoting Activities Related to Threats the Sustainable Development of the National System for the Protection of Human Rights in Uzbekistan”. The workshop also Posed by Criminal Activity complemented PCUz’s efforts to assist in the establishment of a National Preventive Mechanism against Torture (NPM) in Uzbekistan. Financial Investigations, Anti-Money Laundering and Seizures of Criminal On 11 December, commemorating the 70th anniversary of Proceeds the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, From 18 to 23 February and 14 to 19 October, the PCUz the PCUz, jointly with the Authorized Person of the Oliy supported the participation of two representatives from the Majlis for Human Rights, the Main Directorate on Execution FIU of Uzbekistan in the FATF Plenary and Working Group of Punishments of the MoI, the NGO Strategy Development meetings that took place in Paris. The meetings enable Centre, UNDP, and the regional office for Central Asia of governments to stay abreast of the most recent developments the international NGO, Penal Reform International, held in the area of AML/CFT, to reflect this in their national system a roundtable discussion on “The Constitution and the and to obtain updates on the latest changes and dynamics in Action Strategy for Ensuring Human Rights and Freedoms: this area. Developing Laws and Practices in the Protection of the Rights of Persons in Custody”. The event was organized as On 26 and 27 March, the PCUz supported a FIU part of a project on “Support to establishment of a national representative to attend an international workshop for judges preventive mechanism against torture in Uzbekistan” and and prosecutors in Strasbourg, with the objective of assisting brought together 50 representatives of both chambers of the host authorities in increasing their capacities for the the parliament, relevant ministries and agencies, national prevention of abuse of national financial and non-financial human rights institutions, CSOs and the media. At the systems for ML/FT purposes. The workshop, organized by event, the participants analysed the state of implementation the OSCE Secretariat in co-operation with MONEYVAL of the “Programme of Measures to Develop Activities of and the FATF, was the latest in a series of similar workshops Penitentiary Institutions in 2018-2022”, discussed the role organized worldwide. It was attended by representatives of of the Ombudsperson Institution in protecting the rights judicial and prosecutorial authorities, as well as FIUs, from and freedoms of persons in custody, and learned about the the OSCE region. international law provisions and existing best practices in safeguarding the rights of persons held in custody. From 23 to 28 September, the PCUz supported the participation of two representatives from the Department on Gender and Ethnic Mainstreaming Combating Economic Crimes under the GPO and the FIU to From 12 to 16 November, in Tashkent, the specifics of participate in the 25th Egmont Group Plenary Meeting, which interviewing special groups of citizens, including women took place in Sydney, Australia. Over 400 delegates from and minors, and investigative interviewing as a credible FIUs around the world exchanged information on money alternative to the application of mistreatment, were the focus laundering trends, discussed compliance issues and received of a training course for 24 police investigators from Tashkent technical assistance and training within the framework of and the Tashkent region organized by the PCUz. The training their Egmont Group membership. The participation of Uzbek course was organized within the framework of the project officials in these events was supported under the project “Supporting the Ministry of Internal Affairs in enhancing “Support to Uzbekistan in combating money laundering and professional capacities and skills of investigative divisions”, terrorism financing”. which aims at improving the capacity of the investigative divisions of the MoI in performing their tasks in line with From 24 to 29 June, the PCUz supported the participation the OSCE commitments, including the OSCE Gender of two representatives of the FIU and one representative Action Plan and the applicable laws and human rights and of the Presidential Administration of Uzbekistan at FATF fundamental freedoms in general. Plenary and Working Group meetings in Paris. These regular meetings allow governments to stay abreast of the most recent developments in the area of AML/CFT, ensure that developments are reflected in the national systems, and receive updates on the latest changes and dynamics in this area.

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From 13 to 17 August, the PCUz supported the participation of three expert financial appraisers from Uzbekistan in the “Assessor Training Workshop 2018” in Kuala Lumpur, organized by the Asia/Pacific Group on Money Laundering (APG) and the EAG. The training focused on enhancing the skills of potential assessors to participate in assessment teams that will undertake mutual evaluations between 2019 and 2021. The PCUz supported the participation in these events in the framework of the ExB project, “Support to Uzbekistan in combating money laundering and terrorism financing”.

From 22 to 25 October, a study tour to Ankara by the PCUz was organized for four delegates from the GPO and two delegates from the Presidential Administration to enhance collaboration between the FIU of Turkey and of Uzbekistan. The tour, which took place at the invitation of Turkey’s Ministry Participants at the international conference “On the Role of of Treasury and Finance, included visits to this Ministry, the Youth in Preventing and Countering Violent Extremism and Ministry of Justice and the National Police. During these Radicalization that Lead to Terrorism” in Tashkent, 11 June visits, the Turkish counterparts gave presentations on their 2018. (OSCE/Project Co-ordinator in Uzbekistan) approaches and activities in the fields of AML/CFT. The study tour was facilitated within the framework of the project “Support to Uzbekistan in combating money laundering and On 19 and 20 April, in the context of the PCUz’s wider anti- terrorism financing”. terrorism efforts, the PCUz supported the participation of six state officials in a conference on P/C VERLT in Seoul, Republic From 11 to 14 December, in Tashkent, AML/CFT was of Korea. At the conference, which was organized by the MFA the focus of a workshop for regulators and policy-makers of the Republic of Korea in co-operation with the TNTD/ organized by the PCUz in co-operation with the Department ATU and geared at strengthening dialogue and co-operation on Combating Economic Crimes under the GPO and the between the OSCE and the Asian region, representatives EAG. Some 60 participants took part in the workshop, which from the SSS, the MoI, the MFA and the National Guard of aimed at preparing them for the second round of mutual Uzbekistan discussed contemporary challenges and good evaluations by the EAG, a process during which regional practices in P/C VERLT, including those pertaining to online peers evaluate each other’s compliance with international media, youth and gender. The participation of Uzbek officials standards in this sphere. The PCUz support to the workshop was a prelude to a major conference “On the role of youth in was part of its ongoing efforts in assisting the Government of P/C VERLT” co-organized by the PCUz and the Government Uzbekistan in AML/CFT. of Uzbekistan, which was held in Tashkent and Samarkand from 11 and 12 June. Counter-Terrorism & P/C VERLT The PCUz supported the presentation of research results On 24 and 25 April, PCUz supported a Regional Workshop on factors conducive to terrorism. The target group of for Central Asian States on United Nations Security Council this research was Uzbek migrants working in the Russian Resolution (UNSCR) 1540 Legal/Regulatory Requirements for Federation. Over 50 representatives of law enforcement Strategic Trade Controls. The Uzbek participants came from agencies, civil society, private sector, media and the the Ministry of Health; the Centre for Preparing Specialists international community attended the event in Tashkent on on Radiation Safety; the State Inspection on Oversight of Safe 26 February. The research was developed within the new Conduct of Work in Industry, Mining and Domestic Sectors; project “Assistance in development of national capacity in the Ministry of Foreign Trade; the State Customs Committee conducting research on topical issues of regional threats” and the MFA of Uzbekistan. At the workshop, the participants and in close co-operation with the NGO Center for Study of were familiarized with the international obligations under Regional Threats (CSRT). The event was the first undertaken UNSCR 1540 and were provided with a general overview in the framework of this project, which was launched only in of the national laws related to UNSCR 1540 in Kazakhstan, 2018, although the CSRT has been a long-standing partner Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, as well of the PCUz, with whom other joint projects, mainly on as these countries’ challenges and achieved progress in 2016 countering terrorism, were and are implemented. and 2017. Support for the implementation of UNSCR 1540

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has been part of the PCUz’s portfolio since 2013, with current The importance of the event was highlighted by the presence activities being part of the two-year ExB project, “Assistance of high-level contributors, such as the Senate’s First Deputy to the Republic of Uzbekistan in the Implementation of the Chairman, the OSCE Secretary General, the UN Secretary- UN Security Council Resolution 1540”. General’s Envoy on Youth, and the European Union’s Special Representative for Central Asia. Over 200 participants from On 4 and 5 May, 20 and 21 July, 28 and 29 September and 2 23 countries, primarily from Central Asia but also from and 3 November, the PCUz organized national workshops in other countries of the OSCE region and beyond, discussed Tashkent for 25 journalists of all types of media outlets, aimed and shared best practices on how to effectively engage youth at further developing their capacities to cover topics related to in P/C VERLT, including government officials, civil society P/C VERLT. At the workshops, the focus was to develop the representatives, independent experts, representatives of journalists’ skills to use modern multimedia technologies in religious communities and of youth organizations. order to achieve greater coverage among young people. Other key elements of the workshops included how to increase the On the occasion of this conference, within the framework of activity of citizens in P/C VERLT, how to enhance public the PCUz’s anti-terrorism project and in support of the OSCE- control over the manifestations of VERLT through the use wide campaign “United in Countering Violent Extremism of media, and how to strengthen the interaction and social (#UnitedCVE)”, the PCUz organized a “Contest for Youth of partnership between law enforcement agencies and the Central Asia against VERLT”. Young people up to the age of media, including in matters of enhancing a legal culture in 30 from Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan society. and Uzbekistan sent in more than 50 contributions to demonstrate how, in their everyday lives, they tackle various On 10 and 11 May, in the context of the PCUz’s larger anti- means of radicalization that could lead to terrorism. The terrorism efforts, the PCUz facilitated the participation of best proposals from each country were awarded prizes. The four representatives from Uzbekistan in an OSCE-wide contest contributed particularly to strengthening the link Counter-terrorism Conference in Rome. Over the course of between policy and practice, promoting tolerance, mutual two days, representatives from the SSS, MoI and the MFA of respect, pluralism, social inclusion and cohesion as responses Uzbekistan, along with the Director of the NGO Center for to violent extremism, especially among youth. Studying Regional Threats, discussed the potential reasons for the increase in the number of FTFs returning or relocating On 13 and 14 June, the TNTD/BSMU, in close co-operation from conflict zones, as well as how to tackle the issues with the PCUz, held a workshop on establishing an API associated with this at the national level. system in Uzbekistan. The event provided participants with the knowledge and practical skills in detecting and preventing On 30 and 31 May, a workshop on “Prevention, Suppression, the movement of FTF, and the importance of API in these Financing and Tracing of Terrorism, and Responsibility for efforts. The event brought together 45 representatives from its Commitment: The Experience of France” was organized the Aviation Security Department of Uzbekistan Airways, in Tashkent by the PCUz, in co-operation with the French related organs of the police and customs services, the SSS and Embassy and the GPO, for 35 representatives from the Senate the State Personalization Centre, as well as representatives of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the GPO, the from the INTERPOL National Central Bureau (NCB) MoI, the National Guard of Uzbekistan and other actors. At for Uzbekistan. The event represented an important step the workshop, participants learned about France’s mechanism forward in drafting a tailored action plan outlining relevant for combating terrorism, including the organization of technological and operational procedures required for setting a specialized judicial and police system and different up an API system in Uzbekistan. Inputs was given by border investigation procedures, with the aim to further develop control officers from Australia, Hungary and the United their knowledge and capacities in countering terrorism. States, as well as from Uzbekistan Airways representatives who shared their experience in implementing API systems. On 11 and 12 June, the “International Conference on the Role of Youth in Preventing and Countering Violent Extremism On 25 and 26 June, in Tashkent, preventing human rights and Radicalization that Lead to Terrorism (VERLT)” took violations in effective counter-terrorism policing was the place in Tashkent and Samarkand. The major goals of this focus of a training workshop held by the OSCE/ODIHR in event included raising awareness and formulating policy close co-operation with the PCUz. More than 20 experts from recommendations on the need to engage and empower youth the Uzbek police, the GPO and the SSS participated in the in P/C VERLT. The two-day event was organized by the event. The dynamic and very interactive training programme PCUz in co-operation with the Senate of the Oliy Majlis of focused on a broad range of human rights questions related to the Republic of Uzbekistan and with the support of the UN. practical aspects of the work carried out by counter-terrorism

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law enforcement officers. The training provided participants commitments under the project “Assisting the Republic of with the opportunity to analyse practical setbacks that Uzbekistan in fighting against terrorism. Phase 2”. counter-terrorism policing may face if implemented in violation of human rights, and to realize how, contrary to On 1 and 2 November, a pre-training needs assessment visit many assumptions, the observance of international human to Uzbekistan by a researcher of the Asia-Pacific Foundation rights standards contributes to the overall effectiveness of based in the United States and two researchers of the Civil such investigations. Prior to the training, in April, ODIHR Initiative on Internet Policy (a Kyrgyzstan-based NGO) carried out a pre-training needs assessment visit to Tashkent. was organized by the PCUz, in close co-operation with the Based on the results of this assessment, the course was TNTD/ATU. During the visit, the experts met representatives tailored to the local context and needs. of several embassies accredited in Uzbekistan, as well as a number of state and non-state agencies dealing with counter- On 28 and 29 June, the PCUz supported the participation terrorism issues. The pre-training needs assessment forms of representatives from the GPO, the MoI, the SSS, the Oliy part of the PCUz’s ongoing efforts to support the government Majlis, as well as judges of several courts in a Central Asian in its fight against terrorism and extremism, activities which seminar held in Almaty, Kazakhstan on “Countering the are currently undertaken within the framework of the project Use of the Internet for Terrorist Purposes”. The event was “Assisting the Republic of Uzbekistan in fighting against organized by the TNTD/ATU in close co-operation with terrorism. Phase 2”. the OSCE Programme Office in Nur-Sultan. Over 50 experts from Central Asia, international organizations, academia and On 5 November, the implementation of a PCUz project the private sector participated in the seminar, together with supporting Uzbekistan in promoting human rights-compliant representatives from the OSCE Secretariat and all five OSCE national counter-terrorism policies and building the country’s field operations based in Central Asia. The seminar facilitated capacity to P/C VERLT was the focus of a co-ordination discussions on issues, such as the applicable legal frameworks meeting of the Countering Terrorism Working Group, in Central Asian countries in countering the use of the internet organized in Tashkent by the PCUz. The main purpose of this for terrorist purposes, the use of open source intelligence, and meeting was to discuss the planning of joint activities in 2019. the protection and recovery of forensic data in investigations The Countering Terrorism Working Group consists of eight of crimes related to the misuse of the internet by terrorists experts from the Legislative (lower) Chamber of the Oliy and violent extremist groups. Majlis, the MFA, the MIA, the SSS and the GPO.

On 9 and 10 October, the PCUz supported the participation of On 6 and 7 November, a Regional Expert Working Group three experts from the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis, Meeting on the role of civil society in P/C VERLT was the SSS and the Ministry for Development of Information organized by the PCUz in Tashkent, in close co-operation Technologies and Communications (MITC) in a high-level with TNTD/ATU. The meeting served as a follow-up to conference in Minsk, Belarus, on “Preventing and Countering the International Conference on the Role of Youth in P/C Terrorism in the Digital Age”. At the conference, the Uzbek VERLT, held in Tashkent and Samarkand on 11 and 12 June, delegation acquainted itself with the implementation and built on the draft recommendations stemming from the modalities of the OSCE framework against terrorism in the conference. The aim of the meeting was to develop a good digital age, the importance of public-private partnerships, practice handbook on engaging civil society in P/C VERLT and the protection of critical infrastructure against terrorist efforts. The meeting was attended by 33 key civil society attacks emanating from cyberspace. experts, practitioners and researchers in the sphere of P/C VERLT in order to ensure context and relevance and to On 1 and 2 November, the PCUz supported the participation supplement the handbook with good examples and case of a representative from the Committee for State Border studies. The meeting was organized within the framework of Protection of the SSS and an expert from the MFA at the the project “Assisting the Republic of Uzbekistan in fighting second OSCE-wide “Seminar on Passenger Data Exchange”, against terrorism. Phase 2”. held in Vienna. The event focused on increasing participating States’ knowledge on international obligations related From 16 to 20 December, a study visit to Israel was organized to border management, including UN Security Council by the PCUz in close co-ordination with the Embassy of Israel Resolution 2396, and paid particular attention to the collection to Uzbekistan, focusing on further capacity-building for of passenger data and biometric information through the Uzbek stakeholders in the field of preventing and countering API and PNR systems while underlining the importance terrorism. Eight experts from the Legislative Chamber of the of information-sharing at the national and international Oliy Majlis, the SSS, the MFA, the MoI, GPO, Committee for levels. The PCUz supported their participation as part of its Religious Affairs under the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic

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of Uzbekistan and civil society representatives participated in From 12 to 15 June, the PCUz conducted, together with the the visit. The visiting delegation met the most senior veterans OSCE Centre in Ashgabat, an anti-drug study tour to Italy. of the Israeli intelligence and security establishment working The activity was organized in close co-operation with the at the International Institute for Counter-Terrorism, which is Italian Embassy to Uzbekistan and the Central Directorate one of the leading academic institutes for counter-terrorism for Anti-Drug Services of the MoI of Italy. The study tour in the world. The experts visited the Sarona Market to learn was attended by four Uzbek law enforcement representatives about security concepts and physical protection, the Ben- from the SSS, the State Border Security Committee, the MoI, Gurion Airport to see how aviation security is provided and the Customs Committee of Uzbekistan. The participants in Israel, had a meeting at the MFA of Israel to learn their learned about successful practices in combating illicit drug perspective on international co-operation regarding counter- circulation. Special focus was given to investigative techniques terrorism, and visited the Knesset (Israel’s parliament) and the and co-operation in the fight against drug trafficking carried Jerusalem City Hall to learn about security issues. out by sea, by train and by air. Four anti-drug experts from Turkmenistan also took part in the tour. Illicit Drugs and Chemical Precursors On 22 January, on the eve of the International Day against Drug On 16 and 17 July, in Termez, and on 18 and 19 July, in Abuse, the PCUz organized a national roundtable discussion Samarkand, the PCUz organized two seminars on national in Tashkent on an anti-drug campaign in the Central Asian regulation and preventive measures in the fight against region proposed by the TNTD/SPMU. Over 20 participants the illicit trafficking of drugs and chemical precursors for from different state and non-state agencies brainstormed representatives of law enforcement agencies, medical staff, and discussed possible activities to strengthen action and and regional administration officials of the Surkhandarya co-operation, contributing to the goal of an international and Samarkand provinces. The events were held in Termez society free of drug abuse. The idea of launching an OSCE- (50 participants), and in Samarkand (55 participants). wide online campaign against drugs is to promote healthy and Special attention was placed on preventing drug abuse drug-free lifestyles among youth by organizing joint sporting among young people and on the detection of drug dealers events in the Central Asian region. and new psychotropic substances. The workshops were held in the framework of the PCUz project, “Providing assistance From 22 to 27 March, the PCUz supported a study visit to to the host country in countering illicit circulation of drugs. Belarus for four representatives of the National Information- Phase 5”. Analytical Center on Drug Control (NIACD) under the Cabinet of Ministers, the State Customs Committee, theMinistry of On 16 and 17 July, the PCUz supported the participation of Health and the MoI. The event was part of the PCUz project the Director and two other representatives of the NIACD on “Assistance to the Fight against Illicit Drug Circulation and in the 2018 OSCE-wide Conference “Strategic Approaches Expansion. Phase 5”. It focused on the experience of Belarusian to the Reduction of Supply and Demand of Illicit Drugs”, law enforcement agencies and medical centres in combating held in Vienna. At the conference, the delegation presented the trafficking of drugs, including of psychotropic substances. information on the situation in Uzbekistan, including best practices and lessons learned, and took part in an information On 17 and 18 May, a workshop on the use of psychoactive exchange with other relevant actors in the OSCE area. On the substances was organized in Tashkent by the PCUz for margins of the conference, the Center Director met the OSCE 18 representatives of the Drug Abuse Prevention Centre, Co-ordinator of Activities to Address Transnational Threats including for medical staff and social workers. The workshop to discussed the state of Uzbekistan’s co-operation with the aimed at increasing the participants’ knowledge on how OSCE on this issue and potential areas of expansion. to improve statistical reporting. Additional discussions concentrated on the use of new psychoactive substances in On 20 and 21 December, the PCUz, jointly with the NIACD, Tashkent and cases of consumption of NPS in the Samarkand organized a seminar in Tashkent for 14 experts from all province. The workshop was implemented within the provinces of Uzbekistan in charge of implementing a country- framework of the PCUz project, “Assistance to the Fight wide programme on fighting illicit drug circulation. The against Illicit Drug Circulation and Expansion”. participants discussed national regulations and preventive measures supporting the fight against the illicit trafficking of drugs and chemical precursors.

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Trafficking in Human Beings & Migration- child trafficking and to protect minors by implementing related Crime recommendations aimed at establishing sustainable From 25 to 28 March, the SR/CTHB visited Uzbekistan to mechanisms to ensure respect for children’s human rights and discuss the country’s progress in implementing the OSCE to combat child trafficking. anti-trafficking commitments since the SR’s previous visit in November 2013. With the support of the PCUz, the SR From 24 to 28 September, the PCUz supported the held in-depth discussions with high-level officials from both participation of five representatives of the Supreme Court, the central and local-level institutions, including the Deputy GPO, the MoI and the anti-trafficking NGO Istiqbolli Avlod Prime Minister, the Deputy Chairperson of the Senate as experts and participants in the OSCE live-action anti- (higher chamber of the parliament), the Chairperson of trafficking exercise in Kazakhstan. More than 50 professionals the Interagency Anti-Trafficking Commission, the Deputy from law enforcement agencies, labour inspectorates, Minister of Employment and Labour Relations, the Supreme financial investigative units, prosecutorial offices, NGOs and Court and the GPO of Uzbekistan. In addition, the SR had social services from 14 OSCE participating States took part a meeting with the network of anti-trafficking NGOs and in the one-week simulation exercise in the Akmola Province. international partners based in Tashkent. The SR also visited Alongside colleagues from Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Bukhara, where she met the Deputy Head of the Province Tajikistan, the attending Uzbek experts were able to provide Administration, the Mayor of Bukhara, and the territorial their input and ensure that all the developed scenarios were branch of the Regional Anti-Trafficking Commission, and adapted into the context of Uzbekistan. visited the NGO-run Bukhara Crisis Centre for Women. From 10 to 19 October, the PCUz, in co-operation On 23 and 24 April, the PCUz supported the participation of with ODIHR, organized a study tour for eight Uzbek four Uzbek officials from the Supreme Court, the GPO, the representatives to Georgia and Spain focused on successful MFA, the Women’s Committee and the NGO Istiqbolli Avlod practices in combating THB for the purposes of sexual and in the 18th OSCE Alliance against Trafficking in Persons labour exploitation. The participants included officials from Conference in Vienna. The conference fits into the PCUz anti- the Presidential Administration, the MFA and MoI, the GPO, trafficking project, “Support to Further Development of the the Tashkent City Court, the NHRC, and representatives from National Institutional Framework and Operational Capacity the Women’s Committee and the NGO Istiqbolli Avlod. The to address Trafficking in Human Beings in Uzbekistan”, and goal of the study tour was to share promising practices used in its goal of promoting the importance of inclusive partnerships Georgia and Spain to successfully prevent, identify, investigate, to further enhance a comprehensive and multi-dimensional prosecute and provide assistance in cases that involve THB for response to the crime of human trafficking. the purposes of sexual and labour exploitation, and to protect victims. Additionally, it aimed to promote the partnership From 14 to 18 May and from 16 to 21 July, two PCUz training between Georgia, Spain, Uzbekistan, the PCUz and ODIHR. courses on anti-trafficking for investigators and operative The study tour was organized within the framework of the agents of Uzbekistan’s police were held in the Urgench and project, “Support to further development of the national Fergana regions, involving police investigators from eight institutional framework and operational capacity to address regions of Uzbekistan. The training’s objective was to develop trafficking in human beings in Uzbekistan”. the participants’ relevant skills and attitudes in identifying victims of human trafficking and labour exploitation, in order Cybercrime to be able to refer them to the appropriate legal, social and On 27 March, the PCUz hosted the monthly meeting of psychological assistance bodies. Particular attention was paid the Implementation Working Group for the project on to new forms and methods of recruiting potential victims “Assistance to the Republic of Uzbekistan in developing of human trafficking. Furthermore, the training took an national capacities to counter transnational Information and innovative approach by exploring the link between human Communications Technologies (ICT) threats”. The meeting trafficking and terrorism. gathered representatives of the Oliy Majlis, the MFA, the MITC, law enforcement agencies, and the private sector. At On 28 and 29 May, with support of the PCUz, three the meeting, it was officially announced that Uzbekistan was representatives from the Supreme Court, the MFA and the in compliance with paragraph 8 of the PC.DEC/1202 of from NGO Istiqbolli Avlod participated in the first Supplementary 10 March 2016, on OSCE Confidence-Building Measures to Human Dimension Meeting on the topic of “Child Trafficking Reduce the Risks of Conflict Steaming from the use of ICT, – From Prevention to Protection”, held in Vienna. During which stipulates to establish a contact point to facilitate the event, discussions focused on the need to prevent pertinent communications and dialogue on the security of

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and in the use of ICTs. The contact point was established with Border Security and Management / support of the PCUz. Customs On 7 and 8 May, with the support of the PCUz, two From 1 to 5 October, a study visit to The Hague and Brussels representatives of the State Border Committee of the Republic was organized by the PCUz, in close co-ordination with the of Uzbekistan attended a regional seminar in Ashgabat on TNTD, to further build the capacity of Uzbekistan in the field “Security of the State Border in the XXI Century”. During the of countering transnational threats in the area of cyber/ICT. workshop, participants learned more about regional cross- Eight experts representing the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy border co-operation by sharing best practices and discussing Majlis, the Security Council under the President, the MFA, international and regional policy and legal frameworks related the MoI, the SSS, the MITC and two independent experts to security and border management. In addition, the seminar participated in the visit. During the visit, the delegation met served specifically as a platform to enhance the working representatives of The Hague Center for Strategic Studies, The relationships between and among Central Asian countries, Hague Security Delta, the National Cyber Security Center Afghanistan and Azerbaijan, with the goal to contribute to of the Netherlands, the Global Forum on Cyber Expertise, successful cross-border co-operation. the MFA of Belgium, the European External Action Service (EEAS), and Microsoft. From 14 to 18 May, a Central Asian Workshop on “Cross- Border Trafficking in Cultural Property” was organized in Following this successful study visit to The Hague and Tashkent and Samarkand by the PCUz, in co-operation Brussels, the PCUz initiated a meeting of the Cyber Security with TNTD/BSMU. The workshop, which was attended by Working Group on 13 November. At this meeting, the Uzbek representatives of Uzbekistan’s Ministry of Culture, State delegation’s report of the study visit was discussed and a Customs Committee, SSS, as well as actors from other Central road map toward further improving cyber/ICT security in Asian countries, aimed at raising awareness and exploring Uzbekistan was determined. The Working Group consists of new trends and challenges related to illicit trafficking in eight experts from the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis, cultural property and its impact on security and stability in the Security Council under the President, the MFA and MoI, the OSCE area. the SSS, the MITC and two independent experts. On 15 and 16 November, the PCUz and the TNTD/BSMU supported the participation of three representatives of the Committee for State Border Protection of the SSS and

Project Co-ordinator in Uzbekistan – Police-Related Activities in 2018

12 5 Analysis of Lessons Training

Total Learned, Assessments 60 and Guidelines Information Exchange / Institution 43 and Capacity-Building

ACTIVITIES ON:

General Police Development and Reform 12%

Threats posed by Criminal Activity 88%

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the MFA in the OSCE-wide “Workshop on Delimitation and Demarcation Practices in the OSCE area 2018”, held in Athens. During the workshop, participants were given an opportunity to learn more about the legal framework of international borders, as well as about specific national/ bilateral experiences in co-operation related to delimitation and demarcation across the OSCE area.

Other On 17 and 18 October, the PCUz, in co-operation with the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan, organized in Tashkent an international conference on “The democratization of legislation and law enforcement practice in criminal law and criminal proceedings spheres: Experience of Uzbekistan”. The conference brought together officials from the Supreme Court, the GPO, the Ministry of Justice, the Senate (higher chamber) of the Oliy Majlis and the Chamber of Advocates, as well as representatives from academia and various international organizations active in Uzbekistan. Additionally, a number of judges and advocates from the CIS region, Germany and the United States were invited to share best practices. The focus of the conference was the implementation of international criminal justice standards aimed at the systematization and harmonization of criminal procedure legislation, as well as the liberalization of criminal responsibility and punishment. In total, 90 persons participated in the conference.

145 146 Appendices

147  A ppendi x 1

ODIHR Annual Report on Police-Related Activities for 2017 Submitted as appendix to the SG Annual Report on Police-Related Activities, in accordance with Decision 9, paragraph 6, of the Bucharest MC Meeting, 4 December 2001

The Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR) provides police-related assistance to governments and civil society in the OSCE participating States in close co-operation with other OSCE executive structures and international organizations.

Activities Related to General personnel working with Roma, Ashkali and Egyptian Police Development and communities to ensure the protection and promotion of human rights in the course of policing. Reform From 17 to 20 July, ODIHR organized in Zakopane, Poland the first ToT course for 14 participants (seven men, seven women) Community Policing and Police-Public from the Polish regional and national police headquarters and Relations the Police Academy in the town of Szczytno. ODIHR continued working on building trust and understanding between the police and Roma and Sinti, From 27 to 30 November, in Košice, Slovakia, the Office particularly through the implementation of a training delivered a ToT course to 14 participants (eight men, six programme on “Effective and Human Rights-Compliant women) from the Academy of the Police Force in Bratislava Policing in Roma and Sinti Communities”. The training and vocational schools for police officers in Pezinok, Košice programme aims to strengthen the capacity of police officers and Bratislava. working in Roma and Sinti and mixed communities, in line with human rights standards, and to ensure the safety and The training evaluation demonstrated that the participants security of Roma and Sinti people. enhanced their understanding of the importance of building trust between police and Roma and Sinti communities and In 2018, ODIHR developed a ToT programme that aimed at overcoming existing stereotypes against these communities, building the capacity of national police institutions to provide as well as the benefits of complying with human rights independently training on effective and human rights- standards in the policing work. compliant policing in Roma and Sinti communities. Before each training, ODIHR conducted a needs assessment visit in Gender-based and Domestic Violence order to adapt the training curriculum to the national context In September 2018, ODIHR designed a training event to and fine-tune it to the existing challenges affecting relations support police and civil society in the implementation of between police and Roma and Sinti communities. Albania’s first Action Plan on UN Security Council Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace and Security (UNSCR 1325). The From 17 to 19 April, in Prishtinë/Priština, ODIHR provided a event used the momentum of the endorsement of the Action training course for 19 police officers (12 men, seven women) Plan by the government and gathered key implementers (the aimed at strengthening the capacity of law enforcement Albanian police and civil society) one month after the Plan’s

148  Appendix 1

approval. The event aimed at increasing the knowledge and including ten representatives of the MoI (State Secretariat skills of police officers in addressing gender-based violence for Security, National Office for Hate Crimes), National within the framework of UNSCR 1325 and promoting active Police, National Police Education Department and the co-operation between police and civil society organization. Civil Guard (three women and seven men). Following The training included plenary discussions, interactive that, ODIHR proceeded with drafting a Memorandum of exercises and joint working sessions where police and civil Understanding and negotiating modalities of TAHCLE society elaborated co-operation plans to step up responses to implementation in Spain; gender-based violence. • From 29 to 31 August, ODIHR delivered a three-day On 8 and 9 October, ODIHR conducted a training event ToT session for 20 female police officers from eight on “Implementing UNSCR 1325, addressing Gender-based participating States. ODIHR and the ENP co-organized Violence while strengthening police oversight: Training for the event, hosted by the Scottish Police College. The event the Albanian Police and Civil Society”. The event gathered aimed at empowering female police officers and increasing 35 participants (31 women and four men), including their knowledge on addressing hate crimes and learning 20 police officers from different regions of Albania and ODIHR’s teaching techniques used in the TAHCLE 15 representatives from non-governmental organizations, programme. This training session was also a good in their role of oversight of the security sector. Among the opportunity for ODIHR to promote its capacity-building police representatives were gender and diversity specialists programmes in various participating States through the and officers specializing in investigating domestic violence participants of the event; cases. • On 16 October, ODIHR conducted an awareness-raising Hate Crime seminar for senior officials of the Turkish National Police In 2018, ODIHR continued its efforts to support the OSCE and Turkish National Police Academy (TNPA). The event participating States in addressing hate crimes through gathered 22 participants (two women and 20 men). The implementation of its “Training against Hate Crimes for Law workshop was a part of the Memorandum of Understanding Enforcement” (TAHCLE) Programme.1 signed between ODIHR and the TNPA in January 2016 and the final stage of the TAHCLE implementation in The OSCE participating States showed continuous interest Turkey. The Turkish authorities informed ODIHR that the in the TAHCLE programme. Four more participating cascading process was ongoing and the TNPA planned to States expressed preliminary interest in implementing train 380 trainers in total, who would then disseminate it. Two of them are in the process of finalizing negotiations TAHCLE in the form of half-day training sessions to all regarding modalities of the programme implementation; police officers in the country within the next few years as the Memoranda of Understanding will be signed in early a part of in-service training. In parallel, TAHCLE modules 2019. became part of the TNPA standard curriculum for future police officers. TNPA delivers the modules on hate crimes • From 21 to 23 February, ODIHR organized an international within the courses on Criminology, Constitution and ToT on hate crimes in Warsaw, Poland. The event gathered Human Rights; 12 participants (eight women and four men) from eight participating States, invited through the European • From 23 to 25 October, in the framework of preparations for Network of Police Women (ENP) and the Association of the TAHCLE implementation in Georgia, and following an European Police Colleges. The purpose of the training was official request ODIHR received from the Academy of the to promote the TAHCLE as well as other capacity-building Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia on 9 August 2017, programmes and assistance tools, to equip participants ODIHR conducted a Needs Assessment Mission to Tbilisi. with practical instruments to recognize and investigate The visit aimed at assessing the scope and nature of bias- hate crimes. At the event, ODIHR also identified several motivated crimes in Georgia, the capacity of the police and potential trainers, later hired to deliver TAHCLE in the civil society to address such crimes, and understanding the interested participating States; approach to police training and the existing police training system. During the visit, ODIHR took part in the first • On 5 June, ODIHR presented the TAHCLE programme meeting of the National Implementation Working Group, to relevant representatives of the Spanish government, which discussed the training curriculum in detail. ODIHR and the Georgian Ministry of Internal Affairs will sign the 1 www.osce.org/odihr/tahcle Memorandum of Understanding in February 2019;

149  • From 12 to 14 November, following a request from the goal of understanding and improving hate crime recording Slovak Ministry of Interior, ODIHR delivered the second and data collection. The workshops are based on principles ToT on hate crimes in Bratislava. The training gathered 30 in ODIHR’s Hate Crime Data Collection and Monitoring participants (five women and 25 men) from the MoI, the Mechanisms: A Practical Guide.3 Academy of Police Force, the National Counter Terrorism Unit, Secondary Schools of Police Force, Regional • On 8 March, ODIHR facilitated in Vilnius a workshop on Departments of Riot Police and the National Centre improvements to recording hate crime in Lithuania. ODIHR for Human Rights. Supervisors from these institutions co-organized the workshop with the Lithuanian MoI and will then task the participants of the event to deliver the the FRA. The 20 participants (12 women and eight men) training on hate crimes to the colleagues as a part of in- included staff of the MoI, police, judicial administration, service training and to the students of the Police Academy Prosecutor’s Office and NGOs monitoring hate crime. and Regional Secondary Police Schools; At the event, the MoI committed itself to work with the police to implement the most urgent recommendations • From 27 to 29 November, as part of the support given to from the workshop – in particular changes to the police implement and cascade the TAHCLE programme in Italy, ICT systems for registering crimes. The resulting report, ODIHR delivered a three-day ToT on hate crimes to 25 compiled by ODIHR and FRA, summarized the meeting’s participants (13 women and 12 men) from the National recommendations; Police and Carabinieri from various parts of Italy. This was the second training event held in Italy, organized by • On 13 and 14 March, ODIHR co-organized with the ODIHR in co-operation with the Italian Observatory FRA and the Ministry of Justice in Lisbon two events for Security against Discriminatory Acts (OSCAD). The on hate crimes for officials from various Portuguese law trained trainers will continue disseminating TAHCLE enforcement and criminal justice, as well as victim support across the country with the support of OSCAD; bodies. Twenty-six participants (14 men and 12 women) attended the awareness-raising workshop for high-ranking • On 11 December, ODIHR co-organized, with the officials on 13 March. The workshop on hate crime data on Czech Republic’s Government Agent for Human 14 March brought together 23 participants (14 men and Rights, an Awareness-raising Seminar on Hate nine women) for a focused discussion on current systems Crimes, which gathered 43 experts (21 women and for registration of crimes and potential improvements to 22 men).2 Participants included representatives of these systems, enabling correct recording of hate crimes the Government Office, Deputy Minister of Justice, by various Portuguese police forces. Managers and Director of the General Inspection of Security Forces working level staff of the same criminal justice bodies (an independent police oversight authority), as well as attended this meeting. The workshops led to a joint representatives of the MoI, the Police Presidium and ODIHR-FRA report with technical recommendations civil society organizations. The seminar focused on the for Portuguese authorities. ODIHR continues engaging comprehensive approach to addressing hate crimes. The with the authorities on the implementation of these participants discussed the impact of hate crimes on the recommendations; victims and their specific needs throughout and beyond the criminal proceedings, the need to record and collect • On 22 March, ODIHR facilitated in Warsaw a workshop hate crime data, and to build the capacities of police and on hate crime recording and data collection, co-organized prosecution in investigating and prosecuting hate crimes. with the MoI and Administration and the FRA. The Besides the ongoing collaboration between ODIHR and workshop brought together twenty participants (nine the Prosecutor General on future implementation of women and 11 men), comprising police hate crime co- the Prosecutors and Hate Crime Training (PAHCT), ordinators, staff from General Police Headquarters, and implementation of TAHCLE with the police was crime statistics focal points from the Ministry of Justice discussed and further steps to be undertaken by ODIHR and Prosecutor General’s Office. The aim of the workshop were agreed upon. was to look for possible improvements in police recording of hate crimes in Poland, with a specific focus on the In 2018, ODIHR also continued co-operation with the work of police hate crime co-ordinators. The workshop participating States on improving their hate crime data produced a number of practical ideas for changes in the collection systems. The Office organized workshops in ICT infrastructure used by frontline police to register hate Hungary, Lithuania, Poland, Portugal and Slovakia with the crime cases;

2 See www.osce.org/odihr/406352. 3 See www.osce.org/odihr/datacollectionguide.

150  Appendix 1

• On 15 May, ODIHR facilitated in Bratislava a workshop on was the development of the generic “Manual on Joint Hate understanding and improvements to hate crime recording Crime Training for Police and Prosecutors5”, presented at and data collection, co-organized with the Slovak MoI and the closing conference of the project on 14 November in the FRA. The 17 participants (five women and 12 men) Vienna. included staff of the MoI, police, Prosecutor General’s Office, Ministry of Justice and civil society organizations In 2018, ODIHR continued to strengthen, through its “Turning monitoring hate crime. The participants discussed in detail Words into Action to Address Anti-Semitism” (WiA) project, the shortcomings of the current system to record hate the capacity of OSCE participating States and civil society to crimes and collect data, as well as possible improvements. prevent and respond to anti-Semitism. The project’s security The MoI and the police committed themselves to component assists law enforcement officials in addressing implement the recommendations from the workshop. the security needs of Jewish communities. ODIHR translated Following the event, ODIHR and the FRA drafted a report its Guide, Understanding Anti-Semitic Hate Crimes and summarizing the main issues and recommendations. In Addressing the Security Needs of Jewish Communities6, into implementing the workshop’s recommendations, before nine languages. The Office has customized the Guide to the the end of 2018, the Slovak Police President issued a Bulgarian, French and Greek national contexts, based on methodological guidance on investigating hate crimes; needs assessment missions. During the past year, ODIHR held five national capacity-building events based on the Guide • On 6 and 7 December, ODIHR, the FRA and Hungary’s in Bulgaria, France, Greece, Poland and Slovakia, as well as MoI co-organized in Budapest a two-day workshop on one local implementation event in Germany and one regional hate crime recording and data collection for officials from event in the Western Balkans. These events brought together Hungarian law enforcement and criminal justice agencies. Jewish community security focal points with relevant law The workshop brought together 20 participants (14 men enforcement authorities to discuss how they can co-operate and six women), including police investigators, hate so that the security needs of Jewish communities are met. crime specialists and a hate crime co-ordinator from the police headquarters; officers from riot police, intelligence Public Order and Crisis Management agencies, prosecutors and justice statisticians; as well as In 2018, ODIHR concluded its fourth cycle of assembly a representative of a civil-society organization working monitoring to identify gaps and challenges, as well as with victims of anti-LGBT hate crime. Following the examples of good practices, in how participating States meet event, ODIHR and the FRA drafted a report summarizing their commitments on freedom of peaceful assembly. ODIHR recommendations to the Hungarian authorities and monitors (ten women and five men) observed ten assemblies provided it (through the MoI) to the chief of police for in three participating States: Canada, Lithuania and Norway. implementation; The main findings and recommendations of the monitoring exercises will be published in a thematic report in the first • In the framework of its “Building a Comprehensive quarter of 2019. Criminal Justice Response to Hate Crime” project, ODIHR organized three joint training sessions on hate ODIHR has also been supporting the assembly monitoring crime for police officers and prosecutors in Bulgaria. of other independent observers. In 2018, 29 civil society Thirty-five police officers (31 men and four women) and members from Belarus, Georgia, the Russian Federation, 36 prosecutors (11 men and 25 women) from Plovdiv, Turkey and Ukraine (16 women and 13 men) and 89 staff Sofia and Veliko Tarnovo attended the training sessions, members (26 women and 63 men) from the OSCE Mission which were based on ODIHR’s TAHCLE and PAHCT in Kosovo participated in ODIHR training workshops that programmes but customized to the needs of Bulgaria. The helped them increase their skills in independent assembly evaluation of the event demonstrated that participants had monitoring techniques. Twenty-six representatives of civil raised their awareness and comprehension of the meaning society groups and OSCE field operations (15 women and of prejudice, stereotype, discrimination and hate crime. 11 men) from 16 OSCE participating States exchanged The lessons learned from the training sessions were used experiences and identified ways of co-operation at ODIHR’s to develop the Manual on Joint Hate Crime Training for third assembly monitoring roundtable event. Police and Prosecutors – Intended for use in Bulgaria4, which was promoted at a workshop on 12 June in Sofia. ODIHR aims to increase the knowledge and skills of law High-level representatives of the Bulgarian MoI attended. enforcement authorities in facilitating assemblies, while A result from the joint training of police and prosecutors 5 The Manual is available in English at www.osce.org/odihr/402296?download=true. 4 The Manual is available in English and Bulgarian at www.osce.org/odihr/402275. 6 The Guide is available at www.osce.org/odihr/317166.

151  upholding human rights. In 2018, in Kyiv, the Office Activities Related to Threats launched the Ukrainian-language version of its Human Rights Handbook on Policing Assemblies7. ODIHR also translated Posed by Criminal Activity this Handbook into Bosnian, Croatian, Macedonian and Serbian. Forty-eight senior police officers from Bosnia and Herzegovina, North Macedonia and Montenegro (44 men Counter-Terrorism & P/C VERLT and four women) and 15 law enforcement trainers (eight In 2018, ODIHR continued to provide through its Human women and seven men) from Ukraine took part in ODIHR- Rights and Anti-Terrorism Programme a broad range of run training workshops, which helped them build their skills activities, including expert advice and policy guidance as well on human rights-compliant policing of assemblies. as capacity-building for law enforcement officers, to assist the OSCE participating States in the implementation of human Other, including co-ordination and co- rights-compliant counter-terrorism policies and practices. operation Following the publication of its Guidelines for Public Security The May 2018 OSCE-wide Counter-Terrorism Conference Providers in Elections8 in 2017, ODIHR proceeded in 2018 in Rome, dedicated to the new challenges connected to the with the standardized use of these guidelines in its election reverse flow of FTFs, and a side event ODIHR organized at observation missions whenever the role of the police was the margins of the conference, also provided valuable input assessed. for this document.

From 22 to 24 May, ODIHR organized a training workshop in Fuenlabrada, Spain, which focused on the intrinsic link between respecting human rights and the effectiveness of measures to P/C VERLT.9 During the two-and-a-half day workshop, 22 mid- to higher-level officers from the Spanish local police forces (20 men and two women) analyzed the risks originating from human rights violations and their 7 Available at www.osce.org/odihr/226981. 8 See www.osce.org/odihr/elections/339581. 9 See www.osce.org/odihr/324871.

ODIHR – Police-Related Activities 2018

27

Total Analysis of Lessons Training 22 74 Learned, Assessments Information and Guidelines Exchange / Institution 25 and Capacity-Building

ACTIVITIES ON:

General Police Development and Reform 82%

Threats posed by Criminal Activity 18%

152  Appendix 1

negative impact on the short and long-term effectiveness of on ODIHR’s Countering Terrorism, Protecting Human Rights12 policing practices. The subjects discussed included safeguards manual and the outcomes of a pre-training assessment visit to for the treatment of suspects in detention, police engagement Tashkent ODIHR conducted in April 2018. with local communities and detrimental effects of stereotypes in policies and practices to prevent and counter VERLT. On 12 September, ODIHR published its Guidelines for The workshop built on ODIHR’s standard human rights Addressing the Threats and Challenges of Foreign Terrorist and counter-terrorism training curriculum, tailored to the Fighters within a Human Rights Framework.13 The document local context and competences of local police forces in Spain provides States with policy recommendations and supporting on the basis of an ODIHR assessment visit to Fuenlabrada analysis on key human rights issues that they must grapple with in March 2018. Additional modules from ODIHR and the as they seek to respond to the challenges of FTFs consistently OSCE Secretariat guidebook on Preventing Terrorism and with human rights and the rule of law. The analysis and Countering Violent Extremism and Radicalization that Lead recommendations draw on ODIHR research as well as advice to Terrorism: A Community Policing Approach complemented and input obtained from a broad range of experts, including at the curriculum10. a workshop on the topic hosted in Warsaw on 25 and 26 April 2017, and a subsequent distance peer review with meeting On 14 and 15 May, ODIHR co-hosted with TNTD and the participants and other key stakeholders conducted in spring OSCE Mission to Bosnia and Herzegovina a pilot training 2018. course for Bosnian police officers on the use of community policing in the prevention of VERLT. The event was organized On 13 and 14 November, in Madrid, and from 19 to 23 in Sarajevo as part of a joint TNTD and ODIHR project to November, in Tirana, ODIHR delivered a series of training develop a standardized training curriculum for community workshops on human rights and counter-terrorism issues to police officers on the basis of the OSCE Guidebook on Spanish and Albanian law enforcement officers. The training Preventing Terrorism and Countering Violent Extremism and workshops included one standard course on “Complying with Radicalization that Lead to Terrorism: A Community Policing Human Rights and Effectively Countering Terrorism” held Approach. The course gathered 20 community policing in Tirana and two advanced courses on “Human Rights in officers from the Canton Sarajevo (15 men and five women) Counter Terrorism Investigations”, one held in Madrid and and was delivered by two external trainers from the United the other in Tirana. The advanced courses were held jointly by Kingdom and Poland. Representatives of local communities ODIHR and the SPMU on the basis of a training curriculum in Sarajevo, including youth and academia, took part in related to their joint publication, Human Rights in Counter- some of the training sessions and exchanged views on their Terrorism Investigations – A Practical Manual for Law co-operation with community police forces. Following the Enforcement Officers.14 The two training workshops in Albania training sessions, project partners evaluated and reviewed the gathered 31 participants (26 men, five women) from the training curriculum and its materials, which will be finalized Albanian State Police Directorate and the State Intelligence after a second pilot training in 2019. Service. The training event in Spain was attended by 18 participants (15 men, three women), which included police On 25 and 26 June, ODIHR delivered in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, officers from the Spanish National Police, the Civil Guard and a two-day course on the basis of its standard training regional police forces from two regions of Spain. All three curriculum on “Complying with Human Rights and Effectively courses were interactive and operationally oriented, linking Countering Terrorism”.11 The course brought together 22 human rights considerations to the daily tasks of counter- participants (20 men and two women) from the Uzbek police terrorism law-enforcement officers. Human rights experts and security services. ODIHR staff, together with a former from ODIHR together with external counter-terrorism police counter-terrorism police officer from the United States, experts from the United Kingdom and the United States facilitated the sessions. The training highlighted how policing delivered the courses. These workshops formed part of the practices that fail to respect human rights may jeopardize the OSCE’s capacity-building activities for law enforcement overall effectiveness of States’ efforts to counter terrorism. officers on human rights and counter-terrorism issues that In line with the curriculum’s teaching methodology the took place in both countries in previous years. courses combined individual and group exercises, engaging participants in interactive and practice-oriented activities Throughout 2018, ODIHR continued to work closely with closely linked to their operative duties. The training was built the ATU, OSCE field operations and international partners

10 Available in English, Russian, Albanian, Bosnian, Serbian and Arabic at: www.osce. 12 The manual is available in English and Russian at: www.osce.org/odihr/29103. org/atu/111438. 13 The publication is available at: www.osce.org/odihr/393503. 11 See www.osce.org/odihr/385869. 14 Available in English and Russian at: www.osce.org/odihr/108930.

153  on P/C VERLT and counter terrorism-related activities in different parts of the OSCE region. ODIHR staff participated as panellists or moderators in a number of national, regional and international seminars and conferences, for example on P/C VERLT and on the use of the internet for terrorist purposes, organized by ATU and the OSCE field operations in Central Asia and the Western Balkans. ODIHR contributed dedicated human rights expertise to those events with a view to promoting human rights compliance in countering terrorism and P/C VERLT in the countries concerned and promoted human rights-based approaches in addressing related threats in accordance with the OSCE’s comprehensive concept of security.

Border Security and Management / Customs

From 9 to 10 October, ODIHR conducted a training workshop for law enforcement officers on the “Protection of the rights of migrants and refugees in line with the OSCE commitments and international legal standards” in Tbilisi, Georgia. Twenty- six representatives (18 men and eight women) from the border police, the patrol police, the Migration Department and the MoI Academy of Georgia attended the training.

On 25 October 2018, ODIHR participated in the OSCE Border Security Management Training for Mediterranean Partners for Co-operation organized in Madrid by the BSMU together with Spain’s National Police. ODIHR presented human rights- compliant approaches to maritime interception and the use of gender-sensitive interviewing techniques.

154 APPENDIX 2

OSCE main Co-operation Partners on Police-Related Activities

In 2018, the OSCE executive structures, on the basis of the • Financial Action Task Force (FATF) Platform for Co-operative Security of 1999, continued to co-operate with the UN, its structures, and other relevant • Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed international and regional organizations on police-related Forces (DCAF) activities. Other major international and regional partner organizations in 2018 included: • International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)

• Central Asian Regional Information and Coordination • International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL) Centre for Combating Illicit Trafficking of Narcotic Drugs, Psychotropic Substances and their Precursors • International Organization for Migration (IOM) (CARICC) • Police Cooperation Convention for Southeast Europe • Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) (PCC SEE)

• Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) • Southeast European Law Enforcement Center (SELEC)

• Council of Europe (CoE) • United Nations Department of Peacekeeping Operations (UNDPKO) • Eurasian Group on Combating Money Laundering and Financing of Terrorism (EAG) • United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)

• European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex) • United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC)

• European Cybercrime Training and Education Group • United States International Criminal Investigative (ECTEG) Training Assistance Program (ICITAP)

• European External Action Service (EEAS)

• European Union (EU)

• European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Cooperation (Europol)

• European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Training (CEPOL)

155 156  Appendix 2

APPENDIX 3

OSCE MC and PC Decisions and Action Plans with a Focus on Police-Related Activities

Taskings on police-related issues are contained in OSCE The Bucharest Plan of Action for Combating Terrorism Summit Decisions as well as in the growing list of Decisions of (2001), adopted on the same occasion as the above Decision the Ministerial Council and the Permanent Council, including on police-related activities, recognized the need to assist a number of OSCE Action Plans. participating States, on their request, through measures to combat trafficking in human beings, drugs and small arms The latest comprehensive set of OSCE mandates on police- and light weapons, in accordance with relevant Permanent related activities was adopted in 2012 with the Dublin Council decisions. This assistance could also include MC Decision No. 4/12 on the OSCE’s Efforts to Address provision of advice and assistance on restructuring and/or Transnational Threats, which endorsed four PC decisions reconstruction of police services; monitoring and training from 2012, including the OSCE Strategic Framework for of existing police services, including human rights training; Police-Related Activities (PC.DEC/1049) and the OSCE and capacity-building, including support for integrated or Concept for Combating the Threat of Illicit Drugs and the multi-ethnic police services. To this end, the plan of action Diversion of Chemical Precursors (PC.DEC/1048). With acknowledged the requirement for reinforcing existing police- the adoption of these decisions, the participating States related activities in conflict prevention, crisis management reaffirmed the key role that OSCE police-related activities and post-conflict rehabilitation. play in the Organization’s efforts to address threats to security and stability posed by criminal activity, as well as its efforts in In its Decision No. 448 (2001), the Permanent Council decided the areas of conflict prevention, crisis management and post- to establish the seconded post of Senior Police Adviser in the conflict rehabilitation in the OSCE area. OSCE Secretariat.

The Charter for European Security adopted by the Istanbul In the Declaration on Trafficking in Human Beings adopted Summit Meeting (1999) represents the platform for the by the Tenth Ministerial Council of the OSCE (Porto 2002), OSCE involvement in policing. It contains the commitment its members called on participating States to enhance of the OSCE participating States to enhance the OSCE’s international co-operation in combating criminal acts such role in civilian police-related activities as an integral part as trafficking in drugs and arms, as well as smuggling of of the Organization’s efforts in conflict prevention, crisis migrants. They emphasized the need to include in this co- management and post-conflict rehabilitation. Such activities operation international law enforcement bodies such as may comprise the following: (1) police monitoring, including Europol and INTERPOL, as well as the Southeast European to prevent police from discriminating due to religious and Cooperative Initiative (SECI), with a view to investigating and ethnic identity; (2) police training, which could, inter alia, aim prosecuting those responsible for trafficking in human beings to improve the operational and tactical capabilities of local in accordance with domestic law and, where applicable, police services and reform paramilitary forces, provide new international obligations. In this regard, they also asked the and modern policing skills, such as community policing, and Senior Police Adviser to devote increased attention to the anti-drug, anti-corruption and anti-terrorist capacities, create fight against trafficking in human beings. a police service with a multi-ethnic and/or multi-religious composition that can enjoy the confidence of the entire This tasking was further detailed in the OSCE Action Plan population; and (3) promoting respect for human rights and to Combat Trafficking in Human Beings, which requested fundamental freedoms in general. the SPMU to further promote the concept of community policing and facilitate the exchange of information between The Ninth Ministerial Council in Bucharest (2001) declared participating States on best practices to be used by relevant the OSCE’s decision to increase and promote cooperation investigating units to check the possibly criminal and among participating States in countering new security trafficking-related origin of suspicious assets. The SPMU challenges, including by providing advice or arranging for was also tasked to continue developing training materials for the provision of expert advice on requirements for effective law enforcement on trafficking and sex crimes investigation, policing (needs assessments) and how to meet them, and identify law enforcement trainers to conduct training, and encouraging where appropriate the exchange of information facilitate the funding of training sessions for law enforcement among and between participating States regarding lessons authorities in OSCE participating States. learned and best policing practices in countering these new security challenges.

157  One of the aspects of policing of ethnic minorities was improving and promoting the functioning of criminal justice addressed by the OSCE Action Plan on Improving the systems. Situation of Roma and Sinti within the OSCE Area (2003). The SPMU was tasked to assist participating States in developing Ljubljana Ministerial Decision No. 15/05 on Preventing and programmes and CBMs, such as community policing, to Combating Violence against Women urged participating improve the relations between Roma and Sinti people and States, with support and assistance of the OSCE, to take all the police, particularly at the local level, and to produce a necessary legislative, policy and programmatic monitoring compilation of police best practices in the OSCE region and evaluation measures to promote and protect full with respect to policing and Roma and Sinti communities. enjoyment of the human rights of women, and to prevent and Another established task was to assist the participating States combat all forms of gender-based violence against them. The in developing codes of conduct to prevent racial profiling and decision also tasked the Permanent Council to encourage the improve inter-ethnic relations. development by relevant OSCE institutions and structures of programmes, projects and policies to assist participating The OSCE Strategy to Address Threats to Security and States, at their request, in combating violence against women Stability in the Twenty-First Century, adopted by the 11th and girls and providing assistance to victims. Ministerial Council in Maastricht in 2003 stated that the SPMU was set up to improve the capacity of participating The Ljubljana Ministerial Council also adopted the OSCE States to address threats posed by criminal activity and Border Security and Management Concept, which first to assist them in upholding the rule of law. The aim was to and foremost provides participating States with a political enhance key policing skills, including respect for human framework for their co-operation on border-related issues. rights and fundamental freedoms. It provides objectives and principles for this cooperation and finally defines modalities for OSCE activities in this area. The 2004 OSCE Action Plan for the Promotion of Gender The OSCE “acts upon the request of participating States” to Equality, adopted by the 12th Ministerial Council of the OSCE ensure dialogue on border-related issues through, inter alia, (Sofia 2004), urged the participating States, the Secretariat, “exchange of information, experience and best practices”, the institutions and field operations to ensure that a gender establishment of a National Focal Points Network, holding of perspective is integrated into OSCE activities, programmes workshops and conferences. and projects. The aim shall be to promote the practice of gender equality in the OSCE area, which is essential to Permanent Council Decision No. 758 Enhancing International comprehensive security. In this context, the SPMU was Anti-Drug Co-operation (2006) tasked the Secretary General specifically tasked to enhance its project development to assist and relevant OSCE institutions with providing participating participating States in reacting to sexual violence offences States, upon their request and in close consultation and co- and in including elements such as special investigation ordination with UNODC, with assistance/advice on anti- techniques, and interview skills designated for use with drug issues, inter alia, through awareness-raising activities, victims of sexual assault including children, and information the organization of regional workshops and facilitation of on referral mechanisms for victim assistance, in the police training. training curriculum. The Decision on Combating Sexual Exploitation of Children The fight against organized crime came to the forefront adopted by the 14th Ministerial Council of the OSCE (Brussels of OSCE priorities during 2005 and was recognized in a 2006) encouraged relevant OSCE executive structures, within Decision on Combating Transnational Organized Crime their existing mandates, to devote attention to the area of adopted by the 13th Ministerial Council of the OSCE sexual exploitation of children, including links to trafficking (Ljubljana 2005). It tasked the OSCE Secretary General with in persons, and emphasized the need for them and the providing the requesting participating States with support participating States to co-operate with other international for the mobilization of technical assistance, including the organizations, NGOs and civil society in combating the necessary expertise and resources, from relevant competent sexual exploitation of children. international organizations for the implementation of the United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized The 14th Ministerial Council of the OSCE (Brussels 2006) Crime and its Protocols. The Decision also tasked the OSCE adopted the follow-up Decision on Organized Crime, Permanent Council to work on designing, with the support reaffirming the importance that the OSCE was giving to this of the Secretary General and the relevant OSCE institutions, subject. The Decision’s tasking to the OSCE Secretary General possible measures and forms of assistance that could be and the relevant OSCE executive structures, within their available to requesting participating States with a view to respective mandates, included giving enhanced attention to

158  Appendix 3

the key role of criminal justice systems in institution-building issue of Trafficking in Human Beings. Decision No. 5/08 and in the promotion of the rule of law, as well as co-operating on Enhancing Criminal Justice Responses to Trafficking and co-ordinating more closely in order to take better into in Human Beings Through a Comprehensive Approach account the interaction between the components of those emphasized the need for training on combating trafficking in systems. A further major task was to build on and consolidate human beings for law enforcement personnel and urged the the knowledge and experience on criminal justice and participating States inter alia to ensure co-operation between organized crime, and to continue co-operating with UNODC law enforcement agencies and other relevant actors at the in matters including combating organized crime and illicit national and international level, and “to intensify measures to drugs. disrupt trafficking networks, including by means of financial investigations, investigations of money laundering connected Recalling the Ministerial Council Decisions Nos. 3/05 to human trafficking and the freezing and confiscation of the (Ljubljana) on combating transnational organized crime, assets of human traffickers”. and 5/06 (Brussels) on organized crime, Permanent Council Decision No. 810 (2007) on Implementation of the United Reaffirming the participating States’ commitment to Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime proactively implement the OSCE Action Plan for the tasked the Secretary General to support the implementation Promotion of Gender Equality and recalling Ljubljana of the UNTOC convention in co-operation with UNODC, Ministerial Council Decisions on Women in Conflict and to organize a workshop in co-operation and coordination Prevention, Crisis Management and Post-Conflict with the Secretariat of the Conference of the Parties to the Rehabilitation, and on Preventing and Combating Violence UNTOC. against Women, the 17th Ministerial Council of the OSCE (Athens 2009), in its Decision on Women’s Participation in Permanent Council Decision No. 813 (2007) on Combating Political and Public Life, called on the participating States to the Threat of Illicit Drugs and Precursors emphasized consider providing for specific measure to achieve the goal of the continuing spread of illicit trafficking of opiates from gender balance in all legislative, judicial and executive bodies, Afghanistan and chemical precursors throughout the OSCE including police services. area. The Permanent Council called on the Secretary General to further develop co-operation in the field of anti-drug Acknowledging the “[…] diverse and multifaceted OSCE matters with UNODC, the Paris Pact and other relevant work, experience and lessons learned in the policing field, in international structures and organizations by, inter alia, particular the work of the SPMU and the field operations within organizing joint regional and sub-regional workshops and their respective mandates”, the Permanent Council, in its other activities. Furthermore, the Secretary General was Decision 914/09, adopted in Athens, expressed its conviction tasked with continuing training activities on drug-related that the time had come to take stock of what had been done so matters. far in policing and to “[…] initiate a thorough dialogue on how to further enhance police-related activities within the OSCE.” The need for continuing training of Afghan police officers in The Permanent Council tasked the Secretary General, “[…] addition to providing assistance to Afghanistan in the fields within existing resources and in consultation with relevant of border security and combating drug trafficking was also OSCE executive structures, to prepare a report on police- a core topic of the Ministerial Decision No. 4/07 on OSCE related activities of the OSCE executive structures up to Engagement with Afghanistan (Madrid). Participating the end of 2009”. The report was to be based partly on the States tasked the Secretary General to provide support for annual reports on police-related activities, reflecting existing intensifying the involvement of Afghan counterparts in mandates and OSCE commitments, and was “[…] to include OSCE activities related to the fields of border security and an assessment of those activities and a forward looking management, policing and the fight against drug trafficking, perspective, offering long-term strategic recommendations”. and those in the training facilities in Central Asia and in the Moreover, the Permanent Council decided that this report rest of the OSCE area. While tasked to avoid unnecessary would be further discussed during the next Annual Police duplication of existing efforts of other international actors, Experts Meeting in May 2010 as well as at the 2010 Annual the Secretary General was also mandated to explore all Security Review Conference. possible co-operation options, in co-ordination with the UN and other relevant regional and international organizations The Athens Ministerial Council Decision No. 2/09 on Further and other actors. OSCE Efforts to Address Transnational Threats and Challenges to Security and Stability took note of, inter alia, the OSCE’s At the Helsinki Ministerial Council in December 2008, the contribution to international efforts to fight organized crime participating States turned their attention once again to the through the provision of relevant law enforcement expertise

159  and assistance to participating States and called for exploring technologies (PC Decision No. 1039), the OSCE Concept further ways to strengthen synergies in OSCE activities against for Combating the Threat of Illicit Drugs and the Diversion transnational threats, addressing them in a comprehensive of Chemical Precursors (PC Decision No. 1048), the OSCE and cross-dimensional manner and focusing on areas, where Strategic Framework for Police-Related Activities (PC the OSCE has a comparative advantage and can complement Decision No. 1049) and finally, the OSCE Consolidated the work of other international organizations. Framework for the Fight against Terrorism (PC Decision No. 1063). “Recalling that the OSCE, as a regional arrangement under Chapter VIII of the Charter of the UN and as a primary In the PC Decision No. 1039 on the Development of organization for the peaceful settlement of disputes within Confidence-Building Measures to Reduce the Risks of Conflict its region, is a key instrument for early warning, conflict Stemming from the Use of Information and Communication prevention and resolution, crisis management and post- Technologies, the Permanent Council “decides to step up conflict rehabilitation”, the participating States, in the 2011 individual and collective efforts to address security in the use Vilnius Ministerial Council Decision No. 3/11 on Elements of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in a of the Conflict Cycle, Related to Enhancing the OSCE’s comprehensive and cross-dimensional manner in accordance Capabilities in Early Warning, Early Action, Dialogue with OSCE commitments and in co-operation with relevant Facilitation and Mediation Support, and Post-Conflict international organizations. The PC further tasks the OSCE Rehabilitation, reiterated “[…] that the OSCE’s ability Chairmanship to establish an open-ended, informal OSCE to deploy civilian, police or unarmed military expertise working group under the auspices of the Security Committee rapidly is essential to effective conflict prevention, crisis to elaborate a set of draft CBMs to enhance interstate co- management and post-conflict rehabilitation”, and expressed operation, transparency, predictability, and stability, and to their expectation for “[…] the OSCE Chairmanship and the reduce the risks of misperception, escalation, and conflict that executive structures to take full advantage of their respective may stem from the use of ICT; and to help build consensus for mandates to address all phases of the conflict cycle” and while the adoption of such a set of CBMs in 2012”. urging the Chairmanship and participating States to use, swiftly and to the greatest extent possible, all available tools The OSCE Concept for Combatting the Threat of Illicit Drugs and procedures as applicable to a particular crisis or conflict and the Diversion of Chemical Precursors (PC Decision No. situation […].” 1048) identifies areas and activities for a short-, medium- and long-term engagement in combating the threat of illicit “Reiterating the determination expressed by Heads of State drugs and the diversion of chemical precursors that requires or Government of the OSCE participating States in the 2010 sustained efforts, and establishes a political framework for Astana [now Nur-Sultan] Commemorative Declaration: comprehensive action by the OSCE participating States and Towards a Security Community to achieve greater unity the OSCE executive structures to combat this threat. The of purpose and action in facing emerging transnational Concept stresses the participating States’ commitments to threats, such as terrorism, organized crime, illegal migration, support the implementation of the respective international proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, cyber threats obligations in this area, with a particular focus on the related and the illicit trafficking in small arms and light weapons, UN Conventions and decisions. It also sets principles and drugs and human beings”, the Vilnius Ministerial Council, major objectives of co-operation, and provides a platform in Decision No. 9/11 on Strengthening Co-ordination and for OSCE’s co-operation with international organizations Coherence in the OSCE’s Efforts to Address Transnational and partners in recognition of the important role played Threats welcomed “the proposals by the Secretary General by civil society, including the media and nongovernmental included in the 2012 Unified Budget Proposal for the creation organizations, in addressing drug-related crimes, as well of a department to address transnational threats, consistent as preventive measures aimed at reducing drug abuse and with the OSCE’s mandates and within available resources, dependence, and drug-related harm to health and society, with a view to ensuring better coordination, strengthened especially to children and young people. According to the coherence and more efficient use of the OSCE’s resources in Concept, the participating States’ co-operation will include, addressing transnational threats […].” inter alia, the exchange of best practices and scientific evidence-based information on combating the threat of illicit To further strengthen the OSCE’s efforts to address drugs; as well as the facilitation and promotion of cross- transnational threats, the Dublin Ministerial Council adopted border interaction between relevant criminal justice agencies Decision No. 4/12 in December 2012. This so called ‘chapeau’ and other competent national structures of the participating decision endorses four decisions which had been adopted States in the prevention, identification, suppression, in 2012 by the Permanent Council on the Development of detection and investigation of drug-related crimes, and the confidence-building measures to reduce the risks of conflict apprehension and extradition of criminals in accordance with stemming from the use of information and communication existing legal frameworks.

160  Appendix 3

The OSCE Strategic Framework for Police-Related Activities In 2013, the participating States adopted the Initial Set of defines the Organization’s priorities in this area, such OSCE Confidence-Building Measures to Reduce the Risks as police development and reform and the fight against of Conflict Stemming from the Use of Information and organized transnational crime, including trafficking in illicit Communication Technologies (PC Decision No. 1106) in drugs and precursors, trafficking in human beings, the sexual order to enhance interstate co-operation, transparency, exploitation of children on the internet, and cybercrime, predictability and stability and to reduce the risks of within a wider OSCE approach to security. Through needs misperception, escalation and conflict that may stem from assessment, capacity-building, institution building, training the use of information and communication technologies. and evaluation the OSCE will assist the law enforcement According to the decision, the participating States will agencies of the participating States to address the threats posed voluntarily facilitate co-operation among the competent by criminal activity. All of these activities will be done in line national bodies; share information on measures that they with the promotion of the principles of democratic policing, have taken to ensure an open, interoperable, secure and such as the importance of the rule of law; due respect for reliable internet; and use the OSCE as a platform for dialogue, human rights and fundamental freedoms, including gender exchange of best practices, awareness raising and information and minority issues; police-public partnerships; effective on capacity-building regarding security of and in the use of and accountable criminal justice systems; and enhanced ICTs, including effective responses to related threats. criminal justice co-operation among participating States and international and regional organizations. The decision The 2014 Basel Ministerial Council adopted several decisions highlights the importance of co-operation with governmental and declarations related to policing activities. authorities as well as civil society, in a long-term approach, that fosters local commitment and ownership to as well as The Basel Ministerial Decision No. 5/14 on the Prevention of sustainability of police-related programme achievements. Corruption underlines, inter alia, “the central role played by law enforcement bodies and judicial institutions in preventing The OSCE Consolidated Framework for the Fight against and combating corruption” and encourages the relevant Terrorism (PC Decision No. 1063) further strengthens the OSCE executive structures to facilitate the exchange of best profile of the Organization in the struggle against terrorism. practices in the prevention of corruption among participating The Decision builds on relevant decisions of the Ministerial States upon their request. Council and highlights the OSCE’s anti-terrorism profile listing comparative advantages of the Organization. The The Basel Ministerial Decision No. 7/14 on Preventing Decision provides guidance for the Organization outlining and Combating Violence against Women reaffirms strategic focus areas for counter-terrorism activities. earlier commitments to prevent and combat violence Therewith the Decision is a roadmap for any further OSCE against women, including domestic violence, and calls on action to be taken in the area of countering terrorism. participating States to improve their legal frameworks for preventing and combatting such violence and to collect In the 2012 Dublin Ministerial Declaration on Strengthening and make public data and statistics regarding all forms Good Governance and Combating Corruption, Money of violence against women. It encourages participating Laundering and the Financing of Terrorism, the participating States to enhance awareness-raising and other prevention States encourage the OCEEA and the TNTD “within their programmes, to ensure the protection of victims of all forms respective mandates to assist the participating States, at their of violence against women and to “strengthen the efforts request, in their efforts to counter money laundering and the to investigate, prosecute and punish the perpetrators of all financing of terrorism, including through the development, forms of violence against women and provide victims with adoption and implementation of legislation and practices to protection and appropriate remedies.” The decision tasks improve interagency and external co-ordination mechanisms the OSCE executive structures to assist participating States, in this area.” at their request, to facilitate the exchange of information, improve co-ordination and provide technical assistance and In 2013, the participating States, with PC Dec. No. 1106 training to help participating States fulfil these goals. adopted the Addendum to the OSCE Action Plan to Combat Trafficking in Human Beings: One Decade Later, which The Basel Ministerial Council Declaration No. 5/14 on amends the 2003 Action Plan, providing the participating the OSCE Role in Countering the Phenomenon of Foreign States with an updated toolkit to combat all forms of THB, Terrorist Fighters in the Context of the Implementation and helping to address the current and emerging THB trends of UN Security Council Resolutions 2170 (2014) and 2178 and patterns, as well as the most pressing challenges related (2014) calls upon the OSCE executive structures, inter to the prosecution of the crime, its prevention, and protection alia, “to offer assistance in capacity-building activities to of trafficked persons. the requesting participating States, in accordance with

161  Permanent Council Decision No. 1063, and to organize, The Hamburg Ministerial Council Decision No. 1/16 where appropriate, regional and subregional events to identify on Strengthening OSCE Efforts to Prevent and Counter potential weaknesses in international legal and operational Terrorism underscores the central role of the UN in preventing co-operation mechanisms in order to foster better co- and countering terrorism, including the importance of operation and coordination nationally and internationally”; OSCE commitments to the UN Global Counter-Terrorism “to continue to promote OSCE efforts to counter violent Strategy, and that participating States have the primary role in extremism and radicalization that lead to terrorism, including preventing and countering terrorism and violent extremism through community policing approaches to preventing and radicalization that lead to terrorism (VERLT), while terrorism, in particular at the local level”; and “to support stressing the need for participating States to take appropriate requesting participating States in the implementation of their steps to prevent and suppress financing of terrorism. The commitments regarding travel document security and border decision also positively appreciates the implementation of the management and to facilitate technical assistance in this field #UnitedCVE campaign, and welcomed the activities by OSCE by INTEROUL and other relevant international organizations executive structures in the field of preventing and countering to requesting participating States.” terrorism.

The Basel Ministerial Council Declaration No. 6/14 on The Hamburg Ministerial Council Decision No. 3/16 on the OSCE Role in Countering Kidnapping and Hostage- OSCE’s Role in the Governance of Large Movements of Taking Committed by Terrorist Groups in the Context of Migrants and Refugees encourages participating States to the Implementation of UN Security Council Resolution use the OSCE platform for improving dialogue on migration- 2133 (2014) calls upon the OSCE executive structures to related matters by developing effective measures and continue promoting the international legal framework against common approaches to address such matters, and encourages terrorism, to explore ways to exchange information between OSCE executive structures to reinforce the exchange of best intelligence agencies and the criminal justice systems and to practices and to enhance dialogue and co-operation with promote capacity-building for managing, investigating and Partners for Co-operation. prosecuting cases of terrorist kidnapping and hostage-taking. With MC Decision No. 6/16 on Enhancing the Use of The Belgrade Ministerial Council Declaration No. 2/15 on Advanced Passenger Information the OSCE participating the OSCE Activities in Support of the Global Efforts Tackling States commit to: 1. Establish national advance passenger the World Drug Problem states the need for a balanced and information (API) systems in accordance with the provisions integrated approach to tackling the world drug problem, for contained in ICAO’s Annex 9 to the Convention on further co-operation between the OSCE with UNODC, the International Civil Aviation (the Chicago Convention) and International Narcotics Control Board, and other relevant aligned with the WCO/IATA/ICAO Guidelines on Advance multilateral organizations, especially with the emergence Passenger Information (API), including those on privacy and spread of dangerous new psychoactive substances and and data protection, in order to effectively collect passenger the diversion of chemical precursors, and for further co- and/or crew data from airlines operating in their territories; operation in preparation for the UN General Assembly 2. Consider establishing at the national level an interactive Special Session on the world drug problem (UNGASS 2016). system to exchange API data (iAPI) in order to prevent the movement of foreign terrorist fighters in line with UN The Belgrade Ministerial Council Declaration No. 3/15 on Security Council resolutions 2178 (2014) and 2309 (2016); Reinforcing OSCE Efforts to Counter Terrorism in the Wake 3. Adhere to ICAO Document 9082 “ICAO’s Policies on of the Recent Terrorist Attacks condemns all terrorist attacks Charges for Airports and Air Navigation Services” in the and reaffirms the OSCE’s commitments to remain united in context of establishing an API system, recognizing that States combatting terrorism, while underscoring the respect for are responsible for ensuring the implementation of adequate human rights, fundamental freedoms, and the rule of law as security measures at airports; 4. Collaborate with all relevant complementary to effective counter-terrorism measures. national stakeholders in the implementation of national- level API systems, and consider establishing one authority The Belgrade Ministerial Council Declaration No. 4/15 to receive, on behalf of all other authorities, all forms of on Preventing and Countering Violent Extremism and passenger data through one single window data entry point; Radicalization that Lead to Terrorism calls upon participating 5. Increase the added value of API data by seeking to establish States to strengthen and adapt their efforts to counter violent automated cross-checking of this data against relevant extremism and radicalization that lead to terrorism and to national, regional and international watch lists, in particular support a multi-dimensional approach, including community INTERPOL databases and UN Sanctions Lists; 6. Provide policing, to countering VERLT within the OSCE region. assistance to support other requesting participating States in establishing an API system.

162 AP P E ND I X 4

Abbreviations and Acronyms

ACA Anti-Corruption Agency DCA Drug Control Agency AEK Agency for Electronic Communications DCAF Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control AEPC Association of European Police Colleges of Armed Forces AIMC Arab Interior Ministers’ Council DCMAC Municipal Assembly for Communities AML/CFT Anti-Money Laundering and Combating DHRC Department for Human Rights and the Financing of Terrorism Communities APEL Association of Professionals in Education DPED Department of Police Education and and Learning Development APEM Annual Police Experts Meeting DSCA Central Directorate for Anti-Drug Services API Advance Passenger Information DSPS Department for Security and Public Safety ASP Albanian State Police DVCM Domestic Violence Co-ordination Mechanism AWKP Association of Women in Kosovo Police EAG Eurasian Group on Combating Money BCSP Belgrade Centre for Security Policy Laundering and Financing of Terrorism BGS Border Guard Service EASO European Asylum Support Office BiH Bosnia and Herzegovina ECTEG European Cybercrime Training and BMP Border and Migration Police Education Group BMSC OSCE Border Management Staff College EEAS European External Action Service BOMCA Border Management Programme in EFCA European Fisheries Control Agency Central Asia EMPACT European Multidisciplinary Platform BORDERPOL World Border Organization against Criminal Threats BSM Border Security Management ENFSI European Network of Forensic Science BSM NFP Border Security Management National Institutes Focal Points ENP European Network of Policewomen BSMC OSCE Border Security and Management EU European Union Concept EU-ACT EU Action against Drugs and Organised CARICC Central Asian Regional Information and Crime Coordination Centre for Combating EULEX European Union Rule of Law Mission in Illicit Trafficking of Narcotic Drugs, Kosovo Psychotropic Substances and their Precursors Eurojust European Union’s Judicial Cooperation Unit CBM Confidence-Building Measure Europol European Union Law Enforcement Agency CEPOL European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Training EWG Expert Working Group CFT Combating the Financing of Terrorism ExB Extrabudgetary CHTVP Centre for Human Trafficking Victims FATF Financial Action Task Force Protection FBiH Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina CiB OSCE Centre in Bishkek FIU Financial Intelligence Unit CID Criminal Investigation Departments FMD/NBT Financial Monitoring Department under CIS Commonwealth of Independent States the National Bank of Tajikistan CoE Council of Europe FRA European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights CPC Conflict Prevention Centre Frontex European Border and Coast Guard Agency CSACA Anti-Corruption and Civil Service Affairs Agency FSC Forum for Security Co-operation CSAT Community Safety Action Teams FTFs Foreign Terrorist Fighters CSO Civil Society Organization GA General Assembly CSTO Collective Security Treaty Organization GBAO Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomus Region CTHB Combating Trafficking in Human Beings GCTF Global Counterterrorism Forum CVE Countering Violent Extremism GFCE Global Forum on Cyber Expertise

163  GPO General Prosecutor's Office MITC Ministry for Development of Information GRETA Group of Experts on Action against Technologies and Communications Trafficking in Human Beings MKD-CIRT Macedonian Cyber Incident Response GREVIO Experts on Action against Violence against Team Women and Domestic Violence MOCRs Municipal Offices for Communities HoLEDs Heads of Law Enforcement Departments and Return and Programmes MoD Ministry of Defence HoO Head of Office MoI Ministry of Interior HQ Headquarters MONEYVAL Council of Europe’s Experts Committee on IACA The International Anti-Corruption the Evaluation of Anti-Money Laundering Academy Measures and the Financing of Terrorism IATA International Air Transport Association MoS Ministry of Security IAWP International Association of Women Police MoU Memorandum of Understanding ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization MPR Mobile Police Receptions ICITAP U.S. International Criminal Investigative MSC Municipal Safety Council Training Assistance Program MTT Mobile Training Team ICMPD International Centre for Migration Policy NAM Needs Assessment Mission Development NATC National Anti-Trafficking Coordinator ICT Information and Communications NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization Technology NCB National Central Bureau ILP Intelligence-Led Policing NCCVECT National Committee on Countering INL International Narcotics and Law Violent Extremism and Counter Terrorism Enforcement Affairs NCDC National Centre for Drug Control INTERPOL International Criminal Police Organization NGO Non-Governmental Organization IOM International Organization for Migration NHRC National Human Rights Centre ISO International Organization for NIACD National Information-Analytical Center on Standardization Drug Control ISSAT International Security Sector Advisory NIWG National Implementation Working Group Team NPS New Psychoactive Substances IWG Informal Working Group NPUC Norwegian Police University College JITs Joint Investigation Teams NWP North Wales Police KAF Kosovo Agency on Forensic OAP Operational Activities Plan KAPS Kosovo Academy for Public Safety OCEEA Office of the Co-ordinator of Economic KAWSS Kyrgyz Association of Women in the and Environmental Activities Security Sector ODIHR Office for Democratic Institutions and KCPSED Kosovo Centre for Public Safety Education Human Rights and Development OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation KFOR Kosovo Force (NATO-led) and Development KG Kakaricka Gora OFA Ohrid Framework Agreement KJC Kosovo Judicial Council OGP Open Government Partnership KP Kosovo Police OPCW Organization for the Prohibition of KSCS Kosovo Security Council Secretariat Chemical Weapons LCPC Local Crime Prevention Centre OPM Office of the Prime Minister LEAs Law Enforcement Agencies OSCAD Observatory for Security against LMS Learning Management System Discriminatory Acts LPSC Local Public Safety Committees OSR/CTHB Office of the Special Representative and MASHAV Israel’s Agency for International Co-ordinator for Combating Trafficking in Development and Cooperation Human Beings MC OSCE Ministerial Council P/C VERLT Preventing and Countering Violent Extremism that Lead to Terrorism MC.DEC OSCE Ministerial Council Decision PA Police Academy MC.DOC OSCE Ministerial Council Declaration PAD Police Affairs Department MCSC Municipal Community Safety Council PAF Police Affairs Programme MFA Ministry of Foreign Affairs PAHCT Prosecutors and Hate Crime Training MIA Ministry of Internal Affairs PAMECA V European Police Assistance Mission in Albania

164  Appendix 4

PAN Police Academies Network SSS State Security Sector PC OSCE Permanent Council SWP South Wales Police PC.DEC OSCE Permanent Council Decision TAHCLE Training against Hate Crimes for Law PCC SEE Police Cooperation Convention for Enforcement Exchange Southeast Europe TAT Tech Against Trafficking PCU OSCE Project Co-ordinator in Ukraine TC Training Centre PCUz OSCE Project Co-ordinator in Uzbekistan THB Trafficking in Human Beings PDU Police Development Unit TNA Training Needs Analysis PEC Police Educational Complex TNPA Turkish National Police Academy PG CoE Co-operation Group to Combat Drug TNT Transnational Threats Abuse and Illicit Trafficking in Drugs of TNTD Transnational Threats Department Council of Europes Pompidou Group TNTD/ATU Transnational Threats Department/Action PGO General Prosecutors Office against Terrorism Unit PIK Police Inspectorate of Kosovo TNTD/BSMU Transnational Threats Department/Border PMA Politico-Military Activities Security and Management Unit PMP Police Matters Programme TNTD/CC Transnational Threats Department/Co- PNR Passenger Name Record ordination Cell POiB Programme Office in Bishkek TNTD/SPMU Transnational Threats Department/ Strategic Police Matters Unit PPI Paris Pact Initiative ToT Training of Trainers PRP Police Reform Programme TTX Table Top Exercise PTC Police Training Centre U.K. United Kingdom RACVIAC Regional Arms Control Verification and Implementation Assistance Centre for U.S. United States of America Security Co-operation UB Unified Budget RCBAs Regional Centres for Border Affairs UN United Nations ROSFIN- Federal Service for Financial Monitoring UNCAC United Nations Convention against MONITORING of the Russian Federation Corruption RS Republika Srpska UNCCT United Nations Counter-Terrorism Centre RTCs Regional Training Co-ordinators UNCTED UN Counter-Terrorism Committee SAG Senior Gender Adviser Executive Directorate SALW Small Arms and Light Weapons UNDP United Nations Development Programme SANCAS Support Anti-Cannabis Strategy UNDP/SEESAC South Eastern and Eastern Europe Clearinghouse for the Control of Small SCO Shanghai Cooperation Organisation Arms and Light Weapons SCP Security Co-operation Programme UNDPKO United Nations Department of SECI Southeast European Cooperative Initiative Peacekeeping Operations SSS State Security Sector UNGASS United Nations General Assembly Special SEE South-Eastern Europe Session SELEC Southeast European Law Enforcement UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Center Refugees SHISH State Intelligence Service UNODC United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime SIA Sectors for Internal Affairs UNODC/GPML Global Programme against Money SIAK Austrian Security Police Academy Laundering SIC Sector for Internal Control UNSCR United Nations Security Council Resolution SIENA Secure Information Exchange Network Application UNTOC United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime SNSC State National Security Committee USAID United States Agency for International SOCTA Serious and Organized Crime Threat Development Assessment VERLT Violent Extremism and Radicalization that SOP Standard Operating Procedures Lead to Terrorism SR/CTHB Special Representative and Co-ordinator WCO World Customs Organization for Combating Trafficking in Human Beings WG Working Group SSG/R Security Sector Governance and Reform SSOs School Security Officers SSR Security Sector Reform

165  APPENDIX 5

Contact Details

Thematic Units in the OSCE Secretariat dealing with Police-Related Issues Unit Contact Person Email Phone TNTD/SPMU Mr. Arnar JENSSON Arnar.Jensson@osce.org +43 1 514 36 6691 (Police Affairs Officer) TNTD/ CC Ms. Corinna Paola MARINI CorinnaPaola.Marini@osce.org +43 1 514 36 6844 (Policy and Co-ordinator Officer) polis@osce.org TNTD/ATU Mr. Manuel EISING Manuel.Eising@osce.org +43 1 514 36 6772 (Senior Legal Counter Terrorism Adviser) TNTD/BSMU Mr. Dennis COSGROVE Dennis.Cosgrove@osce.org +43 1 514 36 6662 (Head of Border Security and Management Unit) Ms. Albina YAKUBOVA Albina.Yakubova@osce.org +43 1 514 36 6899 (Programme Management Officer) OCEEA Ms. Iris PILIKA Iris.Pilika@osce.org +43 1 514 36 6295 (Programme Officer) Gender Section Ms. Leena AVONIUS Leena.Avonius@osce.org +43 1 514 36 6492 (Gender Adviser) OSR/CTHB Ms. Tetiana RUDENKO Tetiana.Rudenko@osce.org +43 1 514 36 6921 (Senior Co-ordinator Adviser)

OSCE Institutions dealing with Police-Related Issues Institution Contact Person Email Phone ODIHR Mr. Omer FISHER Omer.Fisher@odihr.pl +48 22 5200 749 (Head, Human Rights Department) Mr. Johannes HEILER Johannes.Heiler@odihr.pl +48 22 5200 742 (Adviser on Anti-Terrorism Issues)

OSCE Field Operations dealing with Police-Related Issues South-Eastern Europe Field Operation Department Contact Person Email Phone Presence in Security Mr. Galentin Ivanov GEORGIEV Galentin.Georgiev@osce.org +355 4 22 40 Albania Co-operation (Head of Security Co-operation 0001, 3007 Department) Ms. Sussanna NALTAKYAN Susanna.Naltakyan@osce.org +355 4 2240001 (Acting Head of Security 602 Co-operation Department) Mission to Security Mr. Samir BASIC Samir.Basic@osce.org +387 33 952 336 Bosnia and Co-operation (National Project Officer) Herzegovina Mr. Bojan JANKOVIC Bojan.Jankovic@osce.org +387 33 952 230 (Programme Co-ordinator.) Mission in Security and Mr. Apollon HOXHA Apollon.Hoxha@osce.org +381 38 240 100 Kosovo Public Safety (National Chief of Analysis and ext. 2015 Reporting Cell)

166  Appendix 5

Mission to Security Mr. John CORRIGAN John.Corrigan@osce.org +382 67 626 008 Montenegro Co-operation (Organized Crime Police Adviser) Mission to Police Affairs Mr. Robert KUCHARSKI Robert.Kucharski@osce.org +381 11 3606 156 Serbia (Head of Security Co-operation Department) Ms. Natasa RISTOVIC Natasa.Ristovic@osce.org +381 11 3606 253 (Acting Head of Police Affairs) Mission to Public Safety Mr. Victor SOTCHI Victor.Sotchi@osce.org +389 70 358021 Skopje and Community (Senior Police Adviser) Outreach

Eastern Europe Field Operation Department Contact Person Email Phone Mission to Conflict Mr. Lajos Zsolt KARAKAS Lajos.Karakas@osce.org +373 22 887 831 Moldova Prevention / (Programme Manager) Resolution Project Human Security Ms. Liliya GRUDKO Liliya.Grudko@osce.org +380 44 4920382 3931 Co-ordinator Programme (National Project Manager) in Ukraine

Central Asia Field Operation Department Contact Person Email Phone Centre in Conflict Mr. Dmitry ZAGROTSKIY Dmitry.Zagrotskiy@osce.org +993 12 94 6092-VOIP Ashgabat Prevention and (Political Officer); 7320 Confidence Ms. Guncha Nepesova Guncha.Nepesova@osce.org and Security (Senior Programme +993 12 94 6092-VOIP Building Assistant, Politico-Military 7321 Dimension) Programme Police Affairs Mr. Sergei SIZOV sergei.sizov@osce.org +996 312 61 2445 (ext.7129) Office in (Police Co-operation Officer) Bishkek Programme Politico-Military Mr. Dmitry KAPORTSEV Dmitry.Kaportsev@osce.org +992 37 22650 Office in Affairs (Counter-Terrorism and 14/15/16/17/18 Dushanbe Police Issues Adviser) Mr. Bakhrom ABDULLAEV Bakhrom.Abdullaev@osce.org (National Police Assistance Officer Programme Politico-Military Mr. Colin MCCULLOUGH Colin.McCullough@osce.org +7 7172 58 00 70 7002 Office in Activities (Political Officer) Nur-Sultan Mr. Mikhail ASSAFOV Mikhail.Assafov@osce.org +7 7172 58 00 70 7005 (Senior Project Assistant) Project Politico-Military Ms. Mirza Ulugbek Qodir Mirza.Abdullaev@osce.org +998 71 140 0470 Co-ordinator Activities Ugli ABDULLAEV in Uzbekistan (National Project Officer)

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