China - Tai Basin Urban Environment Project : environmental assessment executive summary

Tai Basin Urban EnvironmentProject EnvironmentalAssessment SUMMARY REPORT EnvironmentalHydraulicInstituteof Hohai University Nanjing People'sRepublic of China November 2003   Tai Basin Urban Environment Project Summary EA Tai BasinUrban EnvironmentProject EnvironmentalAssessment SUMMARYREPORT Jiangsu Province, the People's Republic of China (November, 2003) 1 Introduction 1.1 ProjectBackground The Project consists mainly of six wastewater treatment plants, a lake rehabilitation program, a flood and pollution control program, a river dredging program, and several non-physical components related to environmental management and institutional strengthening. All project componentsare located in Jiangsu province's industrialcities of Wuxi and Suzhou,within the Tai Lake Basin (TLB), as shown in Figure 1.1. The TLB, with a total catchment area of 36,500 km2, spans across three provinces and the municipality of Shanghai, with 52.5% of its area within Jiangsu province. As one of the most developed regions in China, the TLB generates 11% of the national GDP with its 37 highly industrialized medium and large cities and a population of 36.8 million which is 3% of the national total. In 1997,the State Council of the Chinesecentral government announced "Decisions On Issues of Environmental Protection" (the Decisions), which has since become a primary guide for the country's environmental protection and pollution control effort. One of the important initiatives under the State Council's Decisions is the "Three Lakes and Three Rivers" pollution control program, referring to the six landmark and most sensitivewater bodies and river basins in China. The TLB is one of the three lakes and thus one of the highest priority water basin pollution control programs in the country. Guided by this program, the State Council approved the Tenth Five-Year (2001-2005) Tai Lake Water Pollution Prevention Plan which sets the goal to reach Category I11 (permanganate index or CODm) to IV-V (total phosphorus or TP) of the Surface Water Quality standardsby 2005. To meet these goals, the Plan calls for reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD) discharge 113,400tons per day by 2005 which will be about 23% reduction from the year 2000 discharge, 2,000 tons of TP, about 14% reduction and 30,900 tons of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), about 24% reduction.This would require the constructionof 76 municipal wastewater treatments plants (WWTP) in Jiangsu province, as well as 16WWTPs in otherjurisdictions of the TLB. The Plan also calls for ecosystem rehabilitation and lakehiver sediment dredging programs as part of the comprehensive TLB environmental improvement strategy with an estimated total investment of RMB22 billion. EHI of Hohai University 1 November 2003  Tai Basin Urban Environment Project Summary EA The six municipal wastewater treatment plants, to be built by the Project are among the 76 municipal treatment plants in Jiangsu province identified by the Plan while the Project rehabilitation and river dredging components are part or in line with the Plan initiatives.As such, these treatment plants and other Project componentsconsist of an integral and pivotal part of the effort to meet the State and provincial goals for TLB pollution control and sustainable water resources management. The Project would also set an example for the region as appropriate planned and designed integrated water pollution control and water quality improvement initiativesand investments. An EnvironmentAssessment (EA) was conductedfor each of physical components.The EA is to identify in early stage of potential environmental benefits and consequences of the project, propose measures to avoid, mitigate or otherwise compensate negative environmental impacts during construction and operation, and allow incorporation of appropriatemeasures in the design to mitigate negative impacts to a minimum and acceptable level. On basis of each componentEA which has been approved by the Jiangsu Environmental Protection Bureau (JEPB) between December 2002 to May 2003 (exceptLoujiang and Fuxin WWTP component which are expected to be approved by December 2003), a Project wide environmentalimpact assessment (EA) report and environmental management plan (EMP), collectively known as the EA documentation, have been compiled by the EnvironmentalHydraulic Institute of Hohai University, with the assistance from the project Design Review and Advisory (DRA) consultant, Montgomery Watson Harza. This document is a summaryof the EA documentation. 1.2 Current Situation The TLB is one of the most rapidly developed regions in China. Between the period of 1980to 1998,the regional GDP had increased 17times, averaged 17%per year. Together with such rapid growth of the economy, industrializationand urbanization,a large amount of wastewater has been generated, much of which is untreated prior to being discharged to the receiving rivers in the TLB, leading eventually to Tai Lake. By year 2000, the total discharge of industrial wastewater had reached 1 billion m3, domestic wastewater 460 million m3 and a large volume of rural wastewater and contaminated runoff from agriculturalfields in the TLB, more than half of which was from Jiangsu province. In terms of pollutant loads, the total COD discharge had reached 491,500 tons, TP 14,400tons and NH3-N, 130,000tons, rendering the region among the highest pollutant generationand dischargingloads on a unit area basis in the country. The discharging issue is compounded by the fact that Tai Lake is virtually a sealed water body with a complete turn-over time of about one year. Furthermore, the most active hydraulic exchange of the Lake occurs at its southeast part, towards the Shanghai area, while the majority of the pollutants received by the Lake are from north and northwest.The sub-lakes Meiliang and Wuli at the north end of the Lake alone receive one third of the total pollutants by the entire Lake. The high pollutant discharge loads coupled with the highly stagnant water in the same area has resulted in serious deteriorationof water quality of the lake body in the north at shore with Wuxi, Changzhou and Suzhou. According to the year 2000 water quality monitoring data, all 28 monitored sections of rivers in the TLB exceeded the targeted Category I11 standards. As to the Lake body itself, 19 of the 20 monitored locations exceeded the targeted standards. In particular, nutrients are among the most serious contaminantsand from 6595% of all the monitored sites had their TP exceeded Category V standard, the least acceptable regulatory standard. Such an inflow of nutrients to the slowly EHI of Hohai University 2 November 2003  Tai Basin Urban Environment Project Summary EA flowing rivers and even more stagnant lake bodies has resulted in eutrophication causing an excessive growth of water borne vegetation, damages of the lake ecosystem and deterioration of water quality. In 1990, an outbreak of blue-algae blooms in the Lake forced shut-down a major water supply plant and 116industrialoperationsin Wuxi. The deteriorating water quality in the TLB has significantly affected the sustainable economic development in and competitiveness of this fast growing region. Many investments are now demanding pollution control infrastructure and capability as an investment prerequisite in the region. If without any control, the deteriorating trend of environmental quality in the TLB is expected to continue, offsetting the development achievement. Another consequence of water pollution is the adverse impact on the standardof living for the regional rural and urban residents, particularly as a very large proportion of the TLB residents very closely to water bodies in this region which is extensively divided by rivers, canals, ponds and lakes. Furthermore, the worsening water quality threatens beneficial function uses of TLB water bodies, including industrial and municipal water supply sources, aquaculture,irrigation, ecosystem, recreation and tourist attractions. The urgency for immediate improvement in the TLB environment is apparent. Not only has the TLB missed part of its year 2000 surface water quality and pollution control targets set by the Ninth Five-Year Plan, the water quality in the TLB has the potential tendency to worsen along with the industrial development and population growth. The Project will contribute to reversing the trend of water quality deterioration and an important stage in achieving the state and provincial environmentalgoals. 1.3Basisfor the EA The basis for the EA is: Environmental Protection Laws of PRC (December, 1989); and other state laws and regulationsfor water, air, soil, ocean, solid waste pollution control; Tenth Five Year Plan for Tai Lake Water Pollution PreventionPlan, SEPA, (August 2001); Terms of Reference (TOR) for Environmental Impact Assessment on World Bank Financed Tai Basin Urban Environment Project, EnvironmentalHydraulic Institute, Hohai University, (December2002); Review Comments on Appraisal of the Terms of Reference for Environmental Impact Assessment on World Bank Financed Tai Basin Urban Environment Project, SEPA, (April, 2003); Notice on Strengthening management on Environmental Assessment for Construction Projects Loaned by International Financial Organizations,NEPA, SPC, the Ministry Finance and the People'sBank of China,No. [19931324; Operational Policies, Bank Procedures, and Good Practices OP/BP/GP4.01: Environment Assessment,the World Bank, (January, 1999)and other safeguardpolicies; A series of aide-memoirs of the World Bank missions (November 2002 to October 2003); and Feasibility study reports for each of the Project physical components, prepared by Shanghai Investigation Design and Research Institute of Ministry of Water Resource, Tsinghua Unisplendour Environmental Protection Co., Environmental Engineering Department of the Tongji University and Wuxi Municipal Engineering Design Institute, respectively, (November 2002 to August 2003). EHI of Hohai University 3 November 2003  Tai Basin Urban Environment Project Summary EA The most important impact assessment criteria and environmental target standards are the "Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water" (GB3838-2002) According to this Standard, surface water quality has been divided into five categories depending on their functional uses. These categories and key parameters within the standard, as they may be related to this Project, are as follows: Table 1.1 Environmental Quality Standardsfor Surface Water V Agriculturalwater resource or general amenitypurposes 15 40 2.0 0.4 Other environmental discharge/emissionand ambient environmental quality standards applied in the EA, based on the functions and zoning of the impacted area and as designated by relevant authorities,include: 0 IntegratedWastewaterDischarge StandardGB8978-1996; Water Quality Standardfor WastewaterDischarged into Municipal Sewer CJ3082-1999; Ambient Air Quality Standards,GB3095-1996, Class II; Hygienic Standardof IndustrialEnterprisesDesign,TJ36-79 Class 11; Environmental Noise Standardsfor Urban Areas, GB3096-93, Class I for sensitivereceptors the actual zoning of the areas where these facilitiesare located; such as schools, hospitals and residential areas and Class I1to IV for other facilitiesbased on Standardof Noise at Boundaryof IndustrialEnterprisesGB12348-90; Noise Limits for ConstructionSite,GB12523-90; 0 EnvironmentalQuality Standardfor Soils, GB15618-1995,Class 111; Control Standardsfor Pollutantsin Sludgefrom AgriculturalUse GB4284-84; Sludge agricultural standard described in "Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal WWTP" GB18918-2002; Identification Standard for Hazardous Wastes-Identification for Extraction Procedure Toxicity GB5085.3-1996, and Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal WWTP, Class I Category A and Class I CategoryB, GB18918-2002. 1.4SafeguardsIssues Of the ten safeguardspolicies, Environment Assessment (OP4.01) and Involuntary Resettlement (OP4.12)are the primary focus. (1) OP 4.01--EnvironmentalAssessment A project wide EA report is drafted to provide a comprehensive assessment of potential impacts, both positive and negative, from the project implementation.A strong focus of the environmental EHI of Hohai University 4 November 2003  Tai Basin Urban Environment Project Summary EA assessment has been given to the analysis of alternatives, including alternative sites for physical works such as WWTPs, sludge disposal, etc., alternative wastewater treatment processes, alternative layouts of WWTPs, and alternative methods of dredging and sediment shipping and final disposal,based on a sediment samplingand characterizationprogram during the EA. While evaluatingpotential impacts of the project, the EA take considerationsof the effects of all pollution control activitiesin the region, whether financed by the Bank or not, in order to be able to see the project in a strategiccontext.This includes various activitiesand programs in the Tenth Five-Year Plan (2001-2005) and Master Plan (to 2010) for Pollution Prevention in Tai Lake. Project benefits are identified and assessed in conjunction with the State and provincial government's strategy for treatment andor management of the heavily polluted water bodies in the Tai Lake basin. Adverse impacts have also been identified and assessed, including potential impacts to surface and groundwater from sludge/dredged materials disposal, noise, nuisance odor, visual impacts and impacts during construction.Appropriate mitigation measures have been proposed to reduce and minimizethese adverseimpacts to acceptablelevels. (2) OP4.12--InvoluntaryResettlement Three separateResettlement Action Plans are draftedfor Wuxi municipality,Suzhoumunicipality, and for Tai Lake area, respectively. The RAPS provide the details of the local resettlement policies in all jurisdictions in the project area in conjunction with the development of the Banks RAPs. A thorough and detailed inventory of affected housing and other public and private properties, as well as compensationstandardsare created, based on a house to house survey in the project field. A social survey of the communitiesin the project area has also been conducted and, its results, included in the RAPs to provide a socio-economicbackground of the project region. (3) OP4.1l--Cultural Properties The project area has a long history of human activities.A survey of the project region for cultural properties was conducted during project EA and at least one of the important culturalproperties is located near a project site. Based on the detailed analysis of alternative sites for this component for its potential impact to the cultural property in the project EA, the original proposed site has been changed and moved farther away cultural property to minimize the potential adverse impacts. (4) OPBP4.04--NaturaI Habitats By general definition,many lake areas in the Tai Lake Basin may be considered as wetland. They are indeed an integrated ecosystem for plants, waterfowls,birds, fish and other aquatic lives, but the years of the highly concentratedhuman activities in the project area have caused deterioration of the ecosystem, and man made vegetation and natural protection area is set up more than 20 km away from the Project. Therefore, the Project will do no adverse impact to natural habitats and OPBP4.04 will not involve in the Project. (5) Other SafeguardsPolicies As the project activities are not expected to be related to the following safeguards policies, they are not applicablein this project. OP4.09 Pest Management OD4.20 Indigenous Peoples EHI of Hohai University 5 November 2003  Tai Basin Urban Environment Project Summary EA OP4.36Forestry OP/BP4.37 Safetyof Dams OP7.60Projects in Disputed Areas OP7.50InternationalWaterways 1.5 Scope of Assessment and Applicable Standards According- to project TOR, the EA covers the followingareas: Noise: 200 m on both sides of the project roads, 200 m from the boundaries of WWTP and - . pumping stations,boundariesof constructionsites; Water: receiving water of the WWTPs, Jiangsu part of the TLB bounded by Changjiang (Yangtze)river to the north, border of Jiangsu province and Shanghaimunicipalityto the east, the Tai lake itself and Taipu river to the south including the lake body and Xicheng river to the west. Air: 500 m from the project roads, canals, WWTPs, sludge disposal sites and pumping stations; Groundwater:area surrounding; Soil and vegetation: project area, land acquired and/or occupied, and land application of sludge; and Community: 100to 500m from all project sites. 2 Project Description Major componentsof the Project are summarized in Table 2.1 below. EHI of Hohai University 6 November 2003  Tai Basin Urban Environment Project Summary EA onents Scopeof Service 0West side of Suzhouwith Loujiang WWTP 80,000m3/dayPhase I1WWTP 35.5km2 Population:517,900 East side of Suzhou with Fuxing WWTP I 100,000m3/dayPhase I1WWTP 46.6 km2 Population:385,700 72 industrialdischarges Wuzhong WWTP 23.4 km sewer pipeline 100,000m3/dayWWTP 15.26km2industrialpark PoDulation:54,000 Suzhou Water Control Two shiplockand two water gates Urban area Suzhou Suzhouriver dredging 65.7 km of river dredging 75 km2of urban area Huishan WWTP 57.6 km sewer pipeline 39.55kmzurban area a 25.000 m3/davWWTP Pomlation: 58.900 DongtingWWTP 48.177 km sewerpipeline 64.6 km2area 30,000m3/dayPhase I1WWTP Population:93,300 Three towns & an industrial Anzhen WWTP 39.2km sewerpipeline a 50,000m3/dayWWTP park, totaling 22.63 km2 Population:42,100 Wuli Lake Water level regulation with 11gates rehabilitation 25.6 km of shorelinerehabilitation Wuli Lake 233.5 km2lake ecosystemrestoration Non-physical Strategicstudies Components Institutionalstrengthening& training Constructionsupervision The municipal wastewater treatment plants are primarily based on a uniform design with some variations corresponding to the characteristics of influents and other conditions in each Project component service area. The uniform design consists mainly of screening and grit removal followed by a sequentialbatch reactor (SBR) system. The sludge produced will first be thickened and dewatered prior to being disposed at operating municipal solid waste landfills in Wuxi and Suzhourespectively.Final effluent will be dischargedto the receivingwater with disinfection. Sediment in the dredging component will be mechanically dredged by boat mounted excavators and shipped by barge to a disposal/filling pond. The sediment sampling program conducted during the EA shows that the sediment meets the agricultural application standards and are not hazardous. It is critical to the success of the Project that institutions and personnel responsible for implementingthe proposed project are equipped with the management and technical knowledge, skills and information necessary to fulfill their responsibilities. Technical assistance (TA) components are included to provide assistance to training and institutional strengthening for provincial and municipal PMOS,ProvincialEPB and the proposed wastewatercompanies. 3 Environmental Baselines EHI of Hohai University 7 November 2003  Tai Basin Urban Environment Project Summary EA 3.1 General setting The TLB is located in the middle of the China east coast. The general topography slopes very mildly from west to east towards the East China Sea with differential elevation of only 4-5 m. There is a small hilly area at the west TLB, taking about one sixth of the total area while the remind five sixth as plain at elevations of below 10m. The TLB has one fifth of its area covered by lakes,marsh and rivers, with river density of 3-4km/km2. 3.2 Climateconditions and air quality The TLB is in the subtropical zone where monsoon climate dominates. The climate is characterized with distinct four seasons including dry cold winters and fuggy hot summers. The annual average temperature is 15-18 "C with the hottest monthly of 27.5-31.2 "C in July and coldest of 5.5-8.5 "C below zero in January. The Average annualprecipitation is 1200mm, 70%- 80% of which occur between May to October of each year. The typhoon season of August to October could bring high intensityprecipitation. The annual evaporationin the region is between 1200mm to 1500mm. The Project components are mostly in the suburb or lake areas, with the dredging component in the urban center in Suzhou.An ambient air quality monitoring program conducted during the EA showed that in general, the green field sites such as Huishan and Anzhen WWTPs and Wuli lake areas have good air quality while all four proposed wastewater treatment plants are to be built on green field sites. But in other sites and in urban areas, some ambient air quality parameters exceeded the applicable standards, including PMldTSP in Dongting, Loujiang, and Wuzhong WWTPs and two river dredging sites, SO2 and NOzin dredging sites and H2Sin LoujiangWWTP site. The primary sources of these air contaminants are roads and other urban activities and, in case of Loujiang WWTP, operationof the phase I WWTPs at the same sites. 3.2 Water supply and wastewater generation Water demands are projected based on per capita consumption for domestic and unit industrial area water consumptionfor industrial water demands. For the six WWTPs in the Project, the unit domestic water consumption is assumed to be from 160-190 Vcapitdday for year 2010 (the plan horizon for this Project) and 200 Vcapitdday for year 2020. Industrial water demands are estimated based on the service area and the assumptionsused are 3320-5500 m3/km2/dayfor year 2010 and 5000-6640 m3/km2/dayfor year 2020, depending on the nature of the industries to be serviced. Wastewater volumes are assumed to be 80% of the water supply, with considerations for consumptionand losses. The wastewatergenerationprojection is summarizedin Table 3.1. EHI of Hohai University November 2003  Tai Basin Urban Environment Project Summary EA Anzhen 2010 66.0 7 6.58 20 27 2020 85.0 11 8.83 29 40 3.3 Water pollutionsourcesand surface water quality Main sources of water pollution are from industrial, domestic and other wastewater discharges. The wastewater flow and COD loads fromthese sources are summarizedin Table 3.2. r Items wuxi Suzhou 1 No. of key enterprises* 93 106 Industrial Wastewaterflow (millionm3/a) 219.49 119.97 COD load (t/a) 13,982 11,500 Urban Population 1,153,100 871,700 Domestic Rural population 952,700 221,900 Wastewaterflow (million m3/a) 74.97 71.08 COD load (t/a) 34,891 23,567 In addition, there are substantialwastewater flows from agricultural sources.While the exact flow volume is unknown, the pollutant loads from farm fields (area sources) are estimated to be about 16% for COD, 38% for TP and 57% for NH3-N of the total pollutant loads in these areas, respectively. Pollutants discharges have resulted in water quality deterioration. Water quality monitoring data for year 2002 at key water bodies relevantto this Project are summarizedin Table 3.3 EHI of Hohai University 9 November 2003  Tai Basin Urban Environment Proiect Summarv EA City Riverflake Distance to project sites COD TP NHJ-N Designated Gate or Xibei 200 m to HuishanWWTP 11.0 0.41 5.15 JiuWShentang 2.5 km to Anzhen WWTP 33.0 0.45 8.29 Iv JiuWZhongan 2.5 km to DongtingWWTP 38.3 0.27 5.6 Iv Wuxi Liangxi 2.0 km to control gate site 7.61 6.88 Iv I11 Mali 500 m to control gate site 8.27 0.44 0.62 6.59 I11 Grand @ 1 Yishan bridge 1km to WuzhongWWTP 17.8 - 1.83 Iv The table shows that the four major rivers in Wuli Lake have seriously exceeded the applicable surface water quality standards and the water quality at the time of measurement was generally worse than Category V, particularly for NH3-N and TP. The two lakes in Wuxi (Wuli and Meiliang) exceeded the standards designated for their respective functional uses (Category 111), too. NH3-N in all rivers in Suzhou exceeded the CategoryV standards,indicating serious nutrient pollution. For other parameters, those rivers in or near the urban center were very high and in some cases exceeded Category V standards while rivers away from the urban center such as Loujiang, etc. have a fair quality. This implies a close relationshipof surfacewater pollution with populationdensity and human activities. 3.4 Land use and ecologicalenvironment The land uses of the project cities are shown in Figure 3.1 below. Figure3.1 Land uses of the project The highest proportion of land utilization is water bodies, reflecting the regional land and topographycharacteristicsin the TLB. EHI of Hohai University 10 November 2003  Tai Basin Urban Environment Proiect Summarv EA Resulting from years of land reclamation around the Tai Lake, the wetland under the strict definition has become scarce until recently. These remaining wetlands have mostly in small areas, scattered along the east shore area of the Lake. These wetlands are not in the national wetland protection list and are at least 19.8km to the nearest physical works of the Project. In the Lake area itself, there are 24 species of phytoplankton, eight species of zooplankton, six species of benthos and 101 species of fish. Except fish farming in the lake, fish population in the natural habitat in the Lake has been gradually reducing due mainly to water pollution and over fishing. For the two Project directly impacted sub-lakes, the biomass and biodiversity of Meiliang lake is apparently higher than those in Wuli lake. In the Project rivers in the Suzhou area, the pollution is so bad, fish, plankton and benthos are virtually extinct. On the land, there are 950 species of plants in the Project area. But with over a very long history of human activities and cultivation in this highly densely populated area, there is basically no natural growth of vegetation. For the same reason, there has been no record of wild animals, except common species of birds and snakes, as well as domestic animals, in the region. 3.5 Soil and sediment The Project area soil baseline is determined through a soil sampling and analysis program during the EA. Four soil samples were collected, three from proposed Project sites and one from proposed spoiled soil disposal site. Heavy metals were analyzed for the soil samples and the results that all met Class I11 standards of Environmental Soil Quality Standards, concluding no evidence of soil contamination at the Project sites. In order to understand the nature and quantity of sediment to be dredged and in preparation for sediment dredging method, transportation and final disposal, an extensive sediment sampling program was conducted during the EA. In total, 22 sediment samples had been collected from the rivers to be dredged, the sampling locations and methods were determined by the following principles: 0 Downstream from potential contamination sources including those which are now closed (e.g.,Alloy Materials Plant which was closed in 1994); 0 Uniformity, representative and overage of all proposed dredging area; 0 All sediment samples were composite in accordance with the applicable standard sampling methodology and procedures; 0 Four sediment samples were collected from different depths as the thickness of these locations were higher than 0.8 m; and 0 12 sediment samples were composite from different points at the same cross-section. These six samples were also analyzed by a leaching test in accordance with the procedures for testing hazardous waste (GB5085.3-1996), in addition to the Agricultural Sludge Application Standards. The analytical results show that sediment thickness is from 17 to 150 cm and its water content from 36 to 96% with most around 40-70%. The heavy metals content meets the agricultural sludge application standards. The leaching test revealed none of the samples collected exceeded the hazardous waste standards, indicating that the sediment can be classified as non-hazardous and could be disposed of in agricultural land. EHI of Hohai University 11 November 2003  Tai Basin Urban Environment Project Summary EA 3.6 Acoustic environment A total 27 locations at the Project physical works sites and selected sensitive receptors in the immediately adjacent areas in both Wuxi and Suzhou cities during the EA. Some of these sites are green fields sties in the country where besides farmingand other agriculturerelated activities, there are no industrial or urban facilities and operations, thus no major noise sources, at and around these sites. Other sites, however are located in urban center and well built up areas or industrial parkdzones surrounding by busy roads, commerciallresidential facilities and/or industrial operations, all of which could be noise sources. The field noise monitoring shows that out of 53 monitored locations,eight exceeded nighttimeor both day and night noise standards for their respective noise zoning. The main reason for the non-compliancewas either industrialnoise (e.g., Fuxin and Loujiang WWTPs where there are operating wastewater treatment facilitiesfrom Phase I and motor boat noise fromthe nearby canal), or traffic noise. The noise exceedancelevels were about 3-6 dB(A) above the applicable standards for the most of the noise non-compliance sites. 3.7 Socio-economicconditions The key socio-economicindicators of the TLB are summarized in Table 3.4. Table 3.4 Kev Socio-EconomicIndicatorsof the TLB (2002) Items Indicators Population Urban population, 17.78million Total population, 35.98million Land Cultivated land: 21.45 million mu Total land. 49.88 million mu Urbanization Municipalities:8 municipalities Urbanizationrate: 49% Agriculture (Jiangsu province part Major crops:rice, vegetables,fruits, etc. only1 Total agriculturaloutput:RMB 23.215 billion Major industries: high tech, electronics,fabric & garments, Industry (Jiangsuprovince part machining,pharmaceuticals,constructionmaterials,food only) &brewery,etc. Total industrial outwt: RMB 282.419billion GeneralEconomy (Jiangsu GDP, RMB 498.253 billion provincepart only) Average per capita GDP, RMB 30,600 3.8 Cultural Properties Based on field investigation of the Project site, there is one city level and two province level cultural relics in the Project area. In the Suzhou area, Hanshan temple was first built in Liang Dynasty (502-509A.D.) and re-built between 1906to 1911.The provincial level cultural property is located several hundred meters from the proposed shiplock and water control gate sites. There are two other cultural properties, one provincial (the ancient Hengtang post) and city (Caiyun bridge) level and both at the Grand Canal near Suzhou. 4 Analysisof Alternatives EHI of Hohai University 12 November 2003  Tai Basin Urban Environment Project Summary EA During the Project development, various alternatives have been screened and compared with technical, economic and environmental criteria.In terms of the environmentalcomparisonfor the alternatives, the primary objective was to identify and adopt options with the least adverse environmental impacts. The evaluation and comparison have been made for alternatives of the followingcomponents and/or aspects: 0 Locations of the shiplocks and flood and wastewater control gates with a focus on potential visual and other impactsto nearby culturalproperties; 0 Methods of dredging and sediment shipment sites, with focus on odor, traffic, leaking water, double handling, etc. 0 Locations of sediment disposal with focus on sediment characteristics particularly heavy metal contentsand impactsto groundwater,surroundingenvironment,land application,etc. 0 WWTP locations with focus on environmental sensitivities of the sites, relation to serviced areas, and locationsfor final effluentdischarge; 0 Wastewater treatment processes, with focus on reliability, capability for phosphorus and nitrogen removal, abilityto handle fluctuationin wastewater flows and characteristics,etc. 0 Method of WWTP disposal with considerations on sludge composition particularly heavy metal contents,and potential impacts to the surroundingenvironmentof the disposal sites and sustainabilityand economicviability;and 0 The scenarioof with and without the project. 5 EnvironmentalImpacts and Mitigation 5.1 Impactsduring constructionphase The project constructionactivitiesare expectedto generatethe followingadverse impacts: Air borne dust, mainly due to constructionvehicle movement, land preparationand lake shore rehabilitation, and materials preparation and handling. If without any mitigation measure, the dust concentrationis expected to reach 2.89 mg/m320 m from such an activity and to reduce to 0.86 mg/m3100m from the site. Therefore, the impact will be limited to residents located within 100 m from the construction sites and along the both sides of road construction transportationroutes. Noise, from constructionequipment,dredging machinery and vehicular and barge movement. The noise, as high as 110 dB(A), could travel a long distance in the open field around the sources, affectingnearby urban residents and rural villagers. Dredging impacts. Besides noise from dredging machinery and sediment shipping barges, a major impact of dredging activities will be the nuisance odor from disturbed sediment. The odor is expected to impact areas 150m from the dredging sites. As most residents living on both sides of the Project rivers are either on the river banks or 20-150 m away from the banks, they will be impacted by the odor particularly in the summer when the high temperature makes the odor strong and residents may have to open the windows for ventilation. Sediment disposal. Based on a site geological study, the Sanjiaozhui sediment disposal site has either layers of different soils from clay to sand totaling 6.2 m before reaching the groundwater table. The site has a 3 m depression and of the remaining 3.2 m at the bottom, 0.8 m is clay with an infiltrationrate in the order of magnitude of lo7c d s and 2.4 m of silty clay with the rate of lo5 c d s . At such slow rates, coupled with the filtration capacity of the soil layers which is effective for getting rid of main contaminant in the leachate, the EHI of Hohai University 13 November 2003  Tai Basin Urban Environment Project Summary EA suspended solids (SS),the impact to groundwater is thus expectedto be limited.However, the leachatecould be dischargedalso laterally towards the nearby Shiziyangriver and impact the river by SS for up to 400 m downstreamaccordingto a model applied during the EA. Wastewater collection system impact. The wastewater collection systems in Huishan,Anzhen and Wuzhong sewer network services are mostly to be constructed on the green field, together with road and other infrastructure. Main impact will be airborne dust but the areas will have been mostly leveled and under development with minimum sensitive receptors. In other sewer service areas, sewer lines are needed to construct, at least partially, in urban built up areas. Main impacts will be block of urban traffic, airborne dust during excavation,noise from machinery, outing and convenience of local residents and construction safety to the generalpublic. Land impact. The Project would occupy 60.56 ha of land permanently and 544.94 ha. temporarily. Of this amount, 32.24 ha will be agricultural land, about 5.32% of the total land owned by the affected villages. The largest land use by the Project will be the sediment disposal site which will take 53.72 ha of abandoned fish ponds. Although this occupation is temporary by nature, it will change the land use, from fish pond to landscaping/green land upon completing of filling. The new land use however, is in line with Suzhou city's master plan and zoning plan. Trafsic impacts The main traffic impact will be on those on area water ways. By using 5-40 t barges, the sediment will be transported from dredging rivers to the disposal site. Based on the barge traffic density and the existing conditions of the river network and traffic in it, the increased barge traffic by the Project will affect two sections of rivers which are relatively narrow. In addition, the gate construction in Wuxi would also affect water traffic as the constructionwould narrow, and sometimes completelycut off, the navigation channels in the Projectrivers. 5.2 Waterimpacts primary positiveimpactshenefits of the Project - The Project will bring significantbenefits to the water environment of the TLB and other aspects of the environmentand lives which depend on water quality. On a river network basis, a unsteady water quantity and quality model has projected that except the effluent receiving sections of rivers, the river network at the Project area, as well as Grand Canal Wuxi and Suzhou sections would see water quality improvement following the operation of the six Project wastewater treatment plants. More specifically, at 2010 when all six WWTPs are in operation, the below Category V river length will be reduced from the current level of 16% to 11.5%,while Category shows the impacts of the Project and the 108WWTPs in the master plan on water quality of the IVwill increasefromthe current 30.9%to 33.6%and CategoryI11from 1.9%to 3.7%.Figure 5.1 river network. EHI of Hohai University 14 November 2003  Tai Basin Urban Environment Project Summary EA Figure 5 EHI of Hohai University 15 November 2003  Tai Basin UrbanEnvironment Project Summary EA In fact, the six Project WWTPs are part of the overall Tai Lake water quality improvement plan which calls for construction of 108 WWTPs in the Jiangsu part of the TLB. When all 108 WWTPs are completed and operational,the below Category V river is expectedto further reduce to 3.12%while Category IVincreased to 64.9% and Category I11to 11.2% As these rivers are one of the major pollution sources to the Tai lake (the other being agricultural and area sources),the improvement of river water quality will result in improvementof the lake water quality.The modeling of the lake water quality shows that TP at Meiliang lake would drop by 20%, and BOD 30% by 2010 when the six WWTPs are completed.If all WWTPs in the region are built as planned, up to70-80% of the pollutants currently discharged to the lake would be intercepted and removed. The entire Tai lake would be benefit from reduced TP, TN and BOD, with north part of the lake which are among the worst polluted benefit the most. In terms of pollutant loads to the TLB, the Project will reduce a total of COD load by 128.5tons per day, TP loads by 0.5 tons per day and NH3-N load by 6 tons per day by the six WWTPs. These reduction will contribute to achieving master plan targets (pollutant discharge loads and surfacewater quality). Other Project components will also benefit water quality in the Project area and the TLB. The river dredging will improve the hydrodynamic conditions of the Project rivers, characterized by the increased cross-sectional flow and the removal of the contaminated sediment from these rivers would improve the river water quality. A mathematical model projects that the dredging would reduce the river CODfi by about 0.16-2.91mgL, or 2.6 to 25%, sufficient to upgrade the water quality category. Similarly, the pollutant control and lake shore rehabilitation programs, if the gates operate as designed and the shoreline has been restored, there will be a reduction of COD input into the lake by 445 t/year, TP, 4.85 t/year and TN, 51.35 t/year, contributing to the lake water quality improvement. The indirect and induced benefits will be significant. In particular, there are a large number of residents living virtually on the dredged rivers (with their houses as the bank and their back windows open on the rivers). The cleaned riverbeds are expected to reduce the nuisance odor in the summer,enhance the hygiene and sanitationof their "backyard",the rivers, increase the value of their properties,and improve the environmentin which they live. Other additionalpotentialbenefits to be brought by the Project include: 0 Recovered ecosystem in the TLB area, helping restoration of aquatic life and increasing of bio-diversity; 0 Reduced pollution to crops irrigated currently by polluted water and increased agricultural and aquaculturalyields and productivity; Increased property values for land and real estate of lakeshoreand river side areas; Improved environmental infrastructure for sustained economic developments and attracting outside investments; Improved recreationand environmental aestheticsof the communitiesof the project area; Increased revenuesfrom tourism; and Improved bio-diversityand ecosystem. 5.3 Air and odor impacts EHI of Hohai University 16 November 2003  Tai Basin Urban Environment Project Summary EA The primary air emissions from WWTPs will be extremely nuisance odors generated from grit removal tanks, primary tanks and sludge handling processes.The pumping stations could also be a source of such odors.The main constituentsof suchodors are NH3,HZS, and methyl sulfide. An air diffusion model was used in the EA to predict the concentrations of the air emission constituents which cause the odor. Based on the maximum allowed HZS concentration of 0.01 mg/m3,and different odor intensity of each WWTPs, the modeling shows (Table 5.1) that the distance to reach the residential area standards varies from about 100 m from the WWTP in Wuzhong up to 350 m in Fuxin. Within this distance, there is no residential or other sensitive receptor surroundingthe WWTPs except Loujiang WWTP combininganother industrialsourceat the same site, the odor is expected to exceed the standard. WWTPs Odor ProtectiveDistance (m) Huishan 150 Anzhen 200 Dongting 200 Loujiang 300 Fuxin 350 Wuzhong 100 There will be a significant positive impact in terms of air quality related to odor. Besides those living near the dredged rivers as mentioned above, more urban and rural residents living at very close distances to open ditches or canals which are heavily polluted by raw sewage, with bad odors particularly in the summer. With the Project's sewageinterception pipeline and wastewater treatment components, a large volume of wastewater currently discharged into the rivers will be collected and diverted to WWTPs. With much improved water quality in those rivers, the odor in the ambient air is expected to reduce or eliminate, benefiting riverside residents, as well as the generalenvironment. 5.4 Noise impacts Main noise sources from WWTPs during the operation phase include lifting pumps, sludge pumps and blowers in the wastewater treatment plant and submerged pumps in the pumping stations. The noise at the sources could be up to 95 dB(A) for various equipment and 93 dB(A) inside the pumping stations. In addition, shiplock operation will generate noise mainly from waiting boat motors and the shiplock itself. The noise intensity at source will be about 80-90 dB(A). A fixed source noise attenuation model was applied in the EA to forecast noise impacts. The modeling results show that noise levels at the villages near Anzhen WWTP will be 44.2-50.5 dB(A) during the daytime and 42.1 to 48.4 dB(A) at night, complying with the applicable standards. There is no village or other sensitive receptor in the remaining WWTPs. The closest residential area to the shiplock is about 70 m. the modeling shows that at this distance, the noise will meet the Class I1 standards (for mixed residential and commercial zones), but when a noise intensity is 90 dB(A) for some of the boats, the night time noise would exceed the standards slightly. 5.5 Visual impacts EHI of Hohai University 17 November 2003  Tai Basin Urban Environment Project Summary EA There will be apparent positive visual impacts from the Project. This will mainly be from the improved water quality through wastewater interception and treatment and enhanced hydrodynamics from water flow regulation, restored ecosystems and lakeshore rehabilitation. However, the shiplocks and water gates in Suzhou will be mostly built in the ancient urban area, some near cultural relics. The rivers where the structures are to be built will also be important tourist routes/attractions.The large shiplock and water gate structures could be outstandingfrom the surroundingbuildings and environment pose an adverse impact in the tourist area, particularly to the cultural relics suchas Hanshan temple. 5.6 Sludge disposalimpacts The three municipal WWTPs in Suzhou will generate a total of 226 m3/d of sludge containing roughly 80% moisture, while the three in Wuxi will generate 111 m3/dof similar sludge. The sludge is to be disposed of in municipal landfills. There are operating municipal solid waste landfillsin Wuxi (Taohuashan)and Suzhou (Qizishan) which will be the sludge disposal sites for the six Project WWTPs, respectively.The landfills are designed with sanitary landfill standards, with leachate vertical and lateral movement control, leachate collection and treatment, site drainage management system, waste compacting, daily coverage, and site environmental monitoring. The landfills have total capacities of 4.26 and 4.7 million m3,respectively.The sludge to be disposed of at these landfills will be small portions of their daily disposal capacities and as such, although there will be an impact to the lifespans of these landfills, the impact will be limited. Both landfills have already had agreements to accept the sludge from the six proposed WWTPs. In addition, Wuxi and Suzhouboth have plans for new landfills and hazardous waste disposalcenter by the end of 2006. A key potential environmental concern is contamination of groundwater by leachate from the landfills, which will contain high concentrations of organics and, highly likely, heavy metals present in the sludge. The both landfills have impermeable layers preventing leachate from infiltrating into the ground and allow its collection and treatment. In addition, both landfills are located in mountainous areas where groundwatertables are deep (20-30 m) and the groundwater monitoringdata show it is not affectedby the landfill operations. There are no sensitive receptors in the immediately adjacent areas surrounding the landfills. Furthermore, daily coverage of newly deposited sludge with a 20-30 cm layer of clean soil will minimizenuisance conditionsat the landfills such as odors and flies. Sludge hauling is another potential environmental concern. Potential leaking, odors as well as heavy traffic of hauling trucks themselves would affect the environment and residents along the haul routes. Ring roads and other roads detouring city centers have been designated for sludge transportation, to avoid heavily populated areas or business districts. Special, water-tight hauling trucks will be used to avoid odors and leaking from contaminatingthe haul routes. 5.7 Socio-economicimpacts Resettlement and compensation plans have been prepared and are covered in a separate "Resettlement Action Plan" (RAP). The summary of land acquisition and people affected is shown in the followingtable 5.2. EHI of Hohai University 18 November 2003  Tai Basin UrbanEnvironment Project Summary EA 5.8 Environmentalmitigationmeasures Design Phase All project sites will be carefully selected to avoid or minimize potential impacts to the environment. All WWTP layouts will be arranged in such a way that it would minimize the impacts to the surrounding sensitive receptors particularly for Anzhen and Loujiang WWTPs with villages and guest house nearby. The shiplock and gates will be designed to integrate and harmonize the style and characteristics with the surroundingarchitecturesand communities. All the mitigation measures will be incorporatedin the engineeringdesigns. Construction Phase 0 Construction sites, transportation routes and materials handling sites will be water sprayed in dry and winding days up to 2 times a day, especially if these sites are near sensitivereceptors, such as villages and residential areas. 0 Construction activities will be scheduled carefully to minimize the impact of noise from construction machinery to the surrounding environment. Nighttime uses of certain noisy machines such as excavatorddredgersand concrete vibrators, etc. will be prohibited. 0 Any chance finds of cultural relics during construction will be preserved/protected and reported to the authority for further evaluation and proper handling before resuming construction activities 0 Sewage and other waste from construction camps in rural areas will be collected and diverted to municipal systems to avoid contaminationof the surrounding areas. 0 Temporary land occupation,particularly in the farm land, will be planned well ahead of the construction in consultation with the farmers and others affected to minimize the loss of crops. At the end of the temporary uses, the land will be re-stored to its original state. 0 The dredged sediment disposal site has clay layer at its base. This base will be compacted during site preparation to furtherreduce it infiltration ability.A settlingpond will be included in the design for leachatetreatment and SS removal. The site will be well landscapedtogether with the city's landscapingplan for the entire area at this site. 0 All sludge barges will be banned to operate at night. Those which do not meet environmental standards (motor oil leaking, barge body leaks, excessive motor noise, etc.) will not be retained for sediment shipping. Operational Phase EHI of Hohai University 19 November 2003  Tai Basin Urban Environment Project Summary EA Properly follow the operation procedures and ensure plants and sludge disposal facilities operational as designed, to ensure treatment efficiency, to properly handle the sludge and to minimize the generation and emissionof nuisance odors. Sludge generated from the WWTPs will be tested twice by the leaching test procedure to determine whether it is hazardous waste, within the first year of the WWTP operation.If it is, the sludge will be diverted to the hazardous waste disposal facilities to be built in 2006 in both Wuxi and Suzhou,instead of the municipal solid waste landfills,under the currentplan. Develop contingencyplans for power failure, overflows,equipment malfunctioningand other conditions which may affect the proper functioning of the WWTPs resulting in discharge of raw wastewater into the receiving environment. Noisy equipment and machinery will be regularly maintained to be in good conditions to avoid excessivenoise. Maintain good housekeeping at the WWTPs and other Project facilitiesand minimize impacts to the surroundingcommunities. Maintain regular consultation with the residents in the nearby communities and respond promptly any concerns they may raise with regard to the operations of the wastewater, pumping station and sludgehandling and disposalfacilities. 6 EnvironmentalManagementand Monitoring Plan Several organizations, both government and corporate, will take the responsibility for environmental management. These organizations and their responsibilities for environmental managementthe Project are: Jiangsu Provincial Project Management Office, the overall leading agency for the project implementation will take the ultimate responsibility for environmental protection and management in the course of implementation; Suzhou and Wuxi EnvironmentalProtection Bureaus will be responsible for enforcement of environmentalregulationsand standardsand review of environmentalmonitoringreports. Suzhou Water Authority, Wuzhong Industrial Park authority, Wuxi Wuli Lake Management Authority and Anzhen township government, will be responsible for the day-to-day environmental management during the construction and operations as they will also be the operator and owner of the WWTPs. Their responsibilities will include engagement of professional supervision and monitoring services, allocation of budget for environmental management, response to environmental monitoring reports and taking mitigation actions as appropriate, and handling of any environmental emergency and other adverse impacts not adequatelyprojected by the EA which may occur during construction. Environmental monitoring stations will be responsible for environmental monitoring for air quality, noise, water quality, and other impacts to the environmentby the project during both the constructionand operationphases. Contractorswill be responsiblefor mitigationmeasures for constructionphase. training program, including both local and overseas training, has been prepared for management and technical staff from above mentioned organizations. Training contents will include environmentalregulations, wastewatertreatment technologies,environmentalmonitoring, sludge handling and disposal, and handling and responses to environmentalaccidents. In total, it is planned that 90 people will participate in the domestic environmental training and 45 in the overseastraining. EHI of Hohai University 20 November 2003  Tai Basin Urban Environment Project Summary EA In order to ensure that the Project implementation in compliance with relevant environmental standards and regulations and as forecast in this EA, a comprehensivemonitoring program has been prepared for water, air and noise. The plan covers both the constructionphase and operation phase of the Project. The monitoring program is summarized in Table 6.1 and the estimated cost for the monitoringprogram is presented in Table 6.2. Environment I Items I ConstructionPhase OperationPhase Parameters SS, Oils pH, CODMn,SS, NH3-N,TP, Oils Water Locations 5 location alongrivers 8 location along rivers Frequency Monthly Bimonthly Parameter pH, Total solublesolids, CODfi, NH3-N,volatile phenol, NO3-N, Hg, cadmium, Cr6+,copper, arsenic,lead, zinc Groundwater Locations 2 locationsat the Sanjiaozuisedimentdisposal site Frequency Monthly Once during dry, average and wet seasonsrespectively. Parameter H2S H2S, NH3 3 locations along dredging Ambient air Locations river 1locationsalong dredgingriver Frequency Monthly Monthly in first 3 years (reduce frequency until the site is steady) Parameter Leq (A) I Noise Locations 3 locations, most sensitive receptors by river I Frequency Week in day and night time I pH, water content, thickness Parameter of sediment,Hg, cadmium, I Sediment chromium,copper, arsenic, lead, zinc, nickel Locations 22 locations at river network I Frequency Once before construction I Effluent of Parameter Same as those of groundwater S anjiaozui Locations sediment 1location at 1km downstreamof effluent outlet disDosa1site Frequency Monthly in first 3 years (reducefrequencyuntil the site is steady) Parameter SS, Oils pH, SS, CODc,, NH3-N,TP, Oils Surfacewater Locations 5 at Xujiang and Shangtang rivers 2 in Xujiang and Shangtangrivers Frequency Monthly Bimonthly Parameter Leq (A) Leq (A) Noise Locations 2 locations at residentialarea 2 locations at residential area Frequency Weekly in day and night time. Monthly in day and night time Parameter TSP I Ambient air Locations 3 locations at residential area I Frequency Monthly I EHI of Hohai University 21 November 2003  Tai Basin Urban Environment Project Summary EA Wuli Lake Reh; nponent Water quality: water temperature,pH, DO, BODS, Water quality:water temperature, CODM,, NH3-N,volatile pH, DO, BOD5,CODM,, NH3-N, phenol, TP, TN, Oils, SS. volatile phenol, TP, TN, Oils, SS, Sediment: organicmatter, TP, transparency. TN, total Hg, total cadmium, Sediment:organic matter,TP, TN, Cr6+,total copper,total total Hg, total cadmium, Cr6+,total copper, total arsenic,total lead, Parameter arsenic,total lead,total zinc. Organism: species total zinc composition,community Organism: speciescomposition, Lake structure,quantity and community structure,quantity and distributionof phytoplankton, distributionof phytoplankton, zooplankton,benthos and zooplankton,benthos and vascular vascular bundle water plant; bundle water plant; speciesand speciesand content of content of microorganism; microorganism. chlorophylla. Locations 4 locationsat Wuli Lake 4 at Wuli Lake and 2 at Meiliang Lake Water quality:Monthly Frequency Sedimentand Organism: Water quality:Monthly Quarterly Sediment and Organism: Quarterly Water temperature,pH, DO, Water temperature,pH, DO, Parameter BODS,CODMn, NH3-N, BOD5,CODM,, NH3-N, volatile River volatilephenol, TP, TN, Oils, ss phenol, TP, TN, Oils Locations 11at rivers aroundWuli lake 17at rivers aroundWuli lake 'requenc y Monthlv Monthlv Water temperature,pH, DO, Effluent of BODS,CODM,, NH3-N, Xuelang Parameter volatile phenol, TP, TN, Oils, I sediment ss disposal site Locations 1at effluent outlet I Jrequency Monthly I pH, total solublesolids, CODh, 'arameter pH, CODm, NH3-N, SS, NH3-N,volatilephenol, NO3-N, NO3-N,volatilephenol Hg, cadmium, Cr6', copper, arsenic. lead. zinc Groundwater Locations 3 locationsat the disDosal site 3 locations at the disDosal site Monthly Once during dry, averageand wet Trequency seasonsrespectivelyin first 3 years (reduce frequencyuntil the site is steady). 'arameter Leq (A) I Noise >ocations 3 locationsat constructionsite I Week in day and night time I rsp I Ambient air 3 locationsat constructionsite I Monthly I EHI of Hohai University 22 November 2003  Tai Basin Urban Environment Project Summary EA The diseasesto be prevented and treated includehepatitis, diarrhea and typhoid in Parameter waterborne infection,as well I as malaria,paragonimiasis Public health and filariasisin natural focal disease Locations Constructionsite I Health inspectionand Frequency preventivevaccinebefore I regularsterilization enteringconstructionsite, I WWTPs Component (a)Flow*, pH*, SS, CODcr*, BODS, NH3-N, TP, TN, DO*, MLSS*, chloride, (* being automaticonline monitoring item), Parameter I (b) Bacilluscoli, (c) Aldehyde,oils, volatilephenol, sulfide,fluoride, cyanide, aniline, and, (d) Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr6+,As, Hg, Cd, Ni, total Cr. Locations I Effluent outlet of WWTP Effluent Plant monitoring: Daily for (a), Weekly for (b), Monthly for (c), Twice a year for (d) in Fuxing and LoujiangWWTP Daily for (a), Weekly for (b), Frequency I Monthlyfor (c) and (d) in the rest WWTPs. Supervisorymonitoring: Quarterlyfor (a), (b) and (c), Yearly for (d) in Fuxing and Loujiang WWTP. Ouarterlvin the rest WWTPs. Parameter I Lea (A) Lea (A) Locations I WWTP 4points at boundaryof Noise 4 at boundary of WWTP Once before construction Weekly in first 3 months, Monthly in day and night time if no obvious change. HZS, N H 3 , odor concentration Upwind and downwind at Locations I boundary of WWTP and pumping Ambient air Zrequency I station Monthly in first year, twice in I summer and once in spring and autumnif no obvious impact EHI of Hohai University 23 November 2003  l-Tai Basin UrbanEnvironment Project Summary EA Parameter I Water content, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr6+, As, Hg, Cd, Ni and bacillus coli. Sludge Locations I WWTP Frequency I Twice a month in first 3 months and four times a year later Parameter 1pH, COD^,, ss pH, CODc,, BODS, NH3-N, TP, TN. volatile ohenol. Locations 1at river near construction Upstream and 400m downstream site from the effluent outlet Bimonthlyduring normal discharge,and twice a day for 2 Frequency Monthly days in case of accidental I wastewaterdischarge at 400m downstreamfrom the effluent outlet Table 6.2Summervof Monitoring Cost Project City EnvironmentalMonitoring Cost Estimates (RMBNear) Constructionphase Operationphase Total ~ Wuli lake rehabilitation 142,000 138,000 280,000 Suzhouriver dredging 35,000 43,000 78,000 Suzhou polluted water control 48,000 68,000 108,000 WWTPs 43,200 1,036,800 1,080,000 Total annualcost 268.200 1.285.800 1.546.000 7 Public Consultation Stakeholdersfrom the public were consulted during the project EA, particularlythose who will be directly affected by the Project, such as urban and rural residents near proposed pipelines, WWTPs, sediment dredgingrivers and sludge disposal sites. The primary methods applied in the public participation has been public opinion questionnaires, supplemented by public meetingdhearings and interviewsof key individualsand organizations. At least two rounds of public participation have been conducted for each of the Project components.The first round was at the EA document (componentEA) preparation stage focusing on environmental screening to gather public concerns and to assist identification of key environmental issues for detaiIed assessment. The second round was at the draft EA document stage, designed to draw public responses and recommendations on the initially developed mitigation measures for the potential adverse impacts identified. In some components a third round consultation was conducted by the project wide EA team to further increase the awareness of the EA effort and final project definition and mitigation. During the process of public participation,telephonehotlines, set up at the beginning of EA, has been maintained in each PMO to solicit and address environmental issues from the public. Details of the three rounds of public participationare presented in Table 7.1. EHI of Hohai Universe 24 November 2003  Tai Basin Urban Environment Project Summary EA Round ProjectStage Main Objective Identify stakeholders First Project identification/ SecurePMO commitmentto public consultation (screening) Environmentalscreening I I I Agree on the extent and mode of consultation InitialDublic concernsabout the Project Communicateproject and impact information Second Before finalizationof EA report Invitepublic opinions and concerns Initialresponse on mitigation measures 7.1 First round ofpublic consultation In the first round of the public consultation, public opinion questionnaire was used as main method in each of the nine physical works of the Project. Details of these opinion surveys are summarizedin Table 7.2. Table 7.2 Summarvof First Round Ouestionnaire Loujiang WWTP 1 y::: ::3 IYoulian,Meiwan village. I I Fuxing WWTP Mar.2003 Hengtangtown, Xiguo village. 44 49 WuzhongWWTP Oct.2002 Yinxi village and Hongzhuangresidentialarea 120 Total I I 677 7.2 Public concerns and responses Virtually all surveyed were aware of the Project although a large proportion of the people did not know the details of the Project at this time of survey. With regard to their opinions, while the overwhelming majority of the public strongly support to the Project, they have also expressed concerns for potential adverse impacts, both long-term and short-term, during the construction and operation phases of the Project. For the each of the concerns expressed during the public consultation, a corresponding mitigation measure has been developed and communicated to the concerned public. Table 7.3 summarizes the concerns, mitigation measures and public satisfactoryrate to the mitigationmeasures. EHI of Hohai University 25 November 2003  Tai Basin Urban Environment Project Summary EA Other recommendations from the public 0 Rational planning and design should be undertaken to screen possible alternative options to achieve best cost-effectiveness; Sufficient fund should be provided to the WWTP and related transfer facilities to ensure sustainable operation; Full effort shouldbe concentrated on construction phase to minimize construction period; Safeguard facilities such as warning signal, temporary road and fence should be installed. 7.3 Second round The second round of public consultation was conducted in July 2003 when the Project wide EA draft report was completed. The main objective was to explain to the public of the EA findings particularly the mitigation measures which had been designed and included in the EA and environmental plan. Selected representative components were covered by this round of survey, totaling in four towns and four villages. The consulted public had the similar concerns as had been expressed in the first round and they were most satisfied with the mitigation measures designed for this Project. 7.4 Informationdisclosure Advertisements have been placed in the most dominant and popular newspapers in the Project cities to describe the project and its potential impacts and to invite the public to express their concerns about the project. In addition, the draft EA reports and other project related information including project environmental information has been placed in both project management offices and environmental institutes involved in the EA for public reviews and comments. The telephone hotline at the EA teams and manned by environmental specialists is another source of information to the public about the project and potential project impacts. Furthermore, a website have been set up (http://www.hhu.edu.cn) to release the EA information and to solicit public opinions and responses online. EHI of Hohai University 26 November 2003  Tai Basin Urban Environment Project Summary EA 8 Conclusions The environmental assessment for the Tai Basin Urban Environment Project has drawn the following conclusions: The TLB has been suffering severe pollution in virtually all its rivers particularly by nutrients and the water quality is expected to deteriorate along the rapid development and population growth if no action is taken. As a result of the direct discharge of a large quantity of contaminants into its waterways every day, the surface water pollution has been worsening at an alarming rate and has threatened the ecosystem, the standard of living of the regional residents and sustainable development. The Tai Basin Urban Environment Project, to be partially financed by the World Bank, fits well into the integrated environmental management plan for the basin which is one of the top state and provincial pollution control priorities. While the Project alone cannot resolve the problem and meet the government goal for surface water quality, it will be a key step and contribute significantly towards achieving the goal. The benefits of the Project are significant. It will improve surface water quality in the area rivers and Tai lake, reduce the health risk related to contaminated water supply, eliminate and reduce the odor affecting the tens of thousands of urban and rural residents living near open ditches and other heavily polluted water bodies, and other benefits to the river side communities and the basin in general. However, the Project will also cause some adverse impacts to the environment. During the construction phase, dust, noise, construction camps, construction materials extraction, in river dredging construction may affect the residents nearby and environment in the surrounding area. During the operation phase, noise, odors, sediment shipping, sludge hauling, sediment and sludge disposal and land acquisition will impact the villages around the project sites. With a careful design and implementation of appropriate mitigation measures, however, these adverse impacts can be avoided, mitigated or otherwise compensated to acceptable levels. To further ensure environmental protection and proper implementation of mitigation measures, an environmental management plan has been developed involving government and professional institutions for supervision, monitoring, and management of environmental affairs of the Project. EHI of Hohai University 27 November 2003   SupplementaryInformationto EnvironmentalImpactAssessment Lake Tai Urban EnvironmentProject (February2004) This is prepared as a supplementary to both the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Environmental Management Plan (EMP). As such, it serves as an integral part of the project EA documents and will be attached to the original EA as an addendum. This supplementary information has been prepared in response to World Bank comments dated February 1, 2004 on the project EIA and EMF' and the following information has been presented in the same section numbers as those in the original comments. 1. Analysis ofAlternatives 1.1 Alternative Option of Industrial Pollution PreventiodControl. We understand that the options of industrial pollution prevention and control versus centralized municipal wastewater treatment plants have been explained by the World Bank Project Task Team. The EA team wants to provide the following additional response. One of key principles in the environmental laws and regulations of China is "polluters pay" and as such industries will need to control their discharges and emissions at their own costs rather than using public funds from the government. The role of the government is to enact and enforce regulations and control and discharge standards. The NDRC and MOC have set up the standards requesting all industries to recycle 60% of their effluent and the SEPA has a series of very specific discharge standards for various industries. At the provincial level, Jiangsu Province has its own Clean Production plan, which outlines clean production and discharge reduction targets for the industries in the province. Governments of all levels intend to fully enforce the regulations, standards and targets and are expected to keep and improve their enforcement efforts. Under the regulatory requirements, industries have to meet discharge standards, either to the sewers or to the environment directly by investing in industrial wastewater treatment and control facilities. By the regulations, the industries are allowed to discharge conventional and non-hazardous waste such as COD to the municipal sewers leading to centralized municipal wastewater treatment plants, to allow better efficiency and economy of scale. 1.2 Alternative Options for WWTP Sites The project involves six WWTPs, of which Loujiang, Fuxin and Dongting WWTPs are the second phase of existing WWTPs already in operation or to be in operation soon in their respective same locations. In all three WWTPs, space for the second phase expansions have been reserved and acquired and therefore there is no option on alternative sites. The assessment for alternative WWTP sites for Huishan and Anzhen WWTPs have been presented in the original EA report. Two alternative sites have been proposed for Wuzhong WWTP during the project  2 preparation: one is located in the industrial zone (Alternative 11)and the other is located by the South Ring Road near Dalonggang River (Alternative I). The exact locations of these sites are shown in the map below and the comparison of environmental factors is Legend Wuzhong WWTP Pump Station River Table 1.2-1Comparison of Wuzhong WWTP Sites Alternative I Alternative I1 0 Effluent discharges into sewers and more directly to the Grand Canal, thereby helping 0 Effluent will be discharged through open to improve the community environment. ditches and affecting the community Grand Canal has greater assimilative 0 Located in urban and residential areas capacity than the receiving water body under 0 Close to sensitive water body and potential alternative I impacts to surface water 0Located in industrial zone with little impacts 0 Location not easy for sewer network and to residents pumping station siting 0Far away from sensitive water body 0 On 100flood plain 0Easy for sewer network and pumping stations layout 0On 100flood plain Based on the above analysis and comparison, alternative I1 site is preferred because of its less impacts expected to the surrounding communities and the environment. In particular, Alternative I site is located near the Dalonggang River, which discharges to Lake Tai  3 directly, which is therefore designated as a control section of water body (sensitive water body). If the WWTP is located at this site, Dalonggang river would be the receiving water body for the final effluent which and through which Lake Tai would be impacted adversely. With regard to flood control, both alternative sites are equal - meeting the at least 100 year flood plain requirement. With all factors considered, Alternative I1 site is therefore selected as the Wuzhong WWTP site in the project. 1.3 Alternative Options for WWTP Sludge Management Options In the original report, six possible options for sludge management and disposal have been identified and compared by listing the advantages and disadvantages of each of the options (Table 4.4-5). These six options are incineration, wet oxidation, anaerobic digestion, natural drying, composting and landfill. The EA team made its comparison and analysis of these options based on the general knowledge of these options as well as the local conditions. Incineration will have emissions causing secondary contamination. Wet oxidation and digestion are sludge processing technologies, used primarily as a method for sludge stabilization and as such they are not options for sludge disposal. Both natural drying and composting will require very large land spaces, which are scarce in the densely populated project cities. Such large scale operation in open space and areas with long time raining and hot seasons each year in the project cities would bring massive environmental problems to the sites and the surrounding areas. Compost would also have market problems for its products, which may be very limited in the south Jiangsu area. Furthermore, all of the above options are not final and would require further disposal options for all sludge or processing residues. The EA therefore concludes that landfill is the best option for sludge disposal given the local conditions, provided that the landfill operation will comply with applicable pollution control standards and meet impact mitigation requirements. 1.4 Alternative Options for Sediment Disposal According to applicable regulations and standards of China, sediment with heavy metal contents not exceeding agricultural application standards in the "Pollutant Discharge Standards of Urban Wastewater Treatment Plants" (GB18918-2002) may be used in agricultural, wood and landscaping lands. It may also be allowed to be disposed in waste land and abundant or acquired fish ponds. But, any sediment or sludge applied in agricultural lands must also meet the "Pollutant Control Standards in Agricultural Application of Sludge" (GB4284-84) including relevant requirements stipulated in the standards. One key requirement is that sludge must be pre-treated through high temperature composting or digestion before applied in agricultural land. If heavy metals exceed these standards but the leaching test results do not exceed "Hazardous Waste Identification Standards - Leaching Toxicity Identification" (GB50805.3-1996), the sediment may be disposed of in a landfill. To prevent groundwater and surrounding environment contamination, the landfill needs to be designed according to sanitary landfill standards by providing low permeable bottom layers, storm water control, leachate collection and treatment, daily cover, as well as  4 other control measures. Application rates should not exceed 2000 kg per mu per year in general". Except one section, the sediment sampling and testing show that heavy metal contents in the sediments do not exceed GB18918-2002 standards and as such the sediments can be disposed of through agricultural land or piling in waste/abandant land. While it is possible that the sediment may be applied in agrilcutural for disposal, the very limited and diminishing agricultural land in the areas near urban Suzhou are unable to accept the large amount of sediments to be produced during dredging operation. Furthermore, the sediments contain many inert materials from dumping of solid waste from the urban areas over the years, such as plastics, glass, scrape metals, woods, etc. Sediments with these materials are clearly not suitable for agricultural land application. At the same time, the sediments do not need special control disposal such as landfilling based on the test results of sediment samples collected in the proposed dredging areas. The proposed Sanjiaozhui site is zoned as green area in Suzhou's master plan. The current land utilization is fish ponds, water ponds and other forms of land drepression, suitable for sediment piling and disposal. Once the piling operation is completed, the site will be landscaped by planting trees, lawns and other vegetation. This is a safe disposal option and compliance with the city planning. The World Bank comments raised the concern about the testing results presented in Table 5.6-4 of the original report. This is due to a translation error in the English EA document. The areas left blank in this table for lead, nickel, and cyanide are actually concentrations below the detection limits. The original Chinese EA has clearly so indicated but errors occur in the English EA. This note serves as a record to correct the error and all blank spaces in Table 5.6-4 of the EA document should read "Below detection limits". The leaching test results of the sediments as shown in Table 5.6-4, with the correction mentioned above, indicate that none exceed the standards and sediments are not hazardous. The original approach of leaving Xiaomiduqiao river undredged was based on the considerations that the heavy metal contents in the sediments may be so high that the sediments were hazardous and Suzhou currently does not have the ability to handle large quantities of hazardous materials. However, when results from all tests including leachign test of a sediment sample from Xiaomiduqiao river are carefully re-evaluated, it becomes clear that although the conventional tests show that some heavy metals from sediments in this area exceeded the agricultural application standards, the leaching test of the sediment sample shows the sediment is not hazardous indicated by the lower than standard concentrations for hazardous materials. In other words, the sediment from this area has been contaminated by heavy metals to the extent that it is not suitable for agricultural land application as a disposal method and thus not be suitable to dispose the sediment from this area in the Sanjiaozui site. Given the sediment contamination status, the available options may be: i) leave the sediment undredged since the section is located in a dead end section of the river; ii) dredge the sediment and dispose it in Qizishan municipal solid waste landfill site which is  5 designed as a sanitary landfill with storm water control, infiltration control, leachate colletion and treatment and other environmental control in its design; the sediment may be disposed in the same zone in the landfill which is dedicated to dispose WWTP sludge (more discussion on this below); and iii) dredge the sediment and dispose it using another method such as a special controlled zone in the Sanjiaozui site. Each of these methods have advantages and drawbacks as well as unknows. To make an informed decision with an objective to have the least impacts to the environment, it has been decided a further study about the sediments at the site and disposal method will be engaged at the early stage of the project prior to commencing dredging (the dredging is to implement in fall of 2004 to 2005). The expert panel convened by SEPA for the EIA review on February 8 2004 also requested "further study is needed to demonstrate the environmental feasibility and reasonning of the non dredging approach". This further study will include additional sediment sampling and testing for contaminanted sediment delineation, landfilling approach evaluation, special zone in the Sanjiaozui site evaluation, environmetal impact of different options, etc. As indicated at the beginning of this note, the information presented herein is supplementary to both the original EIA and EMP reports. As such, the specific actions and mitigation measures including the further study for the Xiaomiduqiao sediment dredging approach described above and other parts of the note are deemed supplementary to the EMP. . 1.5 Alternative Options for Stormwater Collection Systems Except the old central city areas of Suzhou, all six WWTP serviced areas in this project have or will have separate stormwater and sewerage collection systems. The uncomtaminated stormwater will be collected in the separated system and discharged to surface water bodies directly, while sewerage will be collected by a different sewer system and diverted to WWTPs for treatment before discharging. 1.6 Cleaner Production and Industrial Polluction Control Action Plan in Jianasu Cleaner Production (CP) Programin Wuxi and Suzhouis presently focused on about 600 major polluters in the Tai Basin within Jiangsu Province. The program, under Jiangsu EPB, reportedly is achieving good results in a number of larger and more profitable industrial enterprises that have been willing to invest in process improvements, although the small and medium sized industrial operations may be more difficult to tackle. In Jiangsu's Tai Lake Water Pollution Control Tenth Five-Year Plan, one section deals specifically with CP. The plan calls for CP audit of major polluters in the Basin. More specifically, the between 2001 and 2005, the number of industrial operations have beedto be audited in Wuxi and Suzhou are 11, 75, 140, 210, and 566, respectively. This audit program has been on schedule so far and is well on its way to achieve its audit target for the remaining two years in the Five-Year plan. Since 1996, 659 industrial enterprises in Jiangsu province have been audited resulting in industrial pollution reduction of 20% from the 1996level. In the Circular About the Last Three Years Cleaner Production ImplementationPlan in Jiangsu, issued by the provincial government on September 8, 2003, the government further emphasizes the control of the industrial pollution from its sources and sets the target to establish Suzhou, Wuxi, Changzhou and Zhengjiang as the CP model cities in the province. The Circular also calls for the completion of audits for all major industrial polluters in the following sectors in the province by 2004: dyeing, metallurgical, chemicals, power, construction materials, light  6 industries. The special focus of the audit will be paid to industrial operations, which cannot be stably and consistentlymeet the discharge standards.The Circular reiterates again that industrial pollution control by the industries themselves is regulatory requirements and is thus mandatory. The Circulardemands governments,particularlyEPBs at differentlevels to maintain and enhance their effortsfor regulatory enforcement. 2. Appropriateness of the Sanjiaozui site for sediment disposal from the Suzhou rivernetwork Sanjiaozui site selected for sediment disposal from the Suzhou river network dredging programs has been evaluated and considered appropriate because of the following considerations: Fully compliant with the Suzhou master plan for land utilization. The Sanjiaozui site areas are zoned by the master plan to be the green areas in the future. Once the piling operation is completed, the site will be landscaped and integrated with the surrounding green areas as zoned by the master plan The site is currently fish pond, water pond and depressed lands and converting it to green areas in the future as zoned by the city's master plan would require a large amount soil materials for land filling. The utilization of sediment would save a large amount of soil which would otherwised borrowed from the areas causing other environmental issues such as erosion, disturbance of the vegetation, transportation, etc. The sediments from the dredged areas meet the agricultural standards and thus can be disposed of as filling materials Sanjiaozui site is located in the suburb Suzhou, with a very few residents in the nearby areas except some scattered located rural residential housing. There is no nature reserve or landscaping or other sensitive receptors. The site geological conditions are suitable from the loads from the sediment filling. The site bottom has about 3.6 m of clay or silty clay with the infiltration rate of to c d s . Lake Tai basin in its natural setting is all on about 100 year flood plains. With the urbanization and develoment, flood control standards in urban centers, industrial zones, concentrated residential areas, etc. in the basin have gradually lifted to 200 year flood plains through flood control and other hydraulic facilities. The Sanjiaozui site area does not have any specificial flood control facilities and remains on the 100 year flood plain which is sufficient for this type of operation. Based on the above considerations, the EA concludes the site is appropriate for sediments disposal. 3. Appropriateness of the Qizishan and Taohuashan domestic landfill sites for WWTPsludge disposal The testing results of sludge from existing operating WWTPs (Table 4.4-1 of the EA1 report) show that the sludge from the project areas is not hazardous, nor it is explosive, flammable, corrosive or radioactive. Although further tests including leaching tests have been planned and included in the EMP for sludge to be generated by the project WWTPs at the inception of their operations to confirm these nature, the sludge may be classified  7 as Category I industrial waste which by definition in the Chinese regulations is non-hazardous. Its disospal is generally at a landfill following the standards stipulated in GB18599-2001. The municipal solid waste landfills are proposed as the disposal sites for the sludge based on the following considerations: Both proposed landfills meet the Category I industrial waste landfill design requirements. The infiltration rate at the landfill sites is less than K<lO-7cm/s, providing the needed protection for groundwater Both landfills have leachate collection and treatment systems, meeting the applicable requiremetns for general industrial and sanitation landfills Geology at both landfills meet the requirements for sludge disposal There are storm interception and collection systems surrounding landfills The general design of the landfills meet the Category I industrial waste landfill. There is no industrial waste landfill in the project cities. Operating experience for municipal solid waste landfill to accept WWTP sludge for disposal. Article 5.2 of GB16889-1997 ("Standard for Pollution on the Landfill Site for Domestic Waste") states that it is prohibited to mix hazardous waste with domestic solid waste. It is banned to dispose hazardous, explosive, radioactive, epidemic and corrosive wastes at municipal solid waste landfills. As the sludge is not hazardous nor of any of the above listed natures, the proposed sludge disposal scheme (in the municipal solid waste landfills) does not contradict with the regulatory requirements of GB16889-1997. In fact, landfill disposal of WWTP sludge is widely practiced in many parts of China following close review and approval by SEPA (the ultimate regulatory interpretation and enforcement agency) and other levels of EPB. Disposal of the sludge in municipal solid waste landfills is normally, therefore, the safest and most environmentally sound disposal methods. As there is no industrial landfill in Suzhou and Wuxi, sludge form operating WWTPs is disposed in these two landfills proposed for disposal of sludge from the project WWTPs. To avoid the mixed landfilling of sludge and municipal solid waste, the existing practice is to create a separate zone or working cell for in the landfiling area of the landfill for the dedicated sludge disposal. Sludge from Lucun WWTP and Xiqu WWTP has been disposed in this manner in the Taohuashan and Qizishan landfills, respectively. During the project EA, the team visited both landfills and conducted general inspections, observations and evaluation of the site operations and also discussed with landfill operators on operation methods and pollution control. Based on these site activities, the EA concluded that the landfill operations are in full compliance applicable regulatory standards and criteria. In Februray 2004 during the EIA report review by a SEPA convened expert panel, the experts also visited the both landfills and they concurred with EA'S observations and conclusion about compliance status of the landfill operations and considered both landfills are operating in full compliance with relevant state standards.  8 If sludge from any of the WWTPs is found to be hazardous and if the hazardous waste landfill is not in place by 2006 as planned at the time of commissioning of the respective WWTP, the WWTP which generate hazardous sludge will stop accepting industrial effluent. A process will be initiate to identify the sources of the hazardous materials tracking all the way to the industrial operation which is responsible. This particular industry will be ordered to stop operating and stop discharging until it complies fully with discharge standards. The termination of operation order is part of a regulatory requirement and can be implemented through local EPB. At the same time, any hazardous sludge already generated will be stored safely at the WWTP sites. The temporary storage areas will have concrete or other impermeable slabs, side walls stop any leachate from leaving the area and a canopy to protect the rain from contacting the sludge. The sludge will be stored in the temporary storage until the city's hazardous waste disposal facility is constructed. The temporary storage of hazardous waste is a standard practice as the best available option in the absense of hazardous waste disposal facilities among the country's most environmentally responsible industrial corporations and does not conflict any applicable regulations. 4. Additionalinformation regardingthe Wuli Lake sedimentdredgingcomponent. The dredging operation, which is not linked to the Bank financed components since it is neither a pre-condition nor a consequence of Bank-financed components, has been completed and dredged sediment has been disposed of at the Xuelang site, which is a land of abandoned fish ponds and depressed areas. According to a sampling and testing program, heavy metals in sediment from Wuli lake are all below the Pollutant Control Standards for Agricultural Application of Sludge (GB4284-84), as shown in Table 4-1. Disposal at the site, although not included in the EA for the Bank-financed project, is considered appropriate. Table 4-1 Heavy Metal Contents in the Wuli Lake Sediments 5 Mitigatory measuresfor odoremissions fromWWTPs The original EA report has some errors regarding the the distances of sensitive receptors to the WWTP boundardies. To correct the errors, Table 7.2-2 from the original draft EA report is presented below again (note: there is no sensitive receptor near other WWTPs).  9 As shown in the table, Nandi village near the Anzhen WWTP (code No. 14) and guesthouse near Loujiang WWTP (code No. 33) are located in distances which are shorter than the protective distance. But the distances shown in the table are those to the WWTP boundaries and if the distance to the source of aidodor emission is added, the distance between the two sensitive receptors to the odor sources in the WWTPs will be 210 m and 100 m, respectively. This shows that all sensitive receptors except the Loujiang WWTP guesthouse are located beyond the protective distances. Table 7.2-2 Protective Targets for WWTP To further determine the impact of nuisance odors from WWTP operation to the sensitive receptors, an area emission source impact model was used in the EA to simulate the potential impact. The model considers WWTP scale and processes to be adopted to determine the nuisance odor intensity and then the nuisance substance concentrations in the ambient air at the WWTP boundaries and the closest point sensitive receptors to the WWTP. The results, presented in the draft EA report, are presented again below with needed modifications to correct earlier errors. When compared with the standards (Pollutants Discharge Standards of Urban Wastewater Treatment Plants GB18918-2002 for WWTP boundaries and Industrial Enterprises Health Design Standards TJ36-79 for sensitive receptors), all except the guesthouse of Loujiang WWTP are expected to meet the standards. The guesthouse is a temporary building belong to a neighbouring corporation and the modeling results show at this location the subanstances causing nuisance odor are expected to exceed the standards. As a mitigation, the guesthouse is to convert to other uses not sensitive to odor. The project is to compensate to for the change. MZ. Conc. (mg/m3> MZ. Conc. (mg/m3) Stds. (mg/m3) Meet WWTP Location (Wind: 3 d s ) (Wind: 2 d s ) Stds. NH3 H2S NH3 H2S NH3 H2S Boundary 0.1756 0.055 0.1834 0.0575 1.5 0.060 Y Loujiang Guesthouse 0.1733 0.0542 0.18 0.0564 0.20 0.01 N Fuxin Boundary 0.0314 0.0107 0.0471 0.0161 1.5 0.060 Y  10 E 8.40E-05 2.07E-03 1.26E-04 3.11E-03 1.5 0.060 Y S 3.11E-04 7.70E-03 4.67E-04 1.16E-02 1.5 0.060 Y Wuzhong boundary W 7.73E-04 1.91E-02 1.16E-03 2.87E-02 1.5 0.060 Y N 2.68E-04 6.60E-03 4.00E-04 9.90E-03 1.5 0.060 Y Table 7.2-6 Wuxi WWTPAir Emission Modeling Results Dist. Max. Conc. (mg/m3) Max. Conc. (mg/m3) Stds Meet1 WWTP Location (Wind: 2ds) (Wind: 3ds) (mg/m3) Stds NH3 I H2S NH3 I H1S NH3 IH2S Boundary I 0.074682 0.009958 0.049788 0.006638 1.5 0.06 Y Huishan Gov't & fire hall 500 0.008085 0.001078 0.00539 0.000719 0.2 0.01 Y Boundary / 0.163623 0.021529 0.109082 0.014353 1.5 0.06 Y Dongting Geqiang village 250 0.025865 0.003403 0.017243 0.002269 0.2 0.01 Y 1 Boundary / 0.102991 0.015792 0.068661 0.010528 1.5 0.06 Y Nianyuqiao village I 220 I0.015098 I 0.002315 10.010065 I 0.001543 I0.2 I 0.01IY I Anzhen Lejiali village 250 0.014104 0.002163 0.009402 0.001442 0.2 0.01 Y Nanditian village 180 0.018178 0.002787 0.012119 0.001858 0.2 0.01 Y Xialushu village 200 0.018178 0.002787 0.012119 0.001858 0.2 0.01 Y 6. Mitigatory Measures for Noise Emissions from WWTPs and the Suzhou Polluted River Component. The baseline noise monitoring results, conducted during the EA, shows that at Huishan and Loujiang WWTPs, noise is mainly from the railways, road and water traffic on the Grand Canal on southeast and south sides of the plants. Some locations have already exceeded the night time noise standards. The noise modeling shows that the WWTP operation alone would not exceed the standards but when compounded with the backgroundhaseline noise, the noise would. More specifically, the site noise monitoring shows that the background noise in the areas resulting mainly from the transportation activities is 60.3 dB(A) at night, while the projected noise from Huishan WWTP at the same locations is 39.8 dB(A). Similarly, the background noise at the Loujiang WWTP sitie is 60.6 dB(A) at night due mainly to the industrial operation surrounding the site. The noise from the operating Loujiang Phase I WWTP is only 42.1 dB(A) at the WWTP boundary. The details of noise measurements are presented in Table 7.3-1 of the original EA report showing that noise from the WWTP operation at the boundary, either projected or actually measured from early phases, is always lower than the background noise at the same locations. This shows that the exceedance of noise is mainly caused by noise sources other than the WWTP operations. There is no sensitive receptor near Fuxin WWTP. At the Loujiang WWTP, the neighbouring guesthouse will be impacted by the increased noise. As decribed above (air emission mitigation measure), this guesthouse will be converted to other usees not sensitve to noise. In directions facing sensitive receptors, including those beyond the  11 controlled distances and no significant impacts, several rows of trees or up to 10 m thick of bamboo will be planted, which is expected to reduce noise levels by about 3-5 dB(A). At the operation phase, the ship locks of the Suzhou flood control gates and shiplock component would also generate noise. The noise prediction shows that noise at the Xujiang shiplock would exceed the noise standards at the surrounding residential areas. To mitigate the impact, the shiplock will be banned to operate at night time. 7. EnvironmentalManagement Organizations The roles and responsibilities of organizations for environmental management in this project are as follows: Jiangsu PMO - is responsible for project preparation, coordination with the state approval agencies, project proponents and the World Bank. In this process, the PMO is responsible for engaging and supervising institutions to conduct and complete project environmental impact assessment and facilitate SEPA's review and approval. During the project implementation, the PMO will engage environmental monitoring and supervision organizations and will also review environmental monitoring reports and react as may be necessary with remedial actions. City EPBs - are regulatory angecies which will be responsible for review and approval of project component EIAs during project preparation and review environmental monitoring reports during project implementation. The agencies are responsible for regulatory enforcement of standards for project components (WWTP, landfill, etc.). The agencies will inspect and supervise the implementation of the EMP and various mitigation measures proposed for this project. More specifically,the EPBs will Review environmental monitoring reports submitted by the environmental monitoring stations; Inspect such facilities as Sanjiaozui sediment disposal sites, effluent discharge facilities and sludge landfill sites Inspect floodpollution control gates construction on its impacts to tourist attractions and cultural relics sites as well as construction safety. Project Owners - or project proponents. These include Suzhou Water Authority, Wuxi Hydrology Bureau, Huishan Wastewater Corporation, Xishan Wastewater Corporation, Wuzhong Wastewater Corporation and Suzhou Qingyuan Constuction Ltd. These organizations are legally responsible for the environmental performance of their respective WWTP facilities. They will be responsible for engaging contractors and construction supervision and as such to ensure that environmental protection clauses be included in the contracts with those contractors and supervision companies. They are also responsible for preparing environmental monitoring reports and implement any requests and requirements from EPBs and PMO. More specifically,the project owners would: Prepare environmental management systems based on the EMP to be included in the bid documents and prepare contracts Implement environmental management plan and training programs Organize bids and select contractors and in that process to ensure environmental management and mitigation part of the contractual obligations  12 Engage design institute for engineering design and EIA Engage certified environmental monitoring stations to conduct monitoring during both construction and operation phases. Prepare and implement remedial actions should monitoring reports show non-compliance. Contractor - are responsible for project construction. As such they will be responsible for implementing the mitigation measures outlined in the EMP, bid documents, design documents and their construction contracts. Monitoring Stations - Engaged by PMO or project owners to perform the environmental monitoring outlined in the EMP and monitoring plan. They will also be responsible for preparing environmental monitoring reports and submit them to EPB, PMO and project owners for review. An organization chart showing various organizations involved in environmental management of the project is presented the following chart. Environmentalmanagement systemduringthe construction phase: Suzhou EPB Wuxi EPB monitoring dates Supervise I I A Instruct to Submitmonitoring A construct v dates Instructto Submit monitoring monitoring dates noise monitoring) Qualified EMU  13 Environmental management system during the operationphase: I JiangsuEPB I Suzhou EPB Wuxi EPB Supervisory A Submit monitoring monitoring information Instruct to A Submit monitoring monitoring information Organizationalchart of environmentalmanagementsystemfor the Project 8. Environmental Management and MonitoringPlan 8.1Suzhou Rehabilitation Component Suzhou World Bank Loan Project Management Office (formly translated, incorrectly as TBUEP by Utilizing World Bank Loans Project Office of Suzhou) is a project management and cooridation office for the components in Suzhou city. Its role is to assist the provincial PMO as well as its own municipal government to coordinate project preparatin and implemention for the Suzhou component. The role and responsibility for environmental management of Suzhou EBP (which is a regulatory agency), Suzhou Water Authority (for river dredging) and Construciton Management Division (for construciton of WWTs) are described in the above section. The total construction period for the dredging component will be 2 years arranged in the dry (non flood) season (October to May next year). The whole work will be divided into three contract sections, Le., Hedong New District, Xujiang and south city area and north and east city areas. All contract sections will start dredging simutaneously. Prior to the commencement of sediment dredging, the sediment site at Sanjiaozui will first be prepared including draining of the fish pond, site cleanup and preparation, temporary barge terminal, etc. The construction schedule is shown in the following table.  14 Construction schedule of Suzhou river network dredging component Component Construction schedule Suzhou river network dredging (including Oct. 2004-May 2005 construction of Sanjiaozui sediment disposalsite) I Oct 2005-May 2006 The environmental monitoring plan in the EMF) has been modified to increase the frequency and sampling sites/locations. The modified monitoring plan, based on Table 5-1 of the EMPis presented as follows: Table 5-1 Environmentalmonitoringplanfor Suzhourivernetworkdredgingcomponent Location IMonitoring point and cross-section Monitoring I Darameters Frequency Construction1 lase Dredging Shangtang River (XinmingBridge), Daily during 3 days rivers Shangtang River (Guangji Bridge), before dredging and Xiaomidu River (Xiaomidu Bridge) weekly after it. Surface water Sludge Waicheng River (PingmenBridge, SS, Oils shipping Xiangmen Bridge) Xujiang River Bimonthly rivers (Tairang Bridge), DalonggangRiver, Shiziyang River (QianwanliBridge) Groundwater 3 points at the site (2 at upstream and I a1 pH, Total Twice bcforc piling downstream) soluble solids, and once after it. CODm,, Effluent of NH3-N,phenol, Sanjiaozui sediment 1point at effluent outlet NO3-N,Hg, Cd, Monthly sediment Cr6+,Cu, As, disposal site Pb. Zn 1 point at dyke of'Shiziyang River near the site Monthly Ambient air Fuxin residential area (40 m to Once a day for 3 Both sides of XuanrendagangRiver), Residential area Odor (H2S) days before dredging (30m to Shangtang River), Old dredging and rivers residential area (20 m both sides of weekly if' it meet Noise Qingjie River) standard langwangmiao River, Xiaomiduqiao Liver(2 points), Jiuqugang River, lalonggang River(2 points), Jaixiangbang River(2 points), Guoqiao pH, water Liver, Taying River, Yangjiazhuang River, content, Once before Sediment Dredging leigan River, Qingyang River, Wojinbang thickness of construction and rivers Liver,Zhifangbang River, Old Canal, sediment, Hg, leaching tests at the Liangyang Bridge at Loujiang River, IengtangBridge at Grand Canal, Cd, Cr., Cu, As, same time. itersection of Dalonggang River and Pb, Zn, Ni irand Canal, Shangtang River, Shangtang Liver and Bailianbang River.  c 15 1Operation Pha WaichengRiver (PingmenBridge, Xiangmen Bridge) Xujiang River (Tairang ridge), DalonggangRiver, Shiziyang pH, CODM,, Surface water Routine River (QianwanliBridge), Shangtang S S , NH3-N, TP, Bimonthly cross-section River (Xinmin Bridge), Shangtang River oils (GuanjiBridge), Xiaomidu River (XiaomiduBridge) L pH, Total Once during dry, Groundwater 3 points at the site (2 at upstream and 1 at soluble solids, average and wet downsrream) CODM~, seasons Sanjiaozui NH3-N, phenol, respectively. Effluent of sediment N03-N' Hg' Monthly in first 3 sediment disposal site 1point located in 1km downstream outlet. Cd, ,Cr6+,?Cu, As, Pb, Zn years (reduce frequency until the Ambient air 1point at ShiziyangRiver near the site Odor (H2S, NH?) site is steady) Note: For each of the parameters in the table, a measurement is to be made before construction as baseline value. 8.2 Wuli Lake Rehabilitation Component Wuxi World Bank Loan Project Management Office (formly translated, incorrectly as TBUEP by Utilizing World Bank Loans Project Office of Wuxi) is a project management and coordination office for project components in Wuxi City. Its role is to assist the provincial PMO as well as its own municipal government to coordinate project preparation and implemention for the Suzhou component. Wuxi will engage Wuxi Environmental Monitoring Station, a certified insitution for environmental monitoring during construction. Please note the Wuli lake dredging is not part of the project and has been completed. 8.3 WWTPs As described above the Suzhou and Wuxi PMOS are municipal project management offices under their respective municipal governments. Their roles are to assist the provinical PMO and their own governments to coordiate project preparation among government agencies and with the World Bank. They do not own the project or organize directly project construction. Suzhou Qingyuan Co. Ltd., Wuzhong Wastewater Corporation, Wuxi Xishan Wastewater Corporation and Huishan Wastewater Corporation are owners of the WWTPs under this project. They are independed legal entities and commercially registered corporations. The WWTP construction and operation are their main line of business. As the legal owners of the WWTPs, these corporations will be legally responsible for any environmental problems arised from construction and operations of the WWTPs under their respective management.  16 The environmental monitoring during the construction phase will be conducted by local environmental monitoring station which was translated incorrecly as a qualified department. These monitoring stations are part of the government agencies and monitoring the environment as part of the regulatory enforcement procedures. During the operation, the monitoring stations will also be responsible for monitoring the environment, including industrial and WWTP effluent discharges. The operational parameters will be performed by WWTP internal laboratories for operational control. The WWTP will also determine the wastewater characteristics of industrial effluent connecting to the municipal sewers leading to the WWTPs, based on the design and EIA which have been reviewed and approved by SEPA and EBPs. The industrial effluent connecting to the municipal sewer will be monitored using online monitoring equipment installed by WWTPs which will provide warning until disconnecting should the monitoring show that industrial effluent exceed the sewer discharge standards. The online monitoring will include pH, COD, DO and other parameters as may be appropriate. The environmental monitoring plans presented in EMP as Tables 5-6 to 5-10 have been modified and presented again below: Table 5-6 Environmentalmonitoringplan for Fuxin WWTPduringoperation :riod Item 1Locatior Monitoring point Monitoring parameters and frequency Monitoring unit Plant monitoring: (a) Daily for flow*, pH*, SS, CODcr*,BOD5,NH3-N. TP, TN, DO*, MLSS*, chloride, (* being automatic online monitoring item), Influent of (b) Weekly for bacillus coli, Chemical WWTP (c) Monthly for aldehyde, oils, volatile phenol, sulfide laboratory of Wastewater WWTP fluoride, cyanide, aniline, and, WWTPs (d) Twice a year for Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr6+,As, Hg, Cd, Ni, total Cr. (Note:(c) and (d) are monitored daily during first 3 months, and monitoring main pollution parameter daily after identifying it. Effluent of Supervisory monitoring: Ditto Qualified WWTP Quarterly for (a), (b), and (c) Yearly for (d) monitoring unit Water content, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr", As, Hg, Cd, Ni and bacillus coli. Twice a month in first 3 months and four Sludge times a year. Water content of sludge will be measurec Chemical Sludge treatmenl Sludge heap of before being covered up. laboratory of unit WWTPs Leaching test will be carried out twice a week in first WWTPs month and twicc a month in following 3 months and twice a year at last. H2S, NH3, and odor concentration Jpwind and Twice a week in first month and monthly in first year. iownwind at If the monitoring result shows the odor produced Chemical Odor WWTP ioundary of during wastewater treatment has no obvious impact to laboratory of WWTP and surrounding environment, the frequency can be WWTPs iumping station reduced to twice in summer and once in spring and  U 17 4 points within Leq (A) Chemical Noise boundary Twice a week in first month and weekly in following Of laboratoryof WWTP 3 months and monthly in day and night time if no obvious change. WWTPs Upstream and 400m downstream Bimonthlyduring normal discharge, and twice a day The for 2 days in case of accidental wastewater discharge River Grand outlet, from the effluent at 400m downstreamfrom the effluent outlet. Qualified Canal Changqiao, Monitoringparameters are pH, CODc,, BODS, monitoring unit Zhantai Lake, NH3-N,TP, TN, volatilephenol, IIg, Cd, C'r6+, Cu, As, Yinshan and pb, An and Ni. Xiegang sections Table 5-7 Environmental monitoring plan for Loujiang WWTPduring operatior ieriod Item Location Monitoring point Monitoring parameters and frequency Monitoringunit ~ Plant monitoring: (a) Daily for flow*, pH*, SS, CODc,*, BODS,NH3-N, TP, TN, DO*, MLSS*, chloride, (* being automatic online monitoring item), (b) Weekly for bacillus coli, Chemical (c) Monthly for aldehyde,oils, volatilephenol, sulfide, laboratoryof Wastewate WWTP Effluentof fluoride, cyanide, aniline, and, WWTPs WWTP (d) Twice a year for Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr6+,As, Hg, Cd, Ni, total Cr. (Note:(c)and (d) are monitored daily during first 3 months, and monitoring main pollutioii parameter daily after identifying it. Supervisory monitoring: Ditto Quarterly for (a), (b), and (c) Qualified Yearly for (d) nonitoring unit Water content,Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr6+,As, Hg, Cd, Ni and bacillus coli. Twice a month in first 3 months and four Sludge times a year. Water contentof sludge will be measured Chemical Sludge -eatment sludge heap of before being covered up. laboratory of unit AJWTP Leaching test will be carried out twice a week in first WWTPs month and twice a month in following 3 months and twice a year at last. H2S,NH3,and odor concentration Jpwind and Twice a week in first month and monthly in first year. lownwind at If the monitoring result shows the odor produced Chemical Odor )oundaryof during wastewater treatment has no obvious impact to laboratoryof WWTPand surrounding environment, the frequency can be WWTPs WWTP )urnpingstation reduced to twice in summer and once in spring and Ipoints within Leq (A) Chemical Noise )oundaryof Twice a week in first month and weekly in following laboratory of NWTP 3 months and monthly in day and night time if no obvious change. WWTPs Ciangyangqiao, Bimonthly during normal discharge, and twice a day ienghuangjing, for 2 days in case of accidental wastewater discharge River ,oujiang hatang, Weiting at 400m downstream from the effluent outlet. Qualified nd Zhujia Monitoring parameters are pH, CODc, BODS, nonitoring unit sections As.Pb. An and Nj. NH3-N,TP, TN, volatile phenol, Ilg, Cd, Cr", Cu,  18 Table 5-8Environmentalmonitoringplan forWuzhong- WWTPduringoperation nod _ _ - . Item Location Monitoring point Monitoring parameters and frequency vlonitoringunit Plant monitoring: (a) Daily for flow*, pH*, SS, CODc,*, BOD5,NH3-N TP, TN, DO*, MLSS*, chloride, (* being automatic online monitoring item), (b) Weekly for bacillus coli, Chemical (c) Monthly for aldehyde, oils, volatile phenol, laboratory of sulfide, fluoride, cyanide, aniline, and, WWTPs Wastewatei WWTP Effluentof WWTP (d) Twice a year for Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr6+,As, Hg, Cd, Ni total Cr. (Note:(c) and (d) are monitored daily dumg first 3 months, and monitoring main pollutioii parameter daily after identifying it. Supervisory monitoring: Ditto Environmental Quarterly for (a), (b), and (c) Monitoring Yearly for (d) tation (EMS) of Vuzhong district Water content, Cu, Pb, Zn, Crb+,As, Hg, Cd, Ni and bacillus coli. Twice a month in first 3 months and fou Chemical Sludge times a year. Water content of sludge will be measurec laboratory of Sludge reatmeni Of before being covered up. WWTPs unit WWTPsheap Leaching test will be carried out twice a heek ITIfirst month and twice a month in following 3 months and twice a year at last. H2S, NH3, and odor concentration Upwind and Twice a week in first month and monthly in first year lownwind at If the monitoring result shows the odor produced Chemical Odor )oundary of during wastewater treatment has no obvious impact laboratory of WWTP and to surrounding environment, the frequency can be WWTPs WWTP mmping station reduced to twice in summer and once in spring and autumn. lpointswithin h q (A) Chemical Noise Joundary of Twice a week in first month and weekly in fc)llowiiig laboratory of WWTP 3 months and monthly in day and night time if no obvious change. WWTPs Bimonthly during normal discharge, and twice a day The Jpstream and for 2 days in case of accidental wastewater discharge Environmental River Grand IOOm downstream at 400m downstream from the effluent outlet. Monitoring Canal rom the effluent Monitoring parameters are pH, CODC,,BOD5, tation (EMS) of utlet. NH3-N, TP, TN, volatile phenol, Ilg, Cd, Cr6', Cu, hzhong district As, Pb, An and Ni. Table 5-9 Environmentalmonitoringplanfor HuishanWWTPduringoperationperiod Item Location Monitoring point I Monitoring parameters and frequency I Monitoring unit Plant monitoring: (a) Daily for flow*, pH*, SS, CODc,*, BODS, NH3-N, TP, TN, DO*, MLSS*, chloride, (*being automatic online monitoring item), (b) Weekly for bacillus coli, Chemical (c) Monthly for aldehyde, oils, volatile phenol, laboratory of sulfide, fluoride, cyanide, aniline, and, WWTPs WastewateI WWTP lffluentof WWTP (d) Twice a year for Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr6+,As, Hg, Cd, Ni, total Cr. (Note:(c) and (d) me monitored daily during first 3 months, and monitoring main pollution parameter daily after identifying it. Supervisory monitoring: Ditto Environmental Quarterly for (a), (b), and (c) Monitoring Yearly for (d) Station (EMS) of Huishan district  19 Water content, Cu,Pb, Zn, Cr", As, Hg, Cd, Ni and bacillus coli. Twice a month in first 3 months and four times a year. Water content of sludge will be Chemical Sludge .reatment Of measured before being covered up. laboratory of unit WWTPsheap Leaching test will he carried out twice a week in WWTPs titst month and twice a nionth in following 3 months and twice a year at last. H2S,NH3,and odor concentration Upwind and Twice a week in first mnonth and monthly in first downwind at year. If the monitoring result shows the odor Chemical Odor boundary of WWTP produced during wastewater treatment has no laboratory of and pumping obvious impact to surrounding environment, the WWTPs WWTP station frequency can be reduced to twice in summer and once in spring and autumn. 4points within Leq (A) Chemical Noise boundary of Twice a week in first month and weekly in laboratory of WWTP following 3 months and monthly in day and night time if no obvious change. WWTPs Bimonthly during normal discharge, and twice a day for 2 days in case of accidental wastewater Environmental River Xibei ~ ~ $ ~ discharge at 400m~downstreamr from the effluent ~ ~ a ~ ~ m Monitoring the effluent outlet.outlet. Monitoring parameters are pH, CODC,, tation (EMS) of BODS,NH3-N, TP, TN, volatile phenol, ffg, Cd, luishan district Cr", Cu, As, Pb, An and Ni. Table 5-10 Environmental monitoring plan for Dongting and Anzhen WWTP during operation Item Location Monitoring point Monitoring parameters and frequency IMonitoring unit Plant monitoring: (a) Daily for flow*, pH*, SS, CODc,*, BODS, NH3-N, TP, TN, DO*, MLSS*, chloride, colourity (* being automatic online monitoring item), Chemical (b) Weekly for bacillus coli, and laboratory of WWTPs Wastewate WWTP Effluent of (c) Monthly for aldehyde, oils, volatile phenol, WWTP sulfide, fluoride, cyanide, aniline, anionic surfactant, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr6+,As, Hg, Cd, Ni, total Cr. Environmental Monitoring Station (EMS) of Xishan district and bacillus coli. Twice a month in first 3 Chemical Sludge Sludge Sludge heap of months (leaching test at the meantime) and four treatment unit WWTPs times a year (including twice leaching test). laboratory of Water content of sludge will be measured before - WWTPs Upwind and IH2S, N H 3 , and odor concentration ]beingcovered up. Monthly in first year. If the monitoring result downwind at shows the odor produced during wastewater Chemical Odor boundary of treatment has no obvious impact to surrounding laboratory of WWTP WWTP and environment, the frequency can be reduced to WWTPs pumping station twice in summer and once in spring and autumn. Leq (A) Chemical Noise Iboundary 4points within of Weekly in first 3 months and monthly in day laboratory of WWTP - (andnight time if no obvious change.- WWTPs River Xinxingtang ]Upstreamand IBimonthly during normal discharge, and twice Environmental  20 and 400m a day for 2 days in case of accidental Monitoring Station Wanshandang downstreamfrom wastewater dischargeat 400m downstream (EMS)of Xishan effluentoutlet. fromthe effluentoutlet.Monitoring parameters district Iphenol. are pH, CODc,, BODS,NH3-N, TP, TN, volatile 9. Environmental Management and Monitoring Cost The environmental management and monitoring costs have been updated to reflect the changes and modifications made in this supplementary information. The costs are summarized in the table below. Item Phase Cost (~10,000Yuan) Surface water Construction 0.2 Groundwater Construction 1.7 (include sediment leachate) ODeration 1.7 Air monitoring Construction 1.o Operation 0.5 Noise Construction 1.5 Environmental management 2.0 Total 8.6 Items Phases Cost (~10,000Yuan) Surface water Construction 0.4 Operation 21 Noise Construction 0.4 Operation 0.9 Air Construction 0.9 Sludge Operation 3.4 Total 27.0 The above table is based on the experience of the operating Fuxin WWTP Phase I. As the six WWTPs have different scales and different levels of impacts due to the differences in the surrounding conditions and WWTP layouts, the monitoring costs would be different. Basically, Anzhen and Wuzhong WWTP at 20-25,000 t/d, the monitoring cost would be 190,000 Yuan, Huishan and Dongting WWTP at 50,000 t/d the monitoring cost would be 230,000 Yuan and Loujiang and Fuxin WWTP with capacity of over 100,000 t/d, the monitoring cost would be 270,000 Yuan. The total monitoring costs for six WWTPs will be 1,380,000Yuan and the total for all project components will be 1,854,000Yuan. 10. Staff TrainingProgram The agenies to be included in the staff training programs include the following: PMO City EBPs Project onwers (the water authority,hydrology bureau and WWTP corporations) Monitoring stations EA institutions  21 For the construction training, the organizations to be included in the training programs will also include contractors, construction supervision companies, landfill operators and WWTP operators. The staff in the training will be: Project management Environmental management and environmentalregulators Technical and engineering staff in the PMO and project owners Chemical analysts and monitoring staff Landfill and WWTP operators For contractor training, one deputy general manager and one site environmental staff from each of the contractors and construction supervision companies. The criteria used to select staff for domestic and overseas training program include: Working directly and indirectly on the project Having certain management or technical positions with their respective organizations Basic knowledge of environmental management and/or technical background Minimum of one year of similar experience (overseas trainingprogram only) sufficient command of English language. 11. Sewer Network ImpactAssessment and Mitigation Impact assessments for sewer network construction and mitigation have been included in the original EA and EMP reports. The following is supplementary information. The sewer network for Wuzhong in Suzhou and Anzhen, Dongting and Huishan WWTPs are part of the World Bank financed projects while the Loujiang and Fuxin WWTP do not have sewer network components. The wastewater collection systems in Huishan, Anzhen and Wuzhong sewer network services are mostly to be constructed on the green field, together with road and other infrastructure. Impacts from the construction of these sewer lines are limited as the project areas will still be under development with minimum sensitive receptors. In other sewer service areas, sewer lines are needed to construct, at least partially, in urban built up areas. Main potentially adverse impacts will be block of urban traffic, airborne dust during excavation, noise from machinery, outing and convenience of local residents and construction safety to the general public. The impacts of the sewer network components are primarily in the construction phase and once completed, the sewer networks will be underground and will have little impacts to the environment and communities during the operation phase. The main impacts of sewer network construction are: Noise - large machineries for digging, pipeline positioning, backfilling and road pavement will be used during sewer line construction. In addition, there will be increased traffic during construction for pipe transportation from manufacturers to the construction sites. If closely located to the construction sites, the receptors will be impacted by increased noise.  22 Experience from the past project experiences indicate that noise impacts may extend to areas up to 100m from the noise source during the day time and longer at night. Airborne dust - excavation, earth piling and backfilling and traffic movement will result in airborne dust affecting ambient air quality. If without any mitigation measure, the dust concentration is expected to reach 2.89 mg/m320 m from such an activity and to reduce to 0.86 mg/m3 100 m from the site. Therefore, the impact will be limited to residents located within 100m from the construction sites and along the both sides of construction materials transportationroutes. Surface runoff -Once soil is disturbed and exposed soil will be vulnerable for erosion. As a result, the surface runoff could contain high suspended solids. In the areas with abundant surface water bodies, surface runoff would enter the surface water bodies quickly, along with it suspended solids, which will affect the surface water quality. Traffic - sewer line construction is mostly along the existing or newly built roads. During the construction, a large portion of the roads will be occupied by the construction activities, stockpiles of soil and construction machineries. Road capacity would be seriously reduced and traffic blocked. Convenience - The excavated roads would cause inconvenience to residents living near the roads for their outings. The shops, schools, hospitals and other public services located on the roadside will also be affected for inconvenience to access. Safety - Once the roads are excavated, they would be a potential safety hazard. Particularly at night, falling risks would further increase if the construction sites were not well lit. Since the construction sites are mostly in urban areas and cannot always be sealed from the communities, construction activities such as machinery movement will also create safety hazards to residents particularly students who may have low safety awareness. Mitigation measures are: Nighttime construction as well as construction in sensitive time such as noon nap time and school exams time will be banned to reduce the noise impacts. Low noise construction machines will be used where possible. The construction should also be scheduled carefully to avoid sensitive time and to complete as quickly as possible for a given section. Stockpile for materials and main transportation roads will be watered in dry and windy days to suppress the dust from airborne. Truck tires will be washed before leaving the construction sties. Soil except that to be used as backfill should be truck out of the construction sites as quickly as possible. Stockpile soil will be carefully planned if possible to minimize the potential of erosion and quick discharge into the surface water bodies. In sensitive water bodies such as those with fish resources, temporary holding ponds may be built to intercept the surface runoff before discharginginto the water. Traffic will be better planned together with the traffic police prior to the construction. For seriously affected roads, temporary one-way street may be created. The roads may also ban motor vehicles except buses and taxi to accommodate the reduced road capacity and to reduce the impact to the traffic. The public will be informed ahead of the construction and detour will be proposed to the residents as a temporary measure. Although the roads may be excavated, safe and convenient crossing by wood boards will be provided to residential building entrances, as well as school and hospital gates, large stores and other important services and public areas. The crossings should be wide and strong enough to allow both pedestrians and non-motor vehicles (bicycles) to cross. The construction will be maintained in good housekeeping to reduce the site safety risks.  23 The key pedestrians areas will be well lit during the night. High-risk areas such as deep pits, etc. will be fenced off the public. The project proponents and contractors will maintain continued and timely public consultation during the construction. Contact information including names and telephone numbers will be provided at the construction sites to allow the residents to voice their concerns if any about the construction activities and impact to their daily life. 0 0wb02139 0N:\STUARnChinaLake Tai\suppEIA.doc 0April 15,2004 12:26PM