China - Second Liao River Basin Project : environmental impact assessment (Vol. 1 of 3) : Environmental assessment

E508 January 2002 Second Liao River Basin Proiect Environment Impact Assessment Report - Basin Wide Draft of December 2001  Second Liao River Basin Project Environment ImpactAssessment Report-Basin Wide Table of Contents 1. Introduction 1-1 1.1 Background 1-1 1.2 Objective of the Project 1-3 1.2.1 Objective of Liao River Basin Planning 1-3 1.2.2 Major Tasks of Water Pollution Control in the Liao River Basin 1-3 1.3 Strategic Context 1-4 1.3.1 Primary Environmental Concerns in the Liao River Basin 1-4 1. 3.2 Government Strategy 1-4 1. 3.3 Measures to be Taken 1-5 1.4 EA Processing 1-7 2-1 Liao River Basin 2-1 2.1 General Setting 2-2 2.2 Climate 2-13 2.3 Social and Economic Situation 2-2 2.4 Water Resources 24 2.4.1 The Hydrology and Quality of Surface Water 2-4 2.4.2 Hydrogeology 2-6 2.5 Water Functioning in Liao River and the Quality Objective of Surface Water 2-7 2.6 The Existing and Planning use of Liao River and Its Branches 2-8 2.7 Bohai Sea 2-8 2.7.1 Natural Environment 2-8 2.7.2 Marine Geology and Landform 2-8 2.7.3 Wind Direction 2-8 2.7.4 Ocean Current and Tide 2-9 2.7.6 Aquatic Resources 2-9 2.8 Ecology 2-9 2.8.1 General Ecological Environment 2-9 2.8.2 River System and Pollution Impact 2-9 2.8.3 Relation Between Wetland of Shuangtaizi River's Mouth and Liao River 2-12 2.8.4 Relation Between Estuaries and Bohai Bay and Liaodong Bay 2-12 2.9 Water Supply and Wastewater 2-13 2.9.1 Service Scope 2-13 2.9.2 Surface Water and Groundwater 2-13 2.9.3 Wastewater Treatment 2-14 2.9.4 Project Cities 2-14 3. Current Situation 3-1 3.1 Water Quality 3-1 3.1.1 Human Health 3-1 3.1.2 Water Balance 3-1 3.1.3 Water Resource Utilization 3-1  Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Impact Assessment Report - Basin Wide 3.2 Pollution Treatment Plan and Activity 3-3 3.2.1 The Current Water Resources Management Activities in the Basin 3-3 3.2.2 Industrial Pollution Control Plan 3-4 3.2.3 Liao River Basin Environmental Management Plan 3-5 3.2.4 Water Demand Control Plan 3-5 4. Legal Frame and Criteria 4-1 4.1 Legal Frame 4-1 4.2 Criteria of EIA 4-2 4.2.1 Criteria of EIA 4-2 4.2.2 Environmental Function Zoning 4-2 5. Project Description 5-1 5.1 Project Overview 5-1 5.1.1 Name and Content of the Project 5-1 5.1.2 Wastewater Interception System 5-1 5.1.3 Wastewater Treatment Plant 5-6 5.2 Description of Wastewater Treatment 5-7 5.2.1 Main Structure and Equipment of Wastewater Treatment Plant 5-7 5.2.2 Sludge Treatment 5-8 5.2.3 Reuse of Treated Effluent 5-9 5.3 Municipal Wastewater Flow and Quality Projection 5-10 5.3.1 Projection of Water Demand 5-10 5.3.2 Wastewater Flow Projection 5-12 5.3.3 Determination of Influent Characters and Effluent Limit for WwTP 5-13 5.4 Pollution Load Projection 5-14 5.4.1 Wastewater 5-14 5.4.2 Odor and Dust 5-15 5.4.3 Prediction for Sludge Discharge 5-17 5.4.4 Noise 5-17 5.5 Identification of Environment Impact Factor and Screening 5-17 5.5.1 Identification of Environment Impact Factor 5-17 5.5.2 Screening of Environment Assessment Factors 5-19 6. Analysis of Alternatives 6-1 6.1 Project selection 6-1 6.2 Alternative Sites and Routes 6-1 6.2.1 Comparison of Alternatives 6-1 6.2.2 Results of Comparison 6-6 6.3 Alternatives Comparison for Location of WwTP and Outfalls 6-6 6.3.1 Selection of Site for WwTP 6-6 6.4 Alternative Wastewater Treatment 6-12 6.4.1 Treated Effluent Requirement 6-12 6.4.2 Principlefor Design of Treatment Process 6-13 2  Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Inpac Assessment Report - Basin Wide 6.4.3 Selection of Wastewater Treatment Process 6-14 6.4.4 Comparison between the Two Options 6-15 6.5 Alternatives for Industrial Wastewater Reduction and Water Reuse 6-16 6.6 Alternatives for Sludge Disposal and Site Location 6-17 6.6.1 ComparisonforSludgeDisposal Process 6-17 6.6.2 Selection of Sludge Disposal Site and Hauling Route 6-17 6.6.3 Result ofAlternative Comparison for Sludge Disposal 6-21 6.7 No Project Alternative 6-22 7. Project Benefit 7-1 7.1 Water Environment Benefit of Liao River Basin 7-1 7.2 Groundwater Resource Protection 7-2 7.2.1 Pollution of Groundwater 7-2 7.2.2 Benefit of Groundwater Improvement 7-3 7.3 Ecological Benefit 7-3 7.3.1 Recovery ofFishery 7-3 7.3.2 ImpactAnalysis of Ocean Species and FisheryResource 7-6 7.3.3 Positive Benefits on Surface Water 7-7 7.3.4 Investigation and Impact Assessment of Wetland at Shuangtaizi River 7-7 7.4 Public Health Benefit 7-10 7.5 Red Tide Investigation and Analysis 7-11 7.5.1 Features, Frequency, Extent and Time of Red Tide Occurrence 7-11 in the Bohai Sea 7.5.2 Major Reason for Red Tide Formation 7-12 7.5.3 Nutrient Sources for Red Tide 7-12 7.5.4 Benefit Analysis of the LRBP2 7-13 7.6 Other Benefits 7-13 8. Environmental Impact and Mitigation 8-1 8.1 Land Acquisition and Resettlement 8-1 8.2 Water Environment Quality and Impact Assessment 8-2 8.2.1 Water QualityMonitoringandAssessment 8-2 8.2.2 Surface Water Quality Analysis and Model 8-4 8.2.3 Marine Water Quality Prediction and Assessment 8-5 8.2.4 Analysis of Environmental Impact to the Bohai Sea 8-7 8.3 Impact to Air and Mitigation 8-8 8.3.1 Foul Odor Impact and Mitigation 8-8 8.3.2 Impact of Flue Gas from Boiler 8-10 8.4 Acoustic Impact and Mitigation 8-12 8.4.1 Monitoring of CurrentAcoustic Environment 8-12 8.4.2 Prediction and Assessment of Noise 8-15 8.4.3 Mitigation 8-17 8.5 Environmental Impact during Construction and Mitigation 8-17 8.5.1 Impact Analysis ofAir-borne Dust and Mitigation 8-17 3  Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Inpact Assessment Report - Basin Wide 8.5.2 Impact Analysis of Noise and Mitigation 8-18 8.5.3 Analysis of Impact of traffic and Mitigation 8-19 8.5.4 Analysis of Domestic Seweragefrom Labor Camp and Mitigation 8-19 8.5.5 Analysis of Spoil and Mitigation 8-20 8.6 Risk Assessment 8-20 8.6.1 Analysis of Potential Risk 8-20 8.6.2 Analysis ofAccidental Discharge 8-22 8.6.3 Analysis of Discharge in Sewer Accident 8-24 8.6.4 Impact Analysis of Uncontrolled Sludge Stockpiling 8-25 9. Sludge Management 9-1 9.1 Current Solid Waste Management System 9-1 9.2 Sludge Management and Disposal Plan 9-1 9.2.1 Sludge Quantity 9-1 9.2.2 Composition Analysis 9-2 9.2.3 Sludge Disposal Plan 9-3 9.3 Environmental Impact and Mitigation 9-7 9.3. I Pollution Factor Screening and Load Projection 9-7 9.3.2 Impact of Landfill 9-7 9.3.3 Impact of Composting 9-9 9.3.4 Impact of Temporary Sludge Storage Site 9-10 9.3.5 Environmental Analysis of Sludge Transportation 9-10 9.4 Mitigation 9-10 9.4.1 Landfill 9-10 9.4.2 Leachate Treatment 9-11 10. Public Participation 10-1 10.1 Method for Public Participation 10-1 10.1.1 Phasing of Public Participation Process 10-1 10.1.2 Survey Scope and Objects 10-1 10.1.3 Implementing Organization 10-1 10.1.4 Participation Approach 10-2 10.2 First-round Public Participation Exercise 10-2 10.2.1 Public Meeting 10-2 10.2.2 Questionnaires 10-2 10.3 Survey Result 10-3 10.4 Information Disclosure 10-5 11. Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan 11-1 11.1 Environmental Management System 11-1 11.1.1 Environmental Management Institutional Structure 11-1 11.1.2 Responsibility and Function of Environmental Protection Institute 11-2 11.2 Environmental Monitoring Plan 11-3 11.2.1 Management and Monitoring Institution 11-3 4  Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Impact Assessment Report - Basin Wide 11.2.2 Environmental Monitoring Plan for WwTP 11-4 11.2.3 Environmental Monitoring Plan for Sludge Disposal 11-6 11.2.4 Analysis of Monitoring Results 11-7 11.3 Monitoring Institutional Strengthening and Training Plan 11-7 11.3.1 Monitoring Institution Strengthening 11-7 11.3.2 Staff TrainingPlan 11-7 11.3.3 Monitoring Instrument and Equipment 11-8 11.3.4 Environmental Monitoring Cost 11-9 11.3.5 Monitoring Data Management 11-9 11.4 Environmental Management of Accidental Discharge 11-10 11.4.1 Timely Control ofAccidental Discharge 11-10 11.4.2 Investigation and Analysis of Post-accident 11-10 11.4.3 Emergency Response Agency 11-10 WBI1282 N:\AcGRead\AB Second Liao Riv B Proj\EA DRAFT as of Dec 21 2001 \Table of contents RevA.doc January 29,2002 10:20 AM 5  Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Assessment Report-Basin Wide 1 Introduction 1.1 Background Liaoning Province is a famous heavy industrial base in the country, which is located in the northeast of China. Shenyang, Fushun, Panjin, Jinzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone ( Jinzhou ETDZ) and Yingkou Economic and Technological Development Zone (Yingkou ETDZ) to be included in the proposed Second Liao River Basin Project (LRBP 2), are important cities with relatively prosperous economy in Liao River Basin and the Economic Belt surrounding Bohai Sea. In recent years with fast social-economic development and continued increase of wealth, the sewage discharge has increased dramatically. As historic backlog of construction of municipal sewage treatment facilities, a large amount of wastewater from both industrial and domestic sources is discharged direct to Liao River system and in-shore waters of Bohai Sea without any form of treatment, causing marginal deterioration of water quality. Human health and economic development are at serious risk. The Chinese Govemment has paid a high attention to it. The State Council approved the "Ninth-five Year Plan and 2010 Program for Water Pollution Control and Abatement in Liao River" in 1998 ( "Liao River Control Plan" hereinafter), in which will construct 22 municipal WwTPs with total treatment capacity of 5.71 million t/d. Up to now, the constructed treatment capacity is 720,000 t/d and 1.255 million t/d is under construction. The World Bank has paid tremendous effort to support the water pollution control in Liao River Basin. Liaoning has received the Bank loan since 1994 to construct environmental works relating to water pollution control. Table 1-1 shows the progress made under the Bank financing so far: Table 1-1 Summary of the Bank Financed Environmental Projects Name of project Term of loan Loan value Loan No. Content of project Liaoning 1994-2002 $ 110 CHA-3781 Wastewater interception and treatment Environment million * Anshan-220,000 tld Project * Fushun-250,000 t/d * Benxi-225,000 t/d * Dalian Malan-120,000 tid * Dalian CHunliu-80,000 t/d Liao River Basin 2001-2007 $ 100 CHA-4617 Wastewater interception and treatment Project million * Panjin-l00,OOOt/d * Yingkou- l00,000 t/d * Jinzhou- 100,000 t/d * Jincheng Paper Mill Wastewater 1- lNovember, 2001  Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Assessment Report-Basin Wide I I I|-0 Yingkou Paper Mill Wastewater Within the Jurisdiction of Liaoning Province, in the Liao River Basin there are 8 major cities including Shenyang, Anshan, Fushun, Benxi, Liaoyang, Yingkou, Panjin and Tieling. The environmental projects financed by the Bank cover 5 cities, Anshan, Fushun, Benxi, Yingkou and Panjin. Additionally, the major scope for environmental management in the Liao River Basin also covers the Bohai Sea. The coastal cities including Dalian and Jinzhou have become the concern city for water pollution control. Liaoning Government is seeking the Bank financing for the proposed Second Liao River Basin Project ( LRBP 2) which follows on the Liao River Basin Project which has been successfully appraised by the Bank mission during March 2001. The proposed total treatment capacity of the LRBP 2 is 830,000 t/d. The details for the LRBP 2 refer to Table 1-2. Table 1-2 Summary of the Proposed LRBP 2 Total planned Constructed Being LRBP LRBP 2 treatment constructed Project city Capacity Total ca pacity _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ 5.71 million 720,000 t/d 1.255 million t/d 300,000 t/d Shenyang 400.000 t/d 920,000 t/d t/d Total 1.975 million t/d Fushun phase-2 250.000 t/d Panjin phase-2 100,000 t/d Fuxin 100,000 t/d Yingkou ETDZ 50,000 t/d Jinzhou ETDZ 20,000 t/d In the Liao River Control Plan, the works of wastewater treatment would be phased over 10 years to 2010. The relation between the Liao River Control Plan and the proposed LRBP 2 is shown in Table 1-3. Table 1-3 Relation between Liao River Control Plan and LRBP 2 No. Item Number of WwTPs Treatment capacity COD reduction _ ~~~~~~~~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~(104 t/a) (t/a) I Planned WwTPs in the Liao River 19 144540 300201 Control Plan 2 LRBP 3 10950 31755 3 LRBP 2 6 24455 87454 4 Total of Liao River Basin projects 8 35405 119209 5 Proportion % ILRBP 15.79 7.58 10.58 1-2 November. 2001  Second Liao River Basin Project EnvironmentAssessment Report-Basin Wide No. Item Number of WwTPs Treatment capacity COD reduction (104 t/a) (Va) LRBP 2 31.57 16.92 29.13 Total Liao River Basin 47.36 24.50 39.71 projects It is seen from Table 1-3, in terms of treatment capacity and COD reduction, the LRBP accounts for 7.58% and 10.58% respectively of that in the Liao River Control Plan; the LRBP 2 accounts for 16.92% and 29.13% respectively. The combined treatment capacity and COD reduction of the LRBP and LRBP 2 accounts for 24.50% and 39.71 % respectively. The Liao River Basin projects are important to the Liao River Control Plan. 1.2 Objective of Project The objective of the LRBP 2 is to develop a blend of policy and investment initiatives to provide a sustainable environment framework for the long-term development of the Liao River Basin. 1.2.1 Objective of Liao River Basin Planing The objective of Liao River Basin Planning is: in 2005, the surface water quality across the Liao River Basin will meet the requirement for Category V function approximately; in 2010, the surface water quality across the Liao River Basin will meet the requirement for Category V function (minimum requirement for beneficiary use, e.g. Irrigation and recreation), sustaining the use of water resource. The objective will be realized through the following measures: * Construction of wastewater interception and treatment facilities; * Establishment of institutions capable of managing these facilities; * Improvement of water quality management and monitoring capacity in the whole basin. 1.2.2 Major tasks of Water Pollution Control in the Liao River Basin The major tasks facing the basin for water pollution control are: * Drinking water resources for urban and rural residents are top priority for protection;