Cambodia - Provincial and Peri-Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project (Vol. 20 of 23) : Initial environmental impact assessment report - Roka (M23)

E687 Volume 20 Department of Potable Water Supply Ministry of Industry, Mining and Energy (MIME) Phnom Penh, Royal Kingdom of Cambodia Provincial and Peri-Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project, Royal Kingdom of Cambodia Initial Environmental Impact Assessment Report Roka (M23) District of Pea Reang Prey Vieng Province DRAFT, December 2002 , g r nESee. t)77H A  Provincial and Pen-Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project Initial Environmental Impact Assessment Royal Kingdom of Cambodia (MIME / PPWSA / WB) Roka (M23), Prey Vieng TABLE OF CONTENTS PROJECT SUMMARY 1 INTRODUCTION .......................... 1-1 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT .............. ............ ............................................. 1-1 1 2 ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENT ............................................. 1-2 1.3 INSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK ............................................ 1-2 2 PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT ......................... 2-1 2.1 OBJECTIVES .............. . ..................................... ...................................... 2-1 2.2 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION ............................. .........2-1 3 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ................ 3-1 3 1 SERVICE AREA ... .. ....................3-1.. ... . ... ........................................... .......... 3-1 3.2 SUMMARY OF INFRASTRUCTURE .3-1 3.3 WATER QUALITY STANDARDS ..................................... ............... .. . ... 3-3 3 4 PROJECT PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION ... .. .................................................. 3-3 4 DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES .............................. 4-1 4.1 PHYSICAL RESOURCES ....................................... ........ .. ............ ...... .. 4-1 4.2 ECOLOGICAL RESOURCES. .... 44 4.3 SOCIO-ECONOMICAL RESOURCES. 4-4 5 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION .5-1 5.1 GENERAL .5-1 5.2 CONSULTATIONS WITH THE PROSPECTIVE USERS .5-2 5 3 WILLINGNESS-TO CONNECT (WTC). . .................. . 5-2 6 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ANALYSIS .6-1 6.1 METHODOLOGY .6-1 6 2 PRE-CONSTRUCTION CONSIDERATIONS ... ....... .................................... .. ........ 6-2 6.3 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS DURING PROJECT CONSTRUCTION .6-3 6 4 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT DURING PROJECT OPERATION ..................... . ... .......... ..6-3 6.5 SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ................................. .. . 6-4 7 ECONOMICAL ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL VALUE .7-1 7.1 GENERAL .... . ......................... .7-1.... ........................................................ .. 7-1 7.2 FINANCIAL DATA. ........................... ............. 7-1 8 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN .8-1 8.1 INTRODUCTION ..................... .. .... .................................................... ....... 8-1 8.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION PLAN .8-1 8.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN .8-1 8 4 RESPONSIBILITIES .8-1 9 INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY .9-1 10 CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS ....................... 10-1 11 PRINCIPAL REFERENCES ....................... 11-1 .4P'Main text (DRAFT) I December 2002  Provincial and Pen-Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project Initial Environmental Impact Assessment Royal Kingdom of Cambodia (MIME / PPWSA / WB) Roka (M23), Prey Vieng LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1-1 - Location map of the project area ................... ..................... ............. 1-1 Figure 1-2 - Applied EA Process .1-3 Figure 3-1 - Proposed service area and infrastructure (DRAFT) .3-2 Figure 4-1 - Geological provinces .4-2 LIST OF TABLES Table 3-1 - Summary of proposed infrastructural works .................................. ........... 3-1 Table 4-1 - General climate conditions in Cambodia .................. 4-3 Table 6-1 - Summary matrix of Environmental Issues/impacts .................. 6-1 Table 8-1 - Environmental Mitigation Plan .................. 8-2 Table 8-2 - Environmental Monitoring Plan. .................. 8-3 LIST OF ANNEXES Annex I - List of EA preparers Annex II - WTC Process documentation Annex IlIl - Proof of social acceptability Annex IV - Applied Water Quality Standards Annex V - Accountability statement of project owner .AIP'Main text (DRAFT) December 2002  Provincial and Pen-Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project Initial Environmental Impact Assessment Royal Kingdom of Cambodia (MIME / PPWSA / W13) Roka (M23), Prey Vieng LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand COD Chemical Oxygen Demand DBL Design/Build/Lease DD Detailed Design DPWS Department of Potable Water Supply DPWT Department of Public Works and Transport (Municipality) EA Environmental Assessment EEA Environmental Examination Application EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMiP Environmental Mitigations Plan (part of an EMP) EMoP Environmental Monitoring Plan (part of an EMP) EMP Environmental Management Plan FS Feasibility Study FT Fraser Tomas (Engineering Consultants) GHD Gutteridge, Haskins & Davey (Engineering Consultants) IEIA Initial Environmental Impact Assessment JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency LCPSS Low Cost Pilot Sewerage System Lpcd Liters per capita per day Mg/I Milligrams per liter MIME Ministry of Industry, Mines, and Energy MoA Ministry of Agriculture MoE Ministry of Environment MPP Municipality of Phnom Penh MWRM Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorology MPWT Ministry of Public Works and Transport NGO Non Governmental Organization PCD Pollution Control Department (Ministry of Environment) PG Provincial Government PMU Project Management Unit PO Project Owner PPWSA Phnom Penh Water Supply Authority PPUWSSP Provincial and Peri-Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project RGC Royal Government of Cambodia ToR Terms of Reference TSS Total Suspended Solids WB World Bank WHO World Health Organization WSS Water Supply and Sanitation WTC WVillingness to Connect AIPWMain text (DRAFT) December 2002  Provincial and Pen-Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project Initial Environmental Impact Assessment Royal Kingdom of Cambodia (MIME / PPWSA / WB) Roka (M23), Prey Vieng PROJECT SUMMARY General The purpose of the Environmental Assessment is to identify and evaluate the significance of any potential environmental impacts on the proposed construction and development program for a new water supply system for Roka (District of Pea Reang, Prey Vieng Province) and to recommend avoidance, preventive and mitigation measures to ensure that residual environmental impacts are acceptable and are within the applicable limitation standards prescribed by the Ministry of Environment and the World Bank. The Local Government of Roka has initiated the current project, with support of the Provincial Government of Prey Vieng and the Department of Potable Water Supply (DPWS) of MIME. The actual 'Project Owner' is the Ministry of Industry, Mines and Energy. Project description Based upon the evaluation of the various options for a possible water supply scheme, MIME, with support of the Engineering Consultants GHD/FT, has prepared a viable project proposal. The project will provide piped water supply for a population estimated at 3,340 persons, with service initially to some 51 to 60 percent of the population within the service area at 40 I/cd, increasing to 60 I/cd and serving 90 percent of the population in the service area. Preliminary calculations indicate a required water demand (ADP) of 780 m3/ day. The water source will be groundwater, to be abstracted through deep bores. The necessary treatment will be applied to comply with Cambodian drinking water quality standards. A treatment plant will be located on the land identified by the Commune opposite the Commune Office. Treatment will comprise aeration and disinfection. Treated water will be pumped from a Clearwater tank through a booster pump into the system. A single metered connection provided to each house, where it is assumed that household "water jar" storage will continue to be used. No resettlement will be required. Land Acquisition The scheme is based on the treatment plant being located in the Commune-owned land identified as being available behind (east of) the Commune Office. This has been adopted not only because it is readily available but also it is immediately adjacent to the best source of water. It is also reasonably central to the town. The land for the proposed wells and pumping stations should be purchased (or made available by the Commune) with official documentation as soon as the locations of wells are confirmed by the private operator. The treatment plant will be established on the land identified by the Commune, behind the existing Commune office. The land to be purchased is estimated at .... m2. The acquisition of land will be facilitated by MIME as part of their responsibility to the project. If possible, the PMU representative will facilitate the issuance of "Deed of Donation" or statements on the willingness to sell prior to the construction to avoid any conflict with the lot owner. .AIVMain text (DRAFT) Iv December 2002  Provincial and Pen-Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project Initial Environmental Impact Assessment Royal Kingdom of Cambodia (MIME / PPWSA / WB) Roka (M23), Prey Vieng Consultations After series of meetings/consultations with concerned Provincial Government Officials of the Prey Vieng Province and the local officials and residents of Roka, the Project was approved and endorsed. Overall, the project is perceived to be of great help to the community since it will significantly improve the quality of the drinking water supply and public health conditions by reducing common cases of water borne diseases (diarrhea, gastroenteritis and parasitism). The project will further stimulate socio-economic growth through increase in the number of commercial and economic activities thus adding revenue to the community. The Willingness to Connect (WTC) indicated that ??? of the ??? households within the service area of Roka approved a tariff of 1815 Riel/m3. Environmental Management Plan To mitigate possible general adverse environmental impacts (e.g. drainage, sanitation, damage to soils and water and economic losses), discussions are held with all major stakeholders. The findings and conclusions on the actions to be taken have been summarized in an Environmental Management Plan (EMP), including: * An Environmental Mitigation Plan (EMiP), outlining the measures to be taken to mitigate adverse environmental impacts; * An Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMoP), defining the environmental parameters to be observed and reported; * Overview if the implementation arrangements, defining the responsibilities and timing. Monitoring arrangements MIME will have the overall responsibility for the proper implementation of the Environmental Management Plan (EMP). Upon the signing of the DBL contract, the Project Management Unit (PMU) will proceed with the necessary steps for the environmentally sound construction and operation of the water supply system, as defined in the EMP. During the construction phase, PMU will be responsible for securing that proper measures are taken by the different contractors The PMU will inform DPWS/MIME if violations occur, and appropriate actions will be taken. Moreover, DPWS/MIME staff will carry out control inspection during their regular visits to the Provinces. During operation of the water supply system, the Contractor and the PMU will have the main responsibility for the proper implementation of the monitoring plan. The monitoring data will be well documented and be available with the Contractor and PMU for consultation and inspection. Brief quarterly monitoring reports will be submitted to DPWS/MIME and the Ministry of Environment, including: Presentation of the collected data; Discussion of the compliance and non-compliance to the EMP; and Conclusion and Recommendation. Regular annual monitoring reports will be submitted to the World Bank during the operation phase. The environmental data will be available with the DPWS/MIME and the Contractor for consultation and inspection. .AIlMain text (DRAFT) v December 2002  Provincial and Pern-Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project Initial Environmental Impact Assessment Royal Kingdom of Cambodia (MIME / PPWSA / WB) Roka (M23), Prey Vieng Environmental Mitigation Plan (EMiP) for Roka, Prey Vieng Phase Mitigation measures Responsibility Schedule Pre- * Lack of control of water source Acquire land MIME, World Bank Prior to DBL construction directly around the facilities (or secure a Contracts possible purchase), a Reduction in flow Locate the well in an area where other water users are not affected * Disturbance of land use and economic activities Usage of public areas, Provision for proper compensation Construction * Disturbance of land use due to Operator, with Continuous drilling/construction Minimize impacts, supervision of during Restore damages MIME consultant construction * Loss of natural vegetation Replanting of phase affected areas * Disturbance of stream channels, aquatic plant and animal habitats Erosion and sedimentation control * Soil and water contamination (e g spilling of oil products and other construction materials) Control (collection, disposal) of waste water a Hindrance (noise, air pollution, traffic, etc) due to drilling/construction activities Minimize hindrance, Usage of main roads when possible * Soil erosion and compaction Proper runoff and erosion control measures, Heavy traffic restrictions * Safety hazards Proper safety and warning measures; Provision of temporary crossings/bridges, Public information campaign Operation * Public health hazards due to increase of Operator, with To be wastewater Support the construction of supervision of determined proper on-site sanitary facilities (if lacking), MIME during feasibility Improve storm drainage system for sullage, study * Contamination of the groundwater Acquire and fence a protection zone directly around the well, Regulate potential polluting activities in recharge zone, Monitor water level and groundwater abstraction * Lowered groundwater table Space wells at larger distances, Avoid over-abstraction and consequent lowering of groundwater table, Calculate safe yield (abstraction), Assure/proof that other water users are not affected * Increase of noise Usage of electrical submersible pumps, Construction of pumping house Abandoning * Water availibility keep traditional water phase sources available . i-IF Main text (DRAFT) vI December 2002  Provincial and Pen-Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project Initial Environmental Impact Assessment Royal Kingdom of Cambodia (MIME / PPWSA / WB) Roka (M23), Prey Vieng Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMoP) for Roka, Prey Vieng Phase Monitoring activities Responsibility Implementation Pre- * Land acquisition Check if the MIME, World Bank Prior to DBL Contract construction required land has been acquired properly, or that a proper "Deed of Sale/Donation" has been prepared * Resettlement and Compensation If applicable, check if proper arrangments are made and documented Construction * Hindrance to local population Operator, with Continuous, through Noise, air pollution (odor, TSP, fume supervision of MIME regular construction emissions), land damage, traffic consultant supervision * EMP compliance of the contractors. Erosion control, vegetation protecton, soil and water contamination * Safety precautions of contractors Conform professional standards * Sanitary control Proper construction of on-site facilities, Proper construction of sullage drainage system Operation * Quality of distributed water conform Operator, with Regular, according to official standard procedures supervision of MIME professional standards (microbiology, standard parameters, Arsenic, heavy metals), * Groundwater resources water level (2 X per month (after pumping recovery penod), operation of pumps (abstraction) Abandoning * None phase .ilIMain text (DRAFT) vil December 2002  Provincial and Peri-Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project Initial Environmental Impact Assessment Royal Kingdom of Cambodia (MIME I PPWSA / WB) Roka (M23), Prey Vieng I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Project The 'Provincial and Peri-Urban Water Supply and Sanitation' project (PPUWSSP) is being prepared and implemented by the Department of Potable Water Supply (DPWS) of the Ministry of Industry, Mining and Energy (MIME), and the Phnom Penh Water Supply Authority (PPWSA), Kingdom of Cambodia. The PPUWSSP is financed through a loan from the World Bank. The MIME component aims at financing water supply and sanitation projects targeting provincial towns and district towns that express demand for improved services and low- income communities in urban centers. It finances investments that (i) respond to what consumers want and are willing to pay, (ii) facilitate and develop private sector participation in financing, operating and maintaining constructed facilities, while designing specific instruments that ensure inclusion of low income communities residing in the service areas. Upon the request of the local governments, the town of Roka, Province of Prey Vieng (Figure 1-1), has been included in the first batch of the project. Roka has expressed its interest in the project as it does not have a proper water supply system yet. During the dry season, serious water shortages occurs. Figure 1-1 - Location map of the project area The purpose of the present Initial Environmental Impact Assessment (IEIA) is to identify possible environmental and social impacts arising from the proposed construction and development of a piped water supply system for Roka, Province of Prey Vieng (M23). As described below, many sections of the current report have been obtained from the Feasibility Study reports, prepared by the Engineering Consultant GHD/FT. ilMi text (DFRAFT) 1-1 December 2002  Provincial and Pen-Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project Inibal Environmental Impact Assessment Royal Kingdom of Cambodia (MIME / PPWSA / WB) Roka (M23), Prey Vieng 1.2 Environmental Assessment The EA has been prepared in accordance with the guidelines of the Ministry of Environment (MoE, see also section 1.3), combined with World Bank guidelines on Environmental Assessment. Both within the Cambodian and the World Bank regulatory framework an environmental clearance is required before the project implementation can start. Environmentally sound practices have been incorporated in the project planning and design, and possible negative impacts have been identified to be mitigated to acceptable levels. The EA was carried out by a technical team, comprising of engineers and environment specialists (See Annex I - List of EA preparers). Multiple consultations with the staff of MIME, Provincial Government, Commune chiefs, and the local beneficiaries were conducted in order to solicit their comments, reactions and finally seek their proper approval and endorsement of the proposed project (see Annex II - WTC Process documentation and Annex IlIl - Proof of social acceptability). Desk research was carried out through obtaining available data about the physical, socio-economic, environmental characterization, political profiles from the Engineering Consultants GHD/FT Data were also gathered and reviewed from the national line agencies/offices such as Ministry of Rural Development (MRD), Ministry of Agriculture (MoA), and Ministry of Environment (MoE). These available reports/literatures and other materials relevant to the conduct of the Environmental Assessment report were compiled and reviewed. Aside from data gathering activities, actual interview and constant coordination with the members of the Provincial Management Unit (PMU) at the Provincial and Municipal/City levels were carried out to gather first hand information/data. 1.3 Institutional and legal framework Overall management of the environment lies with the Ministry of Environment (MoE), which was created in 1993. The MoE has wide responsibilities, which are spelled out in the Law on Environmental Protection and Natural Resources Management. At the provincial and city levels, there are corresponding Provincial/City Environment Departments. These local departments have the responsibility of enforcing the environmental legislation coming under the competence of the MoE. However, the daily operational functions of these departments would normally come under the direct control of the provincial/city authorities. The objectives of the framework Law are to protect environmental quality through the prevention, reduction and control of pollution, to establish an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) system, to ensure sustainable use of natural resources, to encourage public participation and to suppress acts which are harmful to the environment. The framework Law calls for an EA to be conducted for every private or public project, to be reviewed by the Ministry of Environment before submission to the Government for a ii'Main text (DRAFT) 1-2 December 2002  Provincial and Pen-Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project Initial Environmental Impact Assessment Royal Kingdom of Cambodia (MIME / PPWSA / WB) Roka (M23), Prey Vieng final decision. All proposed and existing activities are to be covered under this requirement. Sub-decrees are anticipated to provide for the finer details of the system. The Sub-degree on Environmental Impact Assessment Process, which was issued in December 1999, details specific procedures to be followed and the nature and size of projects which are required to submit ElAs. The Cambodian EIA requirements for water supply projects start with 10,000 users. Based on the above mentioned documents, the MoE have drafted flowcharts showing the EIA procedure to be applied. For the present project, with MIME being the Project owner, the applied process is shown in Figure 1-2. Figure 1-2 - Applied EA Process EIA Process for Proposed Project Approved by Project's Owner as Ministry and insttution 30 days 30 days P mits P0 Revises IEIA it to EAA & iEiA report or Prepare R Its oR Aproel I Empl ReporI tooMrEt EIA e or tooMoE n e ed ~ ~ ~ ~ RviedEs {~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Eo RRew Report1;i iEiA Report required or EIA Report | EA Report needs Rev.son I Consent ABBREVIATIONS PO Prcjnt Own.r MOE M,nStry of En--,tnm.n EMP Env-mr-niaI Manoemtni Plan IEIA Ini,tO En-vonm-tnal impac Amtt.-nt EtA Environmeni lipaciAs..-sm.nt EEA En-vonm-enis Exai-nabonAppatston The first step in the EA process is the preparation of an Initial Environmental Impact Assessment (IEIA), to be submitted by the Project Owner to the MoE, supplemented with an Environmental Examination Application (EEA). Based on the review of the IEIA, the Project will either be approved, additional changes to the IEIA will have to be made, or a full scale EIA report will have to be prepared. Furthermore, the MoE has prepared draft guidelines for the set-up and contents of the EIA reports). Although still in draft form, they have been applied as the basis for the IEIA reports. AAlI"'Main text (DRAFT) 1-3 December 2002  Provincial and Pen-Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project Initial Environmental Impact Assessment Royal Kingdom of Cambodia (MIME / PPWSA / WB) Roka (M23), Prey Vieng 2 PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT 2.1 Objectives The objective of the project is to supply safe drinking water through a piped water supply system to the town of Roka, Prey Vieng Province. The project is anchored on the principals that: * Water can be managed as an economic good; * The project must be "demand-driven" oriented meaning, that the prospective end users must be willing and capable to pay for services; * The system will be operated and managed by a private operator. The project design is consistent with the water supply and sanitation policy framework of Cambodia, and finance investments that (i) respond to what consumers want and are willing to pay, (ii) facilitate and develop private sector participation in financing, operating and maintaining constructed facilities, while designing specific instruments that ensure inclusion of low income communities residing in the service areas. 2.2 Public participation Public participation and consultations of the PPUWSSP focused on two main objectives: 1. To assist national and local governments in arriving at a decision to finance the development of their water supply system based on their financial capacity and to select the most feasible management and operation system of the water utility; 2. To encourage user's participation in the selection of a technically feasible water supply system, that is based on their demand/wants and their capacity and willingness-to pay for that desired service. Bearing these principles in mind GHD/FT designed strategies that would promote these principles during the conduct of the Rapid Feasibility Study. Among these strategies are the series of presentation and consultation activities with the different stakeholders at the local level. The areas for consultation and negotiations were focused on the following: * Technical options for the water supply system, the project investment cost, and the required equity contribution; * Cost recovery options and water tariff structure; * Operation and management scheme for the system; and * Project implementation arrangement (Design/Build/Lease) of the water utility. There were two levels of consultations during the feasibility study. The first level was with the local governments (see section 5.1). The second level of consultation focused on for the prospective users in the service areas (see section 5.2). For a Project Town to proceed to full preliminary design, at least 51% of the heads of households living within the Service Area(s) must indicate their support for the new scheme (see section 5.3). .AIF'Main text (DRAFT) 2-1 December 2002  Provincial and Pen-Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project Initial Environmental Impact Assessment Royal Kingdom of Cambodia (MIME / PPWSA / WB) Roka (M23), Prey Vieng 3 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 3.1 Service area The proposed service area or the project is shown in Figure 3-1. The service area consists of the town center and market, linear development along east-west main road through the town for a distance of 3 kilometers, and along ten intersecting north-south minor roads to defined villages. The town is substantial in size compared to other project towns. The project will provide piped water supply for a population estimated at 3,340 persons, with service initially to some 51 to 60 percent of the population within the service area at 40 I/cd, increasing to 60 I/cd and serving 90 percent of the population in the service area. Preliminary calculations indicate a required water demand (ADP) of 780 m3/ day 3.2 Summary of Infrastructure The proposed infrastructure to be constructed for the project is summarized in Table 3-1. The listing is based on the feasibility study, as prepared by GHD/FT Figure 3-1 shows the layout of the proposed infrastructure. Table 3-1 - Summary of proposed infrastructural works * Groundwater abstraction via deep bores, the establishment of a treatment plant on the land identified by the Commune, behind the Commune office. * Treatment comprising aeration, disinfection and pH correction with lime dosing. * Pumping from a Clearwater tank through a booster pump into the system, or through a transfer pump to a reservoir located adjacent to the treatment facility and then gravity reticulation to the service area. * Distribution network along the main roads. . A single metered connection provided to each house, where it is assumed that household "water jar" storage will continue to be used. ..lIMain text (DRAFT) 3-1 December 2002  Provincial and Pen-Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project Initial Environmental Impact Assessment Royal Kingdom of Cambodia (MIME / PPWSA / WB) Roka (M23), Prey Vieng Figure 3-1 - Proposed service area and infrastructure (DRAFT) 2i ~ ,~ ~- IJ '1 Source GHD/FT, 2002 ..4IVMain text (DRAFT) 3-2 December 2002  Provincial and Pen-Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project Initial Environmental Impact Assessment Royal Kingdom of Cambodia (MIME / PPWSA / WB) Roka (M23), Prey Vieng 3.3 Water quality standards There are currently not yet official water quality standards of Cambodia In general, the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines are being applied. Official standards are however under preparation by an Inter-ministerial Committee, with support from WHO. The proposed water quality standards are included in Annex IV, and will be applied for the proposed water supply system. The recommendations are especially important for the Arsenic level. As it seems that the WHO guideline of lOpg/l is unrealistic to apply currently, a (temporary) value of 50pg/l will be proposed for Cambodia. 3.4 Project planning and implementation Roka is part of a first batch of the PPUWSSP, to be implemented under World Bank financing, through the joint effort of MIME, the PPWSA, and Ministry of Finance (MoF). MIME has the implementation responsibility for the provincial town program A Project Management Office (PMO) has been established by the MIME in Phnom Penh for directing, supervising and coordinating all day-to-day implementation activities The Provincial Government of Prey Vieng has established a Project Management Unit (PMU) for actual implementation of the water system. The adopted strategy for implementing the water supply systems in the towns is to bid a Design/Build/Lease (DBL) scheme to private operators. Under the DBL scheme, MIME will enter into a contract with a private operator who will be responsible for the design, construction and operation of a cluster of systems. The lease contract is expected to cover a period of fifteen (15) years and will establish the conditions and provisions under which the operator must operate and maintain the water system. After the 15 years contract period, the private operator should turn over the water system in operating conditions to MIME or may enter into a new agreement with MIME to renew the lease contract for a similar period of time. The project construction is expected to commence, after approval of the proposed water charges by the respective beneficiaries, beginning of 2003, with the bidding for the DBL contract and to be implemented over a period of 18 months. The confirmation of the water sources recommended in the feasibility study, - particularly the drilling and construction of exploratory/production well, is considered a critical activity. In fact only when capacity and quality of the water sources are confirmed and detailed design can be prepared including any necessary revision in the scheme outlines in the feasibility study. AIF'Main text (DRAFT) 3-3 December 2002  Provincial and Pen-Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project Inibal Environmental Impact Assessment Royal Kingdom of Cambodia (MIME / PPWSA / WB) Roka (M23), Prey Vieng 4 DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES 4.1 Physical resources Topography Roka is a moderate to large sized market town. It lies within the Pea Raeng District of Prey Veng Province. The town contains the District and Commune Offices, five schools including the large Nhim Vanda Pea Raeng High School, the Pea Raeng Military and the Pea Raeng Police headquarters and government departments. Roka is also the location for the Pea Raeng District Referral Hospital. The town development has a defined street network around the central town area, and from this linear development extends for a total distance of three kilometers along the main road traversing the town, and along the ten roads that intersect with the main road. There are six large Wats located within the town. In geographic terms Roka is situated in northern Prey Veng some 34 km north west from Prey Veng provincial town, and 123 km by road from Phnom Penh. Road access is almost nonexistent from either the east or the west and the "unformed dirt road" from Prey Veng crosses open country, watercourses and irrigation flood plains. It is uneven, irregular and requires a four-wheel drive vehicle in all conditions other than the middle of the dry season. Travel is slow and uncomfortable. Paradoxically in the wet season, travel is much easier - because the surrounding land is flooded and impossible to road vehicles - but boat access is now feasible and is reported to be relatively swift. Roka like many of the project towns lies in the middle of extensive cultivated rice fields. The town has a developed area of some 125 hectares, comprising the central town with its network of roads and ribbon development along the main thoroughfare through the town. The topography is largely flat, but slightly higher than the surrounding country, with a gradual slope and a level differential of nine meters from the main road and grading to the rice fields to the north and south of the town. Geology Cambodia can be divided by 'geological provinces', as shown in Figure 4-1 (ESCAP, 1993). Roka is located in the Southern portion of the Tongle Sap-Mekong plains. This area, including the great Lake Basin of Tongle Sap and the central valley of Cambodia, were formed by the slight subsidence of the broad central area along northwest- southeast axes in the Quaternary, leading to broad areas of a Mid- to Late-Quaternary cover with a thin to moderate thickness. AIIFMain text (DRAFT) 4-1 December 2002  Provincial and Pen-Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project Initial Environmental Impact Assessment Royal Kingdom of Cambodia (MIME / PPWSA / WB) Roka (M23), Prey Vieng Figure 4-1 - Geological provinces , s--PI- PLATEAU / / RATA14A KIAI 8 R ./' H4GANU$ \ \ W / SIEM REAP STUNG TRENG = _ VOLCANO SEDIMENTARY / r (^ > -OLC BELT % as .ERRAINS ROUGES \PAILIN META ' _ D-ASr tDALATi H4HLONG\ - ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~OT A DI I -