China - Guangzhou City Center Transport Project - environmental assessment (Vol. 9 of 10)

E209 Volume 9 Guangfo Connecting Road, Guangzhou Environmental Impact Assessment GUANGZHOU ENVIRQNMENTAI L--S7C] ITUIFIC RESEARCH INSTITUTE CERTIFFi(j7Ed I~34 IAC NO.2802 December 2002/ MM~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Y.v   Guangfo Connecting Road Environmental Impact Asscssment THIS ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT HAS BEEN PREPARED BY THE GUANGZHOU ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH INSTITUTE. THE INSTITUTE HAS BEEN CERTIFIED BY THE ST-ATE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY OF CHINA WITH A CLASS A CERTIFICATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT. CERTIFICATION CREDENTIALS OF THE INSTITUTE ARE SHOWN BELOW: CERTIrFICATE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENCT CERTIFIED: GUANGZHOU ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH INSTITUTE CATEGORY: CLASS A CERTIFICATE NO: GB No.2802  I  LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS TO THE ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT Constructor: Guangzhou Public Utilities Buureau - u,. Author: -: Guangzhou Environmental Scie tific 1gesearch Institute -birector: H. Gong Chief Engineer: K. H. Yu Project Manager: G. P. Xu H Y Contributors: G. P. Xu, H Yu, J. H. Zhang, J. Shi, X. S. Huang, X. A. Gu, Participants: X Cui,   Guanigfo Connecting Road Environmental Impact Assessmncit Guangfo Connecting Road, Guangzhou ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT Table of Contents !.0 Introduction I 1.1 Project Background I 1.2 EA Objectives 3 1.3 Applicable Regulations and Basis 3 1.4 Function Zoning 4 1.5 Environmental Assessment Standards 5 1.6 Primary Environmental Protection Target 7 1.7 Scope of Assessment and Pollution Parameters 7 2.0 Project Description and Engineering Analysis 8 2.1 Project Alignment and Orientation 8 2.2 Engineering Scale and Technical Specifications 8 2.3 Drainage System 9 2.4 Landscaping , 2.5 Traffic Volume Forecast 10 2.6 Major Pollutant I1 3.0 Environmental and Socio-Economic Baseline 16 3.1 Physical Setting 16 3.1.1 Land Form and Geology 16 3.1.2 Meteorology and Climate 16 3.1.3 Hydrology 17 3.1.4 Aquatic Life 17 3.1.5 Groundwater 18 3.1.6 Vegetation 19 3.1.7 Existing Roads 20 3.1.8 Natural Resources 20 3.1.9 Visual Aesthetics 21 3.2 Social and Economic Baseline 21 3.2.1 District Population and Economy 21 3.2.2 Cultural Property 22 3.2.3 Sensitive Receptors 22 GESRI September, 2002  Gualngfo Connecting Road Environmiental Impact Assessment 3.3 Fxisting Ambient Air Quality 23 3.4 Noise Baseline 24 3.5 Water Quality Monitoring 25 3.6 Impacts of Other Major Urban Road Projects 26 4. Construction Impact Assessment and Mitigation 32 4.1 Soil Erosion 32 4.2 Community Impacts 32 4.3 Construction Noise Impact and Mitigation 33 4.3.1 Scope and Standards of Assessment 33 4.3.2 Construction Machinery Noise Intensity 33 4.3.3 Predicted Noise Levels and Impact 34 4.3.4 Construction Noise Impact Mitigation 36 4.4 Air Impact and Mitigation during Construction 37 4.4.1 Air lImpact Assessment 37 4.4.2 Air Emission Mitigation 38 4.5 Water Impacts and Mitigation during Construction 39 4.5.1 Impact Assessment 39 4.5.2 Water Impact Mitigation 39 4.6 Solid Waste Impact and Mitigation during Construction 40 4.6.1 Solid Waste Impacts 40 4.6.2 Solid Waste Impact Mitigation 41 4.7 Ecological Impacts and Mitigation 41 4.8 Public Access to the Parks 42 5. Operation Impact Assessment and Mitigation 43 5.1 Air Quality lmpact 43 5.1.1 Assessment Factors and Emission Intensity 43 5.1.2 Climate Characteristics 43 5.1.3 Air Quality Impacts Assessment Prediction 46 5.1.4 Air Pollution Mitigation 53 5.2 Noise lImpacts 56 5.2.1 Noise Prediction Modeling and Model Coefficient/Factor 56 GESRI September, 2002  Guangfo Connecting Road Environmental Impact Assessment 5.2.2 Model Coefficient Determination 61 5.2.3 Noise Prediction Results 63 5.2.4 Noise Mitigation 67 5.3 Water Environment Impact 73 5.3.1 Impact Assessment 73 5.3.2 Impact Mitigation 77 5.4 Resettlement and Relocation 77 5.4.1 Applicable Laws and Policies 77 5.4.2 Land Acquisition and Impact Assessment 78 5.5 Sunshine Impacts 81 5.6 Safeguards 82 6. Analysis of Alternatives 85 6.1 Alternative Alignments/Layouts 85 6.2 Elevated Viaduct vs Surface Road 86 7. Public Consultation 87 7.1 Objectives 87 7.2 Approach 87 7.3 First Round Public Consultation Results 88 7.4 Second Round Public Construction Results 90 7.5 Information Disclosure 93 8. Environmental Management and Monitoring 95 8.1 Environmental Management Organizations 95 8.2 Environmental Management 96 8.3 Personnel Training 97 8.4 Environmental Monitoring 98 9. Summary and Conclusions 102 Appendix I Air Quality Modeling Results 108 Appendix It: Modeling Results for Water Pollutants Dispersion 120 GESRI September, 2002  GUangfo Connecting Road Einvironmental Impact Assessment List of Tables Table 1-1 Functional Zoning For Project Area 4 Table 1-2 Air Quality Standards 5 Table 1-3 Vehicle Emission Standards 5 Table 1-4 Noise Standards 5 Table 1-5 Standards for Noise border of Construction Site 6 Table 1-6 Surface Water Quality Standards 6 Table 1-7 Standards for Wastewater Discharge 6 Table 1-8 Sunshine Obstruction Standards 6 Table 2-1 Project Scale of Guangfo Road 8 Table 2-2 Major Guangfo Road Design and Engineering Specifications 9 Table 2-3 Vehicle Fleet Composition on Guangfo Road 10 Table 2-4 Peak Hour Traffic Volume Forecast 11 Table 2-5 Motor Vehicle Emission Coefficients for Guangfo Project 12 Table 2-6 Motor Velhicle Noise Intensity 13 Table 2-7 Construction Camp Wastewater Characteristics 14 Table 2-8 Contaminant Concentrations of Surface Runoff from Road 15 Table 3-1 Plant along the Guangfo Road Alignment 19 Table 3-2 Sensitive Receptors along the Project Area 23 Table 3-3 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results 24 Table 3-4 Baseline Noise Monitoring Results 25 Table 3-5 Surface Water Quality Monitoring Results 26 Table 3-6 Monitored Annual Average NO2 Concentrations 28 Table 3-7 Monitored Annual Average CO Concentrations 29 Table 3-8 Monitored Annual Average TSP Concentrations 29 Table 3-9 City Wide Ambient Air Quality 30 Table 3-10 Monitored and Modeled Noise in Selected Sensitive Receptors 30 Table 4-1 Construction Site Boundary Noise Standards 33 Table 4-2 Noise of Different Construction Machinery 34 Table 4-3 Noise Levels of Construction Machinery 35 Table 4-4 Dust Concentrations near Construction Sites 38 Table 5-1 Wind Direction Frequency 44 Table 5-2 Wind Speeds Frequency of Occurrence in Winter and Summer 44 Table 5-3 T1emperature Inversion Characteristics in Guangzhou 45 Table 5-4 Pollution Index in Project Area 45 Table 5-5 Frequency of Occurrence of Atmospheric Stability 46 Table 5-6 Measured Air Dispersion Coefficients in Guangzhou 48 Table 5-7 Guangfo Road Air Emissions Pollutant Concentrations 50 Table 5-8 Fangcun Interchange Air Emission Pollutant Concentrations 52 Table 5-9 Air Pollutant Concentrations at Sensitive Receptors 53 GESRI September, 2002 iv  Guangfo Connectinig Road Environmental Impact Assessment Table 5-10 Traffic Volume in Different Timeframe 61 Table 5-11 Noise Modification Factor for Road Slope 62 Table 5-12 Predicted Noib'lievels of Guangfo Road *P4 64 Table 5-13 Predicted Noise Levels at Sensitive Receptors 66 Table 5-14 Measured Vibration from a Similar Viaduct on Inner Ring Road 67 Table 5-15 Comparison of Common Road Noise Mitigation Measures 68 Table 5-16 Summary of Noise Mitigation and Residual Impacts 73 Table 5-17 Rural Land Acquisition Statistics 78 Table 5-18 Impacts of Cultivated Land Acquisition 78 Table 5-19 Affected Houses and Compensation Rates 79 Table 5-20 Estimated cost of Resettlement and Relocation 81 Table 6-1 Comparison of the Alternative Alignment/Layouts 85 Table 6-2 Comparison of Elevated Viaduct vs Surface Road 86 Table 7-1 Questionnaire Survey Results 89 Table 7-2 Summary of Public Meetings 90 Table 7-3 Background of People in the Second Round of Public Consultation 91 Table 8-1 Organizations Involved in Environmental Management 95 Table 8-2 Environmental Monitoring Plan 99 Table 8-3 Air Quality Monitoring Analytical Costs 100 List of Figures Figure 2-1 Location of Guangfo Road and the Two Ring Roads and Radial Roads Figure 3-1 Conditions of the Road in Fangcun, Flowers.and Plants. Gardens in Hengjiao Village Figure 3-2 Ecosystem of the Sides and Roadbed of Railway Figure 3-3 Distribution of Sensitive Receptors on Guangfo Road Figure 3-4 Sensitive Receptors along the Road from Datansha to Fangcun Figure 3-5 Sensitive-Receptors and -Cultural Relics and Historic Sites along Guangfo Road in Jiaobiao Village Figure 3-6 Locations'of Air and Water Monitoring Sites Figure 5-1 Schematics of Relocation of Pavilion and Statue at the Li's Family Shrine Figure 6-1 Alternatives of the Project Figure 8-1 Project Management Organization GESRI September, 2002 v   Guangfo Connecting Road Environmental Impact Assessment 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Project Background Guangzhou's inner ring road and the affiliated roads development are a key project in the Guangzhou Urban Center Traffic Improvement Plan (the Plan) to alleviate the highly congested urban center area. The project is to meet the demands of the rapid economic development in Guangzhou and will serve as a part of the traffic congestion solution for the downtown area by providing an undisrupted, high capacity flow for the through traffic. Together with the outer ring road, the inner ring road will effectively detour the pass-through motor vehicles from entering and going through the city center. According to the Plan, the outer ring road is to connect Guangzhou with cities in the surrounding area and long distance inter-city traffic, while inner ring road is to provide pathways for the through traffic within the city of Guangzhou. The outer and inner ring roads are to be connected via seven "radial" roads in different directions to form an integrated fast road transport network surrounding the city. Following the completion of the two ring roads in 2001, the connecting roads between the ring roads become high priority projects in completing the road network and significant to implementing the Plan and achieving the Plan objectives. The proposed Guangzhou to Foshan (Guangfo) road is one of the seven radial roads connecting the inner and outer ring roads and connecting urban Guangzhou area with Foshan to the west. Located west of the city toward the west ring road, the proposed Guangfo road will be one of the major trunk roads in the high speed road network in the Guangzhou area and Pearl River delta. The locationis of the inner and outer ring roads and the seven radial roads including Guangfo, are shown in Figure 2-1. Guangzhou's west side is one of the most economically active areas in the Pearl River delta. The west bound traffic is among the busiest with average daily traffic exceeding 50,000 motor vehicles and the higher traffic volume is expected to continue in the future. Under such a traffic pressure, coupled with limited road capacity and poor road conditions, the existing roads in this area have become a transportation bottleneck. As a result, serious traffic congestion occurs frequently affecting the economic and social activities in western Guangzhou and cities of Foshan and Nanhai to the west. Guangfo road will provide an important connection between the inner and outer ring roads, alleviating the transport botfleneck and traffic congestion. Guangfo road consists of two mostly parallel carriage ways about 5.2-5.6 km long (3-3.4 km in the Guangzhou city and 2.2 km in the Nanhai city) starting from Zhongshan Balu interchange on the west inner ring road, extends west bound in parallel with an existing railway line, intersecting with planned Datansha road, Fangcun boulevard west (Fangcun Dadaoxi), and ends at the Huangqi interchange on the west outer ring road. When complete, it will form a quick speed connection mostly on an elevated viaduct between two ring roads. ESRI September, 2002 1  Guangfo Connecting Road Environmental limpact Assessment The preparation for all seven radial roads was completed in 1998. During that process, an environmental impact assessment (EIA) for all componenit roads including Guangfo road had been finished as a single project by Guangzhou Environmental Research Institute (GESRI), in accordance with the "Environmental Impact Assessment Technical Guide" (HJ/T2.1-2.3-93). The EIA had been reviewed and approved by Guangzhou Environmental Protection Bureau (GEPB) in 1998. Over the past four years, three out of the seven radial roads have been constructed and opened for traffic. Guangfo road, however has not been ready for construction until now. The project proponept, Guangzhou City Center Transport Project Office, is now seeking World Bank financing to start the construction of the Guangzhou section of the Guangfo road as soon as possible. Clearly, many of the data in the 1998 EIA report may now be out-dated. In addition, the EIA must comply and satisfy with relevant World Bank requirements, in particular, OP4.01 which took effective in 1999 and other safeguards policies. As such, the previous report will require an extensive update and revision and a separate, stand alone Environmental Management Plan (EMP) will also be prepared. The original Terms of Reference (TOR) for EA, prepared by Guangzhou Environmental Scientific Research Institute GESRI and approved by GEPB in July 1998, was updated to reflect the GEPB's comments as and World Bank safeguards requirements. The English version of the TOR was submitted to the World Bank in April, 2002. According to the revised TOR, additional EA tasks have been conducted since 2001, including the following: * Field investigation along the project area to understand changes since the last EIA, particularly changes of sensitive receptors; * Additional environmental baseline monitoring for ambient air, noise and water at selected representative sites along the project area to update the baseline information; * Collection and review of baseline and forecast data including traffic counts and forecast, motor vehicle fleet, etc.; * Re-run the emission, dispersion and noise models using the updated data; o Conduct public consultation; and * Revise the EIA report and creation of an EMP. This EIA report is prepared based on the original report as well as the findings of the above tasks with updated information and assessment for Guangfo road. While the World Bank finances only part of the Guangfo road (the Guangzhou section), this EIA covers the entire Guangfo road with the same assessment standards and mitigation requirements. When the Nanhai section is built, mitigation proposed in the EIA and EMP will apply. The Nanhai government has accepted the EIA findings and mitigation measures according to local government officials during public consultation. The English version EIA is the translation of the Chinese report which has been re- submitted to GEPB for reference (no approval is necessary as it has been approved in 1998). The author of the EIA report certifies that there is no discrepancy of substance ESRI September, 2002 2  Legend N'' , ' ''', .Inner Ring Road . * *i> - -9 / R T - tt -, / Outer Ring Road Radial Road: - -'!; - -_ . < ,8* ^ Outg,r -'j R.ng4;_ Not to dhe scale Roa d Guan fi du Yuua giuRoad .r; Zennec aRnXoad7ordE:n . D _anRd '.te Road,,' - * -RIg R,,,ad |- ~ ~ - p|-- X L0 1 SM-U i.,, ..tr - Rong and .v ~ - ' in8. ----..... *, - . 'C ; Figure2-1 . od ; ..Guangfo ,"', ' .the T Ri.ng Road and Raia Roads Figure2-1 Location of Guangfo Road and the Two Ring Roads and Radial Roads   Guangfo Connecting Road Environmental Impact Assessment between the Chinese and English versions of the EIA, although the two may not be completely identical due mainly to the differences in expressions of the two languages. 1.2 EA Objectives Road construction is a major infrastructure development with profound impacts to social, economic and natural environments. The objective of the EA is to determine these potential impacts of the project at the project planning and design stage to ensure the development be environmentally sound and acceptable. More specifically, the EA is to: * evaluate the project's potential environmental risks and impacts in its area of influence; * examine project alternatives; * identify ways of improving project selection, siting, planning, design, and implementation by preventing, minimizing, mitigating, or compensating for adverse environmental impacts and enhancing positive impacts; and * include the process of mitigating and managing adverse environmental impacts throughout project implementation. Preventive measures will be first considered and preferred over mitigatory or compensatory measures, whenever feasible. 1.3 Applicable Regulations and Basis The EA is conducted based on the following regulations, as well as technical guidelines and policies of state, provincial and municipal governments and the World Bank: * Environmental Protection Law of PRC; * Air Pollution Prevention Law of PRC; * Water Pollution Prevention Law of PRC; * Noise Pollution Prevention Regulations of PRC; * Environmental Protection Management for Construction Projects, State Council, November 1998; * Environmental Protection Guidelines for Construction Projects in Guangdong, Guangdong People's Congress, No.57, 1994; * Environmental Protection Guidelines in Guangzhou, Standing Committee of Guangzhou People's Congress, June 1997; * Air Pollution Prevention Regulations in Guangzhou, Standing Committee of Guangzhou People's Congress, April, 1997; * Noise Pollution Prevention Regulations in Guangzhou, Standing Committee of Guangzhou People's Congress, April 1997; * Zoning of Guangzhou Urban Area According to 'Standard of Environmental Noise in Urban Area', Guangzhou Municipal Government, SF(1995) File No.58; * Motor Vehicle Emission Prevention and Control Regulations in Guangzhou, Standing Committee of Guangzhou People's Congress, No.84, December 1997; * Air quality zoning of Guangzhou urban area according to functional uses, Guangzhou Municipal Government, No.23, 1999; ESRI September, 2002 3  Guangfo Connecting Road Environmental Impact Assessmilet * Guangzhou drinking water sources pollution prevention guidelines, Standing Committee of Guangzhou People's Congress, No.59, April 1997; * Interim Guangdong surface water zoning according to environmental functions, Guangdong provincial government, No.553, 1999; * Management Regulation of Guangzhou Green Area, Standing Committee of Guangzhou People's Congress, December 1996; * Environmental Protection Management for Construction Projects, Decree No. 253, State Council, November 1998; * Guangzhou City Master Plan (1991-2010); Guangzhou Municipal Government; * Guangzhou City Transportation Plan, Guangzhou Planning Bureau; * Informing to Enhance the EIA Management of Projects Loaded by International Banking Organisations, HJ (1993) No.324; * The World Bank Operational Policies - Environmental Assessment (OP 4.01); * Other World Bank safeguards policies, where applicable; and * Feasibility study report for the Guangfo Project. 1.4 Function Zoning The environmental zoning is based on the functions of the project as determined by the Guangzhou Municipal Government, based on relevant state and local environmental regulations. The functional zoning, which will be the basis for selection environmental standards for this assessment, is as follows: o The project area will be Class II zone for ambient air quality; * The project area is located in Guangzhou's drinking water protection area which will be the basis for surface water quality standard; o With regard to noise zoning, areas with schools will be regarded in this EA as Category I noise zone, and residential areas will be classified as Category II noise zone (mixed residential/commercial zone); other areas which are essentially industrial and commercial facilities located immediately adjacent to a busy railway line, is classified as Category IV noise zone (urban trunk road side zone), which is defined as 30 m from the railway and trunk roads. The functional zoning of the project area applied in this EA, is summarized in Table I - I. Table 1-1 Functional Zoning for Project Arca No. Items Functional Zoning I Surface water environment Drinking water protection zone 2 Ambient air quality Category II zone 3 Noise Category I for schools and 11 for residential areas and IV for others 4 Any agricultural protection zone No 5 Scenery protection zone No 6 Other land zoning j Gas pipelines, etc. ESRI September, 2002 4  Guangfo Connecting Road Environrnental Impact Assessment O-k 1.5 Environmental Assessment Standards Air The Class II of the ambient air quality standards of the Environmental Air Quality Standards (GB3095-1006), are applied in the EA according to relevant regulations. The specifics of the Class II standards are presented in Table 1-2. Table 1-2 Air Quality Standards unit: mg/Nm3 Pollutants Concentration CO NO2 Pb ([ig/Nm3) PM1o TSP Yearly average 0.08 1.00 0.10 0.20 Seasonal average 1.5 Daily average 4.00 0.12 0.15 0.30 Hourly average 10.00 0.24 Vehicle emissions Table 1-3 Vehicle Emission Standards Type of vehicle Standard Reference CO (%) HC (ppm) GB1476.5-93 Gasoline vehicl~eNew 4.5 1200 I in-use 5.0 1500 Diesel vehicle 4.5-5 (FSN) GB 1476.6-93 Noise Based on Zoning of Guangzhou Urban Area According to 'Standard of Environmental Noise in Urban Area' the project area includes both Class IV and Class 11 zones. Basically, areas immediately adjacent to trunk roads and railways are zoned as Class IV while the mixed residential, education and commercial areas are zoned as Class II, and the corresponding noise standards will be applied to this zones accordingly. Earlier environmental assessment has identified seven sensitive receptors including schools and residential areas some of which are located on the trunk road and railway side. However, to better protect the sensitive receptors, all schools and residential facilities, regardless their zoning, will all apply Class I noise standards, which are the most stringent standards within the noise regulatory standard framework. These standards and corresponding applicable zones are listed in Table 1-4. The construction site noise standards are listed in Table 1-5. Table 1-4 Noise Standard unit: dB(A) Class Scope Day Night I Schools and hospitals zones 55 45 II Residential, commercial and education zones 60 50 IV Trunk road and railway side 70 55 ESRI September, 2002 5  Guangfo Connecting Road Environmental Impact Assessment Table 1-5 Standards for Noise at Border of Construction Site unit: dB(A) Activity Main Noise Source Limit Day Night Earth and stone Bulldozer, excavator, fork-lift truck 75 55 Pile Driving Pile driver 85 use prohibited Structure Concrete mixer, vibration pile driver, 70 55 electric saw Set up Crane, elevator 65 55 Water Applicable standards are Class II in the Surface Water Quality Standards (GHZBI-1999), as shown in Table 1-6. Table 1-6 Surface Water Quality Standards unit: mg/L(except pH) Pollutants PH CODcr BOD5 Oil Pb P DO Standard 6.5-8.5 20 4 0.05 0.05 0.1 >5 Wastewater discharge will apply Class 11 in the Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standards, shown in Table 1-7. Table 1-7 Standard of Wastewater Discharge Pollutant Standard ( mg/I, except pH) CODcr 60 BOD5 20 SS 20 Mineral oil and grease 5 Plant and animal oil and grease 10 Ammonia nitrogen 10 Total phosphorus 0.5 PH 6-9 Sunshine Sunshine standards are presented in Table 1-8.. Table 1-8 Sunshine Obstruction Standards Class Applications Standards (hrs.) I Nursery, kindergarten, sanitarium, greenhouses 5-6 it Teaching building, office, public building, general workshop 3-4 III Residential building, office, public building, recreation units 1-2 or full window sunshine at noon ESRI September, 2002 6  Guangfo Coninecting Road Environmental Impact Assessment 1.6 Primary Environmental Protection Target The primary protection targets are facilities sensitive to environmental impacts, or known as sensitive receptors. Typically in urban or suburb areas, sensitive receptors include schools, hospitals, kindergartens, residential areas, government and professional institutions, drinking water sources, scenery ancl cultural relics or historical sites. In this EA, all sensitive receptors along the project will first be identified through site investigation and determined as to the nature of these facilities and what types of impacts they are sensitive to and when they are sensitive. These sensitive receptors will then be the focus throughout the environmental baseline evaluation and impact assessment. Furthermore, the sensitive receptors will also be the primary targets for which preventive and mitigation measures will be developed. An objective of the EA is to protect these sensitive receptors from unacceptable adverse impacts from project activities in both the construction and operation phases. 1.7 Scope of Assessment and Pollution Parameters The scope of environmental impact assessment is determined primarily according to "Environmental Impact Assessment Guides for Road Construction Projects" (JTJ005-96) from the Ministry of Communications (MOC). The scope for this project is: * Ambient air: 300 m on both sides of the road; * Water: upstream from the Pearl River bridge to the water intake of the Xicun Water Plant and 200 m downstream from the bridge; * Noise: 50 m on both sides of the road; * Ecological and visual impacts: 200 m on both sides of the road. Based on the nature of the project (motor vehicle noise and emission, large scale elevated viaduct, etc.) and site conditions (river crossing, urban area, etc), the focuses of EA will be placed on acoustic environment, ambient air quality, water environment, and scenery or visual impacts. The assessment will first focus on preventive measures through altemative analysis and design changes, before mitigation and compensation measures. The assessment itself will utilize the existing environmental monitoring and assessment information in the archives or historical data, as well as investigation and data collection in this EA process. The key pollutant parameters to be covered in this EA are: * Air: NO2, CO, TSP and PM1o for monitoring and NO2 and CO for impact projection; * Water: SS, COD, petroleum oil, lead, zinc, chromium for monitoring and COD and petroleum oil for impact projection; and * Noise: ambient noise as measured as dB(A). ESRI September, 2002 7  Guanlgfo Connecting Road Environmental Impact Assessment 2.0 Project Description and Engineering Analysis 2.1 Project Alignment and Orientation Guangfo connecting road starts from Zhongshan Balu interchange on the west section of the inner ring road. The road will then extend westbound, cross Pearl river east channel, on the Datansha island in the middle of Pearl river, then turn southwest bound crossing Pearl river west channel into Fangcun district and then entering into Nanhai city of Foshan Municipality after the Fangcun boulevard west (Fangcun Dadaoxi), and finally end at the Huangqi interchange on the outer ring road. Guangfo road consists of two elevated viaduct (Line A and B each with three motor vehicle lanes in one direction) in parallel and close distance on both sides to the operating Guangsan railway, and then merges into a single elevated viaduct structure at Guocun residential areas within the Nanhai city. The total length of Guangfo road is about 5.2 km (Line A) to 5.6 km (Line B), of which approximately 3.2 km is in the Guangzhou and 2-2.6 km in Nanhai, approximately 5-5.4 km is bridges and elevated viaduct and 0.2 km is surface road (Figure 2-1). Guangfo road will intersect the inner ring road, proposed Datansha road, Fangcun boulevard west (Fangcun Dadaoxi), and the outer ring road, with two/three layer interchanges. The two Pearl river bridges will have the identical design in span and navigation clearance with the existing rail/road bridges. Both bridges will be 600 m long. 2.2 Engineering Scale and Technical Specifications The project scale of Guangfo road, according to the latest feasibility study report, is summarized in Table 2-1. Table 2-1 Project Scale of Guangfo Road Item Quantity Line A Line B Remarks Entire road Length (m) 5188 5633 Viaduct Length (m) 4388 4833 Excluding Pearl river bridge Area (m2 55,260 60,870 and surface road Surface Road Length (m) 200 200 Area (mi) 2543 2543 Pearl river Length (m) 600 600 bridge Area (m2 9000 9000 Datansha Ramp (mi) 240 150 Interchange Area (mi) 1680 1050 Fangcun Ramp (m) _ 1581 Interchange Area in ) _ 14,727 Bus station No. 5 Culverts Area (m2) 517 Pedestrian Length (m) 5399 road Area (m2) 21,771 Resettlement No. (house) 452 (GZ) 20 (NHl)_ Area (ni) 34,427 1764 ESRI September, 2002 8  Guangfo Connecting Road Environmental Impact Assessment The major design and engineering specifications are presented in Table 2-2. Table 2-2 Major Guangfo Road Design and Engineering S ecifications Items Unit Quantity Main road (viaduct) design speed Km/hr. 50-60 Ramp design speed Km/hr. 30-40 Surface road design speed Km/hr. 40 Two-lane road width M 9.2 Three-lane road width M 12.6 Three-lane river crossing bridge width M 15 One-lane ramp width M 7 Two-lane ramp width M 8.5 Design load 20-120 Water aviation clearance height (east bridge)* M 8.2 Water aviation clearance height (west bridge)* M 5.7 Railway crossing clearance height M >7.55 Distance to railway central line M 6 Interchange clearance height M >5.0 Surface road clearance height M >5.1 Non-motor vehicle/pedestrian clearance height M >2.5 Slope % 0-3.83 Radius M 250-1000 Earthquake scale Intensity VIl * based on water elevation of 106.8 m above the sea level, which is the city elevation The Zhongshan Balu interchange on the inner ring road and Huangqiao interchange on the outer ring road have mostly constructed except the connections with Guangfo road and are current in operation. The proposed World Bank loan will finance the Guangzhou part of the road, up to the Fangcun interchange while the financing and construction for the section in Nanhai/Foshan city section is to be determined later. However, this EA covers the entire Guangfo road with the same standards for assessment and mitigation design, despite the road may be financed differently and constructed in two stages. 2.3 Drainage Systems According to "Guangzhou Urban Area Wastewater Management Master Plan", which indicates that the newly developed districts will adopt separate wastewater and storm water systems while the old urban area will gradually be converted to the separate system. Considering also the needs for flood control, the following principles and standards are applied in the design of drainage system in Guangfo road: * New storm water sewers will be built and located as close to the evaluated viaduct as possible but not to affect the locations of the viaduct columns along the entire Guangfo road; and wastewater sewers will be located close to the pedestrian roads; ESRI September, 2002 9  Guangfo Connecting Road Environmental Impact Assessment * Catch basins will be installed evenly along the entire Guangfo road, including the ramps. On the ramps, the catch basins will be located at the bottoms; * Vertical PVC pipes with 150 mm diameter will be used to drain storm water on the elevated viaduct to the ground, connecting directly to the underground storm sewers; * Sewer systems in the demolition areas will be re-built, connecting to the trunk sewer systems in that area; and * The catchment area will be defined basically as 150 m from the central line on both sides of Guangfo road. The Datansha area currently has two sewer lines, the Fangcun area has only one combined sewer line while the Huangqi interchange area on the outer ring road area has no sewer system as this is close to the rural area. The project will include construction of one storm sewer line in the Fangcun area (to create a separate sewer system) and one storm sewer line in the Huangqi area, both to be built simultaneously with the Guangfo road main structure itself. As described in the above bullets, the storm water will be first collected via the catch basins on the viaduct, and then drained via the vertical pipes mounted on the supporting columns to the underground storm sewer along the entire Guangfo road, either existing or newly built. Finally, all the storm sewer will be directly discharged to the closest surface water bodies in the area. 2.4 Landscaping Guangfo project will contain a landscaping component. Basically, trees will be planted along the pedestrian lanes at the space of 8-10 meter. Bushes and lawns will be planted at the both ends of bridges. In the open space of interchanges, there will be low bushes, flowers and lawns. 2.5 Traffic Volume Forecast Traffic on Guangfo road is forecasted for years 2005, 2010 and 2020 which will also be the key years for environmental impact assessment, based on the methodology from "Methods for Feasibility Study for Road and Water Aviation Projects" by the Ministry of Communications (MOC). Motor vehicle fleet composition and traffic volume on Guangfo road are forecasted based existing survey as well as the changes and growth with the regional economic development in the future. The forecast results are presented in Table 2-3 and Table 2-4. Table 2-3 Vehicle Fle et Composition on Guangfo Road (%) Type of Vehicle 2005 2010 2015 2020 Small passenger vehicle 60 64 66 71 Taxi 12 10 8 5 Large passenger vehicle 5 7 8 10 Small freight vehicle 17 15 15 12 Large freight vehicle 6 4 3 2 Total 100 100 100 100 ESRI September, 2002 1 0  Guangfo Connecting Road Environmental Impact Assessment Table 2-4 Peak Hour Traffic Volume Forecast (pcu/hr.) Road control section 2005 2010 2015 2020 _E->W W->E E->W W->E. E->W W->E E->W W->E Inner ring road interchange 3267 3052 3634 3365 3911 3772 4083 3832 Datansha Interchange 3061 2936 3514 3309 3869 3747 4058 3791 Fangcun Interchange 2770 2742 3315 3265 3674 3654 3861 3713 Outer Ring Road 1917 1636 2176 2391 2573 2573 2656 2646 Note: E->W: East to West; W->E: West to East 2.7 Major Pollutants The Guangfo connecting road project construction and operation will generate pollutants to be discharged to the environment. Main such pollutants are: Motor Vehicle Emission The motor vehicle emission comes primarily from incomplete engine combustion (about 60% of the emission), crankcase leak gas (20%) and carburetor emission (20%). Typically, there are approximately 120-200 kinds of organic compounds in the motor vehicle emission, but the primary contaminants are CO, NO2, HC and lead containing particulate. These contaminants emission changes with the distance driven, speed, type of vehicles, fuels, and vehicle maintenance conditions. For most of the vehicles in Guangzhou motor vehicle fleet, NO2 and CO emissions increase as the motor vehicle speed, but HC emission decreases with motor vehicle speed. For motor cycles, NO2 and HC emissions all increase with the driving speeds. Motor vehicle emission coefficients for different types of motor vehicles under different conditions will be determined using MOBILE5, which is a motor vehicle emission coefficient model developed by the US Environmental Protection Administration (US EPA). MOBILES considers various factors related to motor vehicle emissions and have been widely and successfully applied in different countries under different conditions. This model was modified and applied in 1995 in the environmental impact assessment for the World Bank financed Guangzhou Inner Ring Road project by GESRI, and has been proven to be accurate and fit with the local conditions. MOBILE5 requires the following data in running the modeling: * Guangzhou motor vehicle fleet size over the years; * Existing motor vehicle inspection standards and new vehicle emission standards in Guangzhou; * Motor vehicle emission control plan, inspection and maintenance programs in the future, and emission standards to be adopted for new motor vehicles in Guangzhou; * Import and domestic motor vehicle ratio and trend for changes and emissions from import motor vehicles; * Average speeds of motor vehicles using Guangfo road; and * Climate data for January and July in Guangzhou including maximum, minimum and average temperatures. ESRI September, 2002  Guangfo Connecting Road Environmental Impact Assessment For the above data, the motor vehicle fleet size uses the 1978-1998 data as the base data. The new vehicle emission standards are based on the "Light motor vehicle pollutant emission standards (GWPBI-1999)" and "Motor cycle pollutant emission standards (GB14621-93)". The average motor vehicle speeds are assumed to be 60 km/hr. on the project road and 40 km/hr. on the ramps. Using these data and assumptions, the model predicts the motor vehicle emission coefficient for different types of motor vehicles which will use the Guangfo road. The modeling results are presented in Table 2-5. Table 2-5 Motor Vehicle Emission Coefficients for Guangfo Project (rn/km-vehicle) Vehicle Year Pollutant Type of Motor Vehicles Speed Small Medium Large Heavy 40 2005 HC 2.566 4.682 5.127 5.365 CO 16.486 19.425 25.784 40.426 NO2 1.445 2.220 2.737 5.099 2010 HC 2.150 3.456 4.288 3.190 CO 16.283 19.260 23.723 30.368 NO2 0.983 1.421 1.824 3.142 2020 HC 1.796 2.449 2.828 2.311 CO 10.634 14.040 16.818 28.544 NO2 0.631 0.912 1.175 2.758 60 2005 HC 1.812 3.189 3.916 3.030 CO 12.129 15.339 18.785 25.372 NO2 _ 1.496 2.240 2.763 5.308 2010 HC 1.510 2.530 3.132 1.991 CO 9.441 11.877 14.630 20.931 NO2 1.018 1.429 1.836 3.284 2020 HC 1.274 1.809 2.082 1.497 CO 6.165 8.658 10.373 19.674 NO2 0.654 0.920 1.183 2.882 The above table does not include motorcycles because motorcycles are banned on the inner ring and radial road network including Guangfo road. Furthermore, the government of Guangzhou has already stopped issuing new licenses to motorcycles and plans to gradually phase out motorcycles from urban/suburb Guangzhou within the next few years when existing motorcycles are retired. Therefore, this EA does not consider the impacts from motorcycles. Based on the motor vehicle emission coefficients listed in the above table for various types of vehicles and traffic volume forecasted for this project, the peak hour motor vehicle emissions can be calculated using the following formula: E,jk(y) = C,k (y) N, Lj ESRI September, 2002 12  Guangfo Coniecting Road Environmental Impact Assessment 25 5 Ek(y) =ZEyk(Y) e j .'f 1=1 J=l Where: i, j, k, are vehicle moving direction, vehicle types and contaminants types y: year E,ik (y), type k contaminant from vehicle type j at moving direction i in year y; Ek (y), discharge of contaminant type k in year y; Clk (y), emission coefficient for contaminant type k at year y; Nij vehicle type j at the moving direction i; L,, driving distance at moving direction i. Noise Noise during the construction phase will come primarily from construction machinery, with noise intensity ranged between 80-90 dB(A). At the operational phase, the noise sources will be motor vehicles on the road, including engine noise, emission noise, vibration noise, transmission noise, brake noise, tire and road surface friction noise, etc. The engine noise is the dominant source of motor vehicle noise. According to "Environmental Impact Assessment Guide for Road Construction Projects (JTJO05-96), the motor vehicle noise intensity is proportional to the motor vehicle speed, as defined in Table 2-5. Also presented in this table is the projected noise level at the designed speeds for Guangfo road. Table 2-6 Motor Vehicle Noise Intensity dB(A) Type of Motor Vehicles Average Noise Noise level Intensity 40 km/hr. 60 km/hr. Small vehicle 59.3+0.23V 68.5 73.1 Medium vehicle 62.6+0.32V 75.4 82.0 Large vehicle 77.2+0.18V 84.4 88.0 Note: V is motor vehicle speed and the formula are applicable for 20-100 km/hr. speeds Wastewater During the construction phase, the wastewater will primarily be domestic wastewater from construction camps. For the Guangfo road project, it is estimated that there will be about 200 workers at the site during construction. At 315 L/person/day, the wastewater generation will be approximately 63 m3/day, with the characteristics shown in Table 2.6. ESRI September, 2002 13  Guangfo Connectitig Road Environmental Impact Assessment Table 2-6 Construction Camp Wastewater Characteristics Constituents Concentration (mg/L) Discharge load (kg/day) Ss 100 6.3 BOD5 110 6.93 COD 250 15.7 Plant and animal oil 20 1.26 Total phosphorus 4 0.25 Total nitrogen 30 1.89 In addition, there will also be small amount of machinery washing effluent during the- construction phase which contains primarily oil and grease and suspended solids. During operation phase, the contaminated water will mainly be the first period of storm water as surface runoff from the road. According to the method recommended by a paper entitled "Environmental Impact Assessment of Road Surface Polluted Storm Water" published in Environmental Protection in Transportation Sector (2-3, 1994), the first two hours of storm water volume may be determined using the following formula: Qm=CxlxA, I=Q/D Where: Qm, first 2 hours of storm water volume from road surface; C: catchment area runoff coefficient; 1: average precipitation intensity within the collection period; A: road surface area; Q: project area average annual precipitation; and D: project area average number of days of precipitation per year. According to the last 58 years of historical climate data in Guangzhou, the annual precipitation in the project area is estimated to be 1699.8 mm and the average total number of days of precipitation (defined as precipitation larger than 0.1 mm per day) per year is 151 days. The surface runoff coefficient is 0.9 for concrete, asphalt and other type of paved surface according Interior Design Codes of China. The total area of Guangfo road is approximately 150,000 mi2. Thus, the first two hours of storm water is 759.8 m3/hr. or 0.21 m /s. Because of the dripping oil, dust and other contaminants which may be present on the road surface, the "first flush" of the storm water will be contaminated. The contaminant concentrations of the surface runoff from the road are affected by many factors and are difficult to estimate. This EA will use data from another operation expressway in south China, which made measurements on the pollutant strength in the surface runoff from highways, which is generated within the first hour of precipitation. The data are presented in Table 2.7. ESRI September, 2002 14  Guangfo Connecting Road Environmental Impact Assessment Table 2-7 Contaminant Concentrations of Surface Runoff from Road Contaminant Time since Surface runoff startss Maximum Average 0-15 15-30 30-60 60-120 >120 COD 170 130 110 97 72 170 120 BOD5 28 26 23 20 12 28 20 Oil and Grease 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 3 2 SS 390 280 190 200 160 390 280 Total phosphorus 0.99 0.86 0.92 0.83 0.63 0.99 0.81 Tbtal nitrogen 3.6 3.4 3.1 2.7 2.3 3.6 3 ESRI September, 2002 15  Guangfo Connecting Road Environmental Impact Assessment 3.0 Environmental and Socio-Economic Baseline 3.1 Physical Setting 3.1.1 Land Form and Geology The landform of the project area may, be divided into the five sections along the road alignment and each has distinct landform and soil. Zhongshan Balu section has a Quaternary sediment layer of 19.8 - 52.5 m thick. The soil is mainly backfill (sand), silt, power sand, coarse sand and powdering clay. The bed rock is cretaceous sandy rock. The weathered rock surface is about 21.5-52.5 m, with substantial fluctuation. Pearl River East Bridge has a Quaternary sediment layer of 3.7-44.8 m thick. The soil is mainly backfill, medium to coarse sand, silt, and powering clay. The bed rock is cretaceous sandy rock. Weathered rock surface is about 3.7-54.1 m with substantial fluctuation. Datansha section has a Quaternary sediment layer of 20.0-44.0 m thick. The soil is mainly backfill, silt, fine sand, medium to coarse sand and sandy clay. The bed rock is cretaceous silty rock, sandy rock and limestone rock with complex natures. The weathered rock layer measured from the existing ground is 20.0-59.2 m. Pearl River West Bridge has a Quaternary sediment layer of 6.5-9.4 m thick. The soil is mainly medium to coarse sand and powering clay and the bed rock is cretaceous sandy rock. The weathered rock layer is 9.8-23.7 m with some fluctuation. Fangcun section has a Quaternary sediment layer of 3.7-44.8 m thick. The soil is mixed backfill silt, medium to coarse sand and silty clay. The bed rock is cretaceous sandy rock and weathered rock layer is about 17.5-29.4 m. The alluvium layers on the site contains water. There are abundant groundwvater resources in the project area. The drilling investigation showvs that the groundwater table in this area is about 1.3-1.5 m on average. 3.1.2 Meteorology and Climate Guangzhou is located in the sub-tropical monsoonl climate zone with abundant precipitation and moist air. Based on the long term climate records from meteorological stations near the project area, the yearly average temperature is 21.9