China - Third Inland Waterways Project : environment impact assessment (Vol. 3 of 3) : Xinggjiang Waterway Construction and Development : Zhuzhou navigation complex - environmental assessment summary (revised)

E426 Volume 3 (revised) Data (11) Submitted to the World Bank World Bank Loan Project: China Inland Waterway III Xiangjiang Waterway Construction & Development Zhuzhou Navigation Complex Project Environmental Assessment Summary Hunan Environmental Protection Research Institute Changsha, Hunan January 2001 L'L Lu" Y  Environmental Assessment Summary Content 1. General 2. Outline of project 3.Present Environmental Situation 4. Impact on Water Environment 5. Ecological Impact 6. Impact on Social, Atmospheric & Acoustic Environments 7. Alternatives Analysis 8. Environmental Impact Analysis of Zhuzhou-Xiangtan Section Waterway Dredging & Expansion Project 9. Environmental Impact Analysis of Hengshan Kilo-tonnage Dock Project 10. Public Consultation 11. Environment Management Plan Attachments: 1. Sketch Map of Xiangjiang Waterway Construction & Development 2. Schematic Diagram of Inundated Area for Zhuzhou Navigation Complex Project I- 1  Environmental Assessment Summary 1. General 1.1 Motivation Xiangjiang River, originating from Haiyangshan Mountain of Linchuan County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, is the biggest river within Hunan Province and a first-grade branch of Yangtze River. It runs through Hunan Province from south to north and empties into Yangtze River at Chenglingji of Yueyang city, with a total length of 969 km and a drainage area of 94,660 km2. Hunan's major industrial cities such as Yueyang, Changsha, Xiangtan, Zhuzhou and Hengyang are all situated on its riverside. 70% of the large & medium-scale enterprises thereof are sited along Xiangjiang River, therefore, Xiangjiang River is regarded as the economic corridor of Hunan Province. In 1999, Hunan Provincial Party Committee and Government set forward a strategic target aiming at accelerating the priority regional economy development, known as One Point and One Line, and speeding up the economic integration program of three cities, respectively known as Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan. Zhuzhou Navigation & Power Complex Project is now officially listed in the Government's agenda. MOC and Hunan Province have included Xiangjiang River Rolling Development Project - Zhuzhou Navigation & Power Complex Construction into national and provincial early-stage schedule of The Tenth Five- Year Plan. Hunan Provincial Communications Department (HPCD) entrusted Hunan Communications Planning & Designing Institute to prepare the Feasibility Study and the Project Proposal in March 1999. Upon the completion of which, HPCD further entrusted Hunan Environmental Protection Science Institute (HEPSI) to prepare Environmental Impact Report of Xiangjiang River Zhuzhou Navigation & Power Complex; Upon the receipt of the assignment, HEPSI promptly established an Environment Subject Assessment Division, which after carefully analyzing the relevant project information, conducted a site survey at Zhuzhou Complex dam & reservoir area, monitored the present regional environment and collected a series of routine monitoring data regarding pollution source and water quality at the site. On which basis, the Environmental Impact Report of Xiangjiang River Zhuzhou Navigation & Power Complex was prepared. Besides the self-raised funds, Zhuzhou Complex Project intends to apply to the World Bank for an $100 million loan. In accordance with the Assessments Categorizing Standards provided in Notification on Reinforcing Environmental Impacts Assessment Administration over International Financial Organizations Funded Construction Projects reference No. [1993] 324 issued by National Environmental Monitoring Division (NEMD), the environmental Assessment of the Project was categorized as Type A. --2-  Environmental Assessment Summary 1.2 Assessment Objective The preparation of Environmental Assessment is designed to confirm the scale and extent of the impacts on the surrounding environments in order to work out practical measures to avoid the adverse impacts and provide technical supports for engineering designs and environmental administration. 1.3 Assessment Basis The policies and regulations governing the environment assessments are listed as below: * Environmental Protection Law of People's Republic of China, Water Pollution Prevention Law, Atmosphere Pollution Prevention Law, Noise Pollution Prevention Law, Water & Soil Conservation Law; * Construction Projects Environmental Protection Control Rules State Council Decree Reference No.: 253; * Notification on Reinforcing Environmental Impacts Assessment Administration over International Financial Organizations Funded Construction Projects NEMD Reference No. [1993] 324; * Hunan Xiangjiang River Drainage Area Water Pollution Prevention Regulations; * Xiangjiang River Waterway Development Zhuzhou Navigation & Power Complex; - Project Feasibility Study; Hunan Communication Planning Institute; and * The World Bank, OP4.01 Environmental Assessment. 1.4 Sphere of Assessment This project is composed of two phases: construction phase and operation phase. The impacted area of the construction phase is the Kongzhou Dam site, while that of operation phase covers the entire 96km reservoir backwater area. 1.5 Assessment Standards * The executive standards reviewed and approved by Hunan Environmental Protection Bureau for environment assessment in this project are provided as below: * Water environment assessment standard: In accordance with Water Quality Type 2, 3 and 4 Standards specified in GHZB1-1999 Surface Water environment Quality Standard. * Atmospheric Environment Quality Standard: Type 2 Standard specified in GB3095-1996 Atmospheric Environment Quality Standard is to be observed for all assessment areas. * Acoustic Environment Quality Standard: In construction phase, GB12523- 93 Construction Site Noise Limit Value is to be observed; In operation -- 3 -  Environmental Assessment Summary phase, Type 4 Standard specified in GB3096-93 Urban Noise Limit Value is to be observed for highways at the two sides of the Dam; And Type 1 Standard specified in GB3096-93 is to be observed for present situation assessment. Sewage Discharge Limits: Limit Grade 1 specified in General Sewage Discharge Limits is to be observed for sewage discharged to water areas of Type 2 & 3 specified in GHZB1-1999. Limit Grade 2 specified in General Sewage Discharge Limits is to be observed for sewage discharged to water areas of Type 4 specified in GB8978-1996. 1.6 Objectives of Environmental Protection * Protect the source of drinking water in the 96km reservoir area. According to the functional plan of regional water areas, living water sources in the reservoir area mainly include two places: the intake of Hengshan County Water Supply Factory and the intake of Hengdong County Shiwan Town Water Supply Factory. * To protect the ecological environment, including the water organisms, vegetation in the assessment area and Kongling'an Tourist Attraction Site, 1 km downstream from the Dam. * To protect the residents in the vicinity of the Dam from noise and dust pollution. 1.7 Assessment Assignments The assessment is conducted by Hunan Environmental Protection Institute (HEPI) assisted by Hengyang Environmental Protection Institute (HYEPI) and Zhuzhou Environmental Protection Monitoring Station (ZEPMS). HEPI is responsible for the preparation of the Outline & the Report and partial site work while ZEPMS and HYEPI are responsible for the site monitoring and pollution sources data- collecting. HEPI has been engaging in the environmental assessment and management ever since the early 1980's. It has been categorized as National First Grade Unit. Over 50% of the major or secondary projects' assessments were conducted by HEPI. 2. Outline of Project 2.1 Overview Zhuzhou Navigation Complex is located at Kongzhou, within Zhuzhou County in the downstream of Xiangjiang River. This project is categorized as Class IlIl project, and the major buildings are designed according to the standards for Class ll. The designed flood repetition period is 50 years and the check flood repetition period is 500 years. The site of Kongzhou Dam is recommended as the dam site for ZNCP, which is 83 km from Hengshan County, 24 km from Zhuzhou City, and 96 km from the completed dam site of Dayuandu Navigation Complex. It is located between Hengshan Hydrologic Station and Zhuzhou Hydrologic Station. -- 4 -  Environmental Assessment Summary Zhuzhou Navigation Complex Project (ZNCP) is an integrated project, which combines navigation, power generation, communications and irrigation. Main buildings in this project consist of sluice gate, power plant house, navigation lock and highway bridge. The total construction phase is 5 years. It will take 32 months to complete the navigation lock and 36 months to put the first generating set into operation. The total investment is 1.814 billion RMB, which includes 1.753 billion RMB for the Navigation Complex Project and 0.017 billion RMB for Hengshan Kilo-tonnage Dock Project is and 0.014 billion RMB for Waterway Dredging Projects. 0.1 billion USD will be loaned from the World Bank and the balance will be obtained from the Ministry of Communications and Hunan Province (i.e, subsidies and self-raised fund). According to the plane layout of the dam, power plant is placed on the left branch, with a 12-hole sluice gate, and a permanent navigation lock on the right branch, with a 14-hole sluice gate. The height of dam is 50.8 m and crest length 1068.5 m. The normal water level of the reservoir of Zhuzhou Navigation Complex is 40.5m and the relative capacity 0.4743 billion m3. It is a low-dam runoff adjustable reservoir. After water is retained, the average surface width of the reservoir is about 600m. Water level at the end of the dam is 3.5-4.5 m lower than the banks and water level at the far end of the reservoir is 10-12 m lower than the banks. This reservoir is of channel-form reservoir, which does not affect the functions of the existing dams and water conservancy facilities. In order to meet the growing demand in communications development and operation and management in Zhuzhou city, a two-lane highway bridge is built on the dam crest. The highway connecting the bridge with 815 Provincial Highway is about 7km in length. The highway connecting the bridge with Bejing-Zhuhai Expressway is also 7km in length. The two connecting highways are designed according to the standards for Class l1l. The total construction time for this project is 5 years. The first phase will be 3 years, in which the first generating set on the left branch will be put into operation, the navigation lock on the right branch and the sluice gate on the left branch will be completed. The second phase will be two years, in which the sluice gate on the right branch will be completed. 2.2 Auxiliary Works 2.2.1 Special-purpose Highway According to the topography of the dam site, requirements of body building construction and the navigation complex layout, temporary special-purpose highways shall be built to reach slag yard, dock, sand & stone processing system, concrete system, explosive magazine and the road around the weir. Total length --5-  Environmental Assessment Summary of these temporary highways of cement pavement is 3.7km. There are no environment-sensitive points along these highways. 2.2.2 Stone Pit and Slay Yard Stone Pit: Shanshanwu Stone Pit is primarily determined as the self-provided stock ground, which is 10.5 km away from the dam site, with limestone as its major composition. Thickness of stone layer is 15-20 m. The exploitable area is 15,000 m2 and its reserves is 0.22-0.30 million m3. Ground exploitation method shall be employed. Both stone quality and exploitation conditions are good. In the northeast and southwest of stone pit are settled a few local residents; in the west are oil-tea camellia fields; in the east is a pool. There are no environment- sensitive points around the stone pit. The stone pit is connected to the dam site by a temporary highway. Slag Yard: There will be a slag yard on each side of the dam. Dachong Slag Yard (on the left side of dam) is mainly reserved for the slag produced during the first phase of this project. It is about 1.5km away from the dam site. Changtangchong Slag Yard, Jipochong Slag Yard and Shangganli Slag Yard are located on the right side of the dam and reserved for slag and solids produced during the second phase of this project. They are far away from the dam site with their average distance being about 2.5 km. 2.2.3 Living Quarters and Work Shed Living quarters for the staff and the office building are proposed to the built on the left bank of Xiangjiang River. Worker's temporary shed and material warehouse shall be built on both banks of Xiangjiang River. According to the analogous analysis of Dayuandu Navigation Complex Project, the peak population on the site is about 4,000 during construction. 2.2.4 Auxiliary Work-Hengshan Kilo-tonnage dock Hengshan Kilo-tonnage dock shall be built as an auxiliary work of ZNCP. It will have only one berth, with its throughput being designed to be 0.18 million ton in 2005 and total investment being 1.692 million RMB. The newly-built Hengshan Kilo-tonnage dock will mainly handle general cargo transportation, especially nonmetal ores as well as cement, fertilizer, and cereals. 2.2.5 Dredging the Waterways from Zhuzhou to Xiangtan for Kiloton Ships Waterways from Zhuzhou to Xiangtan is 37 km in length, where there are 8 shoals. The waterways shall be dredged so that 1 Kilo-tonnage fleet of 4 ships can navigate from Chenglingji to Hengyang. -6 -  Environmental Assessment Summary Total investment is 1.458 million RMB. 2.2.6 Number of Staff and Workers 442 staff and workers shall be needed for this project, which includes 327 staff and workers for the power plant and 68 staff and workers for navigation lock. 3. Present Environmental Situation 3.1 Natural Environment 3.1.1 Geographic Location The Kongzhou Dam site is 24km upstream from Zhuzhou city, 6 km upstream from Zhuzhou county, 158km downstream from Hengyang city and 96km downstream from the Dayuandu Navigation and Power Complex. There are highways passing on both banks of the proposed dam. It connects with 107 National Highway, Jingzhu Expressway and 1815 provincial Highway. The Jingguang Trunk Railway runs on its right bank. 3.1.2 Engineering Geology The topography of dam-site is broad. The left bank is conglomerate hillock and the right bank is sedimentary terrace which can be divided into class 1, 11, and lIl. The bottom bedrock elevation of the terrace and ground water table are higher than the normal reservoir level (El. 40.15m), there are reliable abutment joints. There are shoals in the river. The overburden thickness of the silty sand and pebble of the shoals is 10-14m. The pebble overburden on both sides of riverbed is 2-3m in thickness. The underlying bedrock of right bank and riverbed consists of purplish red weakly weathered conglomerate and sandy conglomerate and the right bank consists of muddy silt-stone with conglomerate. The bearing capacity of rocks can fully meet the requirements of the proposed structures and it has weak permeability. The bedrock on left and right bank dips towards left and right bank with an angle of 5-20o and the rocks are intact with no serious fracture zones. Gravel bed in the riverbed and right terrace has good hydraulic permeability. Therefore, special permeation-proof measures shall be taken. The bed rock is exposed on its left bank. The side slope is stable. The right bank also exists outcrops near water body. 3.1.3. Meteorological Features Climate is mild within the reservoir area and four seasons are sharply contoured. It has sufficient heat. The annual average temperature is 16-18C and the extremely highest temperature is mostly over 38C and the extremely lowest temperature is below-6C. The rainfall is plentiful in this area with annual average plenty of 1423.3 mm. It rains mostly between April and June, which covers nearly -- 7 -  Environmental Assessment Summrwy 45% of total rainfall in a year. It becomes dry from July to September, during which the rainfall covers 18% of total rainfall in a year. There is little rainfall from Oct. to the next Mar. and the days with rains are 140-180 days. Most rainfall is distributed to mountain area and few to hill and plain area. The annual average relative humidity in the region is about 77%-85%. The area is affected by the north wind or northeast wind in the whole year due to the seasonal wind. The average wind speed is 1.7-2.7 m/s, however, south wind prevails in July and August. The prevail wind direction is NW in this area. 3.1.4 Hydrologic Feature of Xiangjiang River Trunk stream of the Xiangjiang River is 969 km in length. It runs through Hunan Province with a length of 670km. The length between Hengyang and Zhuzhou is 182 km, belonging to the upper part of lower reaches of the Xiangjiang River. The drop is 15m in dry season and the average gradient is 0.0824%. * Runoff Features Rainfall is the major replenishment for the river in the region, where the laws of the runoff is very similar to that of rainfall with widely changes and uneven distribution in a year. Every year, usually, the flood occurs from April to June and there is few rainfall from July to August and from October to the February of next year. As a result, two drought periods appear, namely, dry autumn and drought winter. * Floods Features Floods in the Xiangjiang River are caused by rainstorm. Usually, it is the flood period from April to September every year and the most serious floods appear between April and July, especially in May and June. According to the statistics between 1956 and 1998 collected by Hengshan Hydrologic Station, the most annual serious floods, which take place in May and June covers 66% of total amount. The duration of each flood usually lasts for 10 days and the flood patterns is fat with single peak in most cases. * Flow The annual average runoff at the dam site is 52.3 billion m3. The annual average flow rate is 1,680 m3/s, the maximum annual average flow rate 2,500m3/s and the minimum annual average flow rate 730 m3/s. The maximum flow measured at Hengshan Hydrologic Station (June 18,1994) was 20,200m3/s and the minimum flow rate was 58.2 m31s. * Hydrologic Features of Mishui River Mishui River is the first-grade branch of the Xiangjiang River, entering into the Xiangjiang River at the place 2.5km downstream from Dayuandu. Its drainage area is 9,500 km2 and its length is 230 km. It runs through Hengdong county, Youxian county, Anren county, Chaling county and Yanling county with an annual average runoff rate of 245 m3/s. --8-  Environmental Assessment Summary 3.2 Social Environment 3.2.1 Towns and Population Distributions Zhuzhou Navigation and Power Complex involves 182km-long Xiangjiang river section from Hengyang to Zhuzhou. The area includes such cities as Hengyang, Zhuzhou, Changsha and Xiangtan with an area of 43,560 m2, which covers 19 per cent of the area of Hunan Province. According to the statistics, population in above-mentioned area is 19.195 million, which covers 29.5 per cent of population in Hunan Province. The inundation area due to the Zhuzhou Navigation and Power Complex involves 14 towns and one company in Zhuzhou county, Hengdong county, Liling county, Hengshan county and Xiagntan county. The population in the region is 0.2965 million (according to the agricultural population in 1998). The population is mainly of agriculture. There are few rural resident quarter and urban population. The natural population growth rate is 2.45-5.74%o. The average population density is 324 person/km2. The total land area is 915.96 km3. 3.2.2 Social and Economic Situation The river section between Hengyang and Chenglingji is 439 km in length. It is rich in rainfall, flat in gradient and stable in riverbed. Therefore, there are excellent natural conditions for developing water transport. Regions along the river are beautiful and rich in resources and advanced in agriculture and industry. Changsha, Xiangtan, Zhuzhou and Hengyang are located in the central region of the Xiangjiang River between Hengyang and Zhuzhou. Regional gross domestic product (GDP) is 130.616 billion RMB, which constitutes 40.67 per cent of total GDP of Hunan Province. It is an important economic, culture and science and technology gallery in the province and is a center in political, economy and culture. Rural economy is flourishing in the reservoir area, including agriculture industry, and building construction and animal husbandry. Agricultural income constitutes 46 per cent of total income and nonagricultural income constitutes 54 per cent of total income. Crop cultivation prevails in the agricultural economy, which constitutes 62 per cent of total agricultural value of out-put. Animal husbandry income constitutes 26 per cent of total agricultural value of out-put. According to the statistics in 1998, average grain yield is 839 kg/peasant for 14 town within the reservoir area. Total area of farmland is 0.3687 million mu and average farmland area is 1.24 mu/peasant. Maximum average value is 1.38 mu/peasant and minimum average value is 1.04 mu/peasant. 3.2.3 Cultural Relics & Tourism Resources According to the investigations in site and the date collected, there are no cultural 9-  Environmental Assessment Summary relics and historical sites in the area of river Channel, which need protection. Konglingan is located at the upstream with 1km away from dam site. It is the tourism spot of Zhuzhou city with the annual travelling people about ten thousand. 3. 3 Water Environment 3.3.1 Water Quality According to the present situation of regional water pollution and main pollution sources, following parameters were monitored in the project area in 1999: permanganate index, BOD5, PH, SS, ammonia & nitrogen, DO, petroleum, total phosphorus, volatile phenol, S2- and heavy metals. The monitoring results show that all parameters but petroleum, total phosphorus and ammonia & nitrogen meet the relevant water quality standards. For petroleum, all sections except for S. (Zhuting) exceeds the standard. Total phosphorus surpasses the standard at each section monitored. Ammonia nitrogen exceeds the standard at S2 (Mishui River), S4 (Shiwan Town) and S.; As viewed from maximum value, pollution in Hengyang segment is more serious than that in Zhuzhou segment within the reservoir area. 3.3.2 Boftom Sludge The quality of bottom sludge was monitored for Total Cr, Pb, Cd, Cu and total Hg, together with water quality monitoring in December 1999. The monitoring results, assessed according to GB 4284 Pollutants Controlling Standard in Sludge, show all of elements meet the standards, except for Cd at the mouth of the Mishui River, which are 35% higher than standard. 3.4 Ecological Environment 3.4.1 Vegetation Distribution The reservoir area is typical subtropical hilly land. Elevation is about 80-200m. Acid red soil prevails. There is also partial purple soil. Forest in this area has been destroyed until recent years. There are no rare plants in the evaluated area. The main vegetation includes: abbor, economic trees, shrub plants. In addition, there are farmlands along the river where vegetable, all kinds of melon or gourd, rice, corn and bean etc are grown. 3.4.2 Terrestrial Animal in Reservoir Area Because reservoir area belongs to typical subtropical plot, there are very few big wild animals, of which, medium and small type animals are simple. No rare animals are found there. Main wild animals include wild rabbit, field mouse, frog, snake and bat etc. Domestic animals include wild rabbit, field mouse, frog, snake and bat etc. Domestic animals and birds include dog, pig, cattle, chicken, duck, rabbit and goose etc, where dog, cattle and pig constitute most percentage. -- 10 -  Environmental Assessment Summary 3.4.3 Aquatic Organisms There are many kinds of fish in Xiangjiang River. According to the statistics made by Hunan Water Product Research Institute, there are 149 kinds of fish, which can be divided into 11 orders, 26 families and 86 genera. Following lists the main fish in the trunk stream of Xiangjiang River, black carp, grass carp, silver carp, variegated carp, silver xenocypris, carp, crucian carp, loach, gudgeon and macular hemibarbus, within the assessed reservoir area, carp-family fish prevails, then serranid. According to the investigation by fishery department, fishing amount of black carp, grass carp, silver carp and variegated carp constitutes about 40 per cent of total fishing amount. 4. Impacts on Water Environment 4.1 Impacts on Water Environment during Construction Phase 4.1.1 Impact of Domestic Sewage This project is a large-scale project. During construction, the living quarters are located nearby the dam site. The population can reach about 4000 at peak-time during construction Phase. If average domestic sewage discharge is estimated to be 1 0OL/person/day, total domestic sewage discharge will be 400 t/d. According to the investigation on similar projects, after the sewage is treated by the settling tank and the septic tank, the content of each pollutant is lower than those in municipal sewage. Usually, COD concentration is about 50-100 mg/l and BOD5 concentration 30-60 mg/L. Domestic sewage at construction site after being centrally treated can meet the discharge standard. Domestic sewage has little impact on Xiangjiang River during construction Phase. 4.1.2 Impact of Production Sewage Settling tanks must be set up to treat the dreg dressing wastewater, Water can be reused after settlement. Dreg dressing wastewater is not discharged after treatment, thus it has little impact on the river. Concrete flushing and curing wastewater will also produce SS pollution. However the quantity of this kind of wastewater is very small, it has little impact on Xiangjiang River. 4.2 Impact on Hydrologic Situation during Operation Phase 4.2.1 Impact on Water Temperature When the reservoir reaches the normal impounded level, the total storage capacity will be 4.7X103 m3, and the average flow at the dam site is 1670m3 Is. That is to say, the water in the reservoir can be replaced every 3.3 days. The water depth at the dam site is 10m. It is of the typical low-dam run-off-river --11-  Environmental Assessment Summary regulating reservoir. Water temperature structure in the reservoir area of this project is of mixed type. Therefore, the natural water temperature state will not be affected by the dam construction. 4.2.2 Impact of Project on Hydrology The reservoir of ZNCP will be controlled together with Dayuandu Navigation Complex. During the flood period, when the reservoir inflow at Hengshan Station is less than or equal to the maximum outflow of Power Plant, level of reservoir will remain normal and power will be generated by natural water. When the inflow is higher than the maximum oufflow, gate shall be gradually opened to relieve the flood. When water head in Power Plant is less than 3m, shutdown shall be carried out. At this time, the navigation complex is fully used to relieve the flood. During the drought period, when the river segment in the downstream of the dam site is not deep enough for navigation, Dayuandu Navigation Complex will be controlled to compensate the navigable flow. Navigable flow for Zhuzhou and Xiangtan are 245 m3/s and 270 m3/s respectively. After Dayuandu and Zhuzhou navigation complexes are completed, the flow can be adjusted in the drought period. At that time, flow in the segment between Zhuzhou and Xiangtan can reach 342-366 m31s. From above, it shows that ZNCP has no impact on downstream hydrology. In special cases, water flow can be controlled by Dayuandu navigation complex. If gate is opened for flood relief, there is no impact on the hydrology and the safety of dam site. 4.3 Impact on Integral Water Quality in Reservoir Area during Operation Phase 4.3.1 Prediction of Impact on Overall Water Quality Future water quality (year 2015) in the reservoir was predicted through the complete-mixed model. As shown in Table 4-1, even in the worst case scenario (discharge without treatment in drought period), the water quality still meets the relevant standards except for Total Phosphorus. Table 4-1 Future Overall Water Quality in Reservoir Area in 2015 (Unit: mg/I) Normal Period Drought Penod Class II Item Discharge Discharge Discharge up stanrnen ZI up without to Standard Dscharge without GGZBI- to Standard Treatment Treatment 1999 Ammonia & Nitrogen 0.366 0.382 0.393 0.476 0.5 Volatile Phenol 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.002 Total Phosphorus 0.111 0.113 0.112 0.123 0.1 S2- 0.002 0.006 0.003 0.025 0.1 COD 2.00 2.05 2.21 2.50 4 SS 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.6 CN- 0.002 0.002 .02 0.002 0.05 -- 12 -  Environmental Assessment Summary 4.3.2 Prediction of Oil Pollution Impact in Reservoir Area Based on the present monitoring results, we understand that the oil content in the reservoir area during the drought period is 0.067mg/l, 34% higher than the standard (0.05mg/I). The oil pollution discharging source is very few at the reservoir area for the 96km of Xiangjiang trunk stream. The major oil pollution comes from the discharges from vessels and oil pollution brought about by Xiangjiang Upstream and its branch Mishui River. 1) Impact of Vessel Pollution Standard Discharge on Reservoir Area The background value of oil pollution of the water in reservoir area is 0.067mg/l during drought period in 1999. Xiangjiang River is a major river, 90% guarantee flow rate at the dam site during drought period is 320m3/s. Vessel pollution discharging activity is in a random manner. One-dimensional water quality model will be used in the prediction, the results of which is provided as below: In 2005, the external discharging oil pollution will be 12.18t/a, 3.65t/a higher than that of 1999. Including the background value, the oil pollution content will be 0.0674mg/l in the reservoir area. In 2015, the external discharging oil pollution will be 16.95t/a, 8.42t/a higher than that of 1999. Including the background value, the oil pollution content will be 0.0679mg/l in the reservoir area. 2) Impact of Vessel Pollution Discharge without Prior Treatment on Reservoir Area The impact of vessel pollution discharge without prior treatment on reservoir area is predicted as below: Including the background value, the oil pollution content will be 0.1204mg/l in 2005 and 0.1415mg/I in 2015. From the above, we understand that the vessel pollution discharge without prior treatment will cause certain impact on the water in the reservoir area. Therefore, the navigation administrations and the environmental protection units must reinforce control over vessels in order to ensure a standard discharge from all vessels. 4.4 Impact on Water Intake during Operation Phase 4.4.1 Impact on Drinking Water Intake in Hengshan County -- 13 -  Environmental Assessment Summary Organic pollution is the dominant in the assessed area of Xiangjiang River. According to the present water quality and main pollution sources, COD and total phosphorus are determined for prediction. A chemical company for pesticide is located in the upstream of drinking water intake of Hengshan County and is about 7 km away, which is the dominant pollution source in the assessed river segment. The supply of pesticide has exceeded demand in recent years, so this company will not expand. So it is predicted that sewage discharge in 2005 and 2015 will be the same as present condition. Taking average value of monitoring results of S3 section as background value-- 2.16 mg/l of COD and 0.131 mg/l of Total P, COD will not exceed the limit at water intake of Hengshan county in 2015, but total P will exceed in all conditions. Table 4-2 Predicted Water Quality at Hengshan Water Intake Unit: mg/f Item Discharge after treatment Discharae without treatment Normal Low-water Normal Period Low-water Standard Period Period Period COD 2.17 2.24 2.38 3.24 4 Total-P 0.131 0.138 f 0.136 0.151 0.1 4.4.2 Impact of Project Operation on Water Intake in Shiwan Town According to the investigation, domestic sewage is the biggest pollution source on water quality in Shiwan Town. Sewage outlet is located in the upstream of water intake and is about 1500 m away. Based on economic growth rate of 7%, future water quality in 2015 will meet the standards even in low water level period. 5. Ecological Impact 5.1 Impact on Vegetation 5.1 Impact on Vegetation during Construction Phase Dam construction, construction site arrangement, highway construction, substation construction, explosive magazine setup and stock ground construction etc. will occupy the land and destroy the vegetation. According to the site investigation, there are no precious or rare plants within the reservoir area. Vegetation to be affected includes pine, China fir, tea tree, shrub and weeds. According to the preliminary estimate, 124.3 mu of forestland will be occupied, which includes 5 mu of garden plot, 43.8mu of timber forest, 74.1 mu of economic forest and 1.4 mu of bamboo forest. Besides, 790 mandarin orange tress, 315 fruit trees, 90 economic trees, 2,782 timbers and 852 bamboo trees will be destroyed. After the project is completed, the vegetation destroyed by the construction of substation, dam and buildings can not be recovered, but the rest of the destroyed vegetation can be recovered. Besides, vegetation covering rate nearby dam site -- 14 -  Environmental Assessment Summary can be increased by strengthening plantation and planting turf so as to further reduce the soil erosion. Therefore, impact of construction on regional vegetation is temporary and recoverable. Building removal and reconstruction will occupy some forestland and shrub. Besides, partial vegetation will be destroyed. 99 mu of forest will be inundated by the reservoir. Since Inundated vegetation mainly includes rice, China fir, economic tree and shrub and there is no rare plant, impact of inundation on vegetation source is temporary. Vegetation covering rate can be increased by plantation and planting. 5.2 Impact on Aquatic Organism 5.2.1 Aquatic Life According to the monitoring data for the completed reservoirs in Hunan Province (such as Dongjiang), community structure of water life will change from river phase to lake phase after the dam retains water. In addition, algae composition and original productivity will change with aging of reservoir. Quantity of plankton and water plant will greatly increase. Furthermore, community structure of benthos will change. 5.2.2 Fish (1) Impact on Fish Quantity After the project is put into operation, water flow velocity will be lowered, especially in drought period. This is very beneficial to the sedimentation and accumulation of organic decay and nutrient inorganic salt, which created good external conditions for the growth and reproduction of water plants and planktonic algae. Quantity of economic fish will be increased in water body within reservoir area due to the increase of food organisms such as planktonic algae and protozoa etc. After the dam is constructed, a stable water space will be formed in the reservoir area (total length is 96km). Water surface area will be changed from 48 km2(before water storage )to 58.9 km2 (after water storage). Besides, volume of water body will be changed from 0.25 billion m3 to 0.4734 billion m3. Because the drought period of Xiangjiang River is long, water surface and water body will form a continuous and stable waters for about 8 months after water storage. This will be beneficial to the growth of water life and the natural reproduction of fish, especially to the net fish-farming. In a word after Zhuzhou Navigation Complex is completed, fishery output will greatly increase. This shows that this project is beneficial to the fishery. (2) Impact of Fish Population After the project is put into operation, fish population structure will change in the reservoir area. Quantity of fishes which like to live in running water will decrease -- 15 -  Environmental Assessment Summary and quantity of fishes which like to live in steady water will increase. At that time, crucian carp. carp and bream will be the dominant fish. Black carp, grass carp, carp and crucian carp are of migration floating fishes. Dam construction will change their living environment, which will be not beneficial to their growth and reproduction. Therefore artificial cultivation and net & box fish-farming methods will be used. At that time, quantity of above-mentioned four fishes will not decrease but increase greatly. (3) Impact on Fish Reproduction Water level difference between upstream and downstream of the dam is about 12m. Thus migration passageway will be separated, which is not beneficial to fish reproduction. For the river segment between Zhanghepu and Jiaohegou (total length is 75km),it is suitable for food fishes to spawn due to its geographic location and rive characteristics. A great number of food fishes will come to the above- mentioned river segment to spawn during April to June every year. Original fish source protection program for Dayuandu project is that a fish passageway (400m in length) will be constructed to settle the problem of fish migration. However, according to the suggestions of fishery experts, 9-stage channelization program should be taken for the long-term shipping development of Xiangjiang. Therefore if fishes want to go to upstream spawning place, they have to pass several stages, which will seriously consume their physical power and greatly reduce their reproductive capability. Above all, the ecology will change for the spawning place after channelization. Therefore the above-mentioned program has no practical impact. As viewed from long-term plan, artificial cultivation of fry and periodical fry introduction will be more effective to protect fish resource in Xiangjiang River and Dongting Lake. This program can solve the problem of fish resource protection and compensation. After having been approved by the world Bank, this program has been successfully executed in Dayuandu Navigation Complex in 1999, 80 million fries have been introduced into the river at two times till now. According to the fishery resource survey conducted by water product sectors, ever since the beginning till now, the four domestic fishery resources within the reservoir area have increased instead of declining, thus resulting in an increase in the fishing output. In order not to influence the fishery resource, kind, quantity and location of fry introduction can be adjusted according to actual situation. 5.3 Impact on Public Health 5.3.1 Analysis of Public Health in Construction Site Population density and mobility will be both high during construction of this project. As some services can not keep up with the development, infectious diseases may easily appear and spread, such as plague, malaria etc. Therefore sanitation management should be strengthened on the construction site. Specific persons should be appointed to be in charge of sanitation and anti-epidemic work. Drinking water must be sterilized. Health check should be periodically made for the --16-  Environmental Assessment Summary workers. If any infectious disease is found, the person must be isolated and cured immediately. Sanitation knowledge should be taught to the workers before construction. 5.3.2 Analysis of Public Health in Resettlement Area Residents resettlement is directly involved with population flow and goods flow. Following preventive measures should be taken during migrant arrangement so as to reduce the bad impact on health: * Health check must be made for the emigrants before emigration. If any infectious disease is found, the person must be given timely treatment. * Drinking water source must be carefully considered, and water quality checked by local environmental protection department. * A thorough hygienic work must be done in newly-built settlement, such as eradication of rat and mosquito. * Local public health department must check it out regularly after resettlement. 5.4 Impact on Soil Erosion According to site investigation, Classification Standard for Soil Erosion and Water and Soil Conservation Planning Report are used for assessment. Slopes of occupied farmland, resident quarter and land for communication are between 0C and 5