China - National Railway Project : environmental assessment (Vol. 1 of 3) : Environmental assessment : Baoji - Shaanxi Province

PROPOSED BAOJI-LANZHOU SECOND RAILWAY LINE. ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT S,UMMARY E454 Volume 1 SUBMITTED TO: THE WORLD BANK ;-->l 1818 H STREET WASHINGTON, USA ..~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~: FILE COPY SUBMITTED BY: THE CENTER OF ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND ENI,INEERING OF THE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH INSTITUTE RAILWAY DEPARTMENT OF THE MINISTRY OF RAILWAY BEIJING, CHINA AND AMEC EARTH & ENVIRONMENTAL LIMITED CALGARY, ALBERTA March, 2001 1/1}7 1 /4 S, CEO21 69   ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY FOR THE PROPOSED BAOJI-LANZHOU SECOND RAILWAY LINE Submitted to: The World Bank Washington, DC Submitted by: The Center of Environmental Evaluation and Engineering of the Research Academy of Railway Sciences of the Ministry of Railways Beijing, China and AMEC Earth & Environmental Limited Calgary, Alberta March 2001 CE021 69   The World Bank Environmental Assessment Summary for the Proposed Baoji-Lanzhou Second Railway Line March 2001 Compilation of Report Organized by: The Center of Environment Evaluation and Engineering of The Research Academy of Railway Sciences of The Ministry of Railways EIA License Grade A No. 1021 Compilation of Report with the Participation of: First Survey and Design Institute of The Ministry of Railways EIA License Grade A No. 3704 SA\SEC\Project\CE02169\R-Mar-HM.doc Page i  The World Bank Environmental Assessment Summary for the Proposed Baoji-Lanzhou Second Railway Line March 2001 Team Leader: Bai Xiaojun, Engineer EIA Certificate Number: Railway 0760 Li Jia Senior Engineer EIA Certificate Number: Gansu 02315 Team Members for the Sub-Projects: ;virbnrnonnt Factoar ;F 00 ,0 , *eilo!T , Ecology Xia Xianfang Engineer Gansu 02316 Wei Jianfang Engineer Gansu 02317 Noise Li Jia Senior Engineer Gansu 02315 Noise Li Yaozeng Associate Research Fellow BeijingOO62 Li Jia Senior Engineer Gansu 02315 Water Cheng Zehao Associate Research Fellow Railway 0766 Gas Cheng Yanfei Senior Engineer Gansu 02314 Electromagnetic Zhang Chen Associate Research Fellow Railway 0767 Solid Waste Material Du Pei Engineer Gansu 02318 Public Participation Bai Xiaopjun Engineer Railway 0760 Land Acquisition and Bai Xiaopjun Engineer Railway 0760 Resettlement Environmental Economic Zhang Fenzhan Associate Research Fellow Railway 0758 ternate scenario Song Yong Engineer Beijing 0024 Environmental Risk Zhang Fenzhan Associate Research Fellow Railway 0758 Assessment Measurement Li Jia Senior Engineer Gansu 02315 Environmental Economic.. Lai Wenhong Engineer Railway 0736 Benefit and cost analysis Environmental Management Lai Wenhong Engineer Railway 0736 and supervision Plan L S:\SEC\Project\CE02169\R-Mar-HM.doc Page ii  The World Bank Environmental Assessment Summary for the Proposed Baoji-Lanzhou Second Railway Line March 2001 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE 1.0 INTRODUCTION ....................1 1.1 Project Planning .............................................3 1.2 Environmental Assessment Responsibility .............................................3 1.3 Environmental Impact Assessment Process ...........................................3 1.3.1 Review of Terms of Reference .............................................3 1.3.2 Environmental Assessment Examination Process ..................................4 1.4 Environmental Protection Measures ...........................................6 1.4.1 World Bank Standards .............................................6 1.4.2 Environmental Protection Measures ............................................. 6 1.5 Regulatory Basis and Standards .............................................9 2.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ................... 14 2.1 Construction Schedule ............... 14 2.1.1 Railway Line, Rail Bed and Track .......................... 14 2.1.2 Bridges and Culverts .......................... 16 2.1.3 Tunnels .......................... 16 2.1.4 Borrow Pits and Spoil Disposal Sites .......................... 16 2.1.5 Water and Soil Conservation .......................... 23 2.2 Stations ................................. 23 2.2.1 Electrical and Communications ................................ 23 2.3 Construction Camps ................................ 24 2.4 Capacity of Passengers and Freight .. .............................. 24 2.5 Locomotive Stations, Maintenance Facilities ................................ 24 2.5.1 Operation and Maintenance ................................ 24 2.5.2 Rolling Stock Facility ................................ 24 2.6 Power Supply and Communications ................................ 24 2.7 Water and Sewage ................................ . 25 2.8 Garbage Disposal ................................ . 25 2.9 Roads ................................. 26 2.10 Socio-Economic Aspects ................................ 26 3.0 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ............................................ 27 3.1 Comparison Between Existing Railway Alternatives ............................ 27 S:.SEC\Project\CE021 69\R-Mar-HM.doc  The World Bank Environmental Assessment Summary for the Proposed Baoji-Lanzhou Second Railway Line March 2001 TABLE OF CONTENTS (con't) PAGE 3.2 Comparison of Railway and Highway .................................................. 27 3.3 Comparison of Alternative Routing Options along the Boalan Line .................... 27 4.0 ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ................................... 30 4.1 Methods ........................................... 30 4.1.1 Scope of Assessment ........................................... 30 4.2 Summary of Impacts ............................................ 41 4.2.1 Impacts Associated with the Construction Phase ................................ 41 4.2.2 Impacts Associated with the Operational Phase .................................. 42 4.2.3 Analysis of Impacts ........................................... 43 4.3 AIR QUALITY ........................................... 44 4.3.1 Construction ........................................... 44 4.3.2 Operation ........................................... 44 4.4 Noise ........................................... . 44 4.4.1 Construction ........................................... 44 4.4.2 Operation ........................................... 45 4.5 Vibration ........................................... . 51 4.5.1 Construction ........................................... 51 4.5.2 Operation ........................................... 51 4.6 Electromagnetic Levels ............................................ 52 4.7 Surface and Groundwater Resources ........................................... 52 4.7.1 Construction ........................................... 52 4.7.2 Operation ........................................... 54 4.8 Geology ........................................... . 55 4.8.1 Construction ........................................... 56 4.9 Topography, Geomorphology and Soil ...................................... 56 4.9.1 Construction ........................................... 56 4.9.2 Erosion Control Measures ........................................... 57 4.10 Vegetation ............................................ 58 4.10.1 Construction ........................................... 58 4.11 Wildlife and Fisheries ........................................... 58 4.12 Resource Use ........................................... 58 4.12.1 Land Expropriation ........................................... 58 4.12.2 Industry and Mining ........................................... 59 4.12.3 Power Supply ........................................... 59 4.12.4 Effects of Construction on Urban Transportation ................................. 60 5.0 HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL RESOURCES ................................... 61 S:\SEC\Project\CE02169\R-Mar-HM-doc Page ii  The World Bank Environmental Assessment Summary for the Proposed Baoji-Lanzhou Second Railway Line March 2001 TABLE OF CONTENTS (con't) PAGE 6.0 SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT .................................................. 62 6.1 Effects of Closing Railway Stations .................................................... 62 6.2 Construction .................................................... 62 6.2.1 Positive Impacts .................................................... 62 6.2.2 Negative Impacts .................................................... 63 6.3 Operation .................................................... 63 6.3.1 Land Requisition, Removal and Resettlement ..................................... 63 7.0 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION ................................................. 65 7.1 Results of Surveys ................................................. 65 7.2 Comments and Recommendations Fom the Public ........................................... 66 8.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND CONTROL PROGRAM .. 68 8.1 Construction ................................................. 68 8.2 Operation ................................................. 69 8.2.1 Monitoring of Resettlement ................................................. 70 8.2.2 Monitoring of Secondary Environmental Impacts ................................. 70 9.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND TRAINING ................................ 72 9.1 Management ................................................. 72 9.2 Environmental Management Training Plan ................................................. 72 10.0 ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT .......................................... 73 10.1 Design Stage ............................................ 73 10.2 Construction Stage ............................................ 73 10.3 Operation Stage ............................................ 74 LIST OF TABLES Table 1.5-1 Standards for Environmental Impact Assessment ........................................ 10 Table 1.5-2 Noise Limited Values at Construction Sites* ............................................ 13 Table 2.0-1 Technical Data of the Proposed Baolan Rail Line ........................................ 15 Table 4.1-1 Summary of Environmental Assessment and Mitigation ............................... 32 Table 4.7-1 Quantities of Wastewater and Major Pollutants Discharge Before and After Operation of the Proposed New Line (1 x 104Vta) ................................. 55 Table 7.2-1 Summary of Public Consultation Meetings for the Baolan Railway ............... 67 S:\SEC\Project\CE02169\R-Mar-HM.doc Page iii  The World Bank Environmental Assessment Summary for the Proposed Baoji-Lanzhou Second Railway Line March 2001 TABLE OF CONTENTS (con't) PAGE LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1-1 Existing and Proposed Baolan Second Rail Line ............................................2 Figure 1.3-1 The Process of EIA Preparation and Pre-Examination ...................................5 Figure 1.3-2 Management Process of the Final Examination of the EIA .............................6 Figure 1.4-1 Process of the Implementation and Examination of Environment Protection Measures .....................................7 Figure 1.4-2 Environmental Impact of Operation Period ......................................8 Figure 2.4.1 Index Map ..................................... 17 Figure 2.4.1-1 Location of Major Borrow and Spoil Disposal Sites ..................................... 18 Figure 2.4.1-2 Location of Major Borrow and Spoil Disposal Sites ..................................... 19 Figure 2.4.1-3 Location of Major Borrow and Spoil Disposal Sites ..................................... 20 Figure 2.4.1-4 Location of Major Borrow and Spoil Disposal Sites ..................................... 21 Figure 2.4.1-5 Location of Major Borrow and Spoil Disposal Sites ..................................... 22 Figure 3.1-1 Comparison of the Preferred Baolan Line and the Bao-Zhong-Lan Option .28 Figure 4.4.2-1 Noise Monitoring Locations and Mitigative Measures at Sensitive Sites - Map 1 .46 Figure 4.4.2-2 Noise Monitoring Locations and Mitigative Measures at Sensitive Sites - Map 2 .47 Figure 4.4.2-3 Noise Monitoring Locations and Mitigative Measures at Sensitive Sites - Map 3 .48 Figure 4.4.2-4 Noise Monitoring Locations and Mitigative Measures at Sensitive Sites- Map 4 .49 Figure 4.4.2-5 Noise Monitoring Locations and Mitigative Measures at Sensitive Sites - Map 5 ........................................ 50 Figure 4.7-1 Main River Systems Along the Baolan Line ........................................ 53 Figure 8.1-1 Framework for Environmental Monitoring and Control .................................. 69 Figure 8.2-1 Framework for Environmental Monitoring System during the Operation of the Proposed Project .70 LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix A Project Documents S:\SEC\Project\CE021 69\R-Mar-HM.doc Page iv  The World Bank Environmental Assessment Summary for the Proposed Baoji-Lanzhou Second Railway Line March 2001 TABLE OF CONTENTS (con't) PAGE LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AMEC AMEC Earth & Environmental Limited Baolan Baoji-Lanzhou Baozhonglan Baoji-Zhongwei-Lanzhou BOD Biological oxygen demand COD Chemical oxygen demand DPB Development and Planning Bureau EA Environmental assessment EAP Environmental Action Plan EIA Environmental impact assessment EPB Environmental protection bureau FSDI First Survey and Design Institute GAEI Gansu Provincial Archaeological Exploitation Institute GABCR Gansu Provincial Administration Bureau of Cultural Relics GB Refers to national standard of China MOR Ministry of Railways PIU Project implementation unit RARS Research Academy of Railway Sciences RMB Renminbi yuan currency SABCR Shaanxi Provincial Administration Bureau of Cultural Relics SAEI Shaanxi Provincial Archaeological Exploitation Institute SBR SEPA State Environmental Protection Administration SDPC State Development and Planning Committee SNR Signal to noise ratio 5S Suspended Solid TOR Terms of Reference TSP Total suspended particulate WB World Bank S:\SEC\Project\CE02169\R-Mar-HM.doc Page v   The World Bank Environmental Assessment Summary for the Proposed Baoji-Lanzhou Second Railway Line March 2001 1.0 INTRODUCTION The proposed Baoji-Lanzhou (Baolan) section of the Lianyungang-Lanzhou railway connects Baoji with Lanzhou City. The new Baolan railway line will follow the Weihe River valley using much the same route as the existing Baolan railway line, passing through Baoji county of Shaanxi Province, at the west end of this line; Beidao district of Tianshui city, Gangu county, Wushan county, Longxi county, Dingxi county, and Yuzhong county of Gansu province ending in Lanzhou City (Figure 1.1-1). This line will be under the jurisdiction of the western Lianyungang-Lanzhou Railway. The examining committee for the Feasibility Research Report for Extending the Capacity of the East Channel of the Northwest Region approved the project in December 1998. The First Survey and Design Institute (FSDI) of the Railway Ministry finished the Feasibility Report for the proposed Second Line of the Baolan Section in April 1999. The first draft was submitted to the Railway Ministry (MOR) for approval, which was then forwarded to the Foreign Fund Office and the World Bank in May 1999. The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) was deemed to be a Category A project under World Bank guidelines. Also in May 1999 the Railway Bureau of Lanzhou and Zhenzhou authorized The FSDI to prepare the required reports. In September 1999 the MOR and the World Bank requested that the Scientific Research Institute of the Ministry undertake the role of chief editor and The FSDI to serve as the editorial assistants for the completion of all necessary environmental reports. The outline plan for the EIA has met the standards for the General Bureau of the National Environmental Protection Agency (Administration Department, Huan Jian Fa letter of 1999). The proposal to construct the Baolan Railway Line was submitted on December 28, 1998 (No. 372 Document, 1998) by The Development and Planning Bureau MOR to the National Development and Planning Committee. The project was approved in October 1999. The planning of the survey and design for the railway project was the responsibility of the No. 3 Design Institute (Appendix A). On September 29, 1999, "The examination conclusion for preliminary design of the Baolan project was completed by the Center of Project Designing and Certification Bureau of The Ministry of Railways. In December 1999, "The Feasibility study for a loan from the World Bank for the Baoji-Lanzhou Section of Lianyungang-Lanzhou Railway" was completed. S:\SEC\Project\CE02169\R-Mar-HM.doc Page 1   e N yu
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OEA Summary CE02169 Rivers Figure prepared C.ntwr Line (1000 foot interval) Existing and Proposed Baolan by AMEC Kilometers (D cities / Toms Second Rail Line   The World Bank Environmental Assessment Summary for the Proposed Baoji-Lanzhou Second Railway Line March 2001 On January 7, 2000 the Development and Planning Bureau (DPB) of the MOR issued the Circular of transfer - The State Development and Planning Committee's (SDPC) Reply on Applying for Instruction on the Feasibility Report on Baolan Second Railway I'Tine of Lianyungang-Lanzhou Railway, including the following: * Modification of the Technology Design for Baolan Second Railway Line (Gangu-Lanzhou) of Lianyungang-Lanzhou Railway, April 2000. * The Feasibility Study of Baolan Second Railway Line of Lianyungang-Lanzhou Railway Using the World Bank Loan, August 2000. * Modification of the Technology Design for Baolan Second Railway Line (Baoji-Gangu) of Lianyungang-Lanzhou Railway, September 2000. 1.1 Project Planning This project was approved in the Survey and Design Yearly Plan in 1999. The MOR is responsible for the organization and completion of the project. The FSDI responsible for the feasibility study, survey and design. The Lanzhou and Zhengzhou Railway Bureaus will be responsible for construction. The preliminary design was completed in June 1999 and the technical design in November 1999. The examination of the technical design was done by the Engineering Appraisal Center of the MOR. A project schedule "Fast-Track" report was submitted for approval in February 2000. The modification of the technical design was completed in April 2000 for Gangu-Lanzhou section and in September 2000 for Baoji-Gangu section. The Project Implementation Units (PlUs) are from the Zhengzhou and Lanzhou Railway Bureaus. 1.2 Environmental Assessment Responsibility The Lanzhou and Zhengzhou Railway Bureaus instructed the Research Academy of Railway Sciences (RARS) to prepare the EIA for this project. RARS has a level "A" qualification for EIA preparation and is relatively independent from the Bureaus. The First Survey and Design Institute (FSDI) of the Ministry of Environment (MOR) will cooperate with RARS to complete this project. 1.3 Environmental Impact Assessment Process 1.3.1 Review of Terms of Reference The first draft of the EIA was completed by the No. 1 Survey and Design Institute of MOR and submitted to the Environmental Monitoring Department of the National Environmental Protection Bureau (NEPB) and the World Bank by Foreign Funds of MOR on June 26,1999. The TOR were reviewed by the NEPB in Beijing on August 13, 1999, and based on their recommendations the EIA Outline was amended and resubmitted in September 1999 along with a letter of approval. SASEC\Project\CE021 69\R-Mar-HM.doc Page 3  The World Bank Environmental Assessment Summary for the Proposed Baoji-Lanzhou Second Railway Line March 2001 According to the requirement of the World Bank Operations Manual (OP 4.01) for "A" category EIA projects, the loaner should engage independent EIA experts that are not associated with the project. On this issue, the World Bank advised MOR that an independent institution must conduct the environment assessment. The Environment Office of MOR decided that RARS is independent and was given the responsibility for the environment impact assessment. For convenience, the FSDI of MOR with the qualification category "A" for EIA preparation was invited to design environment prevention measures. RARS, as the chief unit of environment impact assessment, developed the TOR for the environment impact assessment to meet the requirements of the World Bank, completed on August 15,1999. 1.3.2 Environmental Assessment Examination Process The draft of the domestic version of the EIA was completed in January 2000. At the same time, the EIA units of RARS together with AMEC (formerly AGRA - a consultant company invited by MOR) completed a draft of the EIA, Environmental Action Plan (EAP) and Environmental Assessment (EA) for submission to the World Bank. This EIA incorporated review comments of the EIA TOR, pre-examination comments of the original domestic EIA, comments from the environmental experts and officials of the World Bank (No.49 dated May 29, 2000), comments of Li Dahing (dated September 25, 2000), and the technology design document for railway "fast- track". The final draft of the EIA was completed in March 2001 and incorporated additional information in response to World Bank review comments. The process is outlined in Figure 1.3-1. After passing the preliminary examination of MOR, the EIA is submitted to the Environmental Supervision and Management Department of SEPA, and with their approval, the report is submitted to the World Bank (Figure 1.3-2). S:\SEC\Project\CE021 69\R-Mar-HM.doc Page 4  The World Bank Environmental Assessment Summary for the Proposed Baoji-Lanzhou Second Railway Line March 2001 Figure 1.3-1 The Process of EIA Preparation and Pre-Examination Survey and Survey and Survey of socio- Survey of public Views- of WB monitoring of monitoring of economic opinion environmental environmental Pollutinq sources environment officers and experts Engineering design technical documents Engineering analysis and current environmental status evaluation Environmentaln waG truction agencies of l 1 Environmental impact projection in construction and operation Shaanxi and Gansu _ Zhengzhou and Lanzhou Affected public and units Environmental options and Railway Bureaus countermeasures l ~~~~~~~FSDI of MOR Sanitation and municipal agencies in Baoji, v Tianshui, Dingxi, Lanzhou Preparing EIA World Bank MOR Zhengzhou and Lanzhou SEPA, Gansu and Shaanxi EPBs, F Railway Bureaus city EPBs Etl e r tMOR organizing pre-review of EIA RARS FSDI Expert team comments Revision and submission for approval EIA Passing pre-examination S:\SEC\Project\CE02169\R-Mar-HM.doc Page 5  The World Bank Environmental Assessment Summary for the Proposed Baoji-Lanzhou Second Railway Line March 2001 Figure 1.3-2 Management Process of the Final Examination of the EIA 3 EPB of Shaanxi| EPBDofofaMsR -r7 2 1 12 4 World Bank Zhengzhou & Lanzhou RARS & FSDI of FSDI of MOR ] World Bank i | Railway Bureaus MOR(Assessment units) (Design unit) Notes: 1. Submit preliminary examination. 2. Reply letter for final examination. 3. Submit views of the EIA. 4. Reply letter for final examination 1.4 Environmental Protection Measures 1.4.1 World Bank Standards The World Bank requires an independent environmental assessment to meet category "A" standards. The Lanzhou Railway Bureau, the Zhenzhou Railway Bureau and RARS conducted this assessment. RARS has experience with environmental projects and World Bank standards. The work was jointly undertaken with the FSDI of MOR. AMEC (formerly AGRA Earth& Environmental Limited) reviewed the draft EIA to ensure that the World Bank reporting standards were met and prepared the final draft of the EIA with the assistance of FSDI. The World Bank standards applied in the preparation of this EIA include the Normal Manual of Word Bank - Environmental Assessment (OP/BP/GP 4.01, 1999) plus Annex A and Habitat Assessment (OPIBP/GP 4.04, 1999) plus Annex A. 1.4.2 Environmental Protection Measures The EIA lists the environmental protection measures as designed by the environment assessment and engineering units. During construction of the Baolan line, supervision provided by the EIA units will be implemented to ensure compliance with all environmental standards as shown in Figure 1.4-1. The PlUs responsible for supervision of construction are the Xi'an Engineering Construction Headquarters of Zhengzhou Railway Bureau (responsible for Baoji to Tianshui) and the Construction Headquarters of the Lanzhou Railway Bureau (responsible for Tianshui to Lanzhou). The construction contractors and supervision units will be decided by open tendering. The Local environmental protection agencies are the environment protection bureaus (EPBs) at Shaanxi Province, Gansu Province, Baoji City, Tianshui City, Dingxi District, and Lanzhou City. The environmental impacts during the operation period are summarized in Figure 1.4-2. S:\SEC\Project\CE02169\R-Mar-HM.doc Page 6  The World Bank Environmental Assessment Summary for the Proposed Baoji-Lanzhou Second Railway Line March 2001 Figure 1.4-1 Process of the Implementation and Examination of Environment Protecti n Measures Environ protection Te ern r f |Key environmental protection projects listed for open bidding, investment| constructors availability, Construction quality and progress through engineering| 0) Constructors, Environmental protection measures to reduce ecological damage and 0 PlUs environmental pollution during construction Environmental protection agencies supervise: In constructing Environmental protection facilities involved in construction plan, the process investment funds available, construction complying with related requlations, construction sites favorable to ecoloqical protection PlUs together with constructors, supervision and design units: check Construction environment protection facilities and report to city, provincial, state and MOR environment protection departments 0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |PlUs submit to SEPA, and Planning Department of MOR:l situations of environmental protection facilitiesl |Examination team (led by SEPA and joined by EPBs and MORl environmental divisions, and construction, supervision, design units| ' Preliminary review | on whole project 'Three simultaneousness" examinalon | Test operation Environmental monitoring stations: a monitor the impacts of the project and submit a monitoring E C PlUs submit to SEPA: Report for Applying for Approval of Environmental Protection Facilities of the Proiect Environmental examination team: led by SEPA and pined by MOR, Railway Attend Bureaus, local environment protection departments, PlUs, constructors, l ,supervision units, design and environment assessment units l~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |rovApproval of environmental protectioth finished project l l | ~~~~~~~~~~Approval by SEPAl Put into operation S:\SEC\Project\CE02169\R-Mar-HM.doc Page 7  The World Bank Environmental Assessment Summary for the Proposed Baoji-Lanzhou Second Railway Line March 2001 Figure 1.4-2 Environmental Impact of Operation Period ..oi I =Locomotve operation & maintenance Environmental impact * Noise & vibration *Electromagnetic , | | Rolling stock facility radiation ,c)' . Wastewater :3 l. Exhaust gas >1 , . Solid Waste .- Passenger O transoortation N 0 i ~ I N qO ' ~~~~~~~Freight transportation| co J , l ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Socio- CD economic X ' Stations impact * Population .Employment & Income Tianshu | . Resources Water & power supply Exploitation cU 3 l ~~~~~~~House building co 0 N co 0 o .Communication & '3, O Secondary * Pollution of power impact plants Track repair & _ * Population N I maintenance distribution in the X ' i i ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~areas of stations to r r r ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~be closed |Lanzho |________ Environmental protection