Philippines - Manila Second Sewerage Project : environmental impact assessment (Vol. 5 of 27) : Initial Environmental Examination of Project no. 3 : Makati BLISS, Makati City

Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System Manila Water Company, Inc. E94 Volume 5 Initial Environmental Examination of the Community Sanitation Project Manila Second Sewerage Project IBRD 4019 Project No. 3 Makati Bagong Lipunan Sites and Services (BLISS) Makati City, Philippines Prepared by: Manila Water Company, Inc. 489 Katipunan Rd, Balara, Quezon City December 2001 FIgE C rDPY  TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE NO. Executive Sumimary 7 1.OPROJECT DESCRIPTION 12 1.1 BASIC PROJECT INFORMATION 12 1.2 PROJECT LOCATION 12 1.3PROJECT RATIONALE 13 1.4DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT PHASES 16 1.4.1 Pre-Operational/Construction Phase 16 1.4.1.1 Construction Plan 16 1.4.1.2 Total Surface Development Block 16 1.4.1.3 Estimate Total Area to be opened for Civil Works 16 1.4.1.4 Major Openings and Construction Activities 16 1.4.1.5 Types of Equipment to be Used 19 1.4.1.6 Source of Construction Materials and Facilities 19 1.4.1.7 Support Services and Facilities Requirements and Availability 20 1.4.1.8 Estimate of Total Cut Soil Volume 20 1.4.1.9 Total Manpower Requirement 20 1.4.2 Operational Phase 21 1.4.2.1 Project Operation Schedule and Duration 21 1.4.2.2 Process Technology and Activities 21 1.4.2.3 Waste Production Scheme 22 1.4.2.4 Manpower Requirement 24 1.4.3 Abandonment Phase 24 2.0 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS 25 2.1 STUDY METHODOLOGY 25 2.2 LAND 25 2.2.1 Land Resource Utilization 25 2  2.2.2 Physiography and Geology 25 2.2.3 Vegetation and Wildlife 25 2.2.4 Land Acquisition Assessment 27 2.3WATER 27 2.3.1 Inventory of Water Bodies 27 2.3.2 Water Quality (Surface/Ground) 27 2.4AIR 28 2.5 PEOPLE 28 2.5.1 Population/Beneficiary 28 2.5.2 Project Affected Persons 28 3.0 PROJECT ALTERNATIVES 28 4.0 IMPACT ASSESSMENT 29 4.1 IMPACT IDENTIFICATION 29 4.1.1 Impacts During Construction Phase 30 4.1.2 Impact During Operation Phase 31 4.2 IMPACT PREDICTION AND EVALUATION 33 4.3 UNAVOIDABLE AND RESIDUAL IMPACTS 35 5.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 35 5.1 IMPACTS MITIGATION / ENHANCEMENT PLAN 35 5.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING ACTION PLAN 40 6.0 COMMUNITY CONSULTATION PROCESS' 41 3  LIST OF FIGURES S j Si 1 i 511ilk 1 Location Map of Makati BLISS 13 - 2 Existing Sewer Network Layout 15 3 Proposed Implementation Schedule 17 Proposed Sewer Collection Layout and STP 18 Location 5 General Treatment Process Scheme 23 6 Photographs of STP site 26 4  LIST OF TABLES 1 j Analysis of Septic Tank Effluent Quality from 14 I Makati BLISS 2 1 Estimates of Soil Excavation Volumes 20 3 ! Influent Flow Characteristics 21 4 | DENR Effluent Parameters for Class C Waters 22 5 List of Plant Species to be Uprooted 25 6 Sources and List of Potential Environmental 29 Impacts 7 Typical Noise Emissions of Construction 31 I Equipment at Various Distances from Source in ! dB(A) 8 Sludge Production of Various Wastewater 32 I Treatment Processes 9 Summary of Assessment of Environmental Issues 34 ! / Impacts 10 Environmental Management Plan 35 11 i Environmental Monitoring Action Plan 40 12 1 Institutional Monitoring 41 5  LIST OF ANNEXES 1 Manila Water Company STARRT Card for Monitoring Construction Works 2 Wastewater Quality Monitoring Schedule 3 Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC) NCR-2000-10- 04-0221-120 4 Manila Water PCO Report Format 5 Sample Monitoring Sheet for Effluent Quality 6 Endorsement from the Mayor of Makati City 7 Endorsement from the Barangay Captain 8 Endorsement from the Home Guaranty Corporation (HGC) 9 Letters of Agreement by individual unit dwellers 10 Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) among HGC, MWCI and the individual Associations in Makati BLISS 6  EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The proposed project for Makati BLISS is one of twenty three (23) sub-projects of the Community Sanitation Project Phase l, which is a component of the World Bank-assisted Manila Second Sewerage Project (MSSP). The project is intended to reduce the current wastewater pollution discharged to the Pasig River by the one hundred fifty-four (154) residential units and ground floor commercial establishments within the Makati BLISS compound. The project involves the improvement and rehabilitation, of the. sewerage system in the compound. Specifically, the project includes the construction of sewer lines to intercept sewage flows from existing communal septic tanks. An underground centralized sewage treatment plant (STP) will be constructed to treat the wastewater flows. Approvals for the project were obtained through a community consultation process. Endorsement letters from the Mayor of Makati and the Home Guaranty Corporation (HGC) were obtained to facilitate the process. A Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) among HGC, Manila Water Company and the individual Homeowners' Associations in Makati BLISS is currently being processed. In conformity with the requirements of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), an Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC) NCR-2000-10-04-0221-120 issued pursuant to P.D. 1586 was secured for the project. I. BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS Makati BLISS is a housing project implemented by the local government and the former Ministry of Human Settlernents in 1981 to provide homes for the less fortunate in the area whose houses were burned down. The housing project is located between Vito Cruz Extension in the south and Davila Street in the north, near Pasong Tamo in the west. Surrounding the area are commercial establishments. The Makati BLISS compound has a total land ar-ea of 4,631 m2, 36% of which are residential areas and the rest are parking spaces, playgrounds and common areas. Floral population within the compound constitutes ornamental plants planted by the residents and a few trees preserved during the site development. Faunal population is limited to household pets and stray animals. The area is characterized by a relatively even distribution of precipitation during the year. Like in most parts of Metro Manila, the community has two distinct seasons: the dry season during the months of November to May and the wet season during the months of June to October. 7  Existing Sewerage System The Makati BLISS has existing sewer lines which collect wastewater from the buildings to undergo preliminary treatment in two (2) large septic ta.nks. Effluent from the septic tanks flows to the public storm drainage lines in Davila St. and is. eventually discharged to Pasig River. At present, Pasig River does not meet the Class C standards (i.e., suitable for propagation and growth of fishes, recreational uses and industrial water supply) especially during the summer months when there are no sufficient inflows. At these times, the BOD in Pasig River reaches 120 mg/L, which is 12 times higher than the permitted level for Class C water; DO drops to zero; and total coliforms exceed the MPN/100 ml standard by up to several thousand degrees. The sewerage system of Makati BLISS serving a population of 1,078 has not been maintained. Sewer manholes have been permanently covered and most of the sewer lines are clogged. The communal septic tanks are filled with accumulated scum and sludge resulting in the clogging of the storm drainage lines. As a result, the units located in the ground level frequently experience sewage backflows in their toilets. Most of these unit owners created bypass lines to connect to the nearest drainage line and are discharging raw wastewater to the drainage. II. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATING MEASURES Potential Environmental Mitigating Measures Impact CONSTRUCTION PHASE 1. Poor quality of . Manila Water Company will monitor the supply and installation construction contract to assure quality of equipment and construction. Site Managers and Engineers with experience in construction management shall approve all materials and equipment to be used and installed at the site. . The contractor will be required to post a performance bond for the Design and Construction Contract of the sewerage system.  2. Air pollution * Efficient construction planning and work scheduling (suspended particulates, | Formulation of appropriate work plans, work scheduling, work odor and fumes, vehicle I specifications and work methodologies emissions eg. C02, CO . Provision of properly maintained storage area for keeping stocks of NOJ) construction materials and equipment P Prompt and fast removal of excavated materials or dredges spoils from construction site . Sprinkling of water on dust-generating mounds resulting from earthmoving activities and civil works. . Control of motor vehicle emissions * Dust accumulation will also be prevented through proper washing of the vehicles prior to its departure from the site * Development and enforcement of strict health and safety pollution control regulations specific for the project site - Good housekeeping of workplace and construction affected areas Use of Protective Gear by all workers 3. Water pollution due to I . Provide temporary drain systems and storage facilities for wastewater, oil excavation soils, fuel and oils needed for equipment leakage/spills * Cautious and sensible planning for construction and post- construction phases of the project . Provision of a routine chemical and oil spill clean-up plan . Formulation of a monitoring program . Quality of civil work on the STP facility shall be enforced during construction to avoid seepage 4. Noise pollution from . Establish temporary sound barriers around the work site operation of construction . Proper scheduling and phasing of high-noise activities equipment . Use of appropriate mufflers and sound proofing for construction machinery, equipment and engines | . Use of Personnel Protective Equipment by all workers 5. Temporary disruption of . Public information campaign posting schedule of construction traffic flow within the . Provision of a liaison officer from the residents of the compound to compound assist the information dissemination regarding inevitable changes in schedule of vehicular operations . Provision of temporary alternative routes, including visible traffic warning signals . To the extent possible, sewer lines, manholes and lift station will be constructed in common areas not used for pedestrian or vehicular traffic * Scheduling of delivery materials and removal of excavated material during non-rush hour periods. OPERATIONAL PHASE 1.Environmental hazards * Carefully designed post-construction maintenance, contingency due to accidents, man- and monitoring programs made natural disasters . Well designed plan for detection of accident or natural events eg. accidental spills, fire, including precautionary and remedial measures to be observed seismic activity, . Provision of preventive and remedial procedural manuals at earthquakes, heavy workplace rain/flooding and design . Adequate plans for environmental rehabilitation and restoration of failure site and removal of temporary structures and facilities installed during construction phase 9  2. Water Pollution (effluent . Wastewater discharged by the STP shall conform with the Effluent discharge) Standards set forth in DENR Administrative Order 34 and 35 for Class C waters . Regular monitoring of wastewater effluent by the Manila Water Company Central Laboratory * Regular check on sewer lines to prevent discharge/seepage of untreated wastewater to the environment * Quality of civil work on the STP facility shall be enforced during construction to avoid seepage 3. Noise Pollution (STP * Use of appropriate mounting for machinery to minimize vibration equipment, lift station) * All mechanical/electrical equipment shall be installed inside enclosures * If appropriate, motors shall be provided with soundproofing devices . Maintertance of greenbelt zones and vegetation with appropriate tree species 4. Solid Waste . Solid waste generated within the STP facility will be minimal but (generated within the facility provision will be made for garbage collection and by the facility) . Disposal of sludge generated will be in accordance with established procedures of relevant authorities (disposal of sludge for use as soil conditioner) 5. Odors (organic and sulfur * Maintenance of greenbelt zones and vegetation with appropriate compounds coming from tree species raw wastewater and during . Provision of landscape which will improve the aesthetic of the area desludging of septic tanks) by planting green strips using appropriate plant or tree species * Provision of odor control mechanisms (deodorizer/adsorbent/masking agent) to prevent malodorous emissions) 6, Maintenance and . Regular asset condition monitoring by Manila Water Company Operation of the System personnel . Poor maintenance of . Regular maintenance works for STP equipment (pumps and mechanical equkpment motors), sewer network and septic tanks (pumps and motors) . Adequate training of STP operators * Connections * A liaison officer from the Community will assist the STP operator in assuring the facility's efficiency in operation * Provision of adequate maintenance equipment and spares for the sewerage system facility 10  111. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN Environmental monitoring will be the responsibility of Manila Water Company. Construction. Phase Compliance with Manila . At STP site and its * On-the-spot daily inspection Water Company health and perimeter and monitoring will be safety policies (dust . Pipe laying area implemented by the Health emissions, good * Equipment and materials and Safety Dept. and/or Site housekeeping, noise, odors) storage area Manager of Manila Water Company using the STARRT Card (Annex 1) Traffic . Ingress and egress to * Daily the construction site Operational Phase Effluent Water Quality . Influent . Annex 2 describes in detail for parameters like pH, 5-day . Effluent/Discharge Point the schedule of wastewater BOD, COD, Total coliVorm, quality monitoring. suspended solids, and oil and grease. Odor . STP site and perimeter * Daily Sludge . At STP site * Weekly accumulation/Clogging . Sewer network . Communal septic tanks  1.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 1.1 Basic Project Information Name of Project : MAKATI BLISS MAKATI COMMUNITY SANITATION PROJECT MANILA SECOND SEWERAGE PROJECT Address : Makati BLISS, Davila St., Barangay Sta. Cruz, Makati City, Philippines Contact Persons : Leonor C. Cleofas Manager, Engineering and Project Management Office Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System Ground Floor, Engineering Building, MWSS Complex, Katipunan Road, Balara, Quezon City 1105 Tel No. (632) 920-5413; (632) 920-5521 to 40 locals 3570/3569 Telefax: (632) 922-2568 Ma. Fiorella De Los Reyes-Fabella Wastewater Project Development Manager Manila Water Company, Inc. 489 Katipunan Road, 1105 Balara, Quezon City, Philippines Tel No. (632)981-8147; (632)926-7999 loc2032 Fax (632) 981-8106 1.2 PROJECT LOCATION The proposed project for Makati BLISS is a sub-project of the Community Sanitation Project which is a component of the World Bank-assisted Manila Second Sewerage Project. The service area is the entire Makati BLISS. The project site is in Davila St., Makati City which is easily accessible from either the Vito Cruz Extension or the Pasong Tamo Avenue. Figure 1 presents the vicinity map of the project. 12  Figure 1 Location Map of Makati BLISS 13  1.3 PROJECT RATIONALE In Metro Manila, untreated/partially treated domestic wastewater is the major source of pollution of inland waters. Most residential houses in Metro Manila treat their wastewater by means of septic tanks, which do not provide adequate treatment to satisfy the DENR requirements for wastewater effluent standards. Moreover, majority of septic tanks in Metro Manila is not properly maintained. This situation has led to the deterioration of the inland waters and especially Pasig River. The DENR has estimated that around 60% of the pollution load to Pasig River come from domestic discharges. There is therefore an urgent need to establish collection and treatment methods that will help reduce the pollution load to inland waters. The provision of an efficient and cost-effective sewage collection, treatment and disposal is the primary objective of the Community Sanitation Project under the MSSP. This project specifically aims to address the problems of inadequate wastewater treatment and disposal in Makati BLISS as shown by the analysis of the effluent of one of the septic tanks in the area (see Table 1 below). The project will help reduce public health risks and environmental pollution from untreated/partially treated domestic wastewater by providing a sustainable sanitation and sewerage facility. It will also serve as a good illustration of proper sanitation especially to the neighboring communities near Pasig River. Figure 2 shows the existing sewer network in Makati BLISS. Table 1 Analysis of Septic Tank Effluent Quality from Makati BLISS Limit(s) Makati Bliss Parameter DENR-EMB Effluent Sample Ph 6.5-9 7.3@27.90C Suspended solids, mg/L 70 92.00 Dissolved Oxygen, mg/L 86.00 Biochemical Oxygen Demand 50 200.00 (BOD5), mgIL Chemical Oxygen Demand, mg/L 100 264.20 Total Coliform Count, MPN1100 ml 10,000 -900 x I05 Fecal Coliform Count, MPN/100 ml 900 x I05 *Water analysis conducted on May 24, 2000 14  Manila Water Figure 2 ,-Exististng Sewer Collection System in Makati BLISS _ F ; _ _ _ _ R7t~~~~~~DVI4 sr. M 80 lo d -- O6 H vC .~~~~~~~~~~~~~ MHI L G. G 15  1.4 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT PHASES 1.4.1 Pre-Operational I Construction Phases 1.4.1.1 Construction Plan The project is scheduled for bidding in December 2001. Construction is expected to commence in April 2002 and project completion is targeted in August 2002 (150 calendar days). Figure 3 shows the implementation schedule for the project. Manila Water Company will undertake the project implementation. 1.4.1.2 Total Surface Development Block The service area is approximately 4,631 m2 and is estimated to have a current population of 1,078. The project will serve all residential and commercial establishments within Makati BLISS. Any increase in population is not considered because there are no further planned development within the compound that would significantly affect the quality and/or quantity of wastewater discharges. Makati BLISS consists of five (5) four-story walk-up buildings, each with 20 residential units and a four-story walk-up building with 18 residential units and some commercial establishments. 1.4.1.3 Estimate of Total Land Area to be Opened for Civil Works Civil Works will include the STP construction and the laying of sewer lines to connect existing communal septic tanks to the STP. The STP will be located underground in a 120 square-meter lot. Sewer lines totaling 95 meters will be opened for civil works. Figure 4 shows the sewer network layout plan for the project. 1.4.1.4 Major Openings and Construction Activities The complete sewerage system will include the following components: * Collection sewers (diameter=100 to 150 mm) with a total estimated length of 95 meters to connect the communal septic tanks to the STP * Eight (8) sewer manholes and junction boxes with depth less than 1.5 meters * Underground STP with a design capacity of 172 m3/day and land requirement of 120 m2 * Sewer line (diameter=150 mm) with a total estimated length of 4 meters from STP discharge point to existing storm drainage 16  Figure 3 Proposed Implementation Schedule for Makati BLISS Community Sanitation Project Week No. 1 2 3 4 5 6_ 7 8 9 1 0 111 12 1 3 14 15 16 1 7 13 19 20 Permits and Clearances Layout and Staking Order Equipment Temporary Field Office Excavation for Main Reactor For'n~vofk. Steelwork. Pour,r,g Formn Removal 5 i; and Curing " _ _ i Excavate and . Install Sewer Line Testing of Sewer Lines