China - Jiangxi Integrated Agricultural Modernization Project : environmental impact assessment (Vol. 1 of 5) : Environmental impact assessment report (final draft)

E519 Volume 1 Project With Loans From the World Bank People's Republic of China World Bank Financed Jiangii Integrated Agricultural Modernization Project (JIAMP) Environmental Impact Assessment Report ( Final Draft) Jiangxi Provincial Environmental Protection Research Institute State Environmental Assessment Certificate Grade A No. 2303 Entrusted by Jmgxi Provincial Agricultural Office for Foreig Capital Utlization November, 2001 FILE COPY  Project With Loans From the World Bank < People's Republic of China World Bank Financed Jiangxi Integrated Agricultural Modernization Project (JIAMP) Environmental Impact Assessment Report ( Final Draft) Jiangxi Provincial Environmental Protection Research Institute State Environmental Assessment Certificate Grade A No. 2303 Entrusted by Jiangxi Provincial Agricultural Office for Foreign Capital Utilization November, 2001   People's Republic of China World Bank Financed Jiangxi Integrated Agricultural Modernization Project (JIAMIP) Environmental Impact Assessment Report (Final Draft) Compiler: Jiangxi Provincial Environmental Protection Research Institute Director: Shi Jing Senior Engineer Chief Engineer: Long Gang Senior Engineer [(ES) Qualification Certificate No. 087141 Technical Review: Zhu Baiming Senior Engineer [(ES) Qualification Certificate No. 08872] Project Leader: Shi Jing Senior Engineer [(ES) Qualification Certificate No. 087111 Project Deputy Leader: Zuo Zhu Senior Engineer [(ES) Qualification Certificate No. 087121 Hu Xiaohua Senior Engineer [(ES) Qualification Certificate No. 087151 Participants: Huang Jingming SeniorEngineer [(ES) Qualification Certificate No. 084991 Liu Zhigang Senior Engineer [(ES) Qualification Certificate No. 08713] Xu Meishen Engineer Zhou Hansan Engineer [(ES) Qualification Certificate No. 08715] Cheng Xiaonan Engineer [(ES) Qualification Certificate No. 0151 Entrusted by Jiangxi Provincial Agricultural Office for Foreign Capital Utilization   Executive Summary Jiangxi Integrated Agricultural Modernization Project (JIAMP), a world-bank loan project, is an agricultural development project authorized by China State Development Planning Conmmission in 1998. The total project investment is 1.54 billions yuan RMB, including the World Bank loan of 100 millions US dollars. The proposed JIAMP aims at improving the livelihood of the farmers in the project areas through establishment of integrated, demand driven and sustainable agricultural production systems (including market systems). The achievement of this objective would lead to reduction of poverty and greater social stability in the project area, as well as enhanced food security at province and national level. The following three components were proposed under the project: (1) Irrigation and Drainage; (2) Farm Production Improvement; and (3) Market System Development. Except for project areas of Xunwu County that lies in Pearl River catchment of Guangdong Province and Pengze County that lies in the Yangtze (Changjiang) River watershed, the project areas of the other 19 counties are situated in the Poyang Lake watershed that lies south of the middle reach of Yangtze River in northern part of Jiangxi Province. Jiangxi Province, with a total area of 166,900 km2 including cultivated areas of 22,532 krn2, has the jurisdiction over 11 cities and 99 counties. It is located on the south bank of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The population of the province. in 2000 was 41,503,000 in total, including 32,844,000 farmers. Poyang Lake, the largest fresh water lake in China, is located in the northern part of the province. It is a flowing through and seasonal lake that accepts the water coming mainly from 5 river catchments (Gan, Fu, Xinjiang, Rao, and Xiuhe Rivers). The drainage area of the Poyang Lake river system is 162,220 km2 and occupies about 97% of the total area of Jiangxi Province. The project areas are located in the subtropical zone with a monsoon humid climate. The mean annual rainfall varies between 1,387 to 1,795 mm. The rainfall from March to June usually comprises 60% of the annual total. The mean annual temperature is in the range of 16 to 200C. The yearly mean frost-free period is 273 days. The yearly mean sunshine is 1,970 hours. Forest coverage in most of the project counties is good, though differs greatly from county to county, with the best in Congyi Coumty, where the forest cover reaches 81.6%, and the worst in Hukou County beside the Poyang Lake, where the forest coverage is as low as 11.84%. In most irrigation areas, forest cover is composed of artificial (planted) forest, while the dominant species of wildlife are rabbits and various mice, usually of low protection levels. Therefore, no significant effect on vegetation and wild animals is envisaged in the project areas. Based on a desk study, a number of natural reserves are found to be either very close to the proposed i  and/or water conveyance and reservoir appear to be within the buffer zone of the natural reserves. Before any construction activity starts within such areas, the project proponent should contact the respective authorities at the Jiangxi Wildlife Protection Administration Bureau of the Jiangxi Forestry Departmnent or their National counterparts. In order to seek local support, to increase transparency and accountability to the public, to reach consensus with various stakeholders, and to enhance ownership of the environmental management and the proposed project, participation of beneficiaries and other stakeholders was of crucial importance in the environmental assessment process. In order to keep all beneficiaries informed, the EIA Terms of Reference (TOR) were sent to the libraries within the affected communities for review and commnent by the interested parties. Notices were issued and were put up on notice boards. News media including local newspapers, television and radio were also used extensively to informn all beneficiaries and potentially affected people within the areas of project impact about the planned environmental study, and their input was sought actively. The Environmental Assessment (EA) of JIAMP is prepared to meet the requirements of both the World Bank and the Govermnent of Peoples Republic of China and Government of Jiangxi Province environmental assessment processes. According to the EA TOR, this report presents the results of the Class B environmental impact assessment for the JLAMP based on the study of five counties comprising of 27 irrigation schemes that were selected to represent the major topographic, social and ecological norms that are present within the project counties. A detailed environmental analysis of the 27 irrigation districts located in the 5 project cotnties of Pengze, Wuning, Hlengfeng, Nancheng and Gan, each located in a different river catchment, was carried out by the EA team. Whenever the irrigation schemes were in the proximity of natural reserves or ecologically sensitive areas, additional investigations were carried out outside the project counties to ensure that the proposed project have no significant impact on the natural reserves, and if needed, propose further study programs. In addition, the counties for the EA study were selected so that all major river catchment, flowing in or out of Poyang Lake, be presented to determine the potential impacts of the proposed project, if any, on the Poyang Lake, a Ramsar site of international importance. Analysis was also made for each irrigation scheme around the Poyang Lake and on the banks of Yangtze River associated with the problem of Schistosomaisis beyond the 5 typical counties. The environmental analysis of the Jiangxi Integrated Agricultural Modernization Project indicated that the project would have no major direct negative impact on the natural environment. The overall social impact is positive. The project, if successfully implemented, should increase agricultural production through improvement of the economic and social well being of the farmers of the project area. A reliable irrigation water supply should reduce yield reduction during drought periods, while provision of on-farm research and extension services and adequate market system should assist the project farmers with the technical know how and better means of obtaining maximum income from their effort without major negative environmental impact. The proposed project, in general, should also have a positive impact on ii  environmental impact. The proposed project, in general, should also have a positive impact on the socio-economic conditions of the farnming communities by improving their livelihood through increased purchasing power. There are, however, a number of unavoidable aspects of project implementation,.which, if not properly mitigated, might have potential adverse effects on natural and/or social environment withiin the project areas. The identified impacts are reversible and the magnitude of their impacts would depend on how the proposed project specific mitigation plans are implemented. It is believed that the successful implementation of the proposed mitigation plans should reduce the enviromnental impacts to insignificant levels. The other environmental impacts identified during construction phase are of temporary nature. Theses impacts include vegetation damage, temporary land occupancy, local soil erosion, public heath deterioration, minor noise and air pollution, and water pollution mainly due to sediment loading due to soil erosion and unintentional oil/fuel contamination by construction equipment. The main sources for such impacts include such activities as construction of access roads, rehabilitationi or construction of main canals, soil mixing plants, labor camp, soil erosion within borrow sites, constructioni areas, and fueling/stagiLng areas. During the operation phase, potential negative enviroiunenital impacts include: > Potential cumulative impact of increased application of fertilizers on water quality and eutroplicationi in water bodies including the Poyang Lake; '- Potential impact due to potential increase in the use of highly toxic pesticides that could negatively impact not only the aquatic and terrestrial biota, but also the local and downstream residents; '- Potential increase in the incidents of waterborne diseases, including Schiistosomiasis (Schislosoma japonica) implementation in the irrigation areas (Pengze and Yongxiu Counties); and ' Social impacts of potential loss of farmlanad and the compensation policies associated witl the construction of roads, canals and market places in the project area. The most substantial envisaged negative environmental effects of the proposed project can be expected from a more intensive agricuilture production during the operation phase of the project, which might involve higher use of fertilizer, pesticides and lherbicides. The proposed project in its design will put strong emphasis on mitigating these effects by introducing more efficient application techniques to farmers. Most importantly, the proposed project would support integrated pest mranagement (IPM), including: (a) managing pests (keeping them below economically damaging levels) rather than seeking to eradicate them; (b) relying, to the extent possible, on non chemiiical measures to keep pest populations low; and (c) selecting and applying pesticides, when they have to be used, in a way that minimizes adverse effects on beneficial organisms, humans, and the environment. Based on a desk study, the Fang Lake irigation area in Pengze County is close to a natural reserve, and the Yislhui irrigation area appears to potentially be located inside the buffer zone of iii  the YihlLang South China Tiger (Panthlera tigris amjoyensis) Nattiral Reserve. Taipingjiang irrigation area in Longnan County is also appeared to potentially have impact on the Jiuliani Mountain Natural Reserve, while thie Xiaojianig irrigation area is located in the fringe of the Yangling Natural Reserve. In addition, in recent years the Fang and the Taibo Lake of Pengze, the Nanbei Lake of Port Hukou, and the lakeside beach in Yugan had become the over wintering habitats of some species of rare migratory birds. During final project design, attention should be paid to avoiding environmental sensitive areas like natural reserves and wildlife habitats. It is proposed that PPMO should submit the project design documents of the sub-projects near natural reserves and wildlife habitats to the wildlife administratiVe department for review and approval before finalizing the project construction plans within such areas. If any project encroach the buffer zone or the core region of the natural reserve, the environmental screening team will reject them. In addition, construction period within areas that are in the proximity of over wintering habitats of migratory birds should be reduced to avoid construction during peak use of the over wintering habitats. Mitigation measures are proposed to prevent/reduce the identified potential environmental impacts of the project development. Since the project schemes are scattered throughout the province and involve a large area of Jiangxi, effective implementation of thie proposed mitigation measures, if not well organized, would be a major challenge to the project proponent. In order to cope with this challenge, a detailed environmental management plan (EMP) including institutional strengthening, environmental training requirements and environmental monitorinig plan is developed, budgeted anid presented in this report. Thie proposed EMP recommends the development of an independent environmental management organization (EMO) within the present project management organization (PMO) to be responsible for the implemenitationi of the proposed mitigation measiures during every stage of project development fromi pre-constructioni to operation to ensure the environmental sustainability of the proposed project. iv  Table of Contents 1 INTRODUCTION ............. I 1.1 BACKGROUND .I 1.2 PURPOSE OF ASSESSMENT .2 1.3 BASES OF ASSESSMENT .2 1.3.1 Lavs and Regulations .3 1.3.2 Technical Documents .3 1.4 ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY .4 1.5. RELATIONSHIP TO FEASIBILITY STUDY .5 1.6 EA TEAM .5 1.7 ASSESSMENT SCOPE AND PERIODS COVERED ..................................................... . .6 1. 7.1 Scope of Assessment..6 1. 7.2 Periods Covered .7 1.8 ASSESSMENT FACTORS, FOCUS AND CATEGORIZATION .7 1.8.1 Assessment Factors .7 1.8.2 Assessment Focus and Categorization .11 1.9 CRITERIA OF ASSESSMENT .11 1.9.1 Surface Water Qaality Standad. 11 1. 9.2 Drinking Water Quality Standard .12 1.9.3 Ambient Air Quality Standard .12 1.9.4 Soil Quality Standad .12 1.9.5 Standardfor Pesticide Use .12 2 POLICY, LEGISLATION & ADMINISTRATION FRAMEWORK. 15 2.1 ORGANIZATIONS & ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK. 1 5 2.2 NATIONAL POLICY & STRATEGY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION. 1 5 2.3 WB REQUIREMENTS ..................... .1 6 3 PROJECT DESCRIPTION. ... ... .................... 17 3.1 OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT . 1 7 3.1.1 Project Area. 7 3.1.2 ExistingAgro-production Constraints .23 3.1.3 Objectives of the Prqject .24 3.2 MAIN COMPONENTS OF THE PROJECT .25 3.2.1 Irrigation and Drainage Coomponent .25 3.2.2 FARM PRODUCTION IMPROVEMENT COMPONENT. 25 3.2.3 MARKET IMPROVEMENT COMPONENT .26 3.3 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECTS IN EA FOCUS STUDY AREA .27 3.4 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE ..53 3.5 PROJECT INVESTMENT ......... ........ ...... ...........53 ............. .. .53 4 DESCRIPTION OF THE EXISTING ENVIRONMENT .55 v  4.1 PHYSICAL EN VRONMENT .............................................................. 55 4.1.1 Topography ...................................... 55 4.1.2 Soil ...................................... 60 4.1.3 Climate ...................................... 64 4.1.4 Hydrology ...................................... 64 4.1.5 Surface Water Quality ...................................... 71 4.1.6 Ground Water Quality ...................................... 73 4.1. 7Air Quality ...................................... 77 4.1.8 Waste Disposal ...................................... 77 4.2 ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT ........................................ 77 4.2.1 FLORA ......................................... 77 4.2.2 Fauna ...................................... 81 4.2.3 Natural Reserves ...................................... 94 4.2.4 Soil Erosion and Water and Soil Conservation ...................................... 98 4.3 SOCIAL AND CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT ......................................... 113 4.3.1 Population ...................................... 113 4.3.2 Cultural Background ...................................... 114 4.3.3 Public Health ...................................... 115 4.33.4 Cutltural Heritage ...................................... 117 4.3.5 Scenic Spots and Tourism ...................................... 117 4.3.6 Infrastructure ............................................. 119 4.3.7 Land Tenure and Land Ownership ...................................... 121 4.3.8 Land rise and Farming Practices ...................................... 121 4.3.10 Other Employment/ManufactuJring Opportunities ...................................... 134 4.3.11 Scio-economic Development Plan ...................................... 134 5 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION ............................................ 137 5.1 CONSULTATION METHOD AND SUBJECT ..................................... 137 5.1.1 Consultation with Famnily or Individual. 3.................................. 137 5.1.2 Inter-agency and NGOs Consultation .................................. 138 5.2 PUBLIC OPIN IONS AND SUGGESTIONS .................................... 138 5.3 INFORMATION DISCLOSURES AND FEEDBACK ..................................... ] 40 5.3.1 Work Done by PPMO .................................. 140 5.3.2 Information Disclosure Plan of the PPMO .................................. 140 5.4 BENEFICIAL PARTICIPATION PLAN ..................................... 141 5.5 SUMMARY OF PUBLIC PARTICIPATION .................................... 141 6 ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES ................................................................................................................................................................... .143 6.1 CONSTRUCTION PHASE ........................................................................ 143 6.1.1 Potential Sources of Effect ................................................................... 143 6.1.2 Predicted Impacts and Proposed Mitigation During Construction ......................................... 147 6.2 OPERATIONAL PHASE ................................................................... . .... 165 6.2.1 Analysis of Potential Environmental Impacts during Operation Phase ................................. 165 vi  6.2.2 Proposed Mitigation Measures .175........................................................ 175 6.3 MITIGATION PLAN .176 7 PROJECT SCREENING CHECKLIST. .177 8 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES .187 8.1 ANALYSIS OF "WITHOUT PROJECT. 187 8.1.1 Current Status and Constraintsfor Water Conservancy and Irrigation .187 8.1.2 Current Status of Farmland Production & Existing Constraints .188 8.1.3 Existing Problems in Market Development .189 8.2 "WITH PROJECr' ALTERNATIVE. 189 9 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN . .191 9.1 THE IMPLEMENTATON ORGANIZATION AND RESPONSIBILITIES. 191 9.1.1 Implementation Organizations .191 9.1.2 Role of PEMO and EIs .193 9.1.3 Supervision Organization .194 9.1.4 Environmental Management Plan .199 9.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN. 219 9.2.1 Monitoring Items .219 9.2.2 Monitoring Implementer .219 9.2.3 Monitoring Report System .219 9.2.4 Pre-construction Monitoring .219 9.2.5 Construction MlIonitoring .221 Monitoring Items .223 9.2.6 Monitoring During Operational Period .223 9.2.7 Monitoring Budget ................. 224 9.3 ENVIRONMENTAL TRAINING PLAN .225 9.3,1 Training Objectives .225 9.3.2 Training Courses .225 9.4 BUDGETS .226 10 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .229 10.1 CONCLUSIONS 229 10.2 RECOMMENDATIONS ...................................................................................................................... 230 10.2.1 Follow-u.p Program ......... 230 10.2.2 Public Participation ......... 231 10.2.3 Support Applied On-farm Research Programs .231 10.2.4 Review of Future Project Sub-components .231 11 LIST OF REFERENCES ................... 232 vii  List of Tables TABLE 1 -1 PRELIMINARY IDENTIFICATION MATRIX FOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT FACTORS OF JLAMP .. .9 TABLE 1-2 DETERMINATION OF CLASS FOR PARTICULAR ASSESSMENT ITEMS ......................I............ I I TABLE 4-1 HYDROLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF THE FOUR MAIN RIVERS WITHIN GAN COUNTY ................ 71 TABLE 4-2 WATER QUALITY CLASSES OF FiVE MAIN RIVERS IN JIANGXI PROVINCE IN 2000 ......... .......... 72 TABLE 4-4 MONITORED RESULTS OF GROUND WATER QUALITY IN SOME PROJECT COUNTIES ......... ...... 77 TABLE 4-5 THE MAIN SPECIES AND DISTRIBUTION OF WILDLIFE IN THE PROJECT COUNTIES ......... ......... 93 TABLE 4-6 MAIN NATURAL RESERVES IN THE PROJECT COUNTIES ............................................................ 97 TABLE 4-7 SOIL EROSION IN THE PROJECT COUNTIES ............................................................ ............ 99 TABLE 4-8 SOIL EROSION IN EACH IRRIGATION AREA OF HENGFENG COUNTY ......................................... 99 TABLE 4-9 THE POPULATION IN THE PROJECT COUNTIES ........................................................................ 113 TABLE 4-10 DISTRIBUTION OF THE NATIONAL MINORITY VILLAGE IN THE PROJECT COUNTIES ........ 1...... 14 TABLE 4-11 MORBIDITY OF MAIN EPIDEMIC DISEASES IN SOME OF THE PROJECT COUNTIES ........... .... 116 TABLE 4-12 THE PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF SCHISTOSOMiASIS IN YONGXIU COUNTY ................... 117 TABLE 4-13 THE NATIONAL ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT PLANS OF THE EA FOCUS STLJDY C O UN TIES ......................................................................... 1 35 TABLE 6-1 NOISE SOURCES AND ESTIMATED SOUND VALUE ................................................................... 151 TIABLE 6-2 ESTIMATED NOISE VALUE OF CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY . ................................................. 151 TABLE 6-3 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT SUMMARY DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE, 5 EA STUDY COUNTIES ................................................I........................................ .................................................................. 159 TABLE 6-4 TOTAL PESTICIDE APPLICATIONS IN THE WHOLE PROVINCE & SOME PROJECT COUNTIES ... 166 TABLE 6-5 VARIETIES AND PROBABILITY OF PESTICIDE USE FOR CROPS IN THE PROJECT AREA ............ 166 TABLE 6-7 FERTILIZER USE PER HECTARE FOR EACH CROP (FARMER HOUSEHOLD SURVEY) ................. 169 TABLE 6-8 FERTILIZER APPLICATION RATES BEFORE AND AFTER THE PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION ........ 170 TABLE 7. 1 CRITERIA LIST FOR PROJECT SCREENING AND APPROVAL OF IRRIGATION PROJECTS ...... .... 179 TABLE 7.2 CRITERIA LIST FOR PROJECT SCREENING AND APPROVAL OF MARKETING/AGRO-ENTERPRISE PRO JEC T .............. ............................................................ 183 TABLE 9-1 ENVIRONMENTAL SUPERVISION PLAN . ........................................................................ 195 TABLE 9-2 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR THE JLAMP ....................................................... 201 TABLE 9-3 PRE-CONSTRUCTION SURFACE WATER QUALITY MONITORINGPROGRAM ............................ 221 TABLE 94 PRE-CONSTRUCTION GROUND WATER QUALrIY MONITORING PROGRAM ............................. 221 TABLE 9-5 CONSTRUCTION AIR QUALITY MONITORING PROGRAM ....................................................... 222 TABLE 9-6 NOISE MONITORING PROGRAM DURING CONSTRUCTION ....................... __ .......................... 222 TABLE 9-7 PUBLIC HEALTH MONITORING PROGRAM DURING CONSTRUCTION ....................................... 223 TABLE 9-8 ESTIMATED COSTS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN ............................. ........... 225 TABLE 9-9 ESTIMATED SALARY COSTS FOR PEMO AND El STAFF ........................................................... 226 TABLE 9-10 TRAINING PR OGRAM COSTS ......................................................................... 227 TABLE 9-11 ESTIMATED TOTAL COST FOR OVERALL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS, (RMB Y) .................................................................................... 227 viii  List of Figures FIG. 1 - 1. ASSESSMENT PROCEDURES FOR THE EA OF JIAMP ................................................................. 1 3 FIG.2-I .ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF ENVIRONMENTAL ADMIN1STRATIVE FRAMEWORK ........ -...... 1 6 FIG. 3 - 1. GEOGRAPHIC POSITION OF JIANGXI PROVINCE IN CHINA ................ ............................... 1 9 FIG.3-2.GEOGRAPHIC POSITION OF EA STUDY COUNTIES ....................................................... 21 FIG. 3-3 IRIGATED DISTRICTS IN HENGFENG COUNTY ................................................................. 29 FIG. 3-4 PROPOSED MARKETS AND AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES IN HENGFENG COUNTY ........................ 3 1 FIG. 3-5 IRRIGATED DISTRICTS IN WUNING COUNTY ................................................................. 33 FIG. 3-6 PROPOSED MARKETS AND AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES IN Wl1NING COUNTY ........... ................ 37 FIG. :-7 IIGATED DISTRICTS IN PENGZE COUNTY ................................................................. 39 FIG. 3-8 PROPOSED MARKETS AND AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES IN PiNGZE COUNTY ............................. 4 1 FIG 3-9 IRRIGATED DISTRICTS IN NANCHENG COUNTY ................................................................. 43 FIG.3- I 0 PROPOSED MARKETS AND AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES IN NANCHENG COUNTY ......... ........... 47 FIG.3- 11 IRRIGATED DISTRICTS IN GAN COUNTY ................................................................. 49 FIG. 3-12 PROPOSED MARKETS AND AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES IN GAN COUNTY .... ......................... 5 1 FIG.4-1 GEOMORPHOLOGIC SYSTEMS IN JIANGXI PROVINCE .................................................................. 57 FIG.4-2 SOIL MAP OF JIANGXI PROVINCE ................................................................. 61 FIG. 4-3 POYANG LAKE DRAINAGE BASIN ................ .................................................. 67 FIG. 4-4 JIANGXI VEGETATION ................................................................... 79 FIG.4-5 REMOTE SENSiNG IMAGE OF THE VEGETAION IN WUNING COUNTY ........................................... 83 FIG.4-6 REMOTE SENSING IMAGE OF THE VEGETATION IN PENGzE COUNTY ...................................... ...... 85 FIG. 4-7 REMOTE SENSING IMAGE OF THE VEGETATION IN HENGFENG COUNTY ...................................... 87 FIG. 4-8 REMOTE SENSING IMAGE OF THE VEGETATION IN GAN COUNTY ................................................. 89 FIG. 4-9 REMOTE SENSING IMAGE OF THE VEGETATION IN NANCHENG COUNTY ................1...................... 9 1 FIG. 4-1 0 THE NATURE RESERVES IN THE PROJECT COUNTIES .......... ........ ---- ... -- ......... 95 FIG. 4-11 ACTUAL SOIL EROSION IN JIANGXI PROVINCE .................................................................. 101 FIG. 4-12 SOIL EROSION MAP OF WUNING COUNTY ................................................................. 103 FIG. 4-13 SOIL EROSION MAP OF PENGZE COUNTY .................................................................. 105 FIG. 4-14 SOIL EROSION MAP OF HENGFENG COUNTY ................................................................. 107 FIG.4 15 SOIL EROSION MAP OF GAN COUNTY ........................................................ .......... 109 FiG. 4-16 SOIL EROSION MAP OF NANCHENG COUNTY ..................... ............................................. 111 FIG. 4-17 LAND USE MAP OF WUNING COUNTY . ................................................................. 123 FIG. 4-18 LAND USE MAP OF PENGZE COUNTY ................... ............................................... 125 FIG. 4-19 LAND USE MAP OF HENGFENG COUNTY ................................................................. 127 FIG. 4-20 LAND USE MAP OF GAN COUNTY .....9............................................................... 129 FIG. 4-21 LAND USE MAP OF NANCHENG COUNTY .................................. .......... ..................... 131 FIG. 9-1 ENViRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ORGANIZAnON IN CONSTRUCTION STAGE ........................... 192 FIG. 9-2 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATION IN OPERATION STAGE ............. ..................... 192 FIG. 9-3 MAIN WORK OF PEMO .................................................................. 194 FIG. 9-4 ORGANIZATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL SUPERVISION ............................................... -- .............. 199 FIG. 9-5 MONITORING REPORT CHART .................................................................. 220 ix  ABBREVIATIONS CPMO County Project Management Office EA Environmental Assessment EDC Ecological Demonstration County El Environmental Inspector ELA Enviromnental hnpact Assessmnent EMO Environmental Management Office EMP Environmental Management Plan EMS Environmental Monitoring Station EP Environmental Protection EPB Enviromnental Protection Bureau FS Feasibility Study IFA International Fund Association JIAMP Jiangxi Integrated Agricultural Modemization Project JPEPRI Jiangxi Provincial Environmental Protection Institute PEMO Provincial Environmental Management Office PLG Project Leading Group PPMO Provincial Project Management Office SEPA State Environmental Protection Agency WB World Bank TOR Terns of References Exchange Rate US$ 1.0 = RMBY 8.26 (As of November 27,2001) x  1 Introduction 1.1 Background The proposed Jiangxi Integrated Agricultural Modernization Project (JIAMP) aims at improving the livelihood of the farmers in the project areas through the establishment of integrated, demand driven and sustainable agricultural production systems (including market systems). The achievement of this objective would lead to reduction of poverty and greater social stability in thle project area, as well as enhanced food security for the province and the country as a whole. Early in 1998, the project proposal of JAMP was reviewed and approved by the State Development Planning Commission (SDPC). JLAMP includes projects in 21 counties of Jiangxi Province, which witlh the exception of Xunwu County are located in the Yangtze River basin. Majority of the projects are located in the river valleys of 5 major river systems in Jiangxi Province, flowing toward the Poyang Lake that eventually drains to Yangtze River. None of the projects include new dams and the project activities are confined to improving irrigation water use efficiency, relhabilitation/construction of irrigation canals, together with rehabilitation of existing rural or on-farm roads, farm production improvement and development of marketing system. According to requirements of the Notice on Strengthening the EIA work for Construction Project with Loans from Intemational Financial Institutions (Document NO.324), JANWP has to implement the Chinese laws, regulations & standards on enviromnental protection and environmental assessment (EA) regulations and requirements. In addition to the relevant Chinese regulations on EA, the project should also give fuill consideration to. the technical requirements of the international financial institutions. On April 26, 2001, the Provincial Project Management Office (PPMO) retained Jiangxi Provincial Environmental Protection Research Institute (JPEPRI) to study the environmental impacts of the development of JIAMP. The terms of reference (TOR) and the framework for agreement between PPMO and JPEPRI defined an assessment to detennine the environmental impact of the proposed integrated agricultural project based on study of only 3 pilot irrigation areas in 3 counties. According to the requirements of the Regulations Concerning Environmental Protection Management for Construction Projects (State Council Decree No. 253) and the environmental policies of the World Bank (WB), the EA team completed the compilation of the EA Report (draft) based on this EA TOR, combined with the findings of field work on the environmental conditions and review of second-hand data related to the project and project areas and the draft reports of other consulting teams. On September 5, 2001, the draft report was submitted to PPMO. During the pre-appraisal meeting of JIAMP held in Nanchang from September 5-27, 2001, an addendum was made to the EA TOR by relevant WB officials and environmental experts combined with the EA team. According to the addendum, the EA study area was expanded to cover 21 project counties and 5 counties were selected as representative areas needing focus 1  study. This report deals with the assessment of the environmental impacts of the proposed development scheme according to the amended TOR. The report provides an assessment of the environmental impacts of the development of JIAMP. It is arranged in the format provided by the World Bank for irrigation development projects. Section 2 describes the institutional and administrative framework and the national policies and strategies in relation to such development schemes. Section 3 provides a description of the proposed development project, while Section 4 provides a description of the existing physical, ecological and socio-economical environment, which is specific to the areas affected by the proposed project. Section 5 describes the public participation whereas Section 6 identifies the potential impacts that could be expected from the proposed project both during construction and operation and proposes viable mitigation measures for to minimize these impacts. Section 7 describes the alternatives that have been considered in the project planning process, mainly with or without the project. Section 8 is devoted to the presentation of an environmental management plan (EMP) for the proposed project including the implementation framework, a mitigation plan, a monitoring plan for the pre-construction, construction and operation periods and a training plan, while section 9 presents the general conclusions and recommendations. The team would like to thank Dr. Dadgari for his unsparing instructions and persistent assistance in preparing this report. The team would also like to thank PPMO and local county/district governrments of Wuning, Pengze, Hengfeng, Dexin, Ganxian, Nancheng, Congyi and Zhanggong for making the arrangements for the field trips and for their cooperation and hospitality. 1.2 Purpose of Assessment The aims of the EA include: 1.Qualitative analyses and assessments of the socio-economic and present natural environmental conditions in the project area and the scope and extent of future impacts. The implementation of the project is reviewed and examined in terms of environmental protection. 2.To determine the potential environmental impacts and to disseminate the findings to the project development and construction teams. 3. To prepare mitigation measures to reduce/eliminate the identified negative impacts and prepare an environmental management plan (EMP) for pre-construction, construction and operation/implementation of the project. The terms of reference (TOR) and its addendum agreed between the PPMO and JPEPRI is presented as Annex A. 1.3 Bases of Assessment This assessment was carried out according to the laws and regulations of the People's Republic of China, Jiangxi Province and World Bank technical documents. A list of the material used 2  for preparation of this report is outlined below. 1.3.1 Laws and Regulations 1. The Environmental Protection Law of the People s Republic of China (December 26, 1989); 2. The Water & Soil Conservation Law of the People . Republic of China (June 29, 1991); 3. The Land Administration Law of the People s Republic of China (August 29, 1998); 4. The Law Concerning the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution, the People s Republic of China (May 15,1995); 5. The Law Concerning Water, the People X Republic of China (June 29, 1991); 6. Notice on Strengthening the EIA work for Construction Project with Loans from International Financial Institutions, Document [1993] NO.324, Jointly issued by SEPA, the State Planning Commission, the Ministry of Finance and the People s Bank of China 7. The Administrative Rules for the Environmental Protection of Construction Projects (The State Council Decree No. 253, November 18, 1998); 8. The Classified Managerial Items of Environmental Protection for Construction Projects (Provisional) [SEPA, Huanfa No. 99, 1999]; 9. The Rules of Environmental Protection for Construction Projects in Jiangxi Province (April 29,1995); 10. The Administrative Rules of The Water & Soil Conservation Law of the People ' Republic of China; 11. The Administrative Rules of The Land Administration Law of the People s Republic of China, 12. The Administrative Rules for Pesticide; 13. Regulations for Pesticide Registration; 14. Regulations for Safe Use of Pesticide. 15. The Regulations on Natural Reserves of the People s Republic of China (The State Council Decree No. 167, September 2, 1994); 16. The Regulations on Protection of Wild Flora of the People s Republic of China (The State Council Decree No. 204, September 30, 1996); 17. The Wild Fauna Protection Law of 'the People .: Republic of China (The People X Congress, November 8, 1988); 18. Notice on Further Strengthening the Administration of'Natural Reserves in the People s Republic of China (The State Council, No.111, 1998); 19. Detailed Rules and Regulations on Natural Reserves of Jiangxi Province (The Forestry Department ofJiangxi Province, August 4, 1998) 20. The Rules of Environmental Protection jbr Construction Projects in Jiangxi Province (April 29,1995); 21. Regulations on Pollution Prevention and Control in Jiangxi Province (December, 2000). 1.3.2 Technical Documents 1. The Technical Guidelines forEnvironmental ImpactAssessment (SEPA, HJ/T2.i to 2.3-1993, 3  HJIT2.4-1995, HJ/T19-1997); 2. The World Bank Operational Policy 4.01,4.04,4.09,4.11,4.37; 3. The World Bank Procedures 17.50; 4. The Request Concerning the Approval of the Proposal for the Second Stage Integrated Agricultural Development Project of Jihu, Jiangxi Province) [The State Planning Commission, JLJ103-98J; 5. Notice on the Printing and Distribution of the Request Concerning the Approval of the Proposal for the Second Stage Integrated Agricultural Development Project of Jihu ,Jiangxi Province) [The State Planning Commission, JL1313-98]; 6. Memorandum of the World Bank Project Identification Group on the Proposed J1AMP (Septentbe- 5- 24, 1999); 7. Memorandum of the World Bank Project Preparation Group on the JIAMP (December 7-12,2000); 8. Memorandum of the World Bank Project Preparation Group on the JIAMP (May 8-June 6, 2001); 9. Terms of References (TOR) for an Environmental Assessment of the JIAMP; 10. Contract for Consultants, Environmental Assessment of the JIAMP (PRC. PHRD-07, April 26,2001%; 11. Supplementary Terms on the Contract for Consultants, Environmental Assessment of the JIAMP (Agreed between PPMO and JPEPRI on September 24, 2001); 12. The Letter of Attorney.for Environmental Impact Assessment of JIAMP (April 26,2001): 13. The Project Feasibility Research Reports of the JIAMP (Including the farm production improvement component, the irrigation component and the market component); 14. The Preliminary Design Reports of the Six Pilot Irrigation Schemes Under the JIAMP 1S. The Pre-evaluating Report on Cultural Heritage of the JIAMP (China Cross-Cultural Consulting Center, Zhongshan (Sun Yat-Sen) University, September 2001); 16. The Social Appraisal Report of the JIAMP (China Cross-Cultural Consulting Center, Zhongshan (Sun Yat-Sen) University, September 2001); 17. The Social Appraisal Report on Minorities of the JIAMP (China Cross-Cultural Consulting Center, Zhongshan (Sun Yat-Sen) University, September 2001). All the above documents are available at JPEPRI or PPMO. 1.4 Assessment Methodology Since the project is mainly a rehabilitation project and does not include any new dams or major land clearing, it is classified as a Category B project and the EA is carried out in a "simplified way" with main attention of the study being focused on the significant environmental issues likely to be caused by the project. An assessment metbod of environmental matrices is used for this EA. This method has been widely used in the environmental assessment of various projects since proposed by Leopold, et al.' (1971). An environmental matrix employs a list of project activities and a list of environmental parameters or impact indicators. The two are related in a ISource: Leopold, L.B., Clarke, .E., Manshaw, B.B. and Baisley, J.R. (1971), A Procedure for Evaluating Enviromneital Impacts, US. Geological Survey Circular No. 645, Govermnuent Printing Office, Washington, D C. 4  matrix in order to identify cause-effect relationships. Column headings generally list the project activities while the row headings show the environmental parameters of the affected system. Entries in the resulting matrix cells may simply show that an interaction takes place or they may be qualitative or quantitative estimates of the interaction. 1.5. Relationship to Feasibility Study According to Article 9 and Article 17 of The Administrative Rules for the Environmental Protection of Construction Projects (The State Coouncil Decree No. 253, November 18, 1998), the project proponent should submit the EA report to the corresponding environmental administrative departments and get approval during the stage of project feasibility study (FS). In the project preliminary design documents, a separate chapter for environmental protection should be included according to the State standards for environmental impact mitigation planning and design. This chapter should include project environmental impacts, methods to prevent/reduce the impacts and the budget for investment requested for environmental protection. Since the EA report would be prepared parallel to the preparation of the project and must be based on the project FS and community/fanner consultation, the coordination of PPMO and close cooperation of the EA study teamn with other feasibility teams is very important. To avoid/mitigate the potential environmental impacts in the project design stage, the EA team has prepared the preliminary instructions on environmental protection requirements to the PPMO and other teams engaged in FS study of project components. Talks were held with the social appraisal (SA) team, and questions and a sample questionnaire on key environmental issues were designed and provided to the SA team. The findings of SA team as well as other study teams are incorporated into this report. The other feasibility study tearns have also provided their findings of environmental aspects to the EA team and due considerations to the identified and their suggestions are incorporated in environmental impacts analyses and formulation of environmental management plan. This EA was prepared in close association with all feasibility study teams and is considered as an integrated part of the feasibility study. 1.6 EA Team The EA Team comprises 9 professionals in JPEPRI. Their posts, specialties and tasks in this EA and the man-month used by each member are listed in Tablel of Annex B. JPEPRI is the provincial level institution for environmental protection research in Jingxi Province. Since its establishment in 1976, JPEPRI has been actively engaged in environmental research, environmental planning, environmental impact assessment for regional development and single construction project, ecological study and planning, examination of green products, pollution control design and abatement, ISO14000 environmental management system and 5  other environmental activities. The Professional Training Base for Environmental Professionals of Jiangxi Province, which is affiliated to Jiangxi Provincial Personnel Departnent, is also established as a section under the Institute. The Institute holds Class I Certificate for EIA of Category A projects and Class II Certificate for Engineering Design of Environmental Pollution Control Projects. Presently, JPEPRI has total staff of 80, among which 2 are researcher fellow, 18 are senior engineer and 2 are experts with special allowance from the State Council. The areas of specialties include environmental engineering, ecology, geography, hydrology, geology, water conservancy, chemistry, mechanical engineering, water supply and drainage, rural economy, electronics, physics, mathematics, IT, and medical science. In the past 10 years, JPEPRI has led or participated in about 50 environmental study projects at state level or provincial level, and 16 researches, development and extension of applied technology. Among these projects, 6 won Class II Prizes for Science & Technology Progress from the State, SEPA and Jiangxi Province, 11 won Class III prize for Science & Technology Progress, I was listed as the best available technology by SEPA and 2 was listed as the state patents. The Institute has made many academic achievements in the pastlO years, and the professionals have published about 500 papers in the domestic academic Journals as well as in the international Journals. In 1996, the Institute won the honor of Advanced Group in Enviromnental Protection from SEPA. In the past, JPEPRI has strengthened relations and co-operation with counter, 3rts from U.S.A and Japan, and has dispatched many professionals to the U.S.A, Japan and wanada to attend training, meeting and survey to learn and master the advanced technology and methodology for environmental study and management. JPEPRI has led and completed a number of EAs for construction projects with loans from the Asian Development Bank, Japan Overseas Co-operation Fund and the World Bank. 1.7 Assessment Scope and Perio9 s Covered The study areas covered in this EA include the 96 irrigation districts distributed in the 21 project counties/districts of Jiangxi Province, i.e., Pengze, Hukou, Yongxiu, Wuning, Hengfeng, Dexing, Guangfeng, Yugan, Nancheng, Yihuang, Congren, Gan, Xunwu, Longnan, Quannan, Xingguo, Congyi, Shicheng, Xinfeng, Zhanggong and Gold Development zone, and their surrounding areas. The scope of the EA and the time periods considered are detailed below. 1.7.1.Scope of Assessment The proposed project comprises a number of irrigation schemes, each comprising'an upland reservoir or weir dam diverting water into a system of canals extending from the foothills to the flat irrigation areas, together witlh rural roads improvements. After detailed analysis of all irrigation districts, 5 counties including 27 irrigation districts were selected the representatives for this EA study. Each of selected counties (Pengze, Wuning, Hengfeng, Nancheng and Gan) is located on one of the main river catchments in Jiangxi Province. They also represent different 6  topographic, ecologic and social conditions that are dominant within the project counties. Wherever the irrigation districts are in proximity of natural reserves or ecologically sensitive areas, additional investigation was carried out outside the counties to ensure that proposed projects will have no significant impacts and if needed, propose future study programs. Analysis was also made for each irrigation scheme associated with the problem of Schistosomaisis2 beyond the 5 typical counties. The EIA team visited each of the 5 typical project counties and the baseline data entailed by this EIA were collected. 1.7.2 Periods Covered This environmental assessment covers different phases of project implementation including: > Design period/pre-construction; - Construction period (5 years) - Operation period (5 years). During the operation of the project, changes in environmental/operation conditions occur. Therefore, the monitoring period might need to be increased to ensure that impacts are identified. In addition, the analysis of the long-term cumulative and residual impacts may be beyond the assessment period. 1.8 Assessment Factors, Focus and Categorization 1.8.1 Assessment Factors The proposed project is an integrated agricultural development project, comprising irrigation, farmland production improvement and market system development components. Therefore, the environmental impacts and their interactions are complex. The assessment factors are identified using an environmental interactive matrix (Table 1-1) based on field surveys, collection of secondary data, consultation with the other study teams, the environmental sensitivities of the project areas, and lessons learned from other similar water conservancy and agricultural projects. The identified environmental factors include: ' Social Environment: public health, land use, socio-economy, downstream water users, cultural relics and historical sites, dam safety; x Ecological Environment: flora, fauna, natural reserves, freshwater fisheries; and - Physical Environment: -Water environment: water hydrology, water quality (including pH, CODm, nutrients, pesticide/herbicide3); - Ambient Air: total suspended particulates (TSP) during construction; -Acoustic Environment: noise during construction; -Soil erosion; and 2 Schistosoniasisjaponica is caused by the wonii (Schi5tosomajapoi,icusr) that miultiply in snail intemiediate hosts. It dissenmnates iuto fresh waters as furcocercouis cercariae that bore into the huniu] body when in contact with infested water. It occurs mamily in eastem Asia anid the Pacific Islands and predominantly involves infestation of the portal and mesenteric veins. 3 List of pesticides/herbicides to be analyzed will vary in different counties, based on the chemicals in use. 7   TABLE I - PRELIMINARY IDENTIFICATION MATRIX FOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT FACTORS OF JIAMP Environmental Parameters Physical Environment Ecological Environment Social Environment 8 Project Components E IRRGATION SCHEMES Consolidation of -water supply source structures I I I I I 1 1 I 1 2 3 1 1 1 3 Rehabilitation of canals and affiliated structures; construction/improvement of on-farm irrigation and drainage 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 1 1 3 1 facilities Rehabilitation/Construction of rural roads and on-farm roads 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 3 Land leveling of small scale 1 2 2 2 1 3 Establishment of SIDD' 1 2 1 1 FARM PRODUCTION IMPROVEMENT Improvement of crop varieties and livestock and fish breeds I I 1 2 1 2 Agro-ena" assodfamwr ban 1 1 1 1 2 1 Farmland production: Conversion of familand into fishing pond 1 2 1 3 1 2 1 2 1 2 Upland crops cultivation 1 2 1 1 1 1 Livestock husbandry 1 1 1 1 1 Induced use of pesticides 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 Induced use of fertilizers 2 1 1 1 MlARKET SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT Rehabilitation and improvement of agro-produce markets I 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 Development of agro-produce processing enterprises I 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 Note: I = Slight impact. 2 = Medium impact. 3 Significant impact. SIDD = Self-financed Irrigation and Drainage Disttict   -Solid wastes. 1.8.2 Assessment Focus and Categorization Since the project is mainly a rehabilitation project and does not include any new darns or major land clearing, uis project is categorized as Category B project in accordance with the World Bank Operational Policy (OP 4.01). Special topic assessment category and basis are presented in Table 1-2 in accordance with the Technical Guidelines for E nvironmental lImpact Assessment (HJ/T2.1-2.3-93, HJ/T2.4-1995, HJ/T19-1997). The assessment focuses project impact on the ecological environment, water environment and social enviromnent during construction and operation phases. Furthermore, water quality, land use and public health are identified as the main factors of this EA based on potential environmental impacts. The water quality as sessment focuses on the impact of fertilizer and pesticide application on surface and ground water, while land use assessment focuses on the changes in agricultural practices, the impact of the irrigation facility rehabilitation works on faming activities and land acquisition entailed by market construction. Public health assessment focuses on the impact of epidemic and water-bome diseases. TABLE 1-2 DETERMINATION OF CLASS FOR PARTICULAR ASSESSMENT ITEMS Class of Item Criteria Assessment 4 Water Small volume of sewage discharge, simple composition Class 3 Environment of sewage. Ecological The affected area is greater than 50k m2; the reduction Ecviroro entc of biomass is less than 50%; little influence on Class 2 biodiversity. 1.9 Criteria of Assessment According to the enviromnental function zoning of the environmental protection administrative departments in the project counties, the following standards will be adopted for this assessment. 1.9.1 Surface Water Quality Standard (1) Class 11 qf the Environmental Quality Standardfor Surface Water (GHZB 1-1999) for drinking water soturce protection area; (2) The Water Quality Standard for Cropland Irrigation (GB5084-92) .for irrigation 4 In the Thc*i'ical GradSelinesforEivniennltual Iimpact Assessmente(HJTJ. 1 -2.3-93, HJT 2.4-1995, HJTrl9-1997), classification is given to euvironm ental assessment of water, air, acoustic enviroiuienit and ecological enviromnmeit respeetively based oni the inmpact extent and scope of the project on individual assessment itent. This classificatioii system comprises three levels, i.e., Classl, Class2 and Class3, ranked in a decreasing order of inmpact extet and scope of the proposed project. II  water; (3) The Water Quality Standardfor Fishery (GB11607-89) forfishery water; (4) Class III of the Environmental Quality Standardfor Surface Water (GHZB 1-1999) The above standards will be adopted for the assessment of surface water quality of urban river section and urban downstrea,m river section. More information on different classes of surface water is presented in Chapter 4. 1.9.2 Drinking Water Quality Standard Sanitary standardfor Drinking Water Quality (GB S745-85) 1.9.3 Ambient Air Quality Standard (1) Class I15 of the Standardfor Ambient Air Quality (BG3095-1996) for the residential areas; (2) Maximum Concentration Limits of Air Pollutants for Farmland Crops Protection (GB9137-88). 1.9.4 Soil Quality Standard Environmental Quality Standardfor Soil (GB 15618-1995) 1.9.5 Standard for Pesticide Use (1) Standard for Safe Use of Pesticide (GB4285-89); (1) The WHO Recommended Classification of Pesiicides by Hazard and Guidelines to Classification 2001-01 (WHO/PCS/0I.4) 1.10 Assessnmnt Procedure The procedure for this ELA is presented in Fig. 1-1. 5 Air quality is divided into three classes in the StandardforAmbient Air Quality (BG3095-1996). Class I is applicable to natural reserves, scenic spots and other regions needing special protection; Class 11 is applicable to rural region and urban residential region; and Classlil is applicable to industrial region. 12  Assignment of EA Task Field Studies Identification of the Objectives of Environmental Assessment Selection of Environmental Impact Factors Social Environment IEcological Environment Physical Environment Environmental Impact Analysis Alternative Analysis |Social Enviroriment |Ecological Envirornment |Physical Enviromn Enviromenta hnac Environmental Standard Assessment s , ~~~Compilat'ion of Environmental CopltoIfE Mitigation Measures Monitoring and Management Report| Plan Fig. 1-1. Assessment Procedures for the EA of JIAMP 13   2 Policy, Legislation & Administration Framework As requested in the Notice on Strengthening the EA work for Construction Project with Loans from International Financial Institutions (Document NO.324), JIAMP has to implement the Chinese laws, regulations & standards on environmental protection (EP) and EA regulations and requirements. In addition to the relevant Chinese regulations on EA, the project should also follow the technical requirements of the World Bank. The EA report is subjected to review and approval of the State Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA). 2.1 Organizations & Administrative Framework At present, a system of unifonn environmental supervision and management is in place in China that is practiced by SEPA and local environmental protection bureaus (EPB) under the direction of the State Council. In addition to SEPA, each concerned ministry and commission has a separate environmental protection department that is responsible for sector environmental projects within their areas of interest. They are also ultimately under the supervision of SEPA. The organizational structure of environmental administrative is presented in Fig. 2-1. 2.2 National Policy & Strategy for Environmental Protection The environmental protection is considered as one of the major national policies in Clina. The long-tenn strategy is to develop projects that are both economically and environmentally sound. China has established an integrated legislative system for environmental protection. Thle Chinese legislation, regulations that JIAMP should follow include: > "The PRC Constitution ", mainly, Article 26, Section 2 of Article 9 and Section 5 of Article 10 spells out the provisions for the environmental protection, pollution control, rational utilization of nattural resources, protection of rare and precious animals and plants, and rational land use. These activities provide the basis and the guideline for legislation on EP in China; ' " The EP Law of PRC" (December, 1989); " "The Provisions on EP Management for Constnmction Projects" (Decree 253 of the State Council, 1998); > "The Circular on Improved Management of EIA for International' Financial Institution-Financed Projects" (No. 324). According to the requirements of Jiangxi Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau (JPEPB), JLAMP should follow the following rules/regulations. > "The Rules of Environmental Protection for Construction Projects in Jiangxi Province" (April 29,1995); 'r " Regulations on Pollution Prevention and Control in Jiangxi Province" (December, 2000). 15  2.3 WB Requirements According to the WB requirements, the EIA report for JIAMP should satisfy the following Bank policies: > Operational Policy 4. 01 EA > Operational Policy 4. 04 Natural Habitat > Operational Policy 4. 09 Disease/Pest Control > Operational Policy 4. 11 Cultural Heritage t Operational Policy 4.37 Dam Safety > WB Procedures 17.50 Information Disclosure EA team has reviewed and understood the above policies and would follow the technical requirements of the WB as outlined in the WB EA Source Book. |The State Councill ; ~~~~~Concemred SEPA l ~~Ministries/conurllssionlsi Maniagement FEP departlnents of Organizations of Main Provincial EPB Ministry/Cornunission L_~ -vEP Organizabion of Main MunicipalEPB cirEP O tn of Pmia River Basins EP Organs LmDprmn I T I ~~~~~of | County EPB Big/Medium _ EP Organs of Industnal Sector of_ Enterprises Prefecture/City Goveuents_ Environmental Staff in 6 Townshiip/conumunity EP Offilce of Induslrial Sectors of County Government EP Office of Small ,Enteiprise/Towinship Enterprisc Fig.2-I.Organizational Structure of Environmental Administrative Framework 16  3 Project Description Jiangxi Province is situated on the south bank of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River (Fig 3-1). Jiangxi Integrated Agricultural Modernization Project (JIAMP), a world-bank loan project, is an agricultural development project authorized by China State Development Planning Commission in 1998. The total project investnent is 1.54 billions yuan RMB, including World Bank loan about 100 millions US dollars. The project covers 96 irrigation districts scattered in 21 counties of Jiangxi Province, between geographic coordinates of 1130 35' to 1180 29'E and 240 29' to 30' 05'N. Fig. 3-2 presents the distribution of the project counties. 5 project counties were selected as the focus study areas that are presented in green color in Fig. 3-2. 3.1 Objectives of the Project 3.1.1 Project Area The proposed JIAMP covers 96 irrigation districts scattered in 21 counties under the jurisdiction of four municipalities of Jiujiang City, Ganzhou City, Fuzhou City and Shangrao City in Jiangxi Province. Hydrographically, except for project areas of Xunwu County and Pengze County, which lie in Pearl River catchment of Guangdong Province and Changjiang River watershed, respectively, the project areas of the other 19 counties are all situated in the Poyang Lake catchment, which lies south of the middle reach of Yangtze River in northern Jiangxi Province. Poyang Lake is the largest fresh water lake in China. It is a water- flowing through and seasonal lake accepting the water coming mainly from the five main river catchments in Jiangxi Province (Gan, Fu, Xing, Rao and Xiu). The drainage area of the Poyang Lake river system is 162,220 km2 and occupies about 97% of the total area of Jiangxi Province. Jiangxi Province, with a total area of 166,900 km2 including cultivated areas of 22,532 kmi2, has the jurisdiction over 11 cities and 99 counties (including county level cities and districts). The population of the province in 2000 was 41,485,400 in total, including 32,032,200 of rural population. Agricultural production in the project area includes fanning, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery. Based on the social-economical baseline survey of 15 typical project counties, most of the farmers in the project area are involved in paddy, oil plants (mainly including rape seed, peanut and oil tree) and vegetables production. Cash crops such as cotton, sugarcane, medicinal herb, fruits and mulberry are also planted in a smaller scale. The dominant crop is paddy and the average yield is about 374 kg/mu, equivalent to provincial average. Pig and poultry keeping based on 17   Fig.3-1 Geographic Position of Jiangxi Provice in China /, '-4,t'W i : , '., X X , 1,\': '1 ' 1 . rW . sS.7t 8; '01 . < ! \.~