Ukraine - Review of farm restructuring experiences

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Me)K.LJ:yHapO.LJ:Hhie .noHopcKHe rrpoeKTbi He CMOfJIH rrepeCTyiiHTb rropor Tpa.LJ:HU:HOHHOfO KOJIJieKTHBH3Ma ll CTaTb IIYCKOBbiM MexaHH3MOM MaCCOBOH rrepe)J;a'IH 3eMJIH OT rrpe.nrrpH5ITHH 'laCTHbiM X035IHCTBaM. PeopraHH38'-'HR XOJRHCTB H nepepacnpeAeileHHe JeMilH ("PoHKo" H MCI>K) 100% 80% 60% D V1HAI-1Bi-1AYailbHble 40% D KopnopaTI-1BHble 20% Xo3s:~lkrea PHCYHOK 2.2.  2. JlpoeKmbl peopzaHU3WfUU, ynpaBneHue KomopblMU ocyU{ecmBJIRIOm MeJICOyHapoiJHb!e omwpbl 17 YMepeHHhiM K03¢qmu;HeHT ,npo6JieHH5! 6a30BhiX X035!MCTB B HOBbie IOpH,nH:qeCKHe JIHIJ;a BO BCeX rrpoeKTaX peopraHH3aiJ;Hli X035!MCTB rrpe,nrronaraeT OTHOCH:TeJihHO He3HaqHTeJihHOe )'MeHhiiieHHe pmMepoB Tpa,nHu;HoHHhiX KpyrrHhiX X035!MCTB. Xo35!MCTBa- rrpaBorrpeeMHHKH B rrpoeKTe M<DK B cpe,nHeM 6onee qeM B,nBoe MeHhiiie 6moBhiX X035!MCTB, Ho, 3aHHMM rrnoiiJ;a,nh rroqTH 1 500 ra, OHH ocTaiOTC5! oqeHh KPYIIHhiMH no 6moBhiM MepKaM phmoqHoii 3KOHOMHKH (Ta6Jinu;a 2.6). 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Ba)I(HbiM ,ll;OCTII)KCHIICM ITpOeKTa cpiipMbi "POHKO" 51BJI51CTC51 HC,ll;aBHIIH ITepeXO,ll; K cpiiHaHCOBOH ITO,ll;,ll;Cp)I(KC ITOJiyqeHII51 ITpaB C06CTBCHHOCTII Ha 3eMJIIO B Bhi6paHHhiX X0351HCTBax. Ecnii ITpoeKT M<I>K o6eciTeqiiBaeT JIIIIIIh a.[J;MIIHIICTpaTIIBHJ'IO ITOMOII!h B periiCTpauiiii ITpaB C06CTBeHHOCTII, ITpiiqeM JIIIIIIb 20 YKpaww: Onblm peopzmm3a1Juu ce!lbCKOXo35lucmaeHHblX npeonpU5lmuu a YKpauHe pa60THHKaM, Bbiiiie,IJ;IIIHM H3 6biBIIIero KOJIJieKTHBa C ¢H3HqeCKHM yqaCTKOM 3eMJIH, ¢HpMa "PoHKo"/AMP ClllA nepeiiiJIH K paCIIIHpeHHIO ¢HHaHCOBOH nOMOIIJ;H B norryqeHHH aKTOB Ha npaBO C06CTBeHHOCTH ~IT~ BCeX aKUHOHepoB CeJibCKOX03~HCTBeHHOfO npe~npH~TH~ o~HoBpeMeHHO. CBbiiiie 20 000 aKTOB Ha npaBo co6cTBeHHOCTH, oxBaThiBaiOIIJ;HX76 000 ra 3eMJIH, 6hiJIO BhmaHO BCeM aKUHOHepaM B 48 X03~HCTBaX, peopraHH30BaHHbiX no npoeKTY ¢HpMbi "PoHKo" B 10 o6rracT~x. 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PmBHTHe pbiHKOB apeH)l;bi 3eMnH, HaXO,ll,51IIJ;eHC51 B qaCTHOH C06CTBeHHOCTH, B OTnrrqrre OT 3eMnH B rocy,ll,apCTBeHHOH H KonneKTHBHOH C06CTBeHHOCTH, 51Bn51eTC51 HOBbiM Bbi,ll,aiOIIJ;HMC51 pa3BHTHeM C06biTHH, BbiTeKaiOIIJ;HX H3 HaCT051IIJ;ero o6cne,ll,OBaHH51. Ta6JIHo;a 3.11. ApeH,ll,a 3eMnH qacTHhiMH ¢epMepaMH Bcero J1cToqmfKI1 apeH,ll,OBaHHOH 3eMJII1 qacTHbie Jm~a focy,ll,apcTBo KoJIJieKTHBHoe X03SIHCTBO PecrroH,ll,eHThi, apeH.ll.YIOIIJ,He 45% 17% 18% 12% 3eMJIIO % apeH,l),OBaHHOH 3eMJilf 46% 19% 15% 12% CpoK apeH,ll,hi 3-5 JieT I- 5 JieT 10- 15 JieT 3eMn51 rnaBHbiM o6pa30M apeH)l;yeTC51 Ha cpe,ll,HHH CpOK (Ta6JIHD;a 3.11): ,ll,OrOBOpbi o6 apeH)l;e 3aKnJOqaJOTC51 CpOKOM )1;0 5 neT, XOT51 He3HaqrrTenbHOe qrrcno ,ll,OrOBOpOB C rocyJJ:apcTBOM 3aKnJOqaeTC51 Ha I0 rr 50 neT. Y JJ:HBHTenhHO TO, qTo cpoK apeHJJ:bi 3eMnH y KonneKTHBHbiX X0351HCTB HaH60nbiiiHH - I 0 - I5 neT, HO ,ll,OCTYII K 3TOMY HCTOqHHKy OKa3biBaeTC51 6onee orpaHrrqeHHbiM, qeM K JJ:BYM JJ:pyrHM HCTOqHHKaM. l.J:yBCTBO Ha)l;e)J(HOCTH Bna)l;eHH51 3eMnell: rrpo51Bn51eTC51 y qacTHbiX cpepMepoB He oqeHh crrnhHO. MeHee rronoBHHhi peCIIOH,ll,eHTOB cqrrTaiOT, qTO COXpaH51T CBOIO qacTHYJO C06CTBeHHOCTb Ha 3eMniO B 6y,ll,yiiJ;eM, TOr,ll,a KaK 1/3 peCIIOH,ll,eHTOB He yBepeHbi B 3TOM.  4. <l>uuaHCOBhle pe3y Jib TaThl pafiOThl peopraHH30BaHHhiX CeJibCKOX03SIHCTBeHHhiX npe,IJ;npHSITHH 4.1. JlUK6U0HOCmb U 3GOO!lJICeHHOCmb EaJiaHc ceJihCKOX035IHCTBeHHhiX rrpe,n:rrpmiTIIH YKpaiiHhi cocTOIIT rnaBHhiM o6pa30M II3 OCHOBHhiX cpe,n:CTB II aKIIIIOHepHOro KaiiiiTaJia, Ha KOTOpbie IIpiiXO,ll;IITC5I OKOJIO 90% o6IIIeif C)'MMhi aKTIIBOB (Ta6JIHQa 4.1). B HOpMaJihHhiX pbiHO~HhiX ycJIOBIIHX ero MO)l{HO 6omo 6or c~IITaTh o~eHh )l{II3Hecrroco6HbiM 6aJiaHCOM, HOB YKpaiiHe (KaK II BO Bcex rrpo~IIX cTpaHax periioHa 6ommero CoBeTcKoro Cm03a) - 3TO Bcero JIIIIIIh pe3yJII>TaT rrepiiO,ll;II~eCKOH IIH,ll;eKCaiiiiii OCHOBHhiX cpe,n:CTB B IIHcpJI511!1IOHHbie rO,ll;bl. BoiCOKIIH IIOKa3aTeJib 6aJiaHCOBhiX OCHOBHbiX cpe,n:CTB II aKIIIIOHepHOrO KaiiiiTaJia a6COJIIOTHO He CB5I3aH C 3KOHOMII~eCKOH CTOIIMOCTbiO 3TIIX aKTIIBOB II rJiaBHhiM o6pa30M 5IBJI5IeTC5I MOIIIHhiM pe3epBOM rrepeOIIeHKII KaiiiiTaJia, C03,ll;aHHhiM B pe3yJioTaTe MexaHII~eCKOH IIH,ll;eKCai!IIII rrepBOHa~aJibHOH CTOIIMOCTII aKTIIBOB COOTBeTCTBeHHO K 06IIIeMy IIH,ll;eKCY IIeH. B TaKOH CIITyaiiiiii )l{eJiaTeJihHO COCpe,n:OTO~IITb BHIIMaHIIe Ha TeKYIIIIIX IIOKa3aTeJI5IX 6aJiaHCa, He IIO,n:Bepr1IIIIXC5I BJIII5IHIIIO rrepeOIIeHKII II rrpe,n:cTaBJI5IIOIIIIIX peaJihHYJO ,n:eHe)KHYJO CTOIIMOCTh. Ta6JIHQa 4.1. Cpe,n:H5I5I cTpyKTypa 6aJiaHca peopraHII30BaHHhiX X035IHCTB, 1996-1998 rr. (% OT 06IIIeif C)'MMhi aKTIIBOB) I 1996 I 1997 1 1998 06IIIa~ cyMMa aKTIIBOB, MJIH. rpH. 11 '1 10,1 10,1 AKTHBhl OcHOBHbie cpe)J,CTBa 88% 86% 83% 06opOTHbie cpe)J,CTBa 12% 14% 17% ToBapHo-MaTepiiaJibHbie 3anacbi 10% 12% 15% <l>IIHaHCOBbie o6opOTHbie cpe)J,CTBa 2% 2% 2% )J;e6JITOpcKa~ 3a)J,OJI)J{eHHOCTb 1% 1% 2% AKIIHOuepHhiH KanuTaJI u o6HJaTeJihCTBa AKQIIOHepHbiH KaniiTaJI 92% 89% 87% )J;oJirocpo•ma~ 3a)J,OJI)J{eHHOCTb 1% 0% 0% KpaTKocpoqHbie o6~3aTeJibCTBa 7% 11% 13% Kpe)J,IITopcKa~ 3a)J,OJI)J{eHHOCTb 6% 10% 11% B u,enoM (Ta6JIHQa 4.2), o6opoTHhie cpe,n:cTBa cpe,n:Hero X035IHCTBa rrpeBhiiiiaiOT KpaTKOCpO~Hhie 065I3aTeJihCTBa (KOMIIOHeHT ,ll;OJirocpo~HOH 3a,ll;OJI)l{eHHOCTII rrpeHe6pe)l{IIMO MaJihiH, MeHee 1% OT 06IIIeif C)'MMhi, II KpaTKOCpO~Hbie 065I3aTeJibCTBa Ha cero,n:mi rrpaKTII~ecKII rrpe,n:cTaBJIHIOT o6IIIYIO C)'MMY o6H3aTeJihCTB X035IHCTBa). B poiHO~HhiX ycJIOBII5IX 3TO 06bi~HO 03Ha~aeT, ~TO X035IHCTBO IIMeeT JIIIKBII,ll;HOCTh, ,ll;OCTaTO~HYJO ,ll;JI5I BhiiiJiaThi CBOIIX ,n:onroB. O,n:HaKo, rrpii 6onee BHIIMaTeJihHOM paccMOTpeHIIII crpyKTypor o6opOTHbiX cpe,n:CTB, BII,ll;HO, ~TO 3TO rJiaBHbiM o6pa30M TOBapHO-MaTepiiaJibHhie 3aiiaChi IIpii O~eHb He3Ha~IITeJibHOH C)'MMe cpiiHaHCOBhiX JIIIKBII,ll;HbiX aKTIIBOB, TaKIIX KaK ,n:e6IITOpCKM 3a,n:OJI)l{eHHOCTh (cMoTpii Ta6JIHQY 4.1). KpoMe Toro, ,n:oJIH TOBapHO-MaTepiiaJihHhiX 3arracoB B o6opOTHhiX cpe,n:cTBax B Te~eHIIe 1996 - 1997 rr. 3HaqJITeJihHO B03pocna. ToBapHo- MaTepiiaJihHhie 3aiiaChi He JierKO rrpeBpaTIITb B HaJIII~HOCTh; ~TO )l{e KacaeTC5I CeJibCKOrO X0351HCTBa YKpaiiHhi, 3TOT rroKa3aTeJih MO)l{eT 6oiTh 6onee, ~eM rrpe,n:BecTHIIKOM Toro, ~To 3TII TOBapHO-MaTepiiaJibHbie 3aiiaCbi He MOryr 6oiTb rrpo,n:aHHhiMII II, cpaKTII~eCKII, IIO,ll;Jie)l{aT 34 YKpauHa: o63op onbzma peopzaHu3alfUU ce!lbCKOX03RiicmeeHHblX npeonpURmuii CIUICaHIUO. EcJIH Mbl HCKJIIO'IHM ITOTeHI!llaJibHO HeJIHKBH,ll;Hbie TOBapHO-MaTepRaJibHbie 3aiTaChi ll3 aHaJIH3a ll OITpe,n:eJIHM COOTHOIIIeHHe Me)l(,n:y cpnHaHCOBbiMH H, Ha,n:eeMC.SI, 6onee JIHKBH,ll;HbiMH o6opOTHbiMH cpe,ll;CTBaMH ll KpaTKOCpO'IHbiMH 06.SI3aTeJibCTBaMH, TO ITOJIYlfllM TaK Ha3biBaeMbiH "K03cpcpHUHeHT cpO'IHOH JIHKBH,ll;HOCTH" ITOp.SI,n:Ka 0,20 (Ta6JIHU.3 4.2), KOTOpbiH 3Ha'IHTeJibHO HH)I(e KaKOrO 6bi TO Hll 6biJIO ITpHeMJieMOrO UeJieBOrO ITOKa3aTeJI.SI JIHKBH.ll:HOCTH. EIIIe o,n:HHM ITpH3HaKoM Hey.n;osneTsopnTeJibHOH JIHKBH,ll;HOCTH .SIBJI.SieTC.SI 'IeTKO ITpOCJie)I(HBaeMM TeH,n:eHI!ll.SI CHH)I(eHH.SI K03cpcpHI!HeHTa CpO'IHOH JIHKBH,ll;HOCTH Ha ITpODI)I(eHHH BpeMeHH: OHa CHH3HJiaCh C 0,25 B 1996 r. ,ll;O 0,16 B 1998 r. (Ta6JIUIJ.3 4.2). }b cpHHaHCOBbiX aKTHBOB MO)I(eT ITOraiiiaTbC.SI MeHee O,ll;HOH IT.SITOH KpaTKOCpO'IHbiX o6.SI3aTeJibCTB cpe,n:Hero X035IHCTBa. Ta6Jiuu.a 4.2. TeKyiiiHe K03cpcpnuneHThi: 1996-1998 rr. I 1996 I 1997 I 1998 0THOIIIemle o6opOTHbiX cpe)J.CTB K 1,7 1,2 1,3 KpaTKOCpoqHbiM o6x3aTeJihCTBaM 0THOIIIemJ:e .ne6tiTOpCKOH 3a)J.OJI)l(eHHOCTH K 0,25 0,19 0,16 Kpe)J.HTOpCKOH Yxy,n:IIIaiOIIIa.SIC.SI JIHKBH,n:Hocn X035IHCTB B YKpanHe TaK)I(e BH,n:Ha H3 R3MeH.SIIOIIIeiic.SI cTpyKTypni Kpe,n:nTOpcKoii 3a,n:OJI)I(eHHOCTH B Te'IeHHe 1996 - 1998 rr. (Ta6Jiuu.a 4.3). Ecnn 3a,ll;OJI)I(eHHOCTb ITOCTaBII!HKaM TOBapoB ll ycnyr OCTaJiaCb Ha ypOBHe 45%-50% OT 06IIIeH CyMMbi Kpe.n;HTOpCKOH 3a,ll;OJI)I(eHHOCTH, ,ll;OJI.SI KOMITOHeHTa ITpocpO'IeHHOH 3a,ll;OJI)I(eHHOCTH yseJIH'IHJiach. TeM He MeHee, cne.n;yeT 3aMeTHTh, 'ITO HecMoTp.SI Ha B03pacTaHne CyMM ITpocpO'IeHHOH 3a,ll;OJI)I(eHHOCTH, '!aCTOTa C006IIIeHHH peCITOH,ll;eHTOB 0 ITpocpo'IeHHbiX 06.SI3aTeJibCTBaX OCTaBaJiaCb Ha ITpOT5l)l(eHHH BpeMeHH Ha ypOBHe OKOJIO 75% Bbi6opKH 6e3 KaKHX-JIH60 ITpH3HaKOB CHCTeMaTH'IeCKOrO B03pacTaHH5I. 3a,n:OJI)I(eHHOCTb ITO YITJiaTe HaJIOrOB ll BbiiiJiaTe 3apa60THOH ITJiaTbi CTa6HJibHO COCTaBJI5IJia 30% OT CyMMbi Kpe,n:nTopcKoii 3a,n:omKeHHOCTH, 'ITO He YKa3biBaeT Ha KpHTH'IecKoe B03paCTaHHe 6peMeHH 06.SI3aTeJibCTB ITO OTHOIIIeHHIO K ITpaBHTeJihCTBY ll pa60THHKaM. Ta6Jiuu.a 4.3. CTpyKTypa Kpe,n:nTopcKoii 3a.n;oJI)I(eHHOCTH: 1996- 1998 rr. I 1996 I 1997 I 1998 06IIJ,aH cyMMa Kpe)J.HTOpCKOH 3a)J.OJI)l(eHHOCTH 0,7 1,0 1,2 (MJIH. rpH.) ToBaphi H ycnyrH 20% 20% 17% ITpocpoqeHHbie cqeTa 27% 25% 31% HanorH 21% 15% 16% 3aprrnaTa 13% 16% 15% ITpoqax Kpe.D.HTopcKax 3a.nomKeHHOCTh 19% 24% 21% O.n;Hoii H3 ITpH'IHH B03pacTaHH5l HeJIHKBH.IJ:HOCTH X035IHCTB B YKpaHHe O'IeBH.IJ:HO 5IBJI5leTC5l HX HeCITOC06HOCTb o6eciTe'IHTb ,ll;OCTaTO'IHbiH o6'beM peaJIH3ai!Hll. _na)l(e llrHOpHpy.SI 6peM5I HepeaJihHO OI!eHeHHbiX OCHOBHbiX cpe,ll;CTB, Mbl 06Hapy)I(HM, 'ITO Ka)I(,L(a.SI e,L(HHHI!a OCHOBHbiX cpe,n:CTB o6eciTe'IHBaJia ITOJIYlfeHHe JIHIIIb 0, 78 e,n:HHHI! BblpYlfKH B 1997 r. ll 0,42 - B 1998 r. (Ta6JIUQa 4.4). B 60JibiiiHHCTBe CJiy'IaeB OTHOIIIeHHe Bbipy'IKH K o6opOTHbiM cpe,n:CTBaM ITpeBbiiiiaeT 2; TaKHe Hll3KHe, HMeiOIIIHe TeH,ll;eHI!lliO K ,ll;aJihHeHIIIeMy CHH)I(eHHIO ITOKa3aTeJIH 51BJI51IOTC5l OTpa)l(eHHeM cepbe3HbiX ITp06JieM, CB513aHHbiX CO CITOC06HOCTbiO X0351HCTB o6eciTe'IHBaTb BblpYlfKY Ha OCHOBe CBOeH 6a3bl aKTHBOB.  4. c!JuHaHcoebze pe3yflbmambz pa6ombz peopzaHu3oeaHHblX CeJlbCKoxo3RucmeeHHblX npeonpU.H.muu 35 Ysemrqemre TosapHo-MaTepHaJihHhiX 3arracos- JIHIIIh O.IJ:HH CHMIITOM 3THX TPY.IJ:HOCTe:H:. OH TaK)l(e HeH36e)l(HO rrpHBO.IJ:HT K B03pacTaHHIO 6peMeHH 3a.IJ:OJI)l(eHHOCTH, orrpe.n:en5IeMo:H: OTHOCHTeJihHO rroKa3aTene:H: ro.n:osoro o6beMa peaJIH3aUHH. ITocKOJihKY o65!3aTeJihCTBa B KOHe~IHOM C'leTe IIOrarnaiOTC5I H3 BblpYlJKH, OTHOIIIeHH:e .IJ:OJira K BbipyqKe (TaK Ha3biBaeMbie "rO.IJ:hl Kpe.IJ:HTOBaHH5I") 5IBJI5IeTC5I IIOJie3HhiM IIOKa3aTeJieM 3a.IJ:OJI)l(eHHOCTH, OC06eHHO B CHTyaUH5IX, KOr.n:a IIpHMeHeHHe CTaH.IJ:apTHhiX IIOKa3aTeJieH COOTHOIIIeHH5I C06CTBeHHhiX H 3aeMHhiX cpe.IJ:CTB He HMeeT CMhiCJia BCJie.IJ:CTBHe rrepeoueHKH OCHOBHhiX cpe.IJ:CTB. 0THorneHHe .n:onros K peaJIH3aUHH .IJ:JI5I cpe.n:Hero X035IHCTBa B YKpaHHe yseJIH'IHJIOCh c 1,1 B 1997 r. .n:o 2,0 B 1998 r. (Ta6Jiuu:a 4.4). B 1997 r. .IJ:JI5I BhiiiJiaThi 3a.IJ:OJI)l(eHHOCTH rroTpe6osaJIC5I o6beM peaJIH3aum-r B pa3Mepe CBhirne ro.n:a; B 1998 r . .IJ:JI5I rrorarneHH5I .n:onra rroTpe6yeTC5I o6beM peaJIH3aUHH B pa3Mepe .n:syx neT. Orrpe.n:eJI5!5I TaKHM o6pa30M CIIOC06HOCTh X035IHCTB K IIOraiiieHHIO 3a.IJ:OJI)l(eHHOCTH, MO)l(HO 3aKJIIO'IHTh, 'ITO 3a.IJ:OJI)l(eHHOCTb B 1998 r. 3Ha'IHTeJibHO IIpeBbiCHJia 3a.IJ:OJI)l(eHHOCTb B 1997 f. Ta6Jiuu:a 4.4. Ko3cp_<ll_HUHeHThi o6o_paqHsaeMOCTH KaiiHTaJia, 1997 -1998 rr. I 1997 I 1998 0THOIIJeHiie peaJUBaQHH K 06IIJ,eH cyMMe aKTHBOB 0,10 0,07 0THOIIJeHH:e peaJIH3ai..J,HH K o6opOTHbiM cpe,ll,CTBaM 0,78 0,42 0THOIIIeHHe 3a)J,OJDKeHHOCTH K peaJIH3aQHH (rO)J,bl 1,1 2,0 Kpe,ll,HTOBaHHH) 4.2. Jlpu6blflbHOCmb Bcne.n:cTBHe HeH36e)l(HhiX rrocT05IHHhiX orrepauHoHHhiX pacxo.n:os, B5IJia5I peaJIH3aUH5I IIO'ITH aBTOMaTH'leCKH Be.IJ:eT K OIIepaUHOHHhiM y6niTKaM. 06IUHH .IJ:OXO.IJ: cpe.n:Hero X035IHCTBa B o6cne.n:osamm (BKJIIO'IM ueHOBhie .n:oTaumr Ha He3Ha'IHTeJihHOM yposHe - OKOJIO 1o/o OT peaJIH3aUHH) 6biJI He.IJ:OCTaTO'IHbiM .IJ:JI5I IIOKpbiTH5I ce6eCTOHMOCTH peaJIH30BaHHOH rrpo.n:yKUHH. ITo coo6meHH5IM ycpe.n:HeHHoro X035IHCTBa, rroTepH HMeJIH MeCTO .IJ:a)l(e .IJ:O pacrrpe.n:eneHH5I H,[(C (13%- 14% OT peaJIH3aUHH); B KOHe'IHOM pe3yJihTaTe, IIOTepH .IJ:OCTHrJIH 24% BblpYlJKH OT peaJIH3aUHH, IIOJiyqeHHOH B 1997 r. (Ta6JIHU:a 4.5). Pe3yJihTaTbl 3a 1998 r. IIOKa 'ITO rrpe.n:sapHTeJihHhie H 0 CHH)l(eHHH y6niTKOB CY.IJ:HTh eme paHO. Ta6Jiuu:a 4.5. CqeT rrpH6nme:H: H y6niTKOB peopraHH3osaHHhiX X035IHCTB I 1997 I 1998 (3-HH KB.) CosoKynHhiH ,ll,OXO,ll, (BKJUoqaH no,ll,ll,ep)l(aHwe I..J,eH) 1 100 TbiC. rpH. 720 TbiC. rpH. BbrpyqKa 100% 100% IloMep)l(aHHe I..J,eH 2% 1% H,ll;C 14% 13% Ce6ecTOHMOCTh peaJIH3oBaHHOH npo,ll,yKIIHH 111% 103% BaJioBaH npH6biJib -24% -15% l13 76 X035IHCTB B HCCJie.IJ:OBaHHH, C006IUHBIIIHX 0 3aTpaTaX H .IJ:OXO.IJ:aX, JIHIIIh 12 HMeJIH yqeTHYIO IIpH6hiJih B 1997 r.; OCTaJihHhie 64 X035IllCTBa 3apemcTpHpOBaJIH yqeTHbie IIOTepH (Ta6Jiuu:a 4.6). PeHTa6eJibHOCTh .IJ:JI5I .X035IHCTB c .n:oxo.n:aMH co 3HaKOM "+" 6nm 3Ha'IHTeJibHO HH)l(e "K03cpcpHUHeHTa y6niTO'IHOCTH" .IJ:JI5I X035IHCTB C .IJ:OXO.IJ:aMH CO 3HaKOM "- ". 3TO, KOHe'IHO, IIpHBeJIO K cpe.IJ:HHM .IJ:OXO.IJ:aM Ha X035IHCTBO B Bhi60pKe CO 3HaKOM "-". KpoMe Toro, B Bhi6opKe OTcyTcTsyeT rrocne.n:osaTeJihHOCTh rrpH6biJihHOCTH X035IHCTB: H3 12 36 YKpaww: o63op onbzma peopzaHU3GlfUU cellbCKOX03Rucm6eHHbZX npeonpURmuu X0351HCTB, C006lll;IiBIIIlfX 0 I1pH:6biJI51X B 1997 If 1998 rr., Jilflllh 3 ITO.JI)"'lfJilf I1pH:6biJilf B o6a rrepH:o,na. B rrorrhiTKe pa3pemH:Th rrpo6rreMy OTCYTCTBlf51 JilfKBlf.[{HOCTlf B ClfCTeMe B pe3yJihTaTe llllipOKOMaCIIITa6HbiX y6hiTKOB If HeCITOC06HOCTlf o6ecrre"l!ll:Th .[{OCTaTO"l!HhiH o6opOT, ceJibCKOX0351HCTBeHHhie rrpe,nrrpli51Tlf51 rrepeXOMT Ha ITOBCeMeCTHOe 3aKJIIO"l!eHH:e 6apTepHbiX corrraiiieHlfii KaK c rroKyrraTeJI51Mlf, TaK If pa6oTHlfKaMlf. 11ccrre,noBaHH:e Bhl51BlfJIO cyrn;eCTBeHHyiO .[{eMOHeTlf3al(lfiO peaJIH:3al(lflf; TaK, B 1997 If 1998 rr. 6apTep COCTaBlfJI OKOJIO 40% BblpYl:JKlf. Tpy,nOBhie OTHOIIIeHlf51 TaK)I(e CTaHOB51TC51 3Ha'1H:TeJibHO ,[{eMOHeTlf3lipOBaHHhiMlf B YCJI0Blf51X BhiiTJiaTbl HaTypoii OKOJIO 60% 3aprrrraThl (B cpeL(HeM 90 rpn./"l!err. B Mec. lfJilf oKorro 36 .norrrrapoB CIIIA/"l!err. B Mec.). B uerroM, ,n:Be TpeTlf pyKOBO.[{ll:Terreii X0351HCTB C006InlfJilf 0 pOCTe KOJilfl:JeCTBa 6apTepHbiX orrepal(lfH If BhiiTJiaThl 3aprrrraThi HaTypoii B Te"l!eHH:e rrepexo.nnoro rrepH:o,na. Ta6JIHUa 4.6. f1pli6hiJibHOCTh B e,nH:Hlfl(aX K03cpcplil(lfeHTa peaJilf3al(lflf: OTHOllleHH:e ~I 6hiTKOB K pearrH:3al(lflf rrpH: 6hiJielffyt ('Xo pearrH:3aUH:lf) 1997 1998 Ilpii6hmw'y6hiTKII KoJI.WieCTBO Ilpii6biJIWy6hiTKII KoniiqecTBo B % peanmau,IIII X03llllCTB B % peaniiJaiJ,IIII X03llllCTB Xo3srifcTBa, coo6lll,HBIIIHe o 11% 12 15% 12 I1pi16binHX X0351HCTBa, coo6lll,HBIIIHe o6 -36% 64 -26% 61 y6hnKax Xo351HCTBa, coo6lll,HBIIIHe o 6% 3 16% 3 rrpH6hmHx B o6a rrepHop,a Xo3HHCTBa, coo6lll,HBIIIHe o6 -39% 55 -29% 53 y6hrTKax B o6a rrepHop,a B u.enoM B Bhr6opKe -24% 76 -17% 73 4. 3. CmpyKmypa 3ampam u molJKG pa6Ho6eCU5l I1pH:o6peTeHHhie MaTepmliihHo-TeXHI-I'lecKlfe pecypcbi If pa6o'la51 clfrra 51BJI51IOTC51 OCHOBHbiMlf KOMITOHeHTaMlf I1pOli3BO.[{CTBeHHhiX 3aTpaT B CeJihCKOM X0351HCTBe, COCTaBJI5151 B CYMMe OKOJIO 75% COBOKYITHhiX 3aTpaT (Ta6JIHUa 4.7). 113 I1pH:06peTeHHhiX MaTepH:aJibHO- TeXHlf'leCKlfX pecypCOB, Tpli KOMITOHeHTa - KOpMa .[{JI51 )l(lfBOTHhiX, TOITJilfBO If BHeiiiHlfe ycrryrlf - COCTaBJI51IOT OCHOBHYIO "llaCTh 3aTpaT Ha MaTepliarrhHO-TeXHlfl:JeCKlfe pecypcbi ( CBhiiiie 60%; CMOTpli Ta6JIHUY 4.8).  4. C/JUHaHCOBble pe3yJlbmambl pa6ombl peopzaHU30BGHHblX CeJlbCKOX035l"UCmBeHHblX npeOnpURmUU 37 Ta6nm:.~;a 4.7. CTpyKTypa 3aTpaT, 1997-1998 rr. (B% OT COBOKYIIHhiX rrpoH3BO.IJ:CTBeHHhiX 3aTpaT) l 1997 l 1998 (3-mi KBapnn) MaTepHaJihHO-TeXHHqecKHe pecypcbr 61 62 Pa6oqa5I cmm 14 13 Cou,HaJihHhre ycnyrH 6 6 AMopTmau,H5I 14 11 ITpoqHe 3aTpaThr 6 7 CosoKyrrHhre 3aTpaTbi (ThiC. rpH.) 2 300 1 600 EcnH rrpHo6peTeHHhie MaTepHanhHO-TeXHHqecKHe pecypcni HBJIHIOTCH rrepeMeHHhiMH 3aTpaTaMH, pa6oqag CH:na B ycnOBHHX YKpaH:Hhl ITO CyiiieCTBY OTHOCHTCH K IIOCTOHHHhiM 3aTpaTaM, IIOCKOJihKY CeJibCKOX035IHCTBeHHbie rrpe,n:npHHTHH Tpa,n:H~HOHHO HeOXOTHO paccTaiOTCH c pa6oqeif CHnoH:, ,n:a)l{e B ycnoBHHX ee oqeBH,n:Horo H36hiTKa. TaK, 90% PYKOBO.IJ:HTeneH: coo61IIHJIH, qTo B cnyqae HeB03MO)l{HOCTH BhmnaTHTh 3apnnary, OHH rrpocTo 3a,n:ep)l{aT ee BhiiiJiaTy HJIH OTIIpaBHT pa6oqH:X B OTIIyCK. JIH:IIIh OKOJIO 20% pyKOBO)J,H:Teneif H3b51BHJIH )l(eJiaHHe paCCMOTpeTb )J,Ba pa,n:HKaJihHhiX BapHaHTa Bbi60pa, CB513aHHhiX C COKpaiiieHH:eM pa6oqeif CHJibi HJIH CHH:)l{eHH:eM 3aprrnaThi. KpoMe CTa6H:JihHOCTH 3aTpaT Ha pa6oqYI0 CHny, eiiie 15%-20%, COCTaBJ151IOIIIHe paCXO)J,hi Ha CO~HaJibHbie ycnyrH H aMOpTH3a~HOHHbie OTqHCJieHH51, TaK)l{e B CYIIIHOCTH 51BJ151IOTC51 rrocT051HHhiMH 3aTpaTaMH. TaKHM o6pa30M, cenncKOX0351HCTBeHHhie rrpe.n:rrpH51TH51 YKpaHHhl pa60TaJIH B 1997-1998 rr. B ycnOBHHX CTpyKTypnl 3aTpaT, B KOTOpOH OKOJIO 30% COCTaBJ151JIH IIOCT051HHhie 3aTpaThl H 70%- rrepeMeHHhie. Ta6nnu;a 4.8. CTPYKTypa 3aTpaT Ha MaTepHanhHo-TeXHHqecKHe pecypcbi: 1997-1998 rr. (B % 061IIHX 3aTpaT Ha MaTepHaJihHO-TeXHH:qecKHe pecypCbi) I 1997 I 1998 CeMeHa H ca)KeHIJ,hi 11 11 KopMa )J,JI5I )KHBOTHhiX 27 26 ITpoMe)KYTOqHhre rrpo.n:yKThi 7 4 Y.n:o6peHH5I 6 6 TorrJIHBO 16 16 3neKTpo:meprH5I 5 5 0TOIIJieHHe 1 2 3arrqacni 10 9 BHernHHe ycnyrH 16 21 CosoKyrrHhre 3aTpaThi Ha MaTepHaJihHO- 100 100 TeXHHqecKHe pecypchr ITpH ¢aKTHqecKoM ypoBHe orrepa~HH, X0351HCTBa coo61IIHJIH o6 y6niTKax B pa3Mepe oKono 20% oT peanH3a~HH ( CMOTpH Ta6nnu;y 4.5). HacKonhKO .n:on)l{eH B03pacTH o6neM peanma~HH, qT06ni X0351HCTBa .n:ocTHrnH ypoBH51 6e3y6niToqHoCTH? I1pocTOi1 aHanH3 6e3y6niTOqHOCTH Ha OCHOBe H:MeiOIIIeHC51 CTpyKTypni 3aTpaT H ,n:eHCTBH:TeJihHOrO K03¢<l>H~HeHTa y6niTOqHOCTH CBH)J,eTeJibCTByeT 0 TOM, qTO )J,J151 IIOKpbiTH51 CBOHX orrepa~HOHHhiX 3aTpaT X0351HCTBa )J,OJI)I(Hbl yBeJIH:qHTh ypoBeHh peaJIH3a~HH B CpaBHeHHH C 1997 r. 6onee qeM B)J,BOe ( CMOTpH BCTaBKy H Puc. 4.1 ). TaKHM o6pa30M, rrepexo,n: OT 38 YKpauna: o63op onbzma peopzanu3alfUU ceJlbCKOX03RucmeennbZX npeiJnpURmuu y6hiTKOB K IIpH6hiJUIM OCyiiieCTBHTh HerrerKO li )l,JISI TOfO, qTo6hi X03HHCTBa CTaJili peHTa6eJihHhiMH, Tpe6yiOTCH pa,ll,HKaJihHhie rrepeMeHhi. AHanH3 6e3y6bJT0'4HOCTH peopraHH30BaHHbiX xo3JuitcTB TbiC. 3 .......................................................................................... . 2 ......... . ... ·t ....................................... . I I I I ... ·I ....................................... . I 1 To"'Ka paBHosecHSl : (paBeHCTBO Bblp~KI1 11 3aTpaT) = 2,250 2 3 4 TbiC. PHCYHOK 4.1. napaMeTpbl: nony~eHHaf! Bblpy~Ka1 000; y6biTK11 200; nOCTOf!HHble 3aTpaTbl 360; nepeMeHHble 3arpaTbl 0,84 or peam13al...\1111 EcJUI P(97) cocTaBJU!eT o6oeM peamnarum 3a 1997 r. I1 X03Hi1cTBa coo6mHmi o6 y6hiTKax B pa3Mepe -0,2P(97) (T.e. 20% OT peaJIH3aiJ,HH), TOr,L(a COBOKYITHble 3arpaTbl B 1997 r. COCTaBJIHIOT C3(97) = 1,2P(97). l13 :nofi cyMMbi, 0,3 C3(97) = 0,3 X 1,2P(97)- ITOCTOHHHhie 3arpaTbi, a 0,7 C3(97) = 0,7 X 1,2P(97) - rrepeMeHHhie 3arpaThL Ko3<fJ<fJHu,HeHT rr = 0, 7 x 1,2 paccMarpHBaeTCH KaK rrepeMeHHhie 3aTpaThi Ha e.nHHHuy peanmoBaHHofi rrpo.nyKUHH B peanhHhiX ycnOBHHX. TaKHM o6pa30M, cTaH.napTHYJO 3aBHCHMOCTh 6eJy6hnoqHoCTH (HaXO)I(.L\eHHe HYJieBofi rrpH6hiJIH) MO)I(HO H3o6pa3HTh B cne.n)'IOIUefi <!JopMe: 0 = P- 0,3 x 1,2P(97)- 0,7 x 1,2P = (1- 0,7 x 1,2)P- 0,3 x 1,2P(97), r,D;e P(97)- <PaKTrrqecKaH Bhlp)"'Ka 3a 1997 r. (orrpe,D;eJIHIOII.(aH KOMIIOHeHT IIOCTOHHHbiX 3alpaT), a p- HCKOMbiH 6e3y6hiTOqHhiH o6beM peanmau,IIH ( orrpe.neJIHIOUIHH ,L(OXO,L(bl H rrepeMeHHble 3arpaTbi). PeiiiHB 3TO ypaBHeHHe .L(JIH P/P(97), rrOJI)"'HM: P/P(97) = 0,3 X 1,2/(1- 0,7 x 1,2) = 2,25 (*) ,[J:pyrHMH CJIOBaMH, ,L(JIH ,L\OCTH)I(eHHH ypOBHH 6e3y6hiTOqHOCTH, cpe,L(Hee X03HHCTBO ,L(OJI)I(HO ITOJ!y<IHTh BbipyqKy, paBHYJO rrocryrrneHHHM 3a 1997 r., yMHO)I(eHHhiM Ha 2,25. 3aBHCHMOCTh (*) .L(JIH P/P(97) MO)I(HO nerKo CKoppeKTHpOBaTh .L(JIH Mo.nenHpoBamiH .npymx crpyKryp 3aTpaT H K03<fJ<fJHIJ,HeHTOB y6hiTOqHOCTH. 0THOIIIeHHe ITOCTOHHHbiX 3aTpaT K rrepeMeHHhiM (B [997 r.) Bbipa)l(aeTCH, COOTBeTCTBeHHO, qHCJiaMH 0,3 H 0,7, TOr,L(a KaK K03<fJ<fJHIJ,HeHT 1,2 I10Ka3biBaeT, qTo COBOKYITHbie 3arpaTbl B 1997 r. Ha 20% rrpeBhiiiiaJIH Bblp)"'KY 3a 1997 r., qTO rrpHBeJIO K 20% Ko3<fJ<fJHUHeHry y6hiToqHoCTH OT peanH3aUHH. B rrapaMerpHqecKofi <!JopMe (*) MO)I(HO JarrHcaTb KaK: P\P(97) = rr(Tio3) x (1 - rrpH6.)/(l - rr(Tie3) x (1- rrpH6.) (**) 3.nech rr(Tio3), rr(Tie3) rrpe,L\CTaBJIHIOT ,L\01110 ITOCTOHHHhiX Ii rrepeMeHHhiX 3arpaT B COBOKyiTHbiX 3arpaTaX (3TH .L(Be ,L(OJIH eCTeCTBeHHO COCTaBJIHIOT B CYMMe 1), a rrpH6. HBJIHeTCH K03<fJ<fJm~HeHTOM rrpH6biJihHOCTH (co 3HaKOM "+", B cnyqae OTqeTHOH I1pH6hiJIIi Ii CO 3HaKOM "-", B cnyqae OTqeTHhiX y6hiTKOB). I13MeHHH 3TH rrapaMelpbi B <fJopMyne (**), Mbl MO)I(eM paccqHTaTh 6e3y6hiTOqHOCTb ,L(JIH JII06ofi rpe6yeMofi crpyKryphr 3arpaT Ii 11106oro .naHHOro ypoBHH y6hiTKOB.  5. Co~HaJihHaH HHCf>pacTpyKrypa H yposeHh :tKH3HH 5.1. CoZJUa.flbHble yc;zyzu 11a cefle PeopraHH30BaHHbie cenbCKOX03srifcTBeHHbie rrpe.n:rrpHSITHSI rrpo.n:omKruoT o6ecrre~msaTh IIIHpOKHH Ha6op COI!HaJibHbiX ycnyr If BbiiiJiaT CBOHM pa60THHKaM. TaK, 60% X03SIHCTB o6ecrre~mBaiOT IIpSIMbie <}:>HHaHCOBbie BbiiiJiaTbi, KOTOpbie rJiaBHbiM o6pa30M BKJIIOqaJOT IIOC06HSI MHOro.n;eTHbiM CeMbSIM (50% peCIIOH,ll;eHTOB), yqaiUHMCSI (20%), ,li;OIIJiaTy Ha IIpOBe.n;eHHe OTIIYCKOB ( 10%) If ,ll;a)l(e KOMIIeHCai!HIO B CBSI3H C HH<}:>JISII!HOHHbiM rroshuneHHeM I!eH (1 0%). KpoMe rrpsrMbiX <}:>HHaHCOBbiX BbiiiJiaT, cenhcKoxo3srifcTseHHhie rrpe.n;rrpHSITHSI IIOBCeMeCTHO rrpe,li;OCTaBJISIIOT IIOMOIUb B o6pa60TKe IIpHyca.n;e6HbiX yqaCTKOB Ha cene (85% rrpe.n;rrpHSITHH) If IIO-IIpe)l(HeMy SIBJISIIOTCSI HCTOqHHKOM IIpO.D:OBOJibCTBeHHbiX rrpo.n;yKTOB H TpaHcrropTHbiX ycnyr (rrpe.n:ocTaBJISIIOTcsr rroqTH 3/4 rrpe.n;rrpHSITHif). Ta6JIH~a 5.1. ,ll;eMOHCTpHpyeT Ha6op He<}:>HHaHCOBbiX ycnyr If BbiiiJiaT ,li;OMaiiiHHM X03SIHCTBaM, o6ecrreqHBaeMbiX CeJibCKOX03SIHCTBeHHbiMH rrpe.n;rrpHSITHSIMH. Ta6JIH~a 5.1. IIpe.n:ocTasneHHe cenbcKoxo3srifcTBeHHbiMH rrpe.n:rrpHSITHSIMH ycnyr .n:nsr ,li;OMaiiiHHX X03SIHCTB (% 06IUero KOJIIfqeCTBa ceJibCKOX03SIHCTBeHHbiX rrpe.n;rrpHSITHH B 6 Bbi opKe ) Tipe.n:ocTaBnemfe EecrrnaTHO Tio IJo pb!H04HbiM ycnyr JJ:OTHpOBaHHbiM CTaBKaM CTaBKaM BcnaiiiKa npeyca.ne6HhiX 85 27 56 2 y'IaCTKOB PHTYaJihHbie yc.JI}TH 84 55 29 -- TipO,li,OBOJlbCTBeHHbie 73 9 57 7 npo.nyKThi TpaHcnopT 71 8 58 5 Crpo.HTeJihCTBO H peMOHT 49 4 31 14 )!(IfJlhH IiJ:CIIOJib30BaHHe 31 3 22 6 Be,LJ,OMCTBeHHOrO )!(If.JlhH il.eHrpaJibHOe OTOIIJieH.He, 29 -- 22 7 IIe'IHOe TOIIJI.HBO Bo.na 29 9 14 6 raJ 9 -- 3 6 3rreKrpo:mepr.HH 9 1 2 6 TipOMbiiiiJieHHbie TOBapbl 8 -- -- 8 lliHpOKOMaCIIITa6HM rrpaKTHKa rrpe,li;OCTaBJieHHSI 6eCIIJiaTHbiX ycnyr pa60THHKaM X03SIHCTB 60Jibiiie He HCIIOJib3yeTCSI (Ta6JIH~a 5.1). B CYIUHOCTH, e,li;HHCTBeHHOH 6ecrrnaTHoif ycnyroif srsnsriOTcsr rroxopoHhi. MexaHH3HposaHHOe o6cny)l(HBaHHe rrpHyca.n;e6Horo yqacTKa, oqeHb Ba)l(HbiH KOMIIOHeHT COI!HaJibHOif c<):>epbi Ha cene, ceifqac OCyiUeCTBJISieT 6eCIIJiaTHO JIHIIIb qeTBepTb rrpe.n;rrpHSITHH; 6onee IIOJIOBHHbi CeJibCKOX03SIHCTBeHHbiX rrpe.n;rrpHSITHH rpe6YIOT OIIJiaqHBaTb :ny Ba)l(HYIO ycnyry,. XOTSI If B .n;oTHpoBaHHoif <):>opMe. CBbiiiie 80% cenhcKoxo3srifcTneHHbiX rrpe.n:rrpHsrTHif Tpe6YIOT orrnaThi rrpoqlfX ycnyr, BKJIIOqaSJ: IIpO,li;OBOJibCTBeHHbie IIpO.D:YKTbi If TpaHCIIOpT, HO TaK)!(e, rJiaBHbiM o6pa30M, B ,li;OTHpOBaHHOH <}:>opMe. 40 YKpauHa: o63op onbtma peopzaHu3a!Juu ce!lbCKOX03RucmeeHHblX npeonpURmuu PyKoBo.r:unemr X035IHCTB c~MTaiOT, ~To ~acTHbie <lJepMepor B MX perMOHe MMeiOT ,nocTyn KO BCeM OCHOBHbiM ycrryraM (BKJIIO~a5I ,UeTCKMe Ca,Uhi, IIIKOJihi, TpaHCnOpT, Me,UM[(MHCKYIO nOMOI[(b, )J(JiJihe li KOMMYHaJihHbie ycrrynr) HapaBHe C pa60THliKaMli CeJibCKOX035IHCTBeHHhiX npe,nnpH5ITMii. ,.O:eiicTBMTeJibHO, no coo6meHM5IM, ~acTHbie <lJepMepbi KaK npaBMJIO He )J(aJIOBaJIMCh Ha Tpy,nHOCTM, CB5I3aHHhie c B03MO)J(HOCThiO nocemeHM5I MX ,neTbMM ,UOIIIKOJihHbiX y~pe)J(,UeHMH, IIIKOJI, a TaK)J(e B ,UOCTyne K Me,Uli[(liHCKOH nOMOI[(li li KOMMYHaJihHhiM ycrryraM. 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CerrhCKOX035IHCTBeHHhie npe,nnpH5ITM5I KaK o6oi~Ho He nrraT5IT 3apnrraTy pa6oTHMKaM YKa3aHHbiX npe,nnpH5ITlill li He o6ecne~MBaiOT liM HMKaKOll ,UeHe)J(HOH no.rmep)J(Kli. 0cHOBHa5I noMOI[(h nocTynaeT ~epe3 ,noTHpoBaHHbie o6crry)J(MBaHMe M KOMMYHaJihHbie ycrryrM, a TaK)J(e nOCTaBKli npO,UOBOJibCTBeHHbiX npo,nyKTOB (Ta6JIHIJ;a 5.2). Ta6JIHIJ;a 5.2. 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O,nHaKo 3To pe3yJioTaT coKpameHM5I o6oeMa ycrryr, a He nepe,na~M o6oeKTOB CO[(MaJihHOH c<lJephi M ycrryr MecTHhiM CoBeTaM, KaK 3Toro Tpe6yeT 3aKoH. Ta6JIHu;a 5.3 ,neMoHcTpHpyeT, ~To B rr~IIIeM c~ae 25%-30% cerrhCKOX035IHCTBeHHhiX npe,nnpH5ITMii nepe,narrM HeKoTopore CBOM aKTMBhi CO[(MaJihHOH c<lJepbi cerrhCKMM CoBeTaM, TOr,na KaK 60Jihiiia5I ~aCTb X035IHCTB He npe,nnpHH5IJia KaKMX-JIM60 ,nefiCTBlill (nepe,na~a aKTliBOB npe,nnpH5ITMIO-npaBOnpeeMHMKy TaK)J(e 03Ha~aeT, no cyi[(eCTBy, 6e3,UeHCTBMe, nOCKOJihKY nocrre,nHee npO,UOJI)J(aeT HeCTli OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb 3a 3TH aKTliBbi 3a C~eT CBOMX onepa[(MOHHhiX ,UeHe)J(HbiX nOTOKOB). f1pMBaTM3a[(li5I 5IBJI5IeTC5I 6e3yCJIOBHO 3<lJ<lJeKTliBHbiM  5. Co!JUanbHaR uHrjJpacmpyKmypa u ypoeeHb J/CU3HU 4I Bapi:IaHTOM Bbi60pa ITIUIIb ,[(n5I Be,IJ;OMCTBeHHOrO )KIIJib5!, HO ,IJ;a)Ke 3TOT Bbi60p IICIIOJib30BaJIO MeHee 1/3 X035IMCTB. Ta6JIHna 5.3. ITepe,IJ;aqa o6'beKTOB COUIIaJibHOM c<Pepbi ceJibCKOX035IMCTBeHHbiMII rrpe.IJ:IIpii5ITII5IMII (o/co rr_pe,IJ;rr JII5ITIIII ~) 0TC)'TCTBHe Tiepe,ZJ,aHhi Tiepe,ZJ,aHhi TipHBaTH3HpOBaHbl ,ZJ,eHCTBHM npe,ZJ,npmnmo- CeJihCKOMY npasonpeeMHHKY Cosezy )l{HJihe 47 I6 7 30 ,r:(OIIIKOJibHhie 54 I9 2I 2 yqpe)K)J,eHH~ illKOJihl 66 6 27 -- Kny6hi, npe,ZJ,npH~TH~ 45 I5 3I -- KYJibTypbl EH6JIHOTeKH 62 9 26 -- Me,ZJ,y4pe)K)J,eHII~ 65 13 2I I PecTopaHhi, Kacpe 54 35 6 4 Bo,ZJ,onpoBO)J,hi 54 20 14 6 ):(opom 52 26 II 5 BcJie,[(CTBIIe MaJIOH Bbi60pKII HepeopraHII30BaHHbiX X035IMCTB, pa3HIIUa B CTpyKType rrpe,IJ;OCTaBJieHII5! COUIIaJibHbiX ycnyr II IIOMep)KKII rrpe,Il;IIpii5ITIIM COUIIaJibHOM c<Pepbl peopraHII30BaHHbiMII II HepeopraHII30BaHHbiMII CeJibCKOX035IMCTBeHHbiM rrpe,Il;IIpii5ITII5IM He rrpocJie)KIIBaeTC5!. B rronoBIIHe X035IMCTB 3a,IJ;OJI)KeHHOCTb rro BbiiiJiaTe rocy,IJ;apcTBeHHbiX rreHCIIM CeJibCKIIM rreHCIIOHepaM COCTaBJI5IeT OT 3 ,[(0 6 MeC5!UeB. B CBOIO oqepe,IJ;b, % CeJibCKOX035IMCTBeHHbiX rrpe,Il;IIpii5ITIIM 3a,IJ;ep)KIIBaiOT OTqiiCJieHIIe BbiiiJiaT B <PoH,[( COUIIaJibHOrO o6ecrreqeHII5! IIpii cpe,IJ;HIIX HaKOIIJieHHbiX 065!3aTeJibCTBaX B pa3Mepe OKOJIO 200 000 rpH. (80 000 .IJ:OJIJiapoB ClliA). 5.2 CeMeill-tbzu ooxoo aKlfUOHepo6 ceJZbcKoxo3flucm6eHHbZX npeonpuRmuu Cpe,IJ;HIIH ,IJ;eHe)KHbiH ,IJ;OXO.IJ: .IJ:OManmero X0351IIcTBa B Bhi6opKe cocTaBJI51eT 136 rpH. B MeC5IU (55 ,IJ;OJI. ClliA). OH OCHOBaH Ha ,IJ;eiicTBIITeJibHbiX ,IJ;eHe)KHbiX rroCTyrrneHII51X, B TOM qiicne KOMIIOHeHTa 3aprrnaTbi B ,IJ;eHe)KHOM Bbipa)KeHIIII. CTpyKTypa ceMeiiHoro ,IJ;eHe)KHOro ,IJ;oxo,IJ;a ,IJ;eMOHCTpiipyeTc5! B rrepBoif KOJIOHKe Ta6JIHnhi 5.4: 46% ,IJ;eHe)KHoro ,IJ;oxo,IJ;a COCTaBJI5IeT 3aprrJiaTa II rreHCII5I; ellle 39% - 3TO ,IJ;eHe)KHbiH ,[(OXO,[( OT rrpiiyCa,IJ;e6Horo yqacTKa. O,IJ;HaKo, JIIIIIIb oTHOCIITeJibHO MaJia51 qacTb 3aprrnaTbi ,IJ;eifcTBIITeJibHO BbUIJiaqiiBaeTC5! ,IJ;eHbraMII: JIIIIIIeHHbie ,IJ;eHe)KHbiX cpe,IJ;CTB rrpe,Il;IIpii51TII51 B 3HaqiiTeJibHOH Mepe IIOJiaraiOTC51 Ha BbiiiJiaTy 3aprrJiaTbi CBOIIM pa60THIIKaM HaTypoif (rrpO,Il;OBOJibCTBeHHbiMII IIpO.IJ:YKTaMII II CeJibCKOX0351MCTBeHHbiMII MaTepiiaJibHO- TeXHIIqeCKHMif pecypcaMH). CTOHMOCTb 3aprrJiaTbi, IIOJiyqeHHOH B HaType, rroqTif Y.IJ:BaHBaeT cpe.IJ:HeMecJiqHbiM .IJ:OXO.IJ:, rroBbiiiia51 ero co 136 rpH. (55 ,IJ;onnapoB ClliA) .IJ:O 245 rpH. (rroqTH 100 ,IJ;OJIJiapoB ClliA). ITpH TaKOM paccMoTpeHHH ceMeiiHoro ,IJ;OXO,IJ;a 3aprrnaTa HaTypoM: COCTaBJI5IeT 44% COBOKYIIHOrO ,[(OXO,[(a ( CMOTpH BTOpYJO KOJIOHKY B Ta6JIHne 5.4). 42 YKpaww: o63op onbzma peopzmm3alfUU ceJibCKOX035liicmeeHHblX npeonpUJJmuii Ta6mu.-a 5.4. CTpyKrypa ceMeilHoro JJ:OXOJJ:a rrp11 pa:m11qHbiX JJ:OIIyll(eHI151X (Ha ocHoBe orrpoca 697 CeMel1 B Bbl6 OpKe ) l1CKJIIO'·!H- )J,eHe)!(HbiH )J,eHe)!(HbiH ,UOXO,U )J,eHe)!(HhlH J~OXO,U, TeJihHO ,UOXO,U l-1 l-1 CTOllMOCTb 3aprmaTa Ha1ypoil u ,UeHe)!(HhiH CTOllMOCTb rrorpe6JieHHli CTOHMOCTb ,UOXO,U 3aprrJiaTbi B IIpO,UyKTOB C IIOTpe6JieHllll Harype rrpeyca.ue6Horo IIpO.UyKTOB C yqacTKa rrpuyca.ue6Horo yqacTKa Mecli'IHhiH ceMeHHhiH 136 rpH. 245 rpH. 225 rpH. 334 rpH. )J,OXO)J, $US 55 US$ 100 US$ 90 US$ 135 3aprmaTa HarypoH: - 44% - 33% 3apnnaTa .LJ,eHhraMM 23% 13% 14% 9% IleHCM51 23% 13% 14% 9% TipoqMe nM'IHhie 5% 3% 3% 2% )J,OXO)J,hl ,[l,oxo.LJ, OT peanu3a~MM 39% 22% 24% 16% npo.LJ,yK~MM C npMyca.LJ,e6Horo yqacTKa IJpoqa51 )J,e51TeJ1bHOCTb 11% 6% 7% 4% Y CJIOBHO Ha'IMCJ151eMa51 - - 39% 27% CTOMMOCTh npo.LJ,yK~MM llOTpe6neHM51 C06CTBeHHOfO npOM3BO)J,CTBa KpoMe JJ:eHe)lmoro JJ:OXOJJ:a 11 CT011MOCTI1 3aprrrraTbi B HaType Ba)l(HO paccMoTpeTb CTOI1MOCTb IIpOJJ:YKTOB, IIOTpe6JI51eMbiX CeMb51M11 C IIp11yCa.IJ:e6HbiX yqaCTKOB. f1p0113BOJJ:CTBO, op11eHT11posaHHOe Ha o6ecrreqeH11e co6cTBeHHbiX HY)l(JJ:, 3aMeH51eT rrp11o6peTeH11e IIpOJJ:OBOJlbCTBeHHbiX IIpOJJ:YKTOB ITO KOMMepqeCKI1M KaHarraM 11, COOTBeTCTBeHHO, HeKoTopyiO qacTh rroTpe6HOCTI1 ceMbl1 B JJ:eHhrax. CToi1MOCTb rroTpe6rreHI151 rrpo.IJ:YKTOB, rrpo113Be.IJ:eHHbiX Ha rrp11yca.IJ:e6HoM yqacTKe, cocTaBrr51eT 88 rpH.!Mec. JJ:IT51 cpe.IJ:Hero JJ:OMaiiiHerO X0351HCTBa B Bbi60pKe ( CMOTpM BCTaBKy). TaKMM o6pa30M, CTOHMOCTh co6CTBeHHOfO IIOTpe6rreHI151 yseJII1qi1BaeT CeMeHHbiH JJ:OXOJJ: Ha 36%, BKJIJOqa5J CTOI1MOCTb 3aprrnaThi B HaType (oT 245100 .LJ,on. rpH. MJIH CiliA JJ:O 334 rpH.!Mec. 11rr11 135 JJ:OIT. CiliA; CMOTp11 IIOCJie.IJ:HIOJO KOJIOHKY B Ta6JIHQe 5.4). f1p11HI1Ma51 BO BHI1MaH11e 3aprrrraTy HaTypoH 11 CTOI1MOCTb C06CTBeHHOf0 IIOTpe6rreHI151 rrpOJJ:YKTOB C IIp11yCa.IJ:e6HOfO yqacTKa, cpe.IJ:HI1H JJ:OXOJJ: Ha JJ:YIIIY B paMKaX 11ccrre.IJ:OBaH1151 cocTaBI1JI 83 rpH.!Mec. (33 JJ:Orrrrapa CiliA). 3Ta :o;11¢pa 61>ma rrorryqeHa rrp11 3aHI1)l(eHHOH o:o;eHKe ycrrOB11H, JJ:OIIYCKa51 50% pa3pbiB B o6neMe IIp0113BOJJ:CTBa JJ:OMaiiiH11X X0351HCTB, KOTOpbie IIpOJJ:aiOT CBOJO rrpOJJ:YK:U11JO, 11 X0351HCTB, KOTOpbie He 3aH11MaJOTC51 rrpo.IJ:a)l(eH:. MeHbiiii1H pa3pbiB Me)l(JJ:y JJ:ByM51 rpyrrrraMI1 JJ:OMaiiiHI1X X0351HCTB JII1IIIb yserr11q11T ycrrOBHO Haql1cJieHHbiH JJ:OXOJJ: OT co6CTBeHHOf0 IIOTpe6rreHI151. B JIJ060M crryqae, JJ:a)l(e rrp11 HaiiieM 3aH11)l(eHHOM JJ:OIIyll(eHI111, cpe.IJ:H11H JJ:OXOJJ: Ha JJ:YIIIY B pa3Mepe 83 rpH./MeC. 3Haqi1TeJibHO rrpeBbiiiiaeT qepTy 6e.IJ:HOCTI1 73 rpH./MeC., ycTaHOBJieHHyJO B KOH:Ue 1998 r.  5. ColfUa.JlbHaJl UHrjJpacmpyKmypa u ypo6eHb :J/CU3HU 43 OnpeiJeJteHue cmoUMocmu npoiJyKlfUU, npOU36eCJeHHOU CJoMaUJHUM X03Riicm6oM ,l0H orrpe.n:enemur CTOHMOCTH IIpOJ(yKU,HH, IIpOH3BeJ(eHHOll J(OMaiiiHHM X03HHCTBOM, HaqHeM C J(aHHhiX 0 peaJIH3all,HH IIpOJ(yKTOB C rrpeyca.n:e6Hh!X yqaCTKOB. 0KOJIO 60% J(OMaiUHHX X03HHCTB coo6lll,HJIH o peanH3au,HH rrpo.n:yKUHH c rrpeyca.n:e6Horo )"'aCTKa; .n:oxo.n: OT rrpo.n:a:am rrpo.n:yKU,HH 3THX "TOBapHhiX" J(OMaiiiHHX X03HIIcTB B cpe.n:HeM COCTaBJIHeT 88 rpH./MeC. (35 J(OJI. CillA). ,ll;oMaiiiHHe X03HHCTBa, coo6mHBIIIHe o rrpo.n:a)J(e rrpo.n:yKUHH c rrpeyca.n:e6Horo yqacTKa, rrpo.n:aiOT OKOJIO 50% CBOero o6neMa IIpOH3BOJ(CTBa, OCTaJihHaH qaCTh HJ(eT Ha IIOYpe6JieHHe CeMheH. I1pH cpe.n:Hell peaJIH3aU,HH 88 rpH./X03., Mhl OIIpe.n:eJIIIJIH o6myiO CTOHMOCTh IIpOH3BeJ(eHHOll IIpOJ(yKU,HH J(JIH "ToBapHhix" .n:oMaiiiHHX xo3llilcTB B pa3Mepe 176 rpH.!Mec. (70 .n:on. ClllA), rronoBHHa H3 KOTOpOH - 3TO CTOHMOCTh IIpO.D:YKTOB C rrpHyca.n:e6HOrO yqaCTKa, KOTOphie CeMhH IIOTpe6JIHeT J(JIH rro.n:.n:ep)J(aHIUI csoero cymecTsosaHIUI. OcTaJihHhie 40% .n:oMaiiiHHX xo3HilcTB a Bhi6opKe He coo6mHnH o KaKoil-JIH6o peanmau,HH, II03TOMY Mhl He MO)J(eM orrpe.n:eJIHTh CTOHMOCTh IIpOH3BeJ(eHHOll HMH npo.n:yKU,HH rrpHMhiM CIIOC060M. AHaJIH3 J(OMaiUHHX X03HHCTB B pa3pe3e IIOKa3hiBaeT, qyo X03l!HCTBa, He 3aHHMalOlll,HeCH peanmau,Heli, KaK npaBHJIO, MeHbiUe "TOBapHhiX" J(OMalliHHX X03HHCTB H 60JibllleH qaCThlO peaJIH3YlQT H3JIHllleK rrpomse.n:eHHOli npo.n:yKu,HH. TaKHM o6pa30M, Mhi MO)J(eM .n:onycTHTh, qyo rrpH J(OCTaToqHo 3aHH)J(eHHOH OU,eHKe, J(OMaiUHHe X03l!llCTBa, He peaJIH3YlOlll,He CBOIO rrpo.n:yKU,HIO, IIpOH3BOJ(l!T B cpe.n:HeM 50% 06beMa IIpOH3BOJ(CTBa "TOsapHhiX" J(OMaiUHHX X03l!HCTB, qyo cocTaBJIHeT 88 rpH.!Mec. (35 .n:on. ClllA) rrpH IIOJIHOM rroYpe6JieHHH 3TOro o6neMa ceMheil. YqHThiBaH HalliH J(OIIylll,eHIUI, BCe J(OMaiiiHHe X03HHCTBa B BhJ60pKe B cpe.n:HeM IIOYpe6JIHlOT rrpo.n:yKUHH co CBOHX rrpHyca.n:e6HhiX yqacTKOB Ha 88 rpH.!Mec. (35 .n:on. ClllA); 3yY cyMMY cne.n:yeT IIpH6aBHTh K J(OXOJ(y CeMhH, KOTOphlH OHa IIOJiyqaeT H3 06bJqHbiX HCTOqHHKOB, BKJIIOqaH 3aprrnary, IIeHCHH H J(eHe)J(Hhie J(OXOJ(hl. 5. 3. CeMei:UibZU ooxoo '-IGCmHbZX ifJepMepoe OcHOBHbiM HCToqmfKOM .n;oxo.n;a ceMell. qacTHbiX ¢epMepoB JIBJUieTcJI CeJibCKOX035IHCTBeHHa5I ,[(eJITeJibHOCTb (76% CeMeHHOrO ,[(OXO.[(a) IIJIIOC ,[(OXO,[( H3 rrpoqHx, He CB5I3aHHbiX C Hell HCTOqHifKOB, TaKHX KaK 3apiiJiaTa H IIeHCHJI (16% ). ,[(OXO,[( OT ,[(eJITeJibHOCTH X035IHCTBa BHe OCHOBHOrO CeJibCKOX035IHCTBeHHOrO IIpOH3BO,[(CTBa IIO- rrpe)l<HeMy COCTaBJIJieT MeHee 10% 6IO,[()l(eTa CeMbH (Puc. 5.1). IJepeBO.[(bi OT pO.[(CTBeHHHKOB 3a rpaHHU:eH 5IBJ15IIOTC5I He3HaqHTeJibHbiM ¢aKTOpOM B Bbi60pKe: JIHIIIb 5% ¢epMepoB coo6ru:aroT o po,n:cTBeHHHKax, pa6oTaiOII.J:HX 3a rpaHHU:ell.. HHKTO H3 ¢epMepoB B Bbi60pKe He IIOJiyqaeT IIOMOII.J:H H3 :noro HCTOqHHKa. IJoqTif IIOJIOBHHa ceMeH coo6ru:aiOT 0 3a.[(ep)l(KaX B BbiiiJiaTe rreHCHH cpOKOM ,[(0 5 MeCJIU:eB. 44 YKpauHa: o63op onb1ma peopzaHU3a11UU CeJlbCKOX03RucmeeHHblX npeonpURmuu CTpyKTypa AOXOAa ceMelll "'aCTHbJX ct>epMepoe CenbcKOX03Ri.icTaeHHBl'l ABl'ITeilbHOCTb 76% Hexo3l'li1cTaeHHBl'l ABl'ITBilbHOCTb 16% npeAnp~H~MBTBilbCKBl'l ABl'ITBilbHOCTb 8% PMCYHOK 5.1. ITo coo6rn:emurM pecrroH.neHTOB, .nm1 rroMep)l{amur HOpMa.JihHoro )l{H3HeHHoro ypoBH5l HX ceMell:, HM Tpe6yeTC5l B cpe.nHeM 1 400 rpH.!Mec. mm 560 .nonnapoB ClllA. 3Ty u:mppy cne.nyeT cpaBHHTh c pe3yiii>TaToM < 350 rpH.!Mec. rrnrr 140 .nonnapoB ClllA, rronyqeHHhiM B rrpe.Il:hl.Il:YIUeM pa3.nene .Il:J15l peanhHOrO .Il:OXO.Il:a CeMeH aKU:HOHepoB CeJibCKOX035IHCTBeHHhiX rrpe.nrrprr5ITHH (cMOTpH Ta6mnzy 5.4). Ou;eHKa OTBeTOB pecrroH.neHTOB .naeT .nocTaToqHo II03HTHBHYJO KapTHHY ypoBH5l )l{H3HH ceMell: qacTHhiX cpepMepoB (Pnc. 5.2). 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Ern:e 40% pecrroH.neHTOB YKa3a.JIH, qTo rrx .noxo.n .nocTaToqHhiH, qTo6bi KYIIHTh rrpo.nyKThi rrrrTaHH5l H rrpe.nMeThi rrepBOH Heo6XO.Il:HMOCTH. nmnh TpOe peCIIOH.Il:eHTOB IIO)Ka.JIOBaJiaCb, qTO He MO)l{eT rro3BOIIHTh KYIIHTh Bee Heo6xo.nrrMhie ceMbe rrpo.noBOIIhCTBeHHhie TOBapbi. 3TH pe3yiii>TaThi Bepo5ITHO YKa3hiBaJOT Ha ynyqrneHHe 3KOHOMrrqecKoro rrono)l{eHH5l qacTHhiX cpepMepOB B cpaBHeHHH C o6cJie.Il:OBaHHeM BceMHpHOrO 6aHKa 3a 1996 r., B KOTOpOM 70% pecrroH.neHTOB oxapaKTeprr30Ba.JIH ypoBeHh )l{H3HH cBorrx ceMell: KaK y.noBJieTBOpHTeJihHhiH HJIH XOpOillHH H 30%- KaK Hey.noBJieTBOpHTeJibHbiH. B cooTBeTCTBHH c B u:enoM rro3HTHBHOH ou;eHKOH )l{H3HeHHoro ypoBH5l, 40% pecrroH.neHTOB coo6rn:rrnrr, qTo rrocne C03.Il:aHH5l qacTHoro X035IHCTBa 3KOHOMrrqecKoe rroJIO)KeHrre rrx ceMell: ynyqrnrrnocb rr IIHillh 12% YKa3a.JIH Ha ero yxy.nrneHrre (Pnc. 5.3). I1o.no6HhiM o6pa30M, 40% peCIIOH.Il:eHTOB O)l{H.Il:aJOT, qTO HX 3KOHOMrrqecKOe IIOJIO)KeHHe B 6y.nyrn:eM YII)"'IllHTC5l HJIH, ITO KpaHHeH Mepe, He H3MeHHTC5l H JIHillh 12% O)l{H.Il:aJOT .Il:a.JlhHeHrnero yxy.nrneHH5l (B CYIUHOCTH, 3TO Te )l{e peCIIOH.Il:eHThi, KOTOpbie C006IIIHIIH 06 yxy.nrneHHH IIOJIO)KeHH5l HX CeMeH IIOCJie C03.Il:aHH5l qacTHOrO X035IHCTBa; TaKHM o6pa30M, IIeCCHMHCThi rrpO.Il:OJI)KaJOT rreCCHMHCTHqecKH CMOTpeTb B 6y.nyiiiee).  5. ColfUaJ/bHClfl umjJpacmpyKmypa u ypoeeHb :JICU3HU 45 04eHKa >KH3HeHHOrO ypOBH~ ceMeH '"laCTHbiX 4lepMepOB H~>Ke npo>K~TOYHoro ~ npo>K~TOYHbli-1 M~H~MYM I Y.QosneTsop~TenbHbli-1 Xopow~i-1 0 10 20 30 40 50 PHCYHOK 5.2. 1113MeHeHHe 3KOHOMH'"IeCKOrO nOllO>KeHH~ CeMeH B peTpocneKTHBe ., nepcneKTHBe YnyYwHnocb He ~3MeH~nOCb ~EE~EEEEE~ 0 nepcneKTHBHOe Yxy.Qw~nocb He onpe,Qen~ncR 0 10 20 30 40 50 P~rtcyHoK 5.3. 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