Philippines - Second Local Government Units (LGU) - Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project : resettlement action plan (Vol. 2 of 2) : Operational manual : environmental assessment

RP68 Volume 2 Water Supply & Sanitation PMO Development Bank of the Urban Development Sector Unit Department of the Interior and Philippines (DBP) East Asia and Pacific Region Local Government (DILG) Manila, The Philippines The World Bank Manila, The Philippines Washington DC, USA LGU Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project The Philippines Operational Manual: Environmental Assessment Version 2, July 2000 Scoping (DENR, LGU, etc.) IEE/EIS Preparation and Submission (including technical evaluation and public consultation) Optional DENR ~~DENR Evaluation ofPosbeAdtna Site Inspection < t IEE/EIS Sufficiency Information Requiremens ECC Approval or Denial Monitoring and possible correction measures Prepared by Frank Radstake, Consultant The findings and views expressed in this report are entirely those of the Consultant and should not be attributed in any matter to the World Bank or to its affiliated organizations 94Y r s kA..,...~  LGU Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project Environmental Assessment WSSPMO-DILG I DBP / WB Operational Manual PREFACE The present Environmental Assessment volume of the Operational Manual (2nd version) describes the methodology and process to minimize adverse environmental impacts and to include proper mitigation measures for the LGU Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project (LGU-UWSSP). The manual is a toolkit for the borrower and/or consultants to prepare the Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) reports, to obtain the required Environmental Clearance Certificate (ECC), and to safeguard appropriate environmental monitoring and management, according to both Philippines and the World Bank regulations. The various steps for conducting the assessment are summarized in a checklist. Additionally, the manual provides technical considerations for the possible project components water supply, sanitation, drainage, and wastewater disposal and management. The operational manual will be subject to review during the implementation of the project, and will be updated with experiences and recent findings of the project if appropriate. Upon the request of the LGU or consultant, sample IEEs and an electronic version of the current manual can be provided. Important parts of the present document have been extracted from the DENR DAO 96- 37 Procedural Manual. In the case that any discrepancies would exist with the current DENR regulations, the latter will prevail. Also, it advised to contact the regional environmental unit of the World Bank if it appears that procedures do not correspond with the World Bank environmental regulations. The operational manual will be subject to review during the implementation of the project, and will be updated with experiences and recent findings of the project if appropriate. Upon the request of the LGU or consultant, sample IEEs and an electronic version of the current manual can be provided. The findings and views expressed in this report are entirely those of the Consultant and should not be attributed in any matter to the World Bank or to its affiliated organizations Frank Radstake E-mail: fradstake@aol.com Main text i Version 2, July, 2000  LGU Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project Environmental Assessment WSSPMO-DILG / DBP I WB Operational Manual TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE SUMMARY CHECKLIST ................. I I GENERAL OVERVIEW OF THE EA PROCESS. 2 1.1 PURPOSE OF THE MANUAL. 2 1.1.1 General.. 2 1.1.2 Report outline.. 3 1.2 POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK. 3 1.2.1 Environmental Assessment in the Philippines . . 3 1.2.2 World Bank EA requirements.. 4 1.2.3 Other .. 5 1.3 PROJECT PREPARATION CYCLE. 5 1.4 PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION. 7 2 FORMAL PROCEDURES. 9 2.1 INTRODUCTION... 9 2.2 MANDATORY IEE/EA CONTENTS. . . 9 2.3 ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS . . .10 2.3.1 Accountability statements of the project proponents .10 2.3.2 Accountability statement of the Accredited preparer .11 2.3.3 Documentation of the EA Process .11 2.3.4 Proof of Social Acceptability .11 2.4 IEE SUBMISSION .13 2.4.1 Documentation .13 2.4.2 Filing costs .13 2.4.3 Future express lane for IEE/EIS review .14 2.5 POSSIBLE ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS . . .14 3 MAIN COMPONENTS OF THE IEE/EA REPORTS .15 3.1 GENERAL ...15 3.2 ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE CONDITIONS . . .15 3.3 ANALYSIS AND COMPARISON OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ... 17 3.3.1 Prediction of general environmental impacts .17 3.3.2 Land acquisition, compensation and resettlement .19 3.3.3 Comparison and selection of alternatives 19 3.4 DRAFTING OF AN ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN . . .20 3.4.1 General 21 3.4.2 Mitigation Plan .21 3.4.3 Environmental Monitoring Plan .25 3.4.4 Implementation arrangements .25 3.5 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS . . .27 4 SPECIFIC TECHNICAL GUIDELINES .28 4.1 GENERAL .28 4.2 WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS .28 4.2.1 Development of groundwater ..28 4.2.2 Development of springs ..31 4.2.3 Intake of surface water ..33 4.3 SANITATION AND WASTEWATER COLLECTION DISPOSAL .34 4.3.1 Introduction ..35 4.3.2 General overview of potential environmental impacts . .35 Main text ii Version 2, July, 2000  LGU Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project Environmental Assessment WSSPMO-DILG I DBP / WB Operational Manual 4.3.3 On-site sanitation ................................................... 37 4.3.4 Off-site sanitation ................................................... 38 4.3.5 Improvement of storm drainage and wastewater disposal ................................... 44 5 MONITORING AND FOLLOW-UP ....................................................... 46 5.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS ................................................................. 46 5.2 DENR PROCEDURES ................................................................. 46 5.3 INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION AND MONITORING OF THE EMP ............................................. 47 6 MAIN REFERENCES AND BACKGROUND DOCUMENTATION .................... ................. 48 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 Schematic presentation of EA scheduling ................................................... 7 Figure 2 Flowchart for the formal IEE preparation procedures ............... ................... 9 Figure 3 Proposed Table of Contents ........................................................ 10 LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Checklist for assessment of environmental baseline conditions ........ ........ 16 Table 2 Overview of general potential impacts and mitigation measures.. ............. 18 Table 3 Guidelines for the minimum land acquisition for water sources protection. 19 Table 4 Example of a summary matrix of Environmental Issues/impacts ............... 20 Table 5 Layout and example of an environmental Mitigation Plan (MiP) for a deep well system .23 Table 6 Layout and example of an Environmental Monitoring Plan (MoP) 26 Table 7 Potential impacts and mitigation measures related to the development of groundwater .29 Table 8 Spacing requirements for deep wells (< 30m) .30 Table 9 Guidelines for groundwater protection zones (porous permeable aquifers)31 Table 10 Potential impacts and mitigation measures related to the development of springs .32 Table 11 Potential impacts and mitigation measures related to the intake of surface water 34 Table 12 Potential impacts and mitigation measures related to the construction of sewerage and drainage infrastructure .39 Table 13 General listing of wastewater treatment, disposal and sludge management technology (after WB EA Sourcebook) .42 Main text iii Version 2, July, 2000  LGU Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project Environmental Assessment WSSPMO-DILG / DBP / WB Operational Manual LIST OF ANNEXES Annex A: Philippines EA Regulations and Instructions Annex A. I Administrative order No. 96-37: Revising DENR administrative order No.21, series of 1992, to further strengthen the implementation of the Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) system (DENR, 1996). Annex A. II NEDA Board resolution No. 5 (1994): Approving the recommendation of the Infrastructure Committee (INFRACOM) on the National Policy, strategy and action plan for urban sewerage (liquid waste) and sanitation). Annex A. IlIl NEDA Board resolution No. 12: Approving the common definition of terms relative to water supply, sewerage and sanitation (1995). Annex A. IV National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS). Act. R.A. No. 7586 and Implementing Rules and Regulation DAO 25, S 1992 (DENR, 1992). Annex A. V Implementing rules and regulations of Chapter II - "Water Supply" of the Code of Sanitation of the Philippines (P.D. 856) Annex A. VI Implementing rules and regulations of Chapter XVII - "Sewage collection and disposal, excreta disposal and drainage" of the Code of Sanitation of the Philippines (P.D. 856) Annex A. VII Water Code of the Philippines and the Implementing Rules and Regulations, P.D. 1067 (National Water Resources Board, 1979) Annex A. VIII Instructions for water permit applications (National Water Resources Board) Annex A. IX Example of an Accountability Statement of the Project Proponents Annex A. X Example of an Accountability Statement of IEE/EA prepares Annex A. Xl Accreditation procedures for non-individual EIS/IEE preparers (after DENR, 1997) Annex B: World Bank EA Documentation Annex B. I World Bank Operational Manual: Operational Policies 4.01: Environmental Assessment (January 1999) Annex B. ll World Bank Operational Manual: Bank Procedures 4.01: Environmental Assessment (January 1999) Annex B. IlIl World Bank Operational Manual: Good Practices 4.01: Environmental Assessment (January 1999) Annex B. IV World Bank Operational Manual: Operational Directive 4.30: Involuntary Resettlement Annex C: Miscellaneous Annex C. I Strategic Environmental Plan (SEP) for Palawan Act (RA 7611) Annex C. II DBP Environmental Performance Monitoring Forms Annex C. III DBP General Environmental Covenants and Warranties Main text iv Version 2, July, 2000  LGU Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project Environmental Assessment WSSPMO-DILG / DBP / WB Operational Manual LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ADB Asian Development Bank APL Adaptable Program Loan BWP Barangay Water Program BWSA Barangay Waterworks and Sanitation Associations CALA Cavite-Laguna Urban Development and Environmental Management Study CAS Country Assistance Strategy CENRO Community Environment and Natural Resources Office (DENR-RO) DAO Department Administrative Order DBP Development Bank of the Philippines DENR Department of Environment and Natural Resources DENR-RO DENR Regional Office DILG Department of Interior and Local Government DOF Department of Finance DOH Department of Health DPWH Department of Public Works and Highways EA Environmental Assessment ECA Environmental Critical Area ECC Environmental Compliance Certificate ECP Environmental Critical Project EDCOP Engineering and Development Corporation of the Philippines EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EIARC EIA Review Committee EIS Environmental Impact Statement EMB Environmental Management Bureau EMP Environmental Management Plan EMPAS Environmental Management and Protection Areas Sector (DENR RO) EPM Environmental Performance Monitoring FS Feasibility Study GFI Government Financing Institution GOP Government of the Philippines Gpm gallons per minute IEE Initial Environmental Examination IESM Institute of Environmental Science and Management INFRACOM Infrastructure Committee IRA Internal Revenue Allocations IRR Implementing Rules and Regulations (of Local Government Code) LLDA Laguna Lake Development Authority LGU Local Government Units LGU-UWSSP LGU Urban Water Supply & Sanitation Project LWUA Local Water Utilities Administration masl meters above sea level mbsl meters below surface level MDC Municipal Development Council MDF Municipal Development Fund ME Municipal Engineer Main text v Version 2, July, 2000  LGU Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project Environmental Assessment WSSPMO-DILG / DBP / WB Operational Manual MHO Municipal Health Officer MOA Memorandum of Agreement MOU Memorandum of Understanding MiP Mitigation Plan MoP Monitoring Plan MPDO Municipal Planning and Development Officer MWSS Manila Waterworks and Sewerage System NEDA National Economic Development Agency NIPAS National Integrated Protected Areas System NWC National Water Commission NWRB National Water Resources Board O&M Operation and Maintenance PAMB Protected Area Management Board PCSD Palawan Council for Sustainable Development PDC Provincial Development Council/Coordinator PENRO Provincial Environment and Natural Resources Office (DENR) PS Private Sector PSP Private Sector Participation PSPs Provincial Water Supply, Sewerage and Sanitation Sector Plans R&R Resettlement and Re-allocation RAP Resettlement Action Plan RWSA Rural Waterworks and Sanitation Associations RWSSP Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project SEP Strategic Environmental Plan (for Palawan) SI Sanitary Inspector (LGU/DOH) SLA Subsidiary Loan Agreement TDS Total Dissolved Solids TSP Total Suspended Particles VIP Ventilated Improved Pit (latrine) WD Water District WDDP Water Districts Development Project WSS Water Supply and Sanitation WSSPMO Water Supply and Sanitation Program Management Office (DILG) Main text vi Version 2, July, 2000  LGU Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project Environmental Assessment WSSPMO-DILG / DBP / WB Operational Manual SUMMARY CHECKLIST Based on experiences in previous batches, the following checklist provides a general overview of the applied process and the various steps to be taken. Preparations: o Discussion with DILG-WSSPMO on the project schedule and coordination arrangements o Discussion with the Engineering Consultant on cooperation and the various logistical issues o Collection of existing data and reports on project areas Environmental Assessment: o Discussions with the LGU officials on the various environmental aspects and possible requirements o Visit and assessment of the different filed sites o Discussions on the findings with the LGU officials and Engineering Consultant o Discussions on the project with the DENR Regional Office o Preparation of a first draft EA/IEE report o Presentation of the environmental aspects in the community consultations o Updating and preparation of the draft EA/IEE report for LGU and WB approval Li Finalization of the EA/IEE report EAIIEE Submission: o Collection of the necessary signatures o Copying of the report including all annexes o Submittal of the EA/IEEs to the DENR Regional Offices o Payment of DENR submission fees by the LGUs o Regular Contact regularly about the status of the review Monitoring (after receiving the ECC, before signing of SLA): o Distribution of additional copies of the EA/lEE to all concerned parties (PMO, DILG, GFI, World Bank) o Completion of PMU filing system with the official documents (EA/IEE, ECC, Land titles, etc.) o Provision of copies of all official documents to the GFI and the WB o Notification of the GFI on environmental conditions (for SLA) Monitoring (after signing of SLA): o Regular field inspections during the construction activities (PMU, PMO/GFI) o Discussions with the Operators on environmental conditions (GFI) o Submittal of quarterly compliance reports by the LGUs to the PMO/GFI o Submittal of quarterly compliance reports by the LGUs to the DENR o Submittal of Annual Environmental compliance reports by the PMO/GFI to the World Bank and DENR Main text I Version 2, July, 2000  LGU Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project Environmental Assessment WSSPMO-DILG / DBP / WB Operational Manual 1 GENERAL OVERVIEW OF THE EA PROCESS 1.1 Purpose of the manual 1.1.1 General The goal of the LGU Urban Water and Sanitation Project is to support a program of investments in independently operated/managed Water Utilities. This is consistent with GOP sectoral objectives of expanding water supply and sanitation service coverage on the basis of demand, and of facilitating private sector participation in service coverage. The individual projects may involve any or all of the following in participating LGUs: * Construction, expansion or rehabilitation of reservoirs, wells and intake structures, transmissions mains and pumping stations, and treatment and distribution systems; * Provisions for operation and maintenance of the above mentioned systems; * Establishment or strengthening of metering; billing and collection functions; and * Strengthening of overall water utility management; * Improvement of sanitary conditions (toilets, wastewater disposal, drainage). It is the responsibility of the borrower (i.e. the LGU) to carry out Environmental Assessments, both required within the Philippines and the World Bank regulatory framework, and to obtain the environmental clearances for each individual project before starting of construction. Thus, environmentally sound practices have to be incorporated into the project design, and possible negative impacts will have to be mitigated to acceptable levels. The present volume of the Operational Manual describes the methodology and process to minimize adverse environmental impacts and to include proper mitigation measures. The manual is a toolkit for the borrower and/or consultants to prepare the Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) reports and to obtain the required Environmental Clearance Certificate (ECC). The manual does not intend to provide full IEE "blueprints"; own analysis and initiatives will always be required during each IEE preparation. The proposed methodology is mainly based on and combines the following guidelines and documents: * DENR Administrative order No. 96-37: Revising DENR administrative order No.21, series of 1992, to further strengthen the implementation of the Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) system. (1996; Annex A. I); * DENR DAO 96-37 Procedural Manual (electronic copy'; January 1997); * World Bank OP, BP, and GP 4.01: Environmental Assessment (1999; Annex B. I, Annex B. ll, Annex B. IlIl, respectively); * World Bank Operational Directive 4.30: Involuntary Resettlement (1990; Annex B. IV); * NEDA Board resolutions 5 on the national policy and strategy on urban sewerage and sanitation (1994; Annex A. II) and 12 on the common definitions and terms in water supply, sewerage and sanitation (1995; Annex A. l1l). 1 Selected parts of the present document have been extracted from the DENR files. Main text 2 Version 2, July, 2000  LGU Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project Environmental Assessment WSSPMO-DILG / DBP / WB Operational Manual * Implementing rules and regulations of Chapters II "Water Suppl/' and XVII "Sewage collection and disposal, excreta disposal and drainage" of the Code of Sanitation of the Philippines (P.D. 856, Annex A. V and Annex A. VI, respectively) * Water Code of the Philippines and the implementing rules and regulations, P.D. 1067 (National Water Resources Board, 1979; Annex A. VII). Additional references and background documentation are listed in Chapter 6. 1.1.2 Report outline Chapter 1 provides a general introduction to the Environmental Assessment process, including background information on institutional and policy developments in the environmental and the water sector in the Philippines. Chapter 2 provides an overview of the formal procedures to be applied for the preparation of the IEE/EA reports. To secure the appropriate environmental safeguards, Chapters 3 and 4 elaborate on the main report components and specific technical guidelines, respectively. Monitoring and follow- up activities are provided in Chapter 5. Main references and additional background materials are listed in Chapter 6. 1.2 Policy, legal and administrative framework 1.2.1 Environmental Assessment in the Philippines The Philippine Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) system was established in 1979 (Presidential Decree (PD) No. 1586). Since then, the EIS system has undergone several refinements/revisions to make it a more effective planning, management and regulatory tool in addressing environmental problems in the country. The Department of Environmental and Natural Resources (DENR) has consistently strengthened the process by introducing new features and requirements to adapt the system in response to changing economic realities and growing environmental consciousness of the Philippine population. The latest is the DAO 96-37, a revision of DAO 21, Series of 1992, streamlining the EIS system while strengthening the processes for its implementation. The revised administrative order addresses in particular regulations to: * Ensure that environmental considerations are incorporated at the earliest possible stage of project development; * Further streamline the current procedures in the conduct of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) in order to improve its effectiveness as a planning, regulatory and management tool; * Enhance maximum public participation in the EIA process to validate the social acceptability of the project or undertaking so as to ensure the fullest consideration of the environmental impact of such project or undertaking. The EIS system covers projects and undertakings categorized as Environmental Critical Projects (ECPs)2 and projects located in Environmental Critical Areas (ECAs)3. All 2ECPs include heavy industries, resource extractive industries, infrastructure projects and golf course projects. ECAs include all areas declared by law as national parks, watershed reserves, wildlife preserves and sanctuaries; areas set aside as aesthetic tourist spot; areas which constitute the habitat for any endangered or threatened species of indigenous Philippine wild life (flora and fauna); areas of unique historic Main text 3 Version 2, July, 2000  LGU Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project Environmental Assessment WSSPMO-DILG / DBP / WB Operational Manual projects or undertakings falling within these categories are required to first secure an Environmental Clearance Certificate (ECC) prior to construction and operation. The DENR Secretary or the Regional Executive Director issues the ECC. It certifies that based on the representation of the preparer, as reviewed and validated by the Environmental Impact Assessment Review Committee (EIARC), the proposed project or undertaking will cause an acceptable environmental impact and that the proponent has complied with the requirement of the EIS system. The Environmental Impact Assessment Division of the Environmental Management Bureau (EMB) and Regional Offices of the DENR confirmed that the proposed individual project towns fall within the ECA category. Its justification is based on the fact that (i) non-of the descriptions of the DENR critical projects fit the proposed interventions, and (ii) that no major negative impacts are expected. The above implicates the necessity to prepare Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) for each of the separate towns4. An IEE5 is a document required of proponents describing the environmental impacts of, and mitigation and enhancement measures for, projects or undertakings located in an ECA. In some cases, aside from the national regulations, specific regional environmental regulations or considerations may prevail (e.g. Palawan, Laguna Lake area, Manila, etc..). For example, in the Palawan province approval of the Palawan Council for Sustainable Development (PCSD) has to be obtained (i.e. Republic Act 7611, see Annex C. I). The mandate of the PCSD, established under the Office of the President, is to govern, implement and direct the policy for the Strategic Environmental Plan (SEP). 1.2.2 World Bank EA requirements World Bank procedures for environmental screening are described in the Operational Policy 4.01: Environmental Assessment (1999; Annex B. I to this manual). As the current project basically focus on environmental mitigation by improving community access to safe water and improved sanitation, the project has been assigned to the Category B. This implies the requirement of the preparation of an environmental analysis or limited Environmental Assessment. Major environmental issues to be addressed include adverse impacts in terms of protection of watersheds, wastewater discharge, and draw down of groundwater (section 3.3). Special attention should be paid to public participation, possible involuntary resettlement and compensation for loss of income due to the development of the water supply archeological or scientific interest; areas which are traditionally occupied by cultural communities or tribes (indigenous cultural communities); areas which are frequently visited and/or hard-hit by natural calamities; areas with critical slopes; areas classified as prime agricultural lands; recharge areas of aquifers; water bodies tapped for domestic purposes, controlled and/or protected by appropriate authorities, or which supports wildlife and fishery activities; mangrove areas with primary pristine and dense young growth, adjoining mouth of major river systems, near or adjacent to traditional productive fry or fishing grounds, which acts as natural buffers against shore erosion, strong winds and storm floods, or on which people are dependent for their livelihood; Coral reefs with 50% and above live coral cover, with spawning and nursery grounds of fish, or which acts as natural breakwater of coastlines. Although in some cases it may even not be necessary that an IEE has to be prepared according to DENR guidelines, it is recommended to submit IEEs as a standard procedure. This will prevent unforeseen surprises in a later stage of the project preparation, and hence delay in the implementation the projects. 5The IEE replaces the Project Description (PD) required under DAO 21, series of 1992. Main text 4 Version 2, July, 2000  LGU Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project Environmental Assessment WSSPMO-DILG / DBP / WB Operational Manual systems according to WB regulations (OD 4.30: Involuntary resettlement, see Annex B. IV). Key issues include the necessary compensation for land acquisition and the possible displacement of people and resettlement. Details are given in the Operational Manuals on Public Participation and Economic Compensation prepared as separate Volumes. As most of the necessary constructions for the water supply systems are small, resettlement and land acquisition are not major issues in the current project. However, if applicable, the relevant measures have to be incorporated into the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) of the various towns (section 3.3.1). The substantive requirements for World Bank Category B projects (i.e. OD 4.01: Environmental Assessment, see Annex B. I) overlap to a large extent with the Philippine IEE requirements (see Annex A. I). In order to facilitate a smooth implementation and environmental screening, an IEE model combining both the EA requirements of the WB has been developed. As such, the IEE is equivalent to the required EA, including the environmental baseline data, presentation of alternatives, Environmental Management and Monitoring plans. WB Environmental clearance will be obtained through a general monitoring process of the project as a whole (see Chapter 5). In practice, WB clearance of the individual IEEs is given if (1) the environmental assessment is implemented, (2) the ECC is obtained from DENR, and (3) monitoring is secured according to the procedures described in this manual, prior to the start of the construction. 1.2.3 Other Additional to the Philippine and World Bank regulations, the Government Financial Institution (GFI) may have its own environmental guidelines and procedures. As the GFI will be the direct lending agency for the LGUs, they will also be responsible for implementation, environmental monitoring and reporting of the individual projects. For example, the DBP published in 1999 a series of environmental guidelines to be applied by prospective clients (DBP, 1999a-f). The guidelines describe and elaborate on the various regulations in the Philippines (section 1.2.1). The most relevant sections of the guidelines include proposed Environmental Performance Monitoring (EPM) forms for construction and operational activities (see Annex C. II) and DBPs General Environmental Covenants and Warranties (Annex C. Ill). Application of the latter however should be checked with the actual conditions agreed upon in the SLA. 1.3 Project preparation cycle Project preparation, including all environmental assessment activities, is coordinated through the WSSPMO of the DILG. The environmental assessment should be closely coordinated with the other project preparation activities (e.g. engineering design, economic analysis, SB and community consultation). The IEE preparation should start simultaneously with the initial (engineering) assessment and pre-feasibility study in order to include all environmental aspects in to the selection process and engineering design right from the beginning. The Main text 5 Version 2, July, 2000  LGU Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project Environmental Assessment WSSPMO-DILG / DBP / WB Operational Manual IEE preparation and ECC processing should be completed before the signing of the loan agreement with the LGU. Figure 1 shows schematically the project procedures indicating the scheduling and coordination of the EA activities. The main steps include: * (non-formal) Scoping meetings (see also sections 1.4 and 2.3.3); * Inventory of the environmental baseline conditions (section 3.2). * Potential environmental impacts, direct and indirect, including opportunities for enhancement (section 3.3). * Systematic environmental comparison of alternative investments, sites, technologies and designs, including all the significant adverse environmental impacts that are anticipated. * Drafting of mitigation or environmental management plan (EMP). * Community consultation and participatory selection of WS alternative; * Submission to and clearance of DENR and the World Bank; * EMP Compliance Monitoring (Chapter 5). Although the DILG will still be involved in the discussions and support of the LGUs after the SLA between the LGU and the GFI has been signed, the GFI takes over the formal responsibility of the implementation and the subsequent environmental monitoring (Chapter 5). Main text 6 Version 2, July, 2000  LGU Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project Environmental Assessment WSSPMO-DILG I DBP / WB Operational Manual Figure 1 Schematic presentation of EA scheduling ENGINEERING DESIGN ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT Invitation and agreement on participation of LGU Inventory and evaluation I Scoping and Assessment of of existing systems > Environmental baseline conditions Pre-feasibility 1 _[Analysis of environmental impacts study and drafting of EMP Public consultation and participatory selection of alternative Detailed engineering design, I Financial analysis and WB Appraisal F inalizCCn oWB EA clpearance Loan agreement with LGU Construction and operation Monitoring and control of Water Sypply System of ECC / EMP 1.4 Public consultation and participation Both Article IV of the DENR DAO 96-37 and the WB OD 4.01 emphasize the importance of public participation and a transparent EIS process in gaining understanding and achieving social acceptability for a project or undertaking. The goal of public participation is to enable citizens to take responsibility for environmental protection and management through active involvement in decision making. Within the process of IEE preparation, participation of the local authorities and population is secured through regular consultations during the entire EA process (similar to World Bank "stakeholder workshops"). Main text 7 Version 2, July, 2000  LGU Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project Environmental Assessment WSSPMO-DILG / DBP / WB Operational Manual The public consultations must be sufficiently integrated into the process of the formulation and evaluation of technical alternatives. Therefore, it is recommended to include the public consultations on environmental issues during the multiple public hearings to be organized during the technical assessment, feasibility study and design. The consultations may deal with the environmental aspects of any or a combination of the following themes: * The proponent, in terms of responsibility towards the area and the community; * The impact study, as an impact assessment tool; * The project, including its elements, its implementation and related development; * The elements and features of the environment likely to be affected by the project; * The impact, as assessed; * The options, as studied and assessed; * Monitoring, follow-up, and mitigating measures; * Negotiated settlements/compensations * Assurances and guarantees for compliance to the environmental management plan * Procedures and grounds for appeals Details on the organization of the public hearings/consultations are given in the specific chapters of the Operation Manual on Participation and Public Consultation. Public consultations should be conducted for projects in environmentally critical areas. These public consultations or workshops are structured group meetings where a variety of key stakeholders groups share knowledge and work toward creating a common vision. Unlike a public hearing, a public consultation is by invitation only, and there is no required public notice. Instead, the public consultation is used specifically to address and resolve concerns brought to the attention of the DENR regional office. The project proponent or a designated representative must be present during the public consultation to respond to comments and questions. To increase the impact and success of the public consultations on environmental issues, planning them should focus on: * The goals and agenda should be realistic and not be over-ambitious; * Participants should be well informed on the scope of the public consultation, as the sessions are only as valuable as the relevance of opinions and knowledge that the participants bring to the table; * The workshop facilitator's job often requires a keen political insight as well as communication and group skills; * The floor time allowed to the DENR representative, the project proponent and EIA preparers should be limited and defined so not to limit the time allocated for public participants. The process of public participation should be documented and annexed to the IEE (see section 2.3.3). Also, proof of social acceptability based on the results of the public consultations should be annexed to the IEE (see section 2.3.4). Main text 8 Version 2, July, 2000  LGU Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project Environmental Assessment WSSPMO-DILG I DBP / WB Operational Manual 2 FORMAL PROCEDURES 2.1 Introduction Implementation of the individual LGU projects can only start after the clearance by DENR/RO. Upon the satisfactory incorporation and mitigation of environmental concerns in the project (i.e. IEE document), DENR will issue a required ECC. Figure 2 illustrates the different steps and procedures in the IEE preparation process, as instructed by DENR. Further monitoring of the actions and agreements in the ECC will be required during the construction and operational phase. Figure 2 Flowchart for the formal IEE preparation procedures Scoping (DENR, LGU, etc.) , ., --_-X-- IEE/EIS Preparation and Submission (including technical evaluation and public consultation) Optional DENR DENR Evaluation of Possible Additional Site Inspection IEE/EIS Sufficiency Information Requirements ECC Approval or Denial Monitoring and possible correction measures Although it is not anticipated that the size and impacts of the proposed interventions will require the preparation of the more extensive Environmental Impact Statement, in some case the DENR or the World Bank may request additional information. Details on possible additional requirements are elaborated in section 2.5. 2.2 Mandatory IEE/EA contents The proposed contents of the IEE model for each town will include at least: * Table of Contents * Executive Summary (brief description of substantive content) * The substantive report, including project description, methodology for data gathering, description of environmental setting, impact identification and assessment, Environmental Management Plan, and Recommendations; * References/Bibliography. Main text 9 Version 2, July, 2000  LGU Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project Environmental Assessment WSSPMO-DILG / DBP /WB Operational Manual Furthermore, as elaborated in section 2.3, administrative annexes and requirements should at least include the following items: * List of IEE Preparers and their respective expertise area in the IEE; * Sworn Accountability Statements of key IEE Preparers (section 2.3.1); * Sworn Accountability Statement of Project Proponent (section 2.3.2); * Process Documentation (section 2.3.3); * Proof of Social Acceptability (section 2.3.4); The proposed Table of Contents of an IEE is given in Figure 3. Sample IEEs prepared during the first batch are attached is included in Appendix A. However, it should be realized that the proposal is only indicative, as certain conditions may require additional data or information to be incorporated in the IEE. The procedures for the preparation of the substantive report are elaborated in Chapter 3. Figure 3 Proposed Table of Contents Executive Summary I INTRODUCTION 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 3 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 4 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 5 RECOMMENDED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MITIGATION PLAN 6 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN 7 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND TRAINING 8 RECOMMENDATIONS 9 CONCLUSION References List of Annexes Annex 1 List of EA preparers Annex 2 Sworn accountability statement of project proponent Annex 3 Sworn accountability statements of key IEE preparers Annex 4 Process documentation Annex 5 Proof of social acceptability 2.3 Administrative requirements 2.3.1 Accountability statements of the project proponents In accordance with the provisions of DAO 96-37, the role and responsibilities within the EIS system of the proponent include: * To conducts an EA in accordance with prescribed guidelines; * To submit an accurate IEE along with an accountability statement (a standard form of an accountability statement is included in Annex A. IX); * To be jointly responsible with the preparer for the veracity of the EIS; * To prepare and submits periodic compliance reports to the EMPAS/EMB as required (see section 5); * To Comply with the standards and guidelines on public participation and social acceptability. Main text 10 Version 2, July, 2000  LGU Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project Environmental Assessment WSSPMO-DILG / DBP /WB Operational Manual The Mayor of the LGU will be the formal proponent for each separate project, and has to sign the required accountability statement. The proponent should be backed by a signed resolution of the SB, approving the LGUs support to participate in and agree to the condition of the project prior to the signing of the Subsidiary Loan Agreement (SLA). 2.3.2 Accountability statement of the Accredited preparer To maintain the integrity of the EIS system, the DENR is implementing a system of accreditation to screen individuals and professionals who are eligible to actually prepare an EIS/IEE. DENR-ROs can accredit Environmental Associates based on the EMB accreditation criteria. An individual or organization (e.g. single proprietorship, partnerships, firms, environmental units) can apply for accreditation as an eligible EIS/IEE preparer. At the minimum, any individual who has attained a Bachelor's degree in engineering, natural, physical or social sciences can apply for accreditation. The proponent/project preparers have mainly two choices in selecting the accredited IEE preparer, which could be different for each subproject or IEE submission. These include: * The proponent, in cooperation with DILG/PMO, contracts or designate an accredited Consultant for preparation and submission of the IEE; * DILGANSSPMO takes over the responsibility for the IEE submission. In this case, DILG/WSSPMO should arrange for the accreditation of the organization. Procedures for non-individual accreditation are included in Annex A. Xl. As annex to the IEE, an accountability statement of the IEE preparer has to be included. An example of the accountability statement is included in Annex A. X. 2.3.3 Documentation of the EA Process The EA process of scoping, public hearings and, if applicable, dispute/conflict resolution (see section 2.3.4) has to be documented and annexed to the IEE. The EA Process Documentation is a brief summary of the applied methodology and activities, including: * Representation of participants; * The issues, concerns, and interests addressed; * The sequence of significant activities undertaken or issues addressed; * The process by which agreements or resolutions were arrived at; * The stakeholders and key players who most actively participated, those who were present but were quiet, those who were not represented; * The outcome of the activity or undertaking. The environmental analysis and participation will be fully integrated into the process of the formulation and evaluation of technical alternatives. Accordingly, public consultations on environmental issues will be conducted during the multiple public hearings organized during the technical assessment, feasibility study and design, and the documented process of the overall public hearings and consultations will be used as the EA Process documentation. Part of the EA process documentation may already have been included in the IEE section on data collection. 2.3.4 Proof of Social Acceptability Main text 11 Version 2, July, 2000  LGU Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project Environmental Assessment WSSPMO-DILG/ DBP /WB Operational Manual Social acceptability is the result of a process that is mutually agreed upon by the DENR, the stakeholders and the proponent to ensure that the concerns of stakeholders, including affected communities, are fully considered and/or resolved in the decision- making process for granting or denying the issuance of an ECC6. Social acceptability compels the consideration of a broad spectrum of environmental factors. It also means the proponent is able to identify the relevant and valid issues and match them with corresponding mitigative/enhancement measures together with the available resources to implement the measures and the corresponding agreements and guarantees for the fulfillment of such measures. Evidence of social acceptability may be manifested, among others, through the following: * Agreements with the affected communities on proposed mitigation and enhancement measures duly recorded during public consultations; * Project endorsements/resolutions of community leaders/local governments; * Absence of oppositions during consultations; * Assurances/guarantees provided by the proponent addressing specific issues/impacts raised by the stakeholders; and * Proof of public consultation/public participation in the IEE process. Such proofs of social acceptability shall be duly documented and summarized together with the EMP matrix. Further details on DENR guidelines for public participation and social acceptability are described in the DENR DAO 96-37 Procedural Manual. As described in the DENR EIS procedural guidelines, the DENR will facilitate the resolution of possible conflicts that affect environmental quality. Iterative negotiation procedures shall be utilized until a consensus is arrived at in cases where there are outstanding disagreements, conflicts and outright opposition to the project or certain elements of it. If after all measures to resolve conflicts have been exhausted and still no common agreement has been reached, then social acceptability has not been achieved. Examples of proof include: * Memorandum of Understanding between the disputing or conflicting parties; * Negotiated agreements on conflicts should be firmed up through a MOA between the proponent, the DENR, LGU and legitimate stakeholders. * Resettlement and Compensation Plan, if applicable; * Social Development Program (not necessary a full program, but it should contain measures that should address socio-economic impacts). 6Social acceptability can be achieved only if: * the decision is informed; * the process of decision-making is agreed upon through a democratic process; * the stakeholders have been empowered to decide for themselves; and * those who know about the project understand the risks and related responsibilities and accept them Main text 12 Version 2, July, 2000  LGU Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project Environmental Assessment WSSPMO-DILG / DBP / WB Operational Manual 2.4 IEE Submission 2.4.1 Documentation It will be necessary to forward 10 legible copies of the IEE to the Environmental Management and Protection Areas Sector (EMPAS) of the DENR Regional Office for review. The proponent shall also submit to EMPAS, along with the hard copy reports, one set of a complete electronic file of the IEE in computer diskettes. The following are required for the computer file: * file to be copied in 3.5 high density diskettes formatted in DOS Version 5.0 or Window-based and readable using IBM or equivalent compatible PCs; * a written listing of filenames and their contents; * indicate computer software and versions used for word processing (such as Word Perfect Version 3 or Microsoft Word version 3) and quantitative analyses/tables (such as Lotus 123 release 3, Excel or Quattro Pro). If the water source or construction activities are located in a DENR protected area (i.e. NIPAS), DENR has to obtain approval of the project by the Protected Area Management Board (PAMB) before issuing the ECC. 2.4.2 Filing costs All project proponents shall be required to pay the following fees7 to DENR Regional Offices upon submission of the IEE: - Filing Fee : 310.00 pesos - Processing Fee : 1,750.00 pesos - Legal & Research Fee : 70.00 pesos In addition to the fees required, the DENR has also transferred the responsibility of shouldering possible costs attendant to the review of a project's IEE/EIA to its proponent . The determination of additional costs to be borne by the proponent for the review is subject to guidelines set by DENR. The expenses attendant to the review process may include the following items: * honoraria of EIA Review Committee members * site visit expenses of core review team and DENR staff * supplies/materials for data validation of the review team * logistical support for EIARC meetings * public hearing 7 In Pesos as per October 1997. 8It is uncertain how these regulations are and will be applied. As stated in the DENR procedural manual, expenses for honoraria of EIARC and logistical support for the review including committee meetings/deliberations will apply to all proponents submitting EIS. However, costs of site visit, data validation and public hearing are subject to the requirements as determined by the EIARC/EMPAS in the course of the review. Depending on the sufficiency and substantive content of the IEE/EIS report submitted, the EIARC/EMPAS may decide to forego or undertake any or all the required validation activities. Main text 13 Version 2, July, 2000  LGU Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project Environmental Assessment WSSPMO-DILG I DBP I WB Operational Manual 2.4.3 Future express lane for IEE/EIS review A DENR proposal has been made to include a possibility to speed up the review process. However, a study still has to be undertaken to determine the feasibility of this proposal. The "Express Lane" has been recommended to be set-up at EMB/DENR-RO to specifically review EIS and process ECC at a much shorter period for proponents who demand such services and are willing to pay the added expenses. There are proponents who are more than willing to pay a premium amount if only to further fast track the EIS review of their projects in order to meet their construction schedules and/or commitments. 2.5 Possible additional requirements Depending on the sufficiency and completeness of the IEE, the DENR-RO may require additional information from the proponent. Also, the proponent may be obliged to proceed to the preparation of a full Environmental Impact Statement (EIS), depending on the size of the project, fragility of the project site, project components and production process; and to some extent, capital investment. The main formal additional requirements for an EIS may include: * The preparation and approval of a formal scoping report; * Public hearing instead of public consultation. The specific additional requested documentation would have to be discussed with the DENR authorities during the submittal and evaluation process. Main text 14 Version 2, July, 2000  LGU Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project Environmental Assessment WSSPMO-DILG / DBP / WB Operational Manual 3 MAIN COMPONENTS OF THE IEE/EA REPORTS 3.1 General The main components of the IEE should cover all possible environmental issues and mitigation measures to be taken, as agreed upon with the LGU. As such, it should: * Identify all potential environmental issues/ impacts associated with the project type relative to the ECA location; * Identify all significant environmental impacts (SEls); * Resolve all significant environmental impacts within the scope of the IEE; and * Recommend additional studies and/or an EIS to resolve outstanding issues/ impacts. Based on the experiences in the first batch of the LGU-UWSS project, the technical report could consist between 6 to 10 pages (annexes excluded). A brief executive summary (max. 1 page) should be included to give the reader a quick overview on the objectives, activities and findings of the Environmental Assessment. Steps in the preparation of the substantive (technical) IEE report include: * Inventory of the environmental baseline conditions (see section 3.2); * Systematic environmental comparison of alternative investments, sites, technologies and designs, including all the significant adverse environmental impacts that are anticipated (see section 3.3); * Mitigation or environmental management plan, including a Monitoring plan (see section 3.4); * Conclusions and recommendations (see section 3.5). 3.2 Assessment of environmental baseline conditions Data should be collected during field visits and desk studies. Because the required IEE is not a full-scale assessment, information may come primarily from existing reports/studies supplemented by some field data and consultations with affected stakeholders. A checklist of the most relevant issues9 is given in Table 1. A listing of consulted documents and reports should be included as an Annex. Field visits should mainly focus on an initial field inspection of the concerned area and consultations with the LGU administration. Initial environmental concerns of both the LGU administration and the IEE preparer should be discussed and possible mitigation requirements should be identified. 9 More elaborated examples of checklists for Urban Environmental Assessment can be found in Leitman (1994): Rapid Urban Assessment. Lessons from Cities in the Developing World (WB Urban Management Program, 2 volumes). Main text 15 Version 2, July, 2000  LGU Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project Environmental Assessment WSSPMO-DILG / DBP I WB Operational Manual Table I Checklist for assessment of environmental baseline conditions Environmental Conditions To be checked Condition of watershed / catchment / * Check for adequacy of management and protection groundwater (GW) aquifer recharge * Identify existing or potential threats to quality and quantity area (=sustainability) of source of supply * Gather available data on past trend of water quality and yield Levels and quality of shallow GW * Take samples and check for Fecal Coliform (FC), Nitrates, Iron and salinity * Gather available data on trends of GW quality and yield Surface drainage system including * Assess adequacy and proper functioning water courses * Identify deficiencies, such as lack of drains, stagnant / ponding water, clogged drains, undersized culverts and bridges * Take water samples and check for FC and BOD * Assess demand for drainage improvements (through consultation) On-site sanitation systems * Determine percentage of coverage by type / category * Estimate percentage of systems functioning adequately * Estimate percentage of households without adequate systems * Assess demand for individual or community systems, affordability and willingness-to-pay (through consultation) Solid Waste Management * Assess general cleanliness of urban area * Check existing arrangements for garbage * Check availability of adequate disposal site, and disposal procedures * Assess demand for improved garbage collection Gather available public health * Check for history of waterborne diseases statistics * Outbreak of epidemics * Morbidity and mortality rates * Historic water quality data of existing water supply system (if any) An important step during the data collection is a (or multiple) 'Scoping' visit(s) to the DENR main or regional office. Although scoping is not officially mandatory by the DENR in the preparation, it is strongly advised to introduce the project to the DENR officials and to explain the range of actions to be undertaken and alternative and impacts to be examined. A map of the project location should be prepared, including delineation and mapping of project site relative to political jurisdiction/boundaries (barangay, municipality, province, region). If existing, the location of Environmental Critical Areas and National Integrated Protected Areas should be indicated or included as separate maps. Maps indicating ECAs and NIPA can be obtained from the DENR Regional Office. During the IEE preparation, a close cooperation with the Engineering Consultant will be required. As the Engineering Consultant will carry out an extensive survey in the towns, information will be obtained among others on socioeconomic conditions, public health, water resources, and sanitary conditions. These data should be incorporated in the Main text 16 Version 2, July, 2000  LGU Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project Environmental Assessment WSSPMO-DILG / DBP /WB Operational Manual Environmental Assessment. Also, environmental issues and concerns will have to be included in the public consultations (see section 1.4), in the selection of alternatives (see section 3.3.3), and discussed and agreed upon with the LGUs (see 3.4.2). 3.3 Analysis and comparison of potential environmental impacts 3.3.1 Prediction of general environmental impacts In the WB Environmental Assessment Sourcebook no separate detailed section on environmental impacts of water supply development is included. As a reference on environmental impacts, the reader is referred to the Chapters on Land and Water Resources Management, Wastewater collection, Treatment, Reuse and Disposal system, and Oil and Gas pipelines. A distinction is made between general environmental impacts, independent from the selected water source, and water source specific impacts. General impacts are described in the current section. Impacts that are specifically related to the selection and usage of springs, groundwater and surface water are elaborated in sections 4.2.2, 4.2.1, and 4.2.3, respectively. However, it should be noted that the overviews may not be complete and additional issues and impacts could be considered relevant. Table 2 summarizes in random order possible general impacts, including an overview of possible mitigation measures. Selected issues on wastewater, land acquisition and compensation are elaborated below. More detailed technical guidelines for the various project components are described in Chapter 4. Main text 17 Version 2, July, 2000  LGU Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project Environmental Assessment WSSPMO-DILG / DBP / WB Operational Manual Table 2 Overview of general potential impacts and mitigation measures Phase Potential Negative Impact Possible Mitigation measures Pre- Lack of control of water * Acquire land directly around the water source construction source * Obtain water permit from NWRB (see Annex A. VII) Conflicting interests of water * Check sufficient availability of water users * Secure proper compensation arrangements Land acquisition and * Usage of public grounds (e.g. roads, etc.) resettlement (see also below) * Provision of proper compensation Disturbance of land use and * Usage of public owned areas economic activities (see also * Provision of proper compensation below) Construction Disturbance of the land use * Minimize impacts and provide proper compensation for economic losses * Restore Los of natural vegetation * Replanting of areas Disturbance of stream * Erosion/sedimentation control during construction channels, aquatic plant and animal habitats Soil and water contamination * Control (collection, disposal) of waste Hindrance (noise, air * Minimize hindrance to local population pollution, traffic, etc) due to * Engage and Provide labor for local population construction activities * Usage of main roads where possible. Soil erosion and compaction * Proper runoff and erosion control through land protection and drainage channels * Heavy traffic restrictions Safety hazards * Application of proper safety and warning measures * Provision of temporary crossings and bridges * Public information campaign Operation Increase of public health * Secure the construction of proper on-site sanitary hazards due to increase of facilities if still lacking; wastewater (see also below) * Construct on-site soakaways for waste water and sullage * Maintain and/or improve storm water drainage system for sullage Contamination of stream * Assure that inflow is relatively small compared to channels receiving river discharge * No routing of sewer lines directly in stream channels Water logging and * Maintain and/or improve storm water drainage salinization system Soil erosion * Proper runoff and erosion control through land protection and drainage channels Main text 18 Version 2, July, 2000  LGU Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project Environmental Assessment WSSPMO-DILG / DBP / WB Operational Manual 3.3.2 Land acquisition, compensation and resettlement Land acquisition will be required for the protection of the immediate surroundings of the water source, allowing only activities related to water supply. No official guidelines on the size of protected areas around water sources exist yet in the Philippines. Therefore, based on international experience, an estimate is made on the area to be acquired, both for location within and outside residential zones (Table 3). These estimates should provide enough immediate protection against contamination of the drinking water source due to accidents and improper land use. Specific additional protection requirements for groundwater and spring sources are elaborated in sections 4.2.1 and 4.2.2, respectively. Table 3 Guidelines for the minimum land acquisition for water sources protection Water Source Minimum land acquisition Minimum land acquisition Remarks requirements outside requirements within residential areas residential areas Spring 20-50 m around the spring Not advisable Additional protection of the box watershed is mandatory (see section 4.2.2) Deep well 10-20 m around the well 30-50m around the well Additional protection measures for the recharge area is recommended (see section 4.2.1) Surface water Size of the intake and Size of the intake and Extensive upstream water intake treatment plant treatment plant quality monitoring will be necessary to allow for control of polluters Sludge 1000 - 2000 m2 Not acceptable disposal The content and level of details for plans on land acquisition, compensation and resettlement to be incorporated into the EMPs will vary with circumstances and the magnitude of resettlement. If minor impacts or measures will be required, the purpose and size of the required land acquisition should be indicated. If major impacts or measures will be required, separate resettlements plans will be required according to the WB OD 4.30 (Annex B. IV). Implementation of these requirements is further elaborated in the separate chapter of the Operational Manual on Compensation and Resettlement. 3.3.3 Comparison and selection of alternatives A first comparison of the main identified and feasible alternatives can be carried out in the form of a summary matrix of alternatives (see Table 4). Such analysis briefly indicates the main environmental issues and possible impacts of all the alternatives. A sub-division for the pre-construction, construction, and operation phase has to be included. To provide a complete comparison of possible environmental degradation and/or improvements, the "no-project' alternative should be included. This enables to include and highlight also positive impacts brought by the project. Main text 19 Version 2, July, 2000  LGU Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project Environmental Assessment WSSPMO-DILG / DBP / WB Operational Manual Rating of impacts in the summary matrix will be generally qualitative only, as quantitative analyses will in most cases be beyond the scope of the IEE preparation. However, available quantitative/numerical data could be included in the matrix or further elaborated in the mitigation and monitoring plans. Table 4 Example of a summary matrix of Environmental Issues/lmpacts Phase Environmental "No project' Alternative 1: Alternative 2: Alternative 3: parameter Alternative Spring water Deep well etc... supply water supply Pre- Reliability of water - - + construction availability Reliability of water -- - + quality Land acquisition and 0 -- 0 resettlement Disturbance of land use 0 -- 0 and economic activities Construction Disturbance of the land 0 0 0 use Los of natural vegetation 0 0 0 Disturbance of stream 0 - 0 channels, aquatic plant and animal habitats Soil and water 0 - contamination Hindrance (noise, air 0 0 pollution, traffic, etc) due to construction activities Soil erosion and 0 - compaction Operation Public health -- + + Contamination of stream 0 - channels Water logging and 0 0 0 salinization Soil erosion 0 0 0 Legend: -- Significant negative environmental impact - Moderate negative environmental impact o None or insignificant environmental impact + Beneficial environmental impact n.a. Not applicable Close cooperation with the other consultants should be maintained during the selection process to obtain an acceptable compromise between social, economic/financial, technical and environmental criteria's. The goal of this "multi-criteria" selection process is to balance development and environmental protection, not to consider them as conflicting problems only (i.e. "trade-offs'). However, although environmental considerations are not the only decisive factors for the selection, negative environmental impacts should receive ample attention and proper mitigation measures should be secured. 3.4 Drafting of an Environmental Management Plan Main text 20 Version 2, July, 2000  LGU Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project Environmental Assessment WSSPMO-DILG I DBP / WB Operational Manual 3.4.1 General An Environmental Management Plan will be prepared for the selected alternative (see section 3.3.3). The EMP consists in principle of three main components: * An environmental Mitigation Plan (see section 3.4.2); * An environmental Monitoring Plan (see section 3.4.3); * Overview of the implementation arrangements (see section 3.4.4). Both the Environmental Mitigation and the Monitoring plans can be presented in the form of a summary matrix. Quarterly compliance reports on both the Mitigation and Monitoring plans will be prepared by the water system operator/LGU (see section 5) and submitted to the DENR and the GFIIPMO. 3.4.2 Mitigation Plan A project's mitigation plan (MiP) consists of the set of measures to be taken during implementation and operation to eliminate, offset, or reduce adverse environmental impacts to acceptable levels. Limited mitigationl