China - Water Conservation Project : environmental assessment (Vol. 1 of 4) : Environmental impact assessment report

.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.- ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ - China In'st'itu c nd 6Ioa *p% -. r- * f... -wil~ ~ ~  A  1wA j -:' . _ _,,,_ , _, ,_,_ __. , ,,,__t S -. 4. - 4 :'..- D )~~~~~~~~4 -4 g jn'~Zj tZ;[ a_ 3Z; ~~~~~~~~~~.,:----w x-', - .;=__X  A  Water Conservancy Project Financed by the World Bank Environmental Impact Assessment Report Implementation agency Environment Impact Assessment and Research Center of IWHR Person in Charge of Assessment Institution Chen Kaiqi Person in Charge of Project Chen Kaiqi, Wang Dongsheng Project Participants: Wang Dongsheng,Lu Guangsi,Zhu Yao,Chen Kaiqi,Jiang Aichun,Tan Hongwu Report Compiler Wang Donghsheng Report Examiner Liu Lanfen  I  China: Water Conservation Project General EIA Report Table of Contents 1. Generals 1.1 Background 1.1.1 Project sense 1.1.2 Environmental impact assessment 1.2 Compilation accordance and assessment standard 1.2.1 Compilation accordance 1.2.2 Assessment standard 1.3 Assessment component, focal point and environmental protection goal 1.3.1 Assessment component 1.3.2 Assessment scope 1.3.3 Assessment focal point 1.3.4 Objectives of environmental protection 1.4 Assessment level 1.5 Assessment principles 1.6 Assessment procedures and planning 1.7 Brief of assessment works 2. Project situations and project analysis 2.1 Project situations 2.1.1 Project name, character and components 2.1.2 Project scale and investment 2.1.3 Project objectives 2.1.4 Project selection criteria 2.1.5 Project area distribution 2.2 Project components 2.2.1 Water conservancy component 2.2.2 Agricultural component 2.2.3 Forestry component 2.2.4 Management, research and technical assistance 2.2.5 Management measures for water saving 2.3 Project analysis 2.3.1 Analysis on environment impact of water conservancy project 2.3.2 Analysis on environment impact of agricultural project 2.3.3 Environment impact of construction process 2.3.4 Project impact on water resources utilization, social and economic development 2.4 Identification and preparation of environmental impact factors 3. Project area 3.1 Natural environment in the project area 3.1.1 Topography 3.1.2 Climate 3.1.3 Soil and plants  3.1.4 River system 3.1.5 Hydrogeography 3.2 Social economic conditions 3.2.1 Populations 3.2.2 National economy 3.2.3 Agricultural production 3.3 Generals for the construction of water conservancy works 3.3.1 Generals of constructed water conservancy works 3.3.2 Main exist problems during construction of water conservancy works 3.3.3 Role of irrigation in agricultural production 4. Present Status of environmental quality and water resources assessment 4.1 Pollution sources 4.2 Soil quality 4.2.1 Soil fertility 4.2.2 Soil heavy metal 4.3 Present situation of surface water quality 4.3.1 Water quality of irrigation water sources 4.3.2 Irrigation backwater quality in the project area 4.4 Present situation of groundwater quality 4.5 Analysis on the present situation of water shortage in the project area 4.5.1 Analysis on the present situation of water shortage in the well-irrigation area 4.5.2 Analysis on the present situation of water shortage in the river or/and bank irrgation area 4.6 Conclusions of the present environment in the project area 5. Environmental impact assessment and environmental protection measures 5.1 Project positive impact on the environment 5.2 Analysis on the impact of water saving irrigation on groundwater enviromnent 5.2.1 Level variation and utilization of groundwater in the project area 5.2.2 Impact of water saving irrigation on groundwater level 5.3 Impact of fertilizer application on the soil and water environment 5.3.1 Fertilizer application situations 5.3.2 Main influencing factors to the formation of N03-N in field groundwater 5.3.3 Inpact of nitrogenous fertilizer on groundwater pollution under water saving irrigation 5.4 Impacts of pesticide on soil and groundwater 5.4.1 Application of pesticides in the project areas 5.4.2 Behavior of pesticide in soil and groundwater 5.4.3 Impacts of pesticide on groundwater after project 5.5 Environment impact during construction period 5.6 Social impact assessment 5.6.1 The project alleviates the regional conflicts of water supply and demand 5.6.2 Impact on rural production method after project 5.6.3 Impact on agricultural economy 5.6.4 Women's roles in project 5.6.5 SIDD's impact on social environment 5.7 Measures to alleviate pollution of pesticide and fertilizer to water environment  5.7.1 Measures to alleviate pollution of pesticide and fertilizer to water environment 5.7.2 Measures to alleviate adverse impact during construction period 5.7.3 Other environmental issues and control measures 6. Environment benefit analysis 6.1 Project financing 6.2 Economic benefit analysis 6.2.1 Adjusting crop sort 6.2.2 Increase of agricultural/forest production 6.3 Social benefit analysis 6.3.1 Disaster alleviation and prevention 6.3.2 Mitigation of water right and conflicts 6.3.3. Accelerate regional economic development 6.3.4 Promote social stable 6.4 Environment benefit analysis 6.4.1 Environment benefit of forestry 6.4.2 Environment benefit of agriculture 6.4.3 Environment benefit of water conservancy 7. Environment monitoring plan and protection and management plan 7.1 Environment monitoring plan 7.1.1 Objective 7.1.2 Monitoring plan 7.2 Environment protection and management plan 7.2.1 Environment management during construction period 7.2.2 Environment management during operation period 7.2.3 Establishment of special environment management organization 7.2.4 Establishment of environment monitoring and report system 8. Public involvement 8.1 Survey objects and method 8.2 Survey results 9. Conclusions and recommendations 9.1 Main positive impact 9.2 Main adverse impacts and prevention measures 9.3 Conclusions and recommendations  I  General 1.1 Background 1.1.1 Project sense China is an agricultural country with more populations and less cultivated lands which are always restricted factors for the whole national development. With the economic development and the increase of populations, solving the issue of feeding more than one billion population is always a matter of prime importance for the social and economic development of China. China is also a country with frequent flood and drought disasters and short water resources, even though the total water resources volume takes the sixth place of the world, its average per capita is only one fourth of that of the world level, making up the 110th place and was designated by the United Nations as one of the thirteen water short countries. The limited water resources is distributed unevenly at space and time, which are more in the south and less in the north, more in the east and less in the west, more in summer and autumn and less in winter and spring. The composition of water and land resources is non-proportional, the water resources in North China where the land area constitutes 60% of the whole country can't makes up 20% of that of the whole country and its seasonal and regional water shortage is very prominent. On the one hand, the water resources are very short, and on the other hand, they are wasted seriously in agriculture. At present, the utilization factor of irrigation water in China is only 0.4, however, it can reach 0.8-0.9 in advanced countries, therefore, there are great potentials for water saving in agriculture in China. If the utilization factor of irrigation water in the constructed irrigated areas of China can be increased by 0.1-0.2, the annual water saving volume will reach 40-80 billion cubic meters calculated as 400 billion cubic meters water consumption in agriculture and this will play an important role in alleviating the contradictions between water resources supply and demand. At present, the water use efficiency of irrigation water in China is very low, the cereal production per cubic meter water can't reach 1.0 kilogram which is less than 50% of that in developed countries. On the basis of the "Ninth Five Year Plan of the National Economy and Social Development and the National Program for Long Term Objective in 2010", the main objective in agricultural development in China is to newly increase 20 billion kilograms cereal production in the ninth five years. Irrigation is one of the key factors to realize the above objective. Developing water saving irrigation is an important way for increasing the utilization efficiency of irrigation water, the comprehensive agricultural productivity and fanner's income and promoting the sustainable utilization of water resources and the sustainable development of agriculture, it is of great significance in water short districts.  In order to raise enough funds, the state planed to borrow loan from the World Bank to develop water saving irrigation projects in Hebei, Beijing, Shenyang and Qingdao four provinces and municipalities, meanwhile, undertake the construction of agricultural modification and corollary projects. 1.1.2 Environmental impact assessment According to the "Notice for Strengthening the Management of Environmental Impact Assessment in International Financial Organization Loan Project" and the "Guideline for Environmental Impact Assessment of the World Bank (OP4.01)", China Institute for Water Resources and Hydropower Research (IWHR) accepted the entrustment from the Comprehensive Agricultural Development Office (CADO) to undertake the environmental impact assessment of the project in July 1999, finished the compilation of the environmental impact assessment outline at the end of August 1999 and passed the review by the departments in chief of the State's Environmental Protection Bureau. It carried out project investigation immediately after that, collected data from all sides and made the environmental impact assessment. T-his project is a modification for irrigation technologies, perfect the irrigation installations on the basis of the former irrigated area and won't exploit new water sources. Its aim is to increase the utilization factor of water resources, promote the virtuous circle of agricultural ecological environment and realize the sustainable development of agricultural production. Therefore, water conservation project is an environmental improvement project to a great extent. The project areas are located in the northern districts of China with frequent flood and drought disasters and weak agricultural ecological environment. Since the foundation of the People's Republic of China, large-scale water conservancy and agricultural constructions had been carried out and the agricultural ecological environment had been improved to a certain extent, however, some issues also occurred with that. The excessive extraction of water resources in some districts had resulted in the shriveling of river channels and the descent of groundwater level and the large quantity application of fertilizer and pesticide had led to the soil and water environment pollution. Resolving these issues is a new task and a higher requirement to water conservancy provided for the sustainable development of agriculture. Because these project areas are located in the extensive rural areas of China and their distribution is wide and scattered, their basis for environmental monitoring research is very weak, especially they are short of available data of groundwater environment, which is the focal and difficult point of the assessment. Moreover, the theoretical research on the impact of fertilizer on soil and water environment is still in the preliminary stage and it's more difficult in practical use. Therefore, we consulted a lot of data in research, broadly used the domestic and external relevant theories and methods for reference and focused on more detailed discussion and analysis on the impact of water saving irrigation on groundwater level, the activities of pesticide and fertilizer in soil and groundwater and 2  the impact of water saving irrigation on groundwater environment. We made a detailed assessment to Hebei, Qingdao, Beijing and Shenyang project areas. 1.2 Compilation accordance and assessment standard 1.2.1 Compilation accordance Some relevant laws and regulations of environmental protection "Environmental Protection Laws of PRC" (26th Dec. 1989) "Water Laws of PRC" (5th Sep. 1987) "Water Pollution Control Laws of PRC" (1 1th May 1984) No. (98) 253 of the State Council "Environmental Protection Rules for Construction Project" "Notice for Strengthening the Management of Enviromnental Imnpact Assessment in International Financial Organization Loan Project" 1993 324 issued by the State's Environmental Protection Bureau, the Planning Commission, the Financial Ministry and the People's Bank of China "Guideline for Environmental Impact Assessment of the World Bank (OP4.01)" "Instructions for Environmental Impact Assessment" (HJ/T 2.2-2.3-93) Some relevant documents and reports The entrustment book of environmental impact assessment for the WB Financed Water Conservancy Project The Project Implementation Plan of the WB Financed Water Conservancy Project issued by CADO PIP report of WB Financed Water Conservancy Project Hebei province PIP report Beijing municipality PIP report Qingdao municipality PIP report Shenyang municipality PIP report 1.2.2 Assessment standard "Standard for Field Irrigation Water Quality" (GB5084-92) "Standard for Surface water quality"(GB3838-88) "Standard for Groundwater Quality" (GB/T14848-93) "Standard for Soil Environment" (GB15618-95) The above standards can be carried out according to the environment role in different project areas 3  1.3 Assessment component, assessment focal point and environmental protection goal 1.3.1 Assessment component *Analysis on the impact of the project implementation on environmental protection -Present status of environmental quality *Impact of water resources utilization on water environment -Analysis on the impact of pesticide and fertilizer on soil and water environment *Environmental impact assessment in construction period -Impact of the project implementation on social economic development *The public's evaluation to the project * Countermeasures on environmental protection *Investment for environmental protection and profit analysis *Program for environmental management and monitoring 1.3.2 Assessment scope and period T-he construction scope of the project is the assessment scope, the assessment period is mainly the operation period of the project and brief assessment was made in the construction period of the project. 1.3.3 Assessment focal point The project mainly involves water body environment. It will have no atmosphere and solid waste influence basically except there are some partial and periodic light machinery noises and dust. Therefore, the main impact that the project involves is water environment. There are no sensitive environmental protection objectives in these project areas according to the regional environmental function division and environmental protection planing of each province and municipality. These project areas are located in the water- deficient areas of the North of China, groundwater has shown a tendency of overdraft, the continuous descent of groundwater level and the continuous expansion of funnel area are the main regional environmental problems. If the implementation of the project will aggravate the shortage of water resources, especially in areas where groundwater is the main irrigation water sources, if the implementation of the project will lead to or aggravate the continuous descent of groundwater level is the focal point of the assessment. In order to increase the yield of agricultural production, it's anticipated that the applied amnount of pesticide and fertilizer will increase for the regulation of planting structures, if pesticide and fertilizer will pollute the soil and water environment is another assessment focal point. 4  Because the project focuses on increasing the utilization factor of water resources, the implementation of the project will exert positive impact on the rational use of water resources and the socio-economic development in the beneficiary areas. We will focally analyze the positive impact of the implementation of the project on resources, environment, society and economy. 1.3.4 Objectives of environmental protection Because most of the project areas are irrigated with groundwater, the essential objective to be protected is concentrated mainly on groundwater environment. The implementation of water saving irrigation should balance water resources supply and demand and needn't result in the continuous descent of groundwater level and the continuous expansion of funnel area. Adopting effective measures to apply pesticide and fertilizer rationally and ensuring not to aggravate groundwater and other environmental pollution. 1.4 Assessment level The construction of the project focuses on the utilization of water resources, the desired effect for the construction of the project is that it can increase the utilization factor of water resources and reduce the waste of irrigation water looking from the overall and long-term point of views. It's an environment improvement project with respect to the impact of agricultural production on water resources. The adverse impacted scope and degree of the project on enviromnent is limited according to the principles for level division from the Environmental Monitoring Document No. [1993] 324 and the World Bank (OP4.01). So the environmental assessment level of the project is B, however, the continuous descent of groundwater level and the continuous expansion of funnel area in some regions are the focus of the project. Therefore, assessment on the implementation of the project on the impact of the descent of groundwater level and groundwater quality will be strengthened both in depth and breadth. 1.5 Assessment principles The environmental impact assessment of the project will enforce the laws, regulations and some relevant standards for enviromnental protection of the state, meet the stipulations and demands on environmental impact assessment in International Financial Organization Loan Project and the demand for depth and assessment component in the "Guideline for Environmental Impact Assessment of the World Bank (OP4.01)". Analyzing the project's possible environment impact according to the feasibility study report from each project area, carrying out assessment through typical investigation, analogy, reasoning and conclusion etc. methods and demonstrating the feasibility of the project and the rationality of the drafted environmental protection measures in view of 5  environmental protection. Because these project areas are broad and scattered and the impact of the adoption of sprinkler irrigation, micro irrigation, drip irrigation, pipe irrigation and canal lining etc. measures, the change of crops and water duty and the application of pesticide and fertilizer etc. many factors, the assessment objective is regional environmental impact and realize the integration from point to surface and focal analysis in methods. 1.6Assessment procedures and planing The assessment planing and working procedures of the project is shown in chart 1. 1.7 Assessment work and introduction of the assessment department The environmental impact assessment of the water conservation project can be made by two gradations, i.e. compiling and completing each provincial and municipal environmental impact assessment report and then completing the general report of the environmental impact assessment. The environmental impact assessment report of each province and municipality was completed directed by China Institute for Water Resources and Hydropower Research (IWHR) and assisted by each provincial and municipal relevant department and the general report of the environmental impact assessment was completed by IWHR. China Institute for Water Resources and Hydropower Research (IWHR) has the first level environmental impact assessment certificate issued by the State's Environmental Protection Bureau. She is a multi-purpose institute engaging in the assessment of water conservation and electric power etc. resources, environmental protection and engineering construction, she has directed and participated in many environmental impact assessments of water conservation, electric power, agriculture and regional development. (to be finalized) Chart 1 assessment program 2 Project situations and project analysis 2.1 Project situations 2.1.1 Project name and character Project name: Water Conservation Project Project character: agricultural infrastructure construction Project liable department: Comprehensive Agricultural Development Office Project component: the water conservation project will include the following components 6  in the light of the World Bank's purpose and in association with the actual conditions of the five project areas: -Water conservation: mainly include developing canal lining, low pressure pipe irrigation, sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation four water saving irrigation projects. -Agriculture: it will adopt agricultural water saving measures, such as soil improvement, seed production, extension of agricultural technology and training, pest and disease control and purchase of agro-machinery etc. Forestry and environmental protection: forestry and environmental protection project was planed such as construction of field forest shelter and monitoring of groundwater level, water quality and soil in order to improve the ecological environment. Institutional development and support: mainly include technical assistance, training, study tours, applied research, SIDD and MIS in order to coordinate with the water conservation and agricultural water saving measures, strengthen the water saving management measures in the project- areas and improve the scientific management level. 2.1.2 Project scale and investment The project is going to develop 113,952 ha. (1.7093 million mu) of water saving irrigation area in line with the local conditions, of which, sprinkling irrigation area 23,411 ha. (351,200 mu), micro irrigation area 12,075 ha. (181,300 mu), low pressure pipeline irrigation area 51,838 ha. (777,600 million mu) and canal lining controlled area 26,628 ha. (393,400 mu). The planned water saving irrigation area of the five provinces (municipalities) is provided below respectively: Beijing 24,800 ha. (372,000 mu), Hebei 29,400 ha. (441,000 mu), Shenyang 39,200 ha (588,000 mu) and Qingdao 18,900 ha (284,000 mu). Table 2.1 Controlled Areas in the Project Areas Project Total Beijing Hebei Qingdao Shenyang Planning Without With Without With Without With Without With Without With project project project project project project project project project project Canal lining 0 48248 0 1918 0 13074 0 5033 0 6667 Low-pressure 2142 74097 0 19315 0 14366 2142 13467 0 5333 pipe irrigation Sprinkler 0 30322 0 1684 0 1350 0 1500 0 18933 irrigation Drip irrigation 333 21994 0 1883 0 657 333 1330 0 8267 Total 2475 114727 0 23974 0 29447 2475 21331 0 39200 7  The total investment of the project is 1637245.97 thousand yuan, and its schedule for each province and municipality respectively is: the total investment in Beijing is 3575513.10 thousand yuan, 23% of the total investment, including the World Bank loan of 17000 thousand USD. The total investment in Hebei Province is 258144.3 thousand yuan, 16% of the total investment, including the World Bank loan of 13000 thousand USD. The total investment in Qingdao City is 199055.6 thousand yuan, 13% of the total investment, including the World Bank loan of 10000 thousand USD. The total investment in Shenyang City is 719917.7 thousand yuan, 48% of the total investment, including the World Bank loan of 37000 thousand USD. Table 2.2 Project Investment Funds source Total % of total Beijing Hebei Qingdao Shenyang invest Total investment 2218245.97 100.00 375513.10 269750.00 207514.87 784468.00 1.WB Loan 871500.00 39.29 141100.00 107900.00 83000.00 307100.00 2.Counterpart Fund 680868.11 30.69 172436.07 80925.00 62257.44 190949.60 301574.95 13.60 73287.75 26975.00 0.00 143212.20 Province/municipali Prefecture /city 171400.63 7.73 26146.91 26975.00 31128.72 0.00 County /township 207892.53 9.37 73001.41 26975.00 31128.72 47737.40 3. Self-financed 665877.87 30.02 61977.03 80925.00 62257.44 286418.40 fund Raised by farrners 363537.19 16.39 32536.77 40462.50 31128.72 143209.20 Farmer's labor 302340.68 13.63 29440.26 40462.50 31128.72 143209.20 Note: the total investment includes the interest during the construction period of the project. 2.1.3 Project objective The overall objectives of the project are 1) to increase the utilization factor of irrigation water; 2) to increase the capability of comprehensive production of agriculture and farmers' income, and 3) to promote the sustainable utilization of water resources and sustainable development of agriculture. According to "Technical Standard of Water Conservation Irrigation"(SL207-98) and combining with the characteristics of the project and specific technical requirements of the World Bank, the following main technical indexes for the water saving project have been decided: -The utilization factor of irrigation water should be more than 0.5, 0.6 and 0.7 respectively based on the size of irrigation works from large, medium and small. The 8  utilization factor of water by different irrigation patterns should be more than 0.80-0.85 for well irrigation, 0.85 for sprinkling irrigation and 0.9 for drip irrigation. *The productivity of water should be increased at least by 20% and the cereal productivity per unit ET is more than 1.5-1.8 kg/m3. *The water saving volume in diversion is more than 20%. -The target of production increase of cereal and cotton: The production increase of grain and cotton is more than 15%. *The target of revenue increase of farmers: The net revenue increase per farmer is more than 200 Yuan. -Economic and financial indexes: The financial IRR is more than 12% and the rate of benefits and cost is more than 2:1 considering the risk analysis. 2.1.4 Project selection criteria According to the strategic layout of the national development plan of water saving irrigation, part of project counties located in the northern, northeast and northwest of China where the water resources is insufficient have been selected. Project areas are selected among the best according to the local financial capability, the initiative of local governments and farmers, the amount of loan from the WB and the overall planning. The basic principles for project selection are as follows: *The region should be lack of water resources, Water saving irrigation is badly needed for agriculture sustainable development; local government and farmers have high initiative for the technology of water saving irrigation development. The contradiction regional water resources supply and demand could be alleviated through the development of water saving irrigation. -The selected project area should have a certain foundation of irrigation works and basically guarantee for flood control, drainage, water source for irrigation and usually key engineering works are need not to be constructed. The construction of the project should take the following contents of technical improvement, tapping the potential of existing system, completing the irrigation facilities below laterals, spreading the technology of water saving irrigation and establishing modernized, water conservation and high efficiency agricultural region as the main. -In recent years, it has gained a certain experiences and laid a certain foundation on water saving irrigation. Pilot areas for water saving irrigation have been set up. There are groups of technicians who are familiar with the technology of water saving irrigation and can guide farmers to work and manage the project. -The socialized service system of agriculture and irrigation is completed. The infra- structural facilities and means of seed production, agro- machinery, pest and disease control and drought-relief service are fairly good and it is not necessary to input more agricultural measures. The level of scientific farming of farmers is relatively higher and the consciousness of market economy and commodity is strong. 9  *The region should have' great potentials in the yield increase and remarkable economic benefits in developing water saving irrigation. The project area should be convenient in transportation and circulation of agricultural products and have wide market. -It should combine with the 300 key counties of water saving and yield increase of the state and comprehensive development region of agriculture as much as possible, that is favorable to raising funds through multi-channels, increasing the comprehensive benefits of investment and ensuring the domestic counterpart funds. It should not be duplicated with the existing WB project areas, such as IAIL2 Project. -Local governments should have a certain capability of counterpart funds and farmers are willing to invest and input labor for ensuring smooth implementation of the project. In addition, the creditor's rights and liabilities should be confirmed in order to pay back the loan timely. -It should be advantages to the improvement of agricultural production condition and ecological enviromnent, have the ability to make further advances of agricultural development and no new negative impact on the environment, such as the overdraft of ground water. It should closely combined increasing production, raising revenues, increasing farmers' income and realizing the goal of poverty alleviation and becoming comfortably off together. It should have remarkable social benefits. 2.1.5 Project area The project involves 62 counties (districts and cities) of five provinces (municipalities) of Beijing, Hebei, Liaoning (Shenyang) and Qingdao. The name of each project county is shown in Table 1. The great majority of those counties are comprehensive agricultural development counties approved by the state, of which 27 counties (districts and cities) are key counties of the 300 water conservation and yield increase of the state. Location of the project areas are provided in chart 2.1-2.6. Table 2.3 Basic Information of Water Saving Irrigation Project Name of Planned area for project Name of project county water saving No. province irrigation (104mu) (municipality) Beijing Chaoyang, Tongzhou*, Daxing*, Fangshan*, 2 Changping*, Miyun and Pinggu* 37.2 Hebei Shexian, Linzhang, Feixiang, Guantao, Cheng'an, 2 Jingjing*, Yuanshi and Yehe Irrigation Area 44.00 3 Qingdao Jimo, Chengyang, Laixi, Pingdu*, Jiaozhou and Jiaonan* 28.4 10  4 Shenyang Yuhong, Xinchengzi, Dongling,Sujiatun*, Kangping*, Faku, Liaozhong and Xinnin 58.8 Total 62 counties (district and city) 258.3 Note: * indicates the 300 key counties of water conservation and yield increase 2.2 Project component According to the objectives, principle of planning and technical standard, the project is decided as a project of spreading and applying advanced, high efficient and practical technology of water conservation. It is going to conduct further comprehensive development of agriculture by taking the improvement of medium and low yield of farmland as the main and establish a group of pilot areas in water saving and yield increase, combining with the agricultural strategy of high yield, high efficiency and best quality. The items of construction are mainly water conservancy engineering works and also give the consideration to the measures of agriculture and forestry and overall management of water, soil, farmland, forestry and roads. In the meanwhile, it is going to strengthen the institutional support, scientific and technical training and increase the level of scientific farming and irrigation management of farmers. 2.2.1 Water conservancy The focal point of the water conservation project is to develop canal lining, pipe irrigation, sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation etc. water saving irrigation patterns, the controlled areas of the various irrigation patterns in each province and municipality are detailed in table 2.1. Water conservancy items include development, utilization and rational allocation of water resources and application of water saving technology in the fields, forming a completed water conservancy engineering system. Facility improvement of water source The project won't include newly constructing large-scale water source works, the works for supplementing water source by diversion or rain collection should be constructed in some regions, including building new dams, ponds, pumping stations, canals and small sized storage and regulation structures for increasing the assurance factor of irrigation and realizing the optimum configuration of surface water resources and fully utilization of precipitation. In order to rationally develop and utilize groundwater, it needs to build new or repair existing motor-pumped wells, rationally control the density of motor- pumped well distribution and fully play the capability of regulation and storage of ground water of shallow strata. The details will be described in the corresponding water conveyance and field works. 11  Table 2.4 Component and Quantities of Canal Lining Irrigation in the Project Areas Component Unit Beijing IHebei iShenyang Qingdao Quantities l.canal lining km 150 Earth work m3 188720 1147590 861120 193095 Canals lining i3 46715 95091.5 161763 Precast U-channels m2 170000 604689 10785 Precast concrete pipes m 397758 16505 2.Structure No Check gates No 305 156 544 Culvers No 18 375 194 Outlets No 17 6220 794 Other structures No 16 5980 137 3. Pumping stations No Buildings (new) m3 Buildings (improving) M3 8240 Equipment (pump & Set 200 42 m otors)__ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ Others equipment Set 4. Rural transmission lines Km 51.43 5. Ruralroads Km 424.00 100 6. Water measure equipment Set 107 6841 300 189 Water delivery works Canal lining It is going to use canal lining in the project area and increase the efficiency of water transportation of canal system combining with the technical reformation of irrigation areas. The planed controlling area of canal lining is 26,700 ha. Pipe line delivery Low-pressure pipeline delivery is the main technical measure for spreading and applying water saving irrigation in the well-irrigated area. It is also one of the main works will be constructed by the project. It plans to construct low-pressure pipelines whose controlled area is 51,840. Water measure facilities Water measure facilities are not only the basic facilities for strengthening the management of irrigation water, but also the key technology for rationing water supply, water measuring irrigation and charges based on metric volume. The water 12  measuring facilities such as Partial flume, wide crest weir, triangular weir or small sized sluice gate system can be used in the fields. Table 2.5 Component and Quantities of Low Pressure Pipeline Irrigation Beijing |Hebei IShenyang |QingdaoT| Component Unit I_I_I_I Quantities I.Wells No 5 New wells No 285 50 375 Improved wells No 618 895 200 320 2. equipment (pump & Set 1923 1473 500 752 motors) 3.PVC pipes m 3061845 314392 1470040 923780 4. Plastic pipes m 218029 1220119 566000 .Water measure No 2195 1736 500 1014 equipment_ 6. Installment M3 2393448 1175002 2506670 871213 7. Rural transmission km 41.39 274.18 16.67 136.8 lines ______ 8. Rural roads km 834.34 35 Field irrigation works It is going to extend advanced sprinkling and micro irrigation and improve the technology of surface irrigation according to the different requirements by various crops in different regions. Sprinkling works The semi-fixed and movable irrigation system is selected rationally according to the factors of crop types, topographical conditions and investment of works. The project is going to construct 23,500 ha sprinkling irrigation works. Micro irrigation works 13  Table 2.6 Component and Quantities of Sprinkling Irrigation Unit Beijing Hebei Shenyang Qingdao Component quantities l .Wells No New wells No 35 23 Improved wells No 36 36 100 164 2. Equipment (pump & Set 36 76 500 187 motors) 3.PVC pipes m 76022 60079 518650 74649 4.Sprinlcing machines set 110 300 5. Sprinkler heads & Set 5584 3264 55683.33 2413 attachment 6. Plastic pipes m 7. Metal pipes m 32141 49692 1187660 7554 8. Water measure set 36 148 800 187 equipment 9. Installment m3 96640 47590 1110667 230476 10. Rural transmission km 1.6 29.54 290 35.2 lines__ _ _ ___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ I I.Rural roads km 48.236 8 Micro irrigation works include drip, micro sprinkling and infiltration irrigation. They are all partial irrigation. The project is going to develop micro irrigation for greenhouse vegetable and cash crops and plan to develop micro irrigation area of 12,080 ha based on the layout of industrialized planning of agriculture in the project area and combining with the construction of high yield, high efficiency and best quality agriculture and Vegetable Project of cities. 14  Table 2.7 Component and Quantities of Drip Irrigation Component Unit Beijing Hebei Shenyang Qingdao I .Wells No. quantities New wells No. 36 10 40 Improved wells No. 8 12 60 35 2. Equipment (pump & motors) Set 203 56 530 256 3.aPrnaryequipment& Set 6690 71 530 956 attachment _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ 4.Main/branch pipes m 629488 430730 216402 5. Fieldpipes m 12052541 3766496 84038 4219421 6.Water measure equipment Set 249 98 61450 641 7. Installment m3 691350 275500 4E+06 256838 9.Rural transmission lines Km 1.02 33.308 16.67 13.74 10. Rural roads Km 28.712 5 Improving the technology of surface irrigation The main measures for improving the technology of surface irrigation are as follows: 1) land leveling; 2) to design the size of rectangular plots in field or the length of ditches rationally according to the discharge of irrigation; and 3) to strengthen the management of irrigation and control irrigation time based on irrigation water demand. The project is going to introduce the technology of laser land leveling and develop leveled border irrigation. The technology of film covering irrigation, such as cotton or wide row crops will be extended. 48,000 ha. (720,000 mu) improved surface irrigation technology is planed to be applied and extended in the project. 2.2.2 Agricultural Support & Service Relevant agricultural technologies are to be adopted according to natural features and crop type in different regions: 15  Table 2.8 Agricultural Componernt in the Project Area Component Unit Beijing Hebei Shenyang Qingdao 1.water-saving agriculture and soil quantiti improvement es Land leveling Ha 12697 14317.5 27674 12966.8 Deep ploughing ha 12435 18694.7 17008.22 Wheat stalk shredding ha 12634 12669.9 7567 Fertilizer (k) t 1906 1866.25 2000 2538 Plastic film ha 9694 2900.63 25867 2846 Moisture retainer t 43.54 17.7856 500 22.5 2.quality seed production & extension Development of seeds farms ha 643 557 256 28 Seeds production ha 631 2561.1 2.56 240 Storehouse mi 1500 3720 500 Instrument and equipment Set 19 17 2 3.agro-machinery and service station Tractors No 67 63 200 153 Stalk shredding machine No 100 188 64 Tillage machine No 119 25 100 20 Seeder No 87 22 50 80 Harvester No 83 25 20 49 Technology of moisture retaining Deep ploughing or non-tillage technology is planed to be adopted timely according to the characteristics of crops and soil,. Non-tillage in dry season can reduce the evaporation of soil and infiltration loss of irrigation water. Deep ploughing in rainy season can increase the infiltration of precipitation and the capability of soil moisture retaining. It should plough deeply once every 3-5 years and the depth of plough should be 25-30 cm. Temperature increasing and moisture retaining technology such as wheat stalk shredding and plastic film covering The covering of stalk or plastic film can not only increase the ground temperature, but also greatly reduce the evaporation loss of soil and increase the utilization factor of water. The stalk covering can be completed together with field stalk shredding machine and harvester. 16  * Comprehensive management technology of water and fertilizer According to water and fertilizer demand, it will adopt the method of applying fertilizer through soil measuring and formula for balance fertilizer application. The method of deep applying and increasing the utilization ratio of fertilizer are recommended. * Rationally regulating the planting structure of crops According to the requirements of industrialized agriculture and in order to meet social demands and achieve the optimum economic and ecological benefits, planing structure of crops should be regulated rationally and the multiple crop index should be increased. In the regions where advanced irrigation technologies have adopted and the assurance coefficient of irrigation is higher should enlarge the planting proportion of cash crops for increasing economic benefits and farmers income. * Seed selection and cultivation technology of drought-resistance crops Seed base will be established to select and cultivate fine varieties of drought- resistance and high yield and realize the ratio of fine varieties in the project areas reaching at least 95%. Advanced cultivation technology and in association with moisture retaining technology to realize biological water conservation. 2.2.3 Forestry Table 2.9 Component of Forestry Beijing Hebei Qingdao Shenyang Component unit without With Without With Without With Without With project project project project project project project project I. field forest shelter Protected area ha 24799.5 24799.5 29447.0 29447.0 21330.7 21330.7 39200.0 39200.0 Deserved area ha 1532.35 1668.25 1231.60 1231.60 1712.00 1712.00 232.80 232.80 Present area ha 1245.50 923.17 1089.70 0.00 1048.59 Planed area ha 410.45 308.43 622.30 2. soil and water conservation forest Deserved area ha 21890.1 21890.1 4586.00 4586.00 1141.00 1391.00 Present area ha 17668.4 4506.00 1376.00 146.34 Planed area ha 4221.70 80.00 15.00 3. fruit tree Present area ha 4589.91 26.80 1663.00 800.00 Planed area ha 167.00 800.00 4. nursery _ 17  Present |ha |64.38 | l 67.00 | Planed area ha 169.06 71.00 866.67 In order to improve the ecological environment of farmlands, the project areas are also going to improve the forest belts of farmlands and conduct comprehensive management of water, soil, farmlands and forest. The investment in forestry is mainly for improving the existing field forest shelter and establishing a few fruit trees and nurseries. 2.2.4 Management, scientific research and technical assistance * Establishing the service system of agricultural production and technical extension of agriculture The service system of agricultural production includes seed production and extension, service of mechanized work in fields, maintenance and management of irrigation equipment, sale service of fertilizer and pesticide and disease and pest control. The service system of technical extension of agriculture is based on the technical extension station at village, township and county level and popularizes and extends science and technology of agriculture and water saving technology. The contents of service include demonstration, consultant, technical instruction, technology contract and supervision and monitoring of agricultural production conditions. * Scientific research and technical assistance The World Bank Loan Water Conservation Project includes many aspects of water conservancy, agriculture, environment and management, of which, many technologies are more advanced both at home and abroad. In order to solve the technical issues that might come out or exist during the implementation of the project, it is necessary to entrust related scientific research institutes or universities to undertake special studies of applied technology and provide relative technical service to ensure the project achieve the anticipated objectives. The planned applied study includes three aspects of irrigation technology, agriculture and environment and management and monitoring, out of which, 12 items for irrigation technology research, 5 items for agricultural and environmental research and 12 items for management study. 2.2.5Management water saving measures The main management measures include establishing SIDD pilot and MIS. In order to change the management mode that the state construct water conservancy works and the masses can use water without payment under the planing economic system, the project planed to establish SIDD mode, including WUA and WSP, which manage by itself and assume sole responsibilities for its loss -and profit to maintain and manage the operation of the irrigation system. Aiming to carry out management system 18  reform, improve the management of water resources, increase irrigation costs recovery, the autonomous management capacity and increase the irrigation efficiency of the whole project. MIS is mainly used in computer system for design, construction, management, supervision and assessment of the project, produces various diagram report for analysis and decision making. 2.3 Project analysis Water saving irrigation is the center of the project and agricultural, forest and management measures are also given consideration in order to achieve the goal of saving water, promoting the agricultural development, the sustainable utilization of water resources and increase the farmers' revenue. It had been demonstrated from theories and practices that advanced water saving irrigation technologies and the corresponding agricultural measures will exert an important impact on agricultural production in economic, social and environmental benefit. As to the water saving project itself, it won't produce any waste gas, water and residue during construction and belongs to non- pollution project. But water resources reallocating process dose exist in water saving irrigation and may exert a certain impact on the environment. Moreover, the improvement irrigation conditions, regulation of planting structures of crops, increase of multiple crop index and pesticide and fertilizer application to a certain extent and the construction process in order to increase the yield will also exert certain impact on the environment. 2.3.lAnalysis on the impact of water conservancy project on environment Water conservancy project includes water diversion and allocation works and field works etc. many parts, its main impacts on environment are as follows: Table 2.10.1 Present Available Water Resources in Hebei Province Project Area Available surface Available Project county wtrgonaer Total water groundwater Feixiang 0.0786 0.0735 0.1521 Cheng'an 0.06 0.0851 0.1451 Linzhang 0.031 0.1186 0.1496 Shexian 0.1535 0.1535 Guantao 0.0366 0.1534 0.19 Yuanshi 0.154 0.0627 0.2167 Jingjing 0.2333 0.2333 19  - Yehe |0.2369 10.0204 10.2573 -Impact of water resources utilization on environment Water saving irrigation is a water resources utilization project, the change of irrigation pattems will influence the utilization efficiency of water resources and the works will influence the transformation of different water resources (surface water and groundwater, shallow water and confined water). The difference of irrigation water sources, irrigation patterns, irnigation volume, and local natural geography and water resources utilization will also exert different degrees of impact on the environment. The project area of Hebei Province is located in the north of China where water resources are short, groundwater is the main water sources for industrial and agricultural development and domestic water use, with the development of social economy, water demand will increase year by year. The continuous descent of groundwater level has occurred in some regions, if the construction of the project will aggravate or alleviate the descent of groundwater level is the key point of the environmental impact assessment. Table 9 provides the water supply limit under present status with the project and in the planed year without the project with 50% assurance factor in various project counties, table 2.10.1-2.10.5 provides water demand after the implementation of the project. Table 2.10.2 Present Available Water Resources in Shenyang Municipality Project Area unit: 104m3 Project county Available surface water Available groundwater Total resources resources Dongling 200fl80 200.80 Yuhong 100 2417020 2517.20 Sujiatun 100 906D100 1006.00 Xinchengzi 100 703300 903.00 Liaozhong 200 2043 ooo 2243 Xinmin 200 17300O00 1930.0 Kangping 0 2123082 2123.8 Faku 100 19030155 2003.6 Total 900 12027.37 12927.37 Table 2.10.3 Present Available Water Resources in Qingdao Municipality Project Area unit: 108m3 Project county available surface water Available groundwater 1Pro.ject county rsucseoresjTotal resources resources Jiaonan 0.07506 0.15384 0.2289 Jiaozhou 0.09441 0.0371 0.13151 20  Pingdu 0.058 0.1608 0.2188 Laixi 0.02 0.1461 0.1661 Jimo 0.03491 0.0863 0.12121 Chengyang 0.01113 0.02548 0.03661 Total 6.8964 6.8032 13.6996 * surface water supply was calculated with 50% assurance factor and groundwater extraction was calculated with the annual average. Table 2.10.4 Present Available Water Resources in Beijing Municipality Project Area unit: 104m3 Available surface water Available groundwater Project county resources resources Total Fangshan 0 893.1 893.1 Changping 0 241.1 241.1 Miyun 3215 1770.8 4985.8 Pinggu 0 499.1 499.1 Tongzhou 0 5339.0 5339.0 Daxing 0 3099.5 3099.5 Chaoyang 334.6 325.0 659.6 Total 3549.6 12167.6 15717.2 The utilization factor of irrigation water will increase from 0.4-0.65 to 0.7-0.85 under water saving irrigation conditions, the utilization factor of agricultural water resources will increase remarkably and irrigation water demand will reduce more than the present. So it's predicted that the contradiction between regional water resources demand and supply will be alleviated after the implementation of the project. 21  Table 2.11.1 Water Demand of Water Saving Irrigation Project in Hebei Province Project Area Year Item Unit feixiang Cheng'an Linzhang Shexian Guantao Jingjing Yuanshi Yehe Present Cultivated area Ha 3648 4800 4333 3000 4612 3566.7 2667 3000 1998 Harvested area Ha 5900 7200 6866 48000 7610 5706.7 4267 4800 Field water recharge mnu 287 224 226 312.7 312.3 315.2 733 322 (N)_ _ Utilization factor of 0.55 0.58 0.7 0.4 0.55 0.436 534 0.41 irrigation water7l, _______ 0 0_04 5 0 Water demand 104mf 1812 1861 1401 2345.4 2618 2578.41 1954 2355 2005 Cultivated area ha 3468 4800 4333 3000 4612 3566.7 2667 3000 Harvested area ha 5202 7200 6866 5200 6910 6420.1 4534 4950 Field water recharge mmn 224.4 177.3 212 300.2 283.7 358.3 403 325 _ _ (N)_ __ _ Utilization factor of 0.825 0.75 0.85 0.7 0.8 0.61 0.7 0.7 !_____ irrigation watern i = _ _ Water demand fI~ - __rn_ 943.4 1129 1081 1286.6 1635 2087.99 1536 1392.86 :2010 Cltivated area Iha 3468 4800 4333 3000 4612 3566.7 2667 3000 Harvested area ha 5202 7200 6866 5200 6818 6420.1 4535 4950 Fieldwaterrecharge m 224.4 177.3 212 300.2 283.7 358.3 331 325 Utilization factor of 0.825 0.75 0.85 0.7 0.8 0.612 0.7 0.7 irrigation waterrl, _ = Water demand 1 943.4 1129 1081 1286.6 1635 2087.99 1536 1392.86 22  Table 2.11.2 Water Demand of Water Saving Irrigation Project in Shenyang Municipality Project Area Year Item unit Dongling Yuhong Sujiatun Xinchengzi Liaozho Xinrmin Kangping Faku ______ ~~~ng _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Cultivated area Ha 1800 4333.4 3333.3 3866.7 6666.6 6666.7 6666.3 6200 Harvested area Ha 1300 5313.4 2833.3 3533.3 6333.3 6000 6167 5966.5 Field water mm 86.2 171.2 63.2 107.6 85.2 108.8 42.6 31.3 1998 recharge (N) Utilization factor of irrigation 0.6 0.55 0.6 0.5 0.65 0.5 0.5 0.42 waternj Water demand 104m3 258.6 1348.9 351.1 831.8 873.8 1450.0 539.6 462.0 Cultivated area ha 1800 4333.3 3333.3 3866.7 6666.6 6666.7 6333.3 6200 Harvested area ha 1300 5833.3 4166.6 4400 9666.7 8666.7 11833 10700 . Field water nmr 73.6 267.1 231.9 183.83 270.9 238 278.6 282.03 2005 recharge (N) Utilization factor of irrigation 0.84 0.8 0.8 0.82 0.82 0.84 0.85 0.85 watenji I I Water demand 104m3 157.71 1446.8 966.24 866.85 2202.4 1888.9 2076 2057.2 Cultivated area ha 1800 4333.4 3333.3 3866.7 6666.6 6666.7 6333.3 6200 Harvested area ha 1300 5833.3 4166.6 4400 9666.7 8666.7 11833 10700 2010 recharge (N) mTn 73.6 267.1 231.9 183.83 270.9 238 278.6 282.03 Utilization factor of irrigation 0.84 0.8 0.8 0.82 0.82 0.84 0.85 0.85 waterI1i = Waterdemand 104m3 157.71 1446.8 |966.24 |866.85 2202.4 1888.9 2076 2057.2 23  Table 2.11.3 Water Demand of Water Saving Irrigation Project in Qingdao Municipality Project Area Year Item Unit Jiaonan Jiaozhou Pingdu Laixi Jimo Chengyang Total Cultivated area ha 4667.0 2200 5667.0 5000.0 2797.0 1000.0 21331.0 Harvested area ha 7942.8 3530 9267.0 8400.0 4475.0 1467.0 35081.8 1998 Field water recharge rmI 225.4 260 311.7 252.0 243.9 248.0 261.6 (N ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Utilization factor of 0.54 0.45 0.53 0.7 0.45 0.5 0.6 irrigation waten_jiI Water demand 104m3 1963.6 1272 3339.6 1750.0 1515.8 496.1 10337.2 Cultivated area ha 4667.0 2200.0 5667.0 5000.0 2797.0 1000.0 21331.0 Harvested area ha 7942.8 3530.0 9167.0 8400.0 4475.0 1467.0 34981.8 Field water recharge 2005 Fil mm 262.4 201.0 242.7 176.0 184.9 191.7 217.1 Utilization factor of 0.84 0.7 0.78 0.81 0.8 0.85 0.8 irrigation wateril_ Water demand 104m3 1463.3 631.0 1766.7 1086.4 646.5 225.5 5819.5 Cultivated area ha 4667.0 2200.0 5667.0 5000.0 2797.0 1000.0 21331.0 Harvested area ha 7942.8 3530.0 9167.0 8400.0 4475.0 1467.0 34981.8 2010 Field water recharge mm 263.5 201.0 242.7 176.0 184.9 191.7 217.1 Utilization factor of 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.85 0.8 irrigation waterrl, I Water demand 104m3 1463.3 631.0 1766.7 1086.4 646.5 225.5 5819.5 24  Table 2.11.4 Water Demand of Water Saving Irrigation Project in Qingdao Municipality Project Area Year Item Unit Fangshan Changping Miyun Pinggu Tongzhou Daxing Chaoyang Total Cultivated area ha 1733.3 302.4 6984.2 1097.0 9229.6 6092.0 670.6 26109.1 Harvested area ha 2746.7 453.2 9691.5 1543.0 17116.7 10865.0 1123.9 43540.0 1997 Field water Techarge mm 309.2 387.8 338.2 364.9 385.6 384.3 496.2 369.6 Utilization factor of 0.80 0.87 0.80 0.82 0.80 0.81 0.82 0.804 irrigation water . Water demand 104m3 600.3 139.6 2952.7 428.6 3561.5 1682.5 407.7 9773.0 Cultivated area ha 1733.3 296.6 6984.2 1097.0 9229.6 6092.0 670.6 26103.3 Harvested area ha 2746.7 296.6 9691.5 1410.0 17116.7 10353.3 1123.9 42738.7 2005 Field water recharge min 277.1 409.5 338.2 321.1 308.7 223.3 496.2 301.1 (N )__ _ _ __ _ _ ___ _ _ Utilization factor of 0.80 0.87 0.80 0.82 0.80 0.81 0.82 0.80 Water demand 104m3 600.3 139.6 2952.7 428.6 3561.5 1682.5 407.7 9773.0 Cultivated area ha 1733.3 296.6 6984.2 1097.0 9229.6 6092.0 670.6 26103.3 Harvested area ha 2746.7 296.6 9691.5 1410.0 17116.7 10353.3 1123.9 42738.7 2010 Field water recharge mrn 277.1 409.5 338.2 321.1 308.7 223.3 496.2 301.1 (N )__ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___ _ _ __ _ _ Utilization factor of 0.80 0.87 0.80 0.82 0.80 0.81 0.82 0.804 irrgation waterr__ Water demand 104m3 600.3 139.6 2952.7 428.6 3561.5 1682.5 407.7 9773.0 The detailed data such as that of the above four provinces and municipalities was not collected in each county of Shaanxi province, the statistical results of irrigation water demand is provided in table 2.11.5. -Impact of water saving irrigation on soil and groundwater quality According to the water environment zonation and the initial investigation on irrigation water quality, the irrigation water quality is up to the standard basically. And after the implementation of the project, the volume of water seeping down will reduce, so the anticipated impact of irrigation water quality on soil environment and the quality of water body will be less. 25  2.3.2 Analysis on the impact of agriculture on environment Planting structures will be regulated and the multiple crop indexes will be changed in order to increase the yield of cereals, table 11 shows the regulation of planting structures. This project does not finance any pesticides. It's 'anticipated that the applied quantity of fertilizer will be increased to a certain extent, the application of fertilizer is shown in table 12 and table 13. Fertilizer may pollute groundwater after being leached by irrigation water. Moreover, other agricultural measures will also exert certain impact on water environment, soil and ecology. Table 2.12 Regulation of Planting Structures Hebei Beijing Shenyang Qingdao Total Crop type 1. traditional irrigation Wheat 19098 16962.63 14761.3 84504 Maize 20477.7 16114.50 21133 13051.3 87409 Rice 10666.7 0 10867 Soybean 701.1 283 1117 Potato 0 95 Oil-bearing crops (including 812.1 4923.5 7020 peanut) 812__493_5 702 Cotton 4143.4 0 5852 Vegetable 1937.6 3041.30 12934 399 22201 Other crops 600 0 975 Fruit trees 26.8 4796.02 933.2 1663 20966 Total 47796.7 40914.46 45667 35081.1 241006 Multiple crop index 1.6232 1.16 1.64 2. adopting water-saving irrigation technique Wheat 18638.4 16860.63 14933.3 15046 96600 Maize 19103.7 16017.60 12899.4 68186 Rice 10666.7 11267 Soybean 666.1 284 1190 Potato 0 Oil-bearing crops (including 412.1 4909.5 5723 Cotton 5313.4 7975 Vegetable 2575.6 3041.30 36266 399 48292 Other crops 600 102.00 2000 6438 Fruit trees 26.8 4796.02 933.3 1830 24340 Total 47336.1 40817.56 64799.3 35367.9 270011 Multiple crop index 1.61 165 1.653 1.66 1.55 26  The regulation of planting structures will be beneficial to developing high efficient agriculture and utilizing lands effectively, meanwhile, selecting less water consumption crops is also an agricultural measure. The use of fertilizer is an important method to increase the soil fertility and crops yield, however, the impact of fertilizer on water environment is also a widespread concerned issue. The loss of Nitrogen and Phosphorous in field is the main factor in water environment pollution and it will result in the pollution of rivers, lakes and reservoirs, particularly result in the rich nutrition of lakes and reservoirs and N03-N pollution of groundwater. Because the project is a water saving irrigation project, no irrigation recession will be produced, and the adoption of appropriate fertilizing measure will be beneficial to increasing the utilization factor of fertilizer, it's anticipated that the project will not aggravate the surface water pollution around. However, even though the recharge of irrigation recession to groundwater will be reduced, there is still some infiltrated into groundwater, if the application of fertilizer will result in N03-N pollution of groundwater or not is the main concerned issue after the implementation of the project. Table 2.13 Satistical Data of the Quantity of Applied Fertilizer Before and After the Implementation of the Project Unit: ton Beijing Hebei Qingdao Shenyang Item Without With Without With Without With Without With project project project project project project project project Cultivated area (ha) 21800.93 21644.23 31246.7|31646.7 21331 21331 39200 39200 Physical 27004.8 28324.37 14778.8 17616.5 10714.5 13286.97 18779 19155 Nitrogenous quantity fertilizer Net quantity 12422.21 13029.21 6427.2 7708.19 2678.61 3321.7425 5864.4 5981.7 Pa ysical |26442.62 27282.57 5581.62 17710 13242.2 14190.392 6818.2 6954.6 Phosphate quantity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fertilizer Net quantity 3966.393 4092.386 831.678 2633.65 1853.91 1986.6549 1420.5 1448.9 Physical 1785.29 2727.03 359.31 3857.28 2831.28 4354.894 1919.3 1957.7 Potash quantity fertilizer Net quantity 1071.174 1636.218 215.706 2175.3 1274.08 1959.7023 826.2 842.72 Physical 1603.14 1970.16 4404.47 5207.884 Compound quantity _____ _____ ___ ____ fertilizer Net quantity 1026.01 1260.89 = 12642.68 3124.7304 = Because this project does not finance any pesticides, which is beneficial to alleviate the potential impact of pesticide on enviromnent. However, the impact of the current use of pesticide have been always concerned by experts and the masses, it's also an environmental issue that the projects concern. 27  Table 2.14 Current Status of Pesticide Application Unit: kg/ha wheat maize cotton soybean Peanut Vegetable Hebei 2 3 40 1.5 3 10 Shenyang 11.3 Beijing E 10 6 45.4 Qingdao 3.5 3.7 3 7.5 7.5 A lot of agricultural water saving, soil improvement and seed production measures will be included during the implementation of the project. These measures will be beneficial to increasing the utilization of water resources, improving the soil fertility and increasing yield, but they can also exert certain impact on the environment, e.g. the left over film. 2.3.3Environment impact of construction process Water delivery works, construction of bridges, culverts and roads and land leveling etc. earthworks are included in the construction period. These field works, agricultural earthwork and mechanical construction will result in partial and periodic pollution, such as waste residue, noise and the loss of water and soil, and will be harmful to the environment. 2.3.4Project impact on water resources utilization, social and economic development The project anticipates to increase the utilization efficiency of water resources, reduce agricultural water waste, promote the regulation of planting structures for the improvement of irrigation conditions, increase the farmers' revenue and accelerate the regional social economic development. It's anticipated that the construction of SIDD will change the management patterns of water resources and raise the farmers' management level. 2.4Identification and preparation of environmental impact factors Because the involved regions of the assessing scope is scattered, the impact of regional natural geographic conditions, irrigation water sources and irrigation patterns and according to the project component, character, scale, regional location and construction etc. character, two series matrixes should be arranged in tables for differentiating and determining the environment impact factors. Then analyze these factors, prepare the main assessing factors relevant with the project and detennine the assessing key points and scope. The purpose of the water saving irrigation project is to reduce the waste of water resources, it won't discharge any pollutant and won't give rise to any social issues. The project has huge social, economic and environmental benefits from a long-term point of 28  view, however, it will exert some adverse impacts on the environment for the utilization of water resources, application of fertilizer and pesticide and the construction of the project. On the basis of integrating the character and component of the project and consulting some experts of water conservancy, agriculture and environment, we selected some environmental impact factors from its positive and adverse impact on the environment and society, impact degree, impact time and impact scale during the construction and operation of the project. The project's main adverse impacts were primarily determined as follows: -Partial discarded soil, soil and water loss and noises of machines etc. environmental issues during the construction period of the project. -If the water intake of the project will aggravate the continuous descent of groundwater level in the northern water short districts or not. *If the application of fertilizer and pesticide will give rise to or aggravate soil and water pollution or not. -Impact of other agricultural measures on the environment. 29  Table 2.15 determination of environmental impact factors Natural level Social environment fmpact level Surface Surface water SOii quality Groundwater Groundwater Topography Economy Land Society Ctowd's fmpact level ~~~~~~volume quality Solqaiy volume quality Toorpy Eooyutilization Soi~'health D D E S d D E S d D E S E d D E S d DE D E S D D S d D| EI S d D E I S d D E I S Water source works - - - 0 S L L 0 L LS -0 5 p S L L N L L L 0 M L M 0 5 L L Constr Canal lining - - - L S LL S L L - O S L-M - S L L O L L L O S L L O S L L period Irrigation facilities _ OS L L O S L L - PS L L |O L L O S L L