Turkey - Marmara Earthquake Emergency Reconstruction Project (MEER) : environmental impact assessment

E495 November 15, 2000 Turkey Marmara Earthquake Emergency Reconstruction (MEER) Project Project ID: P068368 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN November 15, 2000 rTo AfOPY'L  ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN TABLE OF CONTENTS A. Mitigation Plan B. Monitoring Plan C. Institutional Strengthening D. Schedule E. Institutional Arrangements F. Consultations With Local NGOs And Project Affected Groups  ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN A. MITIGATION PLAN Cost Institutional Responsibility Comments Phase Issue Mitigating Measure Install Operate Install Operate Avoiding environmentally sensitive areas, such as wetlands areas in Adapazari Region Ministry of Public Works and 1. Design and Planning Site selection designated by the n.a. Settlement and PIU Ministry of Environment, and forest areas designated by the Ministry of Forest.  Cost Institutional Responsibility Comments Phase Issue Mitigating Measure Install Operate Install Operate Selection of geologically safe areas that are earthquake resistant, and avoiding alluvial soils, depending on the geotechnical investigations carried out by the Ministry of Public Works and Ministry of Public Works and Settlement, and PIU n.a. Settlement and PIU Consultants; eg. The site in Karamursel area was cancelled due to the potential risk of landslides Avoiding sites with cultural and historical assets designated by Ministry of Public Works and the Ministry of Culture n.a- Settlement and PIU  Cost Institutional Responsibility Comments Phase Issue Mitigating Measure Install Operate Install Operate Comments All sites are connected to the nearest infrastructure network, such as electricity, water supply and sewage networks including waste water treatment plant. (Construction of waste water Covered Covered in Infrastructure treatment plant is in PIU the budget ofPIU included for Korfez budget relevant construction site, municipality* where there is no possibility of connection of sewage to an existing facility)  Cost Institutional Responsibility Comments Phase Issue Mitigating Measure Install Operate Install Operate Comments Dust raised from the roads in the During dry periods Minor and MoE Provincial Directorates, II. Construction construction During dry rods covered by PIU Environmental Specialist sites, and sprinkle the roads n.a. construction together with the PIU local from material with water budget offices and the consultants carrying trucks Cover the material transporting trucks according to the Air Quality Control Minor and MoE Provincial Directorates, Regulation(dated covered by PIU Environmental Specialist 02.11.1986, Provision n.a. construction together with the PIU local 6, covering with nylon budget offices and the consultants blankets or with the material with mesh size greater than 10 mm)  Cost Institutional Responsibility Comments Phase Issue Mitigating Measure Install Operate Install Operate Compliance with existing legislation, such as Noise Quality Control Regulation (11.12.1986, Article 6:continuous noise in construction site Leq: 70 dbA, and impact noise: 100 dbA Noise between 06.00 and Minor and MoE Provincial Directorates, generated by 22.00 hours; Article covered by PIU Environmental Specialist the 15, depending on the n.a. construction together with the local offices construction type of the equipment budget and the consultants machinary 85-120 dbA between 8.00 and 20.00 hours, and with special permission of the municipalities out of these hours); Labor Law No:1475 (provision of protective equipment for the workers)  Cost Institutional Responsibility Comments Phase Issue Mitigating Measure Install Operate Install Operate Construction of septic tanks in accordance Waste water with the "Regulation Covered by PIU and the associated from on the Construction of n.a. construction consultants, and the construction Septic Tanks Where budget construction consultants sites there is no Sewerage System"(dated 19.03.1971) a) Colectin at Covered Minor and PIU and the associated Dispos a) Coletin t with cvrdb Disposal of certain locations in construc coenord byn consultants, and the solidwascthe construction site sont budget construction consultants b) Disposal to Covered in licenced landfill areas n.a. the budget of Relevant municipality* of the municipalities relevant municipality* c) Recycling of excavated materials; Covered with PIU and the associated i.e. utilization of n.a. construction consultants, and the excavated soil for budget construction consultants landfills Using closest licenced quarries (if it Covered with PIU and the associated Quarries is required to use a n.a. construction consultants, and the quarry) budget construction consultants  Cost Institutional Responsibility Comments Phase Issue Mitigating Measure Install Operate Install Operate Designation of traffic routes to avoid overloading of Minor and Traffic existing roads and covered by PIU and the relevant disruption placing of appropriate n.a. construction municipality* traffic signs; such as budget "Danger', "Entrance Prohibited", etc. Stopping the work and investigation by Cuitural and the Ministry of Culture ssetsrifan as stated in the Law Covered with PIU and the associated assets (if any on the Protection of n.a. construction consultants met during Cultural and Historical budget excavation) Assets (No.2863, dated 21.07.1983)  Cost Institutional Responsibility Comments Phase Issue Mitigating Measure Install Operate Install Operate Preserve the habitat, or relocate the trees Covered with PIU environmental specialist Protection of which can possibly be n.a. construction together with the PIU local habitats transferred, to green . budget offices park ares designated on the site plans Restoration PIU environmental specialist of land that is Storing the top soil Covered with in consultation with the PIU damaged and landscaping n.a. construction local offices and the during budget consultants excavating HIl. Operation (after Personal Ministry of Environment, (PIU handing over of the Air pollution Utilization of natural expenditure of will be responsible for housing units to the due to gas for heating n.a. the informing the relevant beneficiaries) heating purposes beneficiaries authorities) Covered in D Daily collection of the the budget of Relevant municipalities (PIU Domestic wastes by the n.a. the relevant will be responsible for solid wastes relevant municipality municipality* informing the municipalities) (*):Relevant Municipalities: Adapazari, izmit, Golcuk, Gebze (@ekerpinar), Korfez (Hereke), Duzce, Golyaka, Cumayeri  B. MONITORING PLAN Cost Responsibilit What Where How is When Why parameter is to is the the parameter is the is the parameter Phase be monitored? parameter to to be parameter to to be Install Operate Install Operate be monitored? be monitored? monitored? monitored? I I I I I. Planning and This phase has allready been completed by taking into consideration the mitigation measures mentioned in "Mitigation Plan" Design To assure PIU's environmental compliance with specialist in Air Quality cooperation with the Control PIU Local Offices and At the Regulation associated Construction Dust construction Visual On daily basis 02.11 1986) and n.a. PIU budget Consultants. The Construction ~sites 01198)admonitoring activities to mitigate any will be carried out in potential close consultation negative with Ministry of environmental Environment impacts  What Where How is When Why parameter is to is the the parameter is the is the parameter Phase be monitored? parameter to to be parameter to to be Install Operate Install Operate be monitored? be monitored? monitored? monitored? To assure PIU's environmental compliance with specialist in Portable noise During Noise Control cooperation with the meters used construction Regulation PIU Local Offices and Noie sttlment by the local activities, when (dated associated Noise settlement ofcsf nery11.12.1986) and n.a. PIU budget Consultants. The areas Minist of residents to mitigate any monitoring activities Enviry . potential will be carried out in Environment complain negative coecnutto negative ~~~~~~~~~close consultation environmental with Ministry of impacts Environment To assure PIU's environmental compliance with specialist in the Regulation cooperation with on the Control of thePlU Local Offices At the Solid Wastes and associated Collection of construction Visual On weekly (dated n.a. PIU budget Conitang the solid wastes site basis 14.03.1991) and n.mPUbde onsutoigants.ithes to mitigate any will be carried out in potential close consultation negative with Ministry of environmental Environment  What Where How is When Why parameter is to is the the parameter is the is the parameter Phase be monitored? parameter to to be parameter to to be Install Operate Install Operate be monitored? be monitored? monitored? monitored? To assure compliance with the Regulation on the Control of Solid Wastes Budget of the Disposal of solid At the Visual On weekly (dated n.a. relevant Relevant wastes disposal sites basis 14.03.1991) and municipality municipalities to mitigate any potential negative environmental impacts To assure compliance with the Regulation on the Control of Recycling of At the Solid Wastes Covered with excavated construction Visual On weekly (dated n.a. the budget of material sites basis 14.03.1991) and construction to mitigate any potential negative environmental impacts  What Where How is When Why parameter is to is the the parameter is the is the parameter Phase be monitored? parameter to to be parameter to to be Install Operate Install Operate be monitored? be monitored? monitored? monitored? Monitoring of the To assure appropriate compliance with installation and the Regulation Waste water operation of on the from septic tanks. Construction of PIU's environmental construction Samples Septic Tanks specialist in sites resulting collected by Where There is cooperation with the from domestic the No Sewerage PIU Local Offices and uses and At the Consultants System (dated Covered by Covered by associated washing of the construction shall be On monthly 19.03.1971) and the the Consultants. The equipment sites analysed in basis Water Pollution construction construction monitoring activities (Suspended Public Health Control budget budget will be carried out in Solids, BOD5, Laboratories Regulation close consultation fecal coliforms, using the (dated with Ministry of chlordes wll beAWWA 04.09.1988) and Environment chliorideswllb Standard to mitigate any monitored) Methods for potential the negative Examination of environmental Water and impacts Wastewater)  What Where How is When Why parameter is to is the the parameter is the is the parameter Phase be monitored? parameter to to be parameter to to be Install Operate Install Operate be monitored? be monitored? monitored? monitored? Consultants' PIU's environmental At the To mitigate any specialist in qurisand review of the Before the potential n.a.eratin budgeth Material supply cuarr licences and construction negative n.a. PIU budget concrete inspection of begins negative PIU Local Offices and plants quality impacts associated Consultants. Observing: a) Utilization of PlU's environmental At the the designated To mitigate any specialist in Transportation e routes, b) . . potential cooperation with the of the material sites Covering of On daily basis negative n.a. PIU budget PIU Local Offices and the material impacts associated transporting Consultants. trucks PIU's environmental . At the specialist in Historical and At theq To preserve the cooperation with the cultural assets construction Visual When required assets n.a. PIU budget PIU Local Offices and sites l l l Eillassociated Consultants.  What Where How is When Why parameter is to is the the parameter is the is the parameter Phase be monitored? parameter to to be parameter to to be Install Operate Install Operate be monitored? be monitored? monitored? monitored? PIU's environmental At the specialist in At the ~~~~~~~~To preserve the coeainwt h Habitats construction Visual On daily basis trees n.a. PIU budget cooperation with the sites treesail baisPIU Local Offices and sites associated Consultants. PIU's environmental Restoration of At theend of To restore the Covered with specialist in Resoraionofconstruction VisualenofTrsteth n.a. the budget of cooperation with the damaged land sites construction damaged land construction Local Offices and sites works construction associated Consultants.  What Where How is When Why parameter is to is the the parameter is the is the parameter Phase be monitored? parameter to to be parameter to to be Install Operate Install Operate be monitored? be monitored? monitored? monitored? Portable particulate and To assure SO2 After the compliance with Cvrdwt Coedwih Provincial Air quality Near the monitoring housing units the Air Quality Covered with Covered with Directorates of the Ill. Operation (Particulates and housing equipment are handed Control relevant relevant Ministry of SO2) blocks owned by the over to the Regulation authorities authorities Environment informed local offices of beneficiaries dated by PIU the Ministry of 02.11.1986 Environment Parameters like T, pH, BOD5,COD, In receiving SS, TDS, S04, To assure Wate Quaity water bodies Cl shall be After the compliance with CvrdwtCoedwihProvincial (T, pH, at the monitored by housing units the Water the budget of the budget of Dire ste the BOD,,COD, SS upstream and using AWWA are handed Pollution Control relevant relevant Enirnmentr infore 5 S04, CO) downstream Standard over to the Regulation authorities authorities Environment informed points of the Methods for beneficiaries dated by PIU discharge the 04.09.1988 Examination of Water and Wastewater)  What Where How is When Why parameter is to is the the parameter is the is the parameter Phase be monitored? parameter to to be parameter to to be Install Operate Install Operate be monitored? be monitored? monitored? monitored? To assure Local municipalities After the compliance with Covered with Covered with and Provincial In the solid housing units the Solid Waste the budget of the budget of Directorates of Solid wastes waste Visual are handed Control . . dispoal stes ver t the Reguatio relevant relevant Ministry of disposal sites over to the Regulation authorities authorities Environment informed beneficiaries dated by PIU 14.03.1991  C. INSTITUTIONAL STRENGTHENING 1. Equipment Purchases Monitoring activities are mainly being carried out in a visual basis during construction period. Therefore no new equipment is intended to be purchased within this project. of the local. After handing over the housing units to the beneficiaries, the monitoring activities will be carried out by the relevant authorities using their own equipment. 2. Training Training programs will be designed for local PIU Offices' and consultants' and constructors' staff, i.e. the engineers and technicians designated for carrying out environmental mitigation and monitoring activities. The environmental specialist of the PIU who is responsible for assuring that the environmental requirements as stipulated in Turkish environmental law and regulations are followed, and who is experienced in organizing training seminars in respect to monitoring and evaluation of environmental data shall be designing and implementing such training programs. The technical staff of local offices of PIU and the consultants who will be delegated with the responsibility of the environmental specialist for the monitoring of mitigation activities at the sites shall be attending the training programs and the workshops organized periodically. The training programs will cover the current legislation related to the environment, the mitigation measures to be taken and the techniques of sampling and analysis, and the sessions will last approximately one day at each three of the local offices of the PIU in the construction sites. These programs will be organized in the PIU Local Offices in the construction sites, the first one being in the following month. There need to be at least one person from each consulting firm and from the PIU Local Office designated for the environmental monitoring in each of the construction sites participating in the meetings. The second and the third workshops will be organized in the middle and towards the end of the construction period respectively. For these programs, there will not be any additional cost, out of the allocated budget. 3. Consultant Services No consultant services are intended to be used for environmental institutional strengthening within this project. D. SCHEDULE The environmental impact mitigation and monitoring activities will be carried out in parallel with the construction activities. They will start together with the starting of mobilization and will be completed after the demobilization. For example, dust and noise, transportation of material, etc., will be monitored throughout the construction period, i.e. approximately eight months. Landscaping activities shall be carried out after the finishing of civil works. After the completion of the civil works, and the handing over of the housing units to the beneficiaries, the monitoring activities shall be carried out by the relevant local authorities according to the programs designed by those organizations such as municipalities and Provincial Directorates of Ministry of Environment.  E. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS Collection of Data: Monitoring data will be collected by the local PIU Offices, Consultants and relevant local authorities (Municipalities of Adapazan, Izmit, Golcuik, Gebze, Korfez(Hereke), Diizce, Cumayeri and Golyaka; and the Provincial Directorates of the Ministry of Environment) when required. The collected data will be transferred to the Project Directorate of PIU with monthly reports prepared by the consultants. Analysis of Data: Data will be filed in the Headquarters of PIU and analysis of data will be carried out by the Project Directorate of PIU. The results of the analysis will be used to check the effectiveness of mitigation measures, and if required, to revise/modify the mitigation plan. Reporting: The report with monitoring data will be sent to the PIU Directorate once a month. However, in case of observing any unusual situation, the report will be sent to the Directorate of PIU for immediate action to take measures. The format for the monthly reports shall be prepared and supplied to the Consultants by the environmental specialist of PIU in order to provide comparable and compatible monitoring data from different reconstruction sites. Decisions: The decisions in relation to the modifications of the mitigation measures, informing the relevant authorities, etc. are taken by the PIU. F. CONSULTATIONS WITH LOCAL NGO's AND PROJECT AFFECTED GROUPS Before starting the implementation of the housing reconstruction component of MEER Project, it was decided to carry out three social studies. The first study was a public participation study, which was carried out in order to get the views of the beneficiaries whose houses were destroyed by the earthquake, and the project affected groups. The first one of the other two studies was aiming at the collection of data about the socio-economic status of the households who would be affected by the expropriation, and the second one, a compensation assessment study, was carried out to ensure that the people whose houses and land would be expropriated would not suffer a loss of assets and income as a result of expropriation. As apart of the public participation study, the first Public Participation meetings in all the proposed reconstruction sites, i.e. in Duzce, Golyaka (beneficiaries in Cumayeri attended the meeting in Golyaka), Adapazan, Izmit, K6rfez, Gebze, Adapazarn, Karamursel and Golcuk) were held on May 27, 28 and 29, 2000. (One of the meetings was held in Karamiirsel where the proposed site was cancelled due to the risk of landslides.) The time and location of these meetings were announced to the public by using various posters and the announcement systems of the relevant municipalities, the administrations of the pre-fabricated and tent cities. A wide range of public, as well as the beneficiaries, the people who were affected by the earthquake and the land acquisition and the groups of the public who are interested in the project in some ways participated in the meetings. The number of the people who attended the meetings are given below:  Location Number of Participants Dfizce 250 G6lyaka + Cumayeri 200 Adapazan 250 Izmit 500 Korfez 400 Gebze 150 Karamursel 300 Golculk 450 The objectives of the reconstruction project, the plans for the housing complexes were explained to the public by the representatives of the PIU. The comments and requirements of the attendees were noted. In these meetings, it was observed that the main concern of the public in relation to the reconstruction of housing units is the provision of safe, earthquake resistant houses, which are not higher than two or three stories. After holding the second public meetings on October 13, 14 and 15, 2000, the report containing the complete results of these public participation meetings will be submitted to the World Bank. The report prepared by the Consultants for Public Participation for Reconstruction of Housing Under MEER was submitted to the World Bank in September 2000. In the selection of three of the reconstruction sites, although the aim was to minimize land acquisition and involuntary resettlement, it was unavoidable to expropriate some private lands, and approximately 30 households are needed to be reseftled for the reconstruction of approximately 9 000 housing units. A Resettlement Action Plan was prepared for these households to be resettled. The survey which was conducted by the Consultants to determine the socio-economic status of the households whose houses were subject to expropriation, and to estimate the potential impact of the project on the households in terms of replacement cost of land and property was completed by the PIU contracted consultants. A questionnaire type survey was conducted. The questionnaires were so arranged as to gather data about the size, the current income and income sources, standard of living, etc., of the households living in the expropriation area. The results of this survey showed that there is a differentiation in income sources of the people living in these areas, so it was concluded that the loss of agricultural income will not be affecting the economic status of the households in such a manner as to lead them to poverty provided that they are paid full replacement cost. The aim of the other survey, which was conducted by the consultants contracted by PIU was to check whether the compensation paid to the people affected by the expropriation was fair and sufficient to cover the full replacement costs. The results of this study revealed that the compensation amounts determined by the evaluation committees were fair and sufficient to cover the full replacement costs. The results of the both surveys were submitted to the World Bank together with the Resettlement Action Plan in August 2000.  The next steps to be followed are the monitoring and evaluation of the results of the Resettlement Action Plan in order to check the effectiveness of the plan. It is also planned to find out the views of the groups of public in relation to the environmental mitigation measures to be carried out to mitigate the potential adverse impacts of the housing reconstruction component of MEER Project in the second set of public participation meetings. Another step to be followed is the consultations with the Provincial Directorates of the Ministry of Environment throughout the reconstruction period to check the effectiveness of mitigation measures and the monitoring activities.