坦桑尼亚喀格拉地区对有成年人死亡的家庭进行财务援助的资源

W_PS 2o8 POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER 2508 Sources of Financial Why do some households manage better than others in Assistance for Households overcoming the impart of an Suffering ra Adult Death adult death? The household's Sufferinlg an Adlult Death ability to cope isa function of in Kagera, Tanzania the resources it can command, including its access to private networks for Mattias Lundberg social insurance and credit. Mead Over Public intervention can Phare Mujinja reduce vulnerability ex ante, or target assistance ex post, to the hardest-hit households. The World Bank Development Research Group Infrastructure and Environment U December 2000  PoiLIcy RESEARCH WORKING PAPER 2508 Summary findings The AIDS crisis in Africa and elsewhere compels us to loans than private transfers, for up to a year after a design appropriate assistance policies for households death. This suggests that credit acts as insurance for experiencing a death. Policies should take into account households where informal interhousehold assistance and strengthen existing household coping strategies, contracts are not enforceable. A donor in Kagera can be rather than duplicate or undermine them. sure that assistance to a wealthy household will be Lundberg, Over, and Mujinja investigate the nature of reciprocated, whereas a poor household may not be able coping mechanisms among a sample of households in to return the favor. Assistance to the poor is more likely Kagera, Tanzania in 1991-94. They estimate the to come with more formal arrangements for repayment. magnitude and timing of receipts of private transfers, Formal-sector assistance is targeted toward the poor credit, and public assistance by households with different immediately following the death. characteristics. Their empirical strategy addresses three The impact of adult deaths on households may be common methodological difficulties in estimating the mitigated either ex ante, through programs that minimize impact of adult death: selection bias, endogeneity, and poverty and vulnerability, or ex post, by assistance unobserved heterogeneity. targeted to the poorest and most vulnerable households. Lundberg, Over, and Mujinja find that less-poor In addition, to the extent to which micro-credit households (those with more physical and human capital) programs improve access and lower the total costs of benefit from larger receipts of private assistance than borrowing, they may not only stimulate growth and poor households. Resource-abundant households are investment but also help resource-poor households wealthy in social assets as well as physical assets. Poor overcome the impact of an adult death in the areas hard- households, on the other hand, rely relatively more on hit by the AIDS epidemic. This paper-a product of Infrastructure and Environment, Development Research Group-extends research on the household-level impact of adult death which informed the World Bank Policy Research Report Confronting AIDS: Public Priorities in a Global Epidemic. Copies of this paper are available free from the World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433. Please contact Viktor Soukhanov, room MC2-523, telephone 202-473-5271, fax 202-522-3230, email address vsoukhanov@worldbank.org. Policy Research Working Papers are also posted on the Web at www.worldbank.org/research/working papers. The authors may be contacted at mlundberg@worldbank.org, meadover@worldbank.org, or pmujinja@muchs.ac.tz. December 2000. (30 pages) The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry the names of the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the view of the World Bank, its Executive Directors, or the countries they represent. Produced by the Policy Research Dissemination Center  SOURCES OF FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FOR HOUSEHOLDS SUFFERING AN ADULT DEATH IN KAGERA, TANZANIA Mattias Lundberg, Mead Over, Phare Mujinjal 'Michigan State University and the World Bank, the World Bank, and the Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, respectively; email addresses mlundberg