China - Fourth National Highway Project (Vol. 6 of 8)

E-255 VOL. 6 NATIONAL HIGHWAYS PROJECT IV IN HUBEI PROVMCE ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND ACTION PLAN SUMMARY I-;.., SCANNED FILE COPY-- FluIEC./aspeun'mbof E LIVCt GRMf ESW ColRg A&r Proc I O- PC_. 4milg HIUBEI PROVINCIAL COMMUNICAT[ONS DEPARTMENT Feb. 19 Wuhan China  CONTENM A. BACKGROUND ............................................ ......... (1) B. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT .................... (3) C. BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL DESCRIPTION ................... (4) D. POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ........ (11) E. ALTERNATIVE SCHEES ............................................ (17) F. INVESTMENT FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECrION . ............... (18) G. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ......... (19) a. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING .................................... (19) b. INSrITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT .................................. (20) H. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION ......................... (22) 1. CONCLUSION .............................. (24) Appendix I. The EIA Standards . . ................................... (25) Appendix I. The Key Elements of the EAP for the National Highway Project IV and the Other Roads in Hubei Province ...... (28) Appendix Map 1-2 Sketch Map of the Route Alignment of National Highway Project IV in Hubei Province and the Environmental Monitoring Spots Appendix Map 3 Sketch Map of Alignment and Environmental Monitoring Spots for Tongshan-Chongyang-Puqi Highway of National Highway Project IV in Hubei Province Appendix Map 4 Sketch Map of Alignment and Environmental Monitoring Spots for Dawu^Hong'an Highway of National Highway Project IV in Hubei Province  A. BACKGROUND 1. The National Highways Project IV consists of the following three parts: (1) The Hubei National Highways Project IV Expressway- Jing- Zhu National Trunk Line in the southern part of Hubei and its linking roads; (2) The other road of the National Highways Project IV- Class I Tongshang-Chongyang-Puqi Highway; (3) The other road of the National Highways Project IV- Class I Dawu-Hong'an Highway. The EIA of the above mentioned three roads projects were conducted by Xi'an Highway Transportation Universyty. In June, 1994, the outline of the EIA for Hubei National Highways Project IV and its linking roads was carried out by Xi'an Highway Transportation University, and in July in the same year, they were reviewed and approved by the National Environmental Protection Agency (NEPA). In Octobe, 1996, the EIA and EAP for Hubei National Highways Project l Expressway ( Xianning Scheme I was accepted as the recommended alignment ) were worked out and submitted to the World Bank. The EIA and EAP were reviewed by the experts from the World Bank during the preparation mission in Nov. 1997 and discussed with Hubei Privincial Communications Department, Hubei World Bank Project Office, Hubei Provincial High- class Highway Administrative Bureau, Hubei Provincial Communication Planning and Design Institute. To meet the requirementnts of the World Bank, the EIA and EAP of the Hubei National Highways Project IV Expressway ( Xianning Scheme I as the recommented scheme ) and its linking roads and the other highways of the Hubei Natinal Highways Project IV ( class I Tongshan-Chongyang-Puqi Highway and class I Dawu-Hong'an Highway) of total six documents were completed and submitted to the World Bank in Mar.1998. In July 1998, these documents were revised according to the comments of the World Bank expert and submitted to the World Bank. In Feb. of 1999, according to the requirements of the World Bank in the November 1998 and January 1999 Aide Memoire on Environment, the edition of EIA and EAP are completed based on the former ones. THe EIAs of National Highway Project IV in Hubeu Province in Chinese version have been approved by the State Enyironmental Protection Agency in Sep. 1998. 2. The process of environmental review Involved inputs from various _. _~~~~~~~~~~  1, EsGEND rA >1 Figure LOCATION OF THE NATIONAL HIGHWAY I PROJECT IN HUBEI ,ov,, ,tal s - PROVINCE OF THE BEIJING-2MUEAI NATIONAL TRUNK HIGHWAY me[s city P!efeCtwral City o (1:1750000) Coit 0rfcCt 3-i 't t Township _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Railway _________ The Location of Hubei Province d . Henan Province 1 12 Hi-way . < _ | 9 fj8 . 1 |National fih buy Project m .'g iA I Pre vinc Provincial Hubei Province V - --- > I e * sA X t,,l.-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~i ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~NainlHgwyPoetIV in Ibe  institutions in Hubei Province, including Hubei Environment Protection Bureau, Environment Protection Bureau of Xianning Prefecture and Environment Protection Bureau of Xiaogang Prefecture and the environmental monitoring stations and the meteorological bureaus of the two prefetures. The affected groups and NGOs along the the highways, and the people, subject to resettlement and land acquisition in particular, have been consulted. 3. The policy and administrative requirements for environmental assessment of development projects in China were followed during preparation and evaluation of the EIA, as well as the World Bank's 00 4. 01 on the Environmental Assessment. The criteria of EIA for Hubei National Highways Project TV are listed in Annex I. The major regulations to follow are as follws: Environmental Protection Act of the PRC. December 26,1989; Atmospheric Pollution Control Act of the PRC. May, 1996; Land Management Act.June 25,1986; Environmental Noise Control Regulations of the PRC. September,1989; Management Guidelines on Environmental Protection of Construction Project, Number 003 (86), issued by the National Environmental Protection Agency (NEPA). March 26, 1986; Water Act of the PRC. Junuary 21, 1988; Water and Soil Conservation Act of the PRC. June 29,1991; River Channel Management Regulations of the PRC. June 10, 1986; Detailed Implementation on Environmental Protection of Construction Project, Number 002 ( 87) , Hubei Province Environmental Protection Bureau; Pollution Control Guidelines for Drinking Water Sources, Number 201 (89) , Hubei Province Environmental Protection Bureau; Safety Management Regulations for Dangerous Chemicals. February, 1987 Temporary Provisions for Report of Environmental Pollution and 2  Destructive Accidends. September 10, 1987; Management Guidelines on Environmental Protection of Communication Project, issued by the minister of the MOC (89), Management Guidelines on Environmental Protection of Construction Project in Hubei Province, Number 113 (1993) Er Huan Guan, Oct. (1993); Completion Acceptance Guidelines on Environmental Protection of Construction Project in Hubei Province, Number 113 (1993),Oct.1993. 4. The Scope and Criteria for the EIA are presented as below: (a) Assessment Scope The assessment of ecologcal environment covers 500 m on both sides of the proposed road, while that of water environment covers 1000 m on both sides that can accept the drainage from the highways. And the scope of noise and cultural heritage covers areas within 200 m on both sides of the planned road with some extent at sensitive spots. (b) The following standards are applied as the criteria for the EIA: (1) Noise: Class 4 Noise Standards (Noise Standards in Urban Areas)for residential areas, Class 1 Noise Standards for schools and hospitals GB 3096-93. See Annex Table 1-1. (2) Ambient air: Class 2 air quality standards GB 3095- 1996. See Annex Table 1-2. (3) Water quality: Class 3 surfase water quality standards GB 3095-1996. See Annex Table 1-3.For sewage drainage at highway survice areas and toll stations "Waste Water Discharge General Standards" (GB8978-1996) and "Farmland Irrigation Water Sdandards( GB 508- 92) are applied respectively. See Annex Tables 1-4 and 1-5. (4) Ecological environment: Class 2 Soil Standards (GB 15618-1995) and Food Lead Content Limit Standards (GB14935-940. See Annex Tables 1 -6 and 1-7. (c) Considering the project features and construction cycle, the base years for the EIA were decided to be 1999, 9 to 2003, 2 (construction phase), 2002 for initial stage prediction, 2012 for mid -term prediction and 2022 for long-term prediction. B. BREEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECU 3  5. 'he Hubei Section of the National Highways Project TV includes: (a) Hubei National Highways Project IV Expressway- The southern section of Jing-Zhu National Trunk Highway in Hubei covers 109.815 km with a design speed of 120 km per hour. X (b) Four linking roads of Hubei National Highways Project IV are: Maanshan Linking Road with a length of 1.7 km, Zhanggong Linking Road with a length of 9.5 km, Gantang Linking Road with a length of 7.1 km and last Quankou Linking Road with a length of 9. 4 km. The total mileage of the four is 21.55 k with design speed of 80 km per hour. (c) The other roads of Hubei National Highways Project rv --Class I Road Tongshan-Chongyang-Puqi covering a distance of 95.245 km with a design speed of 80 or 40 km per hour. (d) The other roads of Hubei National Highways Project IV- Class I Road Dawu-Hong'an with a total length of 68.959 km and a design of 80 or 40 km per hour. * C. BASELINE ENVIMONMENTAL DESCRIPTION 6. Terrain and Topography (a) Hubei National Highways Project TV Expressway- The southern section of Jing-Zhu National Trunk Line in Hubei and its linking roads are located on the south bank of the middle reaches of the River Yangzts in the southern part of Hubei. The areas through which the proposed highway passes are characterized by low hills and rolling areas on the edge of the Hanjiang Plain. The general terrain rises fron northwest to southwest. The western part, located on the edge of the Jianghan Plain , is of alluvial lake topography with an attitude of below 50 m and level land with plenty of lakes. While the middle part is a rise region on the plain with an attitude of less than 200 m. Among the mountains there are alluvial stream flat lands. The southeastern part belongs to the north slope of Fumu Montains belonging to middle-low mountainous topography with faulty structural basins between valleys. (b) The other road namely Tongshan-Chongyang- Puqi of the Hubei National Highways Project IV lies in the southern part of Hubei Province. The three counties/cities of Tongshan, Chongyang and Puqi are situated in the low hilly areas. Among the mountains are located hills and basins alternately. Between valleys there are nets of rivers and streams which meet at Fushui and Lushui from south, west and north and then fall into the River of Yangtze. (c) The other road namely Class I Dawu-Hong'an Road of the Hubei National Highways Project IV lies in the northern part of Hubei Province. Dawu County's topography consists of low mountains, rolling hills and highlands basically. The terrain of Hong'an, however, rises from north to south, characterized by hills. 4  7. Climate (a) The project area belongs to tropical continental monsoon wet climate of the middle-low latitude. It has clearly- divided four seasons with long frost-free periods and plenty sunshine. The mean annual temperature of the project-located area is 15-15.1 'C. The frost -free period of the year is 230-260 days. There are plenty of rain in the study area with an annual precipitation of 1100- 1450 mm focused mainly in April-October which makes up 84-88% of the whole rainfall often leading to floods. The rainfall tends increasing from the north to the south. At Jiangxia, Xianning and Puqi north wind, southeast wind and northeast wind prevail respctively with a frequency of leading wind directions of 11%, 10% and 10% individually. (b) The other road of the Hubei National Highways Project IV, i.e. Tongshan-Chongyang-Puqi Highway is located on the south bank of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.It belongs to the continental sub -tropical monsoon wet climate with four clearly-divided seasons and a long frost-free period and plenty of water resources. The area through which the alignment passes has an annual average temperature of 16.1-16. 3 'C. Frost-free period is 141 days. The average annual rainfall is 1100 -1563 mm concentrated mainly in April-October accounting for 84-88% of the whole year's rainfall which causes floods sometimes. Tongshan County is located between mountains in both south and north. The leading wind direction is east-west, while in Chongyang County the prevailing wind direction is north (c) The other road of the Hubei National Highways Project TV, i.e. Dawu-Hong'an Claas X Highway is located at middle- low attitude belonging to sub-tropical continental monsoon climate. In the winter, the weather is affected by cold air mass, and in the summer, it is controlled by SE and SW monsoon. It is cold and dry in the winter and hot and wet in the summer. The climate is characterized by clearly -divided four seasons, long frost-free period, plentiful sunshine and heat and water resources. The average frost-free period is 240 days, while the rainfall is 1021-1154 mm with an average annual temperature of 15.7 'C. In Dawu County the prevailing wind direction is north ( wind direction NNE with a frequency of 25%). The climate of Hong'an County is similar to that of Dawu. The wind direction is mainly N year round (wind direction N with a frequency of 24%). 8. Hydrology The areas where there is the Hubei National Highways Project IV 5  (a)-The area of the expressway of the Hubei National Highways Project TV has developed surface water resulted from lots of rivers and lakes. ihe rivers and lakes there are: Ganhe, Dingsihe, Lushuihe, Luhu Futouhu and Xilianghu with plenty of surface run-off and Athrough flow. The Gan River originates on the slope of Damu Mountain in Tongshan County. It flows into Futou Lake via Paishansi, Baishaqiao, Wenquan, Rongan, Zitang and Yaozu. The total length of the river is 73.6 km with an average flow of 16.6 m3 /s. The minimum average flow is in January being only 5.1 elss, while the maximum flow is in June being 352 m3/s. The Jinshui River originates in the Damu Mountains of Tongshan County. It flows into the Yangtze River from southeast to northwest via Tongshan, Xianning, three townships of Jingxia County. The total length of the river is 144 km with an area of 2.359 km of basin. It also accepts the water from Xiliang Lake and Futou Lake. The width of the river is 30-60 m with a depth of 1.5 m. The flow varies greately with a maximum one of 370 m3/s during flood, the annual average flow is 56 1 mW/s. The Tingsi River flows through west of Xianning City, originating on the south slope of Banshen Hills. It flows through Niejiagang, Chiganggang,Xiwangang, and it comes into the Xiling Lake at Junshan Village of Gantang Tonwship. It covers a length of 27.6 km , and the average depth of the river is 0.5 m with a average flow of 2 m3/s. Both The Xiliang Lake and Futou Lake are of natural and fresh water lakes connected to the Changjiang River. Originally, the two lakes used to be one water body. Owing to the drop of the water level, Gantang Land appeared, which divided these two lakes called Futou Lake and Xiliang Lake. The rain bearing area of Futou Lake is 1,238 km' with a normal water area of 324,000 mu and a mean depth of 4 meters. The width from east to west is 9 km and the length from south to north is 18 km. The highest water level is 23.9 m and the lowest one is 19.11 m. The rain bearing area of Xiliang Lake is 827 km2. The water area during the normal water level (22.5m) is 120,000 mu with a relevant capacity of 3.12 hundred million m3. The average depth is 4 meters. (b) The other road of the Hubei Natinal Highways Project IV i.e. Tongshan-Chongyan-Puqi class I highway is located in the area where there are plenty of developed surface water systems. The two related river systems involved in the construction are Fushui and Lushui rivers. The main Fushui River starts on the north slope of Sanjiejiang Mountain running into the Yangtze River through Tongshan and Yangxin Counties with upper reaches going through Xiapu.The total length is 71 km with a valley of 571 km2 . The Tongshan River is a major tributary of the Fushui River, originating on the east. slope of Dongyanf Mountain and it flows from east to west running into the 6  Fushui River via Nanlin, Shilong, Gangban, Dalu, Tongyang and Tangjiadi etc. The length of the river is 35.1 km with a basin of 264 JM2. The Lushui River rises on the north slope of Mufu MoOntain on the border between Hubei, Hunan and Jiangxi Provinces. It flo'ws into the Yangtze River at Hongniao via Tongcheng, Chongyang, Puqi and Jiayu Counties and/or Cities. The total length is 208 km with a maximum rate of flow of 2,900 m8/s and a minimum rate of only 0.11 m8/s. (c) The surface water regimes of the other road , namely Dawu -Hong'an class I highway consists of the Huanshui River, Sheshui River and Daoshui River with all belonging to the Yangtze River System. The rivers that may be affected by the alignment are the Sheshui River and Huanshui tributary. The Huanshui River rises in the Guangtou Mountain of Dawu County passing throuth the whole Dawu County, Xiaochang and Xiaonan to flow into the Pu River at Wuolongtan of Xiaogan and then into the Yangtze River. The running distance of Huanshui River is 133 km with a valley of 3,456 km2. The width of the river body is 159-552 m and the width of the water bodies 129.551 m. The max. depth of the water 7.3 m and the max. speed is 3.57 m/s. The Shieshui River rises on the south slope of Dabie Mountain, namely the south slope of Sanjiao Mount on the border between Hubei and Henan. It runs from north to south to meet the Yangtze River via Shizichong Reservoir, Liuwangcheng and Zoujiadian. The total.length of the Sheshui River is 127.6 km with a basin of 2,174.5 km2. The Daoshui River rises on the south slope of Dabie Mountains the upper reaches of which are made up of many tributaries. It passes through Xin County and Hong'an County of Henan Province, and it runs into the Yangtze River at Xinzhou County. The total length covers 163.3 km with a valley of 1,793 km2. 9. Socio-economic Situation (a) The Hubei National Highways Project TV Expressway is situated in the southern Hubei. The areas directly affected by the planned alignment are Jiangxia District of Wuhan (2, 008. 98 km 2 ) , Xianning City (1,501.6 km2) and Puqi City (1,723 km2). The whole area affected is provided with fairly good transportation means, and the economical level is in the middle in Hubei Province. The population in 1996 in Jiangxia District, Xiannning City and Puqi City was 6. 346 million, 5.245 million and 5.013 million respectively. The GNP per capita in these areas was 4,727 yuan, 4, 520 yuan and 6, 252 yuan 7  individuaily. Education and health care can meet needs of the local people. (b) Tongshan-Chongyang-Puqi Class I Highway is located in the southeastern Hubei. The areas affected by the proposed alignment are Tongshan County (2,680 kIm2), Chongyang County (1,968 km.) and Puqi City (1,723 km2). The traffic in these areas is not convenient leading to backward economy. The population in Tongshan and Chngyang was 4,109 million and 4,545 million respectively. The GNP per capita was 2, 257 yuan and 3,066 yuan respectively. (c) Dawu-Hong'an Class I Highway is located in northeastern Hubei.The areas directly affected are Dawu County (1,985.71 km2) and Hong'an County (1, 769 km 2 ) . These areas have sufferred fTom incovenient traffic for ages constraining the economic development. As a result, they remain underdeveloped. The population here was 5, 700 million and 6,421 million in 1996, and the GNP per person was 2, 023 yuan and 2,111 yuan respectively. 10. Ecological Setting (a) The vegetation along the expressway of the project includes sub-tropical ever-green acerose-leaved forests with masson pines, China firs and cypresses being the leading ones. The sub- tropical acerose -leaved and deciduous-leaved mixed forests are found with sanders and poplars being the leading ones. The artificial vegetation includes cash crops such as tea trees , tea- oil trees and mulberry trees, and different kinds of bamboo. The main grain crops are rice, wheat, rape and beans.The study area in Jianxia and urban distict of Xiannning is of level areas with many lakes. There are less trees , but lots of good quality farmland and ponds with a forest coverage of 22.1%-27.6%. The last section in Xianning and the section in Puqi is characterized by hills with a forest coverage of 27.6-36.2% which is above that in plains. (b) Tongshan-Chongyang- Puqi Class I Highway-located area enjoys a better vegetation. The natural vegetation includes masson pines, China firs, cypress and bamboo. Artificial vegetation includes cash crops ( tea oil trees, mulberry, cotton, and fruit trees ) and grain crops ( rice,wheat, corn, rape, bean and peanut) . The forest coverage in Tongshan,Chongyang and Puqi is 55%, 59.4% and 32.6% respectively. (c) Dawu-Hong'an Class I Highway's section enjoys a better vegetation with a natural vegetation including masson pines, China firs,cypresses and bamboo. The artificial vegetation includes cash crops such as tea 8  -oil trees and mulberry, and the main grain crops are rice, wheat and rape. The forest coverage in Dawu County 32.2% and that in Hong'an 33 .7X. 11. Wild Animals (a) The geographica! conditions along the expressway is quite good with mild climate favourable to be habitats for wild animals. In early times there used to be different kinds of wild animals. However, tigers and leopards are already extinct because of desrtuction of vegetation and frequent hunting. Some other wild animals such as otters skunks and pangolins are very rare. There is abundance of fish such as carps of various kinds and ricefield eels. No rare animals have been found along the alignment. (b) The geographical conditions along Tongshan- Chongyang- Puqi Class I Highway is good enough for wild animals to live in and reproduce. The wild animals found here are boars, foxes, hares and goats. The proposed alignment will not pass through the natural reserves of provincial or national level. No rare animals have been found near the section. (c) The geographical conditions along Dawu- Hong'an Class I Highway is good for wild animals to live in and reproduce. The wild animals found here are foxes, hares and goats. No rare animals have been found near the section. 12. Cultural Heritage (a)There are a few of cultural relics along the expressway with the ancient battle field remains named Chibi being the most famous which is situated 38 km northwest of the Yangtze River, 30 km from the project. The Three Kingdom's battle field Chibi at Chifan Mount of Jinkou, Jiangxia District is 12 km away from the projected highway. The ancient street in Xindian Town of Puqi City is 4 km away from the alignment. According to the survey conducted by Hubei Cultural Relic Agency, in the study section there are two relic sites, namely Lubiangao Remains and Tucheng (Earth City) Remains. (b) The tourist resourses along Tongshan-Chongyang-Puqi Highway are Jiulonggong (Nine-Dragon Palace) scenic spot in Tongshan, Jinsha Resort in Chongyang County and Wuchibi in Puqi located 20-30 km away from the alignment. According to the survey, no cultural remains or 9  relics have been found within the study scope. (c) No cultural relics have been found withn the study scope of Dawu-Hong'an Highway. 13. Air Quality (a) The air quality along the proposed expressway is quite good. The air quality at five monitoring spots of villages and schools can all meet class two standards in GB3095-1996. (b) The air quality along Tongshan- Chongyang- Puqi class I Highway is quite good.The air quality at four monitoring spots of villages and schools can all meet class two standards in GB3095-1996. (c) The air quality along Dawu-Hong'an Highway is quite good. The air quality at four monitoring spots can all meet class two standards in GB 3095-1996. 14. Noise (a) The noise level monitored at seven spots along the proposed expressway can all meet class .1 standards in GB3096- 93. (b) The noise level monitored at nine spots along Tongshan --Chongyang-Puqi Highway can all meet class two standards in GB3096- 93 except those at Tongyang Elementary School 3 which is located close to the roadside affected by the traffic noise and noise from the street market. The noise level exceeds the standards greately. (c) The noise level monitored at seven spots along Dawu- Hong'an Highway can all meet the correspond standards in GB3096-93 except two schools. 15. Water and Soil Loss (a) The water and soil loss is slight in Jiangxia District through which the expressway passes. The average erosion modulus is 1 ,000 t/kma.a in 1995 and the loss area makes up about 5% of the natural area.Xianning lies in the transition area of the plains and low hills with the latter being greater. The serious surface runoff erosion has formed weathered matters of argillaceous rock and carbonate rock. Due to the effect of the natural conditions such as topography, geology and climate, soil erosion is likely to occur. Futhermore, some human 10  activities such as tree-cutting and mountain-burning for farming have deteriorated the erosion. On the basis of survey, the loss area in Xianning City is 717.34 km2, making up 47.79X of the total. The total amount of soil loss is 3.535 t. The annual mean erosion mcdulus is 2 ,354 t/km2.a, falling into slight erosion category. In Puqi Section,the soil-formation.matrix is mainly arenosol rock and argillaceous rock. The area of water and soil loss is 288.1 km2, making up 16. 7 of the total area with a loss amount of 1. 2467 million t a year and an average erosion modulus of 4,300 t/km2.a falling into medium erosion. (b) The area of Tongshan-Congyang-Puqi Highway is frequently striken by floods. The soil loss area in Tongshan County is 626.9 km 2 making up 25% of the total area of the county. The area of the soil loss in Chongyang is 766.7 km2 making up about 38% of the total. The average erosion modulus in both counties is about 3,000 t/km2.a. The proposed highway lies in the valley between Damu Mountains and Mufu Mountains where the forest coverage is greater ( 55% and 59. 45% respectively in the two counties). There is less erodible soil which are mainly limestone soil and red earth, and the soil-formation matrix is mainly carbonate rock that is very hard. The section kO+000-k57+000 is located on the light rolling area with soil erosion modulus of 2 ,200 t/kin2.a.beloing to slight erosion category, while section k57+000 -k74+800 is located on heavy hilly undulating area with an average modulus in the country of 3,000 t/km2.a. belonging to medinm erosion. (c) The soil-formation in Dawu County area is characterized with coarse and loose grains which is apt to be eroded. According to survey, the area suffering from water and soil loss was 533. 4 km in 1995 making up 26.86% of the total of the county. The mean erosion modulus is 4,259.5 t/km2.a belonging to medinm erosion. While in Hong'an County, the terrain rises from south to north with lots of slope farmland. The soil-formation is mainly loose grains. The water and soil loss area is 296.8 km2 making up 16.5% of the total in the county. The average annual loss amount is 0.71-1.535 million t with a mean modulus of 1,500-14,000 t/km2.a. The area through which the alignment passes belongs to medium erosion with an average modulus of 3,000t/ km2.a. D. POTENTUIL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 16. Major potential impacts and their mitigation measures regarding Hubei National Highways Projec IV Expressway and its linking roads are summerized below and incorperated in the Environmental Actin 11  Plan(EAP)of Hubei National Highways Project IV ( three copies of documents). The EAP stipulate how the environmental impacts identified in the EIA will be dealt with in the design, consrtruction and operation phases, and institutional arrangements have beeni made for the implementation of the EAP during the three distinct phases. The key elements of the EAP for National Highway Project IV are summarized as Appendix I of this Annex.. DESIGN PHASE 17. Alternative Alignment Considering various factors including minimization of land acquisition, impact of air pollution and noise on environmentally sensitive areas and floods, Xiannning Scheme I was selected as the recommended scheme for the construction of the expressway. For the other two highways, the comparison and selection of the alignment were also conducted, and as the result, the recommended schemes were selected. 18. Social Disruption In order to minimize problems of community separation and isolation due to the construction the expressway, 6 interchanges ( one per 18.5 km ) has been designed to facilitae the network of the existing and planned highways. 190 paasageways have been designed along the section of 109.815 km( 136 overpasses and 54 underpasses) that is one passageway per 1.7 km to facilitate the crossing of folk people for farming. 19. Soil Erosion Since the abundance of rainfall along the alignment, the soil erosion is a major problem. In order to prevent soil erosion as much as possible, it is suggested to plant grass or sod on slopes and cutting sites. Slope protection, such as retaining walls and slurry -lining, are also incorparated in the design. Temporary and permanent drainage systems are incorparated to minimize soil erosion and alteration of hydrological regimes, including impacts on irrigation works. 20. Earthworks Since the land undulates to a considerablr extent, large quantities of excavation and backfill works are required in some sections, which will cause significant impacts on ground stability and 12  ecological setting as well as dust and noise problems during the construction phase. Particular attention was paid to to balance the cuts and fills along the route so that spoil from excavation works are best used for embankment works and impacts of borrow/spoil operations on farmland are minimized. Quarries and borrow sites are selected in such a way ,as to minimize the dust and other problems at environmentally sensitive locations such as residential areas. 21. Noise Most of the villages within 200 m from the roadsides are small and thinly populated. Altogether 146 environmentally sensitive sites were selected for special attention for the expressway and its 4 linking roads. According to the traffic noise prediction during the operation phase(2002, 2012 and 2022), the noise level at some sites will exceed the assessment criteria. To avoid such noise problems, the measures such as noise barriers and walls, enclosing walls, relocation installation of insulated windows, afforestation have been identified and integrated into the design, considering predicted noise levels and local situations. At eleven environmentally sensitive sites along Tongshan -Chongyang-Puqi Highway the noise levels will exceed the standards to significant extent, so enclosing walls, installation of insulated windows, afforestation will be taken to solve the problems. While for Dawu-Hong'an Highway, 16 sensitive sites exceed the criteria. The same measures will be taken to solve the problems. 22. Air Pollution For Hubei National Highways Project IV, in 2002, 2012 and 2022, at the cross sections predicted, neither NO nor NOx will exceed the assessment criteria except for the concentration caused by the increased traffic. However, some measures will be taken such as to check the exhaust gas at the toll stations. 23. Water Pollution Domestic sewage at six toll stations will be disposed of by means of septic tanks for fertilising farmland, and the domestic garbage will be disposed of centrally. The waste oil from the machinery will be treated by means of oil separators. Culvert pipes will be preembedded in construction to facilitate irrigation channels, the cross section of which should not be smaller than the original cross section of the channel. In construction of permanent drainage systems, temporary channels or pipes will be built for irrigation or drainage. 13  24. Cultural Relics Following the relevant regulations in China, an archaeological survey was carried out by Hubei Archaeological Institute in January -February, 1998.It is found that two sites of remains for the expessway need archaeologically excavating, the cost for which has been incorperated in.the estimated cost of the project. No cultural relics have been found in the other two highway sections. 25. Flooding Frequent floods occur in the expressway areas due to low lands.Therefore, all bridges and roadside drainage systems are designed to meet requirements for safe discharge of floods ( no less than 100 year design floods). All roadside drainage systems, bridges and culverts are designed to meet requirements for safe discharge of floods for other two highways. 26. Afforestation Afforestation will be undertaken to improve landscape by plating bushes and high trees at some schools and villages. Trees will be planted at living areas , management sections, toll stations and ramps of interchanges to beautify the environment. 27. Accidental Spills of Hazardous Materials To minimize the damage caused by accidental spills of hazardous materials in river course, crash barries along the road will be strengthened in bridge design. CONSTRUCTION PHALSE 28. For the recommended scheme ( Xianning Scheme I ) of expressway of the National Highway Project IV in Hubei Province, the total amount of 75866.4 m2 buildings will be removed and 1897 people will be resettled. The Land Acquisition and Building Removal Office of Jing-Zhu Expressway under the WB Project Office of BPCD is in charge of this task. The Resettlement Action Plan has been compiled by this unit in order to guarantee the problem of removal and resettlement caused by the project's development could be solved nicely before construction. For the other road of the National Highway Project IV in Hubei Province, the task of building removal will be taken by the local governments along the route. 29. Air Pollution 14  Quarries and earth/lime mixing sites will be set up 200 m' beyond centrally populated areas or schools. Material transport roads and access roads will be sprayed regularly with water and kept moist. Asphalt mixing stations will be 300 m away or beyond from and downwind of the nearest residential area or school, and will be equipped with dust collectors. Besides, stockpiles and storage areas will be either covered or sprayed. Mixing devices will be enclosed, and the workers will be protected properly. 30. Noise When the construction activities are within 150 m of the residential areas, noise construction works will not be undertaken during the night time(22:00-6:00). When the activities are within 50 m from the residentioal areas, noise proofing measures will be taken. When the construction works are slose to schools, special attention will be made to minimize the interference to the teaching. Besides, Maintenance of machines will be strengthened to ensure the lowest noise produced. 31. Ecosystem Planned borrow will be performed by excavating, levelling and afforesting at the same time. After the construction completed , the borrow sites will be rehabilitated for farming. When the borrow is done in the flat areas or near lakes, it is suggested to combine the borrow with aquatic farming, and the people concerned will be consulted prior to excavation. In addition, the borrow sites will be at proper distance from the road. Forest areas will not be used for material borrow sites. Within three months after the subgrade is completed, on the slopes or other proper places, plantation of trees and grasses will be conducted. The project itself, plantation, slope protection and roadside drainage works will be accepted at the same time. If excavation has to be done in arable land, top soil layer will be saved and retured to the iand after the construction work is completed to minimize impacts on ecosystem and agriculture. Education of construction workers will be strenghened to protect natural resources, wild plants and animals. Poaching will be strictly prohibited. Spoil disposal will be carried out in a manner not to cause damage to farmland and other facilitie and not to block river flow. Spoil diposal sites wil carefully selected in consultation with local environmental protection bureaus. 32. Soil Erosion and Water Pollution Culvert pipes will be preembedded for irrigation channels of l5  swall type, the cross section of which will not be smaller than the original one. All necessary measures will be taken to prevent earth and stones from silting up rivers, water channels or existing irrigation and drainage systems. Temporary channel or conduit will be constructed for irrigation and drainage during the construction of permanent drainage systems. 33. Construction Camps The domestic sewage, garbage and feces will be disposed of centrally,not discharged into the water bodies directly. Septic tanks or dry toilets and garbage disposal sites will be installed at camps and management areas to treat sewage, garbage or feces for fertilizing farmland. 34. Cultural Relics Construction works will be stopped immediately if any culturural relics are discovered as a result of road construction or excavation activities. The local cultural authorities will be informed and a field survey of the site will be undertaken. Excavation will not be resumed until authorized institutions identify the importance and the necessary preservation measures of the discovery. 35. Transportation Management Hauling route of construction materials will be selected in a careful manner to minimize intrerference with existing communucations facilities, dust and noise. Adequate actions will be taken in consultation with Communications and Public Security Departments , to prevent or minimize traffic accidents during the construction period. Furthermore, at crossings of roads temporary survice roads will be installed as appropriate. A transportation plan will be developed to avoid transportation of construction materials during peak traffic hours on existing roads. 36. Construction Safety In order to guarantee consruction safety, efficient lighting equipment and safety signs will be installed and maintained on temporary roads during the construction, and adequate traffic regulations will be adopted and implemented for temporary roads. During the construction, effective safety and warning measures will be adopted to reduce accidents. Blasting time, signals and guards will be stipulated. People and vehicles in dangerous areas will be evacuated in time. Thorough checks will be made before blasting. Blasting will not be carried out during peak work periods so as to avoid traffic jams, injuries and deaths of people. Management and usage of blasting 16  materials will strictly follow safety requirements of the Public Security Department. OPERATION PHASE 37. Noise and Air Pollution No horning signs will be installed at school sections. Noise -isolating windows will be adopted , and afforestation will be made too to-minimize noise and air pollution. 38. Vehicle Management Better vehicle maintenance and management will be enhanced to keep vehicles in good conditions. Vehicle noise and emission inspection will be strenghened. If a vehicle does not comply with the noise and/or emission standards, an operating license will not be given. Old vehicles with low speed , great noise and high oil consumption will not be allowed to run on the expressway. Vehicles will be checked at the toll stations. 39. Traffic Management Toll stations will be used for traffic management. During snowy and foggy days, driving speed will be limited to avoid traffic accidents.No vehicles with leakage and overload will be allowed to run on the expressway to avoid water pollution. 40. Risk of Hazardous Materials Spill An emergency leading team has been set up with relevant department by both the Hubei Provincial High- class Highway Administrative Bureau and the Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau to deal with accidental spill of hazardous materials. This leading team was already set up in Project X, so it is asked to to undertake the management of hazardous materials spill. The Public security Bureau will designate specific routes and parking lots for vehicles carrying hazardous materials. In case of accidental spill of hazardous materials, the relevant departments will be immediately informed to take prompt actions based on the emergency plan. 41. Expresswy Control Area Construction of schools and hospitals requiring high environment standards will not be allowed within 111 m from the central line of the road. E. ALTERNATIVE SCHEMNES 17  42. In the determination procedure of alignment scheme, consultations and discussions are made many times among designing unit (Hubei Provincial Communication Planning and Designing Institute), EIA unit(Xian Highway Transportation University) , government agencies, environmental protection departments, city planning departments, deputies to the National People's Congress, and affected masses along the proposed highway. To eliminate the unfavorable impacts by the highway construction, the route makes detour to avoid big villages, schools, military installations, etc. In the mean time, the route avoids lakes as far away as possible to eliminate the impacts on water bodies. Upon the synthetic consideration of engineering, economic, environmental and resettlement elements, recommended schemes are determined. (a) The four alternatives are chosen for the expressways of the Hubei Project IV: Xianning Scheme I, Xianning Scheme I, Xianning Sheme I and Jiayu Scheme. In the project feasiblity study report in Oct.1996 or early reports, Xianning Scheme I was the recommended one with the three other ones comparative. From than on, based on careful study by the Hubei Communication Planning and Design Institute and the requirements from the World Bank, Xianning Sheme I was determined as the recommended scheme in March of 1998 with the three other ones as the comparative from which Scheme I is the major one. The alignments of the four schemes are shown in Fig.2. Considering all the above facors, we can conclude that Xianning Scheme I is superior to the others. (b) There are three road sections having alternatives for Tongshan-chongyang-Puqi class two highway, i.e. Road Section of Urban Tongshan City, Road Section of Puqi Textile Factory and Road Section of Suburban Puqi. For their alignments, see Annex Fig. Compared with the comparative scheme, the recommended one is superior to the other one considering various factors such as engineering, cost, environment and resettlement. (c) There are two road sections having alternatives for Dawu -Hong'an class two highway, i.e. Xincheng Road Section and Hekou Road Section. For their alignments, see Annex Fig. Compared with the comparative scheme, the recommended one is superior to the other one considering various factors such as engineering, cost, environment and resettlement. F. INVESTIMEN FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECT[ON 18  startin3g point~ -1. Mlik"--tifi, ~ ~ ~ ~ 4 fi' r *, Compared Sheme (Iiem iag Sh pint K Xianniug Scheme III & J~~~~~~~~~~~iayuShee , Large Bridge~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~C k~ Sketch Map of mgmeut Schemes ofiaNationalem The ending point ~ ~ ~~ ~#~' ~ ~ hway Promectredi Sheme iaPrninc SeeU  43. The investment for - environmental protection of National Highway Project IV in Hubei Province consist of the following three parts. (a) The expressway of National Highway Project IV in Hubei Province and its linking roads require 29.092 million yuan for lump -sum cost oi environmental protection engineering, and 14. 1 million yuan for total 20 years operational cost of environmental protection facilities. (b) The other road of the National Highways Project IV--Class I Tongshang-Chongyang-Puqi Highway requires 3.255 million yuan for lump -sum cost of environmental protection engineering, and 2. 15 million yuan for total 20 years operational cost of environmental protection facilities. (c) The other road of the National Highways Project IV--Class I Dawu-Hong'an Highway requires 2.485 million yuan for lump- sum cost of environmental protection engineering, and 1.775 million yuan for total 20 years operational cost of environmental protection facilities. G. ENVIRONMETAL MONITORING AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT a. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING 44. During the construction and operation phases of Hubei National Highways Project IV and the other roads, environmental monitoring will be carried out to verify the actual impacts on the environment, identify unexpected environmental probloms at an early stage, and adjust environmental protection measures as appropriate. The highway monitoring units under Hubei High- class Highway Administrative Bureau will be responsible for environmental monitoring during construction and operation phases. 45. THe major items to be monitored during construction phase will include air quality, noise, and water quality. These items will be monitored during the operation as well. In addition, sewage discharge at survice areas, toll stations and administrative areas will be monitored. The detailed monitoring plan is presented below. 46. Air Quality During the construction phase, TSP and asphalt fumes will be monitored at the asphalt mixing sites and earth/lime mixing sites and construction sites without pavement. TSP and asphalt fumes will be 19  monitored once a week, two times a day in the morning and afternoon. 47. During the operation phase, NOx, CO and TSp will be monitored two times a year for five consecutive days each time. Four times of sampling is done a day at sensitive sites such as schools and hospitals. 48. Noise During the construction phase, noise monitoring will be carried out once a week at the sensitive sites (schools and hospitals), and one day a time, i.e. two times of sampling In daytime and at night. During the operation phase, noise will be monitored four times a year, one day each time, i.e. two times of sampling in daytime and at night. 49. Water Quality During the construction and operation phases, water quality will be monitored involving the following rivers and reservoirs: Cai, Gan,Dingsi and Pan (Hubei National Highways Project IV Expressway) ; Xiadian,Nieshui, Xinzhai Reservoir, PIshui, Tongshan, Baini and Lushui Reservoir (Hubei National Highways Project IV other roads). Monitoring will be conducted once per week. 50. Waste water from the survices, toll stations and administrative areas will be monitored two times a year. b. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS 51. During the construction and operation phases, the following institutional arrangements for environmental protection will be undertaken for Hubei National Highways Project IV and the other roads. (a) The Environmental Protection Office of HPCD staffed with three experts and other staff members set up for Project 3 will be responsible for the environmental management and excution of various regulations by the employer of Project TV and the other roads. (b) Two experts in environmental protection from the WB Project Office of Hubei Provincial Communications Department ( HPCD) will be in charge of the environmental management of Project IV in design and construction phase. (c) Two experts in environmental protection from Hubei High Class Highway Administrative Bureau will be in charge of the 20  implementation of the protection measures and administration during- the operation phase of Project IV. Two experts in envoronmental protection from Hubei Highway Bureau will be in charge of the implementation of environmental protection measures and administration of the other roads- during the operation phase of Project IV. (d) One or two persons from each of the Highway Management Divisions of Xianning City, Puqu, Jiangxia Ditrict, Tongshan County, Chongyang County, Dawu County and Hong'an County will be responsible for the environmental managemant of their own division. (e) The environmental monitoring unit under Hubei Provincial High-class Highway Bureau ( was established for Project. 3) will carry out the environmental monitoring during both construction and operation phases or entrust the local relative units to carry out the task. (f) During the construction phase, six environmental supervisors will be in the employ of the WB Project Office of HECD to be in charge of the environmental supervision of ProjectlV Expressway. Three environmental supervisors will be responsible for the environmental supervision of Tongshan- Chongyang- Puqi Highway, two supervisors will be responsible for the environmental supervision of Dawu- Hong'an Highway. The environmental protection measures in tendering documents and articles in EAP will be supervised. 52. The following environmental training will be undertaken to provide adequate training for enrivonmental staff at all levels. (a)Four staff each from Hubei WB Project Office, High- class Highway Administrative Bureau,EP Office of HPCD and Provincial Highway Planning & Design Institute will be sent to developed countries to investigate environmental management and study advanced experiences abroad. (b) During construction phase, the following personnel will attend domestic environmental protection management trainig: 2 from Provincial WB Project Office; 2 from each road-section administrative unit of Jiangxia District, Xiannning City and Puqi City and Provincial Highway Bureau; 1 from each communications division of Tongshan, Chongyan, Puqi, Dewu and Hong'an totalling 15. (c)During construction, 11 environmental supervisors will be 21  assigned to attend domestic environmental supervision training. (d) During construction, 16 persons will be sent to attend training courses on dealing with emergency. (et. During operation phase, 31 persons will attend domestic training on environmental protection management. They are: 2 from High - class Highway Administrative Bureau; 4 from each highway administrative unit of Jiangxia District, Xiannning City and Puqi (including those during construction phase); 2 from Provincial Highway Bureau; 3 from each communications division of Tongshan, Chongyang and Puqu (including those during construction phase) ; 4 from each communications division of Dawu and Hong'an. H. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION 53. Scope of and Method for Public Participation In Dec.1997, the EIA group of this project made public surveys in the areas that will be affected by the proposed highway in Jiangxia district, Xianning City , Puqi City, Chongyang County, Tongshan County, Dawu County and Hong'an County . We held meetings and delivered questionnaires to collect opinions from representatives of NPC ( National People's Congress) , people's governments at different levels, social organizations along the route, and especally the people in the affected area on both sides of the routes. We also consulted environmental protection organizations, agricultural organizations, forestry organizations and transportation organizations about environmental protection along the route. 54. Opinions and requirements from the impacted people , social organizations and peoples governments along the proposed highway are as follows: (1) The impacted people along the proposed highway are concerned at compensation of land acquisition and resettlement. They asked that compensation should be executed according to the requirements of state policies. (2) Most of the impacted people asked to be resettled in their own villages when they have to move. v (3) Most of the impacted people in the area along the proposed expressway worries about the inconvenience in future visiting and shopping caused by the separation of the proposed expressway. It is asked that fly over bridges and passage ways be built near their villages. (4) When we talking about the impact problems of noise and exhausting gas with villagers, they asked that protection measures be adopted or moving to a suitable place far away from the expressway but 22  still in their own village. (5) Teachers of the impacted schools ask for construction of surrounding walls to minimize noise and protect safety of their students. (6) Villagers in the area passed by linking roads .shown a much warmer attitude to the construction of the proposed project than the villagers in the area passed by expressway, we found almost no complain from the former. (7) All the governments at city or county level welcomed the highway sections to pass through the area under their own administration. (8) It is asked that at least 1 interchange be built in each city and district where the expressway passes through. 55. Solutions to Problems (1) During the construction of the proposed highway, the Construction unit will act in close coordination with the local governments and National People's Congress at different Levels, collect opinions and requirements from the public in time and strictly executes state rules and regulations about land acquisition, Temoval and resettlement and compensation. Resettlements of the families will be arranged in their own villages as far as possible. (2) As to the "exits and entrances" of the proposed highway required by governments along the route, it had been considered thoroughly in the Feasibility Study Report on this project. Ensure 1 to 2 interchanges set for every City or District. Average distance between interchanges is 18.5km, which can meet the demand for connection between the existing highways and the proposed highway. (3) Because most of the impacted people worries about the inconvenience in future visiting and shopping caused by the separation of the proposed expressway, the designing unit plans to set 190 passage ways along the line to satisfy the requirements of local residents. As for the total 109.815km long expressway, the average distance between passage ways is 0.58km, which can basically meet the needs of the local people for communication and farming. (4) To the noise pollution problems concerning by the impacted people and teachers of the impacted schools, specific analysis and studies with concrete measures have been made already in the assessment reports. Suitablq mitigation measures will be adopted. In the execution procession of the measures, more consultations will be done for the impacted people. Satisfaction of the impacted people will be achieved in the end. The suggestions and requirements arising from public participation have been given a thorough consideration at the preparation stage of the highway. 23  I. CONCLUSION 56. From the environmental point of view, the recommended scheme is superior to the comparative scheme. 57. The impacts upon acoustic and air environmental quality during construction are mainly the noise of construction machinery, dust and asphalt smog pollution. The environmental quality of life and teaching in sensitive spots, such as villages and schools along the route will not be affected to a great extent. The measures such as reasonable-construction schedule, proper sites of asphalt concrete mixing plants and lime soil mixers, sprinkling at proper time and covering with canvas, etc. will be implemented. 58. There is no distribution of rare animals and plants in the assessment area along the proposed highway. The construction of the project will have no effect on rare animals and plants. 59. The construction of the proposed highway will not be started until the two sits with cultural relics have been excavated and protected, so that the construction of the proposed highway has not greatly impact on historical relics. 60. Sewage of toll station and managemental zones will be treated by septic tank before using in irrigation, which can solve the pollution problem of surface water by waste water utilization. Sewage of service zones and rest zones will be treated by small style waste water treatment station to attain standard before discharging. 61. During the service time of the highway, the traffic noise may affect the acoustic quality to a certain extent, especially near residential quarters and schools. When environmental protection measures are taken, the reasonable teaching and living conditions can be assured. 62. The constructive project the National Highways ProjectWV Expressway and its linking roads and the two other roads will be of great significance in accelerating regional economic development; improving the present state of transportation; improving the condition for investment and promoting the development of the tourist industry. The construction of the project will result in some negative environmental effects along the route, such as loss of land resources, damage to vegetation and the reduction of environmental quality, etc. But when corresponding measures are taken the negative effects upon the environment will be alleviated or eliminated. The negative effects will be allowed by the environment. Therefore, the construction of the project is feasible. 24  Appendix I. The EIA Standards Standards Identifier "Standard of Environmental Noise of Urban Area" GB3096-93 "Ambient Air Quality Standard' GB3095-1996 "Surface Water Quality Standard' GB3838-88 'Standards For Irrigation Water Quality" GB5084-92 'Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard' GB8978-1996 "Environmental Quality Standard for Soils" GB15618-1995 'Hygienic Standards for Limitation of Pb in Food" GB14935-94 'Construction Site Border Area Noise Level' GB12523-90 'Bitumen Industry Pollutant Emission Standard' GB12523-90 'Environmental Vibration Standard for Urban Area' (GB10071-88) Table 1-1 Standard of Envionmentsa Noise of Urban Area (GB309r-93) Classification' Daytime dB(A) Nighttime dB(A) I Applicable area 0 | 50 | 40 ! Special resident area I | 55 45 Resident, education and institution 2 60 50 Resident,commercial,industrial mixed area 3 | 65 55 Built-up industrial area 4 | 70 | 55 Both sides of trunk road Table 1-2 Ambient Air Quality Standards (GB3095-1996) Limitation concentration mg/Nm3 Pollutants _ C Timce ls TSP Daily average 0.3 COD Daily average 4 One hour average 10 NOK | Daily average 0.1 I____ _ 1 One hour average 0.15 Note: Standard Class 2 Is suitable for the residential regions; comercial, communicative and residential mixed regions; ordinary industrial and rural areas. 25  Table 1-3 Surface Water Envirnment Quality Standards (GB 8 ) Classification Pal lutants I I p * i PH 6.5 8. 69 COD.. (mg/l) < 2 4 6 8 10 Oil (mg/I) < 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.5 r 1.0 Pb (mg/I) < 0.01 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.1 Note: Standard Class lis suitable for the sources of water and the natural protection regions Standard Class I is suitable for the Class I protection areas of sources of centralized drinking water; precious fish protection areas; fish and shrimp aquiculture areas; Standard Class I is suitable for the Class 2 protection areas of sources of centralized drinking water; ordinary fish protection areas; and swimning areas; Standard Class IV is suitable for the ordinary industrial area and indirectly contact amusement areas; Standard Class V is suitable for the agricultural areas and ordinary scenery areas; Table 1-4 Standards For lrrigation Water Quality (GBSS4-M2) i crops classif ication Pollutants i l I waterfarming| dryfarming vegetable I I BOD5 (mg/I) < 80 150 80 COD.. (mg/I) < 200 300 150 SS (mg/I) < 150 I 200 100 Oil (mg/I) < 5.0 10- i 1.0 PH 5.5 - 8.5 Pb ( mg/I) < 0.1 Table 1-6 Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB8978-199) Pollutants | Scope of application j Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 l~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ I. PH < Any construction project 6 - 9 i 6 - 9 6 - 9 SS_____ ormalconstuctio project____ _ + SS (mg/I) < Normal construction project 70 150 400 BOD. (mg/I) j Normal construction project 20 i 30 300 COD