China - Second Fujian Highway Project (Vol. 3 of 9) : Zhangzhou-zhaoan Expressway : Statement of Environmental Impact Assessment

World Bank Loan Project R-254 REVISED VOL. 3 .ZHANGZHOU-ZHAOAN EXPRESSWAY .4;. . . .. . B . Fujian Provincial Highway Project 1 Tongjiang-Sahya National Highway:Trunk Line People's Republic of China STATEMENT OF.. .-ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT-ASSESSMENT.' - ,~ ~ ~~~~- . . . . ;. ... t .. - - . - . . .. Ri~ ighw*ay, ranspoqrtsitionUniest [~ ~~- - -Z~~# . -- -- -& 4SAEM N OF* I~~- . . . . . . . .. . .. . #, . . . . . . .- . -. .;. - : .- . :. .: S~ ~ - ::9 . ' -. ' . . * . . _ _ . __ , , , , . ._ .. l; - - --~~~~~;Z .,', .,,~~~~~ ~.  World Bank Loan Project ZHANGZHOU-ZHAOAN EXPRESSWAY Fujian Provincial Highway Project II Tongjiang-Sanya National Highway Trunk Line People's Republic of China STATEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT Xian Highway Transportation University April 1999  Statement-making Unit: Xian Highway Transportation University Legal Person: Chen Yinsan (President) Chief Engineer: Zhang Yufen EIA Director: Deng Shunxi Person in Charge of the EIA: Cao Shencun Project Participants: Cao Shencun, Zhao Jianqiang, Liu Shan, Liu Yingling, Zhao Aiqi, Shang Lian, Zhao Meixin, Zhen Xiaolu, Xie Weidong, Zhang Yufen Members of the EIA Team: Statement Compiler: Cao Shencun Associate Professor Subject of Atmospheric Environmental Impact: Liu Shan Lecturer Subject of Acoustic Environmental Impact: Zhao Aiqi Engineer Liu Yingling Master of Environmental Engineering Subject of Ecological Environmental Impact: Cao Shencun Associate Professor Subject of Water Environmental Impact: Zhao Jianqiang Associate Professor Subject of Social Economic Environmental Impact: Zhao Aiqi Engineer Liu Yingling Master of Environmental Engineering Present Situation Monitoring Unit: Environmental Monitoring Station of Zhangzhou City  Preface Zhangzhou - Zhaoan Expressway is one of the important sections of the national trunk line (Tongjiang in Heilongjiang Province - Sanya in Hainan Province) located in Fujian Province, which will speed up the formation of the main traffic artery in coastal areas of China. In the north, it will connect with Xiamen-Zhangzhou Expressway (40km), Quanzhou-Xiamen Expressway (81km), and Fuzhou-Quanzhou Expressway (165km) of Fujian Province; while in the south it will connect with Shantou-Chaozhou-Fenshuiguan Expressway and Shantou-Shenzhen Expressway of Guantong Province. The high-speed direct passages from the capital of Fujian Province (Fuzhou) to Guangdong Province, Hong Kong, and Macao will be constructed, which will join the Zhujiang Delta area to the southeastern part of Fujian Province as a whole coastal area of reforn and opening. As a result, a relatively integrated expressway net will be formed involving the four Special Economic Zones of our country (Xiamen, Shantou, Zhuhai, and Shenzhen) and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. The function of the special region acting as a window in the opening of the country will be fully utilized, which will greatly promote the economic development of Fujian and Guangdong Province and the southeastern coastal areas of our country. The total length of the proposed Highway is 140.459 km. The investment in the project is 5054 million RMB yuan. According to the concerning regulations from "Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China", "Methods of Environmental Protection for Project Constructions" with reference number of 003 by the State Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA), and "Methods of Environmental Protection for Traffic Project" with reference number of 17 by Ministry of Communication (MOC), the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) works of this project are carried out. The construction of the road section KO+000-K8+000 and the proposed environmental protection mitigation measures in the EIA/EAP of the road section KO+000-K8+000 will not be financed by the World Bank Loan for this project. However, Fujian Provincial Communication Department (FPCD) will implement the environmental protection mitigation measures of this road section according to the requirements of the EIA/EAP. The preliminary work of Zhangzhou - Zhaoan Expressway was entrusted to the Fujian Provincial Communication Planning and Design Institute (FPCPDI) by the Fujian Provincial Expressway Construction Directorate Office (FPECDO) in 1993. Complement and revision were made to the pre-feasibility study report in 1994 and 1997. In Oct. 1997,  Xian Highway Transportation University was entrusted by the FPECDO to undertake the EIA work of this project. An on-the-spot survey along the proposed highway was done by the EIA working team from Xian Highway Transportation University in Nov. 1997, assisted by FPECDO, FPCPDI, Expressway Directorate Office of Zhangzhou City, and Environmental Monitoring Station of Zhangzhou City. The situations of environmental sensitive sports, environmental condition, and economic development were investigated. A large amount of concerning informnation was resembled. Then the EIA Outline for this project was compiled in Dec. 1997, which passed the inspection by SEPA on Jan. 4 1998. Revision of the EIA Outline was done based on the suggestion of SEPA, which was authorized again with by the NEPB on Feb. 19, 1998. According to the EIA Outline, and the assessment standards authorized by Fujian Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau (FPEPB), we began the work of EIA. Upon consideration that this project is a World Bank (WB) financed project, we carried out our EIA work, observing both the regulations of our country and the demands of WB. The EIA is compiled based on the discussions and consultations with construction unit and designing unit, and it is revised and amended based on the suggestions of WB experts. The version of EIA in Dec. 1998 was up dated according to the newest version of Engineering Feasibility Study Report (April 1998) and its supplementary materials in Sep. 1998. The revision of this EIA has been done following the suggestions of WB experts in Nov. 1998, Jan. 1999, and in Mar. 1999. This version of EIA (Mar. 1999) is the newest version of EIA. We would like to be in acknowledgement of the concerning agencies: SEPA, Environmental Protection Office in MOC, FPEPB, FPECDO, FPCPDI, Expressway Directorate Office of Zhangzhou City, Environmental Protection Bureau of Zhangzhou City, and the governmental and the administrative agencies in Longhai County, Zhangpu County, Yunxiao County, Zhaoan County, etc., which provide assistance and convenience to the EIA works. The present monitoring data used in this statement are provided by Environmental Monitoring Station of Zhangzhou City.  CONTENT 1 INTRODUCTIONN ............................................................ 1 1.1 Source and Characteristic of the Project and It's Preliminary Work ..................1 1.2 Categories and Classifications of EIA ........ ...........................................2 1.3 Objectives of EIA ............................................................ 2 1.4 Bases of EIA ........................................................... 3 1.5 Scope and Standards of EIA .............................................................3 1.6 Procedure and Phase of EIA ............................................................6 1.7 Technologies and Methodologies in EIA ................................................ 7 1.8 Content, Key Points and Targets to be protected in EIA .............................. 7 2 ENGINEERING DESCRIPTION & POLLUTION SOURCE ANALYSIS.....9 2.1 Engineering Description ............................................................ 9 2.1.1 Alignment and Geographical Position ................................................. 9 2.1.2 The Recommended Alignment Scheme and Main Controlling Points ............9 2.1.3 Construction Scope and Technical Standards ....................................... 10 2.1.4 Traffic Volume Prognosis ............................................................ 12 2.1.5 Land Acquired for the Project and Resettlement ................................... 12 2.1.6 Engineering Investment and Working Schedule .................................... 12 2.2 Pollution Source Analysis ............................................................ 13 2.2.1 Analysis of Pollution Source during Construction Phases ........................ 13 2.2.2 Analysis of Pollution Source during Operation Phases ............................ 14 3 PRESENT ENVIRONMRNTAL ASSESSMENT . . 17 3.1 Status Quo of Natural Environment along the Proposed Highway .. 1 7 3.1.1 Land Features and Topography ........................................................ 17 3.1.2 Meteorology ............................................................. 17 3.1.3 Hydrogeology ............................................................ 17 3.1.4 Vegetation ............................................................ l18 3.2 Present Assessment of Ecological Environment . .1 8 3.2.1 Status Quo of Environment and Sampling Analysis Methods ..................... 18 3.2.2 Assessment of Status Quo of Soil Pollution ......................................... 19 3.2.3 Wild Plants and Animals ............................................................ 20 3.3 Assessment of Status Quo of Soil Erosion ............................................. 20 3.4 Assessment of Status Quo of Social Environment . . 21 3.4.1 Present Situation of Social Environment ............................................. 21 3.4.2 Sensitive Spots along the Proposed Highway ....................................... 22 3.5 Assessment of Status Quo of Acoustic Environment . . 25 3.5.1 Investigation and Monitoring of Present Acoustic Environment . ...... ...... 25  3.5.2 Statistic Data of Present Acoustic Environmental Noise at Sensitive Spots .... 26 3.5.3 Assessment of Present Environmental Noise along the Alignment ............... 27 3.6 Assessment of Present Atmospheric Quality .......................................... 30 3.6.1 Present Air Environmental Quality and Assessment ................................ 30 3.6.2 Meteorological Features ......................................................... 33 3.7 Present Water Environment and Assessment .......................................... 37 3.7.1 River Regimes & Hydrogeology ...................................................... 37 3.7.2 Assessment On Present Surface Water Environment .............................. 38 3.7.3 Assessment of Present Surface Water Quality ....................................... 40 4 PREDICTED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURE ..... 43 4.1 Analysis of Impacts on the Ecosystem ................................................. 43 4.1.1 Prediction and Assessment of Impacts of Lead Content in Soil .................. 43 4.1.2 The Potential Impact of the Alignment on the Farming along the Project ...... 46 4.1.3 Protection of Wild Animals and Plants ............................................. 49 4.1.4 Protection Measures for Ecological Environment .................................. 49 4.1.5 Measures and Suggestions about Vegetation Restoration .......................... 49 4.2 Prediction of Soil Erosion during Construction Phase . . 51 4.2.1 Prediction Model for Soil Erosion .................................................... 51 4.2.2 Value of Various Factors Adopted in EIA ............................................ 51 4.2.3 Calculation of Soil Erosion ........................................................ 52 4.2.4 Earthwork Balance of Subgrade Works ............................................... 54 4.2.5 Impacts of Poor Geology on the Project ............................................. 56 4.2.6 Plan of Prevention of Soil Erosion .................................................... 56 4.3 Impact Analysis of Social Environment ................................................ 62 4.3.1 Beneficial Analysis of Social Environment .......................................... 62 4.3.2 Impact Analysis of Highway Construction on Life of Residents ................. 63 4.3.3 Risk Analysis of Accidents ........................................................ 65 4.3.4 Cultural & Historical Relics Investigation ............ ttt....-....................... 68 4.3.5 Mitigation Measures of Impacts on Social Environment ........................ 70 4.3.6 Impact of Transportation of Construction Materials & Mitigation Measure . 72 4.4 Prediction and Assessment of Traffic Noise Impact on Environment .. 75 4.4.1 Prediction and Calculation of Traffic Noise ......................................... 75 4.4.2 EIA of Traffic Noise ................................................ 79 4.4.3 Analysis of Environmental Impact during Construction Phase ................... 85 4.4.4 Assessment and Conclusion of Acoustic Environment ............................ 86 4.4.5 Mitigation Measures of Acoustic Environment Impact ........................... 87 4.5 Prediction and Assessment of Impact on Ambient Air . . 93 4.5.1 Prediction Model ................................................ 93 4.5.2 Identification of Various Parameters in Prediction Model ......................... 93 4.5.3 Prediction of Concentration of CO and NOx ........................................ 95 4.5.4 Assessment of Impact on Ambient Air Quality in the Study Areas ............ 103 4.5.5 Prediction Analysis of CO Concentrations in Tunnel ............................. 108 II  4.5.6 Analysis of Impact of Flying Dust on Environment during Construction ...... 111 4.5.7 Assessment and Conclusion and Environmental Protection Measures ....... 111 4.6 Prediction and Assessment of Impact on Water ......................... 113 4.6.1 Analysis of Pollution Source Strength .............................................. 113 4.6.2 Prediction and Assessment of Impact on Water Environment ................... 116 4.6.3 Conclusion of Water Quality Analysis .............................................. 121 4.6.4 Environmental Protection Measures and Suggestions ............................ 121 4.7 Environmental Protection of Interchanges and Link Roads . ................. 123 4.7.1 Interchanges ............ 123 4.7.2 Dongyuan-Fugong Link Roads ..................................................... 124 4.7.3 Huxi(Zhaojiabao)-Fuotan Link Roads .............................................. 128 5 ALTERNATIVE SCHEMES ....................................................... 131 5.1 Introduction to Engineering Schemes ................................................. 131 5.2 Environmental Comparison of Schemes .............................................. 133 5.3 Comparison Analysis on Alternate Schemes of Sensitive spots ................... 138 6 ANALYSIS ON LOSS AND BENEFIT OF ENVIRONMENT .................. 142 6.1 Economic Benefit Analysis of the Project ............................................ 142 6.2 Analysis of Economic Sensibility ...................................................... 143 6.3 Estimation of EP Investment ...................................................... 144 6.4 Cost-Benefit Analysis of Environmental Protection Investment .................. 146 7 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN ........ 148 7.1 Environment Management Agencies and Responsibilities ......................... 148 7.2 EP Agencies and Their Functions During Operation Phase ..................... 148 7.3 Major Issues in Environmental Protection Management Plan ........... 151 7.4 Environmental Protection Supervision Plan ....................................... 156 7.5 Environmental Protection Staff Training ............................................. 157 7.6 Environmental Monitoring Plan ..................................................... 158 7.6.1 Environmental Monitoring Plan in Construction Phase ........................... 158 7.6.2 Environmental Monitoring Plan in Operation Phase ........................... 159 7.6.3 Equipment, Expenditure and Reporting of Monitoring .......................... 159 8 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION ....................................................... 161 8.1 Early Stage Work of the Project ...................................................... 161 8.2 Investigation Subjects and Ways of Participation ................................. 161 8.3 Examples of Typical Consultations and Hearings ................................... 162 8.4 Statistic Results of Public Participation and Opinion Treatment ....... I .......... 164 9 CONCLUSIONS ...................................................... 168 9.1 Alignment Scheme Selection ...................................................... 168 9.2 EIA on Ecological Environment ...................................................... 168 9.3 EIA on Social Environment ...................................................... 169 111  9.4 EIA on Acoustic Environment .......................................... ...... 169 9.5 EIA on Environmental Air Quality .170 9.6 EIA on Surface Water Environment .170 9.7 Environmental Impact of Interchanges and Link Roads .171 REFERENCES. 173 APPENDIX MAP 1. Sketch Map of the Distribution of Agriculture Area 2. Sketch Map of the Alignment & Environmental Monitoring Spots for Zhangzhou- Zhaoan Expressway 3. Sketch Map of the Layout of the Piling Sites of Construction Materials 4. Sketch Map of the Sensitive Spots along Zhangzhou-Zhaoan Expressway & Monitoring Spots of the Environmental Action Plan IV  m1-l gt /4 it/9 R/ 4f i Figure 1-1 Location Map of Fujian Provincial Highway Project II Zhangzhou-Zhaoan Expressway & the Other Road Projects ' It / X \ i w f -A -. ~~~~~~ ._ 4~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ua71lgdon~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~d irdun Ar5n0* - ..)Ylhd-hebG I