Philippines - LGU Finance Development Project : environmental impact assessment

I- AIL .R FIN E 1003 ! 1 - | ~~~~~~~~~EPORT ON ENVIRONMENTAL BIPACT ASSESSMENT PROPOSED ENGINEERED SANITARY LANDFILL - SOLE WASTE ECOLGICAL E NCENT PROJEC (SSWEEP)* i - . , s ~~SAN FERNANDO, LA UNION, REPUBLIC OF THEr PIHIPP[NES 1- a- ~I -/ fL'~~~~ !'- ' I L,.d~~~~~~~~~~~I Prepared for. The City Of San Fernando, La Union +] . . The Government OfT'he Philippines ( DENR) The Vorld Bank Gr-wber, 1999 IL MFILE,::;Ir - ' .~~ 7 _.......'~-~~~ ;Z FILE COPY *-I  I ~~DRAFTFINAL I ~~~~~REPORT ON ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENTil PROPOSED SANITARY LANDFILL ANDEVELOPMENT, _. ~~~~~~SNERAD, LA UNIO REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPOIES SOL ID WASTE ECOLOGICAL ENHANCEMENT PRIJECT (SWEEP) P1KOP0NENT: CITY GOVERNMENT OF SAN FERNANjO CONTACT PERSON: HONOURABLE MARY JANE ORTEGA 1 ~~~~~CITY MAYOR OCTOBER 1999 PREPARED BY: GOLDER ASSOCIATES LTD. 1796 COURTWOOD CRESCENT OTT WA, ONTARIO E~~~ !- op - ID I 44. ! if,IK2C2B5 6 i ' .DISTRIBLTION:' I 't2CpiitS -,.....DepartliTent ofEBnvironment and Natural Resourcesj , j ^!i 2 cop es - Cityof San Femnando, LiUnion, ! 3 copies- The World Banlck -; l~~ copV CIDAlInc.- , 1 ; l c opy i - Golder Associates, Philippines, 4 03 copje,.- GolderAssociatesiLtd.,Canada- j . . I , -II  rOlder Associates Ud. - Cur:r, Ciacor_ .l;ld r .ZCOv. OnI3a. C^enao-K2C 285 A O , (613) 224.5864 47 Assc es (161 3) 224-9928 ctober 26, 1999 981-2730B ( - I. . . ECityofSanFemanado an Ferntndo, La Union e Philippines ,ttention: Hon. Mayor Mary Jane Ortega AE- SUBMISSI6N FOR EIARC SUBSTANTIVE EVALUATION A1ID WORLD BANK REVIEW DRAFT FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT I ( - PROPOSED ENGrNEEkED SANITARY LANIFILL DEVELOPMENT _ ' I SAN FERNANDO, LA UNION, THE PHILIPPINES SOLID WASTE ECOLOGICAL ENHANCEMENT PROJECT (SWEEP) Dear Mayor Ortega: r A$ the Preparers of the Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed sanitary landfill on behalf ofthe Proponent, thei City of San Fernando, Golder Associates is pleased to submit this Draft Final I-;Ps5 El report, which has been prepared under Component 3 of SWEEP. As requested by DENR and the ,World Bank, we are forwarding the number of copies required for review. IL- Thi EIA report is presented in two volumes. Thislvolume contains the actual EIA report, while the' , acornpanying document provides the technical analysis and supporting documentation in the formn of Apperndices. As;iagreed withltheDEN-EMB, the preparation of the EIA for SWEEP does not require c r it f the preparers. Golder Associates has prepared this document together with a number r of etained Filipino subconsultants, and affix our signatures below as to our accountability for -. L preparation of this docunent for the purpose of formal review under the EIS process of the DENR and g sub suent stages of approvals. GoLDER ASSOCIATES LTD. S. S4 ianMuganantha, QEP, P.Eng.' U Ass*iate and Senior Environmental Engineer San tenando Study Leader P.A. Smolkin, P.Eng.; Principal and Senior Wqste Management Engineer TeanA Leader A SSM:PAS:dc * I Rpt' C Dc S || . | ~~~OFFICES IN AUSTI?ALIA, CANIADA, GER~MANY. HLINGARY, ITALY, SWVEDEN. UNITED KINGDOM. UNITED STATES r ' ~ . .  *ACCOUNTAJBIL1T`XSTATEMENT OF THE PROJECT PROPONENT This is to certify that all the information in the enclosed Initial Environmental Examination (IEE), or Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) are true, accurate, and complete. -Should we learn of , } , any iii,formation which would make the enclosed IEE/EIS inaccurate, we spall bring said information (~. . ;to thed attention of the Environmental Management Bureau (EMB) or the Environmental Management & PrXtected Areas Sector (EMPAS) of the appropriate DENR Regional Office. We hereby bind ounrselvesjai,itl and solidarily with the preparers for any penalties that may be imposed arising from any misrepresentations or failure to state material information in the enclosed * ~~~~~~IEE/E-IS. In witness. whereof, we hereby set our hands this day of -4 ~~~~~~~~~at__ _ L. q { | ; Project Proponent L I I Title/Designation r q _ __- ! SUBSCRIBED AND SW,ORN to before me this day of , affiant exhibitipig o me his/her Tax Identification Number (TIN) and Community Tax Certificate No. issued dn. at__ _ __ _ L- l. t Notary Public 31. Doc. N Page Ndr Book N4. _ Series of 199 * I - t I tJll ,.. .  r * i 't Ofttciber 1999 -i- 981-2730B- XS . |; i I SWYEEP, San Fernando La Union'Sanhtary Landflll EIA I | iEXECUTIVEI SUMMARY L It .[ -- ' E 1 INTRODUCTION -1 'E.1 TheSWEEP6emonstrationSub-Project In qrder to address the severely deficient solid waste management (SWM) situation in the country, the GoVertiment of the P.hilippines (GOP) has sought assistance from the World Bank (the Bank) for t#e imO!ementation of a comprehensive SWM.' project, referred to as the Solid Waste Ecological , tEnlyncemeni Project'(SWEEP): SWEEP takes a nation-wide approach that will raise the awareness of key decision makers about the conditions and the needs for immediate actions, and improve - I teclinical and administrative'capacities of the Government SWEEP is;lthe first major nation-wide ff endfvour to improve this sector which has direct impact on environment and quality of life in urban *S I area1;. The IS WEEP. comprises four components, of which Component 3 iicludes the provision of engineered sanikaryj landfills to a selected number of Local Government Units (LGUs) as Demonstration Sub- Procjcts. In 'order to aaisfy' ihe requirements of the World Bank and be eligible to apply for the *- ; fundng. to'implement the Demonstration Projects, the GOP/LGU's were required to prepare an r investment report (IR) for each facility. The najor components of the IR are the Environmental Impact Assessment (LIA), Feasibility Study -' ' (FS)| a; plan for Closure and Rehabilitation of Existing Dumpsites and a Terms of Reference for impcmentation. These are hereafter collectively referred to as 'EIA/FS' in this document. The W..'-, * Depan'neni orEnvirownent and Natural Resources (DENR) is assisting the LGU's in the study process in a ficilih3tion role. ; - -. | '- -. Golddr Associates was retained by the GOP and the Bank in April, 1998i to cany oujt the ETA/FS in :accordance %vith the above noted ToR for the City of San Femando, one of the LGUs participating in the Dem stration Sub-Projects. The funding for the EIA/FS was provided by the Canadian International Develppnent Agency IndUstrial Cooperation Program (CIDA-INC). E.1.2 K iCey Objectives of the ProposedProject The overall objective of the proposed project (i.e. the construction/operation of an engineered sanita4' landfill) is the development of an Integrated waste management facility for the service of the populadon of San Fernando, La-Union which provides for the preferred, environmentally responsible, socially acceptabld, cost eWfective and affordable alternative(s) for a 1o to 20 yeal planning period and q qualifies for implementation fundingfrom the World Bank. The ke objcthes of the proposed project are: i to determine the waste disposal requirements of the study area for the selected planning period; * to qary out a defensible and rational landfill siting process; * to rrepare a preliminary design for the facility, assess potential impacts qn the natural and socio- economic environment and develop necessary mitigation measures; - to jre!are a restoration plan, including preliminary design and estimates of associated costs, for clo'ing andi rehanititatiag existing dump sites within the participating LGU's; bI SJ IGolder Associates 4, ''  Crctober 1999 A- - 981-2730B SWEEP, San Fernando La Union Sanitary Landfill EL4 r toprepare cost estimate for capital works antd facility operations and maintenance to serve as a basis for applying for Bank funding; * to document the study methodology, findings and recommendations; * to undertake a public consultation process and incorporate public input into the decision making l -wl = , process and the oYerall study; and prepare an Investment Report incorporating the results of the EIA/FS. E+.3 Project Proponent and Project Preparer Thl proponent of the proposed engineered sanitary landfill prbject is the City of San Fernando, La 5Uion and the project preparer is a team of professionals lead by Golder Associates of Canada. Ei PROJECT APPROVAL REQUIREMENTS AND PROCEDURES El.l Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) The EJA for the proposed San Fernando landfill, including the EIA Scoping, was prepared in acc,rdance with the requireiments of the DENR EIA Procedural Manual and thosd presented in the Wo'ld Bank guidelines for conducting EIAs. In addition, the EIA addresses the pertinent .1r] . requirements of CIDA-INC (i.e. the Canadian Environniental Assessment requirements). E.2.2 . Scope of,the EIA The scope of the EIA is based on the ToR and the respective guidelines of the Bank and the GOP. In sum nary, it comprised the,following; i (a) Task 1- Project Description (b) Task 2 - Project Alternatives (c) Task 3 - Existing Environment and Baseline Conditions Data Coilection [physical, biological . (d) li'and human (socio-economic) environment] (d) Task 4 - Deternpination of the Potential Impacts t (e) !,Task 5 - Analysis and Evaluation of Risks : (f) jTask 6 - Formulation of Environmental Management Plan (g) Task '7 - Resettlement/Rehabilitation Action Plan ,tV S The riesults of the above tasks are to be presented in a report. E.24 ;Key Issues Relpted to Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework L 2 A numnber'of key issues have arisen from a review of the existing legal and administrative framework pertaining to solid waste management in the Philippines. In brief, with respect to the disposal of MSWZ the principal issues are: tliere is no single entity at present responsible for implementing and/or enforcing existing Ilgislation relating to the management of solid wastes; s ; t. 1 * although directives are now in place (DAO 9849 and DAO 98-50), there are no specific guiding - 0 - documents available for the overall construction, operation and management of solid waste , ~ disp;c:d facilities oi the perforimance standards to which the disposal facilities should be c nstructed and managed; Golder Associates r -J [ ~~ '. ' '; ?2-7..>. !~~~~~~~~~~~~~ gX E{fi~~~~~~~~~~~~. ..  r Eqetober 1999 Hi - 981-2730B 'C SWEEP, San Fernando La Union Sanitary Landfill EI *V !while there are specibib provisions regarding the discharge of treated effluent or planned iemissions of certain pollutants to air, there are no provisions which regulate the standards to which solid waste disposal sites should be designed and operated; q,_,; * | there are no specific provisiors to regulate the quality of emissions to ground or to air, whether 2planned or otherwise, that are typically generated by the disposal and decomposition of MSW; and : following receipt of an Environment Clearance Certificate (ECC), there is no formal regulatory iprocedure (monitoring, enforcement) to ensure thit the detailed design, construction and on-going operation of a solid waste disposal facility confor's with the performance standards envisaged at 'the time of project preparation. I 'ne of the purposes of SWEEP is to address the above issues through the development of appropriate L ntechanisms to improve the present Solid Waste Management practices and regulations in the ,.Ptilipputes. 1SocialAcccptal?llity The social acceptability of this project is high in the population of the LGU as a whole, and relatively hiloh in the local affected population. The LGU has undertaken a considerable process of social IL. t ' peparation, and public consultations have been held with various stakeholder groups throughout the l cc,minunity. A national NGO, the Philippine Rural Reconstruction Movement (PRRM), was hired by the {DENR to design and implement a thorough stakeholder consultation process to ensure the ,q . plnicipalion of!all social groups in the consultations on this project. In addition, the Mayor of San F{nando La UInion, 'ith the assistance of the DENR Regional Office, has been actively engaged in raising local awareness'about garbage, health and sanitation issues, and is developing plans for .. A- P omoting source recycling and micro-enterprise opportunities from garbage and recycling. P 'F[ier support of this positive view of the social acceptance of this project is provided in this report, j (_ 2 1 b, the documentation of various activities and agreements: q l. . . ;;, Scoping Peport signed by the key parties; - '* Public consultation process and fndings in the PRRM report; e LGU support as evidenced by the council resolution endorsing the project; * Support letter from local NOOs/POs; e * Rsults of the irn-depth:housihold surveys of directly affected local residents, as presented in the Resettlement Action Plan; rl - * ! . Results ofthe perception survey of households in the general vicinity of the project site; and * Letter of inttent from affected landowners to sell the required land to the city. In the perceptioA survey there was support from a majority of local residents, both those directly and irdirertly affected by the proposed project, as shown in the table below: r Q 1~~~~r aGolder Associates I-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~  October 1999 -iv- 981-2730B 2x1er 1999 SWEEP, San Fernando La Union Sanitary LandfAIEL4 . iSecondary Impact Zone Respondent's Approval of the Project K..; YFcondiry |mp ct n=115 Respondents . Apjr,oves project implemeptation 85 73.9 Disa pproges project implementation 17 14.8 Uns am 13 11.3 Cir; i'Total 115 i 100.0 j '-- ii t Hous4o1ds within the ,econdary impact zone generally approve the implementation of the project (73.9yo) while only 14.8% disapprove of its implementation because of perceived negative impacts. Inlyl 1.3% have not decided yet. When asked fli, r'-; a; .-li agree to implem,ent the project upon abatelnent of adverse effects, 85.2% of the respondents said yes. Duritg the in depth interviews and the Focus Group Discussions, land owners and occupants indicated that they believe that the project will be good for the city and that they agree to its iA ; ' imple mentation provided that their losses will be properly compensated. Waste pickers also agree to s... zrthe e::pansion of the landfill provided that they will still be allowed to pick waste. They say that the expar sion would mean that there would be more garbage'to pick and therefore an increase in income ';~~ ~ ' '" -so;3 :o respond to familly needs.; ' : 1 Tln ;.i_:acceptability is high for the project, and is further advanced by the provision of specific measures to address the concerns of .i.Jtl.l c.ffected populations. These include: ' ' ] * o PnFegiew, :,v, ~of a Rehabilitation Action Plan (RAP) for those directly affected by the project iIplenientation and land acquisition; l; 1 * ' 4ct r!1-, of an environmental management program and an environmental monitoring plan to '- :-w lrecss pe iconcerns of residents; - *, g * I ro3ectplanning to minimize disruption td the livelihood activities associated with the current r nfill, and development of a training program profile for affected families. i E.2.' :OtherProjectApprovl1.r....;;- . .,.lie.irig the issue of an Enviroriinental Clearance Certificate (ECC) br the DENR, the detailed desi! of the proposed development woujld require a *ii.]i.gd- d.-ipAil-e permit from the LGU (incl ding consultation with the Local Air Transport Office, as necessary). In addition, all industries, or facilities which have need to Le I e effluent or wastewater or emit ; .ri1, nI s ; air must, obtain a Permit to Operate (P/O) from the U.-I ER upon completion of each such '5' ''- tAl-a - rnnl h. -I E _ : ,,~~~~~~9 L .'..:.- j,  October 1999 - v.- 981-2730B I SWEEP, San Fernando La Union Sanitary Landfill EL4 _- -, , The CRity of San Femando currently collects about 40 tonnes/day of residential and commercial waste from the urban barangays and operates a disposal site on an approximately 4 hectare parcel of land that c Inmenced operations in 1997. In 1999 it has implemented operational practices that are moving the site :from an open dumpsite towards a Controlled Landfill as described in DAO 98-49. There is I t organ,zed recovery of recyclables from the disposal site by waste pickers.' Tech4ical studies undertaken as part of this EIA demonstrate that tl1e existing disposal site is creating unacc,eptable impacts on groundwater quality and surface water runoff. Y J n Even pith enhancements to the waste diversion programs, in terms of both recovery of recyclables clnd'c4ntralized composting of organics from the market, as well as public education initiatives, it is -. tevidet, that there will still .be a significant quantity of residual solid waste requiring disposal in the future l The current disposal! site does not have adequate land area for a reasonable planning period l-4 *(mhri0.numn 10 years), and as noted above engineered controls would be required at the disposal site to impro4e erivironmental p6rforn,ance during operationsland after closure. _Disposal by means of landfilling is the only viable approach for the City to consider. The DAO 98-49 legislation requires disposal facilities in San Femando to be upgraded to a Controlled Dump by 2003 (e,semnia)lN already achieVed by the City) and to an engineered Sanitary Landfill by 2008. With the implerientation of the preferred waste management. system being proposea under SWEEP as UJ presented in this EtA report, the City can be expected to meet these requirements wvell in advance of the stipulated time frame. A site election process was undertaken to identify the preferred location for a sanitary landfill for the U) -<iplannisig period. The preferred site includes the combination of the existing disposal site in Barangay l5# Mameltac and an adjoining parcel of land in Barangay Dalangayan Oeste.. This represents the Study * ' Area fqr the EIA. As par of the site selectibn process,lan extensive background (secondary) information review was l t carried out to 'assist the City of San Fernando to identify Candidate Areas and subsequently potential Candidate Sites. The results of this process was reported to the DENR as part of the docutnentation of the site selection process, including: a summary of the background information; projected rates of |11'nk'icl!,'31 solid waste generation; an estimate of required landfill site area; potential areas recomn iended for further consideration;. potential sites within the preferred area; and tr ! recornn eendations regarding the techtnically preferred site for the landfill in accordance with the |ri L cree,nig criteria. iThe majority of the background information was proyided by the DENR and the City. In addition, information obtained from the various government,agencies in the 5 Phi iipfip-l,I and the observations made during the site visits were used, where appropriate. * The tectinical recommendations from this site selection process were originally provided to the DENR and :he C-i in.draft for their consideration, in order that ilvvy or.t.d confirmfidentify,potential sites within t4ierecorimended areas. Subsequently, the potential sites proposed by the City were assessed L I and a rlcommendation regarding the ranking of those sites was provided'! so that the City could proceed to select the preferred site and complete the necessary contractual documentation with the r| landowdier(s) for subsequent purchase of the property, if required. I ' Golder Associates I I ' . I ; ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ .. 'i' ', - L ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-4 I' 'I ,- ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ , ir '1  Oct be r1999, -vi- 981-2730B SWEEP, San Fernando La Union San kary LandfIlEL4t _ I; Sgi ,Xte 'City ~~made a preliminarv decision on their preferred site based on the draft technical rec mendations and the results of the initial public consultations and secured pirchase agreements witthe owners of the propefties located withun the preferred site. Subsequently, the City presented to S . f:the lite selection process to the public for comments In October, 1998 and February, 1999. A final uk ;a , deci ion regarding.the feasibility of the preferred site was made based oh the outcome of this public T , condultittion. In view of the' favourable' public/stakeholder response to the site-selection process, the Pity proceeded with tl4e'purchase of the properties that comprise the preferred site and commenced .- 9 ' < the l,chnical and ftnancial feasibility study and environmental impact assessnent in February, 1999. 'E. i.PROPOSEDPROJECT A slmmaiy of the proposed engineered sanitary landfill consltuc,tion, operations and closure lis F., - 'pro ided below: elements of modern sanitary landfills as set out in DAO 98-49 have been evaluated in the r " Pontext of their applicability to the specific setting and circumstances of the San Fernando site, Ld a site-specific facility design proposed that, when properly operated, will achieve an ' eeptable level of environmental performance; :. lte San Fernando project site comprises a total land area of 5.8 hectares, consisting of the 3.5 r res- ffi . ctare existing disposal,site (the North Parcel) and the adjoining 2.3 hectares to the south (South arcel). This, will .accommodate the' disposal cells, leachate treatment and stormnwater l anagement facilities and ecological waste management area; .:. 'he site will be developed progressively in three Phases of engineered landfill cells, the |le'velopment of wb,ich will r, y -i the rehabilitation of the existing dumnpsite by relocating the nxisting mlxedwaste and soil onto a designated area of the site. The active life of the landfill is Iu itianle.l to be about lb years, d sr.|i. on'the actual waste generation rate and the percentage r,. fwaste dlversion that can be acl;i:; e 1; :h* rite is lnrc'ed en slr.pir. topography and is underlain by about 4.5 to 6.5 metres of weathered F;ay s'.it travnuiionir.g Into shale bedrock. The subsurface conditions are considered favourable f3orluAdfl1 developmtent; f. 'he s;ite design must ensure the stability of the foundations of Napo9or tower #21 on the South .' L M , parcel- for final design purposes it will be necessary to confirm the tower foundation details and l :~~ ': .: ; , cr.nflrm the r;. n.ired iebq ; T* Tlie prooe d facilir',' design-..itilizes a compacted clay liner and granular le,chate .ie-,ion itern to control potetitial *, i ;. rr. Cr.e ., is on groundwater and surface water:A A clay soil final ccker '-iili vegetation' is i 1 .sed f; r the waste disposal cells. On-site leachate treatment and ;;i e l.-u i'till gasventipg are proposedto contr,ol environmental impactsfrom the a,po. ceils; 1-t * . mprovements to the site management and operational procedures are proposed in order that the .' '. 'A,nite nsi,n and its performance is monitored efficiently and effectively.in accordance with * . > . < unri-1r !-rdfill practices; iQiine e wi! hi- a re uirement for the City to operate and/or maintain the leachate collection and ' , t- ^ * i' ~~,; Ii, aer., 'Cr-l'S,th.os5tormwater management facilities and the final vegetated cover surface for at 'east several tens of years after the site stops receiving waste; and '* .heestinated capital cost of the project, including the works ano, implementation of the RAP, is I|,.-Ijs 2-7:SUS,,02 (P108,721,000). The annual operating costs ar e t e $ at SS '145,000 t.P5 -3%il(V)). It is estimnated that the annual post-closure costs could be in the range of 5 P2,Iir)(i to 4,000,000 (US$50,000 to 100,000), and could be required until the landfill leachate -nd gas generation is stabilized (for a period of several tens of years)., l *' I 'S ' .A:. CA. ' ' ' i' ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 *' 1.. . I .. -..- ~, - " . I .,., I , :~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- !~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ r 'l.ll  c , S ber 1999 -vii- 981-2730B V , _ - . t SWEEP, San Fernando Lta tnio* Sanitary Landfill EIA , E S THE ENVIRONMENT OF THE PROJECT SITE L> . . -. # lie lescription of the existing environment is based on the results of a comprehensive baseline data clebon program. The data colliection covered the proposed site and its imniediate vicinity. Where c ap ropriate, some ofP the baseline data was collected beyond this locale. In particular,. the data co ection focused onthe physical, biological and human (social) environmental characteristics as they ' in ience or are influenced by the proposed landfill development. A summary description of the vJ ex st-nlingsiteenviromnent is 'presented below. l . * ! Th c4aracteristics of the area in the vicinity of the Project Site are illustrated on Figure E. I, following 15 _ - | the executive summary text. , . . i I. . - i E.5 I Topography Th existing dump site slopes towards the northeast at an approximate grade of 5%. The adjacent r .';: pro lerty slopes towards the south at an approximate grade of 8%. The highe,t point is at the I x: l0sou hwest corner of the existing dump site, which is the same as the northwest corner of the adjacent Epro, LA. . E.5. Operatiois * . ~ Theu presently iein' used to dispose garbage by the City. The predomnianit site operations - comnrise e,arth moving, garbage placement and daily (temporary) cover placement. In addition, about 5 teplkers collect recyclable materials from the freshly disposed garbage; the collected material on site and subsequently sold to outside recycling businesses. _~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .y San City,is cllaracterized by a Type I climate of the Modified Coronas system of climate class cation, with two pronounced seasons, being generally 'dry' from December to May and 'wet' *from une to November.. The strongly seasonal nature of the climate is dictated by the NE and SW L , mon's 6ns. The mean annual rainfall recorded in the San Fernando City area is 2,430 mm and the mont Iyievaporatio'n rate ranges from 140 mm to 217 mm (annual average rate is 1,906 mm). The nrzje ! .;reA is affected by the north wind from October to May, the south wind flow from June to r Sen:ber, and the trade winds in 1etween monsoons. The annual prevaoing wind direction in the 3 ; S area i nri t Other E jnrmi'- systems or hazards 21--cd1. the temporal and spatial distribution of rainfai ih these areas and in the country as a whole include thunderstorms, cold front, intertropical ; _ convegence :.zone (ITCZ), easterlyi wave, tornado (BuhaWi), and the northeast (Amihan) and U m southdes (Habagat) monsoorqs. IThe i~eti1oA setting of the San Fernando area is dominated by the presence of upland bedrock- - ldomin,ted terrsn, with alluvial sediments in the lowlands along the coast and in major river valleys. ; The rezis of a subsurface investigation indicate that the natural subsurface profile cn the,study site | > 4 appear td be fairly uniform, and consists essentially of a weathered bedrock sequence, with the upper portion beng completely weathered to soil and the degree of weathering decreasing with depth until intact t :k bedrock is encountered. On the existing dumpsite there has been waste placed over much r i of the p+operty, by dl winpi M spreading it and/or in excavated holes and trenches. -J C l Golder Assoc:lates L I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ [ ~~,  Lx' Ociober1999 - viii - 981-2730B SIIt'EEP,FSan Fernando La Union Sanitary Landf7UIlL4i i " I,5 jl' ~Soil | ''' i. t 0 ,There ;re seVen (7) types of soil found in the area. These are Bauang Clay, the Barcelona Clay, the ;,Bolnao Clay, the.SnManuel Silt Loam, Annam Clay Loam, Hydrosol and San Manuel Sand. The E dep?sits likely compripenweatlhered bedrock materials. The soil type at the site is considered to6e Burig Clay. -I 5. Land Use The land use within thel study area is'predominantly agricultural. The areas along the roads are pred rninantly resider*tia,l. rirface.'%Vat(rDrainage Surf ce' water drainage in the study area is influenced by the terraces of the farm lands in the area. Ther, are no distinct draiiage'courses located within the area, even though temporary channels appear to foa ' during major storm events. Any significant runoff from the Study Area (e.g. during major i stornsreek flows voefland through the terraces and temporary and/or intermittent ditches/swales towa e' I to,the south and Creek 2-to the north, and eyentually drains ihto San Femando Bay via C latan Lagoon. Surface water drainage at the existing site flows mainly as overland (sheet) flow. ; r - Dunnl g significant rainfall (storm) events intermittent streams develop at the site in some of the gullies 1 11l ' and a ong the existing pathways and roads. The North Parcel drains predominantly in a northeast directon to-the lower northeast comer of the property where it flows offsite as overland flow onto the adjaa nt,agricultural fields. The South Parcel drains mainly southWard and continues to flows offsite as overland flow onto the adjacent agricultural fields. __ * E.5.8 Surface Water Quaiity As the are no pnier .ial L ITdce water courses present within the study area, it was not possible to * . * assess th'e sirface water quality within-the study area during the baseline data collection program. t i ~~Howe er as noted above, thq -drainage from the study area eVeIrttially enters Carlatan Lagoon; v therefare, water quality in this lagoon was analyzed as' part of the baseline data collection to provide * ^ ' an indi.ation of receiving water quality conditions. E.5.9 9roundwater Usie In the mmediate vicinity' of the site, water for 'both domestic (potable) purposes and irrigation is obtainoe from dug or dule. wells that are typically completed at depths of about 10 to 20 metres below4 round;surface: A number of these wells are located within both the agricultural and housing ; 7 t w areas th et surround the existing and proposed landfill-site properties., E.5.10 Groundwater Flow L-; There nray be a groundwater divide present that is somewhat to-the north of the,topographic divide that'exitss,approximately along the boundary between the North and South Parcels. Existing water ' ' supply 4 dells located to the north, south and east of the existing and proposed landfill site Parcels are' Ii considedto be potentially downgradient from the landfill cells in terms of groundwater flow. Wells L to the w st'of the South Parcel are not indicated to be directly downgradient, but rather cross-gradient I_ in terrns bfgroundwater flow. Golder Assoclates 1'l ~~~~~ '4 - I r. . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ _ .. . ..... . ..'L  2 X 0- 'Oliober 1999 - ix- 981-2730B i J I . - iSWEEP, S&n Fernando La Union Sanitary Landfill EJ4 i ffi ^ 5.11 'Groundwater Quafity i v * g' T e groundwater monitoring results demonstrate that the groundwater has already been altered by w ste disposal beneath the disposal area and also for a distance of greater than 20 metres off-site onto l x , -- I . th agricultural lands to the north. These results demonstrate the need for the implementation of an en ,ieered bottom lirer and leachate collection system to prevent ongoing pontamination of the off- sit groundwater, There is no potential for the current or proposed landfill activities to affect the main .we ler supplies of the urban area of San Fernando. -E.n. ! Ecology Th s tudy area includes the inmediate vicinity of the existing dumpsite and the South Parcel land, '7 - I Thr X will be no impact to aquatic resources, as there are no waterbodies within the study area. The ' * ' ' . . ' maR ority of the vegetation present within the project area is introduced and are non-endemic species of littl eiatural heritage value. Altogether, 77 species of plants were identified in the existing landfill site, the expansion area afna the surrounding vicinity. However, only 8 species were common to all these .t e sites. No threatenedl endangered or rare species of plants or animals were identified within the pro ect site and in the surrounding vicinity. r- :. sE.513 Noise AltflIough during sampling-times there were activities at the existing dump site, still the observed noise lev,1Is throughout the sampling day were very much lower than the DENR standard. L.y 5 14 Air The survey of air quality was carried out for the concentrations of the following parameters: Methane iGas (CE4),Total Suspended Pw,o.iIX: aa(TSP), and Sulphur DioXide (SO2). The results indicated that th easured concentrations were either below the respective detection level or the applicable DENR * stan dard. i . 'E~~~~~~.5JI 5 Traflie I,, ~~~ ' Catego-rize counts of vehicular and. pedestrian traffic movements were rconducted manually at twvo t:locatiohs'along Dalangayan Oeste Road leading to the project site. Traffic was light; the only traffic entehng the dumpsite comprises pedestrians, dumnp trucks and private vehicles, the latter two cateomies arc responsible for the delivery ofMSW to the site. _ E.5l Socio-economlr For te hpurpose of identfing impacts, the study area has been classified into a Primary Impact Zone, r. , a Se,.ondary lu,t Zone, an .jialln;l Secondary Impact Zone, and General Area (City of San il'Fermdo, La Union), based on the likely degree of socio-economic impact of the project proposals. The, lata collection included a baseline survey, RAP survey and a Socio-economic and Periceptiorl Survty of Waste Pickers, Land Owners/Occupants Households' and Other Households within the Impaat Zone and Focused Group Discussions and public consultations. A i1umber of key observations have 'been noted as a consequence of the collection k.lie data of the environrnent surrounding the project site. In brief, the pricipal observations are considered as follows: i) Residential settletnents occur in the periphery ofthe existing dumpsite and within the site proposed for expansion; t and i,) .'.^sid'ntiLi structures are located in all 4 ofthe barangays surrounding the site, and e Ipr; nl,oa' tdi-, primary haulage route. These cornmunities are considered likely to be affected, directly and indirectly, by 7.le project proposals. Most of the population in the area could be considered to fall 'r Golder Associat6s .1 I:.-. .  Otlober 1999 -x- 98l-273AB StUiEP, Sat Ferfando La lC;I.o, Sanitar., Luiidfill IA utnder the low-income group'and some households rely in whole or in part on waste picking activities !j -anti in lilling the land. E. POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS Po ential positive/negative impacts were generally evaluated as to their potential significance in a qu ,1tatlve,manner,bosed on quantitative analyses where possible, using the following descriptors: Hi h, Moderate,41,Mirimal and None. The analysis also considered the shoot-term/long-teirn and re ersiblef irreversibld nature of the impacts. r m '. 1 ; Im iicts of potential significance are identified as key issues to be addressed through monitoring and micigation measures. The following environmental aspects/factors were considered: l r - .J J I ' v q rPhysical Environment: Air quality, groundwater quality, surface water drainage and quality, L ;v tJ j | ~~~triaffic gpnditions and noise. " l * Biatogica! Environment: Biological environment is a potential issue only in the South Parcel that fqrms about forty percent of the proposed site, as the landfill (i.e. open dump) already exists on -he rem inctrr. Of this forty percent, about half has been cleared and is used for housing and farming purposes. l , * Hwrman (Socio-economic) Environment It i important to note that the proposed engineered landfill incorporates most of the proposed mit gation measures in its design and ,-pe.eiiuo.; in order to minimize most, if not all,.of the potential !enviromnental impacts. , ie impact analysis indicates that the provision of these measures is positive ear.d v ill reduce the sig6ificance of those environmental impacts from the present high levels (due to . the l resence of the,dumpsite) to minimal/insignificant levels. In riying out this impact assessment, the potential impacts have been identified by comparing the r currSn! baseline conditions (the existing dumpsite in operation on the North Parcel and iund veloped/developed land on the South Parcel) to the Conceptual engineered landfill design and 1 , iperni'zns. Potential impacts were generally evaluated as to their potential significance in a qual tative lann&; based on quantit,tive analyses where possible. A su rnary of the potential significance of the potential negative and positive impacts associated with the roposed engineere sanitary la!ndfill project, together with an indication of the impact duration (sho br lng-term) and iti reversibility, is presented below: . L L ,> ! < ~~i . , 1 - ! * . ;- , -. I. ** ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~ zicrstle. -FIgnifle a'e 1' .prayed FlPnnifl' a.d Lo'i W:-,i Infirstrcture for City lmp4ct1 on livelihood for Positive Short-term - Moderate -wast picker as a result of I r ; chan ges in site .pe,alir-. Loss1 of L>nd and Negative Long-term lrreversible High _ _ _ Imprbvements i Go!der Asso:lates r Ij, ''L . U ~Q7  1-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~'8-70 j l ! S tjOctber 1