China - Second Beijing Environment Project : environmental assessment (Vol. 4 of 4) : Main report

E-327 VOL.4 EIA Report For Beijing Environment Phase il Project with Loan from World Bank Consignor: Beijing Municipal Environmental Project Office Compiler: Beijing Academy for Environmental Protection Science Grade of Certificate: A Serial Number of Certificate: Guo Huan Ping Zheng, Jia Zi No. 0921 Compiled in: November 1999   '.:~ -4^~'t~o-''_ T\. .- ;- - _-..- - - . -. x~~~~~~~~~~~~~e~~~~~~~~~~~~~- ~~~~~- .,' -t__ -4 ~ ~ ".- .-7'E ~~~~~ -' - ';' -; liE -r',   EIA Report For Beijing Environment Phase 11 Project with Loan from World Bank Consignor: Beijing Municipal Environmental Project Office Compiler: Beijing Academy for Environmental Protection Science Grade of Certificate: A Serial Number of Certificate: Guo Huan Ping Zheng, Jia Zi No. 0921 Compiled in: November 1999   EIA Report For Beijing Environment Phase 11 Project with Loan from World Bank Compiler: Beijing Academy for Environmental Protection Science President: Shen Lixian Engineer in Chief: Wang Shaotang Project Executives: Tang Zihua (Certificate No: ADB Senior Class) Li Lixin (Certificate No.: Beijing 0021) Project Team Members: Wang Yan (Certificate No.: Beijing 00883) Yan Yumei (Certificate No.: Beijing 0082) Wang Junling (Certificate No.: Beijing 0020) Liu Xiaoyu (Certificate No.. Beijing 06705) Guo Likun (Certificate No.: Beijing 06707) Mu Shan (Certificate No.: Beijing 00882) Teng Yunling (Certificate No.: Beijing 06706) Jiang Jiawen (Certificate No.: Beijing 00887) Qian Feng (Certificate No.: Beijing 06704) Technical Advisor: Zhao Tongyun   Main Contents 1.0verview ..................................... 1 1.1 Preface ......................................1 1.2 Basis of environmental impact assessment ......................................2 1.3 Assessment principles ......................................4 1.4 Assessment contents and importance ......................................4 1.5 Assessment scope ......................................5 1.6 Assessment standard .............................5 1.7 Assessment classes ...........................6 1.8 Target beneficiaries ..........................6 2. Project Profiles .............................8 2.1 Overview of the Phase II Project .............................8 2.2 Introduction to project engineering ............................; 8, 2.3 Footprint and residential move ............................ 28 3. Analysis of Pollutant Sources ............................ 30 3.1 Pollutant sources of Liangshuihe Sub-Project ............................ 30 3.2 Pollutant source of the Sewer Subproject of Qinghe WWTP ............................. 37 3.3 Pollutant sources of the gas reconstruction of coal-fired boilers ........................ 37 3.4 Pollutant discharge in the Phase II Project with Loans from WB ...................... 41 4. The Status Quo of Environment .................................................... 44 4.1 General status quo of environment .................................................... 44 4.2 The status quo of environmental quality .................................................... 49 5. Prediction and Assessment of Environmental Impact ...................................... 95 5.1 Prediction and evaluaton on impact to atmospheric environment ..................... 95 5.2 Predicton and assessment on effect to water environment ............................... 116 5.3 Analysis of the environmental effect of noise .................................................... 126 5.4 Analysis of the environmental effect of the solid waste ...................................... 126 5.5 Analysis of effect to ecological environment .................................................... 130 5.6 Estimation of environment impacts during the construction period .................... 138 6. Substitute Plan .................................................... 148 6.1 Substitute plan of Wujiacun WWTP .................................................... 148 6.2 Substitute plan of Lugouqiao WWTP .................................................... 152 6.3 Substitute plan of Xiaohongmen WWTP 156 6.4 Substitute plan of Qinghe Sewer Subproject .................................................. 159 6.5 Boiler Reconstruction Subproject .................................................. 162 7. Economic Benefit Analysis .................................................... 163 7.1 Expense analysis .................................................... 163  7.2 Benefit analysis ............................................................ 170 7.3 Comprehensive EIA: A case study ............................................................ 174 8. Implement Plan of Environmental Management of the Secondary Beijing Environmental Project of World Bank ............................................................. 186 8.1 Environmental policy ............................................................. 186 8.2 Environmental factor ............................................................. 187 8.3 Law, statute and other requirements ............................................................. 188 8.4 Scheme of environmental management ............................................................. 189 8.5 Organization and duty ............................................................. 204 8.6 Monitoring plan ............................................................. 208 8.7 Personal training ............................ 219 8.8 Information intercommunication ............................ 219 8.9 Recording ............................ 220 8.10 Target of sustaining improvements ............................ 220 9. The Workshop .......................... 222 9.1 Purpose of the workshop .............................. 222 9.2 Participants of the workshop .............................. 222 9.3 The time iriterval of the workshop ...... ........................ 222 9.4 The result of the workshop .............................. 222 10, Conclusion and Proposal .. ........................ 231 10.1 Conclusion ............................... 231 10.2 Proposals .............................. 233 II  1. Overview 1.1 Preface Beijing, capital of China, is the center of China's politics, science and technology, as well as culture and communication. Since reform and openness to the world, Beijing has experienced rapid development in all sectors, urbanization has increased on yearly basis, urban zone has expanded steadily, and urban population has grown dramatically. These have resulted in significant increases of industrial wastewater, domestic sewage, coal consumption and produced hard burden to urban infrastructure development and caused serious water pollution, especially along river segments in urban districts, such as Liangshuihe River and Qinghe River. Air pollution has become one of the main concems of the public. According to the air quality weekly reports of 52 weeks in 1998, there were only 8 weeks in which air quality was labeled as Macceptableu and confirmed compatible with quality criteria or requirements proposed by competent authorities. Environmental pollution has seriously damaged the image of China and restricted sustainable development in the capital. In order to protect local citizen's health and meet the requirements of economic development, reform and openness to the world, Beijing Municipal Government plans to make best use of the World Bank loan to accelerate urban wastewater control and gas reconstruction to improve environmental quality in the capital. In March 1992, the World Bank loaned USD 125 million to Beijing Municipal Govemment for implementing 5 urban infrastructure sub-projects and 10 industrial pollution control sub-projects, totally known as the Phase I Environmental Project Funded with Loan from the World Bank. This report focuses on the Beijing Environment Phase II Project with Loan from the World Bank (hereafter referred to as the Phase II Project). The Phase II Project is composed of the Comprehensive Urban Wastewater Treatment Sub-Project in Watershed of Liangshuihe River (including Wujiacun, Lugouqiao and Xiaohongmen Wastewater Treatment Plant and the Liangshuihe Sewer Engineering), Sewer Subproject of Qinghe Wastewater Treatment Plant, Gas reconstruction Engineering for Coal-fired Boilers, and the Air Quality Decision-Making Support System Research Sub-Project. The first two sub-projects will be jointly implemented by Beijing Municipal Drainage Corporation and Beijing Municipal Public Works Bureau; the third sub-project will be implemented by Beijing Municipal General Investment Corporation, the last sub-project is carried out by Beijing Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau. Beijing Environment Project Office is responsible for preparations of all the four sub-projects in the prophase stage. According to stipulations set in Regulation on Environmental Protection Administration for Construction Projects and the World Bank requirements for the loan projects, an environmental impact assessment report shall be compiled for the Project in addition to individual environmental  impact assessment conducted for each sub-project. Entrusted by the Project Office, Beijing Municipal Research Institute for Environmental Protection Sciences took on the environmental impact assessment for the whole Project. 1.2 Basis of Environmental Impact Assessment 1.2.1 Environmental protection laws and regulations relevant to EIA (1) State Council of the People's Republic of China, Order 253, Regulation on Environmental Protection Administration for Construction Projects; (2) State Environmental Protection Agency, State Planning Commission, The Ministry of Finance, and the People's Bank of China, Environmental 'Supervision [1993] No.324, Notice on Strengthening Environmental Impact Assessment Administration about Construction Projects with Loan from Intemational Financing Organizations; (3) Beijing Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau, Development and Supervision[1999] No. 051,Regulatfon on Beijing's Environmental Impact Assessment Administration by Category for Construction Projects (trial); (4) The People's Republic of China, Industrial Standard HJ/T 2.1-2.3-93 Technical Guideline to Environmental Impact Assessment, (5) Beijing Municipal Design and Research Institute for Urban Planning, Beijing Municipal Urban Master Plan (from 1991 to 2010), 1992; (6) Beijing Municipal Commission for Urban and Rural Construction and Beijing Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau, Construction (91) No.126, Notice on Printing and Issuing "Basic Standards for Environmental Protection in the Construction Sites of Construction Project in Beijing"; (7) Beijing Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau, Development and Supervision [1997] No.188, Notice on Strengthening Environmental Protection Administration for the Construction Project during the Construction Period; (8) Beijing Municipal Environment Project Office, The World Bank Project Office (99) No. 17, Notice on Transferring Issuance of the Preparation Mission's Memorandum on Phase 11 Environment Project Loaned by the World Bank. 2  1.2.2 Project documents (1) Beijing Municipal Public Works Bureau, Beijing Municipal Design and Research Institute for Urban Planning, Beijing Municipal Design and Research General Institute for Public Works, The Feasibility Study Report on Xiaohongmen Wastewater Treatment Plant and Sewer Subproject, April 1999. (2) Beijing Municipal Public Works Bureau, Beijing Municipal Research Institute for Environmental Sciences, Beijing Municipal Design and Research General Institute for Public Works Planning, The Feasibility Study Report on Lugouqiao Wastewater Treatment Plant and Sewer Subproject, April .1999. (3) Beijing Municipal Public Works Bureau, Beijing Municipal Design and Research Institute for Urban Planning, Beijing Municipal Design and Research General Institute for Public Works, The Feasibility Study Report on Wujiacun Wastewater Treatment Plant and Sewer Subproject, April 1999. (4) Beijing Municipal Public Works Bureau, Beijing Municipal Design and Research Institute for Urban Planning, Beijing Municipal Design and Research General Institute for Public Works, The Feasibility Study Report on Sewer Subproject in Watershed of Liangshuihe River, September 1997. (5) Beijing Municipal Design and Research General Institute for Public Works The Supplement Report for The Feasibility Study Report on Sewer Subproject in Watershed of Liangshuihe River, May 1999. (6) Beijing Municipal Public Works Bureau, Beijing Municipal Design and Research Institute for Urban Planning, Beijing Municipal Design and Research General Institute for Public Works, The Feasibility Study Report on Sewer Subproject of Qinghe Wastewater Treatment Plant, September 1997. (7) Beijing Municipal Consulting Corporation, the Pre-Feasibility Report on the World Bank Loan Project for Beijing's Gas Reconstruction for Coal- Fired Boilers, July 1999. (8) Objectives and Strategies of Environmental Pollution Control in Beijing (1998-2002) (revised edition), July 1999. (9) Natural Gas Utilization Plan of Beijing, April 1999. 3  (10) Survey on Coal-Fired Boilers in No Coal-Fired Zones in Beijing, December 1998. (11) Feasibility Study Report on Fuel Reconstruction Subproject for Coal-Fired Boilers under Beijing Environment Phase 11 Project with Loan from World Bank, Beijing Design Academy for Coal Gas and Heating Engineering, Jan, 2000. 1.3 Assessment Principle This assessment report is a general assessment report for the Phase II Environment Project for environmental impact assessment reports for all subprojects have been worked out. Therefore, this assessment is based on all assessment reports for the subprojects and carried out by directly citing the results and data in the subproject assessment reports. The environmental impact assessment activities will focus on the effects of the Phase II Project loaned by the World Bank on the total volume of pollutant discharges and/or emissions and the whole environmental quality in Beijing. 1.4 Assessment Contents and Importance Substantive investigation and analysis will be conducted by centering on pollution problems in surface water and ground water, air quality, noise, solid waste treatment and disposal, and ecology, etc. The main tasks are as follows: (1) Analyze and describe the impacts of Wujiacun, Lugouqiao and Xiaohongmen Wastewater Treatment Plant and assorting sewer engineering on environment during the construction period and the changes of water volume and water quality in Liangshuihe River Basin and the resulting ecological environment change during the operation period. (2) Analyze and describe the effects of the construction and operation of Sewer Subproject in Watershed of Liangshuihe River on ecological environment and water environment in Liangshuihe River Watershed. (3) Analyze and predict the impacts of gas reconstruction for coal-fired boilers on air quality in Beijing. (4) Describe the effects of the Phase II Environment Project on total volume of pollutant discharges and emissions and on the whole environmental quality in Beijing. (5) Define the social, environmental and economic benefits of the Phase II Environmental Project with Loan from the World Bank. 4  1.5 Assessment Scopes The general investigation covers 8 urban and suburban districts in Beijing. The EIA of water environment covers the watershed of Liangshuihe River and Qinghe River. The EIA of atmospherc environment covers 8 urban and suburban districts, but the EIA of atmospherc environment in all wastewater treatment plants covers the extensive areas within one kilometer away from the circumference of related plant. The EIA of noise environment durng the operation perod of the Project covers the circumference of both the plant and the boiler house. The EIA for noise environment during the construction period covers the circumference of the construction sites, the EIA for noise environment during the construction perod of the Sewer Subproject covers the extensive area within 100 meters in two sides of the construction sites along the wastewater pipeline. 1.6 Assessment Standards The standards employed in the assessment process for all sub-projects are listed in Table 1-1, the data in the standards can be found in the assessment reports of varous sub-projects. Table 1-1 the assessment standards Standard Liangshuihe Sub- Qinghe Sewer Sub- Gas reconstruction Project_ Project Sub-Project for Coal- .____ ____ ____ h___________fired Boilers Ambient Air Quality Class II Class II Class II Standard (GB3095- 1996) Surface Water Quality Class IV for the Class IV for Beihan Different standards Standard segments in the River, Wanquanhe for different water (GB3838-88) upstream of River, Xiaoyuehe bodies according to Dahongmen Strobe river and the the functions of and Liangshuihe upstream segments urban water body. River, Class V for of Qinghe River, the rest Class V for the rest. Ground Water Quality Class IlIl Class IlIl Class IlIl Standard (GB/T 14848-93) Urban regional Class I Class I Class l-IV Environmental Noise Limits (GB3096-93) Noise Limits within Class I Class I Class l-IV 5  Industrial Enterprise Boundary (GB 12348-90) . Water Pollutant Class II in the Class II for New Discharge Limits upstream of Construction Projects Discharged into Dahongmen Strobe, Surface Water in Liangshuihe River, Beijing Municipal and Class IlIl in the Water Pollutant rest for New Discharge Limits Construction (Trial) Proiects Air Pollutant Emission Stage II, Class II Stage II, Class II Limits for Boilers (GB1 1/109-1998) Odor Polluton Class II Emission Limits (GB1 4554-93) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ The People's Republic Laws and Laws and regulations Laws and regulations of China regulatons Environmental Protection Laws on Solid Waste Pollution . 1.7 Assessment Classes, The Comprehensive Urban Wastewater Control Engineering Sub-Project in Watershed of Liangshuihe River will have important effects on water quality and water volume in the whole Liangshuihe River basin and produce further effects on natural and social and ecological environment within the whole zone. So the assessment is regarded as regional environmental impact assessment. The category of environmental impact assessment is Class A according to the classification principles of environmental impact assessment for the World Bank loan project. The category of environmental impact assessment for the Sewer Subproject of Qinghe Wastewater Treatment Plant is fallen under Class B based on the World Bank project requirements. The Clean Fueling Reconstruction Sub-Project for Coal-fired Boilers is categorized into Class B according to the project requirements proposed by the World Bank. The category of Environmental Impact Assessment for Beijing Environment Project loaned by the World Bank is Class A according to comprehensive analysis of the three sub-projects mentioned above. 1.8 Target Beneficiaries Target beneficiaries of the Liangshuihe Sub-Project are the World Scene Garden, No. 4 Water Supply Plant, the Protection Zone for No. 7 Water 6  Supply Plant, and the Residential Areas surrounding the wastewater treatment plant. Target beneficiaries of the Sewer Sub-Project of Qinghe Wastewater Treatment Plant are the schools and residential zones near the planned pipeline. Target beneficiaries of the Gas reconstruction Sub-Project are the residents, historic sites of cultural relic, and ancient trees in 8 urban and suburban districts in Beijing. 7  2. Project Profile 2.1 Overview of the Phase II Project 2.1.1 Project components The Phase II Project comprises of four subprojects as detailed in Table 2-1. 2.1.2 Project Investments and construction plans Total investments of the Phase II Environment Project loaned by the World Bank are RMB 8 billion Yuan, of which US 350 million Dollars from the World Bank, accounted for 36% of total investments, and the rest will be raised by local govemment. The preparation stage: from 1998 to 1999. The construction and implementation stage: from 1999 to 2005. 2.2 Introduction to Project Engineering 2.2.1 Liangshuihe Sub-Project The components of the Liangshuihe Sub-Project are listed in Table 2-2. Table 2-2 Components of the Liangshuihe Sub-Project Designation Main Engineering Activities Sewer Sewer (4.84km) buried along Xinkai Canal Subproject in Sewer (2.5km) buried under Songjiazhuang Industrial Watershed of Zone Liangshuihe Sewer (2.45km) buried along the northem bank of River Fengcaohe river Sewer (11.05km) buried along the southem bank of Liangshuihe River The inspection wells for wastewater constructed as assorting facilities of the interceptors above-mentioned Wujiacun The Plant takes an area of 12 hectares, the floor space of Wastewater the accessory buildings is 3,583 square meters including oil- Treatment fired boiler house besides for wastewater and sludge Plant treatment structures Sewer as long as 6.65 kilometers Dredging Xinkai Canal Lugouqiao The Plant takes an area of 21.2 hectares, the floor space Wastewater of the accessory buildings is 6,289 square meters including Treatment oil-fired boiler house besides for wastewater and sludge Plant processing structures 8  Sewer as long as 9.29 kilometers Xiaohongmen The Plant takes an area of 48.68 hectares, the floor Wastewater space of the accessory buildings is 6,709 square meters Treatment including oil-fired boiler house besides for wastewater and Plant sludge processing structures _____________ Sewer as long as 7.8 kilometers 2.2.1.1 Sewer engineering in Watershed of Liangshuihe River (1) The current status of sewer system in watershed of Liangshuihe River Some wastewater pipelines have been installed in the upstream of Liangshuihe River, the backbone pipelines include the main wastewater pipelines in the westem suburb, sewer along the northem bank of Liangshuihe River, wastewater pipelines along Xibinghe Road and Dongbinghe Road. Besides, the established branch pipelines include Sewer along the northem bank of Fengcaohe River, Sewer along Chengguang Road, Sewer in southem suburb industrial zone. These wastewater pipelines are independent each with other,' wastewater is directly poured or pumped into nearby rivers from the pipelines. The distribution of the current wastewater pipelines in Liangshuihe watershed is showed in Figure 2-1. (2) Problems existed in current sewer system in watershed of Liangshuihe River. *The wastewater pipelines in southwestem and southem suburb are incomplete in topology, so a great volume of wastewater is discharged into rivers, making the rivers suffer serious pollution. The wastewater pipelines in major part of western suburb to the west of the Westem Second Ring Road and to the northem bank of Liangshuihe River are relatively complete. But overflows still can be seen in some wastewater pipelines. * Independent wastewater pipelines have not been installed in old downtown areas within the Westem Second Ring Road so that a great volume of rainwater is discharged into downstream sewerthrough the existing rainwater and wastewater pipeline. (3) The construction plan for the Sewer Subproject in the watershed of Liangshuihe River 9  Table 2-1 Checklist of Phase II Environmental Project with Loan from the World Bank Designation Engineering Activities Construction Location Investment Remark Scale (RMB 10,000 _______ _ Yuan) Sewer along Xinkai D1800-2000 From Yuquan Road to the Third Ring Western 53,657 in which Liangshuihe Canal mm, L4840m Ring along Northem bank of Xinkai Canal 146,331 from the Sub-Project Sewer along the D2600- . From the divide of the main Sewer in West World Bank, southern bank of 3000mm, pitch: Suburb to the planned Xiaohongmen 39,024 raised at Liangshuihe River 3400x3000mm, Wastewater Treatment Plant along the home Ll 1050m southem bank of Liangshuihe River Sewer in D2000mm, The wastewater collected from wastewater Songjiazhuang L2500m pipelines east to Tiantan Road and the Fuliang Industrial Zone backbone wastewater pipelines are transported into Xiaohongmen Wastewater Treatment Plant along the northem bank of Liangshuihe 0 _____________ River .C Sewer along the D1600mm, From the westem end of Sewer along o Northem Bank of L2450m Fengcaohe river to the east along the northem . Fengcaohe river bank of Liangshuihe River and to sewer along the southem bank of Liangshuihe River In the a) north. 0 Wujiacun Wastewater With an area of The western suburb of Beijing, to the south of 35,411, in which Wastewater g Treatment Plant 12 hectares, the Shuiyugou, to the east of Yuquan Road, and to 14,099 from the treatment: designing the north of Meishikou Road. World Bank loan, anaerobic/ capacity is 21,312 raised at anoxic/aerobic 8x104m /d, home. processes pipeline length Sludge treatment:. of 6.65 km concentration/dehyd ration 10  ~~~~~~- - - a- --1 - <X- -I r7~~~~~~~~ e. N_ : . .._ -,11 , a I N ]t - - P t X - X c - - l~II -~ -~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~I   Lugouqiao With an area of To the south of Yangshu Village, Kandan, 56,124.9, iti Wastewaler Wastewater 21.2 hectares, Fengtai District and to the east of Beijing which 23,650 treatment: Treatment Plant the designing Municipal Printing Warehouse, in the east of from the World hydrolyze- capacity is the Plant is Jingshan Railway, and in the south Bank loan, anaerobic/ aerobic 20x104m3/d, is the Railway Electrolization Material Factory. 32,474.9 raised processes pipeline length at home. Sludge treatment: of 9.29 km concentration/dehyd ration Xiaohongmen With an area of Between the Southem Fourth Ring Road in the 144,084, in Wastewater Wastewater 48.48 hectares, Southem Suburban and the first ring of the which 61,329 treatment: Treatment Plant the designing road, to the south side and the east side of from the World anaerobic/ aerobic capacity is railway, and to the north side of Xiaolong River, Bank loan, processes 60x104m3/d, and the west side of Liangshuihe River. 82,755 raised at Sludge treatment: pipeline length home. concentration/nitrat ___________ _____ ______________of 7.8 km e/dehydration Continued Designation Construction Activities Construction Scale Geographic Location Investment Remark (RMB 10,000 Yuan) Sewer Subproject Wastewater-catching D1,050-3,000 mm, From the west to the east along the 44,964, in which 31,788 of Qinghe pipeline along the 110,200 m northern bank of Qinghe River, and then from the World Bank Wastewater northem bank of to the north along the planned loan. Treatment Plant Qinghe River Nanmafangxi Road, finally to the Qinghe .______________ _______Wastewater Treatment Plant. Wastewater-catching D1,960-2,400 mm, Accessed to Qinghe wastewater-catching pipeline along the L6,200 m pipeline along the eastern bank of eastern bank of Xiaoyuehe River after crossing the Xiaoyuehe river O Qinghe River. Sewerto the east of D1,400 mm, L1,520m Accessed to Qinghe Wastewater- the Central catching pipeline after crossing Qinghe Communist Party River. University Downstream segment D1,600mm, L720m Accessed to . Qinghe Wastewater- of Wanquanhe River catching pipeline after crossing Qinghe wastewater-pipeline River. 11  Downstream segment D1,600mm, L720m Accessed to Qinghe Wastewater- of Wanquanhe River catching pipeline after crossing Qinghe wastewater-pipeline River. Wastewater distribution D1,350-1,950mm, Accessed to the wastewater-catching pipeline along North L5,050m pipeline along the eastern bank of Tucheng Road Xiaoyuehe River northward along Tsinghua South road and eastward along Tucheng North Road. Wastewater-catching D11,350 mm, L1,900m Accessed to the wastewater-catching pipeline along Chengfu pipeline along the eastern bank of Road Xiaoyuehe River eastward along __________ _________Chengfu Road. Gas reconstruction Renovating and 1950 boilers 8 urban and suburban districts 528672, in which 19733 Sub-Project modifying the coal-fired from the Worlo Bank, boilers . . others raised at home Air Quality Air pollution control Citywide 493,600-460,000, in Decision-making measures research, which 166,000 from the Support System Personal training and world bank loan, 298,600- institution capacity 327,600 raised at home building. _  ne pipeline installations in watershed of Liangshuihe River in this project stage s to complete the interim planning Sewer in Liangshuihe River basin for construction of Wujiacun, Lugouqiao and Xiaohongmen wastewater treatment piants to leverage capacities of these three plants to great extent. The sewer engineering covers 4 Sewer installations, including Xinkai Canal wastewater- catching pipeline, wastewater-catching pipeline along the southern bank of Liangshuihe River, Sewer in Songjiazhuang Industrial Zone, and Sewer along the northem bank of Fengcaohe river. Besides, some accessory building will also be constructed in line with the sewer engineering. 2.2.1.2 Wujiacun Wastewater Treatment Plant Wujiacun Wastewater Treatment Plant is located in the west of Beijing, to the south of Shuiyugou and to the east of Yuquan Road and to the north of Meishikou Road. The location is specified in Figure 2-2. The Plant covers an area of 12 hectares, the rated capacity of the Plant is 80,000 cubic meters a day. In addition, an assorting sewer as long as 6,650 meters will be established. (1) Current wastewater volume and pollution load in Wujiacun Wastewater Treatment Plant The planning area of the watershed covered by Wujiacun Wastewater Treatment Plant is about 14.5 km2 and the drainage area is about 7.7 km2_to the south of Moshikou, to the north of Xibianmen Express, to east of the westem side of East Yangzhuang Road and to the west of Yuquan Road, which covers Pinggouyuan, Jingding Street, Beixinan, Najiao, Gucheng, Laoshan Residential District and Lugu Residential District and Yonglue Residential Zone under construction. Current wastewater volume in the said watershed is 42,800 cubic meters a day. As per the data recorded by Beijing Municipal Urban Drainage Corporation in 1997, the main water pollution indicators in Wujiacun are showed in Table 2-3. Table 2-3 the Current Water Quality in Wujiacun (Unit: mg/L) Item I pH ss COD,r BODs BODs/CODat Concentraton | 7.7 280 4330 1158 0.48 Calculated based on figures listed above, the current pollution load of SS in watershed covered by Wujiacun Plant is 4,347 tons a year, and COD, 5,155 tons a year, BOD5 2,468 tons a year. (2) Expected wastewater volume and pollution load of Wujiacun Wastewater Treatment Plant Average residential water usage volume in Beijing is 270 liters per capita per day. With steady improvement of living standard, expansion of urban public facilities, and rapid growth of residential water consumption, total wastewater volume in the area served by the Plant in year 2000, 2010 and 2050 is expected to reach 56,700, 74,700 and 91,800 cubic meters a day respectively. 13  The expected pollutant load in the area covered by Wujiacun Wastewater Treatment Plant is listed in Table 2-4. Table 2-4 Expected pollutant load in area served by Wujiacun Wastewater Treatment Plant Pollution Loads The year of 2000 The year of 2010 l BOD (tVa) I 4,358 5,902 I SS(t/a) 4,358 5,902 (3) Treatment processes *Inlet and outlet water quality and treatment rate Quality of inlet and outlet water at Wujiacun Wastewater Treatment Plant is shown in Table 2-5. Table 2-5 Quality of inlet and outlet water at Wujiacun Plant Items Inflow (mg/I) Outflow Treatment Rate (m) (%) BODs 200 <=20 >=90 CODcr 380 <=60 >=84.2 SS 250 <=20 '=92 NH4-N 30 <=5 >=83.3 T-P 5 <=1 >=80 *Treatment process Beijing has set stricter requirements to contents of COD, BOD5, SS, and TP limits in wastewater, so de-phosphate or de-nitride and de-phosphate processes shall be considered in the scheme. Based on substantive comparison among many options, we have set the treatment processes for Wujiacun Wastewater Treatment Plant as follows: Wastewater treatment- anaerobic/ anoxic/aerobic processes Sludge treatment -concentration/dehydration The exit filtrate from the dehydrating process will enter into the grid house before transported to the pump house. The process is composed of anaerobic stage, anoxic stage and aerobic stage in series. First, wastewater enters the anaerobic stage, the phosphorus discharges from the wastewater system by discharge of the rest sludge because some bacteria in active sludge can release phosphorus in wastewater under the anaerobic condition and can absorb phosphorus under the aerobic condition. And then the wastewater enters the anoxic stage and organic compounds in wastewater are originally degraded and the nitrate in wastewater is denitrified. Afterwards, the wastewater flows into the aerobic stage and organic compounds are further degraded and ammonia nitrogen is nitrated. Part of sludge flows back 14  Fig.2-2 Location of wujiacun WWTP, lugouqiao WWTP and xiaohongmen WWTP 14.~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~1 I~~~~ 2t0>:-re2 ~ $ I * l 1 I A@'_-I?)S*_r~~~~~~~~~~~S.itR:q4.y