Philippines - Northern Negros Geothermal Power Project : environmental impact statement (Vol. 3 of 6) : Environmental impact statement : volume two

I - -- E1353 VOL. 3 U ~NORTHERN NE GROS GEOTHERMAL * [ DEVELOPMENT PROJECT * - - : ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT- (VOLUMEI[) I . B 1N.. Prepared for: C y PNOC-ENSOED X' DEVELOPMDENT CORPORAETIONC 7t'r '- P1N\ C Cotz p Iex, Bid rntt Roaz Fort BoAidanit , MaSati, Lais o ManVila > PO. Box 13 Z iMtO I I p PTOC tht Ent,gv CcDz,y l ~~~~~~~~~~Prt>area b,y: CONSOQLYDATED AS_iA SYSTEM>8S DEV-ELOPMxENT, INC. . l E~~~~~th Fi. lMontcpino Bid. C-arnboE Cor. .A6oiatario Sts. Legtaspi V'i1iao' Ill ;a;}\^OA2H |~~~~~~~~~~~~~.k~.Mt '.vinu nila9  I r r r L  I:4 TABLE OF CONTENTS I CHAPTER 3.0 Baseline Environmental Conditions 3.1 The Land . ...... . I ....................................... 3-1 3 3.1.1 Geology. .................................................. 3-1 .3.1.1.1 Stratiggmphy .......... ......................................... 3-1 i o.1.1.2 . ....... Geologic Structures ........................................ 3-6 5 3.1.1.3 Hydrology of Geothennal Aleas ........................................ 3-9 3.1.1.4 Seismic and Volcaniic Hazards ......................................... 3-11 I 3.1.2 Pedology and Land Use . ....................................... 3-21 1.1.2.1 Methodology ........................................ 3-21 | 3.1.2.2 Baseline Envirnmental Profile ......................................... 3-33 3.1.3 Termstiial Ecology-Floral Component . ....................................... 3-65 3.1.3.1 Introduction ........................................ 3-65 3.1.3.2 Metliodology ........................................ 3-65 3.1.3.3 Results and Discussion . ........................................3-68 3.1.4 Terrestaial Ecology- Aguicultuve ........................................ 3-110 3.1.4.1 . .Ingatioin Water ........................................ 3-112 j 3.1.4.2 Farm and Soil ........................................ 3-114 w' 3.1.4.3 3 Crps and Livestock ......................................... 3-121 I 3.1.4.4 Crop Production Technologies ......................................................... 3-122 3.1.5 - Terrestrial Ecology-Fauna ................................. ........................ 3-129 -3.1.5.1 Introduction ......................................................... 3-129 3.1.5.2 Methodology ........... .......................... .................... 3-129 3.1.5.3 Results and Discussion ................................. ........................ 3-131 |3.2 The W'ater .............. 3-148 3.2.1 Inihoduction .3-148 3.2.2 lydrology ....................................... 3-148 3.2.2.1 Methodology .... 3-148 3 22Suiface Water. Resoutes......................................... 3-149 3* .23Results and Discussions ......................................................... 3-160 3.2.3 Water Quality .3-168 3.2M3.1 Methodology .3-68 I 3.2.3.2 Results and Discussions .3-172 3.2.4 Fieswater Biology............................................................. 3-194 3.2.4. Mletthodology .... 3-194 3.2.4.2 Collection and.Aadlysiis of Biologicl Species .3-201 !  3.2.4.3 Water Quality Assessnieilt Based on Indicator Species .......... .......... 3-204 3.2.4.4 Results and Discussionls ..................... .. 3-205 3.2.4.5 Econ0omically Impoltant Species ....................................................... 3-235 3.2.5 Coastal and Maiinc Ecology ......................................................... 3-240 3.2.5.1 Intri dtction ....................................................... 3-240 3.2.5.2 Methodology ......../ . . 3-240 3.2.5.3 Environmental Conditionis ........................ ............................... 3-250 3.2.5.4 Results and Discussion. ....................... ................................ 3-266 3.2.6 Physical Oceaniognaphy ....................... ................................ 3-285 3.2.6.1 lIydr-ogiphy ....................................................... 3-285 3.2.6.2 Waves and Tides ..................... , 3-287 3.2.6.3 Oceani Cuwnnts ......................... 3-288 3.2.6.4 Water Quality 3-294 3.3 Meteorology and Air Quality 3-298 3,3.1 Metlodsology .3-298 3.3.1.1 Determination of Baseline M1eteorological Conditioins .......... .......... 3-298 3.3.1.2 Aleasuiemernt of Air Quality and Noise ................................. ............. 3-298 3.3.1.3 The Ganssian Modelling Approach .......................... 3-297 3.3.1.4 Piediction of Noise Levels . ....................................................... 3-299 3.3.1.5 Meteorology ....................................................... 3-299 3.3.2 Results and Discuission. .......................... 3-308 L 3.4 Tlle People-SOCIO-ECONOMICS .................................................. 3-315 3.4.1 Mlethodology ......................... 3-31]5 3.4.1.1 Ideentiflicationi of lImpact Areas ....................................................... 3-315 3.4.1.2 Hfouiselhold Socio-economnic Siitey ....................................................... 3-316 3.4.1.3 Key Informants ........................................................ 3-319 3.4.1.4 Data Analysis ........................................................ 3-319 3.4.2 Suivey Results ....................................................... 3-320 3.4.3 Political Stniictue ....................................................... 3-320 3.4.3.1 Provinice/City/MNtunicil).dity/Baiiuigay ............................... .............. 3-320 3.4.4 Demogryllpic Profile ............ ......................................... . 3-322 3.4.4.1 Population ............................................................................................. 3-322 3.4.4.2 Famlily Size aniid Atge Pmfile ....................................................... 3-324 3.4.4.3 Religion ....................................................... 3-327 3.4.4.4 Ethnic Oiigiit and Alignation ....................................................... 3-327 3.4.4.5 literacy andi Education ......................... .............................. 3-332 3.4.5 Economic Plrfile ....................................................... 3-332 3.4.5.1 Commllerce mio Indstisty ................. . 3-332 3.4.5.2 Agzictilttinle md Fow-sthy .......................... ............................. 3-335 3.4.5.3 TotIisi .33.......................,,,,,,,,.......,,,,,,,.....I ............................ 3-339 3.4.5.4 Eniploynietit and hlousehiol( lincome. ......................I....................... 3-340 3.4.6 Resotiires Int Infiastmatim . .......................................................6 R orcs.]...... 3-340 L  I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ I 3 3.4.6.1 Water Utilities/Selvices ....................................................... 3-340 3.4.6.2 Power/Electhical Seivices ................................................... 3-344 3.4.6.3 TninUspo itation wid Communication Facilities .......................... ...... 3-344 3 3.4.7 Healtlh and Sanitation ........................................................ 3-348 3.4.7.1 Genenal Profile and H-leadth Facilities ........................... 3-348 3.4.7.2 Mortality and Morbidity ....................................................... 3-351 3.4.7.3 Sanitaiy Facilities antd Piactices ....................................................... 3-353 3.4.8 Local Residents Perccptions ontthe Project .................................. 3-355 I 3,4.8.1 Project Awairness ................................................................................... 3-355 3.4.8.2 Project Acceptance . .................................................. 3-356 l I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ I l l Il I| I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ I .  LIST OF TABLES r CIIAPTER 3.0 pa 1 3.1.1 Baseline Conditions of the Bago River Watershed 3-34 3.1.2 General environmrient con(lition of the differeeit development' site options 3-36 3.1.3 E xtent axid distiibution of land use anid vegetation by site azid impact areas 3-53 3.1.4 Extent and distributioni of land( uise antd vegetation by site of slope 3-54 3.1.5 Extenit and (distrilbution of landl uise and vegetation by site of erosion 3-55 3.1.6 Extent and (listribuitioni of land use and vegetationi by site of soil type 3-58 3.1.7 Soil cheniical analysis 3-61 3.1.8 Estimated Permeability of Soil Typcs 3-63 3.1.9 List and Descriptionis of Floral Samiipling Stations 3-67 3.1.9 Various soil types and thLeir ecological implication 3-63 3.1.10 Vegetation Coniposition of Openi Distriibuted Area in Hlagdan, Mailumnl, Bago City at 700mnasl, 20% slope, SW aspect 3-74 3.1.11 Vegetation Conmr.osition of Logged-over Open Canopy r forest area in llagdan, Mailun, Bago City at 814masl, 15% slope, NE aspect 3-75 3.1.12 Vegetalion Composition of' Logged-over forest area andl abandoned kaingin, Sitio Hagdan at 722 masI, 475 slope, NE aspect 3-78 3.1.13 Vegetation Compositioni of Openi Canopy Forest in Sitio Hagdan at 777masl, 50% slope, NE aspect 3-80 3.1.14 Vegetation Composition of Open Canopy Secondary Forest an(l Pine Planiationi in Subaiig Pula in Sitio Pagba, Pataan, Ma-ao, Bago City at 609 masl 30.fO