Georgia - Municipal Infrastructure Project : environmental assessment/analysis

Environ ental rF ;<X . Assessment/A nalysis Reports __,__ K Report E0066 Georgia - a4 Infastructure, EA Category BPrjc I Ji,. EnvironmentalI 1 ~Assessment March 1995 i ThisyrAport has been prepared,by; t4ei)VB1d Bank . S~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~W  -29 - 3.50 In order to strengthen the Borrower's operational plan, the municipalities will need to pay more attention to maintenance planning and scheduling, particularly to ensure that all new electrical and mechanical equipment will be properly maintained. This will require attention to the manufacturers' maintenance recommendations, setting aside required funds, and preparing naintenance programs and plans for each equipment item. In recent years, the operational personnel have only been maintaining old and used equipment. 3.51 With respect to the solid waste disposal sites (land fills and unofficial dumps) in Banimi, Poti, and Tbilisi, new organizational and procedural arrangements will need to be established for effective operation. For the urban tansport sector in Tbilisi, rationalization of the operation was recommended by the mission-as a parallel activity within the municipality in order to ensure overall cost efficieacy of the service delivery in the future. 2. Borrower's Project Implementation Plan (PIP) 3.52 The Borrower's Project Implementation Plan will include arrangements for the timely provision of all necessary input, adequate staffing of the Agency, training, implementation of adequate fnancial management procedures, specification of the monitoring and evaluation system to be applied, and implementation of other operational procedures required for effective project execution. The PIP was formalized under the Project Management Agreement (PMA) which will be signed between the Government of Georgia and the Agency. A project implementation schedule was prepared during project appraisal (See Annex 11). Dissemination of information regarding the project has been initiated and the tentative performance indicators by which the ; project will be monitored and evaluated have been defined during appraisal (see para 5.2h for Agreements and Recommendations). 3.53 In addition to the PMA, the Borrower will prepare a Manual of Procedures (MOP) for the project implementation activities containing more detailed guidelines to the Agency and other organizations involved in implementing the agreements reached with the government (see para 5.2i of Agreements and Recommendations). 3. Supervision Plan 3.54 As this is the first Bank-supported investment credit to Georgia, and given the particular implementation arrangements, the project is expected to require a significant supervision effort, particularly during the first year when a large portion of the procurement will be undertaken. Therefore, it is planned that about 40 staff weeks of effort for tde first year and about 20 staff weeks in each of the following two years would be required for supervision. A detailed supervision plan was discussed during project appraisal and negotiations, and is attached as Annex 10 (See para 5.2h of Agreements and Recommendations). 4. Environmental Review 3.55 No new construction or development is planned under the project. There will be no primary negative environmental or socio-economic impacts. The project has been placed m the environmental screening category "B," as consistent with the provisions of Bank Operational  -30- Directive 4.01 "Environmental Assessment". The project will be environmentally beneficial to the communities and sectors targeted for financial assistance by: (a) reducing the degradation of municipal infrastructure systems; (b) maintaining a minimal level of operational service; (c) helping arrest declining socio-economic and environmental conditions; and (d) providing a critical contnbution to reducing the health risks from infectious diseases. 3.56 The primary benefits include: (a) curtailing the threat of infectious diseases to public health by reducing the amount of raw sewage flow through the city streets in Batumi, Poti, and Tbilisi; (b) introducing a more effective system of waste collection and disposal and land fill management in Batumi, Poti and Tbilisi; (c) restoring and maintaining potable water supplies in Tbilisi and Batami; (d) providing heating and weatherization in schools and hospitals in Tbilisi; (e) operationalizing the urban transport system; and (f) initiating a wider action program for improved management of Georgia's coastal resources. Annex 12 provides a more detailed account of the environmental review and proposed mitigation plan. f S. PublicEnvironmentalAw-reness, Non-govermnentalOrganizations, and Community Participation 3.57 Historically, a certain level of puablic awareness about the enviromnent and appreciation for nature has existed in Georgia. It in, probable that while this awareness still exists, wide- spread support for enviromnental prograams has temporarily subsided due to more pressing I economic and political concerns. 3.58 Nonetheless, an environmental NGO movement is gaining recognition and proliferating into more specialized groups, stemming mainly from the political parry of the Georgia Greens. The Green Party, which played an active role in the Independence movement, has since gained greater representation in the Parliament, despite the nation's current focus on short-term, economic survival needs. President Shevarnadze's new parry, the Citizen's Union, has incorporated many Green members with the objective of emphasizing environmental issues, including the urgency of the ecological situation on the Black Sea coast. 3.59 Current institutional relationships between government and non-governmental organizations, while new, seem cooperative. If properly encouraged, potential exists for collaboration between public and private sectors. Yet, the idea of "community-based" resource management, in which local resource users participate in planning and management decisions about their rights to, and responsibilities for, resource use, remains alien-both to communities themselves and to government institutions. Excluding the Orthodox church, there are very few indigenous cultural community institutions on which to build. While the concept of local participation is familiar to NGOs, mechanisms for achieving coordination between users and government agencies, and encouraging community decision-making and field action, are not well tested. Meanwhile, small-scale, traditional resource users on the coast, such as fishermen, wood-cutters, and farmers comprise an important group which needs to be understood in terms of their own concerns regarding the natral resource base, its use, and overexploitation. Efforts will be made in the Coastal Zone Management program to reach these groups.  -31 - 6. Economic Analysis 3.60 One of the project's main objectives is to support the Government's economic stabilization efforts by helping to increase the productivity of the urbar population in three key cities. This will be achieved through the provision of spare parts and -.: uipment urgently needed to arrest an aggravated deterioration of basic infrastructure services (i.e., urban transport, heating, water supply and sewerage) and to lay the foundation for future improvement of the j management and delivery of such services. Without this intervention, labor mobility and the productivity of urban populations will continue to decline, thus jeopardizing the national economic stabilization. It is not very meaningful to attempt to quantify precisely the aggregate impact of the proposed project, given the many distortions and uncertainties in the Georgian economy. However, an analysis has been made on individual project subcomponents which indicates that in all cases, given the rapid deterioration of key municipal services and their crucial role in national economic stabilization and future growth, the benefits are substantial, clearly outweighing costs. This is normally the case in rehabilitation interventions of this kind. In addition, individual subcomponents taken together help lay the foundation for greater future benefit to the economy by instituting or setting in motion processes that aim to improve overall management and delivery of essential municipal services. Annex 12 provides details on the qualitative analysis, which may be summarized as follows: - Tbilisi Schools and Hospitals. Ininediate and short-terrn assistance for weatherization and heating, costing an estimated US$4.1 million, will: (a) increase public access to education and health care facilities; (b) reduce energy requirements to some extent; (c) enable pupils to attend school longer this year and in the future than in the past two years (when total school days were reduced due to winter closings) through improved facilities; (d) ensure a more continuous educational process for students by reducing the .vinter break from 12 weeks taken last year-which proved disruptive for the students-to approximately 5 weeks; (e) ensure continued health care services and greater access to 23 hospitals in the city during the winter; (f) increase the efficiency and utilization of hospital space through a migration of patients fromr hospitals which will not be weatherized (and are planned to close because of underutilization) to those 23 that are rehabilitated; (g) reduce the patient overload at ambulatory care clinics which have been burdened in the past winters by patients who are understandably unwilling to tolerate poor hospital conditions. * Tbilisi Urban Transport. Immediate and short-term assistance through the project, costing an estimated US$4.1 million, will help: (a) increase labor mobility and thus support economic activiiy in the capital, (b) increase frequency of trips resulting in increased access and reduced waiting time; and (c) increase passenger safety and mitigate or stop the rate of equipment deterioration. * Water Supply in Tbilisi. Batumi: Project investments totaling US$2.04 million, will help: (a) inprove environmental quality and reduce exposure to water-related disease; (b) maintain or improve the quality of drinkdng water; and (c) maintain existing access to water supply services.  -32 - * Wastewater Treatment in Tbilisi. Batumi and Poti: Project investments totaling US$2.26 million, will: (a) reduce the serious hazard to the public and help alleviate environmental degradation; (b) increase access to sewerage services; and (c) increase operational efficiency by reducing electricity requirements for pumping stations and reducing somewhat the overall manpower requirements. * Solid Waste Management in Tbilisi. Batumi and Poti: Project investments totalling US$1.02 million will help: (a) reduce enviromnental pollution and public exposure to health hazards; (b) reduce probability of accidents at garbage landfill sites; and (c) increase operational efficiencies by increasing productivity of manpower and hours of access to needed equipment. 7. Social Analysis 3.61 No detailed social assessment was undertaken as part of project preparation or appraisal. However, some salient social features may be highlighted. More than 25% of the population, or 1.5 million, reside in the capital city of Tbilisi; three of the other major cities, Batumi, Poti and Sukhumi, are ports on the Black Sea. The Black Sea coastal watershed covers 40% of the country geographicaIly and contains almost 40% of its population. 3.62 Until recently, standards of living in Georgia have been relatively high. A long tradition of close family ties and communal barter exchanges, combined with an historically robust agncultural economy and a large informal or underground economy, have helped maintain both cultural integrity and socioeconomic security. At the same time, Georgia has until recently enjoyed a comprehensive system of social welfare, including free health care, consumer subsidies such as bread and electricity funded from the state budget, and other welfare benefit programs (i.e., pensions, disability, maternity, child care allowances). Health standards and life expectancy have also been comparatively high, although substandard technologies have prevailed throughout FSU countries. Historically, Georgian society has been acculturated to place high values on education. By the 1980s, the Georgian population was considered among the best educated in the USSR. 3.63 Now, in the midst of a social and economic breakdown that is considered more extreme than any other forner Soviet republic, living standards in all socioeconomic classes have dropped precipitously since the late 1980s. Georgia's strong economic dependency on Russia, especially in the vital energy sector and other supplies, has made it particularly vulnerable to the contraction of the Russian economy. Lay-offs, hyperinflation, and chronic shortages of basic commodities such as bread have eroded livelihoods. Although precise statistical data are not available, it is now believed that 90 percent of the population currently lives below the poverty line. Health standards are declining in certain key areas, including a rise in infant and maternal mortality rates. 8. Poverty Alleviation 3.64 The proposed project will, by stemming the further deteroration of key municipal services such as heating in hospitals, waste water treatment and landfill systems, and potable  - 33 - water supplies, help alleviate poverty to some extent, particularly the most vmlnerable social groups. It is the more vulnerable groups, such as the sick, the poor, and refugees of war who suffer disproportionately when basic services breakdown and the enviromnent degrades. In Batuni, the clogged septic tanks overflow in neighborhoods of war refugees, while those most directly exposed to the mismanaged and fast eroding landfill are impoverished grazers, garbage scavengers, and those in the area who depend on subsistence fishing and local river drinking water in order to survive. In Tbilisi, ensuring a minimal level of heat during the winter to hospital patients and school children, and upgrading potable water supplies and other urban infrstructure, contrbute to the health and the welfare of marginalized groups, as well as the general population. Rehabilitation of essential municipal services, and the direct linkage to environmental resource amelioration, is fundamental in the longer tern strategy of poverty alleviation.  - 77 _ Annex 12 Page 1 of l l Georgia Municipal Services Rehabilitation Project Environmental Review and Mitigation Plan I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1.0 The ervironmental review and mitigation plan is prepared in accordance with Operational Directive 4.01 for a Category B classification. This Project will entail no new construction or development. There will be no primary environmental and socio-economic .negative impacts. In a few investments there are minor secondary impacts. In general, the investments will have positive primary and secondary impacts in reducing public health risks. Current investment efforts will contribute to some improvements in the natral resource base. Mitigation and monitoring efforts, outlined in Table 1, are proposed during the iinplementation and operaTion of the proposed investment activities. 2.0 At a minimum, the investment Project will: (i) reduce thfe degradation of municipal infrastructure systems; (ii) maintain a minimal level of operational integrity; (iii) arrest the declining socio-economic and enviromnental conditions; and (iv) provide a critical contribution to reducing the health risks from infectious diseases. II. INTRODUCTION 3.0 The Ministry of Health states that the health, economic, and social consequences of water pollution have aiready become evident to the residents of Georgia. The level of morbidity by waterborne gastrointestinal infection diseases in several regions of Georgia has dramatically increased in the last decade. The consumption of untreated drinking water which has contributed to outbreaks of acute gastrointestinal diseases have been occurring almost every year during the last decade. Annual outbreaks of dysentery have taken place in Tbilisi with an average of 150 cases a year. An increase of morbidity of children with Hepatitis A is evident in the region of the Black Sea basin. The beaches of the Black Sea are strongly polluted from high bacterial counts (e.coli) ranging from 43,000,000 mg/l to 1 l0,000,000,00C,000 mg/I. Of equal concem is the unmanaged disposal of municipal waste which has lead to increase in infectious diseases, impacts on water quality, and exposure to vernin. 4.0 The project investments in Batunmi and Poti have the additional enviromnental benefits of helping to alleviate serious pollution from some of the most critical "hot spots" on Georgia's coast as identified by the GEF-supported Programme for the Environmental Management and Protection of the Black Sea. Institutional development and technical assistance activities will help lay the foundation for a long range resource conservation and management program on Georgia's coast.  - 78 - Annex 12 Page 2 of 11 ii Im. REHABILITATION PROJECTS I. Baseline Conditions 5.0 Tbilisi Transportation: Since almost 90% of the urban transport users are dependant Ii on the Metro, it is important to improve the system to maintain cohesion of city operations and improve the safety environment. Exposed electric cables and wires as well as water and I oil leakages resulting from a poorly managed system create a hazardous environment for passengers. The investment plan would provide spare parts and improve system operations so 1 fthat the social benefit of passenger safety is achieved, in addition to efficiency gains. Analysis of Alternatives *r 5.1 With no action, the transportation infrastructure would continue to deteriorate and threaten the operations and efficiency of the entire transportation system, and significantly increase the potential for accidents. Use of individual vehicles would be the only alternative to public transportation system. The use of individual vehicles is not a cost effective, practical, and envirommentally sensitive alternative. ImvactsIMirgation/Monitoring 5.2 The proposed immediate and short term action will have positive primary and secondary impacts in reducing the potential for paralysis of urban operations and providing better systems operations. Tree pruning, required for clearance of overhead electric cables, will be managed in a sensitive way to reduce impacts to trees. The Metro and Thilitran oversight committee and the TCC (Technical Coordination Committee) will monitor transportation service operations and management. * 6.0 Tbilisi Heating: For the past two winters, all 200 schools in the country's capital were closed and many of the city's most critical hospitals had limited operational capacity due to the lack of heating, including fuel shortage, degraded heating infrastructure, and poor weatherization of buildings. To help provide the necessary enviromnent to maintain a basic level of educational and health services through the winter, investments to mitigate this situation should be initiated immediately (before the onset of winter). Analysis of Alternatives 6.1 Alternative heating options, such as the use of kerosene heaters, were deemed inappropriate for schools and hospitals as they were considered extremely unsafe for operation in the presence of children. Additionally, the noxious fames from the use of kerosene heaters in closed, unventilated rooms would have a significant adverse public health impact. For -these reasons, kerosene heaters were deemed unsafe. Other space heating alternatives depended too heavily on unavailable fuel and electricity inputs. The option of taking no action would have a significant detrimental impact on the continuity of education and on the vulnerable hospital patients of Tbilisi. Impacts/Mitigation/Monitoring 6.2 The dominant environmental issue is the public health risk of exposure to - cold/freezing conditions. The TlAP would provide continuous power supply to hospitals,  - 79 _ Annex 12 Page 3 of 11 implement primary weatherization for 200 schools and 23 hospitals. Weatherization of schools would provide positive impacts on public health, create a foundation for developing long term environmental conservation strategies, and contribute positively to the social fabric of the community. 6.3 Weatherization of these facilities may indirectly reduce the uncontrolled harvesting of urban trees for firewood; thus, this approach impacts positively on the environmental. To reduce the poor air quality in hospitals, low sulfur mazout fuel (.5%) will be recommended. Although the project does Iiot encompass the purchase of fuel, the municipality has ensured that fuel will be provided for the critical facilities identified. 7.0 Water Supply and Distribution (Tbilisi and Barwni): The water supply and distribution system is currently suffering fromp defective equipment, leakage, and an unreliable electrical supply. Continuous loss of ptessuic; in the distribution system and the consequent emptying of mains give rise to potable water quality problems due to groundwater infiltration into the network. In most districts, water supplies are only made available for two-hour periods. During winter months, when electricity shortages are acute some residents are deprived of water for periods of up to 4 days. In Batumi, the lack of treatment capabilities during flooding forces the river intakes to the Water Supply Enterprise to close and requires the city to be dependant on borehole water supply (which is energy intensive). The short-tern investment project intends tu reduce the rate at which the system is deteriorating, reduce wastage of water, maintain water quality, and improve utilization of the system in each city. Analysis of Alternatives 7.1 An alternative to improvements in public water supply is the use of bottled water. However. bottled water can only be used for consumption and does not satisfy the need for other uses. Furthermore. bottled water is not cost effective, and it increases the production and use of bottles and containers, which is energy intensive. Taking no action will only prolong the inadequate supply of potable water and continue the risk to public health. 7.2 Sole dependency on borehole supply would require a detailed investigation of groundwater resource supply and management of groundwater supply. Sole dependency on river water is limited during periods of high flow due to increase of turbidity in river water. Impacts/Mitigation/Monitoring 7.3 Improving the distribution of potable water would have a positive impact on public health by reducing the occurrence of infectious diseases. A potential negative impact could result if chlorine, a hazardous gas, is not properly handled and stored. Management plans will be developed for storage and handling of chlorine. Temporary impacts would result from disruption in traffic and water supply due to pipeline repairs. The Water Supply Enterprise will be advised on improving water supply system operations. The TCC will review and supervise components of the project implementation activities. 8.0 Water Treatment Facility (T7ilisi/Gardaboni): Currently only the mechanical screens are is operating while intermittent electrical power prevents operation of the secondary  -80._ Annex 12 Page 4 of 1 biological treatment within the facility. The dominant environmental issue pertains to the poor quality of water discharging into the Kura River. Additionally, the disposal of sludge, including both industrial and municipal wastes, is potentially toxic and therefore can cause environmental problems on the land which it is dumped on. The short tern investments would include the renovation of sufficient primary tanks and associated systems, to permit a total of seven tanks in service. Analysis of Alternative 8.1 Taking no action would continue the deterioration of the treatment facility system, and continue to impact water quality of the Kura River. With regard to establishing the proposed dedicated hydropower facility which will be utilizing power plant cooling water to provide power to the facility, preliminary calculation indicate there is insufficient hydraulic head to generate sufficient electricity to make the Gardaboni facility somewhat self-sufficient. Impacts/Mit iarion/Monitoring 8.2 Improvements to primary treatment would provide appropriate capacity consistent with the flow arriving at the works. Operating consistent primary treatment operations at a minimum would slightly improve the quality of the effluent being discharged into the Kura River. The TCC will monitor the implementation activities. 9.0 Sewerage Systems( Tbilisi, Batumi, and Poti): Thirty to forty percent of the Tbilisi's sewers are reported to be out of service because of blockages. This is a problem in all three cities and has caused flooding into the streets and consequent public health risks evidenced through the rise of infectious diseases. The proposed short-term investment would supply pumps, spare parts, sewer renovation and cleaning equipment to maintain operational integrity of the system and reduce sewerage overflow in the streets. Analysis of Alternatives j 9.1 There are no cost effective feasible alternatives in either city. All three are very dependant on the existing sewerage infrastructure. Both Poti and Bamumi are located in a topographically flat river floodplain areas where gravity drainage is poor and Tbilisi is located in an area where altemative use (ie. septic systems) are not geographically feasible. * Furthermore, installation of self composting systems is neither cost effective nor viable in cities as it is a system which serves primarily residential areas. Impacts/Mitigation/Monitoring 9.2 The proposed investment for cleaning equipment and supply of spare parts would improve the pipeline system and reduce sewerage flow into the streets, resulting in a reduction to public health risks. This reduced exposure to infectious diseases would be the primary positive impact. 9.3 A temporary negative impact, if sewerage management is not improved, would include the potential increase in flow from cleaned pipelines which would discharge into the Kura River. A temporary impact may result from disturbance and disruptions during sewer  -81- Annex 12 Page.5 of 11 main repairs. Appropriate construction measures will be taken to reduce irmipacts. The TCC will monitor the implementation acEivities. Technical AssiRtance/Institutional Needs 9.4 The Water Supply Enterprises in all three cities will be advised on improving sewerage system management. Technical Assistance will be provided to work with the City Design Institutes to conduct the Sewerage Network Mapping which will entail a closed circait television inspection survey. 9.5 The Integrated Coastal Zone Management Strategy will incorporate intermediate and long term management efforts for waste water treatment to reduce the impacts of sewerage outflow on Black Sea coastal resources. 10.0 Solid waste disposal (Tbilisi, Bawnui, and Pori): The dumps or landfills in all three cities are posing problems to public health, surface and ground water quality, and local air quality. In I bilisi, there are a number of non-sanctioned dumps located throughout regions of the city which are located on river banks, commonly have open fires, and are infested with vermin. The proposed short term action for Tbilisi includes establishing a dump-truck transfer system that would allow more efficient operation of trash disposal to the sanctioned landfills and a systematic reduction of hazards which arise from the illegal dump sites. 10. 1 In Batumi, the landfill is located at the bark of the Choroki River floodplain delta and is causing adverse enviromnental hazards, including poor water quality and deteriorating public health from the rapidly eroding landfill debris which washes to up on the coastline of the Black Sea. Additionally, the landfill impacts its informal users (i.e. scavengers, shepherds, grazers) who derive their livelihood on the resource. In Poti, much of the landfill was cannibalized from the civil conflicts and remains umnanaged. The short-term investment strategy includes the provision spare parts and equipment to improve landfill management in both locations. Analysis of Alternatives 10.2 The proposed Technical Assistance for a topographical survey of the existing landfill site may provide insights on a possible feasible altemative site, possibly adjacent to the current landfill. Similarly, a feasibility study should be conducted in Poti to identify alternative sites, if necessary. Impacts/Miti gation/Monitoring 10.3 The closure of unauthorized dumps in Tbilisi would have a positive impact on the surface and groundwater quality by reducing runoff and leachate problems to te Kura river. The dump closure will also improve air quality from reduced burning trash, and reduce public health risks from infectious diseases. The TCC will review transfer system operations and dump closures.  _ 82 - Annex 12 Page 6 of 11 10.4 In Batumi and Poti, landfill investments would have significant positive impacts on the public health and local and regional water quality by reducing exposure of contaminants and debris in the water. Implementation of a landfill management plan, if prepared properly, should have both primary positive impact on public health, and a secondary positive socio- economic impact on the inforFlal users of the landfill. Care should be taken to not dislocate these people during operaticas. The TCC will review landfill management and operations. Technical Assistance 10.5 Technical Assistance will be provided for a Tbilisi Waste Management Master Plan. The plan would propose to incorporate a community public participation component in waste management and recycling as one step in a strategy to reduce waste and improve its disposal. 10.6 In Batumi, technical advice will be provided for a topographical survey of the existing landfill site undertaken using aerial survey. Technical Assistance will also be provided for a Landfill Protection Program. This study for will focus on floodplain protection as an interim measure to divert the flow in the channel and reduce landfill bank undercutting and erosion. Additionally, the work program may include a feasibility study for a channel modification strategy and temporary bank stabilization of the Choroki River in order to mitigate landfill erosion into the Sea. In both Batumi and Poti. Technical Assistance will be provided for the Integrated Coastal Zone Management Strategy (ICZM). The ICZM will incorporate intermediate, short-term, and long term management efforts to reduce the impacts of the landfill operations on the Black S_a coastal resources.  -83- Annex 12 Page 7 of 11 [ MUNICIPAL IEFRASTRUCTURE REHABILTFATION PROJECT TABLE 1. ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION PLAN IrVESI ISSUES ACTIVITIES IMPACTS MMTIGATIONS MONITORING ]PROJECT I TRANSPOIRT TIAP General 7hilisi * metro and * purchase of * positive ima- * positive im- x for monitoring rolling stock spare parts for pacts to socio- pacts will not and review: a - require spare metro and rolling economic fabric require mitigation Metro over- parts stock of the city effort sight .ommittee and Tbiltrans * system in * improveuents * provide bettet oversight com- disrepair to power distribu- system operations mitte will be tion system for established c control room metro and rolling * more energy in disrepair stock efficient system * cpt,rational Short Term * tree pruning * tree pruning equipment and * revision of will be managed infrastructure in fare structure to ninimize deteriorated impacts to trees conditions * improve opera- tional equipment poor manage- ment of repair * improve tracks operations a restore control room * refurbish vehicles 1.  -84_ Annex 12 Table I cont. Environmental Mitigation Plan Page 8 of I I INVESTMENT ISSUES ACTIVITIES IMPACTS MMIGATION MONITORING PROJECT HEATING TIAP General General Thilisi * insufficient * repairs to * positive pri- positive impacts TCC will review heating in schools glazing of schools mary and second- will not require projects/instal- and hospitals ary impacts on mitigation effort lation * no insulation public health in buildings * installation of 2nd glazing to * reduce impact * deteriorated schools and hos- on urban forests conditions pitals no negative * no electricity * installation of primary or sec- independent ondary impacts heating systems socio-economic and natural re- provisions of sources dedicated electri- city lines -l Short Term * repair the fabric of build- ings Specific Specific * insulation of * public health * insulation will * TCC will roofs concerns from be specified as inspect insulation insulation asbesics free * provisions for products independent heating systems in hospitals * provisions for * noise from * ihe gencrators * TCC will eval- independent generators will be housed. uate optimal electricity for and placed in location for hospitals locations to min- placement of imize impacts generators from noise use of mazout * use of low- fuel sulphur fuel (<0.5%)  - 85 _ Annex 12 Table I cont. Environmental Mitigation Plan Page 9 of 11 INVESTMENT ISSUES ACTIVITIES IMPACTS MMIIGATION MONITORING PROJECT WATER Both Cities Both Cities Both Cities * Water Supply SUPPLY * interrupted Short Term * positive pri- Enterprise will be 7Tbilisi and water supply mazy and second- advised on system Batuin ary impacts on managemem and * limited elecuri- public health operations cal supply a equipment for * temnporary * appropriate * TCC will re- * loss of water repairing mains impacts; disrup- construction viewrepair pressure tion in traffic due measmes mini- activity to pipeline repairs mize impacs * water loss'due to leakage * chlorination * providing * secondary im- * propr storage . management plant in poor chlorination pact: chlorine is and handling of plan will be de- condition equipment toxic gas chlorine veloped for han- dling chlorine I * switch gear and materials for pumping (motor) equipment SDecific Specific Batumi Batumi * deteriorated * standby gen- * noise from * the generators * TCC will pumps and lelc- erators and rc- generators will be housed supervise place- uical equipment placement pumps and placed in ment and housing locations to min- of generators Thilisi imize impacts * laboratory! from noise * management equipment for plan and training water quality will be provided testing for laboratory operations * studies: prepa- ration of water distnbution man- agement plan  Ii' - 6 - Annex 12 Table 1 cont. Environmental Mitigation Plan Page 10 of 11 * INVESTMIE ISSUES ACTIVITIES I1MPACTS MTGAIION MONITORING PROJECT WASTEWATER All Cities All Cities All Ciries * Water Enter- COLLECTION * untreated sew- * sewer cleaning * primary and prise will be AND erage discharged equipment secondary posi- advised on system TREATMENT to river tive impacts on management and Pori * spare parts for public health operations Thilisi * sewer network sewer pans Batumi in deteriorated * positive sec- condition ondary impacts on water quality -' * frequent block- and ecosystem ages in sewers * excavating and flooding in equipmeut * temporary * appropriate * TCC will streets impacts from construction review repair . basic renova- disturbances measures to activity no equipment tion of primary during sewer minimize impacts available for treatment facili- repair I: cleaning sewers ties Tbilisi * intermittent * sewerage line * appropriate * water quality electricity Poni cleaning may sewer line man- Eesting will be - refurbishment have possible agement and initiated t* reatment facil- of pumping temporary im- piping will be ibes inadequate stations pacts on river . implemented water quality with All Cities * primary treat- * vehicles and flushing the CCTV inspection ment under equipment for system of sewers for capacity cmptying septic future sewer line tanks improvements - no secondary and tertiary treat- rnent * treatment facil- ities non-access- ible, bridge in- operational i  - 87 - Annex 12 Table 1 cont. Environmental Mitigation Plan Page ll of 11 INVESTMENT ISSUES ACTIVITIES IMPACTS MIGATION MONITORING PROJECT SOLID WASTE * disposal of * study and * positive pri- * TCC review of COLLECTION waste in uncon- implementation mary and second- landfill operations AND DISPOSAL trolled landfill/ for interim river ary impacts on Bamuri dumps at river's bank stabilization public health, edge to reduce landfill water quality, and erosion into river air quality v water qualiry * appropriate problems from .* landfill man- * temporary sediment and runoff/debris aged equipment negative impacts erosion control washing imto the from increased measures river * new collection turbidity during and transport construction of * limited supply vehicles river bank stabil- of vehicles and ization equipment * spare parts u Unmanaged * landfill man- * socia-econoniic * landfill man- disposal agement strategy impacs to infor- agement strategy mal users of the will be sensitive a open burning landfill to informal users of the landfill * socio-economic * compensation impact to gravel and reestablish- operaLors on the ment of gravel river channel operations in river bed 7bilisi * disposal of * equipment, * positive im- * management * TCC review of wastc in unauth- vehicles to estab- pacts would plan will de- landfill operations orized dumps in lish transfer col- reduce impacts on veloped regions of the lection system public health city * unauthorized * Study - a * positive im- dumps will be * water quality feasibility study pacts on air closed impacts from to produce master quality urban runoff and plan for furure leachate development of * positive im- municipal solid pacts on water * poor incinera- waste collecting quality tor operations and disposal operations * fires at dumps Pori . unmanaged * equipment for * positive im- * management * TCC will landfill landfill operaions pacts to public plan would be review landfill health, water dtveloped operations quality, and air quality