China - Second Shaanxi Provincial Highway Project - environmental assessment (Vol. 10 of 17) : Environmental impact statement of Xiaoshangyuan-Lantian Highway Project

N I HIGHNX WAY PROJ EC}C E-NVIRONMENTA L. IPC STATEMENT' OF-X'IAOSHANGYU'A'N-LANT'IAN;' HIGHWAY PROJECT' SHAANXI PROVINCIAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 3CI. MAY,1995 XIAN China  SHAANXI HIGHWAY PROJECT (2) ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT OF XIAOSHANGYUAN-LANTIAN HIGHWAY PROJECT SHAANXI PROVINCIAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION SCI. MAY, 1995 XIAN China  ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT OF XIAOSHANGYUAN-LANTiAN HIGHWAY PROJECT Prepared by: Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Environmental Protection Sciences Certificate: No. 0947 (grade-A), issued by NEPB Director: Yu Zhengpin Supervisor: Yang Lijuan Project chief: Wang Xinsheng Participants: Wang Xinsheng Lin Guofu Zhao Jianqi Liu Wenzong Zhang Zhenwen Translated by: Yang Jianjun  CONTENTS I GENERAL ....................................... 1 1.1 Origin and Aims of the EIA ...................... 1 1.2 Bases of the EIA ................................. . 1 1.3 Scope and Criterion ..... ...... . 2 1.3.1 Noise .... 2 1.3.2 Air .. ......................................... 3 1.3.3 Natural Ecological Environment ................ 3 1.3.4 Social Investigation and Public Participation ............................................... 4 1.3.5 Covered Time Period of the EIA ................ 5 1.4 Environment Protection Objective .................. 4 1.5 Assessment Methods . . .............................. 4 1.6 Assignment . ................................. . 5 2 . ANALYS IS OF TEE ALTERNL.IVES . . .... 6 2.1 Alignment Alternatives .......................... .. . 6 2.2 An Environmental Review on the Alternatives ........ 7 2.3 Recommondation on Aignxent .. . 8 3. SURVEY OF THE PROJECT .. .............................. 9 3.1 Project Significance . . . 9 3.2 Alignment and Main Control Points . . 9 3.3 Construction Scale and Technical Standard ... 9 3.4 Land Requisti-on and Resettiement . . 11 3.5 Selection of the EIA Factors .. 11 3.5.1 Construction Phase . . .......................... 11 3.5.2 Operation Phase . .............................. 12 3.5.3 Determination of EIA Factors . . . 12 3.6 Investment and Time Schedule ... . 13 4. SURVEY AND ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY SITUATION ........ ............................. 14 4.1 Natural Environment . . ............................. 14 4.1.1 Climate and Hydrology ......................... 14 4.1.2 Topographical and Lithologic Characters ....... 16 4.1.3 Geological Structure and Earth Quake . . 16 4.2 Ecological Environment .. 16 4.3 The Social Environment ............................ 17 1  4.3.1 Basic Economic Status .......................... 17 4.3.2 Tourism Resources............................. . - 17 4.3.3 Villages and the Social Services Distribution ..................17 4.4 Monitoring and Assessment of the Acoustics Environment ....................19 4.4.1 Assessment Parameter .. ... 19 4.4.2 Noise Background Value of Sensitive Area..... 19 4.4.3 Assessment of Noise Level .................... 20 4.5 Monitoring and Assessment of Air Quality .......... 20 4.5.1 Sampling Positions ........................... . 20 4.5.2 Sampling Frequency ........................... . 21 4.5.3 Method of Monitoring ............. ..... ........ 21 4.5.4 Monitoring Results .. 22 4.5.5 Air Quality Assessment . 23 4.6 Monitoring and Assessment of EcoLogical Environment ........................................ 23 4.6.1 Monitoring and Assessment of Agri-ecological Environment ........................ 23 4.6.2 Vegetation ......................................... 26 4.6.3 Soil Erosion................................ .26 4.7 Monitoring and Assessment of Surface Water Quality ...................,.,_.,.27 5. PREDICTION AND EVALUATION OF TEE ENVIRONMENT QUALITY .............. . ................ 29 5.1 Prediction and Assessment of Air Quality .........29 5.1.1 Prediction Model ... ........ . 29 5.1.2 Calculation of Source Strength . . 33 5.1.3 Environmental Climate Features . .. 37 5.1.4 Prediction Results (only under E-F stability) .. ............ 39 5.1.5 Assessment .............. ... , ,47 5.2 Prediction and Assessment of Traffic Noise......48 5.2.1 Predicting Model . . 48 5.2.2 Determination of Parameters of Prediction Model . ..... 51 5.2.3 Prediction and Assessment of Traffic Noise ....55 2  5.3 The Prediction and Assessment of Surface Water Quality ....... ....... 57 5.3.1 OperationPhase .................................. , 57 5.3.2 ConstructionPhase ............... ........... . .57 5.4 The Impact and Analysis on - Ecological Environment ................... .. 60 5.4.1 Agricultural Enviromnent .................. 60 5.4.2 Soil Erosion .................. ... . 65 5.4.3 Impact Caused by Excavating ................ 69 6. UXSKANALYSIS .................... . ..................... 73 6.1 Factors of Risk ... .. .. . ........................ 73 6.2 Measures of Traffic Accident Control .............. 73 7. COS0!-BKFIT A;MLYSIS CW R E AND ECOKO0 .. ...... e73 7.1 Regional Economic Character and Development Tendency . .................... 74 7.1.1 Regional Economic Character .. 74 7.1.2 The Regional Economic Development Tendency ..... . 76 7.1.3 Traffic Volume and Economic Development. ..76 7.2 Economical Cost-benefit Analysis . . . 77 7.2.1 The Project's Economical Benefits ......... 77 7.2.2 Investment of the Project ................. 78 7.2 .3 EconomyEvaluation ........................ 78 7.3 Analysis of Environment Benefit .................. 78 7.4 Analysis of Social Benefit .... ....... .......... . 79 S. PUBLIC PARICMTIPT0 ............................. o80 8. 1 Social Surveying ......... I ....................... o8 8.2 Public Participation ways . ....................... 80 8.3 Summary of Public Opinions ....................... 81 8.3.1 Summary of Public Hearing Meetings ........ 81 8.3.2 InvestigationResults .. ........ . 81 8.3.3 Visiting to the People Who Have to be Resettled ............ . ...... . .82 9 ENVIROIURThL ANT ID OUTGP ......PLA . .. * .83 9 .1 Environmental Management Objective .... ............ 83 9.2 Environmental Management System . ............. 83 9.2.1 ConstructionStage ........................ 83 3  9.2.2 Operation Stage .......................... . 84 9.3 Environment Training ...................................... . 85 9.4 Mitigation Actions ....... .. ..,....., ... .,.. . . 85 9.5 Hitigative Measures and Recommendation ............ ,89 9.5.1 Preventive Measures during Construction Period ......................... .89 9.5.2 Ecosystem Conservation Measures ........... 90 9.5.3 Measures for Traffic Safety During Construction Stage ............................... . .9 9.5.4 Operation Phase . .................. .91 9.5.5 Recommendations .. ........................... .,. 92 9,6 Monitoring Plan, ................................ 92 9.6.1 Purpose of Monitoring ... ... .. 92 9.6.2 Monitoring Plan ............................ 92 9.6.3 Budget for Environmental Monitoring....... .93 9.7 Cost of Environmental Engineeringr ................ 96 10 COCLUSIONS .. ....... ................... a........... ... 98 Atterached Map 1 Atterached Map 2 Atterached Map 3 Atterached Map 4 4  1 GaNERAL 1.1 Origin and Aims of the EtA The proposed Xiaoshangyuan-Lantian highway project, located between Shangzhou city and Lantian county in the Qinling mountainous area of southeast Shaanxi, is an important segment of the National Road No. 312. It is also a component part of )tt-shaped highway network in Shaanxi. The proposed project has been entered in the list of the major construction projects of 9th Five-year Plan in the province. It has been approved by Shaanxi Provincial Planning Committee on Mar. 27, 1993. Shaanxi Provincial Transportation Department (SPTD) entrusted the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of this project to Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Environmental Protection Sciences (SPIEPS) in May of 1993. The Outline of EIA for the project has been prepared by SPIEPS in July and that was reviewed and approved by China National Environment Protection Agency (NEPA) in November. Considering the road construction impact on environment, the EIA aims at investigating the social and natural environmental status; determining the environmental background values of noise, air, water, soil and vegetation; predicting construction phase and operation phase impact on the environment of concerned area. To put forward mitigative measures and strategy to minimize the adverse effects associated with the project. 1.2 Bases of the ELA - The Environmental Protection Act of P.R. China - Water Pollution Control Act of P.R. China - Land Administration Act of P.R. China - Forestry Act of P.R. China - Air Pollution Control Act of P.R. China - Mineral Products and Its Resources Act of P.R. China 1  - Cultural Relics Protection Act of P.R. China - Regulation of Water and Soil Conservation, the State Council, 1982 - Regulations for Environmental Management of Construction Projects, document No. 003, issued by National Environmental Protection Commission, National Planing Commission and National Economic Commission - Environmental Management Regulations, China Communications Ministry - Document Corpus of Environmental Protection for Projects Loaned by International Financial Organizations, volume 1,2,3 and 4. NEPA, 1992 - Environmental Management Details, document No. 186, issued by Government of Shaanxi Province, 2986 - The Instrument of Ratification on Xiaoshangyuan- Lantian Highway Project, Shaanxi Provincial Planing Com*mission, No.198, 2993 - Entrusting Letter on Preparation of the EIS, No. 057, SPTD, 1993 - Outline of EIA for Xiaoshangyuan-Lantian Highway Project, SPIEPS, 1993 - EIA Guidelines to Highway Construction, China Communications Ministry, Feb. 1993 1.3 Scope and Criterion 2.3.1 Nfoise Along the curbs of proposed highway, the noise effect within 100 meters was assessed against the 4th class standard; and the noise impact on hospitals and schools was evaluated against the 2nd class standard under "Standard of Environment Noise of Urban Area" (GB 3096-93). refer to Table 1-3-1. Table 1-3-1 Noise Standard (LA, db) Class Daytime Night 0 50 40 1 55 45 2 60 50 3 65 55 4 70 55 ------------------------------------------------------------- 2  1.3.2 Air The BIA scope for air is the belt area with a width of 200 meters along the curbs of proposed highway. NO., CO, 502 and TSP were evaluated against the secondary standard under the "Ambient Air Quality Standard" (GB 3095-82); The EIA standards for Lead Dust comes from the "Hygienic Standard for Industrial Enterprise Designing" (TJ- 79). Total Hydrocarbon standard was quoted from the USA. All the standards are listed in Table 1-3-2. Table 1-3-2 Ambient Air Quality Standard of the EIA ------------------------------------------------------------- POLLUTANTS CRITERIA(mg/mN3) ---------------------------------------------------------_ -- TSP 0.30 (24-hours) 1.00 (30-minutes) NOx 0.10 (24-hours) 0.15 (30-minutes) so2 0.15 (24-hours) 0.50 (30-minutes) CO 4.00 (24-hours) 10.00 (30-minutes) TEC 0.16 (3-hours) Lead Dust 0.0007 (24-hours) ------------------------------------___--_--_--------------__ 1.3.3 Natural Ecological Environment (1) Surface Water The secondary class standard under the "Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water" (GB 3838-88) was adopted for evaluating the rivers along the proposed highway. Table 1-3-3 Surface Water Standard (mg/l) pollutants pH Pb BOD5 DO Oil & Grease Criteria 6.8--8.5 5 0.05 < 3 t 6 5 0.05 3  (2) Soil and Crops The EIA scope for natural ecological environment is as same as that for air. The standard for heavy metals in soil is not available. So the criterion of 300 mg/kg which recommended by the previous research was used. The background value in the concerned area is 18.6 mg/Kg. The reference standard of lead in crops and vegetables are: Crop: 0.5-1.0 mg/Kg; Fresh Vegetable: 0.5 mg/Kg; Dried Vegetable: 2.0 mg/Kg. 1.3.4 Social Investigation and Public Participation The public participated in the project in three levels. First, the opinions and suggestions from the local congress and the local political consultative conference were solicited. Second, public investigations were carried out to collect the public opinions. Finally the opinions from social organizations and relevant specialists were solicited by means of some consultations. 1.3.5 Covered Time Period of the EIA According to the requirement of the EIA Guideline to this project, the covered time period is up to 2017. 1.4 Environment Protection Objective According to the project's scale and features, and associated zonal circumstances, it is decided that the environmental protection objective is to maintain the original ecological environment and make sure the environment quality of the concerned area to meet the national environmental requirements. 1.5 Assessment Methods The EIA can be basically divided into two part: present situation assessment and impact predication. Following methods are applied to the major special subjects: - The situation assessment will demonstrate and synthetically analyze the physical, social and 4  ecological environment in the project construction area by means of site surveying, monitoring, data collecting and computing. - The impact predication will mainly forecast and evaluate the adverse effects of the project upon environments by using collected data and computer modelling. - The EZIA will conduct respectively at different sections along the proposed highway, in consideration of different physical and social conditions. 1.6 Assignment The EIA of this project was undertaken by Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Environmental Protection Sciences with Grade A EIA License. The Institute has 20 senior engineers and 50 engineers. They have finished a number of EIA reports of highway construction projects. The EIA work team for this project has rich experiences and information in this field. Shaanxi Environmental Monitoring Central Station was responsible for the environmental monitoring for the EIA. The Central Station has passed the certification test which conducted by the National Environmental Protection Bureau. 5  2. ANALYSIS OF TEE ALTERNATIVES 2.1 Alignment Alternatives ALTERNATIVE 1 (existing road reconstruction) Because of the influence of the topography conditions, longitudinal grade and villages along the road, the existing road can not be used. The new road will be constructed. The beginning point of the new road locates at Xiaoshangyuan connecting the beginning point of the Class II auto-only road from Xiaoshangyuan to Shangzhou city and the ending point locates at Luolicun, east of Lantian county. The reconstruction length will be 51.345 km. ALTERNATIVE 2 (Muhuguan-Lanqiao, the proposed alternative) The alignment begins from Xiaoshangyuan. The starting point (kO+OOO) will connect with the beginning point of the newly built class II auto-only road from Xiaoshangyuan to Shangzhou city. It will cross over Danjiang river and get into Qipanhe valley area. And then goes against the water stream passing the places of Lijiayuan, Qinlingpu, Xiadianzi and Shataizi. Then, it goes through the long tunnel of Lu;shugou-Jiucaigou (1670m). After that, the alignment extends in the stream direction passing the places of Dongmuhu, Xindianzi, Lanqiaoxiang & Donglongtan up to Wangtan. Then the alignment would enter the plain area passing Zhoujinatan and zhangduzhuang cross over Bahe river to the ending point-- Luolicun. The length of the alignment would be 48.282 kilometers. ALTERNATIVE 3 (Niyuhe river-Mitanghe river). The begin;ning point of the alternative would locate at Lijiagelao, south part of Xiaoshangyuan. The alignment will cross over Danjiang river entering Niyuhe valley by passing the places of Miaoyuan, Sanchahe, Nijiataizi, Kangjiahenao, Yanjiayuan, Jinjiaping to Chenjiataizi connecting with Alternative 4 at K32+560. Then, the alignment will follow the Alternative 4. The new road length would be 73.28 kilometers. 6  ALTERNATIVE 4 (Yangxie-Gepai-Wangchuan). The' beginning point would locate at Lijayuan south of' Shangzhou city and the ending point will be the cross road, northwest part of Lantian downtown. The main passing places are Shangzhou city, Machi town, Yangxie town, Linchahekou, Gepai, Chenjiataizi, Caopingjie, Wangchuan and Lantian. The total length of the new alignment would be 96.96 kilometers. Table 2-1-1 Comparison of Alternatives Lantian-Shangzhou Item Unit - - - 1 2 3 4 l.Length of Road Km 85.075 84.533 92.643 96.06 New highway Km 51.345 48.281 73.28 96.96 2.Length of bridge crossing line/ grade Km/% 3.9/5 3.1/5.2 9.2/5.14 9_2/4.9 3.Subgrade KM3 2842 2034.50 4525.466 5987.856 Earth work Km3 806 604.63 969.37 1282.175 Rock work Km 2036 2219.05 3556.429 4705.681 4-Mortar masonry for protective engineering i:3 77350 159602 230212 304605 5.Pavenent RKu 485.21 441.50 659.52 872.64 6.Bridge and culvert Large bridge m/No.700/1 73016 220/1 605/3 Medium bridge m/No.1183/25 1104/20 752/15 804/15 Small bridge i/No.385/20 265.0/13 562/33 632/31 Culvert No. 216 116 300 336 7.Tunnel m/No.2340/7 2470/6 2310/6 2260/7 8.Right-of-way ha 67 56.73 79.3 104.9 2.2 An Environmental ReVieW on the Alternatives Comparing the four alignments, the alternative 2 (Muhuguan- Lanqiao) is superior with a short alignment and short length 7  for new construction. The horizontal and longitudinal data of the most sections is favorable. The work quantity is small with only one tunnel to be constructed. It also makes fully use of the newly constructed Class II Auto-only Highway. Because most of the recommended alternative goes through river banks or mountain foot, therefore, less arable land will be occupied. Consequently, less vegetation/ecosystem will be destroyed. It minimizes the soil erosion. 2.3 Recomendation on Alignment Comparing the advantages and disadvantages, the alternative 2 is recommended. Thus, the EIS will focus on alternative 2. The alignment of the 4 alternatives are illustrated in Figure 1. 8  3. SURVEY OF THE PROJECT 3.1 Project Significance The highway traffic has been growing rapidly in Shangluo Prefecture with the economic development in the past decade. According to the OD investigation, the average annual mixed traffic in 1990 reached 3,620 vpd and 4,790 vpd respectively. And the saturation level was 1.80 and 2.40. The existing traffic exceeds the designed capacity greatly. The existing highway is far behind the increasingly growing needs. Therefore, it is absolutely necessary to built the Xiaoshangyuan-Laltian Highway. The proposed highway is a component part of National Road No. 312 from Shanghai to Yining and a shortcut connecting developed Southeast China and Northwest China. It will play a very important part in the economic interconnection between above areas and promoting the market economy in Northwest China after its completion. 3.2 Alignment and Main Control Points The recommended route alignment starts from Xiaoshangyuan,- west of Shangzhou city, via Heilongkou, Muhugan, Lanqiao and passing by the site of Xiangang Company, then ends at loulicun of Lantian. The alignment and its location illustrated in attached map 2. 3.3 Construction Scale and Technical Standard The forecast traffic volume of the proposed highway are described in Table 3-3-1, and the vehicle types presented TabLe 3-3-2. Table 3-3-1 Forecast of Auto Traffic Volume (vpd) -_ --____ -_ _-____--_ -- -_-------- Year 2000 2005 2010 2015 2017 2020 Traffic 2464 3269 4891 6434 7033 8037 * Equal to medium truck 9  Table 3-3-2 The Percentage of Different Vehicles (%) Type SPV LIMPV SFV 14V ILEV Trailer 21.2 17.3 6.8 51.9 2.8 1.8 sPv-small passenger vebicle LMPV-large & medium passenger vehicle sFV-small freight vehicle xrv-medium freight vehicle LWV-Large freight vehicle The proposed highway will be built to class II auto-only highway with a designed speed of 40 km/h and a subgrade width of lrm. The construction length will be 48.28km in which 43.003m will be built in mountsin area and 5.28km will be build in light rolling area, includes 26 bridges (1,834 m long) and tunnels (2470 m/6). The main construction indices presented in Table 3-3-3. table 3-3-_I Main Techn:ical Indices of Class-I1 Auto-only Highway Indices Items Unit level/light mountainous/heavy rolling rolling Eighway classification Class-II Auto-only Highway Design speed Rm/h 80 40 Design traffic volume vpd 7000 7000 Width of subgrade m 11 9 Width of carriageway m 10 8 Minimum radius of horizontal curve m 770 60 Stopping sight distance m 110 40 Max longitudinal grade % 3 6.5 Design load Truck-20 , Trailer-100 Width of bridge deck m 9+2-1.5 8+2 1.5 Net width of tunnel m 10.5+2-1 9+2*1 10  3.4 Land Requisition and Resettlement (1) Land Requisition A total of 121.4 ha. land will be in requisition, in which arable land: 53.2 ha. non-arable land: 68.2 ha. The specific composition of land is listed in table 3-4-3. Table 3-3-4 Land Composition (ha.) Land Type Land Area Land Type Land Area dry land 26.40 mountain slop 12.79 irrigated farmland 6.00 flood land 6.53 rice land 1.47 residential plots 0.60 young growth orchard 0.47 thinning young growth . 6.58 (2) Resettlement 102 families, including 459 person need to be resettled. 568 houses will be put down, in which brick/concrete structure: 1290 d/67 unit, civil structure: 8891 m5/501 unit. The main sections associated with resettlement are: Reilongkou (KO+000-K15+600): 7009 m2/394 unit Lanqiao (121+745-K37+450): 2175 nW/116 unit Puhua (k37+450-K40+950): 648 z2/36 unit 3.5 Selection of the ETA Factors Depending on the characteristics of highway construction, the impacts on environment can be described as short-term or long-tenm, depending on whether they are associated with the construction or post-construction phase of a project. 3.5.1 Constnrction Phase --- Noise and dust from the construction equipments and transportation; --- Degradation of the original ecosystem caused by excavating earth and stone; --- Sewage and wastewater from the construction site; Road construction impact on. the separation of villages; Bridges obstructing surface water; and --- construction material transportation impact on existing traffic. 11  3.5.2 Operation Phase Traffic Noise; -- Exhaust gas from vehicle impact on the atmosphere; -- Lead in exhaust gas impact on the soil plantation, and water environment; --- Soil erosion; and --- Risk accident impact on the environment; and --- Social and economical environment. 3.5.3 Determination of ZIA Factors The EIA factors are determined depending on to table 3-5-1. Table 3-5-1 Determination of 3IA Factors construction operation Factor phase phase Vegetation 1 3 Ecological Land 1 Environment Soil quality 2 Crops 3 - 2 Soil erosion 1 3 Dust 1 3 NOx 3 1 co 3 1 Air Pb 2 TSP 3 2 TEC 3 1 S02 3 floise 1 1 Surface hydrology 1 3 water water quality 3 3 Social economy 2 1 Risk accident water 1 air 2 Note: 1-significant impact; 2-impact; 3-slightly impact The main assessment factors of proposed project are: (1) Ecological environment; (2) Air quality and vehicle exhaust gas, construction dust; (3) Construction noise and traffic noise; (4) Surface water; 12  (5) Risk analysis; and (6) Social environment and economic benefit. 3.6 Investment and Time Schedule A total investment of RMB yuan 353.07 million is planned to use in the project. China Ministry of Communications will subsidize part of the fund and about US dollar 16 million will be raised from the loan of World Bank. The others will be raised by the local governments. The construction would be commenced in the year of 1996 and completed in 1998 with a duration of 2.5 years. A total of 3,219.14 thousand work days are needed. 13  4. SURVEY AND. ASSESSNENT OF EYIWINOENETL QUALITY SITUAflON 4 .1 Natural Environment 4.1.1 Climate and Hydrology It is continental climate. There are four distinct seasons in the assessment area. The major meteorological data are presented in Table 4-1-1: Table 4-1-1 Xeteorological Data of Assessment Area LANTIAN Parameter Unit - ------- Jan. Apr. Jul. Oct. Mean Air pressure hpa 962.4 952 943.5 958.5 954.5 Mean temperature c -1.2 13.9 26.3 13.7 13.0 Mean max. temp. 'C 4.4 20.5 31.7 19.6 18.9 Mean mii. temp.