India - National Agricultural Extension Project

Documrnt of The World Bank FOR OFCaAL USE ONLY Repq No. 136tC( PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT INDIA NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION PROJECT (CREDIT 1523-IN) NOVEMBER 10, 1994 Agricultural Operations Division Country Department II South Asia Regional Office This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization.  PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT INDIA NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION PROJECT (Credit 1523-IN) CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS Name of currency = Indian Rupee (Rs.) Currency Exchange Rates: Appraisal Year Average (1984): US$1.00 = Rs.11.36 Intervening Year Average (1985-92): US$1.00 = Rs.16.78 Completion Year Average (1993):* US$1.00 = Rs.29.25 * Average of January to May 1993 FISCAL YEAR April 1 to March 31 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES Metric System ABBREVIATIONS AEO Agricultural Extension Officer AAO Assistant Agricultural Officer CF Contact Farmers DCA Development Credit Agreement DOA Department of Agricultural DOE Directorate of Extension (of Ministry of Agriculture) FG Farmer Groups FAO/CP Food and Agriculture Organization/World Bank Cooperative Program FSC Farmer Service Centers GOI Government of India MANAGE Management of Agricultural Extension M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MOA Ministry of Agriculture NAEP National Agricultural Extension Project NDO New Delhi Office (of the World Bank) SAR Staff Appraisal Report SAU State Agricultural University SDR Special Drawing Right SMS Subject Matter Specialist T&V Training and Visit VEW Village Extension Worker WB World Bank  FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY THE WORLD BANK WasNngton, D.C. 20433 U.S.A. Office of Director-General Operaton. Evaluaton November 10, 1994 MEMOIRANDUM TO THE EXECUTIVEDIRECTORS AND THE PRESIDEN SUBJECT: Project Completion Report on India National Agricultural Extension Project (Credit 1523-IN) Attached is the Project Completion Report on India-National Agricultural Extension Project (Credit 1523-IN) prepared by the South Asia Regional Office. The Borrower did not provide Part HI. The project was extended three times and closed in 1993, the same closing year as the National Agricultural Extension Project II (Cr. 1569). The project was to strengthen the T&V extension system previously introduced in Madhya Pradesh, Orissa and Rajasthan, to improve the capacity of central agencies to provide training and guidance to the states, and to finance special studies. Similar activities were also implemented in the state of Uttar Pradesh with savings from changes in local currency value. Project outcome is mixed. The project did help broaden the scope of extension advice to non-grain crops. Many physical targets were achieved, with housing construction for village workers the major exception. The capabilities of the central extension and training agencies improved, and studies were completed. However, difficulties occurred with meeting-and maintaining-expected staffing levels, achieving the skill levels expected of subject matter specialists, and preventing training and field visits from becoming routine occurrences with limited usefulness. Studies were completed too late to influence this or the second project. This experience confirms the findings of previous audits and a recent study (Report No. 13000) by OED. The PCR calls for a change in strategy, with more attention to farming systems, to the needs of women and other disadvantaged farmers, and to participation of farmers in extension processes and feedback to research. The same points had been raised in the SAR of the project reviewed, but not specifically addressed in its implementation strategy. Overall, the project outcome is rated as marginally satisfactory, institutional development as substantial and sustainability as uncertain. The PCR provides a detailed review of project implementation. No audit is planned. Attachment This documen has a restricted dstribuon and may be used by redpients only In the performance of their officil dutes Its contents may not otherwise be disdosed without World Bank authorization.   FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT INDIA NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION PROJECT (Credit 1523-IN) TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE .................. i EVALUATION SUMMARY .................. iii PART I PROJECT REVIEW FROM BANK'S PERSPECTIVE ...................................1 1. Project Identity. 1 2. Background. 1 3. Project Objectives and Description .2 4. Project Design and Organization. 3 5. Project Implementation. 4 6. Project Results. 7 7. Project Sustainability. 8 8. Bank Performance. 9 9. Lessons of Experience. 9 10. Borrower Performance .................. 1 0 11. Project Relationships .................. I 1 12. Consulting Services ................... 11 13. Project Documentation .............................................................................1 PART II PROJECT REVIEW FROM BORROWER'S PERSPECTIVE (not received) ........... This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by rocipients only in fth performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization.  PART m STATISTICAL INFORMATION .......................... 12 1 . Related Bank Loans and Credits ..12 2. Project Timetable .12 3. Crdit Disbursements ..13 4. Project Implementation.. 14 5. Project Costs and Financing.. 24 A. Project Costs. 24 B. Project Financing. 25 6. Project Results ..25 A. Direct Benefits. 25 B. Economic Impact. 25 7. Status of Covenants.. 27 8. Use of Bank Resources ..27 A. Staff Inputs. 27 B. Missions. 28 C. Costs .29 ANNEX 1: Trends in Crop Productivity and Production Table 1 Madhya Pradesh. 30 Table 2 Orissa. 31 Table 3 Rajasthan .32  i PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT INDIA NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION PROJECT (Credit 1523-IN) PREFACE This is the Project Completion Report (PCR) for the National Agricultural Extension Project in India, for which an IDA Credit of SDR 38.6 million (Credit 1523-IN) was approved in October 1984. The Credit became effective in April 1985 and closed on March 31, 1993, three years behind schedule. SDR 6.0 million was cancelled on December 5, 1991 during the funds redeployment exercise. Final disbursement on the credit was made on July 13, 1993 and the revised credit amount of SDR 32.6 million (84 percent of the original Credit amount) was fully disbursed. The Preface, Evaluation Summary, and Parts I and III of the PCR was prepared by a Food and Agriculture Organization/World Bank Cooperative Program (FAO/CP) mission that visited India in July 1993. Borrower's Part II has not yet been received. The PCR (Parts I and III) is based, inter alia, on a review of the Staff Appraisal Report (SAR), the Legal Documents, supervision reports, correspondence between the World Bank (WB) and the Borrower and implementing agencies, internal Bank memoranda, documentation provided by the implementing agencies, field visits to selected project sites, and discussions with selected project farmers, project staff of the Government of India and participating States, and Bank staff at Headquarters and in New Delhi who had been associated with the project.   iii PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT INDIA NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION PROJECT (Credit 1523-IN) EVALUATION SUMMARY Objectives 1. The project was approved to initiate the implementation of second phase activities that would further strengthen and deepen the extension effort. It was designed to: (a) strengthen the reorganized agricultural extension system introduced in Madhya Pradesh, Orissa and Rajasthan under earlier IDA Credits; (b) reorganize and strengthen the Extension Division and the Directorate of Extension (DOE) of the Ministry of Agriculture (MOA), Government of India (GOI), in order to increase their ability to support state agricultural extension programs and to perform their coordinating and policy guidance role throughout India; and (c) assist DOE in the financing of special studies and special sub-projects, and the supervision, monitoring and evaluation of said activities. The project was intended to focus on several specific objectives in improving the states' extension services: administrative consolidation of reformed extension services, consolidation of extension infrastructure, improvement in the quality of extension operations, viz., broadening and deepening of extension coverage and strengthening linkages between extension and research. 2. The project was expected to cost US$65.6 million (Rs. 721.5 million) over a period of five years, with SDR 38.6 million (US$39.1 million equivalent in 1984) being financed by IDA and the balance of US$26.5 million being contributed by GOI and the participating State Governments. The project cost included provision for incremental staff salaries, operating costs, civil works, vehicles, equipment, training, and funds for special studies and sub-projects. Implementation Experience 3. The project was implemented between 1985 and 1993, and the original closing date (March 31, 1990) was extended three times by a period of one year each, to March 31, 1993. Project implementation was constrained by insufficient budgetary provisions by GOI and State Governments of Madhya Pradesh and Orissa. Progress of physical implementation was slow over the first four years, as evidenced by the total disbursement, in SDR terms, of only 13 percent of the Credit by June 30, 1989. However, the pace of disbursements improved after the first extension of the Credit closing date in 1991. 4. With the exception of Rajasthan, there were some shortfalls in achieving the planned physical targets, including the recruitment of incremental staff, some aspects of the staff training program (specialized courses, study tours, and overseas training), and construction of field staff houses. The shortfalls in reaching incremental staffing targets arose partly from a somewhat intransigent attitude toward staffing issues at the level of the concerned State Governments, and partly from budgetary constraints confronting the Governments of Madhya Pradesh, Orissa and GOI. There were two notable changes in physical implementation as compared to the SAR plan. One was the modification of planned civil works and the other was the inclusion of an additional State component to reorganize extension services in 30 plain districts of Uttar Pradesh. The original civil works plan to construct 5,100 houses for village extension workers (VEWs) and 664  iv houses for Agricultural Extension Officers/Assistant Agricultural Officers (AEOs/AAOs) proved difficult to implement, partly because of the difficulties of acquiring suitable land in work areas and partly because the preference of staff to rent accommodation was not taken when the project was planned. Only 1,069 houses (mostly in Rajasthan) for VEWs and 103 for AEOs/AAOs were constructed. The plan was revised to construct additional training facilities. An innovative feature was the inclusion of the Uttar Pradesh (30 plain districts) component which was possible due to substantial savings arising from the devaluation of the Rupee vis-e-vis the US Dollar, and the latter in relation to the SDR values starting around 1988/89. The savings were utilized for financing the initial implementation of the Uttar Pradesh (30 plain districts) component, which is still being funded under the ongoing National Agricultural Extension Project (NAEP) HI. 5. The quality of national and regional training organized by DOE was good and exceeded the SAR target. The project support for setting up infrastructure for the National Institute for Management of Agricultural Extension (MANAGE) has led to the development of MANAGE as a national institute providing effective extension management training to senior and middle level functionaries of the Departments of Agriculture in various states. Also, DOE's involvement in the introduction of revised monitoring and evaluation (M&E) methodology and initiating computerization in extension management proved valuable. 6. As regards research-extension linkages, there has been improvement over the pre- project situation in all three States. However, interaction with research has tended to be routine due to the poor quality of Subject Matter Specialists' (SMSs) support and the response of State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) and research stations to feedback on farmers' problems; in terms of providing relevant solutions this has not always been effective. 7. At completion, actual project costs were US$83 million (Rs. 1,580 million) exceeding the SAR estimate by US$18 million (27 percent) or Rs. 859 million (119 percent). The increase in actual project costs in Indian Rupees and US Dollar terrns was primarily attributed to the expansion of the project scope. Results 8. Despite some delays and shortfalls in meeting the SAR targets the project overall has achieved much in terms of developing both extension infrastructure and institutions as planned at appraisal, and strengthening the T&V system of agricultural extension services throughout the participating States. It has also contributed substantially to improving the quality of GOI support to State extension efforts by building up DOE capacity. Another notable achievement of the project has been its contribution to the establishment of a strengthened infrastructure for national and regional level training of extension personnel (in addition to support for MANAGE, the project provided for the strengthening of two out of four regional extension education institutes). An unforeseen benefit of the project, a result of credit savings, was the addition of 30 plain districts in Uttar Pradesh to cover some additional 50-60 million people. 9. The project's impact on agricultural production is difficult to quantify. M&E data available from the project States are insufficient to shed any meaningful light on impact assessment of project investment. However, state-wise crop statistics for the past ten years indicate, in general, a rising trend in crop production; an increase in oilseed production is noticeable in all three States. Much of these gains can be attributed to the increased use of modern inputs and adoption of improved technology, both of which seem to have largely emanated from the better guidance available to the farming community through strengthened extension services. While, therefore, no conclusive evidence can be produced as it is difficult to disaggregate the incremental production benefits of extension from other influencing factors, it is apparent that project impact on  v improving agricultural production has been positive and significant. As for the economic benefits of the project, the SAR, following general Bank practice for agricultural extension projects, did not undertake an economic analysis of the project. For the same reason, no economic re-evaluation has been undertaken at project completion. Sustainability 10. The sustainability of the project-established extension services in the three project States will, to a great extent, depend on the availability of adequate State government budgetary support for the extension services. This, in turn, will need to be justified by increased efficiency and relevance of agricultural technology generation for dissemination to farmers, leading to a raising of productivity, incomes and living standards. The sustainability of DOE strengthened under the project will depend on how successful it continues to be in advising state extension services to become accountable to the ultimate clients -- the farmers. To that end, the DOE may have to acquire newer skills and appropriately adjust its organizational structure. Findings and Lessons Learned 11. Under the project, considerable expansion of extension from a mainly cereal crop focus to one that includes oilseeds, vegetables, fruits and, to a limited extent, agro-forestry, has taken place. Overall, however, the coverage of extension systems in the three project States has not broadened and deepened at the rate expected. Continued efforts are also called for to further improve the quality of agricultural extension operations. In order, therefore, to fully benefit from the consolidation of extension services that has already taken place, future support for further improvement should be directed to updating and improving technical capabilities of SMSs and field staff, strengthening research-extension linkages, encouraging farmers' participation in extension management, augmenting support for mass media in communication of extension messages, and promoting farming systems approaches and improving coverage of production activities of rural women and other underprivileged members of the farming population. 12. The performance of the DOE and the State Department of Agriculture in Rajasthan under the project has been particularly noticeable. The experience of Rajasthan shows that the T&V model provides a good base for a public sector extension service where management commitment and capacity are consistently reasonable. 13. Other lessons of experience are summarized in paras. 8.3 and 9.2 of Part I.   I PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT INDIA NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION PROJECT (Credit 1523-IN) PART I. PROJECT REVIEW FROM BANK'S PERSPECTIVE 1. Project Identity Project Name National Agricultural Extension Project Credit No. 1523-IN RVP Unit South Asia Country India Sector Agriculture Subsector Agricultural Support Services 2. Background 2.1 Agriculture has always been the dominant sector of the Indian economy. The successive development plans of the Government of India (GOI) since the country's independence have assigned priority to increasing agricultural growth, alleviating poverty and creating employment in rural areas. 2.2 The Bank's agricultural program in India for about fifteen years, since the late 1960s, has had the objective of assisting the country to achieve self-sufficiency in foodgrains and to increase farm incomes in an equitable manner. During this period, the Bank became actively involved in some 60 agricultural projects representing large investments in infrastructure and expanded agricultural services. Improving agricultural extension services was recognized as one of the main relatively low-cost means of increasing agricultural productivity, of making more effective use of past infrastructure investments and of reaching all farmers, particularly the smaller ones. Some twelve IDA Credits were therefore approved during the above period to assist thirteen Indian states to introduce improved agricultural extension services by adopting what is generally known as the "training and visit" (T&V) system, and to strengthen the Directorate of Extension (DOE) of GOI's Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) to improve its ability to assist state extension efforts. 2.3 While the overall experience of the above assistance in helping to establish more professional extension services and broadening their coverage of the farming population was positive, it was recognized that considerable scope still remained for improving the design of the agricultural extension system and its effectiveness. The National Agricultural Extension Project (NAEP I, Credit 1523-lN) was, therefore, approved in October 1984 to initiate the implementation of second phase activities that would further strengthen and deepen the extension effort. NAEP I was followed by NAEP II (Credit 1569-IN) which also closed simultaneously with NAEP I at the end of March 1993, and the ongoing NAEP m (Credit 1754-IN). NAEP I was the thirteenth in the series of fifteen IDA-assisted agricultural extension projects approved to date by the Bank.  2 3. Project Objectives and Description 3.1 The specific objectives of NAEP I were to: (a) help consolidate administrative changes brought about by the introduction of the improved extension system under earlier state projects; (b) further develop the infrastructure (staff, buildings, vehicles, equipment and training facilities) required for effective extension and provide resources for continued professional development of extension personnel; (c) improve the quality of extension operations; (d) broaden and deepen the coverage of the extension services; and (e) strengthen linkages between extension and research. In furtherance of these objectives, the project provided for continuing assistance initiated under earlier Credits to three States (Madhya Pradesh, Orissa and Rajasthan) in the improvement of state agricultural extension services; in the reorganization and strengthening of MOA's Extension Division and the DOE in order to increase their ability to support more effectively state agricultural extension programs and to perform more effectively their coordinating and policy guidance role throughout India; and funds to assist in the financing of projects for extension reform, special studies and special subprojects, and the supervision, monitoring and evaluation of the said activities. The project components, as agreed at negotiations, included the following. (a) Strengthening of the reformed State Extension Services: (i) provision of 1,807 incremental staff including field staff, subject matter specialists (SMS), supervisory personnel and support staff (358 Madhya Pradesh, 321 Orissa, and 1,128 Rajasthan); (ii) provision of buildings including 5,985 staff houses (978 Madhya Pradesh, 3,457 Orissa, and 1,550 Rajasthan) and 147 other extension-related facilities (11 Madhya Pradesh, 90 Orissa and 46 Rajasthan); (iii) provision of additional vehicles including one audiovisual van in Madhya Pradesh, 186 cars and jeeps (53 Madhya Pradesh, 40 Orissa, and 93 Rajasthan), 1,200 motorcycles (700 Madhya Pradesh, 300 Orissa, and 200 Rajasthan), and 3,450 bicycles (2,000 Madhya Pradesh; 750 Orissa, and 700 Rajasthan); (iv) provision of equipment including audio-visual aids and office furniture needed for expanded extension activities and increased training; (v) provision of incremental operating expenses to cover the costs of publicity, training and demonstration materials, housing and travel allowances, and vehicle operation; and (vi) provision of funds for strengthening the monitoring and evaluation (M&E) activities including establishment of a M&E unit in Orissa. (b) Strengthening of MOA/DOE: provision of funds for 68 incremental staff (19 for MOA Extension Division and 49 for DOE), a new building to house all units of DOE and office furniture, three vehicles, office equipment, incremental operating costs and staff training including overseas training and All-India/Regional Training. (c) Special Subprojects and Special Studies: (i) establishment of a US$5.0 million fund to finance special short-term subprojects prepared by states receiving IDA support for strengthening of agricultural extension and for activities specifically required to strengthen special aspects of agricultural extension; and (ii) provision of a discretionary fund to be used by MOA Extension Division, DOE or states for the financing of consultants or other forms of assistance required for the preparation of future state subprojects, special subprojects, project completion reports, sector studies and related  3 activities which would assist in the implementation of NAEP I or other IDA- assisted agricultural extension projects. 3.2 Total project costs, over a five-year period, were estimated at US$65.6 million (Rs. 721.5 million) of which civil works, vehicles and equipment accounted for about 51 percent. The IDA-approved Credit of SDR 38.6 million (US$39.1 equivalent) was to fund 59.6 percent of costs, while GOI and the State Governments were expected to contribute the balance of 40.4 percent. 4. Project Design and Organization 4.1 The project was prepared by DOE and the agricultural departments of participating State Governments during 1982 to 1983. Two Bank missions which visited India in February and July 1983 assisted the project preparation process.1 As a result of reviews by these missions as well as the subsequent Bank appraisal mission which visited India in December 1983, the original GOI proposals2 were substantially scaled down in terrns of both total costs as well as the number of states to be covered. The project coverage and concept were modified to be in line with the Composite Agricultural Extension Project (Credit 862-IN), except that the project included centrally-managed special funds for financing special subprojects and studies. The project concept was clear and it was shared and understood by both IDA and GOI/State Governments. 4.2 Given the strong commitment of GOI and State Governments to the reorganization of the state extension systems on a national scale, the scope of the project, as appraised, was generally appropriate. Timing of the project, with the exception of the Madhya Pradesh component (see para. 4.3), was also appropriate in the light of GOI and State Government requirements to consolidate the gains under the IDA-assisted projects. Implementation followed similar arrangements introduced by the respective preceding projects for each participating state and DOE components. Roles and responsibilities of the implementing agencies (State agricultural department and MOA/DOE), except in respect to pursuing the objectives of broadening and deepening extension coverage (para. 4.3), were clearly defined and well understood. 4.3 However, in retrospect, it would appear that the housing program funded by the project was over-ambitious, as the difficulties of acquiring suitable sites for construction of houses for village extension workers (VEWs) and agricultural extension officers (AEOs), as well as the preference of the staff, particularly in Madhya Pradesh and Orissa, to rent accommodation, were underestimated. Also, the acquisition of a suitable site for the new DOE building prior to project implementation should have been insisted. In addition, the Madhya Pradesh component, which was to be implemented in 15 districts covered by the Madhya Pradesh Agricultural Extension and Research Project (Credit 712-IN) and also in the remaining 30 districts in the State covered by the Madhya Pradesh Agricultural Extension Phase II Project (Credit 1138-IN), and which was foreseen to overlap with the latter project (Credit 11 38-IN) by about two years (actual overlap was by over four years), proved difficult to implement due to the additional financial burden of implementing two projects simultaneously. A better alternative would have been to include this component under a subsequent project. Another shortcoming of project design was the failure to clearly chart out a plan of action and provide implementation guidelines to promote the broadening A significant input of 50 staff-weeks was provided by IDA to assist project preparation. 2 The proposals were to cover 9 new states and union territories and 14 second-phase states with estimated costs of US$273 million in total.  4 and deepening of coveragel of the extension system, although it was known that the state agricultural departments as well as the DOE had little in-house experience and skills to design, plan and implement the needed inter-agency coordination measures. Consequently, the roles and responsibilities of departments such as animal husbandry, horticulture, forestry, irrigation, etc., in broadening and deepening the extension coverage, were not clearly defined and understood. 5. Project Implementation 5.1 Credit Effectiveness. The IDA Credit was approved in October 1984, became effective in April 1985, and was closed on March 31, 1993, after three extensions for a total period of three years. 5.2 Credit Disbursement. Disbursement of the Credit lagged well behind the SAR estimate throughout the originally planned project implementation period. However, the pace of disbursements improved after the first extension of the Credit closing date in 1991. The poor disbursement performance was largely due to the fact that project implementation was constrained by insufficient budgetary provisions by GOI and also the State governments with the exception of Rajasthan. Progress on physical targets was slow over the first four project years, as evidenced by the total disbursement in SDR terms of only 13 percent of the Credit by June 30, 1989. In December 1991, SDR 6.0 million was canceled from the credit as part of the India-wide funds redeployment exercise. Final disbursement from the Credit was made on July 13, 1993 and the revised credit amount of SDR 32.6 million (84.5 percent of the original Credit) was fully disbursed. 5.3 Project Costs. Actual project costs at completion were Rs. 1,580 million (US$83 million). Compared to the SAR estimate, the actual costs were higher by Rs. 859 million (119 percent) or US$18 million (27 percent). The increase in actual project cost in Indian Rupees and US Dollars, which was possible because of substantial devaluation of the rupee and the US Dollar in relation to SDR values (starting around 1988/89),2 was primarily devoted to expansion of the project scope, as explained below. 5.4 Restructuring of NAEP I. The most critical variance between planned and actual project implementation arose from the restructuring of the project to expand its scope in order to utilize the substantial savings arising from the devaluation of the Rupee vis-a-vis the US Dollar and of the latter in relation to SDR values starting around 1988/89. Such savings also arose under NAEP II and Ill. In all, by March 1990, savings of about SDR 36.6 million equivalent resulted from the three NAEP Credits. In order to utilize these savings, GOI requested the Bank to include an additional component for reorganization of extension services in 30 plain districts in the State of Uttar Pradesh. The Bank's New Delhi office responded to this request positively and quickly by vigorously pursuing the matter with GOI and the Government of Uttar Pradesh, and by getting the DOE involved to appraise the Uttar Pradesh component. Accordingly, the relevant Credit agreements were amended to allow channelling of the savings into the respective special sub- project fund categories for use under the Uttar Pradesh (30 plain districts) component. Savings 1 Broadening of the technical subjects covered under agricultural extension to include, inter alia, land use, soil management, water management, drainage, horticulture and farm forestry; and deepening of coverage of the extension services by dealing with the agricultural production activities of women, rural youth, very small farmers, tenants and sharecroppers, and with tribal and hill populations. 2 US$1.00 = Rs11.0 in 1984 and Rs25.9 in 1992; SDR 1 =US$1.02 in 1984 and US$1.40 in 1992.  5 under NAEP I have been utilized to finance the first three years' implementation of the Uttar Pradesh component, which is still in progress with funding from NAEP III. The implementation has been slightly behind schedule mainly due to the delayed start-up. Physical achievements of this component have been satisfactory as shown in Part 114-E. 5.5 Institutional and Staff Development. Recruitment of incremental staff 1 progressed satisfactorily in Rajasthan. In total, 1,153 new staff (102 percent) against the SAR target of 1,128 were recruited. The majority of these were field level staff (see Part IIJ/4-Cl). The State Governments of Madhya Pradesh and Orissa, as well as the MOAI DOE, did not achieve the SAR incremental staffing targets. Their overall achievements were: Madhya Pradesh 255 (71 percent) against 358; Orissa 269 (84 percent) against 321; and MOA/DOE 33 (49 percent) against 68. These shortfalls resulted partly from a somewhat intransigent attitude on staffing issues at the level of concerned State Governments and partly from budgetary constraints confronting the concerned State governments and GOI. Overall, however, the project recruited 1,710 incremental staff or 91 prcent of the planned 1,875. 5.6 The staff training generally associated with the T&V system -- monthly extension/research workshops, fortnightly training sessions, and orientation courses for VEWs/AEOs, etc. -- proceeded according to schedule, but the courses appeared to have become somewhat ritualistic largely due to the repetitive nature and content of technical information used in these sessions. However, the quality of training imparted to VEWs and AEOs through specialized courses, refresher courses and study tours was satisfactory, although this program suffered, particularly in Orissa and Madhya Pradesh, mainly due to administrative problems such as non- clearance of backlog of travel expenses and inadequate provision for travel and per diem allowances for lower level staff. All India/regional training organized by DOE has been of better quality and also exceeded the SAR target. The participating States' extension staff invariably commended the DOE's performance. However, DOE's overseas training had a major shortfall due to the Gors restriction on overseas training/visits. 5.7 Civil Works. The main difficulty in implementing the civil works program was in the construction of VEW and AEO houses and the DOE headquarters building. As mentioned in para 4.3, this was due to inadequate confirmation of site availability at the time of project preparation as well as due note not being taken of the preference of lower level extension staff to rent accommodation. As against the SAR target of 664 houses for AEOs/AAOs, only 103 were actually built. The original plan was to construct 5,100 VEW houses: 3,000 in Orissa, 1,300 in Rajasthan and 800 in Madhya Pradesh. However, only 1,069 (mostly in Rajasthan) actually were constructed. Consequently, the plan was revised to construct additional training facilities. Orissa constructed 153 block level training halls, Madhya Pradesh, one state level training center and 430 block training halls, and Rajasthan, 16 district level training halls. 5.8 The construction of the DOE headquarters building did not start until 1991 because of the difficulty in establishing title to, and acquiring, the site originally planned. The size of building also had to be reduced from the planned three storeys to two storeys because of regulations in the area which prohibited construction of a three-storey building. The construction was finally completed in 1993. 5.9 Vehicles and Equipment. Procurement of cars and 4-wheel drive vehicles exceeded the SAR targets in all the three States (a total of 308 against the planned 186 vehicles). The increased number of vehicles was procured mainly for replacement of old vehicles under the 1 Incremental staff includes redeployed Government staff. Exact numbers of redeployed Government staff are not known as the relevant data were not maintained.  6 previous projects. This was necessary because the project implementation period was extended from the planned five years to eight years. Bicycles and motorcycles/mopeds for VEWs/AEOs were procured almost as planned except in Orissa where instead of bicycles more motorcycles were procured. Equipment procured under the project included office furniture, audio-visual equipment, and VEW kits. The bulk of equipment procurement took place after 1990 because of delays in construction of the project buildings. 5.10 Special Subprojects and Special Studies. The special subproject fund was used to finance two broad categories of activities, viz.: (a) activities that sought to augment extension services across states (central sector subprojects); and (b) activities that strengthened state-specific extension systems (centrally-sponsored subprojects). Altogether 18 subprojects were implemented using this fund. The most notable contribution under the central sector subprojects was the establishment of the National Institute for Management of Agricultural Extension (MANAGE) and the strengthening of two out of four regional extension education institutes.1 The support for MANAGE infrastructure provided under the project has led to the development of MANAGE as a national institute providing effective management training to senior and middle level functionaries from the State Departments of Agriculture and State Agricultural Universities, whereas the two regional institutes are providing extension and communications training to middle and lower level functionaries from southern and western Indian states. Also, under a central sector subproject, communications equipment was procured for the oilseeds production program. The centrally-sponsored subprojects focused on strengthening training facilities and audio-visual support for extension services in eight selected states. 5.11 The discretionary fund for special studies was used to finance 15 special studies by various local institutes and governmental agencies. As can be seen in the list of special studies (Part IIV16-D), several of the studies commissioned were not directly related to extension activities. Given that most of the state extension services had neither the experience nor the in-house skills to design, plan and implement the key activity of broadening and deepening their extension coverage (see para. 4.3), the fund could have been better utilized to support the participating States in developing the methodology for implementation of this important project objective. 5.12 Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E). The project supported the establishment of an M&E unit in the Directorate of Agriculture and Food Production (DAFP) in Orissa, since the Farm Management Data unit of Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, which was to undertake M&E work under the previous project (Credit 681-IN) did not serve the purpose intended for the state extension service. The new unit assembled a considerable amount of useful information. However, there have been long delays in processing and publishing the data. The M&E reports have tended to be repetitive following the M&E manual each season. Although most of the planned M&E staff (81) at appraisal were appointed in the early stages of project implementation, only 46 were retained at the time of completion. The post of Joint Director (M&E) has been vacant since 1991. The unit appears to have remained in the periphery with little government support As against this position, the project support for strengthening the existing M&E units in the other two States in terms of staffing and staff training proceeded as planned in the SAR. Also, DOE's involvement in the introduction of revised M&E methodology and initiating computerization in extension management proved valuable. 5.13 Modification of T&V System. There were some modifications in the T&V system originally established in Rajasthan. The Department of Agriculture (DOA) in Rajasthan, Under the project, extension education institutes at Rajendra Nagar (Andhra Pradesh) and Anand (Gujarat) were strengthened.  7 realized that it was not practical to expect contact farmers (CF) to disseminate all the information in the context of agrarian relations prevailing in rural Rajasthan. Subsequently in 1992, farmer groups (FG) were mobilized in each village. The DOA convened organizational/management training for the executive members of the FGs. On the designated days, the VEW trained the group and transmitted extension impact messages to the FG. In addition, Farmer Service Centers (FSC) have been established at VEW Circle Headquarters. The VEW is available for consultation at FSC on Mondays and Thursdays. The frequency of regular training programs has been reduced recently: "Fortnightly Training" for VEWs/AEOs reduced to once a month and monthly workshops for SMSs with master trainers to once every two months. One main factor for this reduction seems to be the need to avoid the repetition of technical information used in these sessions 5.14 Research-Extension Linkage. In order to strengthen ties between research and extension, each participating State conducted SMS monthly workshops; held zonal research- extension advisory committee meetings; and diagnostic visits were made by research scientists, together with extension staff. Through these activities, the research-extension linkage process has been substantially streamlined and, in this respect, there has been much improvement over the pre- project situation in the respective states. However, interaction with research has tended to be routinized. One main constraint has been the inability to provide a real SMS who is truly a specialist in his/her field with a career path as a specialist. Also, response of SAUs and research stations to provide feedback on farmers' problems in terms of providing relevant solutions has not always been effective. It thus seems that continued consolidation of efforts through further support to strengthening the process of new technology generation in response to feedback on farmers' problems, would be necessary. 6. Project Results 6.1 Overall, despite implementation delays, the project has achieved much in terms of further supporting and developing staffing and training, staff mobility, and infrastructure and institutions of the extension system, and, together with earlier first phase projects, has assisted the establishment of a strengthened T&V system of agricultural extension services throughout the three participating States. It has thus been largely successful in attaining the objective of consolidation of the extension infrastructure of the three States. An unforeseen achievement of the project has been the flexibility with which it could successfully expand to cover 30 plain districts in Uttar Pradesh using credit savings. Some additional 50-60 million people should receive the windfall benefit of improved extension services. 6.2 The project has been instrumental in improving the quality of agricultural extension operations, although the inadequacies of SMSs' support to field staff need to be effectively addressed, and linkages between extension and research need to be further strengthened. In addition, under the project, a considerable expansion of extension, from a mainly cereal field crop orientation, to oilseeds, vegetables, fruits and, to a limited extent, agro-forestry, has taken place. Overall, however, the coverage of the extension system in the three States was not broadened and deepened at the rate expected. Further efforts would, therefore, be necessary in particular to promote a farming system approach and to improve the coverage of production activities of rural women and other underprivileged members of the farming population. 6.3 The project has also contributed substantially to improve the quality of GOI support to the extension efforts of the State Governments. The DOE, as strengthened under the project, is now able to play a dynamic role in guiding, coordinating, supervising, and monitoring state-level extension systems. Under the project, DOE was particularly active in coordinating the provision of national and international training to staff, establishing a monitoring/review mechanism through  8 interdisciplinary teams, guiding M&E activities, and sorting out implementation issues, such as pursuing reimbursement claims. It has also developed a capacity to help states prepare special subprojects and appraise such subprojects, and to organize internal processes to obtain necessary clearances (such as from the Ministry of Finance) to implement subprojects. Another notable achievement of the project has been its contribution to the establishment of a strengthened infrastructure for national and regional level training of extension personnel (see para. 5.10). 6.4 The project impact on agricultural production is difficult to quantify. M&E data available from the three State extension services are insufficient to shed any meaningful light on impact assessment of the project investment. The reason for this is that M&E under the project emphasized the monitoring of key indicators that ensure compliance with the detailed schedule of visits and adoption of recommended practices, rather than the evaluation and impact assessment. The M&E units did collect crop yield data. However the yield data alone are inadequate to measure precisely the impact in terms of increased production of extension investment. However, following the SAR presentation of historical crop yields, area, and production, in Madhya Pradesh and Orissa, which indicate the trends during the previous project periods, the PCR mission gathered similar crop statistics for the three project States, which are given in Tables 1-3 of Annex 1. The data indicate, in general, a rising trend in crop production. Increase in oilseed production is particularly noticeable in all the three States. Much of these increased production gains can be attributed to the increased use of modern inputs and adoption of improved technology, both of which seem to have emanated from better guidance available to the farming community though strengthened extension services. While, therefore, no conclusive evidence can be produced as it is difficult to disaggregate the incremental production benefits of extension from the other influencing factors, it is apparent that the project impact on improving agricultural production has been positive and significant. 6.5 As for the economic benefits of the project, the SAR, following general Bank practices for agricultural extension projects, did not undertake a computation of the economic rate of return (ERR). For the same reason, no economic re-evaluation has been undertaken at project completion. 7. Project Sustainability 7.1 The project has helped complete the institutionalization of the T&V system of extension services in Madhya Pradesh, Orissa and Rajasthan, largely through provision of additional extension infrastructure and staffing. The sustainability of the project-established extension services in these States will, to a great extent, depend on the availability of adequate State Governments' budgetary support to their extension services, although some cost-cutting should be possible through increased reliance on mass media campaigns and engendering farmer participation in extension management. Furtherrnore, appropriate budgetary provisions will need to be justified by increased efficiency and the relevance of agricultural technology generation for dissemination to farmers, which will solve their problems of raising productivity, incomes and living standards. 7.2 Although presently the bulk of the extension budget is being sustained by the State Governments, available evidence from Orissa and Madhya Pradesh suggests that there could be a risk that trained manpower belonging to the extension services might be redeployed to other resource-rich projects. Recently, the Government of Orissa decided to withdraw 90 positions (although mostly at support staff level) from the extension services, as a measure to reduce the budgetary burden. In Madhya Pradesh, most staff positions, including those created under the previous two projects (Credit 712-IN and Credit 1138-IN), have yet to be converted to non-plan posts. On the contrary, Rajasthan's extension services appear to enjoy the continuing strong support of the State Government. With regard to the Uttar Pradesh component (30 plain districts),  9 it is still too early to comment on its sustainability because the component is still under implementation. 7.3 The sustainability of DOE strengthened under the project will depend on how successful it continues to be in advising state extension services to become accountable to the ultimate clients -- the farmers. It may be necessary to modify the current role of DOE after completion of the ongoing NAEP III, with the entry into the new post-T&V system establishment era. The existing hierarchical organizational structure, with almost two-thirds support staff, may no longer be tenable. The DOE may have to acquire newer skills and a leaner and flatter organizational structure to discharge the newer roles of: conducting extension policy analysis and assisting states to evolve appropriate extension strategies; facilitating states to embrace farner- participatory and client-accountable extension services; assuming policy coordination roles for ensuring that extension activities of public, private and independent NGOs coalesce to improve sustainable livelihoods of the farning community. 8. Bank Performance 8.1 The performance of the Bank from project identification through negotiation was generally good. The Bank provided adequate resources (139 staffweeks) to meet the objectives and targets of project processing. Staff input appears to be high compared to other extension projects perhaps due to wider geographical coverage of the project involving DOE at the center and three larger states in the country. The Bank's New Delhi Office (NDO) performed well by providing consultation and guidance during the project implementation phase and in effectively taking up generic issues such as inadequate budget support, restrictions on procurement, staffing, research support, at the GOI level with MOA and the Department of Economic Affairs, Ministry of Finance. 8.2 The Bank's supervisory effort was similarly generally good. A total of 46 supervision missions were fielded in the eight-year implementation period. Since the project covered a wide geographical area (three States, later increased to four States), separate supervision missions, each comprising 2 to 3 specialists, were sent for about a week for each project State at about six-month intervals. Each team produced a Field Report on completion of its visit. Formal supervision reports with Form 590 were produced by the Agricultural Unit of NDO, based on these Field Reports, annually with a few exceptions. Total staff input for supervision was also high, being 163.4 staffweeks, reflecting the project's multi-state coverage. Fairly good continuity of staff of appropriate specialization was maintained between missions. During the supervision missions, the staff spent most of their time in field visits discussing issues and reviewing project impact with farmers, researchers and field staff in order to suggest improvements. However, it might have been helpful if either an engineer or architect had accompanied some of the supervision missions in view of the importance of civil works and the problems associated with them. 9. Lessons of Experience 9.1 From the Bank's point of view, the lessons which can be learned include the following: (a) In designing repeater projects like the Madhya Pradesh component of NAEP I, it is desirable to avoid a long overlapping period with the previous project, which would not only put an extra burden of implementing two projects simultaneously on available budgetary resources, but also give less opportunity of learning from the experience of implementing the previous  10 project. The PCR for the Madhya Pradesh Agricultural Extension Phase II Project (Credit 1138-IN) draws attention to the similar point. (b) There is a need to undertake, in the course of project processing, a careful assessment of the availability of suitable construction sites for the project buildings (such as field staff houses and DOE building under NAEP 1), and perhaps insist on the acquisition and establishment of clear title to sites before commencement of project implementation. (c) If a project is to promote activities like broadening and deepening of extension coverage, which require detailed planning and inter-agency collaboration, it is important to devote adequate attention to specification of a plan of action and implementation guidelines, and involve relevant departments at the project formulation and appraisal stages. (d) In order to fully benefit from the consolidation of extension services that has already taken place, future support for further improvement should be directed to updating and improving technical capabilities of SMSs and field staff, encouraging farmers' participation in extension management, augmenting support for mass media in communication of extension messages, promoting a farming systems approach and improving coverage of production activities of rural women and other underprivileged members of the farming population. (e) Restructuring of NAEP I, II and m to include an additional 30 plain districts in Uttar Pradesh under the project was an innovative approach in that it facilitated the better use of substantial savings of the three NAEP Credits, which would have been otherwise canceled. (f) In the area of M&E, future efforts need to be directed to the development of appropriate methodology for evaluation of the impact of investment in agricultural extension on farmers' productivity and agricultural production. 10. Borrower Performance 10.1 The performance of the implementing agencies was generally satisfactory and, in particular, that of the DOE and the State Department of Agriculture in Rajasthan was even better. As noted earlier (para. 7.2), in Rajasthan the DOA performed well with strong leadership at the Secretary level and a stable continuity of senior management. In Madhya Pradesh and Orissa, project implementation was hampered by avoidable problems of inadequate counterpart funding. DOE was also affected by budgetary constraints to some extent in the initial stages. However, a change in leadership and a stronger commitment helped in picking up momentum. With strong support from NDO, DOE gradually grew in confidence and stature, and contributed significandy in the following spheres: implementation assistance and guidance to the participating States; methodological development in M&E; facilitating and organizing workshops and training programs; and helping States to prepare special subprojects and appraising and assisting in clearance of such subprojects. Of particular importance has been the role played by DOE over the past two to three years in organizing several national workshops to promote the concept of broad- based extension services across the State Governments, which now seem to realize that discipline- specific extension services will be difficult to sustain.  I1 10.2 From the Borrower's point of view, the following major lessons can be learned from the experience gained in implementing the project. (a) As demonstrated by the experience of Rajasthan and DOE, it is important to have strong leadership and continuity of senior management, well-committed to the project to ensure successful implementation, and that the T & V model provides a good administrative structure for a public sector extension service where management commitment and capacity are consistently reasonable. (b) It is important for the Borrower to carefully assess the budgetary implications before committing to implement an investment project and later ensure sufficient and timely budgetary support to avoid implementation delays and secure sustainability. This is particularly needed in respect of an extension project, since being a service supportive project it is liable to budget cuts in the first instance vis-d-vis a production project when the government faces financial difficulties. (c) Madhya Pradesh's experience with NAEP I clearly highlights the need to proceed with caution, and not under-estimate the importance of gaining experience from the related previous projects before launching a follow-up project. 11. Project Relationships 11.1 Through its long association with MOA/DOE during the previous twelve extension- related projects since 1977, the Bank had developed a good working relationship. The arrangement of delegating supervision responsibility to the resident staff (NDO) was beneficial in strengthening further the Bank and Borrower relationship. Most of the project-specific problems were resolved relatively easily without seeking Bank's headquarters advice. The presence of NDO in the country and their staff relationship with the Borrower and the implementing agencies should not be under-estimated in this regard, particularly in handling geographically-wide and relatively problem-encountering projects like this one. 12. Consulting Services 12.1 DOE's internal consultancy scheme initiated under the Composite Extension Project (Credit 862-IN) was also continued under this project. Senior extension officers who were directly engaged in ongoing extension projects in their own States were recruited under this scheme, to visit other States and assist in developing more effective project organizations. Altogether 242 such consultancy visits were made to participating States under NAEP I, II and m during the eight-year project period. General satisfaction with the performance of the experts recruited under the scheme was expressed by the State project implementing agencies of NAEP I. 13. Project Documentation and Data 13.1 The SAR, the Legal Documents, and the relevant Project Agreements were generally sufficient to provide a basic framework for IDA, the Borrower, and the project implementing agencies. The supervision reports and other relevant project documents available at the Bank generally contained sufficient information for preparation of the PCR. Data made available to the PCR mission by each implementing agency were particularly useful in completing the Part HI tables.  12 PART II: PROJECT REVIEW FROM BORROWER'S PERSPECTIVE Part IH has not been received.  13 PART III. STATISTICAL INFORMATION 1. Related Creditsl/ t_redlt I tue rpose fTear or 5W omments iss Agncltura eorganizat o extension and researc , and 1975 eaos 14 itsed 1984PPAR Development Project (Cr68 trodu2tion of T & V extension methodology (lIst isued 1986 N hase). Oady ra desh Agri eorgatuzation and strengthening of extension 77 0 isued 1983 Extension & Research ervices in 15 out of 45 districts in the State ( st PAR issued 1986 Proiect (Cr712-lN) bhase) and improvement of research oDerabon. Rajasthan Agricultural eorgaruzation and strengthening of extension 1977 otd1983 PCR sued 1984 Extension and Research rvices in 17 out of 26 districts in the State (lst PPAR issued 1985 Proiect (Cr.737-N ase). and imnrovement of research Iration Composite Agntr l eorganization and strengUhesng o tate extensio 1979 oed 194 K sued 1985 atension Project (Cr.862- ervices in Gujarat, Haryana and Kamataka (lst PPAR istued 1986 N) se), and improvement of GO EDOE capacity to ssist State extension efforts. adhya Pradesh Agri. ow-up of Cr.72-IN to reorgarnze and strengthen 1i91 Closed 1989 PCRissued 1990 Extension Project II (Cr. 113 tension services in the remaining 30 districts. N) National Agnculn oow-upo r 523-IN (subject of this PCR), to 1 =os 1993 KM under prEttoo Extension 1 Project (Cr.156 ovide further suppo to three already paricipating N) tates (Gujarat. Ha ana nd Kamataka) under r.862-IN and introduction of T & V system in Jammu and Kashmir. I I National Agricultural Follow-up of Cr.1569-IN to provide further sup-port going rplementation is two xtension III Project a Assarn in continuation of support under Cr.728-IN years behind original Cr.1754-IN) troduce T & V system to Himachal and Uttar chedule, and expected Pradesh, and to replenish the Special Sub-Project LO close in 1996. Fund established in GOVDOE under Cr.1523-IN 'subiect of this PCR). _ UI In addition to those listed here, the following IDA-assisted ojects are related to introduction of the T & V systern in India: Rajasthan CAD Project (Cr.502-IN); Chambal CAD Project (Cr 562-lN); West Bengal Agricultural Extension and Research Projact (Cr.690-lN); Assam Agricultural Development Project (Cr728-N); Bihar Agricultural Extension and Research Project (Cr.761 -IN); Kerala Agricultural Extension Project (Cr.1028-IN); Maharashtra Agricultural Extension Projec (Cr.1135-IN); Tamil Nadu Agricultural Extension Project (Cr.1137-IN); Andhr. Pradesh Agricultural Extension Project (Cr.1219-lN). 2. Project Timetable Item Date Planned Date Revised Date Actual Identification J- __ an. 2,19821/ Preparation II N.A. N.A. 1982/1983 Appraisal April 1983 Dec. 1983 Dec. 1-21, 1983 egotiations April 1984 N.A. ug. 13, 1984 oard Approval June 1984 N.A. t. 2, 1984 |Credit Signature N.A. N.A. I c. 12, 1984 reditEffectiveness Dec. 31, 1984 N.A. I 11,1985 redit Closing March 31,1990 March 31,1993 h 31,1993 reditCompletion N.A. July 31, 1993 uly 31, 1993 I/ Date of the first project brief issued. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _  14 Comments Major issues raised at each stage of the project cycle as recorded in the Project Brief, Issues Paper, the Decision Memorandum, and the Agreed Minutes of Negotiations were as follows. Identirication/Preparation: (i) GOI proposed project costs of US$273 million require refinement (later reduced to US$150 million and eventually to US$65.6 million at appraisal); ii) Willingness of MOA (GOI) to bring about adrninistrative consolidation to ensure nationwide consistency in the approach to the T & V extension system given that agriculture is a state responsibility; (iii) Need to allow at least 60% of the project costs to be financed by IDA in view of GOI and state funding difficulties although almost all of the cost are local costs (this percentage was eventually accepted by IDA). Appraisal: No substantial issues arose out of the appraisal. Decision meeting endorsed the earlier agreement with GOI that the proposed credit should take the form of a composite credit with separate credit agreements between IDA and each participating state, in view of the constitutional restriction on legal agreements between the centre and the states. The meeting also agreed on the proposed conditions of negotiations, i.e. the states would obtain all the required sanctions and make budget provisions for their sub-projects, and DOE would obtain the Planning and Finance approvals. Negotiations: Jammu and Kashmir component was dropped at the request of the GOI representative and the proposed IDA credit amount was reduced subsequently. 3. Credit Disbursements Cumulative Estimated and Actual Disbursements (SDR Million) FY85 FY86 FY87 FY88 FY89 FY90 FY91 FY92 FY93 FY94 Appraisal Estimate 1.54 6.95 16.21 27.41 35.90 38.60 38.6 38.6 38.6 38.6 Actual 1.52 3.05 4.55 5.26 10.23 17.6 23.49 3253 32.6 Actual as % of Estimate 0% 22% 19% 17% 15% 27% 46% 61% 84% 84% Comments: SDR6.0 million was cancelled on December 5, 1991. Final disbursement was made on July 13, 1993 and the revised credit amount was SDR32.6 million.  15 4. Project Implementation A. Madhya Pradesh Component A.1 Recruitment of Incremental Staff eagnation AK Iaret (No.) Actual (No.) CuUAl as 0 bAK Tar2et ia aquarters SMS orlsceds 4 i6 Librarian1 Su ft staff 2 Z stnct -ADA(SMS) to216 10 52 ADO 7 417 RAEO 283 197 69 4 SAU Extension Supponrt Communicauons specialist I I 100 Machine operator I 1 100 Audio-visual oX erator I I 100 Total 358 1255 _1 I Posted at district level. I I A.2 Civil Works and Vehicles tem 1works SAK T arget (No. cual (No.) Actual aas o bAK0 laree I AEO houses 178 VEW houses 800 - Printing pres & information buildings 11 10 90 Block level trming halls 430 State level training centrce1 2. Vehijcles Audjo-visual van I | Jeeps 53 78 147 1-Van (training centre) 1 Car (training centre) 1 Motorcycles/mopeds 700 696 9 Bicycles 2 000 1.889 4  16 A.3 Training 1. I1aRe Extension Worker nit *SAK Iareet cua cuaso Iareet -nduction courses ndiv2 112 40 OrientUton courses o. 120 208 Fortnightly courses o. 1,664 1,664 100 Refresher courses div. 5,500 e870 52 Special courses o 360 20 117 Proanotional study div. 90 0 33 Stud tous div 1150 5 * T utral Etension 0o ker- Unentation courses o jU 400 Refresher courses div. 11460 50 51 Special courses o 132 161 122 Promnotionsa study No 30 1 70 Study tours div. 250 5 6 j ubvet Matter SrIJst_ unentation courses a.38 100 Monthly workshops