China - Zhejiang Power Development Project : environmental assessment report (Vol. 1 of 6)

ENVIRONMENT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE SECOND PHASE OF BEILUNGANG THERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT i~~~~~~~~~~- it Vo L MARCH, 1993 ZHEJIANG PROVINCIAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH INSTITUTE AND EAST CHINA ELECTRICAL POWER DESIGN INSTITUTE  'I, Contents J. Introduction 1X. Basis and Principles in the Assessment 2.1 Aims of the Assessment 2.2 The Foundation of the Assessment 2.3 China's Policy and Regulations regarding Environment Assessment 2.4 Standards of the Assessment 2.5 Scope of Assessment 2.6 The Emphasis of Assessment and Major Projection Objects II. Introduction to the Construction 3.1 Project Background 3.2 Project Scale 3.3 Project Site Selection 3.4 Introduction to Phase I Project 3.5 Electricity Production Process Flow 3.6 Fuel 3.7 Water Sources and Consumption 3.8 Occupied Area and Staffing of the BTPP IV. Introduction to Local Environment 4.1 The Overall Plan of Ningbo City and the Geographic Location of the Project 4.2 Natural Environment 4.3 The Local Social Environment 4.4 Pollution Sources Around the BTPP V. The Present Conditions of the Quality of Regional Environment 5.1 The Present Conditions of the Quality of Atmospheric Environment 5.2 The Present Conditions of the Quality of Sea Water Environment 5.3 An Investigation of the Present Cultivation Conditions of the Marine Life, Fishery Resources and Shoal Algae in the Sea Area 5.4 The Present Conditions of the Quality of Noisy Environment. VI. Major Pollution Source & Potential Environmental Problems 6.1 Analysis of Major Pollution Sources 6.2 Potential Environment Problems  VII. Influence of Construction upon the Environment 7.1 The Assessment of the Quality of Atmosphere 7.2 An Analysis of the Impact on Water Environment Quality in the Sea Area 7.3 An Analysis of the Influence on the Aquatic Organisms 7.4 An Analysis of the Environmental Influence o' the Ash Storage Yard 7.5 An Analysis of the Influence of Noise on the Environments VIII. Anti-Pollution Policy and Environmental Protection Investment Analysis 8.1 Measures to Prevent Flue Gas Pollution 8.2 Disposal of Production Waste Water and Domestic Sewage 8.3 Comprehensive Utilisation of Ash / Slag 8.4 Measures against Noise Pollution 8.5 Measures against Major Accidents in Operation 8.6 Afforesting the Power Plant Area 8.7 Plan for Environmental Monitoring 8.8 An Analysis of Investment on Environmental Protection IX. Public Involvement and Opinion 9.1 The Historical Development of the Region where the Power Plant Is to Be Built 9.2 Summary of Speeches Made by the Deputies of the People's Congress X. Conclusions and Suggestions 10.1 General Background of the Environment 10.2 The Environmental Impact of the Project 10.3 Anti-pollution Policy  Figure 3-1 The Layout of Plant Area of Phase I & [I Projects Figure 3-2 Flow Diagram of Power Plant Electricity Generation Figure 4-1 The Geographic Location of Beilungang Power Plant in Zhejiang Figure 4-2 *The Location of Phase II Project Construction Area Figure 4-3 Rose Diagram of Wind Velocity and Direction in Beilungang Area Figure 5-1 Distribution of Sampling Points For the Sea Area and Atmosphere Figure 5-2 Distribution of S02 Concentration Figure 5-3 Distribution of NOK Concentration Figure 5-4 Distribution of TSP Concentration Figure 5-5 The Location of Marine Life Sampling Station Figure 5-6 The layout of Environmental Noise Measuring Points at the Boundary of the Plant Area Figure 5-7 The Arrangement of Measuring Points for Generating Units Noise Figure 6-1 Flow Chart Showing Waste Water Treatment During Normal Production Figure 6-2 Flow Chart Showing Waste Water Treatment During Infrequent Production Figure 6-3 Flow Chart Showing Waste Water Treatment During Boiler Acid Cleaning Figure 6-4 Flow Chart Showing Waste Water Treatment During Ash Yard Water Discharge Figure 6-5 Flow Chart Showing Oil-laden Waste Water Treatment Figure 7-1 Distribution of SOI Surface Concentration When the Atmosphere Appears Unstable Figure 7-2 Distribution of SO Surface Concentration When the Atmosphere Appears Neutral Figure 7-3 Distribution of SO Surface Concentration When the Atmosphere Appears Stable  Figure 7-3a Location of Routine Monitoring Station of Air Quality in Ningbo Urban District Figure 7-4 Using the Meteorological Data of Aug. 24'86 To Predict the Distribution of Daily Mean Concentration of S02 Figure 7-5 Using the Meteorological Data of Jan. 19'89 To Predict the Distribution of Daily Mean Concentration of SO Figure 7-6 A Sketch Map Showing the Water Area Used in the Calculation Figure 7-7 Verification of the Tidal Range, Tidal Flow and COD during Summer Figure 7-8 The Distribution of Rate of Flow in the Plane During Flooding and Ebbing Tides Figure 7-9 Verification of the Tidal Range and the Tidal Flow During Winter Low Tide Pigure 7-10 A Curve Showing the Guarabtee Rate of the Tidal Range at Zhenhai Station Figure 7-11 Temperature Rise around the Water lntake Both Vertically and Horizontally Figure 7-12 The Isotherm During Low Tide Figure 7-13 The Duration Curve of Temperature Rise at Different Points Figure 7-14 The Location of Temperature Rise Points for Comparison During Typhoon Period Figure 7-15 Distribution of CODN, Maxima Figure 7-16 Distribution of PH Maxima when the Ash Dyke Overflows (Phase I & II Projects) Figure 7-17 A Plan View Showing the Hydrological and Geological Conditions at the Ash Yard of Beilungang Power Plant Figure 7-18 A Cross-section of the Aquifers under the Ash Yard of Beilungang Power Plant Figure 7-19 Distribution of Chlorine Ion Contents in the Pressure-bearing Water in the 2nd Stratum under Ningbo Figure 7-20 Loudness Contour of Predicted Noises  Table 2-1 Quality Standards of Atmospheric Environment Table 2-2 Sea Water Quality Standards Table 3-1 Quality of Coal from Northern Shanxi Table 3-2 Coal Consumption for Phase I & II Table 3-3 Fresh Water Consumption for Phase I & II Table 5-1 Statistic Data of Low Altitude Temperature Inversion in Two Seasons in the Beilun Table 5-2 Monitoring Data of Air Quality in Ningbo Table 5-3 Assessment Results of Air Quality in Assessment Area Table 5-4 The Functional Region Represented by the Atmosphere Sampling Spots Table 5-5 Contents and Methods Used in Testing Atmospheric Status Table 5-6 Summary of the Monitoring Results of the Environmental Quality of the Atmosphere in Summer of 1991 when the Units Are not in Operation Table 5-7 Summary of the Monitoring Results of the Environmental Quality of the Atmosphere in Winter of 1991 when One Unit Is in Operation Table 5-8 Summary of the Monitoring Results of the Environmental Quality of the Atmosphere in Winter of 1992 when the Units Are Shut Down Table 5-9 Summary of the Monitoring Results of the Environmental Quality of the Atmosphere in the Third Phase Project Table 5-10 A Comprehensive Summary of Wind Direction and Wind Speed at Beilungang Power Plant Table 5-11 Monitoring Data of Water Quality in Sea Area between Xiapu and Zhitou in Ningbo Table 5-12 Monitoring Data of Heavy Metals, Phenol and Cyanide in Seawater Table 5-13 Monitoring Data of Sediment Content in Sea Area of Ningbo Table 5-14 Monitoring Data of Bottom Mud Quality in Intertidal Range in Ningbo City  Table 5-15 Statistical Data of Sea Water Quality along the Coast of Beilungang Power Plant Table 5-16 Statistical Data of Sea Water along the Coast at the Ash Yard for Phase [I Project Table 5-17 Assessment of Composition of Marine Life in the Sea Area Table 5-18 Assessment of the Quantity and Concentration of Marine Life in the Sea Area Table 5-19 Equipment Noise Measurement Data Table 5-20 Workshop Noise Measurement Data Table 5-21 Environmental Noise Measurement Data at Plant Site Boundary Area Table 6-1 Project Basic Data Review Table 6-2 Quantity of Class-1 Waste Water in Phase I & 1I Projects Table 6-3 Quantity of Class-2 Waste Water Table 7-1 Contents of Observations on Climatic Pollution during Phase I Project Construction Table 7-2 The Frequency of Occurrence of Sea Wind and Land Wind in Beilun Area Table 7-3 Wind Speed Profile Index Table 7-4 Frequency of Occurrence of Temperature Inversions and Heights during Observation Period Table 7-5 The Intensity of Flue Gas Emission Sources at Beilungang Power Plant Table 7-6 Atmospheric Diffusion Parameters while the Wind is Blowing toward the Shore Table 7-7 Atmospheric Diffusion Parameters while the Wind is Blowing along the Shore Table 7-8 Deviation Angle of Wind Direction to Be Taken into Consideration Table 7-9 The Average Wind Speed and the Effective Height of Flue Gas under various Stability States  Table 7-10 The Distribution of Surface Concentration under Various Stability States after the Completion of Phase I & ll Projects Table 7-11 Normal Monitoring Results of the Atmosphere in Ningbo in 1990 Table 7-12 Meteorological Data Used in the Calculations of Daily Mean Concentration Table 7-13 Using Meteorological Data of Aug. 24, 1986 in the Calculation of Daily Mean Concentration for Analysis Table 7-14 Using Meteorological Data of Jan. 19, 1987 in the Calculation of Daily Mean Concentration for Analysis Table 7-15 Results of Predicting the Surface Concentration of Heavy Smoke under the Hot Inner Boundary Layer Table 7-16 Comparisons of Surface Concentration of Coals with Different Sulphur Contents Table 7-17 Comparison of surface Concentration of SO) between Single Chimney and Cluster Type Clhimney 2 Table 7-18 Distributio of Surface Concentration of SO2 due to Cumulative Effect of Flue Gas Emission from BTPP and ZPP Table 7-19 The Maximum Allowable Concentration of Atmospheric Pollution in the Protection of Crops Table 7-20 Distribution of Surface Concentration due to Cumulative Flue Gas Emissions from Both Beilungang and Zhenhai Power Plants Table 7-21 The Maximum Allowable Concentration of Atmospheric Pollutants in the Protection of Crops Table 7-22 Temperature Rise Area at Various Time of Different Tidal Patterns Table 7-23 Maximum Temperature Rise Area at Different Spots Table 7-24 Comparison of Temperature Rise with Typhoon and without Typhoon Table 7-25 The Chemical Composition of Ashes and Slags of Phase-I Project Table 7-26 The Distribution of Grain Size of Ash Particles of Phase-I Project  Table 7-27 The Average Grain Size of Ashes of Phase-l Project Table 7-28 The Quality of Water at the Discharge Outlet of Ash Yards of Some Power Plants Table 7-29 Results of Ash/Slag Soaking Test of Phase-[ Project Table 7-30 The SS Values of Ash Water of Phase I Project Obtained from Different Precipitation Time  I . I it t lrodtc t i on Z7he j i ang Prov i nce i s one r r de%-e I oped reeg i otis i n coas ta I a rea of Ctlitia. For a Itong t illt!,* tlie shortnI re o*Ct elc trical power has restric ted the develiten ouot iof economy and t Ihe incre.ase of tiolliestic coinsumpt ion level of e lectriei ty iln I he reg ioin. [it order toi chatng,e the situiation. the Zhejiing F.lec trical Power Bureatt has suggested the Zheiia,ng electrical power clevelopmenlt project wlhichi aims at eco1oIIinizat ion Onl power and s im I taneotts deve I opmen t of tlie cons t tuct i or or power soitt. es and pnover transmission network. The project incldtcies thle phase I I project of Bei In Por t Power Plan t. Wanij iiati-men Heat and Power Plant project. the development of transim'ission line of 500 kv main power transmission network of Zhejiang Province and the transmission of grid system in HangzhoU CitY and Ningbo) City. The Beilun Port District has favourable conditions for the constrtictinn of large scale modern thermal powver plant. The district is one of the areas to be further opened to the otitside world approved by the Central Government. It is characterised by a more than 10 kilometres long deep water coastline with broad hinterIand where air. land and water communication lines led to all ports or Chinia. And the investiment iti enlargement of existing poweer plant is lower than that in construction of a new one in other district and it will be put into operation in a short tinie. The land used for the construction of the Phase 11 project was reserved in the construction of Phase I project of Beitlunt Port Power Plant. The need of the Phase II project was considered in the constrtLctioni of special pturpose port. fresh water stuplpIy system. cooling wvater supply and discharge system, waste water treatment system. corresponding anxiliary production facilities and welfare facilities for the Phase I project. Therefore. a large power plant in Beilun Zone is essential for the rapid development of the Zone providing more power supply itn East China and enhatncingn the econonmic development in Zhejian, and East China. The preparation of Phase I Project started in eairly 80s. The former Ministry of Electric Power ordered the design of a suagested power plant in Beilun Port area. East Clhina Electric Power Design lnstit'ute submittecd "The Feasibil-ity Study Report on Beilurigang Power Plant" in september 1934. According to the state plan, with a total su--ested capacity of 2400 MW and 2 x 600 MW units for Phase I. The Powver Plant Enivironimerital Protection Research Institute of the Ministry of Ener,y had carried out extensive pollut ion meteornlog ical observations and proliferation the sea irn Beilun area in summer & winter 1986 and early summer 1987; and sth'biitted "The Assessment of I rnpact of Bie i ting-ang Pow-r PJl ant on Atmospher ic Env. i ronmen Si' iin Noveinher . 1987. UWh i ch lad passed experts verification in .Juine. 1989. I  In Aigliist 1991'. Z.lejiarl. n Provinciial i Elf-ctriV Po,wer [Ill;t!aiz (ZPEPB1) camne up w i tIt tle su.gcs ted vrc;jcv O rf Phase I 1 ror BTPP and the BTPP Cons true t i on Cowpanly en t rus. Ied iast ei lina Electric Powet Designt Inst i tIIte (IWE PD I w i Ell tlI' Env i ronme Ltat Prntect iin Hese,rcih Inst i tii I e as *re I as H:CE PDI joinitly assessed thle impact o f Pha.se It Project on t he env ironiiieri t. According to state's (locttmltnt No. (86) 003 and the environinenital protection adniinistrati(n's recqiremelnt. t he "Otttline for the Assessment of Impact of BTPP Phase [[ tin the Environinent" was submitted in tApril 1992 and passed tihe examinationi of the National Environmental Protection Bureatu. The assessmnent was focussed on the impact of smoke, gas, Wzarlll water discharge and ash sluicing water on atmospheric and sea environment. incILiding an analysis of noise arid sudden fauct. Through field measurements data collection, similar cases investigations and simulation experiments. etc. The assessment report was completed. Other institutions participating in the assessment are: Zhejiang Estuarine & Coastal Construction Research Institute, Zliejiang Environment Mlonitoring Center. Nin-bo Environment NJonitoring Station, Zhejiang Marine Aquatic Products Research Institute. National No. 2 Oceanography Resear-ch Institute. etc. 2  [I. Basis and Principles in the Assessment 2.1 Objectives of the Assessment This assessment is a project assessment, its report provides the present environmental quality of the said area by monitoring and investigating the continentaL and maritime environment around the planned BTPP and predicts the possible scope and seriousness of impact on local environment due to pollutants brought about from the specific project to be completed: the report also assesses the feasibility of Phase II in the light of environmental protection, thus proposing methods of control; at the same time, the assessment will be fed back to the take project design, providing scientific basis for the power plant to take adequate measures to control pollution as well as for the government consider and decide. 2.2 The Basis of Report Preparation 2.2.1 Document No. (86) OU3 entitled: 'Administrative Measures for Environmental Protection in Construction Projects' issued by National Environmental Protection Commission, Planning Commission and Economic Commission regarding scope and contents of assessment, preparation procedure, power limit of examination and approval, etc. 2.2.2 Environment During Construction Document No. (88) 117 issued by the National Environmental Protection Bureau entitled "Some Measures Concerning Environmeatal Administration for Construction Projects". Regarding construction projects shall inplement a system of examination and approval for environmental impact and the procedure , therefore, speeding up the preparation of report and improving report quality, etc. 2.2.3 Energy Resources Safety Assurance Document No. (1990) 199 entitled "Regulations Concerning the Compilation of Outlines for the Assessment of Impact of Power Plant Projects on Environment (on trial)". Regarding the strengthening of pre-project environmental protection for thermal power construction projects; improving assessment quality so that it may follow the projects; improving assessment quality so that it may follow the prescribed specification and may finally be standardized, etc. 2.3 China's Policy and Regulations related to Environment Assessment In September 1979, "Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China (Proposed)" was issued, stiv'ulating explicitly the 3 requirements of "Assessment of Environmental Impact" 3 things brought about at the same time 'and 'Changes shall be paid for discharging polluted sewage water". 3  According to the law. 'The report on environmental impact of construction projects' must contain the assessment of pollution produced by the project, its impact and protective measures to be taken; it shall be examined by the department in change of the project and be approved by Environmental Protection Administrative Department in accordance with the procedures. Only after the approval of the report, can the planning department approve the design assignment of the project." 2.4 Standards of the Assessment 2.4.1 GB3095-82 is applied as the quality standard of atmospheric environment; According to atmospheric environment function zoning and control targets in Ningbo City, the target of air quality in most areas of the city is to meet the second class of the standard, and that in Zhenhai Petrochemical District and Bellun Industrial District is to meet the third class of the standard. At present, the air quality in Beilun District can meet the first to second class of the standard. Since the area where this project is located is in the countryside and industrial development area, Grade II Standard is adopted; refer to Table 2-1. Table 2-1 Standards of Atmospheric Environment Quality Concentration limit, mg/Nm3 Pollutants Sampling time Grade II Standard total suspended daily mean 0.30 particles,TSP any time' 1.00 SO2 daily mean 0.15 any time 0.50 Nitrides and daily mean 0.10 Oxides, NOx any time 0.15 anyE ti me is te concenrtio limit which can not b exceeded in any time sampling and analysis. When it is the real sampling, the sampling times are determined by local environmental protection department according to the local air pollution level, including TSP, over years. Therefore. each time sampling process is defined as any time. 2.4.2 GB3097-82 is applied as the quality standards of sea area. According to a letter, Zhejiang Environmental Protection Bureau regarding "Standards to be applied in assessing environmental protection of Beilungang Power Plant Phase II Project" Grade I Standard is applied to the sea area 2 Km off coast of the plant site and Grade II Standard to the sea area within 2 Km. 4  Table 2-2 Sea Water Quality Standards (GB3097-82) Class I Class 11 PH 7.5 -- 8.4 7.3 -- 8.8 oxygen consumption < 3 mg/I (4 mg/i temperature less than 4