Ghana - National Agricultural Extension Project

Document of The World Bank FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY CS010 CORI rs Tpe* , Repot No.P-5627-GH Drt 1 3449 x1/ . AND RECOMMENDATION OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION TO THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS ON A PROPOSED CREDIT IN THE AMOUNT EQUIVALENT TO SDR 21.80 MILLION TO THE REPUBLIC OF GHANA FOR A NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION PROJECT FEBRUARY 25, 1992 This decament has a testricted distribution and may be us by recpients only In the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization. CUIRENCY EOUALENTS Currency Unit - Cedi (C) US$1.00 = £378 (Variable Auction Rate) C1.00 = US$ 0.0026 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES I metric ton (m ton) = 2,205 pounds (b) 1 hectare (ha) = 2.47 acres (ac) 1 kilometer (kIn) = 0.62 miles (mi) 1 meter (M) = 3.28 feet (ft) ABBREVIATIONS GDP Gross Domestic Product ERP Economic Recovery Program MTADS Medium Term Agricultural Development Strategy MOA Ministry of Agriculture CSIR Council for Scientific and Industrial Research DAES Department of Agricultural Extension Services GOVERNMENT FISCAL YEAR January 1 - December 31 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - REPUBLIC OF GHANA NATIOAWGIULTURAL EXEONK PROJECT CREDI AND PECT= SUMBM Borrower: The Republic of Ghana The Ministry of Agriculture SDR 21.80 million (US$30.4 million equivalent) Standard, with 40 years maturity Financing PlaW: Loa Ear.is 191d1 (in US$ million equivalent) IDA 5.79 24.61 30.40 Government of Ghana 10.71 - 10.71 Total 16.50 24.61 41.11 Economic Rate of RuM: Not applicable Staff AnRalR eport No. 9847-GH MAW IBRD No. 18395R2 IBRD No. 23340 This documt.... has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipie.its only N the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed withct W<rid ank authodzation, MEMORANDUM AND RECOMMENDATION OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION TO THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS ON A PROPOSED CREDIT TO THE REPUBLIC OF GHANA FOR A NATIONAL ARICULTURAL EXTENSION P MOJECT. 1. I submit for your approval the following report and recommendation on a proposed development credit to the Republic of Ghana for SDR 21.80 million, the equivalent of US$30.4 million, on standard IDA terms with a maturity of 40 years to help finance a national agricultural extension project. 2. Backgrnd. Agriculture is the dominant sector of Ghana's economy, contributing over half of the GDP and about three quarters of export earnings. Most of the population live in rural areas and derive their income from agriculture. Much of the nascent industrial sector depends on agriculture as a source of raw materials. As with other sectors, agriculture was severely hindered by the adverse economic policies of the 1970s and early 1980s. Food and cash crop output declined, which combined with a rising population resulted in a decline in the per capita food production. The measures adopted under the economic recovery program (ERP) have improved the incentive regime and resulted in significant improvements. Agricultural GDP has grown in real terms for five successive years. The key institutional costraints which impede agricultural growth are: (a) a weak and poorly developed agricultural extension system; (b) a weak agricultural research organization and management; (c) poor institutional framework for the delivery of agricultural credit; and (d) poor marketing infrastructure. 3. Governments long-term objectives for the agricultural sector include food security, higher employment and incomes in rural areas, regionally balanced growth and a greater contribution of the sector to GDP, foreign exchange earnings and government revenue. Governments development strategy proposes improvements in the incentive framework and increasing carefully targeted public expendiWres to improve sector management, infrastructure and agricultural support services. High priority Is given to increasing agricultural productivity by widely diffusing improved technology in both crop and livestock poduction and the development of small scale irrigation. 4. Government is improving the availability of input supply by liberalizing the trade regime and privatizing fertilizer procurement and distribution of inputs and by supporting the development of farmers' associations and cooperatives. The ongoing Rural Finance Project is making funds available to the banking system to finance agricultural production and marketing. Government is improving rural infrastructure, especially rural roads, and is preparing a program to develop the storage and marketing infrastructure for farm produce. The ongoing Agricultural Diversification, Cocoa Rehabilitation and Oil Palm II projects have significant extension, credit, processing and marketing service components. The Agricultural Research Project would facilitate availability of improved agricultural technologies. The proposed National Agricultural Extension Project would complement the above initiatives by strengthening the extension service to effectively promote the widespread use of improved agricultural technology. 5. PEcW ObIetis. The primary objective of the project is to achieve sustained increase in agricultural production and improve the incomes and nutrition of smallholder households through enhanced adoption of technology suitable to their agro-ecological environment and their socio- -2- economic conditions. Specifically, the project would: (a) iWgrove efficiency in the management and delivery of extension services, (b) Improve the relevance of technologies available to farmers; (c) asist in organizing farmers into groups and associations in order to improve their access to inputs, credit and markets and (d) strengthen the existing framework for Uuman resource development in the sector. 6. Proect Deciptio. The project would be implemented over a period of five years and would have the following three main companents: (a) trnhning the natioWnl x ir ( 3 MilUgn. 74 gM=n gf total pr t c) through provision of infrastructure, transFrt, equipment, consultancy services, and incremental recurrent cost support, and forging closer link between extension and agricultural research services; (b) sgtea te thnical donM of the Ministry of Agriculture ($3.9 million. 9 percent of total prolect cost) to expand sectoral capacity to test the relevance of technologies generated by research to farmers' conditions through provision of transport, equipment, consultant survices and incremental recurrent cost support to subject matter specialists and to project monitoring and evaluation; and (c) a thening humanr darOM (M.9 WilIon. 17 pg=t of total pEW go) through improved facilities, provision of teaching materials, farm and laboratory equipment and transport support, policy improvements, institutional reforms and upgrading of the teaching staff of agricultural colleges and provision of text books to the three faculties of agriculture. 7. The total cost of the project is estimated at US$ 41.1 million equivalent with a foreign exchange component of US$ 24.6 million (60 percent of total cost). The breakdown of costs and financing is shown in Schedule A. The proposed procurement arrangements and the disbursement schedule are given in Schedule B. A timetable of key project processing events and the status of Bank Group Operations are given in Schedules C and D, respectively. A map is also attached. The Staff Appraisal Report No. )847-GHA, dated February 25, 1992, is being distrbuted separately. 8. Pro Ip at. The project would be implemented by the Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) in cooperation with the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR). CSIR would conduct on-farm adaptive research in collaboration with MOA and conduct regular workshops for subject matter specialists of MOA to keep them abreast of advances in agricultural research findings and technology development. The MOA would collaborate with the Cocoa Board and NGOs in the Implementation of the project. The Cocoa Board would also adopt the unified extension system, which would deliver extension messages in crops, soil and water conservation, agroforestry, livestock, fisheries, etc through a single agent. Several NGOs have agricultural development programs with extension components. The MOA would cooperate with NGOs in making available extension manuals, audio visual materials and training their field staff. The technical departments of MOA (i.e., Crop Services, Animal Health and Production, Fisheries, and Agricultural Engineering) would be responsible for the adaptation of improved technology to farmers' conditions and would provide the subject matter specialists. These specialists would form the key links between researchers and farmers by conducting on-farm aeaptive trials with CSIR scientists, preparing technology recommendations for dissemination to farmers and training frontline extension staff on how to disseminate these and obtain feedback from farmers. 9. The Training and Manpower Development Department of MOA would be responsible for implementing institutional reforms of the Colleges of Agriculture and for the pre-service training of extension staff. In-service training of staff would be the responsibility of the Department of Extension Services (DAES). The Policy Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation Department of MOA would be responsible for the monitoring and evaluation of the project. DABS would be the principal -3- implementing department of the project, responsible for formulation o, extension policy and implementing the national extension program. DAES would coordinate the disbursement of funds and procurement of goods and services, compile accounting returns and prepare financial and physical progress reports of the project. MOA has sufficient qualified professional staff to start implementing the project. Subject matter specialists would be mobilized from the technical departments of MOA to support the extension program. 10. Ptect SUnaity. The project has a strong human resource development focus. It would strengthen the capacity of DAES to plan, coordinate and provide effective extension services. It would also enhance the ability of other technical departments of MOA and the research institutes to backstop the extension program and to monitor and evaluate its impact. The incremental recurrent cost due to the project would amount US$1.21 million in the final year of the project, which does not appear too onerous for the Borrower, given the commitment of the Government to accelerate growth in agricultural production. The approved recurrent ependiture budget of DAES increased more than three fold from Cedis 237 million in 1988 to Cedis 1.1 billion (US$2.9 million) in 1990. MOA is expected to reduce expenditures by withdrawing costly market intervention in the distribution of fertilizer and the divestiture of non-performing asses. Although Government would be able to sustain the incremental cost, the project should be seen as the first phase of a longer-term institutional development program, considering the long time it takes to develop a fully effective extension service. 11. Lessons Ler frm Previous IDAI The IDA financed Upper Region Agricultural Development Project (URADEP) and the Volta Region Agricultural Project (VORADEP) In Ghana had limited impact because of the complex design-combining extension, input distribition, research and rural infrastructure. Participating agencies were also not fully involved in project design. The experience of these projects showed the importance of building institutional capacity in planning, implementing and monitoring agricultural development programs. The parastatal agencies demonstrated that they could not procure and distribute inputs on a commercial basis. 12. Participating agencies in the proposed project were fully involved in formulation of the agricultural sector strategy and the design of the project, which is kept simple, dealing only with agricultural extension, avoiding the involvement of the extension service in input distribution and development of rural Infrastructure. It emphasizes institution building through the introduction of extension programs based on diagnostic analysis of farmers' problems. The strong features of the T&V system, i.e., systematic training of staff and field supervision, forging close linkage between research and extension, would be combined with the effective feature of the Global 2000 approach, which emphasizes that demonstration plots have to be large (0.5 ha or more) for farmers to appreciate the benefit of improved agricultural technology. Marketing and credit services would be provided by the private sector and the banking system. Farmers would be organized in groups to facilitate the delivery of extension messages and access to services. Rural infrastructure is being developed through separate projects. Extension staff would be trained not only in technical subjects, but also in extension methodologies and the behavioral sciences to improve their effectiveness in diffusing improved agricultural technologies and organizing farmers. Incentives of extension staff would be improved through the provision of accommodation in areas where rental housing is scarce, recognition of good performance by promotions, provision of adequate training facilities, equipment and good working environment. 13. Rationale o DA LI yement. Extension services in Ghana have generally suffered from lack of a cdL-il mass of qualified staff, weak research/extension links, dispersed responsibilities and .4- poor logistics. Covernment's aim of attaining sustained growth In agricultural production cannot be realized without an effective extension service that can promote a widespread diffusion of improved agricultural technology among Ghanaian farmers. The proposed project would be one of the main vehicles for accelerating growth of the agricultural sector. It would significantly strengthen the services of the MCA through human resource, logistic and infrastructure development support and contribute towards facilitating increased productivity of farmers, particularly those of smallholders a majority of which are women. Through its Agricultural Services Initiative in Sub-Saharan Africa, IDA has gained extensive experienc- in establishing functioning professional and accountable systems of extension management, which forge a close link between research, extension and farmers. IDA would impart to the Government the valuable k2sons it has drawn from this experience in planning and Implementing the extension program in Ghana. The hunan resource development component of the project provides training opportunities for key Ghanalan extension staff to learn from successful experiences of extenson management in Nfrican and Asian countries supported by IDA. 14. AgEed. Ac . Agreement was reached at negotiations on the following: (a) MOA would issue a ministerial directive on the implementation of the new unified agricultural extension system and strategy; (b) DABS would prepare an action plan prior to implementing an extension program in any district and submit 4 such plans to IDA by July 1, 1992; (c) MOA would establish regional Research/Extension Liaison Committees in each of the tea regions by September 30, 1992; (b) MOA would cease to hire frontline staff from MOA operated farm institutes and phase out the technical assistant category of frontine staff by December 31, 1995; (d) MOA would fully transfer to the private sector commercial production of seeds and planting materials, except coconut, by December 31, 1993; (e) MOA would bring its agricultural colleges under a common board of management by September 1, 1992, and revise their curricula in collaboration with the Ministry of Education by December 31, 1992; (f) MOA would submit a report on the establishment of the management Information system for the project by September 1, 1992 and Implement the system thereafter; (g) MOA would submit the annual work program and budget for the project by September 30 of each year; (h) the Borrower would deposit into the project account monthly in advance its contribution to the financing of the project; (i) the Borrower shall complete a review of the coat-effectiveness of the provision of extension services in cocoa growing areas by July 1 1993; and () MOA would prepare a mid-term report on the effectiveness and impact of the project for a joint Government/IDA review of the project by March 31, 1995. 15. The cdio of ceit effeiveness are: (a) establish'-g the Project Steering Committee; (b) posting the first complement of subject matter specialists to their respective centers; and (c) opening of an Agricultural Extension Project account with an initial deposit of the equivalent of US$340,000 in Cedis. 16. Enviroe .As t. An integral part of the project is training farmers in: (a) soil fertility maintenance using crop rotation, manure, compost and fertilizers; (b) conservation of soil and water resources using contour plowing and planting of grass strips and hedges and terracing along contour lines; and (c) use of insect tolerant varieties and integrated pest management systems that minimize the use of chemicals. The project would also promote the development of agro-forestry in all ecological zones of the country and popularize energy efficient stoves. The expected increase in land productivity would reduce the need for rapid expansion of cultivated area and destruction of forest resources, promote the intensification of farming and reduce the need for slash-and-burn cultivatio. Thuie developments would have a substantial favorable impact in arresting environmental degradation and Improving the productivity of land resources on a sustainable basis. -5- 17. PrgM ObigciM Caoes. Poverty in Ghana is a primarily rural phenomenon as nearly 80 percent of the national incidence of poverty Is found in the rural areas. Sustained agricultural growth promoted by the project would be of prime importance in alleviating rural poverty and enhancing food security. The project would make a special effort in reaching v nen farmers so as to Improve the productivity of their operation, not only In farming as such, but also in crop processing, preservation, nutrition and farm and househot anagement. . 18. Prie Bnft. The project would help generate substantial increases in food production and would Improve the nutrition, income and standard of living of a iarge number of rural families through the diffusion of improved technologies and facilitating, through farmers' associations, access * to off-farm inputs, credit and markets. About half a million farm households would be directly readed by improved agricultural extension services. Nearly 300,000 households are expected to adopt agricultural Innovations at the end of the project, resulting in incremental production of about 330,00 tons of food crops per year valued at US$40 million. In addition, the project would build the institutional capacity of MOA for planning and coordinating agricultural extension services. Training and -4otinuing education programs would enhance the capabilities of some 3,000 MOA staff at dl levels. 19. Rlaib. Possible project risks would be: (a) ineffective management of the extension program and training of extension staff; (b) low adoption rates of technical recommendations by farmers and/or slow build-up of technology by research; (c) unfavorable input/output price ratios; and (d) failure of Government to sustain the long-term commitment required to achieve durable improvements in the effectiveness of agricultural support services. Improved management of extension services is expected as a result of the improved organization, training, monitoring and evaluation, and consultant services provided under the project. The station and on-farm research support provided by the National Agricultural Research Project and the strong research/extension linkage in planning the research and extension program built in the project should reduce the risks of low adoption rates and slow build-up of technology. Continuing liberalization of the trade regime, improvements in infrastructure and rural institutions are expected to lower the cost of agricultural production and marketing and provide a fvorable incentive framework. The annual review of work plan and budgets, as well as the mid-term review of the project would provide opportunities for program review and enhancing long-term Government commitment. 20. ReMMedaton. I am satisfied that the proposed credit would comply with the Articles of Agreement of the Association and recommend that the Executive Directors approve it. Lewis T. Preston President Attachments Washington D.C. February 25, 1992 -6- Schedule A QH RAN A NATIONAL AGRICLTURAL EXTNSIONPOJC Estimated Cost and Flancina Plan Estimated Project Costs: LOA Eaign 1 (in US$ million equivalent) Strengthening Agricultural Extension 12.01 14.97 26.98 Support to Other MOA Departments 0.84 2.87 3.71 Human Resource Development In-service Training 0.70 1.32 2.02 Agricultural Colleges 114 a 4A Sub-total JH4fAM TOTAL BASE COSTS 14.69 22.40 37.09 Physical Contingencies 1.18 2.06 3.24 Price Contingencies .0 M .ALa TOTAL PROJECT COSTS 16.50 24.61 41.11 of which: Incremental Recurrent costs (6.52) (4.25) (10.77) Duties and Taxes (4.30) (0.00) (4.30) Finadg Plan: Loal oEmisn Folaal (in US$ million equivalent) IDA 5.79 24.61 30.40 Government of Ghana 10.71 - 10.71 Total 16.50 24.61 41.11 -7- Page 1 of 2 NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION iMOJECT Summary of Pronosed Procurement ArranaemeUts (USS million equivalent) ProcureMent Mbethod Project Element ICR LCB Other Total 1. Works 1.1 Buildings 16.28 1.31 17.59 (12.19) (0.98) (13.17) 2. Goods 2.1 Vehicles 5.85 0.08 5.93 (5.20) (0.08) (5.28) 2.2 Equipment 1.61 0.45 0.10 2.16 (1.28) (0.40) (0.10) (1.78) 2.3 Books 1.24 0.02 1.26 (1.24) (0.02) (1.26) 3. Consultancies 3.1 Training 1.33 1.13 (1.18) (1.18) 3.2 Technical Assistance and Studies 2.06 2.06 (2.06) (2.06) 4. Miscellaneous 4.1 Incremental Recurrent Costs 10.78 10.78 (5.67) (5.67) TOTAL 24.98 1.76 14.37 41.11 (19.91) (1.38) (9.11) (30.40) * Figures in parenthesis show share of IDA financing. Scdule a Page 2 of 2 NATINAL AGRICLTURAL EXTENSION PROECT Sunmma i me ch (US$ million equivalent) Amount of Credit % of Expenditure to be Financed Civil Works 11.67 100% of foreign and 75% of local Vehicles 4.68 100% of foreign and 90% local Equipment and Materials 1.22 100% of foreign and 90% of local Books 1.18 100% of foreign and 90% of local Training 1.11 100% of foreign and 80% of local Consultancies & Studies 1.82 100% of foreign and local (net of taxes) Incremental Recurrent Costs 5.36 80% up to December 31, 1995 and 25% thereafter Sub-total 27.04 Unallocated 3.36 TOTAL 30.40 Estimated IDA Disbursements: IDA Fiscal Year Y93 E FY95 EY9 EM IFY98 (US$ million) Annual 3.4 9.2 10.0 6.0 1.6 0.2 Cumulative 3.4 12.6 22.6 28.6 30.2 30.4 Schedule C Page I of I GHANA NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION PROJECT Tientable of Key Project Processing Events Time taken to prepare: 12 months Project prepared by: Government of Ghana First TDA Mission: October-November 1990 Appraisal Mission: June, 1991 Negotiations: December, 1991 Planned Date of Effectiveness: May, 1992 List of Relevant PPARS and PCRs: PPA's None. PCR No. 8765 -10--Scedulv JD THE STATUS OP BANK GROUP OPERATIONS IN GHANA Page I of 2 STATEMENT OP BANK LOANS AND IDA CREDITS (As af Docmber 31. 1991) Amout In US$ Millin Loen er tesa cancellation) Nu~ta Year Bfrle:r wpos Ban IDA Unditbured 10.695 and 36 credits hly dib~rsed 186.22 791.22 Of whch SALa and Program L~ a/ Cr. 1393 83 Ghana Reaol.lrnpoa 40.00 0.00 F-0090 84 Ghana Expqat Rehab. 35.89 0.00 Ck. 1435 84 Ghana Hxpot Rehab. 40.10 0.00 £Y. 1573 85 Ghana Recons. kapolt 60.00 0.00 A00-~ 86 Ghana Rcons. impord 26.97 0.00 Cr. 17'n 87 h 8AC1 34.00 0.00 A 250 87 Ghana SAC I 81.00 0.00 A.0130 86 Ghana IndustriaI sector Adjus. 25.00 0.00 A.021 88 Ghana SAC I 15.00 0.00 Cr. 1911-1 89 Ghana Financial Secor Adjust. 6.60 0.00 Cr. 2005-1 90 Ghana SAC U 5.70 0.00 Cr. 20~s 89 Ghana SAC U 120.00 0.00 Cr. 2005-2 90 Ghana SAC il 8.30 0.00 b 498.56 0.00 Ck. 1498 84 Ghana Second il Palm 25.00 6.08 Cr. 1564 85 Ghana Accr District Rehab. 22.00 3.97 Cr. 1601 85 Ghana Road Rehab. & Manean~ 40.00 0.24 A-00 85 Ghana Road Rehab. & Malntenne 10.00 0.10 Cr. 1653 86 Ghana Health & Efhatin Rehab. 15.00 1.38 Cr. 1672 86 laa Industrial Sector Adjust. 28.50 0.17 Cr. 1674 86 Ghana Ports Rehablitation 24.50 1.05 Cr. 1744 8 Ghana Education Sector Adjust. 34.50 0.79 Cr. 1759 87 Ghana Northemr Ord Extens~on 6.30 0.36 Cr. 1778 87 Ghana Stre. Adjust. Inst. Suppor 10.80 0.17 Cr. 1801 87 Ghana Agricultural Svoa. Rehab. 17.00 6.37 C. 1819 87 Ghana Petroleum Ret. & Dist. 15.00 10.11 Cr. 1847 88 Ghana Public Enterprim TA 10.50 7.78 Cr. 1834 88 Ghana Cocma Rehabiliation 40.00 40.40 Cr. 1838 88 Ghan Transport Rchabilitatbon I 60.00 36.48 Cr. 1874 88 Ghana Prioity Wors 10,60 3.88 Cr. 1921 88 Ghana Mining Setor Rehab. 40.00 20.55 C. 1911 • 88 Ghana Financial Secto Adjust. 100.00 3.25 C. 1946 89 Ghana Teleconmuncations n 19.00 11.50 Cr. 1976 89 Ghana Poes« Ros. Manageen 39.40 32.04 Cf. 1996 89 Ghana Private SME Dev. 30.00 23.08 C. 2039 89 Ghana Water Sector Rehab. 25.00 21.99 Cr. 2040 89 Ghana Rral Financ 20.00 16.25 Cr. 2061 90 Ghana Fifh Power ~iC) 40.00 32.62 Ct. 2109 90 Ghana VRA~Sixth Power 20.0, 21.22 Cr. 2140 * 90 Ghana Education Sector Adjust. u 50.00 35.97 Cr. 2157 90 Ghana U~ban 1 70.00 69.74 Cr. 2180 91 Ghana Agric. Diveruifcaton 16.50 17.24 Cr. 2192 91 Ghana Transport Rehabilitatio n 96.00 93.67 C. 2193 91 Ghana Re~h & Por" tin 27.00 26.06 Cr. 2224 91 Ghana Econ. Management Suppor 15.00 13.94 Cr. 2236 91 Ghana Private lavestment 120.00 59.14 Cr. 2236-1 b/ 92 Ghana Private 1nvestm r Supp. 6.10 6.58 Cr. 2247 91 Ghana National AgiC. Resear h 22.00 22.75 Cr. 2278 91 Gha Comunily Secondary Schools 14.70 11.40 Cr. 2318 b/ 92 Ghana Pinancial Sctor Adjust. UI 100.00 105.82 Cr. 2319 bl 92 Ghana National F~nden Reada 55.00 57.91 TOTAL 186.22 286.62 822.05 of whihha boen sp112.72 13.61 T1 AL ar hold by ~ak and IDA 73.50 23.01 Afnf so 0.38 4f ~apal 0.38 V0TAL -I-a- 822.05 al C munsd g r arv^. bw teNyeifnetlve. -11- Schedule D STATEMENT OF IFC INVESTMENTS Page 2 of 2 (As of Decembw 31, 1991) Fiscal Amount in US$ million year Borrower Type of Business Loan Equity Total 1984 Ashanti Goldfields Mining 55.0 - 55.0 1/ Corp. 1986 Keta Basin Oil Oil - 4.5 4.5 2/ Exploration 1988 Canadian Bogosu Mining - 0.6 0.6 Resources Ltd. 1989 Canadian Bogosu Mining - 0.4 0.4 Resources H 1989 Wahome Steel Ltd. Steel Mfg. 3.2 - 3.2 1989 Canadian Bogosu Mining 47.5 0.5 48.0 3/ Resources III 1989 Continental Merchant Banking - 0.9 0.9 Acceptances Ltd. 1990 Ashanti Goldfields Mining 70.0 - 70.0 4/ Corp. H 1990 Iduapriem Mining - 3.0 3.0 1991 Alugan (AEF) Aluminum 0.3 - 0.3 1991 Plastic Laminates (AEF) Plastics 0.6 - 0.6 1991 Hotel Investments, Ltd. Tourism 4.2 - 4.2 1991 Dimples In (AEF) Tourism 0.2 - 0.2 1991 Canadian Bogosu Mining 0.8 0.4 1.2 Resources IV 1991 Continental Merchant Banking 3.0 0.0 3.0 Acceptances II 1991 Ghanal Aluminium - 0.4 0.4 1991 Securities Discount Rouse - 0.2 0.2 Discount House 1991 Appiah-Menakh (AEF) Soap Mfg. 0.9 - 0.9 1991 Iduapriew H Mining 48.0 - 48.0 51 1991 Packrite (AEF) Boxes Mfg. 0.6 - 0.6 Approved Projects but not signed as of Dec.31, 1991 1992 Wahome Steel Ltd.I Steel Mfg. 2.0 - 2.0 1992 Ejura Farms Agriculture 1.6 - 1.6 1992 HIG SwaplLabadi Tourism 1.3 - 1.3 Total Gross Commitment 234.3 10.9 245.2 Less repayments and write-offs 26.3 4.5 30.8 Total Commitments Now Hold by IFC 208.0 6.4 214.4 Total Undisbursed 49.4 1.1 50.5 Total Uncommitted 4.9 4.9 If Insta a 8S$=7.5 aWifn pakpade.* 41 ftuds a U5$35.0 a=os8 pdicpsm. 2f ans was awy wrIa ..ft S udes a ss0.0 nalma p. erposia.. IBRD 18395R2 BURKINA FASO 1. GHANA 1s SOIL SUITABILITY FOR CROP PRODUCTION HIGH RAINPALL FOREST FOOD CROPS Bonono Citrus INDUSTRIAL CROPS: Oilpolm, Rubber EXPORT CROPS Black Popper 10 SEMI-DECIDUOUS FOREST FOOD CROPS Maze. Cossava, Plontan Cocoyom, Fruit INDUSTRIAL CROPS- OgIlm, Rubber Ex2 CROPS. Cacc, Cof fee ( - . - TRANSITIONAL ZON! COASTAL SAVANNAH FOOD CROPS Maize, Sorghum, .-- -- Millet, Cossova. Yom. Groundnut, Cowpeo, Mongg ° --.- - , üUSTRIAL CROPS; - - -- Coton, Tobacco, Kenof - COASTAL SAVANNAH FOOD CROPS. Rice - --INDUSTRIAL CROPS: CO TE -Sugorcwn. INTERIOR SAVANNAH - .E -1FOOD CROPS Sorghum. Milet, Cossovo, Yom, Groundnut, Cowpeo, Mongo --INDUSTRIAL CROPS: Cotton, Tobacco, Kenaf 8- -irTERIOR SAVANNAH - 2ý Posture -rn COASTAL STRIP EXPORT CROPS: Coconut E== VALLEY 80TTOM FOOD CROPS: Rice --FORE RESERVE/A RESER t1I9) -Region Boundaries -- International Boundaries Keta -ACICRA S010 20 30 450 MILES rn Takoradi 10 20 40 60 80 KILOMETERS S see eJANaUa aaeRYo 1dme f Ü N Ó0 ~as me ff.f$Ne eMnG SS ad nt e atnS ntee w cepa arAmau - nenl cnSennan ra nSW geSS'wSa.t a e*tc Mant en c e SSt .ANUA RY 1l987 IBRD 18395R2 32°1° 0° 1° 2 ° BURKINA FASO GHANA w SOIL SUITABIlTY FOR CROP PRODUCTION HIGH RAINFAU FOREST FOOD CROPS Bonono. Citrvs INDUSTRIAL CROPS: Oilpolm, Rubber EXPORT CROPS. Block Pepper 10°- SEMDECIDUOUS FOREST 5- FOOD CROPS Maie, Cassava, Plantomn, Cocoyamt. Fruit INDUSTRIAL CROPS: Ollpolm, Rubber EXPORT CROPS: Cocoo, Coffee TRANSITIONAL ZONE COASTAL SAVANNAH FOOD CROPS Maize, Sorghum, Millet, Cassovo, Yom, Groundnut, Cowpeo, Mongg. 9 INDUSTRIAL CROPS: - Coton, Tobacco, Kenof - -COASTAL SAVANNAH FOOD CROPS. Rice INDUSTRIAL CROPS: CO TE 4=ugrcn INTERIOR SAVANNAH D IVOIR E FOOD CROPS Sorghum. Millet, Cossovo, Yom, Groundnut, Cowpea, Mongo INDUSTRIAL CROPS: SCotton, Tobocco, Kenof 8- INTERIOR SAVANNAH u Postvre COASTAL STRIP U EXPORT CROPS: Coconut seeaVALLEY BOTTOM FOOD CROPS: Rice 7 - FOREST RESERVE/GAME RESERVE Region Boundones International Boundories Kel ACCRA 5 ~0 lp 2030 40O5 MILES5- Tokoradio 20 4 60 80 iLOMETERS ftnc cowanst mea~anU5oesaaeDI,uomassas$A NURY 8e7 ea nor awl. endW s < Sete IIUWareend afl0ausnsumanceotaol a0.a es ~a alsiedV,hyoar*Wy any nføsemnt OUaccac oo neadesf -. JANUA RY '198Ÿ 方！