Mauritania - Elements of household energy strategy

, _ E~~~~~~S "/?91 / 2 3 Ene Seient f P F lia @ ]~~~- 1 ,1 0 Elements of Household E Rnergy Strategy Report Nio. 123/90  4' ) ENERGY SECTOR MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE PROGRAM PURPOSE The Worid Bank/UNDP/Bilateral Aid Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP) was launched in 1983 to complemnent the Energy Assessment Program which had been established three years earlier. The Assessment Program was designed to Identify the most serious energy problems facing some 70 developing countries and to propose remedial action. ESMAP was conceived, In part, as a preinvestnient facility to help implement recommendations made during the course of assessment. Today ESMAP is carrying out preinvestment and prefeasibility activities in about 60 countries and is providing a wiis range of institutional and policy advice. The program plays a significant role in the overall intemational effort to provide technical assistance to the energy sector of developing countries. It attempts to strengthen the impact of bilateral and muilateral resources and private sector investment The findings and recommendations emerging from ESMAP country activities provide governments, donors, and potential investors with the information needed to identify economically and environmentally sound energy projects and to accelerate their preparation and implementation. ESMAP's policy and research work analyzing cross-country trends and issues In specific energy subsectors make an imporant contribution in highlighting critical problems and suggesting solutions. ESMAP's operational activities are managed by three units within the Energy Strategy Management and Assessment Division of the Industry and Energy Department at the World Bank. - The Enerav Efficienc and S beav Unt engages in energy assessments addressing institutional, financial, and policy issues, design of sector strategies, the strengthening of energy sector enterprises and sector management, the defining of Investment programs, efficiency improvements in energy supply, and energy use, training and research. - The Household and Renwable n Un addresses technical, economic, financial, institutional and policy issues in the areas of energy use by urban and rural households and small industries, and includes tradMitonal and modem fuel supplies, prefeasibility studies, pilot activities, technology assessments, seminars and workshops, and polcy and research work. - The Natural Gas DeveROt Unit addresses gas issues and promotes the development and use of natural gas in developing countriesthrough preinvestmentwork, formulating natural gas development and related environmental strategies, and research. EUNDING The ESMAP Program is a major international effort supported by the Wordd Bank, the United Nations Development Programme, and Bilateral Aid from a number of countries inciuding Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the Unied States. FURTHER INFORMATION For further information or copies of the completed ESMAP reports listed at the end of this document, contact: Energy Strategy Management OR Division for Global and Interregional and Assessmernt Diision Programmes Industry &d Energy Department United Nations Development Programme The World Bank One United Nations Plaza 1818 H Street N.W. New York, NY 10017 Washington, D.C. USA 20433 USA  KAURITANIA ELEMENTS OF A IOUSEBOLD SElGC STRATICY JULY 1990 Household Energy Unit Industry and Energy Department The World Bank Washington, D.C., U.S.A. This document has a restricted distribution. Its contents may not be disclosed without authorization from the Government, the World BSank, or the UNDP.  FOREWORD This report summarizes the results and conclusions of the Household Energy Strategy Study carried out within the World Bank/UNDP/Bilateral Aid program in the Islamic Republic of Mauritania. I/ Participation of personnel of the Energy Directorate (Ministry of Hydraulics and Energy; and the Protection of Nature Directorate (Ministry of Rural Development) was particularly important during data collection and analysis as well as energy demand forecast. 1/ Members of the team were: Robert van der Plas (Project Coordinator); G6rard Radon (Survey Specialist); Piet Visser (Stove Specialist); Eric Ferguson (Knergy Specialist); Pedro Pinhero (Petroleum Products Specialist); Michel Matly (Energy Economist); Cheikh Sead-Bouh Kamara (Sociologist).  ABBREVTONS BTFA Base Technique Foyers Am6lior6s DE Direction de l'Energie DPI Direction de la Protection de la Nature ESNAP Joint World Bank/UNDP/Bilateral Aid Energy Sector Management Assistance Program Rebb Habitate spontan&; bidonville MDR Minist6re du Developpement Rural MEPP Societe Mauritanienne d'Entreposage des Produits Petroliers MF Minist4re de Finances MiE Minist&re de l'Hydraulique et de lI'Energie PIP Programme d'Investissement Prioritaire P1EV Programme de Redressement Economique et Financier UNDP United Nations Development programme UNIFEM United Nations Women's Organization UNSO United Nations Sudano-Sahelian Office SNCPP Societ6 Mauritanienne de Commercialisation des Produits P6troliers SON&GAZ Soci6t& Mauritanienne de Gaz, S0O1IR Societe Mauritanienne de l'Industrie de Raffinage SONELEC Societe Nationale d'Eau et d'Electricite STPN Societe des Transports Publiques Nationaux GJ 1000 MJ kgOE kg of Oil Equivalent (il/1000 TOE) xJ I million J; I kWh - 3.6 NJ MT Metric tonne; equivalent to 1000 kg TOE Tonne of Oil Equivalent (42 GJ) CURRENCY RATE US $1 - UM 74 (August 1988)  TABLE OF CONTENTS Page EXECUTIVE SUMMARY I.* INTRODUCTrION ....... 0ee*.... ................... .. .......... ........ 1 Mauritania: Economic and Demographic Background........ 1 The Household Energy Sector.............................. 4 Special Role of Nouakchott............................ 9 The Nature of the Problem: Urban Demand, Rural Supply, and Large Distances........................... 9 Existing Institutions and Policies...................... 10 Institutions ....................... ** ......* * ............ 10 Policies, Programs and Results........................ 11 Objectives of the Household Energy Strategy............. 12 II. URBAN HOUSEHOLD FUELS AND ISSUES .......................... 13 Introduction ooo,*.,oo***.,**....... Xoo 13 Overall Structure of Household Fuel Use................. 14 Fuel Mxs.............................. 14 Fuel Quantities Used For Cooking...................... 16 Household Expenditures and Cooking Fuels................ 17 Evaluation of Household Energy Sources.................. 20 Wood ....................................................... 20 :-barcoal ..................................................... 24 LPG****