Mapping of woodfuel resources in Tanzania using spot satellite data

,f/' __ * ~~~103 1 World Bank/UNDP/Bilateral Aid Energy Sector Management Assistance Program INSTITUTE OF RESOURCE ASSESSMENT UNIVERSITY OF DAR ES SALAAM AND SWEDISH SPACE CORPORATION KIRUNA MAPPING OF WOODFUEL RESOURCES IN TANZANIA USING SPOT SATELUITE DATA I.S. KIKULA, E.K. SHISHIRA AND B. PAULSSON REPORT FOR JOINT UNDP/WORLD BANK EHIERGY SECTOR MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE PROGRAM DECEMBER 1990 Household Energy Unit Industry and Energy Department The World Bank Washington, D.C. 20433  TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No. EXECUTIVE SUMKARY ................................... ............ i Introduction .................. *.* .... .......................i Methodology ........ ................ 0 * iii Results ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~iv The Use of SPOT Imagery Dataeoa.ta................... v I. INTRODUCTIONeso9a ..1 Background to the Project.oo..o...o ject....... e. ee.. 1 Overview of Remote Sensing for Vegetation Mapping in Tanzania...................... . . . 5 Terms of Reference ................ . 14 II. AREAS COVERED ............................................. 16 The Tabora-Mwanza Segment.............................. .. 16 The Arusha Segment............. *O.... ... 18 .he Dar-es-Salaam Segment ....... ..................... .. 19 III. METHODOLOGY ....... o... o............................... 19 Pre-study and Development of Methods................... 19 Digital classifications........ ................ ....... 21 {Output ............. ............................... 21 Type Map**. .................................... 22 Vegetation Index Map.................................. 22 Combined Map.......................................... 22 Visual Interpretation.. ................... 22 Review of Pre-study Results and Definition Methodology for the Full Scale Study ................ 23 Image Acquisition, Processing and Delivery ............ 25 General Production Procedure ........ .. ................ 25 SPOT Programming and Data Acquisition ............... 25 Production of Imagery....................... .. .... 27 Mapping Classification . .............................. . 28 Fieldwork .o*.**..o.oooo*..ooo.o.so..o.o......................... 32 Timing of fieldwork........ ........................ .. . 32 Fieldwork Procedureo...oo...........**e.eoe**........9 32 Preparation for fieldwork. ........................... 33 Visual Interpretation of the 1:50,000 Map Sheets, Preparation of Overlays and area Measurements....... 35 IV. SPOT DATA AS A BASE FOR VEGETATION ANALYSIS IN SUBSAHARAN AFRICA.................................o....... 37 Seasonal effects .. .. ....... ..... .... . 37 Acquisition and Delivery of Data-Consitions and Constraints ... _... .ooe."o... o***6..oo.......................... 38 Cost of Operations and Timing of the Project.......... 44 Analysis: Problems and Prospects Relating to this Type of Remote Sensing Operations................ 44  Page No. V. THE OVERLAYS................. ......... .........**** ..... .. 49 VI. EUT ................................. 49 VII. REFERENCES ........................................... 54 TABLES: 1. The Legend Used in the Main Study ..................... vi 1. Population Projections for the Four Target Urban 2. Comparative Characteristics of Land Resource Satellites .................................................... . 10 3. SPOT Scenes and Map Sheets Required per Location...... 15 4. Demand-Supply Estimates for Woodfuel/Forestry Project Areas ................... 17 5. The Legend Used in the Main Study ..................... 29 6. Imagery Acquisition... . .................. ... 42 7. Land Cover Interpretability From SPOT Images .......... 47 8. Summary Sheet Area Coverage Data - Arusha....o....... 50 9. Summary Sheet Area Coverage Data - Dar-es-Salaam ...... 51 10. Summary Sheet Area Coverage Data - Iringa........... .. 52 11. Summary Sheet Area Coverage Data - Tabora/Mwanza...... 53 FIGURES: 1: Segmental Coverage with SPOTSAT Over Tanzania........ ii 1: Segmental Coverage with SPOTSAT Over Tanzania......... 2 2: Improvements in the Resolution of Satellite Imagery. 5 3: SPOT Receiving Stations .................... ........... 9 4: Coverage Characteristics of SPOT Satellite ........... 11 3: Revisit Capabilities--.......-...... 000 -............. 12 6: Reflectivity of Different Bands...................... 13 7: Production Procedure at SSC Satimage................. 26 8: Mean Railfall - Temperature Lumbwe Me.eorological Station 1977-88 ......... .......................... 39 9: Mean Rainfall - Temperature Ulowa Meteorological 40 Station 1977-88 .....................se............... 40 10: Mean Rainfall - Temperature Urambo Meteorological Station 1978-88 ................................................. 41 ANNEfES: 1. Tabora-Mwanza Segment Area Statistics 2. Iringa Segment Area Statistics 3. Arusha Segment Area Statistics 4. Dar-es-Salaam Area Statistics  EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Introduction 1. This is a report for the joint World Bank/UNDP Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP) en .he mapping of natural woodlands in Tanzania using SPOT satellite data. The contract for the study was signed on 24th Nov. 1987. The study covers four woodfuel catchment areas, namely those around Dar es Salaam, Iringa, Tabora-Mwanza and Arusha (See Fig. 1). All the areas covered are important woodfuel target areas for either urban supply, the tobacco industry or both. 2. The report consists of the following parts: - Executive Summary - Main Report - Annex 1: Tabora-Mwanza Segment Statistics - Annex 2: Iringa gegment Statistics - Annex 3: Arusha Segment Statistics. - Annex 4: Dar-es-Salaam Segment Statistics 3. The assessment of the woodfuel resources was to be done in three main stages, namely: a pre-study (to determine the methodology); the production of imagery maps and ground cover/vegetation overlays, which is the essence of this study; and the final stage will be a biomass inventory based on the ground cover/vegetation maps produced by this study. The objective of this last stage is the generation of biomass data. It will also provide details on species composition of the different land cover types. The information accumulating from all these tasks will form the basis for more systematic programs to upgrade the management of the peri-urban woodfuel sources and those in the tobacco growing areas. 4. This work is an outcome of a consensus reached between the Government of Tanzania and ESMAP after reviewing the Energy Assessment report on Tanzania (UNDP/World Bank 1984). The need was expressed to formulate and implement comprehensive woodfuel development strategies for the major urban centers of Dar es Salaam, Dodoma, Mwanza and the tobacco producing regions of Tabora and Iringa. Subsequently, an ESMAP mission; carried out in October 1986 and culminating in an interim report in April 1987, identified the options for alleviation of woodfuel supplies shortages. It also identified the need for updating the information on the nature and extent of tree biomass resources in the peri-urban and tobacco growing areas as a basis for planning tioodfuel and woodlands management. 5. The first step in the assessment process involved the use of satellite remote sensing methods to generate up-to-date stratified maps of woody biomass/land cover types. Swedish Space Corporation was contracted to provide SPOT satellite images and the Institute of Resource  - ii - Figure 1: Segmental Coverage with SPOTSAT Over Tanzania I I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I E 30e 320 34e 36 38 40e E UGANDA 0 80 160 240 km 3 14-1:L, |Dv~c 35L.Nyaa5 InternMpatnal boundary