Turkey - Third Agricultural Credit Project

Document of The World Bank FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Report No. P-4462-TU MEMORANDUM AND RECOMMENDATION OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE INTERNATIONAL BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT TO THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS ON A PROPOSED LOAN IN AN AMOUNT EQUIVALENT TO US$250 MILLION TO THE REPUBLIC OF TURKEY FOR A THIRD AGRICULTURAL CREDIT PROJECT MAY 12, 1989 This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization.  CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (April, 1989) US$1 = Turkish Lira (TL) 2,057 TL 1,000 = US$0.49 TL 1,000,000 = US$486 FISCAL YEAR January 1 - December 31 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 1 kilogram (kg) = 2.20 pounds 1 metric ton = 1,000 kilograms, 0.98 long ton 1 hectare (ha) = 2.47 acres 1 decare . = 0.1ha 1 square kilometer (kM2) = 0.386 square mile ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS USED FSAL - Financial Sector Adjustment Loan SAL - Structural Adjustment Loan SPO - State Planning Organization TCZB - Turkiye Cumhuriyeti Ziraat Bankasi (Agricultural Bank of Turkey) TKK - Agricultural Credit Cooperatives TMO - Soil Products Office  FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY TURKEY THIRD AGRICULTURAL CREDIT PROJECT LOAN AND PROJECT SUMMARY Borrower: Republic of Turkey Implementing Agency: Agricultural Bank of Turkey (TCZB) Beneficiaries: About 210,000 Turkish farmers borrowing through TCZB and the Agricultural Credit Cooperatives (TKK) Amount: US$250 million Terms: Seventeen years, including a five-year grace period, at the Bank's standard variable interest rate. Onlending Terms: The Government would onlend the proceeds of the Bank loan to TCZB for a duration identical to that applicable to the Loan, and at the interest rate applicable to the relevant sub-loan, less a spread of 4% for TCZB. Medium- and long-term sub-loans to farmers would generally be for two to twelve years, including a grace period of up to five years, with terms for individual loans decided in accordance with cash flow projections. Incremental short-term credit would be for one year or less. Interest rates would be established by the Government in accordance with its agreement to bring, by March 31, 1990, the weighted average interest rate, and by March 31, 1991, all interest rates to positive levels in real terms, and to maintain positive real rates thereafter. The foreign exchange risk for the credit components would be assumed by the Government, with the Borrower paying an exchange risk premium. Financing Plan: Farmers US$357 million TCZB US$605 million TKK US$ 25 million World Bank (IBRD) US$250 million TOTAL US$1,227 million Economic Rates of Return: 17-71% depending on type of farm investment. Staff Appraisal Report: 6627-TU This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization.  E  FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY TURKEY THIRD AGkICULTURAL CREDIT PROJECT LOAN AND PROJECT SUMMARY Borrower: Republic of Turkey Implementing Agency: Agricultural Bank of Turkey (TCZB) Beneficiaries: About 210,000 Turkish farmers borrowing through TCZB and the Agricultural Credit Cooperatives (TKK) Amount: US$250 million Terms: Seventeen years, including a five-year grace period, at the Bank's standard variable interest rate. Onlending Terms: The Government would onlend the proceeds of the Bank loan to TCZB for a duration identical to that applicable to the Loan, and at the interest rate applicable to the relevant sub-loan, less a spread of 4% for TCZB. Medium- and long-term sub-loans to farmers would generally be for two to twelve years, including a grace period of up to five years, with terms for individual loans decided in accordance with cash flow projections. Incremental short-term credit would be for one year or less. Interest rates would be established by the Government in accordance with its agreement to bring, by March 31, 1990, the weighted average interest rate, and by March 31, 1991, all interest rates to positive levels ini real terms, and to maintain positive real rates thereafter. The foreign exchange risk for the credit components would be assumed by the Government, with the Borrower paying an exchange risk premium. Financing Plan: Farmers US$357 million TCZB US$605 million TKK US$ 25 million World Bank (IBRD) US$250 million TOTAL US$1,227 million Economic Rates of Return: 17-71% depending on type of farm investment. Staff Appraisal Report: 6627-TU This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization.   FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY TURKEY THIRD AGRICULTURAL CREDIT PROJECT LOAN AND PROJECT SUMMARY Borrower: Republic of Turkey Implementing Agency: Agricultural Bank of Turkey (TCZB) Beneficiaries: About 210,000 Turkish farmers borrowing through TCZB and the Agricultural Credit Cooperatives (TKK) Amount: US$250 million Terms: Seventeen years, including a five-year grace period, at the Bank's standard variable interest rate. Onlending Terms: The Government would onlend the proceeds of the Bank loan to TCZB for a duration identical to that applicable to the Loan, and at the interest rate applicable to the relevant sub-loan, less a spread of 4% for TCZB. Medium- and long-term sub-loans to farmers would generally be for two to twelve years, including a grace period of up to five years, with terms for individual loans decided in accordance with cash flow projections. Incremental short-term credit would be for one year or less. Interest rates would be established by the Government in accordance with its agreement to bring, by March 31, 1990, the weighted average interest rate, and by March 31, 1991, all interest rates to positive levels in real terms, and to maintain positive real rates thereafter. The foreign exchange risk for the credit components would be assumed by the Government, with the Borrower paying an exchange risk premium. Financing Plan: Farmers US$357 million TCZB US$605 million TKK US$ 25 million World Bank (IBRD) US$250 million TOTAL US$1,227 million Economic Rates of Return: 17-71% depending on type of farm investment. Staff Appraisal Report: 6627-TU This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization.  I  MEMORANDUM AND RECOMMENDATION OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE INTERNATIONAL BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT TO THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS ON A PROPOSED LOAN TO THE REPUBLIC OF TURKEY FOR A THIRD AGRICULTURAL CREDIT PROJECT 1. The following memorandum and recommendation on a proposed loan to the Republic of Turkey for US$250 million equivalent for a Third Agricultural Credit Project is submitted for approval. The proposed loan would have a term of 17 years, including five years grace and interest at the Bank's standard variable rate. The Government would onlend the proceeds of the Bank loan to the Agricultural Bank of Turkey (TCZB). About US$249 millioni of the proposed loan would be onlent by TCZB to farmers, either directly by TCZB or indirectly through the Agricultural Credit Cooperatives. The Government would bear the foreign exchange risk and would receive a premium from TCZB for this coverage (para. 6). 2. Background. While the relative importance of the agriculture sector in the economy has been declining, it still represents about 15% of GDP, 20% of export earnings, and 57% of civilian employment. The growth rates of agricultural GDP and exports are projected to remain below those for the rest of the economy. Nevertheless, the agriculture sector will continue to play a significant role in meeting domestic food needs, supplying industrial raw materials, and providing foreign exchange earnings and employment. In 1980, the Government initiated a structural adjustment program aimed at developing an outward-oriented economy with increased reliance on market forces. This program has been supported by five Structural Adjustment Loans (SALs). More recently, the Government has sought to deepen the process at the sectoral level. In agriculture, as part of the agreed program under the SALs and an Agricultural Sector Adjustment Loan (FY85), the Government has focussed on (i) reform of the policy and incentive framework, (ii) rationalization of the public investment program, (iii) revision of input prices and distribution, (iv) improvement of technical services, and (v) strengthening of the agricultural credit system. In addition, the Drainage and On-Farm Development Project is helping to improve the programming of investment in the irrigation subsector, and the Agricultural Extension and Applied Research Project is supporting the introduction of an improved extension system and adaptation of research to the needs of farmers. The proposed project would be the third agricultural credit project for Turkey and would build on experience with institutional development and credit programs gained under the first two projects. 3. Project Objectives. The proposed project is aimed at (i) the expansion of agricultural credit, and (ii) institutional development of the agricultural credit institutions. It would support reforms to strengthen TCZB and the credit operations of the Agricultural Credit Cooperatives. These institutions provide virtually all of the country's agricultural credit. It  - 2 - would expand credit to meet the full requirements of farmers who now have access to credit and also reach creditworthy farmers not currently receiving institutional credit, thus facilitating the growth of agricultural production and incomes. 4. Project Description. The proposed project would support the lending and institutional development program of TCZB, the largest bank in the country. While TCZB would make loans to farmers direct, the agricultural credit cooperatives, which lend primarily to small- and medium-scale farmers, would serve as additional channels for such loans utilizing resources provided by TCZB. TCZB's institutional development program initiated during the Second Agricultural Credit Project would focus on (i) reorganization of the head office, (ii) decentralization through main provincial branches, (iii) strengthening the loan appraisal/supervision/evaluation system, (iv) program budgeting, (v) cost accounting, and (vi) personnel development involving manpower planning, performance evaluation, staff compensation, and training. Improvements in the credit operations of the cooperatives would be achieved through their adoption of lending policies and procedures similar to the revised procedures to be used by TCZB. The credit program would include all viable farm activities and would be expanded from the ten provinces covered under the Second Agricultural Credit Project to the 45 (of 67) provinces where a core extension service exists, and where the loan appraisal/supervision capacity of the credit institutions is adequate. The project, to be carried out over three years, would provide US$249.4 million for incremental short-term credit and medium/long-term credit, and US$0.6 million for institutional development in the form of consultant services and fellowships. Loans disbursed by TCZB between July 1, 1988 and the loan signature date would be covered by retroactive financing of up to 10% of the loan amount. The total cost of the project is estimated at US$1,227 million equivalent, with a foreign exchange component of 46%. A breakdown of costs and the financing plan are shown in Schedule A. Amounts and methods of procurement and disbursements and the disbursement schedule are shown in Schedule B. A timetable of key project processing events and the status of Bank Group operations in Turkey are given in Schedules C and D, respectively. A map is also attached. The Staff Appraisal Report (No. 6627-TU), dated May 12, 1989 is being distributed separately. 5. Rationale for Bank Involvement. The proposed project would be an integral part of the Bank's strategy for assisting development of the agriculture sector. It would continue assistance for TCZB's credit programs which have expanded the coverage and quality of the credit delivery system and have also been instrumental in supporting the formulation and initiation of TCZB's institutional development program. It would also support institution-building activities for the credit cooperatives, strengthening their ability to serve their membership of small- and medium-scale farmers. The Bank loan which, at present, is the only major external source of long-term capital, would finance about 22% of the resource gap projected by TCZB for its agricultural lending during 1989-91. By providing the credit required for a fuller utilization of investments, it would also complement other Bank-assisted operations such as extension and irrigation under Loans 2405 (Agricultural Extension and Applied Research), 2433 (Igdir-Aksu-Eregli- Ercis Irrigation) and 2663 (Drainage and On-farm Development). The Bank's continued support is vital for the success of the wide-ranging administrative and policy changes which have been initiated by TCZB's management during the  past few months as a means of substantially strengthening the agricultural credit system in Turkey. 6. Agreed Actions. (a) TCZB has agreed to the following actions: (i) implement an institutional development program agreed with the Bank, (ii) execute the project credit program in accordance with principles incorporated in new agricultural credit guidelines to be issued, covering the entire operations of TCZB, and project-specific credit guidelines to be issued as a condition of effectiveness, and (iii) provide project funds to the credit cooperatives in accordance with an agreement satisfactory to the Bank to be signed as a condition of disbursement against loans to the credit cooperatives. (b) Government and TCZB have agreed to sign a protocol between the TCZB and the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Rural Affairs providing for the coordination of credit and extension programs. The Government and TCZB will sign an agreement incorporating the foreign exchange risk arrangements, as a condition of effectiveness. The Government would cover the foreign exchange risk for which it would receive the interest charged by TCZB for each loan less a 4% margin for TCZB to cover its administrative cost. The difference between the payments to be received from TCZB and the Bank's lending rate would be the premium for the foreign exchange risk coverage. (c) Government is firmly committed to the objective of bringing all agricultural interest rates back to positive levels in real terms. Therefore, in addition to the rate increases in all agricultural interest rates which took place in February and November 1988, in May 1989 the Government increased interest rates for tractor and combine harvester loans, and restricted access by farmers to loans for fertilizer and livestock at the minimum interest rate (34%). This will require larger farmers to take loans at higher rates which will result in a higher weighted average interest rate and a reduction in interest rate subsidies. The following future actions have been agreed upon: (i) institute by effectiveness of the Loan a review mechanism under which the appropriateness of the current agricultural interest rates will be examined at least once per year and proposals will be made for rate adjustments, if necessary. Thereafter, the lowering of agricultural interest rates will only be possible through the agreed review mechanism; (ii) bring, by March 31, 1990, the weighted average interest rate to positive levels as an intermediate step; (iii) bring, by March 31, 1991, all agricultural interest rates to positive levels and maintain positive rates thereafter; (iv) set, by the end of 1991, agricultural interest rates at levels which would allow TCZB to cover all lending-related costs; (v) compensate TCZB, by the end of 1989, for overdue amounts under loans to the agricultural sales cooperatives made with Government guarantees; (vi) make arrangements designed to ensure that TCZB's future involvement in programs for the procurement of agricultural commodities would not adversely affect its lending operations or its financial viability; and (vii) raise TCZB's net worth as ratio of average total resources in accordance with a program acceptable to the Bank. 7. Justification. TCZB has made significant progress in the organizational and financial restructuring started at the beginning of 1988. In this context it has substantially increased its net worth and its provisions for bad debts and, in November 1988, carried out a major reorganization. The restructuring process would continue throughout the implementation of the project. The strengthening of the TCZB and credit cooperative operations would result in a more effective and efficient credit  - 4 - delivery system. The project funds fill part of TCZB's resource gap and expand credit which would result in enhanced agricultural production and incomes. As fertilizer subsidies are gradually phased out, demand for credit is expected to increase and would be accommodated by project funds. Together with the modification of lending policies (particularly the easing of collateral requirements), the expansion of credit would particularly benefit small- and medium-scale farmers. The incremental output generated by the project activities would be absorbed primarily by growing domestic consumption. Only limited quantities of a few commodities such as grains and pulses would be exported. Financial rates of return for the major types of farm investment activities are estimated to range from 13 to 51 percent, while economic rates of return are expected to be in the range of 17-71 percent. 8. Risks. Continuation of high inflation and economic disequilibrium could jeopardize the performance of the agriculture sector and reduce demand for credit. The Government is committed to a package of reforms, which are expected to reduce inflation and the fiscal deficit. The Government and the Bank are closely monitoring implementation of the reform program. A second major area of risk concerns delays or changes in the institutional development program of TCZB. However, progress in institutional development to date has exceeded expectations, resulting not only in a substantially strengthened management of TCZB, but a reorientation of its policies aimed at reducing inefficiency and developing a strong and viable agricultural credit system. Furthermore, TCZB will benefit from the Government's efforts to rationalize the operations of all public sector enterprises. 9. Recommendation. I am satisfied that the proposed loan would comply with the Articles of Agreement of the Bank and recommend that the Executive Directors approve the proposed loan. Barber B. Conable President Attachments Washington DC (Date)  -5- Schedule A TURKEY THIRD AGRICULTURAL CREDIT PROJECT Estimated Costs and Financing Plan Estimated Costs /a Local Foreign Total - - - - - (US$ million) - - - - - Farm Development Incremental Production 87.5 30.4 117.9 Investment 578.4 526.5 1,104.9 Subtotal 665.9 556.9 1,222.8 Institutional Development Vehicles 0.4 2.1 2.5 Consultant Services 0.1 0.3 0.4 Fellowships 0.0 0.3 0.3 Subtotal 0.5 2.7 3.2 Total Base Cost 666.4 559.6 1,226.0 Physical Contingencies 0.0 0.3 0.3 Price Contingencies 0.1 0.1 0.2 Total Project Cost 666.5 /a 560.0 1,226.5 /a Financing Plan Local Foreign Total - - - - - (US$ million) - - - - - Farmers 346.5 - 346.5 TCZB 294.9 310.0 604.9 /b TKK 25.1 - 25.1 Bank - 250.0 250.0 Total 666.5 560.0 1,226.5 /a Includes taxes and duties of about $122.6 million equivalent. /b A part of TCZB's contribution could be covered by a possible loan from the Overseas Economic Cooperation Fund of Japan.  -6- Schedule B TURKEY THIRD AGRICULTURAL CREDIT PROJECT Procurement Project Element Procurement Method Total ICB LCB Other Cost - - - (US$ million) Farm Credit - - 1,222.8 1,222.8 (249.4) (249.4) Equipment - - 3.0 3.0 (-_) (-) Consultants - - 0.4 0.4 (0.3) (0.3) Fellowships - - - 0.3 0.3 (0.3) (0.3) TOTAL - - 1,226.5 1,226.5 - (250.0) (250.0) Note: Figures in parenthesis are the respective amounts financed by the Bank. Disbursements Category Amount Percentage (US$ million) 1. Farm Credit a. Incremental short-term 23.1 35% of incremental TCZB disbursements b. Medium- and long-term 226.3 45% of TCZB disbursements 2. Consultant Services 0.3 100% of total expenditures 3. Fellowships 0.3 100% of foreign expenditures TOTAL 250.0 Estimated Bank Disbursements Bank Fiscal Year 90 91 92 93 94 - - - - - - (US$ million) - - - - - - - Annual 78 60 69 36 7 Cumulative 78 138 207 243 250  -7- Schedule C TURKEY THIRD AGRICULTURAL CREDIT PROJECT Timetable of Key Project Processing Events (a) Time taken to prepare: 1-1/2 years (b) Prepared by: TCZB with FAO/IBRD Cooperative Program and Bank assistance (c) First Bank mission: June 1985 (d) Appraisal mission departure: November 1986 (e) Post-appraisal: August 1988 (f) Negotiations: October 31-November 4, 1988 and May 9-12, 1989 (g) Planned Date of Effectiveness: August 1989 (h) List of relevant PCRs and PPARs: Agricultural Credit and Agroindustries (PPAR No. 6812)  -8- Schedule D Page 1 of 2 TURKEY THIRD AGRICULTURAL CREDIT PROJECT Status of Bank Group Operations in Turkey A. Statement of Bank Loans and IDA Credits (As of March 31, 1989) Loan Fiscal Amount (S millions) /b Number Yer Borrower Puroose Ban-k IOA Undisbursed Sixty six loans, six B-Loans and fourtean credits fully disbursed 4343.75Lk 196.15 /b 1742-TU 1979 Republic of Turkey Grain Storage 79.00 22.21 1985-TU 1981 Republic of Turkey Fertilizer Rationalization 104.00 8.09 1998-TU 1981 State Investment State Industrial Enterprise Bank Finance 70.00 3.78 2094-TU 1982 Republic of Turkey Erzurum Rural Development 40.00 14.79 2159-TU 1982 ISKI Istanbul Sewerage 88.10 1.48 2322-TU 1983 TEK TEK III 98.00 14.49 2399-TU 1984 Republic of Turkey Industrial Training 36.80 4.81 2400-TU 1984 Republic of Turkey Technical Assistance for SEEs 4.65 2.23 2405-TU 1984 Republic of Turkey Agr.Extonsion and Research 72.20 38.51 2433-TU 1984 Republic of Turkey IAEE Irrigation 115.30 71.29 2439-TU 1984 Republic of Turkey Second Highway 186.40 44.61 2535-TU 1985 Republic of Turkey Third Ports 134.50 84.78 2536-TU 1985 Republic of Turkey Industrial Schools 57.70 38.27 2585-TU 1985 Republic of Turkey Agric. Sector Adjustment Ln. 300.00 50.31 2586_TU 1985 TEK Fourth TEK Transmission 142.00 124.35 2602-TU 1986 TEK Power System Operations Asst. 140.00 125.18 2647-TU 1986 Republic of Turkey Small & Medium-Scale Industry 100.00 14.13 2650-TU 1986 TEK Elbistan 0 and M 10.00 0.08 2655-TU 1986 Republic of Turkey Kayraktope Hydropower 200.00 185.24 2663-TU 1986 Republic of Turkey Drainage & On-Farm Develop. 255.00 234.83 2714-TU 1986 Republic of Turkey Financial Sector Adj. Loan 300.00 5.24 2739-TU 1987 Republic of Turkey Railways IT 197.00 128.92 2750-TU 1987 Republic of Turkey Sir Hydropower 132.00 92.88 2776-TU 1987 Republic of Turkey Non-Formal Voc. Training 58.50 55.29 2818-TU 1987 Republic of Turkey Izmir Water Sup. & Sewerage 184.00 172.92 2819-TU 1987 Republic of Turkey Cukurova Urban Development 120.00 109.84 2856-TU 1987 Ropublic of Turkey Energy Soctor Adjust. loan 325.00 108.72 2888-TU 1988 ISKi Istanbul W. Supply 218.00 188.04 2901-TU 1988 TSKD, SYKB, and Republic of Turkey Ind. Export Dev. 300.00 180.87 2922-TU 1988 Republic of Turkey Ind. Training II 115.80 104.99 2964-TU 1988 Republic of Turkey FSAL II 400 OQ 200.00 Total 8927.70 196.15 2431.17 of which has been repaid 1687.01 g2692 Total now outstanding 7240.69 169.23 Amount sold 3.55 of which has been repaid Total now held by Bank and IDA L 7237.14 169.23 Total undisbursed 2431.17 LA The status of the projects listed in Part A is described in a separate report on all Bank/IDA financed projects in oxecution, which is updated twice yearly and circulated to the Executive Directors on April 30 and October 31. aL Net of cancellations. t Prior to exchange adjustments  -9- Schedule D Page 2 of 2 Status of Bank Group Operations in Turkey B. Statement of IFC Investments (As of March 31, 1989) Fiscal Amount $ millions Year Obliaator TVDe of Business Loan Eauitv Total Projects fully closed out 65.64 8.18 73.82 1964/67/69/ TSK8 DRC 60.00 4.77 64.77 72/73/75/76 77/80/83 71/72 1970/71/ Viking I Pulp and Paper 2.50 0.82 3.32 82/83 1970/86/87 ACS Glass 20.79 1.96 22.75 1971/76/ NASAS Aluminum 8.56 1.50 10.06 83/84 1079/80/82/84/85 ISAS Motor Vehicles & Access. 8.85 2.34 11.19 1986 Can Elyaf Fiber Glass 7.94 - 7.94 1979/81/89 Trakya Cam Glass 87.20 7.13 94.33 83/84 1980 MENSA Textile and Fibers 4.00 - 4.00 1981 Kirklareli Cam Sanayii A.S. Glass Tableware 12.95 - 12.95 1982 M.A.N. Motors Motor Vehicles & Access. 7.89 - 7.89 1984 Pinar Food and Food Processing 3.90 - 3.90 1985 MANAS Motor Vehicles & Access. 6.47 - 6.47 1986 Silkar Turizm Yatirum Tourism 5.81 - 5.81 ve Isletmelari A.S. 1986 Eska Turizn ve Tourism 9.08 - 9.08 Ticaret A.S. 1987 Guney Sanayi ve Ticaret Textiles 16.48 - 16.48 Isletmeleri A.S. 1988 Disbank Capital Markets 60.00 - 60.00 1988 Elkinkam Manufacturing 16.45 - 16.45 1988 Intecbank Capital Markets 60.00 - 60.00 1988 Kigis Hotel Tourism 7.80 - 7.80 1989 Ousa Textiles 25.00 25.00 1989 Isko Textiles 33.05 - 33.05 1989 Saziville Tourism 2.66 1.86 4.52 1989 Dikis Textiles 7.32 - 7.32 Total Gross Commitment 540.43 28.56 568.90 Less Cancellations, Tenninations Exchange Adjustments, Prepayments and Sales 32034 12.12 332 36 Total Coemitmtnts now held by IFC 220.09 16.44 236.54 Total Undisbursed 76.26 3.90 80.16  I  IBRD 20320R SO 3~~~~~~~~ SINOP'4~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~--4~ZRT INRU.S.S.R ZO~~~~~~~~~~~NGUUDAK ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ IIT - HAKR D.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~YINAA EUU i NAkONA.bAPSAA '/~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~%U T~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~oCTE N ON UKEECE E RDU~~~~~~~~~~~~~MI~ ( 2 2 >7 ( - MA~~~~~~~OA HI,PAHAAASY 100 ~~ - - - - PROVINCE BOUNDARIESZURU KILOR$STEE