India - Narmada river development - Gujarat (Vol. 2 of 2) : Water Delivery and Drainage Project

Document of The World Bank FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Report Nos. 5107-IN & 5108-IN STAFF APPRAISAZ, REPORT - INDIA NARMADA RIVER DEVELOPMENT - GUJARAT SUPPLEMENTARY DATA VOLUME PART I1 March 6, 1985 South Asia Projects Department Irrigation I1 Division ' ? This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its rontents may not otherwise be disclosed without N'orld Bank authorization.  CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS USSl .OO = Rupees (Rs) 12.00 L/ WEIGHTS AND MGBSURES (METRIC SYSTEM) 1 meter (m) = 3.28 f e e t ( f t ) 1 kilometer (km) = 0.62 miles (mi) 1 hectare (ha) = 2.47 a c r e s (ac) 1 million cubic meters (~m?) = 810 acre-feet (ac-f t ) 1 cubic foot per second (cusec or cfs) = 0.028 cubic meters per second (m3/s) 1 kilogram (kg) = 2.2 pounds ( l b ) 1 metric ton (mt) = 2,205 pounds ( l b ) 1 million acre-feet (MAF) = 1233.5 M cubic m (Mrn3) 1 cubic meter per second (cumec) = 35.3 cusec 1 ton . = 1,000 kilograms (kg) 1 gigawatt hours (GWh) = 1 million kilow tt hours (kwh) 1 k i l o volt (kv) = 1,000 v o l t s (10 V) 4 1 megawatt (MW) = 1,000 k i l o w a t t s 1 kilocalorie per kilogram (Kcallkg) = 1,800 B r i t i s h thermal u n i t s per pound (Btu/lb) FISCAL YEBR G O I ; GOG; GOM; GOMP; GOR April 1 - March 31 - - - - - 11 The US Dollar/Rupee exchange rate is subject to change. Conversions i n t h i s r e p o r t have been made a t USS1.00 t o Rs 12.00 except f o r the economic a n a l y s i s where the previously adopted r a t e of US$1.00 t o Rs 11.00 was used. -21 The metric system has been used i n most cases. However, India is still i n the process of t r a n s i t i o n t o the metric system; non-metric u n i t s a r e still widely used and have been used i n t h i s report where a conversion t o the metric system may confuse the reader.  FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY ABbREVLATIONS AND ACRONYhS CAC Sardar Sarovar Construction and Aavisory Cornittee CEA Central E l e c t r i c i t y Authority CCA Cultivable Command Area CHPH Canalheaa Powerhouse CPO Centralized Procurement Organization CWPC Central Water and Power Conunission CWPKS Central Water and Power Research S t a t i o n . . CWC Central k a t e r Commission DRP Dam Review Panel DSP Dam Safety Panel Em Economic Rate of Return EL Elevation FRL F u l l Reservorr Level FSL F u l l Supply Level GEB Gujarat E l e c t r i c i t y Board GUG Government of Guja r a t G O 1 Government of India GOtll' Government of Madhya Pradesh GOM Government of haharashtra GOR Government of Rajasthan I C B I n t e r n a t i o n a l Competltlve Biaaing 7 I D I r r i g a t j o n Department o t the GOG I3ID Indian Meteorological Department LCB Local Competitive Bidding WEB Naahya Pradesh E l e c t r i c i t y Board rnDL Minimum Drawdown Level 'r&b Maharashrra E l e c t r i c i t y Boara MISC Management Information Systems Cell haI Municipal and I n a u s t r r a l kIP Madhya Praaesh hhL Maximum Water Level N CA Carmaaa Control Authority tiDD Naraaa Development Department hHPC Narmaaa High Power Committee NPDCC Namaaa Project Design and Construction Circle * NPG Narmaaa Plannlng Group LRC Narmada Review Committee hRD harmaaa River Development WDl' Narmada Water Disputes Trrbunal 06M Operation and Maintenance PMF Probable haximum Ylooa KBPH Riverbed Powerhouse REB Regioual E l e c t r i c i t y Board SA Service Area SEB Srate E l e c t r i c i t y Boara SPLEC Snowy Mountains Engineering Corporation SSP Sardar Sarovar Project "' This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization.  GLOSSARY khar i f - Wet season; June - Vctober r a b i - Dry season; November - harch chak - I r r i g a t i o n d e l i v e r y u n i t of about 40 ha i n s i z e t a luka - Subdivision of a d i s t r i c t p a i s e - There a r e 1b0 p a i s e per rupee  I N D I A NARMADA RIVER DEVELOPMENT - GUJARAT PART- II SUPPLEMENTARY DATA VOLUME TABLE OF CONTENTS ANNEXES 1 1 6 - Project C r i t e r i a and Plan of Operation 7 Groundwater Drainage and Conjunctive Use 8 -- Framework f o r Operation and Maintenance 9 - Sardar Sarovar Dam and Power Complex 10 - Economic Analysis 11 - Documents i n Project F i l e - MAPS 1 - Sardar Sarovar Dam and Power Complex (IBRD 17692) The Supplementary Data Volumes a r e based on the findings of various preap- p r a i s a l missions since August 1980, appraisal missions t h a t v i s i t e d India i n March, June, and September, 1983, and a post-appraisal of the resettlement component i n August 1984, comprising Messrs: P. Ljung, G. Fauss, C.Diewald, R. Vick, A . Sanchez, M. El-Menshawy, R. Goodland, K. Jechoutek, D. F i t c h e t t , G. LeMoigne (IBRDIIDA): C. Perry, C. Bridges and D.D. Taneja (IBRD/IDA/NDO); M. Barber, H. Frederiksen, L. Shanan, N. Buras, L.D. James, D. Dawdy, J. Riedel, I. Pinkerton, P. Kirpich, 0. Mejia, T. Scudder, A. Gibbs, H. Falvey, A. Cospers, G. Thorsky, T. Samuels, W. Long, M. Fireman, J. Brown, M. Cessna, A. Dolyniuk and D. Mach (consultants). The Snowy Mountain Engineering Corporation of Australia including the team of W. Gardner, J. Hunter and B. Jagger, completed the technical appraisal of the main dam. Editing done by Pls. S. Fellows and word processing was done by Mr. J. Maddix, 11s. C. Batara, Mrs. S. Douglas, and Mrs. S. Vanjani. - 11 Part I contains annexes 1-5. The two Supplementary Data Volumes support two SAR's e n t i t l e d "Sardar Sarovar Dam and Power Projectt' (Report No.5107-IN) and "Water Delivery and Drainage Project" (Report No. 5108-IN).   Annex 6 INDIA NARMADA RIVER DEVELOPMENT- GUJARAT Proiect Criteria and Plan of Operation Table of Contents I. Preamble Introduction Policies 11. Project Operation and Design Criteria, Agricultural Water Requirements Quality of the Irrigation Water Service to Farmers Municipal and Industrial Water Supply Surface Water Network Area Control Center Facility Project Control Center Facility Flood Drainage System Groundwater Drainage System , Roads Operation and Maintenance . 111. Operational Plan for Water Deliveries General Delivery Schedules for Rajasthan and for M&I Water in Gujarat Scheme of Operation: System Normal Scheme of Operation: System Emergency Tables 1. Regional Cropping Patterns for Design of Facilities 2. Crop Water Requirements in MM/Week/~aCropped 3. Flow Requirements at Branch Canalheads   ANNEX 6 Page 1 I N D I A NAKMALIA RIVER DEVELOPhENT - GUJARAT P r o j e c t C r i t e r i a ana P l a n of Operation I. Preamble I n t r o a u c t i o n 1. T h i s document p r e s e n t s information on t h e e s s e n t i a l m a t t e r s t h a t c o n s t i t u t e t h e i r r i g a t i o n and d r a i n a g e p r o j e c t and permit se,rving of farmers in'accoraance w i t h p r o j e c t o b j e c t i v e s . It serves as the basic reference for a l l subsequent d e c i s i o n s i n planning, d e s i g n , construction, and o p e r a t i o n , ana t h e r e l a t e d scheauling of completion of p r o j e c t f a c i l i t i e s . It i s recog- n i z e d t h a t a e t a i l s on a l l m a t t e r s cannot be r e s o l v e d simultaneously. However, a s a e c i s i o n s a r e reachea, t h e r e s u l t s should be includea and t h e a f f e c t e d s e c t i o n s updated. F i n a l completion of s e c t i o n s shoula be scheaulea s o t h a t a e c i s i o n s a r e reacheu i n an o r a e r l y manner, and timely updating woula provide t h e b a s i s t o e v a l u a t e ongoing a c t i v i t i e s . 2 . The following summarizes t h e important p o l i c i e s bearing on p r o j e c t f o r m u l a t i o n , d e s i g n , acd o p e r a t i o n of t h e i r r i g a t i o n aua d r a i n a g e syscems. ( a ) A p u b l i c s e c t o r agency would have r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r planning, d e s i g n , c o n s t r u c t i o n , o p e r a t i o n aria maintenance ( ~ h h of t h e s u r f a c e ) water i r r i g a t i o n facilities from t h e r e s e r v o i r o u t l e t t o t h e farmgate, a l l p u b l i c s e c t o r groundwater development f o r c o n j ~ n c t r v e use and a r a i n a g e , and a l l s u r f a c e water a r a i n a g e f a c i l i t i e s rrom about t h e 40-ha l e v e l . ( b ) A l l reasonable demands and use of Narmaaa River water f o r municipal ana i n a u s t r l a l ( h a I ) use and f o r irrigation woula have p r i o r i t y over r e l e a s e s f o r power g e n e r a t i o n w i t h i n t h e s t i p u l a t i o n s or t h e NWDT ( s e e annex 2 ) . ( c ) Regional water r i g h t s , expressed i n terms o r volumes of water per h e c t a r e of n e t CCA t o t h e farm, would be e s t a b l i s h e d t o t h e f o l l o w i k g t h r e e c l a s s e s of water:  ANhhX 6 Page 2 ( i ) Cilass A water deiinea a s the basic supply of a l l rlows up t o 75% r e l i a b i l i t y of Narmaaa River water as uesignateu by the NWDT, plus a l l usable grounawater developed by the agency; 1 1 ( i i ) Class B water aef inea as any surface water surplus to Class A i n any year under f u l l development conditions; ana ( i i i ) Class C water aesignatea as surface water surplus t o c l a s s e s A and B during the project builaup perioa. (d) Class A water would be allocates to regions In accoraance with socioeconomic objectives and agroclimatic conditions, the a l l o c a t i o n within a region would be uniform on a hectare of net CCA basis and the a c t u a l q u a n t i t i e s available each year would be d i s t r i b u t e a i n proportion t o the basic allocation. ( e l Class b water would be allocated i n the same proportions a s Class A water (within the physical constraints or the system) and Class C water would be d i s t r i b u t e d i n -similar proportions t o the area aevelopea a t the time such a surplus occurs. ( Public sectdr groundwater aevelopment f o r co'njunct ive use would be r e s t r i c t e a t o the a l l u v i a l aquifer areas, would be unaertaKen . accoraing t o the c r i t e r i a speciried i n para 5.45 and such supplles woula be incorporatea into the aelivery sy-stem t o augment the surfsce water supply. (g) Project water supply would not r e l a t e t o the a v a i l a b i l i t y or privately developed grounawater ana the agency would encourage private sector groundwater aevelopment wherever f e a s i b l e , p a r t i c u l a r l y i n the hardrock aquifer areas where public sector aevelopment i s not f e a s i b l e . (h) The agency woula have r e s p o n s i b i l i t y i o r prevention or waterlogging ana f o r the removal of excess unutilizable grounawater irom the project area. ( i ) The agency woula construct and maintain surface viicer arainage worKs i n the command area t o remove excess p r e c i p i t a t i o n ana prevent damage t o crops. ( j ) A l l i r r i g a b l e lanas (GOG classes 1 through 4) t h a t are reasonably contiguous witnin the Command area would be servea. (k) Project i r r i g a t i o n f a c i l i t i e s would be designea t o minimize response times, provide f o r f u t u r e f l e x i b i l i t y of operation, and t o permit increasing eificiency of r a t e r use; and t o t h i s end, the system would - I / Reference hereinafter to ,"the agency," or "agency," refers to the govern- ment agency responsible f o r project Ohh. For the SSP t h i s w l l l be the Narmaaa Development Department (see SAR 5107-Ik, para b.07).  AIvNEX 6 Page 3 be providea w i t h the c r o s s - r e g u l a t i o n s t r u c t u r e s t o permit o p e r a t i o n on t h e c o n t r o l l e a volume concept, a r e l a t i v e l y high capacity,and t h e c a n a l s would be l i n e a from t h e r e s e r v o i r o u t l e t t o t h e 8-ha l e v e l . ( 1 ) The v i l l a g e s e r v i c e a r e a (SA) of 200-500 ha would be t h e b a s i c u n i t f o r water a l l o c a t i o n t o which d e l i v e r i e s would be made f o r 24-hr/aay f o r one week perioas a t i n t e r v a l s t o be e s t a b l i s h e d by agreement between t h e agency and t h e farmers f o r each i r r i g a t i o n season. (m) k i t h i n t h e SAY a n u n r e g u l a t e a , free-flow system woula convey water continuously t o a l l t h e chaks (of 23-65 ha) during t h e weekly a l l o c a t i o n period, ana u e l i v e r y w i t h i n a chak would be through a r e g u l a t e d , free-flow system, t h e chak s u p p l i e s being r o t a t e d a t f u l l chak flow t o the farmers. ( n ) Each farmer woula be f r e e t o s e l e c t h i s crops, cropping p a t t e r n , ana method of i r r i g a t i o n f o r u t i l i z a t i o n of t h e water a l l o c a t e u t o t h e SA, except t h a t t h e system would not be o p e r a t e a t o s e r v e t t e s p e c i a l needs of p e r e n n i a l crops. ( 0 ) A l l a c t i o n s concerning s e l e c t ion &na o p e r a t ion or p r o j e c t t a c l l i t i e s . would be i n accordance w i t h t h e r u l i n g s of t h e hkDT. 11. Pro iect Operation ana Design Criteria A g r i c u l t u r a l k a t e r Requirements 3 . Impact of Climate. High temperatures w i t h low hurniaity account f o r k~igh-peak crop water demands. R a i n f a l l during k h a r i f i s substantial--mean annual r a i n f a l l ranging from 4b0 t o 1,600 mm between r e g i o n s w i t h 95% occur- ing i n t h e monsoon seasoo--and t h i s reauces t h e t o t a l water requirement f o r i r r i g a t i o n , p a r t i c u l a r l y i n the southern r e g i o n s of t h e p r o j e c t a r e a . however, t n e i n t r a - and intermonsoon season v a r i a t i o n s i n r a i n f a l l amounts a r e l a r g e , a c o n s i d e r a o l e p r o p o r t i o n of the p r e c i p i t a t i o n occurs i n high i n t e n s i t y storms w i t h low e r f e c t i v e r a i n f a l l and prolongea d r y s p e l l s occur f r e q u e n t l y a u r i n k the wet season. Thus, though the t o t a l i r r i g a t i o n water requirement per h e c t a r e may be r e l a t i v e l y low during k h a r i f , a nigh-peak a e l i v e r y c a p a c i t y is r e q u i r e a i f i r r i g a t i o n i s t o e f f e c t i v e l y supplement r a i n f a l l . 4. Cropvea Area. The a r e a cropped would be t h e farmer's choice and, a s the water a v a i l a b l e woula be inaaequate to f u l i y i r r i g a t e t h e CCA a t r u l l development, an a r e a l e s s than t h e CCA i s l i k e l y t o be i r r i g a t e u I n most seasons. The seasonal water supply s e t s t h e limits t o i r r i g a t i o n i n r a o i ana hot season. Bowever, during the k h a r i f , t h e rarmer may choose t o r i s k count- ing on a high p r o p o r t i o n of p r e c i p i t a t i o n t o meet n i s crop water neeas ana opt f o r a l a r g e r i r r i g a t e a a r e a servea by a few i r r i g a t i o n s . I f u n r e s t r i c t e a , t n i s aemana would s e t t h e d e l i v e r y c a p a c i t y f o r the e n t l r e system. For t h e purpose of a e s i g n , t h e system c a p a c l t y woula be s e t a t a l e v e l t h a t permits i r r i g a t i o n .from p u o l i c sources a t normal crop w a t e r \ aemanus on a percentage of the n e t CCA i n any season, var1:ing between r e g i o n s from a maximum of 802 and a minimum of 60%. The hlgher l i m i t s art: a p p r o p r i a t e f o r k h a r i f crops i n t h e south ana t h e lowtr a r e s u l t a ~ l et o r both  AIqNEX 6 Page 4 . r a b i and kharif i n the north. Estimates of percentages irrigated by seasors and by regions are tabulated below: Regional I r r i g a t i o n I n t e n s i t i e s by Seasons Region Khar i f Rabi % of Net CCA Served 5 . Cropping Patterns. Cropping patterns would vary throughout the project area because of v a r i a t i o u s i n s o i l types, climate, farm s i z e , ?oca- tion with respect t o markets and farmer preference. Financial ana economic advantages of potential crops would change as markets, p r i c e s , aud costs of inputs change in the future. For the purpose of design of the f a c i l i t i e s , cropping patterns t h a t a r e judged t o o t f e r reasonable economic p o t e n t i a l a r e used f o r sizing the works. The selectea regional patterns a r e summarizes irA t a b l e 1. 6 . Crop kater Requirements. Crop water requirements per hectare of cropped area have been determinea f o r the cropping patterns used f o r design of f a c i l i t i e s . There are aifferences aue t o climatic variations within the - project and due to the cropping patterns assumed. The q u a n t i t i e s a r e calcu- lated a t the farmgate assuming an application e i f i c i e n c y 70%--operational . - losses a r e not includes. Weekly and seasonal water requirements by regions for the assumed cropping patterns a r e presentea i k table 2 . g u a l i t v of the I r r i g a t i o n Water 7. The water from the harmaaa River, which i s the principal source o t water supply t o the project, i s of good quality. Total dissolved s o i l s range from about 1b0 ppm i n monsoon flows t o 560 ppm during low-tlow periods. Mixing i n the reservoir would weight the q u a l i t y of the releasea water t o tne i r r i g a t i o n system toward the low value o i s a l t concentration. Though some d e t e r i o r a t i o n i n r i v e r water q u a l i t y i s inevitable a s upstream projects a r e I- aevelopeu, such changes i n q u a l i t y a r e uot expectea t o s i g n i f i c a n t l y influence operation of the surface water d i s t r i b u t i o n system.  AhNEX 6 Page 5 8. Development of agency groundwater would be r e s t r i c t e d t o t h e a l l u v l a l a q u i f e r a r e a s of mainland G u j a r a t t h a t u n d e r l i e about two t h i r a s of t h e CCA. k i t h i n t h i s a r e a , groundwater q u a l i t y v a r i e s c o n s i d e r a b l y , p a t being s u i t a b l e f o r a i r e c t use f o r i r r i g a t i o n s , p a r t being u s a b l e only a f t e r blend- i n g w i t h s u r f a c e w a t e r , and p a r t being too s a l i n e f o r blending a t any economic r a t e . I n g e n e r a l , q u a l i t y water aegraaes i n t h e a i r e c t i o n or t h e c o a s t ana northwards through t h e p r o j e c t a r e a . 4. As a l l agency groundwater developea f o r c o n j u n c t i v e use would be introauced t o t h e d e l i v e r y system a t t h e head of t h e v i l l a g e SAY it would, i n f a c t , be blended w i t h s u r f a c e water r e g a r a l e s s of lts q u a l r t y . However, t h e blenaing of t h e poorer q u a l i t y groundwater woula be i n p r o p o r t i o n s w i t h s u r f a c e water t h a t ensures t h a t t o t a l d i s s o l v e d s 6 l i d s i n t h e blend uo not exceed 1,bbO ppm i n extreme c a s e s and, i n g e n e r a l , a r e k e p t below 7UO ppm. S e r v i c e t o Farmers 10. I r r i g a t i o n Water Supply. The water r e s o u r c e s a v a i l a b l e t o t h e p r o j e c t do n o t meet t h e f u l l amounts t h a t crop p r o a u c t i o n on t h e c o m a n a a r e a could e f f e c t i v e l y u t i l i z e . MonsoorL r a i n f a l l is undependable. The aominant concern on t h e p r o j e c t i s t h e supply and c o n t r o l of a l l m i t e a amount o r i r r i g a t i o n water. 11. The primary sources of l r r l g a t i o n supply kould be s u r f a c e wkter rrom 'I t h e Narmaaa River ana groundwater from w i t h i n t h e command a r e a . It is f o r e s e e n t h a t groundwater woula r e p r e s e n t approximately 252 o i t h e t o t a l water supply a t t h e v l l l a g e SA l e v e l ana t h a t agency grounawater would r e p r e - s e n t up t o h a l f of t h e t o t a l grounawater usea. Where aeveloped, t h e agency grounawater would be introduced i n tr,e s u r f a c e w a t e r d e l l v e r y system a s an augmentation supply a t t h e v i l l a g e SA l e v e l . 12. The water d e l i v e r y s e r v i c e of agency w a t e r r e f l e c t s t h e supply l i m i t a t i o n s , crop production o b j e c t i v e s , and t h e p o l i c y t h a t s l l c w s farmers s u b s t a n t i a l d i s c r e t i o n i n farm o p e r a t i o n s . P r i v a t e l y developed grounawater is completely under the control of the owner, ana its a v a i l a b i l i t y i s not r e f l e c t e d i n t h e a l l o c a t i o n of t h e p u b l i c supply. The i r r i g a t i o n s e r v i c e proviaea t o farmers by t h e agency would be a s follows: ( a ) Annual and seasonal s u p p l i e s would be allocates t o farmers uniformly w i t h i n r e g i o n s i n p r o p o r t i o n t o t h e n e t CCA o p e r a t e a , and r e g i o n a l a l l o c a t i o n s would be made i n s t r i c t accordance w i t h f i x e a p r o j e c t c r i t e r i a . ( b ) SA of 2bU-500 ha would be d e l i n e a t e d so t a r a s p o s s i b l e t o con