81745 v2 INDIA MASTER PLAN REPORT ON LOW COST W ATERSEAL LA TRINE PROGRAMME IN 20 TOWNS OF ANDHRA PRADESH UNDP INDIA PROJECT IND/81/014 VOlUME II @ NEXES TECHNOLOGY ADVISIORV GROUP INDIA UN DP I WORLD !BANK NEW DELHI APRIL~ 1984 MASTER PLAN REPORT ON LOW COST W ATERSEAL LA TRINE PROGRAMME IN 20 TOWNS OF ANDHRA PRADESH THE TECHNOLOGY ADVISORY GROUP APRIL, 1984 -1 ,_, 1.,, " ,). •.' .~ v ~-• r- 1 ' ~ ··~ j ,.-. T~ •'.'., d CONTENTS VOLUME II-ANNEXES ANNEX Reference to Pages in NO. TITLE VOLUME I VOLUME II Section Page 1 Statewise Health Parameters and Sanitation Coverage as on 1.2 1 1 April 1, 1981 (Table) 1.3 1 2 Classification of Urban Areas 1.3 2 2 to 4 1.6 4 2.2.3 8 2 3.2 11 3.2.3 11 4.5.2 16 Census Classification 2 Andhra Pradesh State 2 Civicor Administrative Classification 2 Gradation 3 Municipal Particulars of Project Towns (Table) 4 3 Studies organised by TAG 1.9 5 5 to 10 i Soil and Water Pollution Studies 5 ii Evaluation Studies of Ongoing Programmes 5 iii Technology Optimisation 6 iv Institutional, Financial and Legal Studies 7 v Sociological Study on the Impact of Latrine Conversion 7 on Scavengers vi Evaluation of Community Latrine Programme 8 vii House to House Surveys 9 viii Ceramic Manufacture Promotional Studies 9 ix Study of Alternate Materials for Pan and Trap 9 X Standardisation and Quality Control Studies 9 xi Sand Envelope Studies 9 xii Low Volume Flushing Cisterns Study 10 xiii Sludge Accumulation Study 10 xiv Audio-Visual Promotion Training Development Study 10 XV Education for Participation Study 10 4 Summary of the Soil and Water Pollution Studies conducted 1.9 5 11 to 13 in Bihar, Gujarat and Tamil Nadu 4.5.3 17 5 Findings of the Evaluation Studies of the Ongoing Latrine 1.9 5 14 to 18 Conversion Programmes in Bihar, Gujarat and Tamil Nadu 2.4.1 10 6.2 26 CONTENTS (Contd.) ANNEX Reference to Pages in NO. TITLE VOLUME I VOLUME II Section Page 6 Major Findings of the Evaluation Study of the Ongoing Progra- 1.9 5 19 to 28 mmes in Tamil Nadu 2.4.1 10 4.5.1 16 8.2 36 7 Expert Group's Review Report on the Design Criteria for Pour~ 1.9 5 29 'ttO 59 flush Waterseal Latrines 4.4.1 15 4.4.3 16 4.5.4 17 4.8 18 Composition of the Expert Group 29 Contents 30 Acronyms 31 Preamble 32 Summary of the Design Requirements 32 Individual Pourflush Waterseal Latrines-A Review 37 to 56 Latrine size 37 Pan and trap 38 Connection to the leaching pits 42 Design of the pits 44 Pit geometry and lining 51 Lining thickness 54 Utilization of pit contents 55 Pit cover 55 Community Latrines 56 Pollution Aspects 56 to 59 Safe distance from drinking water sources 57 Safe distance from water suppply mains 58 Viral pollution 59 Nitrate pollution 59 Pre-Investigation and Monitoring 59 8 Major Findings of the Institutional, Finacial and Legal Studies 1.9 5 60 to 62 5.10 25 6.3 26 9 Summary and Major Findings of the Sociological Study on the 1.9 5 63 to 67 Impact of Latrine Conversion on Scavengers 5.8.1 22 10 Extracts from the Report of the GOI Committee On Customary 1.9 5 68 to 69 Rights to Scavenging 5.8.1 22 c 11 Evaluation of the Community Latrine Programme in Bihar 1.9 5 70 to 74 2.4.1 10 5.3.2 20 ii CONTENTS ( Contd.) ANNEX Reference to Pages in NO. TITLE VOLUME I VOLUME II Section Page 12 House to House Surveys 1.9 5 75 to 76 4.4.1 15 13 Present Status of Sanitary Ware Industry in India 1.9 5 77 to 81 General 77 Ceramic Units 77 GRPUnits 79 PVC Units 80 PVC and HDPE Diversion Chambers 80 14 Staes Classified by their Per Capita Net SDP (1971-78) 1.6 3 82 ,. AP/National Income and Per Capita Income at 1.) 1.6 3 83 Current and Constant Prices 16 The Poverty Line 1.6 4 84 8.3.6 52 17 Com man Man and Sanitation-Supreme~Court Ruling 1.10 5 85 18 Public Health & Municipal Engineering Department (PHMED) 1.11 6 86 to 87 2.2 7 2.2.1 7 19 Ex:tracts fr:>tn the A'11hra Prahsh \1'I'1icip:tlitie~ Act. 1965 2.'2.3 8 88 to 99 20 Hyderabad Metropolitan Water Supply and Sewerage Board 2.2 7 2.2.4 8 100 to 102 '21 Piped Water Supply Arrangements in Project Towns 2.3.1 9 103 3.2 11 4.5.1 16 22 Towns Sewered and where Sewerage Schemes are in Progress on 2.3.2 9 104 April, 1984 3.2 11 23 Tentative Proposals for Andhra Pradesh Decale Programme 2 3.3 9 105 to 106 24 GOA Administrative/Executive Orders 2.4.2 10 107 to 135 5.11 25 7.8 35 8.2.1 46 8.3.6 51 25 Hydrogelogical Division and Meteorological Information of 3.2 11 Project Towns 4.5 16 26 Three Most ImpJrtant Commodities Imported, Exported 3.2 11 137 to 138 and Manufactured in Project Towns 3.3.1 11 21 Population Dynamics of Project Towns 3.2 11 139 3.2.1 11 [ iii 1 CONTENTS (Contd.) ANNEX Reference to Pages in NO; TITLE VOLUME I VOLUME U Section Page 28 Houshold and Population Composition of Project Towns 3.2 11 140 to 142 1983 Survey 3.2.1 11 3.2.2 11 29 Latrinewise Household Distribution of Project Towns 3.2 11 143 1983 Survey 3.2.7 12 30 Distribution of Flush Latrine Households (Income Group, 3.2 11 144 Utilities, SST)-1983 Survey 8.3.3 48 31 B:meficiary Household Distribution (Income Groups and Access 3.2 II 145 to 158. to Utilities) of Project Towns 8.3.1 47 8.3.3 48 32 Health Statistics 3-.2 11 159 3.2.8 11 33 Beneficiary Distribution for Conversions 3.2 11 10 to 162' (Pit LocatiOn, User and Utility wise) 3.2.7 12 34 Beneficiary Distribution for New Latrines 3.2 11 163 to 164 (Pit Location, User and Utility wise) 3.2.7 12 35 Beneficiary Distribution (SC/ST, Income Group and 3.2 11 165 Access to Utilities) 3.2.9 12 36 SC/ST Beneficiary Distribution (Income Group, Access to Utilities) 3.2.9 12 166 37 Existing Community Latrines & Scavengers 3.2 11 167 3.3 12 5.3.2 20 5 6.3 23 38 Most Economic Dimensions of Pits and Their Costs 4.9 18 168 39 Instructions for Proper Operation and Maintenance of 5.5.2 21 196 to 170· Pourflush Latrines 5.5.4 21 6.12.4 32 40 Training Course on Pourflush Waterseal Latrines for Technical 5.7.2 22 171 to 172' Personnel 41 Training Programmes and Measures Recommended for 5.8.6 23 173 to 18() Scavenger Rehabilitation 7.5 33 42 Likely Reasons for Non-functioning or Underfunctioning of 5.9.5 25 181 Sanitation Facilities ' 43 Reasons for Non-participation of Targeted Beneficiaries in the 5.9.5 25 18.2. Sanitation Project and Remedial Measures Needed [ iv l CONTENTS (Contd.) ANNEX Reference to Pages in NO. TITLE VOLUME I VOLUMEU Section Page 44 Household Survey Questionnaire for Eliciting the 5.9.5 25 183 to 184 Level of Beneficiary Participation 45 Suggested Legal Amendments to Andhra Pradesh Acts 5.10 25 185 8.4 52 Andhra Pradesh Municipalities Act, 1965 ii Andhra Pradesh Buildings (Lease, Rent and Eviction) Control Act, 1960 46 Suggested Model Byelaws for Regulating the Construction, 5.11 25 186 to 191, Operation, Maintenance and Control of Waterseal Latrines 47 Additional Staff Requirements in Project Towns 6.6 28 192 6.8.1 29' 48 Institutional Requirements/ Recommendations 193 to 194, Institutional Requirments 6.2 26 193 ii Recommended Institutional Framework 6.3 26 194. 8.5 52 49 Application by Houseowner for Conversion/New Construction 6.12.4. 31 195 of a Pourflush Latrine 50 Application by the Tenant for the Conversion/New Construction 6.12A. 31 196 of a Pourflush Latrine 51 Loan Agreement between the Municipal Council and the 6.12.4.4 31 197 to 19&: Borrower 52 Completion Certificate 6.12.4. 31 199 53 Unit Costs of Finished Items (Groups) 7.3 33 200 to 203 54 Schedule of Rates 7.3 33 204 55 Basic and Unit Costs of Individual Latrines 6.12.2 31 205 to 206, (Pit Location, Users and Hydrogeological Conditions) 7.3 33 8.3.1 47 8.3.6 51 56 Estimates for Unit Costs of Individual Latrines 7.3 33 207 to 211 57 Engineering Costs 6.5 28 212 to 214 7.5 33 58 Unit Costs of 8,12 and 16 Seated Community Latrines 7.3 33 215 to 216 59 Projcet Cost with Beneficiary Distribution 7.6 35 217to261 7.7 35 8.3.6 51 v ] CONTENTS (Contd.) ANNEX Reference to Pages in NO. TITLE VOLUME I VOLUME II Section Page i. Adilabad 217 to 218 ii. Amalapuram 219 to 220 iii. Anakapalle 221 to 222 iv. Bapatla 223 to 224 v. Bheemunipatnam 225 to 226 vi. Dharmavaram 227 to 228 vii Gadwal 229 to 230 viii Gudivada 231 to 233 ix Guntakal 234 to 236 X Karim nagar 237 to 239 Xi Kavali 241[) to 241 xii Khammam 242 to 243 xiii Madanapalle 244 to 245 ~, xiv Mahbubnagar 246 to 247 XV Nandyal 248 to 250 xvi Ongole 251to252 xvii Praddatur 253 to 254 xviii Sangareddy 255 to 256 xix Srikakulam 257 to 259 XX Tadepalligudem 260 to 261 60 Townwise Project Cost (Units and Population Benifited) 7.6 35 262 -Summary Statement 7.7 35 8.3.6 51 61 Rates of Municipal Taxes (Per Annum) 9.4.1 54 263 with their Components for the year 1983-84 62 Measures for Augmenting Municipal Resources 9.4.1 .54 264 to 268 9.4.2 55 { vi ] ANNEX-I STATEWISE HEALTH PARAMETERS AND SANITATION COVERAGE AS ON APRIL 1, 1981 (Sections 1.2 and 1.3) State/Union Crude Infant Mortality Percentage 1981 Census Territory Death per 1000 Population Population Rate Urban Rural Total without (millions) (per 1,000) Sanitation 1. Andhra Pradesh 13.2 66 127 117 97.2 53.5 2. Assam 13.2 86 120 118 95.6 19.9 3. Bihar NA NA NA NA 94.0 69.9 4. Gujarat 12.7 89 131 122 86.7 34.1 5. Haryana 13.5 80 117 109 97.3 12.9 6. Himachal Pradesh 11.8 62 103 101 99.0 4.3 7. Jammu & Kashmir 11.7 51 81 73 98.4 6.0 8. Karnataka 12.0 58 90 82 89.8 37.1 9. Kerala 7.0 29 45 42 98.5 25.5 llO. Madhya Pradesh 15.1 87 151 143 99.0 52.2 n. Maharashtra 10.3 63 88 81 86.2 62 8 n. Manipur 7.6 35 25 25 100.0 1.4 B. Meghalaya 10.2 NA NA NA 100.0 1.3 li4. Nagaland 5.5 NA 44 NA 100.0 0.8 . ].5. Orissa 14.1 80 137 133 99.0 26.4 16. Punjab 11.6 76 126 117 89.8 16.8 17. Rajasthan 15.6 86 153 140 99.1 34.3 18. Sikkim NA NA NA NA 100.0 0.3 19. Tamil Nadu 12.8 63 120 105 843 48.4 20. Tripura 11.6 71 106 104 100.0 2.1 21. Uttar Pradesh 20.2 114 184 177 97.6 110.9 22. West Bengal 11.6 NA NA NA 96.0 54.6 1. Andaman & Nicobar 8.3 NA NA NA 87.4 0.2 Isles 2. Arunachal Pradesh 17.3 NA NA NA 96.5 0.6 3. Chandigarh 4.3 NA NA NA 7.2 0.5 4. Dadra & Nagar Haveli 17.5 NA NA NA 100.0 0.1 5. Delhi 8.1 64 110 70 40.3 6.2 6. Goa, Daman & Diu 9.2 31 61 54 95.0 1.1 7. Lakshadweep 8.9 NA NA NA 100.0 0.04 8. Mizoram NA NA NA NA 100.0 0.5 9. Pondicherry NA NA NA NA 79.8 0.6 NA Data deficient or not available or sample size inadequate to provide reliable estimates of Infant Mortality (figures are as per the Sample Registration System of the Registrar General of India) Sources i. Statement of the Union Minister of State for Health & FP (Mrs. Mohsina Kidwai) in Rajya Sabha on March 16, 1983. ii. National Master Plan for Water Supply & Sanitation. iii Census of India 1981 : Series-1 India: Paper·! of 1982: Final Population Totals ANNEX-2 Page 1 of Pages 3 CLASSIFICATION OF URBAN AREAS (Sections 1.3, 1.6, 2.2.3 and 3.2.1) Census Classification The population of India has been broadly classified into two categories-urban and rural-by the census of the country which is being taken at 10 year intervals from 1901 onwards. This classification has considerable significance from the point of assessing the differential in the social, economic, cultural and demographic characteristics of the population. The definition of an urban area as indicated in the census of 1981 is as follows a. All places with a corporation, municipality, town committee, cantonment or notified town area committee; b. All other places which satisfied any of the following criteria : i. a minimum population of 5,000; ii. at least 75% of the adult male working population being non-agricultural; iii. a density of population of at least 400 per sq km; and c. Places which, in the opinion of the Directors of Census Operations (in consultation with the State Governments), had other distinct urban characteristics and amenities (These discre- tionary powers include exclusion of undeserving cases also). The urban areas have again been grouped under six classes in the order of population size as given below and any place with a population of 100,000 and above (Class I) is called a city. All other places are caJied towns : Class I Population 100,000 and above Class II 50,000 to 99,999 Class III 20,000 to 49,999 Class IV 10,000 to 19,999 Class V 5,000 to 9,999 Class VI Less than 5,000 ANDHRA PRADESH STATE Andhra Pradesh has the sixth largest number (234) of urban areas in the country (3362) with a decennial urban growth rate of 49% against 46% of All India during the decade 1971-81. Civic or Admioistratrative Classification According to the Andhra Pradesh Municipalities Act 1965, the State Government may constitute as a municipality, any town, village, hamlet, bazaar, station or other local area or any group of the same [ 2 1 ANNEX-2 Page 2 of Pages 3 CLASSIFICATION OF URBAN AREAS (Contd.) in the immediate neighbourhood of one another. The Act does not specify any norms for conversion of :a Panchayat into a Municipality. The Andhra Pradesh Panchyats Act envisages the constitution of Panchayats for all villages. Such of the Panchayats with an annual income of Rs. 10,000 and above are dassifled as Town Panchayats. The Town Panchayats are ranked II and I Grade, if the annual income does not exceed Rs. 40,000 and 1 lakh respectively and Selecton Grade, if the annual income exceeds Rs. 1 lakh. The Selection Grade Panchayats are converted into Municipalities after observing certain formalities in consultation with the Panchayats and the concerned Panchayat Union Council. There are only 91 Municipalities and Municipal Townships including the recently converted Municipalities of .Taggayyapeta, Mirialguda, Wanaparthi, Sirpur, Macherla and Sattenapalle against 234 Urban Census towns as not all urban town panchayats are converted into municipalities or municipal townships as there is no provision in the Andhra Pradesh Municipalities Act 1965 to make it obligatory to convert 1them into Municipalities as soon as they become eligible. Of these, three are corporations (Hyderabad, Vishakhapatnam and Vijayawada). Gradation The gradation of the Municipalities and Townships in Andhra Pradesh is on the following income (Rs. lakhs) basis : Gradation of Municipalities Townships Special Selec- I II III Selec- I II tion tion Annual Income under all Accounts exceeding 75 50 15 7.5 3 General Fund Accounts rexceeding 50 25 10 5 2 Annual Income under General Fund Account ordinarily exceeding 10 5 1 The distribution of the 88 non-corporation municipalities classwise and gradewise is as under : Class I 17 Selection Grade 7 Class II 29 Special Grade 11 Class III 40 Grade I 13 Class IV 1 Grade II 24 Class v 1 Grade III 33 88 88 Table • I On the next page shows the municipal details of the 20 project towns. [ 3 ] ANNEX-2 Page 3 of Pages 3 TABLE-I MUNICIPAL PARTICULARS OF PROJECT TOWNS Year of Grading of Mty Num- Strength of MI. Council Elected Area 1981 Census Population Density Town Consti- Grade Date her of Total Reserved for Body Sq km Popu- Town per Hectare tution of MI. sc ST Wo- Effective lation Classi- Town District Maxi- Mty Wards men from :fication Aver- Aver- mum in age age Pockets of Town (1971 Census) 1. Adilabad II 20 24 2 - 2 20.73 53,482 II 25.80 1.01 50 2. Amalapuram 1.4.I948 II 18 24 3 1 2 24.8.8I 7.02 38,999 IU 55.55 3.42 100 3. Anakapalle I877 I 1.11.1956 27 32 2 l 2 13.8.81 23.28 73,179 II 31.43 2.31 200 4. Bapatla 2.4.1951 II 5.4,1963 24 28 I 1 2 17.97 55,347 II 30.80 3.00 250 5. Bheemunipatnam* 9.2.1861 Ill 27-1-1979 15 20 2 I 2 13.8.81 18.88 34,619 III 18.34 2.31 100 6. Dharmavaram 1.4.1964 III 1.4.1964 24 2 I 1 13.8.81 40.45 50,969 II 12.60 1.33 30 7. Gadwal 8.5.1950 III 16 20 2 - 2 I0.8.81 3.85 30,959 III 80.41 1.05 50 8. Gudivada 1.4.1937 Spl 28.4.I980 27 32 2 1 2 12.67 80,198 II 63.30 3.493 300 9. Gun taka! 1.4.I948 I 28.4.1980 25 32 4 1 2 51.90 84,599 II 16.30 1.33 300 10. Karim nagar 1952 II 1959 22 28 3 1 2 9.8.81 10.843 86,125 II 79.43 2.06 100 II. Kavali 1.4.1967 II 1.4.1980 14 20 2 2 2 22.95 48,119 III 20.97 1.54 80 12. Khamrnam 24.3.1942 I 28.4.1980 32 13.8.8I 25.00 98,757 II 39.50 1.09 80 13. Madanapalle 1.4.196I II 3,2.1970 19 24 2 1 2 14.20 54,938 II 38.69 1.81 100 14 Mahabubnagar II 32 13.50 87.503 II 64.82 1.05 100 15. Nandyal l.IO.I899 I 1.4.1970 26 32 3 1 2 15.42 88,185 II 57.19 1.36 300 16. Ongole 1876 Spl 28.4.1980 27 32 2 1 2 25.90 85,302 II 32.94 1.32 700 17. Proddatur I 32 7.12 107,070 I 150.38 1.26 500 18. Sangareddy III 12.10.1965 20 3 - 2 23.8.81 13.60 31,360 III 23.06 1.86 90 19. Srikakulam I865 I 12.10.1965 26 32 3 I 2 13.8.81 14.76 68,I45 II 46.17 3.36 120 20. Tadepalligudem 1.5.1958 I 28.4.1980 22 28 3 1 2 24.8.81 20,71 62,574 II 30.21 3.71 200 * First municipality to be constituted in Andbra Pradesh and the second in the country [ 4 ] 0 ANNEX-3 Page 1 of Pages 6 STUDIES ORGANISED BY TAG (Sections 1.9 and 5.10) Several studies have been carried out under the guidance and financial assistance (some in part) by TAG-India during the course of preparation of this feasibility report for giving the optimal designs for the varying hydrogeological conditions and the socio-economic backgrounds and to ensure that any lapses in the past programmes may not be repeated and all controversial issues taken care of. The following gives the broad outline of these studies while the summaries/major findings of the individual studies are given in separate annexes as mentioned : 1 Soil and Water Pollution Studies Short term examination of soil, ground water and water supply in the vicinity of 6 selected latrine pits in continuous long use (at least 5 years) for possible bacteriological and nitrate pollution were conducted in the states of Bihar (3 sites-2 community latrines and 1 private latrine), Gujarat (1 site-community) and Tamil Nadu (2 sites-private) in collaboration with the concerned State Water Pollution Prevention and Control Boards, NEERl Zonal Laboratories and the State Public Health Laboratories under the overall guidance of the Pollution Advisory Committee comprising the Chairman. Central Board for Prevention and Control of Water Pollution (001), Adviser (PHEE), Ministry of Works & Housing (GOI), Director (NEERI) and a Sanitary Engineer of WHO. TAG-India provided the services of the coordinator, Dr. T.R. Bhaskaran. Summary of the studies may be seen at Annex-4. The main findings are : a. Bacterial pollution was not present in the soil samples c01lected as close as l.Sm distance from leach pit in very fine unsaturated soils with grain size O.OSmm or less. In these soils, there is no evidance of bacterial pollution in the water samples collected from wells, as close as 8m distance from the pit as also tap water obtained from the distribution pipes at the site. There was no increase in nitrate content in well water samples as near as Sm. b. In continuous unsaturated/unconsolidated strata (of soil size less then lmm) and greater than 2m depth below bottom of leaching pit, risk of ground water pollution due to faecal conta- mination would be minimal, provided the hydraulic loading in the pit does not exceed 50 mm/day. These findings were reviewed by the Expert Group and later, the International Working Group on Water Pollution. The design criteria including the specific modifications needed in un- favourable hydrogeological conditions are discussed in the Expert Group's Review Report on the Design Criteria for Pourflush Waterseal Latrines at AnneK-7. :ll Evaluation Studies of Ongoing Programmes Evalution of the ongoing latrine conversion/construction programmes in the three states of Bihar, Gujarat and Tamil Nadu (where such programmes were under execution for a long period on a large scale) were carried out by three independent organisations but fully financed by TAG-India to assess the reactions of the adopters and nod-adopters of different socio economic status in varying geological and hydrogeological conditions towards the pourflush water-seal latrines and to identify the constraints, if any, in the implementation of the programme and their remedial measures. [ 5 l ANNEX-3 Page 2 of Pages 6 STUDIES ORGANISED BY TAG (Contd.) Evaluation was done in 19 representative towns-Bihar (9), Gujarat (6) and Tamil Nadu (4) by the Head, Sociology Department of Patna University, Patna; Head, Sociology Deptt. of Sardar Vallabhai University, Vallabh Vidyanagar. Gujarat; and Director, Institute of Public Health, Poonamallee, Madras respectively. Standard stratified sampling procedures (with adequate sam- pling size) were adopted for facilitating accurate projections not only for the concerned towns but also for the concerned States. The main conclusions are : a. Awareness of the need for such a low cost system is significantly present and could easily be improved and fully exploited by the inputs in education and training; b. Most of the people are willing to adopt this system if the down payments are small and a specific organisation completes all the formalities on their behalf, at a small service charge, if needed; c. Long term loans with monthly instalments of about Rs. 5 would be acceptable even to the low income groups; and d. White glazed ceramic pans are preferred to concrete/ mosaic units even though the costs of the former are somewhat higher. More details may be seen in Annexes-5 and 6. 3 Technology Optimisation For obtaining the least cost solutions with optimal layout, structural stability and life of the different components of this system, detailed engineering studies were made by the CBRI, financed through TAG-India. The assistance and guidance from the work already done by the various organisations in the field and particularly by TAG, AIIH & PH, NEER£, RCAP and PRAI was taken full advan- tage of. Later, this work on the design criteria for pourflush waterseal latrines was reviewed by an Expert Group consisting of Dr. T.R. Bhaskaran of TAG, Dr. S. V. Patwardhan, Professor & Head, Centre for Rural Development and Appropriate Technology, IIT, Delhi; Dr. I. Radha- krishnan, Scientific Officer, CPHEEO, Ministry of Works and Housing GOI; Prof. V. Raman. Head of Sewage Treatment and Envir.:mmental Engineering Consultancy Division, NEERJ, Nagpur; andProf. S. Subba Rao, Professor & Head, Sanitary Engineering Department, AIIH & PH, Calcutta. Summary of the design requirements, both optimal as well as other options, as recommended by the Expert Group may be seen at pages I-3 of the Annex-7 which gives the Group's Report. 4 Institutional, Financial and Legal Studies Legal studies, financed by TAG-India and carried out by the Rajasthan Institute of Local Self Government, Jaipur, were to study the existing legal provisions of the local bodies of the WI project towns and suggest practical and expeditious remedial measures for overcoming the existing lacunae/inadequacies. The other studies were carried out by the TAG-India direct· [ 6 J ANNEX-3 Page 3 of Pages 6 STUDIES ORGANISED BY TAG (Contd.) The main conclusions are : a. The local bodies are capable of executing the project but additional technical staff component is a must along with the direction and supervision of the PHMED. b. The local bodies do not have the resources either to fund the project of this magnitude or to undertake loans for the programme. c. The local bodies are not in a position even to fully bear the maintenance burden of community latrines. d. Some legal amendments and adoption of model bye laws are needed to ensure faster and more efficient implementation to the programme. Annex-8 gives the major findings of these studies. Model bye laws recommended are at Annex-42 while the suggested legal amendments in (i) The Andhra Pradesh Municipalities Act, 1965 and (ii) The Andhra Pradesh Builidings (Lease, Rent and Evietion) Control Act, 1960 may be seen at Annex-41. 5 Sociological Study on the Impact of Latrine Conversion on Scavengers This study, financed by TAG-India, by the Department of Soeial Sciences, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur in the states of Bihar and Rajasthan had the objectives to study the nature and extent of unemployment problem faced by the scavengers; assess the response/reaction of the s::avengers (particularly those who have customary rights); and suggest measures for the economic rehabilitation of the scavengers as a consequence of mass scale implementation of this programme. The most important finding is that this programme will not create any significant unemployment or underemployment amongst scavengers and they too have no objection to the programme. More findings may be seen at Annex-9 and extracts from the Report of the GOI Committee on Customary Rights to Scavenging at Annex-10. 6 Evaluation of Community Latrine Programme Pourfiush community latrine programme with onsite disposal in Bihar has been evaluated by the A.N.S. Institute of Sociai Sciences, Patna, to provide guidelines for a workable programme in the project as in certain towns upto about 10% of the households cannot be provided with individual latrines and they may have to be provided with community latrines to ensure 100% coverage of the project towns and they are also needed for the floating population. TAG-India funded these studies. The main conclusions are : a. Pay and use type community latrines are not used by the resident population, particularly women and children; and [ 7 ] ANNEX-3 Page 4 of Pages 6 STUDIES ORGANISED BY TAG (Contd.) b. Proper lighting, watersupply and cleaning arrangements with separation of seats for use by women and adequate number of seats at the peak use period are necessary for the full use of these latrines. More details may be seen at Annex-11. 7 House to House Surveys With the objectives of : a. giving guidelines to the local bodies regarding the type of latrines to be provided in each household with the approximate cost; and b. obtaining a realistic basis for suggesting a suitable pattern of loan and grant mix for each householder: specific data was collected from all the households (about 1 million in the 101 Project towns and 0.265 million in the 20 towns of Andhra Pradesh) and analysed through computer. TAG-India funded the computerisation and analysis eosts while the local bodies have borne the survey data collection costs. Further details of these surveys may be seen in Annex-12. Main conclusions from these surveys of the 20 Project Towns are : a. Taking all the 20 project towns together, 64% do not have any latrine facilities (individual towns ranging from 34% in Karimnagar to 88% in Gadwal), while another 17% have access to dry latrines (individual towns ranging from 4% in Gadwal to 53% in Karimnagar), the remaining 19% (individual towns ranging from 5% in Bheemunipatnam to 24% in Khammam) served by flush atrines. The percentages of the nolatrine and dry latrine households for these 20 project towns are lower than those of 71% and 23% respectively reported by DMA while that for the flush latrines is considerably higher than the 6% reported for all the 85 munici- palities together. b. Scheduled caste/scheduled tribe households are present in all the project towns though their percentage varies from 5% in Proddatur to 24% in Amalapuram with an average of 10% for all the project towns against the average of 20.8% for the state. c. Scheduled caste/scheduled tribe households in half the project towns do not have flush latrines and even in the others, the percentage of households having them in each town varies from 0.01 to 0.79, the average being 0.11 against the average of 14.44 (range 5.15 to 24.48) of the total households. d. 76% of the total town households have a monthly income less than Rs. 650/-, the percentages for the individual towns varying from 61% (Karimnagar) to 89.5% (Gadwal). e. There are in all 213, 815 households to be benefited by the Project; of them, 53% (including 8% SC/ST), 16% (including 2% SC/ST) and 13% (including 2% SC/ST) are in the monthly income groups of Rs. 0-Rs. 449, Rs. 450 to Rs. 549 and Rs. 550 to Rs. 649 respectively; viz; 82% are below the poverty line of Rs. 600/-. [ 8 1 ANNEX-3 P~ge 5 of Pages 6 STUDIES ORGANISED BY TAG (Contd.) f. All the 45, 927 conversions and 167, 888 new constructions are feasible.Only for 96 conver- sions in 9 towns (0.37%), the pits have to be outside the premises-61 in 6 towns under the footpath and 35 in 5 towns under the road. For new constructions, pits for 875 households in 9 towns (1.03 %) have to be under footpath and another 542 households in 6 towns (0.89%) under road, for a total of 1,417 households in 10 towns ( 1.54%), the pits have to be outside the premises. Taking all the beneficiaries in 20 project towns together for both conversions and new latrines, the percentage of households with pits outside the premises is only 0.71% as it is nil in 8 towns (Adilabad, Amalapuram, Bapatla, Bheemunipatnam, Dharmavararn, Khammam, Ongole and Tadepalligudem). 8 Ceramic Manufacture Promotional Studies Since the specific types of ceramic pans and traps needed for the Project were being manufac- tured by only 3 manufacturets in two States and that too not fully conforming to the design advocated by TAG-India, the possibility of additional manufacturing capacity to the correct designs at competetive rates was explored Two state government public sector undertakings, M/s Tacel Ceramics Ltd., Vriddhachalam, Tamil Nadu and M/s. A.P. Sidco Ltd. Gudur, Andhra Pradesh have started manufacture accordingly. More details can be seen at Annex-13. 9 Study of Alternate Materials for Pan and Trap TAG-India made vigorous and sustained efforts for the development of glass-fibre reinforced plastic (GRP) and PVC squatting pans and traps and high density polyethylene (HDPE) traps, as lighter and cheaper alternatives to ceramic pans and traps which are heavier and more expensive. As a result, there are now several manufacturers, many of them small-scale and local unite, establish- ed in different States (more than six in Andhra Pradesh itself), manufacturing lighter and cheaper squatting pans and trps P.V C. and HOPE diversion chambers for switching the flow to the second pit when the first pit is filled up by a mere rotating device eliminating any possibility of physical contact with nightwil have also been standardised and manufacture started. More details can be seen at Annex-13. 10 Standardisation and Quality Control Studies At the request of TAG-India, the Indian Standards Institution (lSI) initiated the work on formulating a draft Indian Standard for GRP pans and traps as also that for PVC pans and traps and constituted an adhoc Panel with TAG-India as the Convener. The standards, which would be finalised shortly are expected to cover both hand moulding and press moulding and help the user governments and beneficiaries to get quality products. 11 Sand Envelope Studies As a follow-up and optimisation of the sand envelope recommended by the Expert Group for prevention of water pollution by the onsite disposal system even under unfavourable hydrogeolo- gical conditions, a study has been arranged in West Bengal and Kerala by TAG-India with assis- tance from the International Reference Centre for Waste.Disposal (lRCWD), Switzerland and in collaboration with the concerned agencies of the Government of India and State Governments. [ 9 ) ANNEX-3 Page 6 of Pages 6 STUDIES ORGANISED BY TAG (Contd.) The studies are in progress. 12 Low Volume Flusing Cisterns Study Under a collaborative development Programme of the Swedish International Development Authority (SIDA), the World Bank and UNDP, applied investigations for low volume flushing cisterns for water closets using only It to 2 litres of water have been carried out in Sweden. Laboratory tests have been completed in Sweden in collaboration with TAG-India and the CBRI, Roorkee. Design modification for the pan and trap for efficient flush is also being tried. 900 units of these-half with the cisterns and half without the cisterns-will be sent free under the programme and tested in the actual different field conditions of India during 1984. After the design is finalised, they will be indigenously manufactured in India. The cisterns could be fixed to the toilet pans of UNDP design advocated by TAG-India. A 12-Iitre capacity cistern to be filled up manually and capable of flushing the pan 8 times successively or 8 pans connected in parallel simultaneously is designed. This will enable considerable saving of water and will be of particular value in small and medium towns with chronic water shortage. 13 Sludge Accumulation Study As over 40,000 pourflush latrines of the UNDP design have been constructed in different hydro- geological conditions of India, a study has been undertaken in Bihar, West Bengal and Uttar Pradesh wiih consultants from the University of North Carolina, on the sludge accumulation rates for further optimising designs of leach pits for different field conditions. The study is in progress. 14 Audio Visual Training Programme Development Study At the instance of TAG-India, the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) has produced a slide and sound module of the low cost sanitation project in Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh. The film, which will be accompanied by a manual for trainers, will be valuable for training per- sonnel responsible fer planning and implementing these projects. The film is awaited. 15 Education for Participation Study A three·week intensive study was done just before the end of the Project through a sub- contact team on the much needed social aspects of the Project in terms of generating more active participation of the community, more knowledgeable acceptance and conviction about the value of onsite sanitation and the role of special project groups such as women and sweepers. The study was made in a small project town Hodal in Haryana with a 1981 census population of 18,740,26% of which was seheduled castes. 1403 bucket latrines (50.82%) were to be converted under the Home Ministry's scavenger free programme while 46.72% households did not have any latrines and only 2.46% had flush latrines. The direct participatory approach was found to be more effective than the indirect approach to enlist maximum community involvement, including the Special project groups. [ 10 ] ANNEX-4 Page 1 of Pages 3 SUMMARY OF SOIL AND WATER POLLUTION STUDIES CONDUCTED IN BIHAR, GUJARAT & TAMIL NADU (Sections 1.9,4.4.1 and 4.5.3) 1 Introduction One of the very important aspects to be considered for the large scale implementation of the low cost pour· flush waterseal latrine (with twin leach pits) programme is the extent of possible soil and water pollution hazards arising from these pits in different hydrogeological conditions. Such units already exist in large number in the States of Bihar, Gujarat and Tamil Nadu. Studies at six sites in these three states were undertaken by Dr. T.R. Bhaskaran, Consultant of the Project, in collabo- ration with the concerned State Water Pollution Prevention and Control Boards, NEERI Zonal Laboratories and the State Public Health Laboratories. Sites 3 sites in Bihar (2 community latrines at Patana and 1 private latrine at Motiharn, 1 site in Gujarat ( l community latrine at Kheda near Ahmedabad) and 2 sites in Tamil Nadu (private latrines at K.adaperi and Seliyur in Tambaram near Madras) were studied. 3 Mehodology A protocol for carrying out pollution studies was prepared in consultation with the agencies carrying out the studies in the States and the Pollution Advisory Committee 12 test wells of open type about lOrn deep with 150 mm dia MS/PVC pipes with slots and provided with suitable plat- form and covers to protect them from external contamination were used at each site- at 8, 16 and 100m away from the leaching pits, the last serving as control wells being sufficiently away from the leaching pits and also clear of other sources of pollution. Weekly samples were collected and at least 8 observations from each sampling point obtained. Sigma Motor Sampler Model WD-2 or the simpler weighted metallic frame was used for sampling and tested for faecal coliform count, faecal streptococci count, PH and nitrates. Soil samples were collected at every 1m depth upto 10 m depth from at least 2 borings at 8 m distance (collected at the time of well boring itself) and examined for (i) percentage of diff~rant grain size-clay, silt and sand (ii) permeability coefficient (iii) organic matter and (iv) PH to know the soil characteristics. 4 sets of soil samples for bacteriological examination of faecal coliform count and faecal streptococci count were collected at 1.5 m and 4.5 m (hodzontal distances) from the edge of the pit and at every one meter depth (rejecting the top 0.5 m of surface soil), the last sample being well beyond the bottom of the latrine pit. 4 Analysis of results 4.1 At Kheda site (Gujarat), the soil is very fine with 20 per cent clay, effective size less than 0.002mm and a low permeability coefficient of 0.34 to 1.5 x 10-7 em/sec. The water table at the site is well below the bottom of the latrine pit throughout the year. The observations made at this stte showed that: [ 11 ] ANNEX-4 Page 2 of Pages 3 SUMMARY OF SOIL AND WATER POLLUTION STUDIES CONDUCTED IN BIHAR GUJARAT &: TAMIL NADU (Contd.) i. bacterial pollution was not present in the soil samples collected as close as 1.5 m distance from the pit; ii. there is no evidence of bacterial pollution in the water samples collected from wells, as close as lm distance from the pit and tap water obtained from the distribution pipes at the site; and iii. there was no increase in nitrate content in the well water samples even at 8 m as compared to the control wells at 100 m distance from the pit. 4.2 Both sites at Tamil Nadu are located in rocky region with rock outcrops occuring at varying depths. The overlying soil strata is coarse with 75 to 80 per cent gravel and sand and low clay content varying from 5 to 0.5 per cent and a permeability coefficient ranging from 1.95x10-6 to 2.56 x 10-3 em/sec. Both the sites showed high background pollution and the observations made at these sites are therefore of limited value in establishing the extent of pollution under these conditions. However, the results showed that there is likelihood of bacterial pollution flowing upto 8m distance and nitrate pollution upto 16m distance from the pit. Further work at cleaner sites with little background pollution is necessary to establish the extent of pollution travel from leach pits in this type of rocky regions. 4.3 Both the sites in Patna and one site in Motihari contain high percentage of silt and clay in the soil with effective size less than 0.05 mm and a permeability coefficient of 0.032 to 290.5 x 10-5 em/sec. The study shows that under the soil conditions prevalent at the sites there is no definite evidence of pollution even in the wells 8m away in Patna. In the Motihari site there is some evidence of pollution in only one of the fln1r 8 m zone wells. but even here the average MPN count is less than 10 per 100 MI. There is also no evidence of nitrate pollution in wells at all the sites. 5 Conclusions i. From the limited study carried out in the three States, it would appear that the introduction of pourflush latrines does not pose any pollution hazards to ground water or water mains, if proper precautions are taken. ii. When water is drawn from confined acquifers which are relatively deep, onsite excreta disposal poses : a no pollution hazard provided the well construction is carried out properly to preclude direct flow from unconfined zones and sanitarily protected to prevent surface contamina- tion; and b problem for (intermittent or low pressure) water distribution systems but it can be taken care of by ensuring a minimum 3m distance betv.een the pit and the distribution pipes and protecting the vulnerable sec1ions from external contamination. 12 ANNEX-4 Page 3 of Pages 3 SUMMARY OF SOIL AND WATER POLLUTION STUDIES CONDUCTED IN BIHAR GUJARAT & TAMIL NADU (Contd.) ... Ill. In continuous unsaturated/unconsolidated strata (of soil size less than lmm) and greater than 2m depth below bottom of leaching pit, risk of ground water pollution due to faecal contami- nation would be minimal, provided the hydraulic loading in the pit does not exceed 50mm/day. These conclusions were reviewed by the Expert Group and later, the International Working Group on Water Pollution. The design criteria including the distance between leach pits and house foundations (dependent on soil conditions, height of structure, condition of house and depth of formation) as well as specific modifications needed in unfavourable hydrogeological conditions are discussed in the Expert Group's Review Report on the Design Criteria for Pourftush Water- se:;~.l Latrines at Annex-7. [ 13 ] ANNEX-5 Page 1 of Pages 5 FINDINGS OF THE EV ALUATIO:'J STUDIES OF THE ONGOING LATRINE CONVERSION PROGRAMMES IN BIHAR, GUJARAT AND TAMIL NADU (Sections 1.9, 2.4.1 and 6.2) 1 Awareness Majority of the householders without latrines (60%) and with dry latrines (80%) are-- 1. aware of the availability of water-flush latrines and their advantages (but not that they cost as low as the TAG design); ii. not satisfied with their present defecation arrangements; and iii. unhappy and have developed a fairly unfavourable attitude towards the use of dry latrines. However, there should be a regular agency and campaign for publicity and personal contacts to make the people aware of the latrine programme and its benefits, as also to appraise them with the adverse effects of having a dry/bucket latrine or in going for defecation in the open. Assistance of local social and, religious leaders, influential persons, Ward Commissioners (members of the municipal council) etc. should be sought in motivating the people to adopt the latrines. 2 Suitability The low cost waterseal latrines with onsite excreta disposal pits have been found functioning well in different hydrogeological site conditions and the users are also satisfied with their performance. 3 Acceptance These latrines are popular amongst every section of the population irrespective of caste, community, religion and occupation. In Bihar, it is much more acceptable to the weaker section of the population with a low income (upto Rs. 300 p.m.), the people in the higher income groups preferring costlier materials or more sophisticated systems. In Gujarat and Tamil Nadu, adopters are comparatively more in the middle and higher income groups. 4 Preferences r. In Bihar and Tamil Nadu, where the existing programmes use only mosaic or cement concrete pans with traps, the adopters as well as nonadopters preferred the ceramic ones even though they are somewhat costlier. ii. In Gujarat and Tamil Nadu, people have shown preference to twin leach pit system (against the prevalent single pit system). iii. Exclusive use of latrine is the preferred pattern among the adopters; inspite of their poor economic condition, most of the nonadopters do not like to go in for a common pourflush waterseal latrine to be shared with oth~rs. This is more pronounced in Gujarat where such a syliltem exi£ts. [ 14 1 ANNEX-5 Page 2 of Pages 5 FINDINGS OF THE EVALUATION STUDIES OF THE ONGOING LATRINE CONVERSION PROGRAMMES IN BIHAR, GUJARAT AND TAMIL NADU (Contd.) 5 Teclmical guidance and organisational help in observance of formalities 1. Majority of the adopters in Gujarat and some in Bihar opined that the technical guidance provided was not adequate. n. Their is a general misconception and apprehension about the waterseal latrines among the non-adopters of Bihar about the high cost, pit collapse, bad smell, defective fixtures etc. This applies to a slightly lesser extent in Gujarat and Tamil Nadu also. iii. Both the adopters and the nonadopters in Gujarat were strongly of the view that the existing formalities were too complicated and time consuming. iv. Organisational help is needed, particularly for the weaker sections for observing the various formalities with the local bodies, procuring materials and executing quality work at least cost. In Bihar, all these procedures and formalities were so subtly and fully taken care of by the private construction organisation that about 10% of the adopters (monthly income less than Rs. 700 and educated upto matric) did not even realise that they have taken loan (though they have signed the loan application and other documents). In Tamil Nadu, the complaint was more about the budgetary, applicable area and time limitations rather than the procedures themselves which are taken care of by the government construction depart- ment. v. The latrine programme should be supported by legal sanction. It should be made obligatory for the house-owner to construct a pourftush latrine in his house within a specific period on receiving a notice. If he fails to do so, the municipality should be empowered to construct it and recover the cost from the houseowner. No new construction or addition or alterations in the existing building be allowed or a portion of the house rented without a proper and separate sanitary latrine for each family. Even if the houseowner does not give his concur- rence, the tenant should be allowed to have a pourftush latrine, if he so desires. vi. There should not be any delay in the construction of a latrine after the householder's applica- tion for it is received. All necessary arrangements and formalities should be completed earlier. 6 Maintenance and Monitoring i. Some adopters in Bihar and Gujarat have complained of different defects like the pit collapse, defective fixtures, fixtures not durable, choking and emitting bad smell. n. The necessity of training the householders ahout the proper upkeep of the latrine (e.g. to prevent choking) and pits (e.g. to prevent partial collapse due to making holes to let oft' the gases) has also been brouiht out. [ 1~ 1 ANNEX-5 Page 3 of Pages 5 F'INDINGS OF THE EVALUATION SfUDIES OF THE ONGOING I~ATIUNE CONVERSION PROGRAMMES IN BIHAR, GUJARAT AND TAMIL NADU (Contd.) iii. Emptying the pit contents regularly and promptly (preferably free of cost) on an organized basis, their storage and marketing as a manure was found necessary. iv. Vigilance or monitoring service during construction as also for looking into the grie\'ances of adopters without any delay, personal inspection in th(~ first fortnight of completion of construction to fi.nd out any problems and also to educate !the householders about the proper upkeep of the units was found wanting and considered very necessary. v. To ensure adequate maintenance of the facility, local residents should be trained in simple procedures of reporting any major defect or fault developed (through card system) to the responsible authorities. vi. There should be a complaints cell in the office of the implementing agency to register the complaints of the latrine adopters and see that these are attended to promptly. 7 Orientation and Training There should be orientation courses for the municipal chairmen, commiSSIOners, technical and sanitary staff as well as for local leaders and other persons responsible for the implementation of the programme. There should be training courses for the municipal/executive agency's construction and maintan·· ance staff, contractors and masons. The adopters should also be trained and educated about the use of pourfiush latrines including the operation and maintenance aspects. A booklet should be prepared in the local language to spell out the details of use and maintenance of the ditTerent accessories of the latrine and their functions. l:J Demonstration Units Some latrines in the households to serve as demonstration units should first be constructed so that the people may see for themselves as to what a pourflush latrine is, how it functions and how it is constructed and maintained. This would dispel their doubts about the possibility of foul smell as well as defects and non-durability of fixtures. Also all schools should be provided with well maintained units to inculcate this healthy habit at the primary level. A small cement tub may be constructed near the latrine for storage of flushing and ablution water. Twin leach pits should invariably be adopted and constructed even to begin with. 16 ] ANNEX-5 Page 4 of Pages 5 'FINDINGS OF THE EVALUATION STUDIES OF THE ONGOING LATRlNE CONVERSION PROGRAMMES IN BIHAR, GUJARAT AND TAMIL NADU (Contd.) 9 Community Latrines Well maintained and with round the clock service, water flush community latrines with adequate seats (separately for men and women) should be constructed at suitable places for the use of casual visitors at public places like the bus stand etc. Wherever feasible, pay and use type latrines may be adopted with nominal service charges to be collected from the users to enable proper maintenance. Similar latrines will also be necessary for those permanent residents in whose households latrines cannot be constructed due to space constraints. 10 Atfordability 1. More than 70% did not go in for the pourflush latrines because of their inability to contribute their share according to the prevailing pattern of assistance (down right one time payment of 80%-tOO% cost in Tamil Nadu and 50% in Gujarat-only from March 1, 1981 the pattern has been changed to nil for Harijans and 20% for others in Gujarat). Maximum response was available from Bihar where the full funds were available for construction without the house- holders having to shell down any money before the start of construction. ii. Given a choice, people prefer subsidy to loan. iii. Most people were ready to go in for the programme if long term government loans with easy instalments were made available. iv. 50-90% of the respondents preferred monthly payments and considered the range of Rs. 5-20 as reasonable. Both low (monthly income upto Rs. 300) and middle (monthly income Rs. 300-700) income groups form significant part of this category : 46% & 39% (Bihar); 27% & 21% (Gujarat) and 36% & 35% (Tamil Nadu) respectively. v. The loan burden of 50% at 13% interest rate repayable in 15 equal instalments in 5 years in Bihar does not seem to have been realised by the adopters as hardly 2% are repaying the loan and 98% do not repay at all as the municipalities have practically not yet started the work of loan recovery even though the programme is going on from 1967 and more vigorously from 1974. vi. The local bodies should evolve a method of recovery so that the weaker sections of the society may not have to pay more than 2% of their income towards the repayment of the loan taken by them. It should also be regular (preferably monthly), prompt and efTeel ive. [ 17 1 ANNEX-5 Page 5 to Pages 5 l<'INU!NGS OF THE EVALUATION STUDlES OF THE ONGOllNG LATRINE CONVERSION PROGRAMMES IN BIHAR, GUJARAT AND TAMIL NADU (Contd.) 11 Others _Factors I· Development of a new felt need for a better defecation facility, operation of legal sanctions and growing dissatisfaction with the deteriorating latrine cleaning services, have been the three most potent factors behind adoption of a large majority in Gujarat. 11. Satisfied adopters are the best promoters and dissatisfied adopters are the greatest detractors. iii. Programme for rehabilitation of scavengers who will be relieved of their present occupation of scavenging without any financial loss should form an integral part of the latrine pro- gramme. (More specific information on Tamil Nadu can be S(:en at Annex-6). [ 18 ANNEX-6 Page 1 of Pages 10 MAJOR FINDINGS OF THE EVALUATION STUDY OF THE ONGOING PROGRAMMES IN TAMIL NADU (Sections 1.9, 2.4.1, 4.5.1 and 8.2) 1 Sui'Vey Tamil Nadu is one of the three states selected for this Evaluation Study because of the pioneering and large scale implementation done. The four towns selected in the four districts represent the four types of geohydrological, social, semi urban and congested characteristics represented in the 15 project towns and that of Tamil Nadu in general. Stratified sample size of 15% in the semi urban major town (MT) complex of Tambaram in Chen- galpattu near Madras city and 5% in the other three comparatively smaller medium towns (SMT) (Tenkasi, Pattukottai and Kodaikanal in the districts of Tirunelveli, Tanjavur and Madurai respectively) have been taken for the survey. Later 50% cross check was done in the interviews conducted by trained personnel for verification and tallying the collected particulars for making the findings fully accurate. 2 Programmes There are two schemes in operation. Under the "Regular Programme" initiated in 1962 and · operating in 23 blocks of the four districts of Chengalpattu, Tanjavur, Madurai and Tirunelveli, the individual has to pay the full cost of Rs. 260 upto the basement level. Under the "Conversion Programme" which will be in operation for six months in a year in town panchayats and munici- palities (Grades II and III) in the same four districts selected annually from 1973 primarily to benefit the households with income less than Rs. 500 per month, the individual has to pay Rs. 50/- before the Government would construct the entire unit for him. Both the schemes are execu- ted by the RCAP Wing of the Institute of Public Health, Poonamallee of the Public Health Department. In all, about 40,000 latrines have been provided under both the programmes. 3 Present Position Urban population has, to a major extent, realized the need for social privacy. Acceptance of sanitary waterseal latrines has gained some headway into the urban complex because of this with the second reason being the non availability of space for defecation purposes due to the prevalence of closely spaced dwellings. The existing distribution of septic tanks and water seal latrines is heavily skewed towards the rich. Even in MT, only 10% have waterseal sanitary latrines-WL (67% of them in households above poverty line-HPL), 33% have dry latrines-DL (62% of them in households below poverty line- PLH) and 57% have no latrines at all (91% of them in PLH). 75% of MT and 80% (range 66-90) of SMT reported lack of finance as the reason for their inability to convert their existing insanitary dry latrines though they (85% in MT and 91% in SMT with a range of 79-100%) very much want to do the conversion. The other reasons given were lack of space (7%); landlord tenant problems ( 4%) and difficulty in getting water for flushing (3%). Thus financial constraint is the major hurdle for the programme implementation. 19 ] ANNEX-6 Page 2 of Pages 10 MAJOR FINDINGS OF THE EVALUATION STUDY OF THE ONGOING PROGRAMMES IN TAMIL NADU (Contd.) 4 Awareness, Efforts and Causes of Failures Awareness of the availabilily of cheap and sanitary waterflush latrines is 59% in MT while it is 77% (range 40-96) in SMT. Even then, only 16% in MT and 15% of SMT attempted to get them installed at their owrt initiative or by the persuation of the government department/municipality as the government schemes of assistance were restricted both in area and timespan of operation. 78% of those who tried on their own initiative succeeded. Main reasons for the failure in their attempts in both types of towns and particularly in SMT was the lack of budget allotment (93%) Payment Capacity Hardly 1% and that too only in one of the four towns studied, are in a position to get the conver- sion done with a single payment. Almost all prefer government loans so that the payment could be made in long term and easy instalments. 6 Mode of Payment 6.1 In the more urbanised and larger towns (MT) 6.1.1 85% are willing to opt for this facility. 6.1.2 100% would like the repayment to be in monthly instalments. 6.1.3 A monthly instalment of Rs. 5-10 is considered reasonable by 34% while 27%, 24% and 14.5% consider the ranges of Rs. 11-15, Rs. 16-20 and Rs. 21-30 respectively as reasonable. 6.2 In the small and medium towns (SMT) 6.2.1 91% (range 79-100) are willing to go in for the conversion programme. 6.2.2 83% (range 69-100) want to repay the loans in monthly instalments. Others prefer quarterly, half yearly and annual payments in that order. 6.2.3 A monthly instalment upto Rs. 10/- is considered reasonable by 26% while 50%, 16%, 5% and 2% consider the ranges of Rs. 11-20, Rs. 21-30, Rs. 31-50 and Rs. 51-100 respectively as rea- sonable. 7 Preference for Ceramic Pan The programme, as being implemented, envisaged only the provision of a cement pan with red 0 oxide paint. In the evaluation survey even the people already provided with cement pans preferred to have them replaced by ceramic pans inspite of the higher cost (86'% : range of 30-93 20 ANNEX-6 Page 3 of Pages 10 MAJOR FINDINGS OF THE EVALUATION STUDY OF THE ONGOING PROGRAMMES IN TAMIL NADU (Contd.) already provided with ceramic units at the time of installation plus additional 4% and 14% want replacement in SMT and MT respectively). Life of Pit Average life of pit for the first use is 5 years in the plains and may prolong to 10 years in the hills, After second use, the pit gets filled up after 5 years in the plains and seven years in the hills. In the third use, the pit gets filled up in two to three years in plains and there is no data for the hill areas. 9 Disposal of Pit Contents The rate for emptying a pit with fresh night soil ranges from Rs. 25 to Rs. 30 and would be much less if the pit is emptied after three years or so when the contents are fully digested. The sludge from the pits after decomposition is utilised as manure only in very negligible cases. Agency for maintenance, regular desludging and marketing it as a compost is important. 10 Survey Details Category II Towns-Also Project Towns Category 1 Item Hills Plains Kodaikanal Tenkasi Pattukottai Tambar am 1. Sample size of 50 (5%) 49 (5%) 29 (5%) 50 (15%) Waterseal Latrine Households 2. Sample size of 20 (5%) 64 (5%) 109 (5%) 162 (15%) Dry Latrine Households 3. Sample size of No 100 (5%) 349 (5%) 341 (5%) 284 (15%) Latrine Households 4. Agency adopted RCAP unit of the Institute of Public Health, Tamil Nadu Govt. excepting in for the Construction Kodaikanal where most of the units were installed by the householders th~::m- of Waterfiush selves utilising the local masons and the locally available materials (no bricks). Latrines l 21 1 ANNEX-6 Page 5 of Pages 10 NlAJOR FINDINGS OF THE EVALUATION STUDY OF SANITATION FAClLITIES IN TAMIL NADU-% OF RESPONSES (Contd.) Item .Category II - Also Project Towns Category I Categories Kodaikanal Tenkasi Pattukottai Tambaram I & II 2 3 4 5 6 A HOUSEHOLDS WITH WATERSEAL LATRINES (Contd.) 6. Location of Pits a. Inside premises 1. below latrine ii. other 98 100 100 100 99 b. Outside premises 2 7. Preference for Ceramic or Porcelain Pan L already having 83 88 93 86 ii. additional asking 5 4 14 9 s. Period of Pit Filling First time one year 16 g two years three years 14 17 15 four years 17 7 five years 14 31 seven years ten years 29 43 1 50 16 23 Second time one year 25 11 two years three years 20 25 22 four years 40 45 l five years seven years 40 50 22 ten years [ 23 ] ANNEX-6 l>age 6 of Pages 10 MAJOR FINDINGS OF THE EVALUATION STUDY OF SANITATION FACILITIES IN TAMIL NADU-% OF RESPONSES (Contd.) Item Category II - Also Project Towns Category I Categories Kodaikanal Tenkasi Pattukottai Tambaram I & II 2 3 4 5 6 B HOUSEHOLDS WITH DRY EARTH LATRINES 1. Monthly Income of Respondents (Rs.) below 100 5 6 3 100- 199 30 30 4 15 200- 299 30 30 15 20 24 300- 399 10 5 54 38 27 400- 499 25 14 16 12 17 500- 599 6 I 26 12 600- 799 3 I 1 ~ 15 800- 1000 5 I 1 above 1000 1 J 2. Character of the Area Slum 15 4 Other 100 100 100 85 96 3. Density Congested 10 17 21 12 Not congested 90 83 100 79 88 4. Type of House Pucca 50 59 15 61 46 Semi-pucca 50 38 67 25 45 Kutcha 3 18 14 9 5. Awareness of 95 40 96 59 77 Cheap Type of Waterseal l,atrine [ 24 ] ANNEX-6 Page 7 of Pages 10 MAJOR FINDINdS OF THE EVALUATION STUDIES OF SANITATION FACILITIES IN TAMIL NADU-% OF RESPONSES (Contd.) Item Category II ~ Also Project Towns Category I Categories Kodaikanal Tenkasi Pattukottai Tambaram I & II 2 3 4 5 6 B HOUSEHOLDS WITH DRY EARTH LATRINES (Contd.) 6. Readiness for Conversion -Yes 95 79 100 85 92 -No 5 19 15 7 - Yes, if free 2 1 7. Reasons for Non~ conversion - Lack of finance 90 58 85 75 76 - Lack of space 10 5 12 6 - Difficulty in getting flushing water 6 7 4 - Not interested in being a tenant 1 14 6 - Landlord not interested 8 12 10 6 !; Mode of Payment - Single payment 4 -Monthly instalment 90 67 100 100 91 - Quarterly instalment 17 5 - Half yearly instalment 8 2 -Annual instalment 2 1 -Free 10 2 25 ANNEX-6 Page 8 of Pages 10 MAJOR FINDINGS OF THE EVALUATION STUDIES OF SANITATION FACILITIES IN TAMIL NADU-% OF RESPONSES (Contd.) Item Category II - Also Project Towns Category I Categories Kodaikanal Tenkasi Pattukottai Tambaram I & II ~----- - --- ~-- --- --- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ----------------·- -·- -- 2 3 4 5 6 B HOUSEHOLDS WITH DRY EARTH LATRINES (Contd.) 9. Reasonable Monthly Instalments upto Rs. Rs. 5.00 5.1- 10.0 6 9 } 37 } 27 34 } 28 Rs 10.1- 15.0 11 l l 27 l >- 42 >- 71 >- 60 Rs. 15.1- 20.0 22 J J 24 J 6 Rs. Rs. 20.1- 25.0 25.1- 30.0 l I 33 7 5 2 } 14.5 1 Rs. 30.1- 40.0 >- I 16 Rs. 40.1- 50.0 J 9 4 Rs. 50.1-100.0 6 0.5 1 10. Self Approached 5 ~ 4 18.5 Govt. for Assistance in Installation 11. Successful in 44 20 Efforts 12. Failure in Effort due to -Lack of budget 90 39 29 60 allotment -Contribution 2 39 too high -Unsuitability 5 11 14 7 of site --Area not covered 3 57 13. Approached by 95 23 12 18 Govt./Munici- palities for Installation [ 26 ] ANNEX-6 Page 9 to Pages 10 MAJOR FINDINGS OF THE EVALUATION STUDY OF SANITATION FACILITIES IN TAMIL NADU-% OF RESPONSES (Contd.) Item Category II- Also Project Towns Category I Categories Kodaikanal Tenkasi Pattukottai Tambaram I & II 1 2 3 4 5 6 c HOUSEHOLDS WITH NO LATRINE 1. Monthly Income of Respondents (Rs.) below 100 100-199 13 58 } 76 6 10 4.5 200-299 300-399 15 9 } 16 45 33 46 35 60.5 16.0 400-499 500-599 1 3 } 6 1 10 6 3 1 13.0 ~ 600-799 I I 2 ~ 6 ~ 6.0 800-999 0.5 I I 1000 and above J 0.5 J ) 2. Area of Location Slum 28 26 48 15 Other 72 14 100 52 85 3. Density Congested 28 47 56 25 Not congested 72 53 100 44 75 4. Type of House 11 11 Pucca Semi-pucca Kutcha 9 64 27 15 59 26 ' 44 49 38 51 52 36 5. Place of Defecation Neighbour's latrine l 0.5 Common private latrine 1 1 0.5 Public latrine 36 2 1 9.8 Back yards 6 10 16 2 30.7 [ 27 ANNEX-6 Page 10 of Pages HI MAJOR FINDINGS OF THE EVALUATION STUDY OF SANITATION FACILITIES IN TAMIL NADU~% OF RESPONSES (Contd.) Item Category II ~ Also Project Towns Category I Categories Kodaikanal Tenkasi Pattukottai Tam bar am I & II 1 2 3 4 5 6 "-~-- c HOUSEHOLDS WITH NO LATRINE ( Contd.) 5. Place of Defecation (Contd.) Drains 2 0.9 Road/Street sides 21 8 3 7.0 Open spaces 37 73 24 90 53.0 Railway line pits etc. 3 2 6. Reasons for Non- installation -Lack of finance 82 52 96 90 83 -Lack of space 4 34 6 10 -Difficulty in getting flushing water 8 1 -Not interested being a tenant 2 4 3 3 -Landlord not interested 12 2 3 3 l 28 ] ANNEX-7 Page 1 of Pages 31 REPORT OF THE EXPERT GROUP TO REVIEW THE DESIGN CRITERIA FOR POUR FLUSH WATERSEAL LATRINES (Sections 1.9, 4.4.1, 4.4.3 and 4.5.3) COMPOSITION OF THE EXPERT GROUP I. Dr. T. R. Bhaskaran, Consultant, Technology Advisory Group UNDP Global Project GL0/78/006 Coordinator 2. Dr. S.V. Patwardhan, Professor and Head, Centre for Rural Development and Appropriate Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 3. Dr. I. Radha Krishnan, Scientific Officer, Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organisation, Ministry of Works and Housing, New Delhi 4. Professor V. Raman, Head, Environmental Engineering Consultancy Division and Sewage Treatment Division, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur 5. Professor s. Subba Rao, Professor and Head, Sanitary Engineering Department, All India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health, Calcutta [ 29 ] ANNEX-7 Page 2 of Pages 31 EXPERT GROUP REPORT ON DESIGN CRITERIA FOR POUR FLUSH VVATERSEAL LATRINES CONTENTS Page Acronyms 31 PREAMBLE 32 2 SUMMARY OF DESIGN REQUIREMENTS 32 2.1 Summary of Design Requirements for Pour Flush Waterseal Latrine with Leaching Pits 32 3 INDIVIDUAL POUR FLUSH WATERSEAL LATRINES-A REVIEW 37 to 56 3.1 Latrine Size 37 3.2 Pan and Trap 38 to 42 i. Front width of the pan ii. Back width of the pan iii. Front wall of the pan iv. Recess in the back wall ofthe pan v. Length of the pan vi. Slope and smoothness of the base of the pan vii. Construction materials viii. Trap diameter and waterseal depth 3.3 Connection to the Leaching Pits 42 to 43 i. Connecting pipe or channel ii. Inspection chamber iii. Foot rests iv. Flooring v. Superstructure 3.4 Design of the Pit 44 to 51 i. Sludge accumulation in the pit ii. Effective pit volume iii. Optimisation of the design of the leaching pits iv. Distance of the leaching pit from the existing structures v. Leaching capacity of the pits 3.5 Pit Geometry and Lining 51 to 54 i. Public Health Institute, Poonamallee, Madras ii. National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur iii. Planning Research-cum-Action Institute, Lucknow iv. Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi . v. Sulabh International, Patna (Bihar) vi. Safai Vidyalaya, Ahmedabad (Gujarat) [ 30 ] ANNEX-7 Page 3 of Pages 31 EXPERT GROUP REPORT ON DESIGN CRITERIA FOR POUR FLUSH WATERSEAL LATRINES CONTENTS (Contd.) Page 3.5 Pit Geometry and Lining (Contd.) vii. Housing & Urban Development Corporation, Govt. of India viii. Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee ix. Merits and demerits x. Effect of digesting night soil on bricks and cement 3. 6 Lining Thickness 54 3. 7 Utilization of Pit Contents 55 i. Removal of pit contents ii. Health aspects iii. Manurial value 3.8 Pit Cover 55 4 COMMUNITY LATRINES 56 5 POLLUTION ASPECTS 56 to 59 5.1 Safe Distance from the Drinking Water Sources i. Dry pits ii. Wet pits 5.2 Safe Distance from the Water Supply Mains 5.3 Viral Pollution 5.4 Nitrate Pollution 6 PREINVESTIGATION AND MONITORING 59 ACRONYMS AC Asbestos Cement AIIH & PH All Indill. Institute of Hygiene and Public Health, Calcutta cap Capita CBRI Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee CM Cement Mortar GRP Glass fibre reinforced polyester plastic IRCWD International Reference Centre for Waste Disposal, Switzerland lSI Indian Standards Institution, New Delhi NEERI National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur PRAI Planning Research-cum-Action Institute, Lucknow PVC Poly Vinyl Chloride sw Stone Ware TAG Technology Advisory Group-India [ 31 ] ANNEX-7 Page 4 of Pages 31 EXPERT GROUP REPORT ON DESIGN CRITERIA FOR POUR FLUSH . .. . WATERSEAL LATRINES (Contd.) l PREAMBLE When one considers the various constraints that stand in the way of providing sewerage and sewage treatment systems in the urban and semi-urban areas in India, the only alternative is to go in for the low cost sanitation systems which can also be considered as hygienic and appropriate to the local conditions. The main constraints in implementation of the elaborate sewerage and sewage treatment systems are finance and time factor. Social motive is also involved in that of abolishing the degrading practice of the scavenging system whereby the 'humans' are refrained from carrying and transporting the excreta. In India, the programme of construction of low cost pour flush waterseal latrines is being done through a .number of organisations, with the result that there have been some variations in the design and specifications for such latrine systems. Based on the past studies and experience gained by the various institutions in India, such latrine systems could be standardised and optimum requirements could be specified taking into account the cost, the social and cultural habits, pollution aspects and technical feasibility. 2 SUMMARY OF DESIGN REQUIREMENTS A summary of design guidelines has been presented which affords a certain amount of flexibility. The optimum values have been arrived at considering the cost effectiveness without sacrificing performance. Other options have also been mentioned to provide the designer the necessary freedom and to a void rigorousness. 2.1 SUMMARY OF DESIGN REQUIREMENTS FOR POURFLUSH WATERSEAL LATRINES WITH LEACHING PITS Item Optimum Other Options Remarks 1 Latrine Chamber Size 750mm X 900 mm X 900mm 900mm or 800 mm x 1000 mm 2 Latrine Pan a. Top opening 125 mm 125 mm b. Width of back 200mm 200 mm to 225 mm portion of the pan c. Vertical drop in the 75mm 75 mm to 80mm front wall of the pan d. Rear or back 38 mm 40mm Plumb line should fall at wall of the Pan- the centre of the hole in the Inclination-horizontal trap opening off set to the rear of trap opening [ 32 ] ANNEX-7 Page 5 of Pages 31 EXPERT GROUP REPORT ON DESIGN CRITERIA FOR POUR FLUSH WATERSEAL LATRINES (Contd.) Item Optimum Other Options 2. Latrine Pan ( Contd.) e. Horizontal length 425 mm 425 nun to 460 rum f Smoothness of interior Smooth and durable Smooth and durable g. Slope of base of the pan 25° 25° to 30° to the horizontal h. Construction material Ceramic, porcelain, Ceramic, porcelain, GRP, PVC and GRP, PVC cement with mosaic polish l. Other requirements Curved on edge-no Curved on edge-no corners corners 3. Trap a. Depth of waterseal 20mm 20mm b. Dia 70mm 70 mm to 75 mm c. Placement Exactly horizontal Exactly horizontal d. Material Ceramic, porcelain, Ceramic, porcelain, GRP, PVC PVC, GRP, cement 4. Connecting Pipe or Channel to tbe Pit a. Material Pipes of stoneware, con- Pipes of stoneware, concrete, AC, crete, AC, PVC, burnt clay; PVC, burnt clay; channel in brick- channel in brick-work in work in CM having top closed with CM having top closed with concrete slabs; or brick jointed in concrete slabs; or brick CM jointed in CM b. Size of pipe 75mm 75 mm to 100 mm c. Size of channel 115 rum x 75 rum 115 rum x 75 rum d. Slope 1 in 10 1 in 5 to 1 in 10 depending on the smoothness of pipe 5. Inspection or Junction Chamber at the Bifurcation Point a. Size 250 mm x 250 rum 250 mm x 250 rum b. Cover Removable concrete Removable concrete or cast iron 6. Leaching Pit a. Shape Circular Circular, square, rectangular b. Effective capacity for sludge accumulation under : i. Dry conditions 0.05 m3/cap/year 0.045-0.05 m 3 /cap/year ii. Wet conditions 0.066 m3 /cap/year 0.055-0.066 m 8 /cap/year c. Size (for 5 users and 900 mm dia 900 mm dia 3 years sludge accumulation) [ 33 ] ANNEX-7 Page 6 of Pages 31 EXPERT GROUP REPORT ON DESIGN CRITERIA FOR POUR FLUSH VVATERSEAL LATRINES (Contd.) Item Optimum Other Remarks options 6. Leaching Pit (Contd.) d. Minimum effective depth 1000 mm 1000 mm e. Years of service 3 years 3 years to 5 years f. Minimum spacing of pits 1* x effective 2 x effective depth depth g. Safe horizontal 3m 3m In unsuturated conditions (Soil cushion distance of pit from between the pit bottom and the maxi- drinking water mum ground water level at any time sources during the year is 2 m or more) and for soils of effective size of 2 mm and less 3m 3m For coarser soils, (i) bottom of the pit is to be sealed with an impervious material like puddle clay or plastic sheet; and {ii) 500 mm thick envelope of fine sand of effective size of 0.2 mm is to be provided all round the pit. 10m lOrn In saturated conditions (Soil cushion between the pit bottom and the maxi- mum ground water level at any time during the year is less than 2 m) and for soils of effective size of 2 mm or less. For coarser soils, (i) bottom of the pit is to be sealed with an impervious material like puddle clay or plastic sheet; and (ii) 500 mm thick envelope of fine sand of effective size of 0.2 mm is to be provided all round the pit. h. Safe horizontal 3m 3m If the water table does not rise during distance of pit from any part of the year above the pit drinking water bottom and the inlet of pipe or drain mains to the leach pit is below the level of water main 8m 3m If the water table rises above the bot- tom of the pit N. B.: 1. The sand envelope should be taken atleast 2m above the maximum water level. ii. Where sand is uneconomical, envelope could be of local soil of 0.2 mm effective size. "' May be relaxed with proper precautions by providing an impervious barrier like cut-off screen or puddlewall. 34 ] ANNEX-7 Page 1 of Pages 31 EXPERT GROUP REPORT ON DESIGN CRITERIA FOR POUR FLUSH WATERSEAL LATRINES (Contd.) Item Optimum Other Options Remarks 6. Leaching Pit (Contd.) 1. Position of the inlet I m above I m above Applicable to wet pits the highest the highest only ground water ground water table table 7. Lining of the Interior Honey combed Honey combed brick of the Pit brick work in work in CM, burnt CM, burnt clay rings, concrete clay rings, rings, open jointed stones, laterite bricks, stones, bitumen bricks and coated bamboo matting others under special circums- tances, laterite bricks and others 8. Pit Cover Material Concrete dome, Concrete dome, reinforced reinforced concrete concrete slab, slab, stone slab, stone slab, other suitable other suitable materials such as materials such wooden planks of as wooden appropriate quality planks of appropriate quality 9. Emptying of the Pit 2 years after the 2 years after the Due precautions against pit is taken out pit is taken out health and environmental of service of service hazards to be taken 10. Pit Contents The pit may be The pit may be filled filled up with up with 150 mm of soil dry earth if the immediately after the digested pit pit is put out of service content is semi for better maturation solid before emptying, to improve handling [ 35 ] ANNEX-7 Page 8 of Pages 31 EXPERT GROUP REPORT ON DESIGN CRITERIA FOR POUR FLUSH VVATERSEAL LATRINES (Contd.) Hem Optimum Other options Remarks - _" ______ ·-- 11. Latrine Flooring a. Type Smooth, Smooth, imper- impervious vious and and durable durable b. Slope towards the pan all round 3% 3% 12. Foot Rest a. Size 250 mm x 250 mm x 125 mm 125 mm b. Thickness 25 mm above 25 mm above Properly angled or floor level floor level inclined to suit normal squatting position 13. Superstructure a. Type Brick work or Brick work or concrete (to concrete (to last last 25 to 25 to 30 years) 30 years) b. Door (clear opening) 600mm 600mm 14. Water Requirements 2 litres per use 2.5 litres per use For better flushing effect 4 litres/cap/day 6 to 8 Iitres/cap/ day 15. Community Latrine Seats One seat for One seat for 20 15 persons a persons a day day (separate (separate blocks blocks for for males and males and females) females) 16. Other Considerations Pan to be wetted Pan to be wetted before use before use 36 ] ANNEX-7 Page 9 of Pages 31 EXPERT GROUP REPORT ON DESIGN CRITERIA FOR POUl~ FLUSH WATERSEAL LATRINES (Contd.) 3. INDIVIDUAL POUR FLUSH WATERSEAL LATRINES -A REVIEW In India, the programme of Low Cost Pour Flush Waterseal Latrines has been done through a number of organisations with the result, that there is a Jack of uniformity in practice. A critical review of the work carried out by the various agencies in the country is presented, "hich forms the basis of the design criteria recommended in Section 2. 3.1 Latrine Size The work done by the different agencies in the country with regard to the size of latrines is presented in Table- I. TABLE-1 RECOMMENDED SIZE OF LATRINE BY DIFFERENT ORGANISATIONS Name of Institution or Organisation Recommended size of latrine cubicle in mm 1. National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur (NEERI) 1200 X 900 2. National Buildings Organisation, Govt. of India (NBO) 1100 X 1100 3. Research-cum-Action Project, Government of India (RCAP) 910 X 910 4. Gopuri Latrine (Erstwhile Bombay State, now Maharashtra) 1000 X 760 5. Khatghar type latrine (Maharashtra State) 910 X 760 6. Hagavu Type (Karnataka State) 1200 X 1200 7. Sulabh International, Patna, Bihar 650 X 650 [ 37 ] ANNEX-7 Page to of Pages 31 EXPERT GROUP REPORT ON DESIGN CRITERIA FOR POUR FLUSH WATERSEAL LATRINES ( Contd.) In order to find out the optimum size of the latrine, anthropometric studies were conducted by the Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee (India), by actual measurement of the space required for comfortable use and proper functioning in all postures and movements. Four prototype latrines of sizes 90 em x 110 em, 80 em x 100 em, 75 em x 100 em and 75 em x 90 em were constructed. Their studies revealed that the size of 75 em x 90 em is the optimum size, from cost point of view. Observations on all the four prototypes are given in Table-2: 'TABLE-2 OBSERVATIONS ON DIFFERENT SIZES OF LATRINES Size of Latrine Observations 1. 75 em x 90 em Most users expressed satisfaction. Only a few exceptionally fat and tall persons felt congested and discomfort. 2. 75 em x 100 em Was acceptable even to the tall persons; but exceptionally fat persons felt some discom- fort and congested. 3' 80 em x 100 em Was found to be comfortable by all users. 4. 90 em x 110 em Was found to be very spacious and comfor- table but some people felt it too big for their purse. 15 em x 90 em latrine size has been adopted in the demonstration units in the different States, which have been constructed in the project towns. The feed back from the people of the project area is quite satisfactory. 3.2 Pan and Trap General scarcity of water, high cost for the provision of drinking water and low absorption capacity of the soil around the leaching pits are the main factors involved in the design of the squatting pan. The most important aspect of the pan design is the slope of the pan. The flatter slope needs much [ 3~ ] ANNEX-7 Page 11 of Pages 31 EXPERT GROUP REPORT ON DESIGN CRITERIA FOR POUR FLUSH WATERSEAL LATRINES (Contd.) more water for flushing than steeper slope. Similarly, the larger the waterseal, the more is the water needed for flushing. Therefore, the waterseal should be such that it needs the minimum quantity of water for flushing human excreta preventing any smell nuisance in the latrine and traces sticking to the pan or trap. Designs of pans and traps made by different organisations (governmental and non-governmental) were studied which revealed that a good pan and trap should also have the following important functional characteristics in addition to what has been mentioned earlier : a. Urine and faecal matter should not fall outside the pan; b. Urine should not splash outside the pan; c. Water in the trap should not splash due to the direct fall of the faecal material; d. Pan should be smooth, durable and look attractive; and e. Casting of the materials should be simple so as to minimise the cost. In order to achieve the objectives mentioned above, studies were conducted by the Public Health Institute. Poonamallee. Madras under the R.C.A. Project; Its findings were as follows : 3.2 i. Front width of the pan Trials were made with 100 rom and 125 rom wide top openings; and it was observed that 125 mm wide opening was the optimum. 3.2 ii. Back width of the pan Experiments were done with 139.7, 165.1, 177.8, 200, 215.9 and 228.6 mm openings and it was observed that with openings less than 228.6 rom, the sides of the pan get fouled on frequent occasions when used by adults. But with bigger opening, the cost becomes higher. An opening of 200 rom was considered to be the optimum. 3.2 iii. Front wall of the pan Vertical drop in the pan design is very important as it diminishes the urine splash colfsiderably. However, the cost of the pan increases with the increase in the drop, A vertical drop of 75 mm was considered to be desirable. As per field observations and RCA project studies, the possi- bility of splashing of urine still exists at a drop of 50 mm, while 75 mm drop would considera~ bly reduce the splashing. Hence 50 mm drop is considered to be insufficient and the saving in the cost is only marginal. 3.2 iv. Recess in the back wall of the pan Studies on the different inclinations of back wall with offsets of 38, 80 and 150 mm to the vertical revealed 38 mm displacement of the rear wall of the P,an to be quite appropriate. [ 39 ] ANNEX-7 Page 12 of Pages 31 EXPERT GROUP REPORT ON DESIGN CRITERIA FOR. POUR FLUSH VVATERSEAL LATRINES (Contd.) 3.2 · v. Length of the pan The length of the ]Jan is governed by the position of the foot rests and should serve as a proper receptacle fo1· urine and faecal matter without splashing. Studies were conducted with 425 mm and 457 mm long pans. The 457 mm long pan was found to be only marginally more efficient than the shorter one. Cost however, is directly proportional to the length of the pan. 3.2 vi. Slope and smoothness of the base of the pan Studies were conducted with different types of materials as well as slopes and it was observed that: a. For a single material, slope variations from 24° to 30° do not effect sticking of excreta appreciably. b. Porcelain is smoother than mosaic finish and mosaic is smother than cement. c. Optimal slope is 25° in the case of porcelain pan and mosaic finish and 30° in the case of cement pan. 30° slope in cement pan is necessary to compensate for any deterioration in the smoothness of the pan with the use and passage of time. 3.2 vii. Construction materials Porcelain, cement or mosaic pans are being used extensively in India for waterseal latrines. Ceramic pans cost 2.5 to 3 times that of mosaic finish pans while mosaic pans are costlier than the cement pans with red oxide finish by 25 percent. The fibre glass and PVC pans are cheaper than ceramic pans by 33 percent and the former are in use for the last 3 years and the latter recently introduced into the market. 3.2 viii. Trap diameter and waterseal depth Studies conducted by the Public Health Institute, Poonamallee, Madras have revealed that for · each ablution and flushing, quantity of water used by men is 1.61 Iitres and by women, 2.25 litres. Thus, the average works out to about 1.96 litres per use. It can, therefore, be safely assumed that the water usage per capita per day may not be more than 4 litres. The study further revealed that the percentages of people using 1.7 Iitres of water or less were 55.7, 70.3 and 76.7 when the diameters of traps (outlet) were 80, 70 and 64 mm respectivery. Thus, for minimising the use of water either a 64 to or 70 mm trap could be used, but to minimise frequent clogging, an opening of 70 mm is preferred. As regards the waterseal, a 20 mm waterseal did not give any smell and was therefore acceptable. Geometry of squatting pans and traps being adopted by the different Governmental and non-Governmental organisations is given in Table-3 on the next p::tge. [ 40 ] ANNEX-7 Page 13 of Pages 31 EXPERT GROUP REPORT ON DESIGN CRITERIA FOR POUR FLUSH WATERSEAL LATRINES (Contd.) TABLE-3 SIZE OF PAN AND "TRAP PAN TRAP Length Width Width Verti- Depth NAME of pan of the of the cal of OF (mm) rear front drop Size water ORGANISATION portion portion of the Sl<>pe- (mm) seal (mm) (mm) front (mm) wall (mm) 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 I. Public Health 425 200 125 so 22° in 68 20 Institute, Poona- case of mallee, Tamil Nadu ceramic and 30° in case of con- crete pans 2. Planning Research 425 200 125 75 15° in 63 12.5 cum-Action Institute, the upper Lucknow, U.P. part and 32° in the lower part 3. Research-Cum-Action 425 200 125 75 25° 70 20 Project, Govt. of India 4. Indian Council of 450 187.5 103 75 13" 75" 46 Medical Research, (Singur, Calcutta) 5. Indian Standards 425 200 125 50 25° 70 20 Institution (IS I) [ 41 ] ANNEX-7 Page 14 of Pages 31 EXPERT GROUP REPORT ON DESIGN CRITERIA FOR POUR FLUSH WATERSEAL LATRINES (Contd.) PAN TRAP Length Width Width Verti· Depth NAME of pan of the of the cal of OF (mm) rear front drop Size water- ORGANISATION portion portion of the Slope (mm) seal (mm) (mm) front (mm) wall (mm) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 6. Sulabh International 450 225 100 No 320 15 10 drop pro vi- ded 7. Khodiyar Pottery 435 190 125 50 30° 15 20 Works, Gujarat 8. Neiveli Ceramics & 450 200 125 30 30° 85 20 Refractories, Vadalur, Tamil Nadu 9. National Environ- 469 200 136 No 30° 76 19 mental Engineering drop Research Institute, pro- Nagpur ded 10. Parryware, Madras 440 235 120 Not 15° 70 20 indi- cated Keeping cost-effectiveness in view, the recommendations of the I.S.I. appear to be the most appro- priate. 3.3 Connection to the Leaching Pits i. Connecting pipe of Channel The designs adopted by the different organisations are as follows : a. Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee : 115 mm x 75 mm size brick channel or 75 mm dia SW or concrete pipe has been proposed. [ 42 ] ANNEX-7 Page 15 of Pages 31 EXPERT GROUP REPORT ON DESIGN CRITERIA FOR POUR FLUSH WATERSEAL LATRINES (Contd.) h. Planning Research cum Action Institute, Lucknow, tJ.P has suggested 80 mm dia curved plain concrete pipes. c. National Environmental Engineering Institute, Nagpur has suggested 80 mm dia S.W. or earthenware pipes. d. Research-cum-Action Project, Government of India has suggested 80 mm dia clay or cement pipes. Where pipes are used for connecting the trap to the leaching pits, a chamber will have to be constructed at the junction point for inspection and providing a stopper to that pipe of the Y-branch which is not in use. The cost analysis of different designs and alternatives indicates that provision or brick or stone masonry channel with circular bottom is the most economical. In addition, the materials used are easily available locally; and in case of choking of trap or drain, its cleaning can be done, by removing drain cover. However, provision of an inspection chamber and use of simple cleaning tools may obviate the need for removing the drain cover. In cases where there is no space for the construction of individual leaching pits, latrines of 3 or 4 households could be joined to one leaching pit through an inspection chamber constructed at a suitabie place. In such cases, perhaps the use of non-pressure P.V.C. pipes withY at the differnt connection points would be the most economical proposition, as the problem of clogging of pipes in the case of P. V.C. would be minimal, due to its relative smoothness. 3.3 ii. Inspection chamber RCAP Studies have brought out the advantage and utility of a small inspection chamber of size 250 x 250 mm located at the bifurcation point. This would facilitate the easy cleaning of the pipes and channels without resorting to the opening of the pipes or channels. The additional cost for providing this would be marginal. 3.3 iii. Foot rests Foot rests are required to guide the user to the right position and to provide comfort in the squatting position. The optimum length of each foot rest shall be 250 mm and width 125 mm The foot rests should be about 25 to 50 mm above the floor level. The alignment of the foot rests should be such that the centre line of both the foot rests placed on the opposite sides of the pan intersect at an angle of 40° and the apex of the angle lies along the longitudinal central axis of the pan in plan. The back portion of the foot rest is raised slightly (13 mm) to give a slope which makes for a more comfortable squatting position. 3.3 iv. Flooring An impervious flooring would prevent moist condition favourable for insect breeding. A slope of 3 percent all round towards the pan is desirable. 3.3 v. Superstructure A superstructure in brick or concrete which can hHit for 2fi,to 30 years is desirable. [ 43 ] ANNEX-7 Page 16 of Pages 31 EXPERT GROUP REPORT ON DESIGN CRITERIA FOR POUR FLUSH WATERSEAL LATRINES (Contd.) 3.4 Design of the pits 3.4 i. Sludge accumulation in the pits The factors affecting the sludge or liquid build up in a leaching pit are: soil composition, permeability, water table condition and quantity of water reaching the pit. Depending on the level of the ground water table and its fluctuations; the pit may function, either wholly as a dry pit or wholly as a wet pit or partially wet and partially dry. In dry pits, where the soils permit percolation of all the water reaching the pit, the life of the pit is governed by the sludge build up taking place in the pit. On the other hand, in wet pits where the ground water table is always above the bottom of the pit and in soils with low permeability like clay, there will be a progressive build up of liquid in the pit, due to the reduction of effective area and the lesser driving head for percolation and ultimately the liquid build up will reach the level of the inlet to the pit. Hence in such hydro-geological conditions, the life of the pit is governed by the total liquid and solid accumulation in the pit. It becomes necessary therefore to determine the capacity of the pit based on the soil characteristics as well as the ground water table fluctua- tions in a particular area. Several Research Institutes in India have studied the rate of filling of latrine pits with solid and liquid matter under the different soil and water table conditions and the average per capita filling rates worked out by these institutions are presented in Table-4. TABLE-4 RATE OF FILLING OF LEACHING PITS Name of Soil Characteristics Average filling rate Institution %clay, Permeabiiity Wet or dry (sludge or liquid & or Organisation sand & silt rating pit condition sludge)/C/Yr (m3) 1. PHI Poonamallee, Madras dry 0.045 2. ICMR 0.037 3. NEERI dry 0.05 4. AliA & PH 17% clay 5.426 X wet 0.066 67% silt, 10-3 (includes 16% sand em/sec. liquid) 5. Planning Research cum- 0.045 Action Institute, Lucknow The recent studies conducted by Prof. S. Subba Rao of AIIHDPH, Calcutta have brought out some very interesting results which are worth noting, This study was conducted in clayey soil (17% clay, 67% silt and 16% sand) with a low permiability rating of 5.426 x I0-3 em/sec and a high water table condition. The studies conducted on 11 pits over a period of 5-7 years showed that, in such soils of low permeability and high water table conditions, the p;t remains as wet pit throughout the year. There is a progressive build up of liquid depth in the pit, whic~h remains at a higher level than the water table level. The diiTerence in the liquid level and [ 44 ] ANNEX-7 Page 17 of Pages 31 EXPERT GROUP REPORT ON DESIGN CRITERIA FOR POUR FLUSH WATERSEAL LATRINES (Contd.) the level of ground water table increases over a period of years and reaches a maximum and thereafter decreases reaching a final steady state. Hence it is this build up of liquid level in the pit that is also the guiding criterion for determining the life of the pit in addition to the accumulation of the sludge in the pit. It was also observed that the rate of filling of the pit varies inversely as the duration of life of the pit itself and follows a hyperbolic relationship. Required effective capacities (both liquid and solids together) for the pit for different periods of life for users upto 10 members is presented in Table-5. In order th'll the pit may not be ponded by overflow of liquid from the pit and the also to prevent back flow. there should be a minimum of 1 m level difference between the invert of the trap outlet and the invert of the inlet to the pit. TABLE-5 RECOMMENDED PIT CAPACITIES (EFFECTIVE VOLUME) FOR DIFFERENT NUMBER OF USERS Period Per capita of per day service filling rate EFFECTIVE VOLUME REQUIRED FOR NUMBER OF USERS IN cu. ft/ca/ CUB. FEET*/CUB. METRES** dX 10-3* or cu. m/ca/d 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 xl0- 5** I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1 Yr. *16.50 12.050 18.010 24.100 30.130 36.160 42.190 48.200 54.240 60.270 **46.73 0.340 0.510 0.680 0.850 1.020 1.900 1.360 1.530 1.700 2 Yrs. * 9.21 13.440 20.160 25.880 33.600 40.320 47.040 53.760 60.480 67.200 **26.08 0.380 0.570 0.760 0.950 1.140 1330 1.520 }.710 1.900 3 Yrs. * 6.41 14040 21.060 28.080 35.100 42.120 49.140 56.160 63.180 70.200 **18.16 0.400 0.600 0.800 1.000 1.200 1.400 1.600 1.800 2.ooo 4 Yrs. * 4.90 14.320 21.480 28.640 35.800 42.960 50.120 57.280 64.440 71.600 $*13.88 0.406 9.609 0.812 0.015 1. 218 1.421 1.624 1.827 2 030 5 Yrs. * 4.00 14.600 21.900 29.200 36.500 43.800 51.100 58.400 65.700 73.000 ** 11.33 0.413 0.621 0.826 1.035 1.242 1.449 1.652 1.863 2.070 6 Yrs. * 3.32 14.640 21.960 29.280 36.630 43.920 ·, 51.240 58.560 65.880 73.200 **9.40 0.415 0.622 0.830 1.035 1.244 ' 1.549 1.560 1.867 2.070 7. Yrs. * 2.88 14.700 22.050 29.400 36.750 44.100 51.450 58.800 66.150 73.300 **8.16 0.416 0.624 0.832 1.040 1.248 1.456 1.664 1.872 2.080 8 Yrs. * 2.52 14.720 22.080 29.440 36.800 44.160 51.520 58.810 66.240 73.600 **7.14 0.417 0.625 0.834 1.042 1.250 ·. 1.457 1.661 1.874 2.090 9 Yrs. "'2.25 14.780 22.170 29.560 36.950 44.340 51.730 59.120 66.510 73.900 **6.37 0.418 0.627 0.836 1.045 1.254 1.463 1.672 1.881 2.100 10 Yrs. 2.03 14.800 22.200 29.600 37.000 44.400 51.800 59.200 66.600 74.000 or more **5.75 0.419 0.629 0.838 1.045 1.257 1.454 1.676 1.887 2.100 Source: The unpublished Report of Prof. S. Subha Rao,Prof. and Head of the Department of Sanitary Engg., AIIHPI-1, on the retleareh study on ''R:.tte of Filling & Leaching Characteristics of Ltlaching Pit~ of Pourftu§h Latrines". [ 45 ANNEX-7 Page 18 of Pages 31 EXPERT GROUP REPORT ON DESIGN CRITERIA FOR POUR FLUSH W ATERSEAL LATRINES (Contd.) • The study carried out by the CBRI in sandy soils with 80% sand and 20% silt· gave a per 'capita sludge contribution of 0.059 m3 /year. Yet another study was conducted by the Technology Advisory Group (TAG-India) in Ghazia- bad, a town very near Delhi. Soil analysis of the area where pour flush latrines were installed in March 1975 to July 1975, revealed that 93 to 95 percent of the soil contains silt and 7 to 5 percent sand. The effective particle size veries from .005 to .007 mm. Maximum water table was 2.5 m below GL. Observations on leaching pits taken in May 1980 are given in Table-6 below. TABLE-6 SLUDGE ACCUMULATION IN LEACH PITS No. of Per capita System for Date of Date of Dimensions of Depth Sludge users use of flushing the commen- Observa- leaching pits of contri- water per toilets cing of the tion Inter- Depth sludge bution day in pit nal (mm) in pit per litres Dia (mm) capita (mm) (m 3 per year) 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1. 7 13.5 Flushing cistern Apr. 2, May 31, 920 2300 2000 0.0368 1975 1980 2. 8 14.5 Flushing cistern Mar. 1, May 31, 1960 2800 550 0.0395 1975 1980 s. 12 13.5 Flushing cistern Apr. 2, May 31, 1170 2800 2400 0.0416 1975 1980 4. 12 4 Tap in the toilet; Mar. 1, May 31, 1370 2800 2200 0.0515 flushing is done 1975 1980 with 2 litres pot 5. 8 4 -do- Mar. 1975 May 31, 1370 2800 1400 0.0492 1980 6. 12 4 -do- Mar. 1975 May 31, 1370 2800 2300 0.0538 1980 7. 8 8 Community latrine Aug. 1, May 31, 1170 2800 1800 0.0501 with no tap in 1975 1980 toilets [ 46 ANNEX-7 Page 19 of Pages 31 EXPERT GROUP REPORT ON DESIGN CRITERIA FOR POUH FLUSH WATERSEAL LATRINES (Contd.) From the preceding research findings, the following conclusions can be drawn : It is necessary to determine both the soil characteristics (i.e. particle size, permeability rating) and the water table condition in a particular area to design the pit capacity and the relative elevations of pit and the latrine seat. 11. In dry pit condition and in permeable soils, the rate of accumulation of the sludge is the criterion for working out the pit volume. In 10\v permeability soils with high water table condition, it is the total liquid and sludge accumulation that is the criterion for working out the pit volume. iii. The rate of accumulation of sludge varies inversely as the period of service of the pit. 3.4 ii Effective pit volume The effective pit volume requirements for the wet and dry pits have been presented in Tables 7 and 8, respectively. TABLE-7 RECOMMENDED WET PIT CAPACITIES (EFFECTIVE VOLUME) Number of Effective Volume (m 3 ) users 3 years 4 years 5 years 5 1.00 1.02 1.04 8 1.60 1.62 1.65 10 2.00 2.03 2.07 12 2.40 2.44 2.48 15 3.00 3.06 3..11 20 4.00 4.05 4.15 TABLE-S RECOMMENDED DRY PIT CAPACITIES (EFFECTIVE VOLUME) Number of Effective Volume (m3) users 3 years 4 years 5 years 5 0.68 0.91 1.14 8 1.09 1.46 1.82 10 1.36 1.82 2.21 12 1.64 2.18 2.73 15 2.04 2.73' 3.41 20 2.12 3.64' 4.55 [ 47 ] ANNEX-7 Page 20 of Pages 31 EXPERT GROUP REPORT ON DESIGN CRITERIA FOR POUR FLUSH WATERSEAL LATRINES (Contd.) 3.4 Iii Optimisation of the design of leaching pits The optimum size of the leaching pits depends on many factors. Some of the important para- meters which have been considered in the finalisation of the size of the pit are as follows : a. Structural safety of the pit and cover; b. Load carrying capacity of the labour while handling the pit cover; c. Working space required by the labour during the construction; d. Working space required for cleaning; e. Hydraulic loading and leaching capacity of the pit; and f. Capacity for the sludge accumulation and the liquid build up. Structural safety of the pit and cover The basis for the design of lining and the pit cover has been discussed in 3.5 and 3.8 respectively. Load carrying capacity of the labour and ease and handling of the pit cover The thickness of the pit covers proposed to be constructed inside the premises would vary from 5 em to 7.5 em for the different users. The cover should be such that it could be transported easily from the site of casting to the place of installation. Working space required during the construction The anthropometric study conducted by the CBRI to study the space required by the masons during the construction of leaching pit has revealed that a minimum space of 100 em x 100 em or 100 em dia is needed for doing the job. Cleaning operation and its requirement The human excreta would be removed from the leaching pit after a period of 2 years after the pit is out of service during which period, it will get decomposed and will need spading to remove it. The anthropometric studies done by the CBRI have revealed that a minimum diameter of 100 em would be needed for such an operation. Ratio between the depth and the diameter The ratio between the depth and the dia of the pit is a very important factor in the opti- misation of the pit dimensions. The greater the depth, more is the cost of excavation and lining and cleaning, while bigger the dia, more is the cost of cover. The most economical effective depth to dia ratio based on the 1980 prices worked out by the TAG for the different types of pits are given below : Circular pit within the premises H = 1.20 to 1.4 D + 0.3 m. Circular pit outside the premises H = D to 1.2 D + 1.00 m. The above figures are for the average conditions and are likely to vary from region to region. Keeping all the parameters as discussed above, the economic dimensions for th~ different pit capacities are presented in Table-9. [ 48 ) ANNEX-7 Page 21 of Pages 31 EXPERT GROUP REPORT ON DESIGN CRITERIA FOR POUR FLUSH WATERSEAL LATRINES (Contd.) TABLE-9 ECONOMIC DIMENSIONS OF PIT FOR DIFFERENT CAPACITTBS Capacity of pit (m 3 ) Type of pit 0.68 1.36 2.04 --~~- ~--- Dia. Depth Dia. Depth Dia Depth m m m m m m Circular pit inside the premises 0.90 1.38 1.10 - 1.73 1.22 2.05 Circular pit outside the 0.96 1.96 1.17 2.27 1.30 2.56 premises This can serve as a guideline in working out economic dimensions in the specific areas. 3.4 iv. Distance of the leachinK pit from the existing structures Houses belonging to persons in the low income and the middle income groups generally are single and double storeyed. In many cases, the space available for constructing the leaching pits may be small and placement of the leaching pits near the existing structures may be un- avoidable. The digging of the pit and the subsequent seepage of water may disturb the soil around the leaching pit. The stability of the vertical cut in the soil, however, depend upon the properties of the soil around the pit. The Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee has worked out the safe distances of the leaching pits from the existing buildings in the different types of soil, which are summarised below : a. Clayey sand The soils having clay and silt content less than 50% arc predominantly sandy. In such cases, the minimum distance of the leaching pits having 1.5 meters depth below the lowest level of foundation should be 0.85 m. b. Sandy clays The soils having clay and silt content more than 50% are predominatly clayey. In such cases, the minimum distance of the leaching pits having 1.5 m depth below the lowest level of foundation should be 1.25 m. c. Clean sand Vertical cut is not possible in the case of clean sand. Such situations are not generally met with. However, in special circumstances, if faced during the construction, expert opinion ~hould be taken. [ 49 ] ANNEX-7 Page 22 of Pages 31 EXPERT GROUP REPORT ON DESIGN CRITERIA FOR POUR FLUSH WATERSEAL LATRINES (Contd.) d. §oft clays Soft Clays may be faced only in exceptional circumstances. However, if such soil is met with, then the maximum depth of the pit should not be more than 0.7 meters. The lowest level of building foundation is generally a metre below the ground level. The safe distances between the leaching pits and the existing two storeyed buildings in the different types of soil have been given in Table-10. TABLE-10 SAFE DISTANCES OF LEACHING PITS FROM EXISTING TWO STOREYED BUILDINGS Within premises Outside premises Type of soil Total depth Distance of the pit Total depth Distance from of pit (m) from the existing of pit (m) the existing structure (m) structure (m) 1. Clayey sand 1.30 0.22 1.96 0.54 (Sand >so%) 1.73 0.43 2.27 0.72 2.05 0.60 2.56 0.88 2. Sandy Clay 1.30 0.32 1.96 0.80 (Sand <sO%) 1.73 0.60 2.27 1.06 2.05 0.88 2.56 1.30 In order to avoid any interference of one leaching pit with the other during its operation, the distance between the two leaching pits should not be less than 1d where d is the offeetive depth of the pit. ln case of pits for 5 users, the distance between the two pits should not be Jess than 1 m. In the lower and middle income group households, 1m space may not normally be available. In such cases, the distance could be reduced, with proper precautions by providing an impervious barrier like cut-off screen or puddle wall. 3.4 v. Leaching capacity of the pits Of the three factors of consequence (physical, chemical and biological) in the clogging of the pores of the leaching pits, the most important factor is the biological one. Biological clogging is essentially confined to the surface involving the development of an organic mat. In soils with effective size upto 1 mm in dia, this organic mat seldom exceeds 0.5 to 1 em in depth.* *Source : Final Report on Study of Methods of Preventing Failure of Septic Tank Percolation System, Serl Repor.t No: 65-17, University of Califonia, Berkeley, U.S.A. 50 ] ANNEX-7 Page 23 of Pages 31 EXPERT GROUP REPORT ON DESIGN CRITERIA FOR POUR FLUSH WATERSEAL LATRINES (Contd.) The Other factor which affects the clogging of the pores is the deposition of ferrous sulphide. It is produced during the anaerobic decomposition of the organic matter. Ferrous sulphide may penetrate 3 to 10 em below the surface. In coarser media, it may penetrate to much greater depths. Deep penetration of ferrous sulphide in the soil is indicative that the soil has a good capacity to transmit water. It has further been reported in the study mentioned above that under adverse conditions, the permeability of the clogged mat might be of the order of 0.03 to 0.04rn/day. Taking the average value, the corresponding infiltrative capacity of the leaching pits would be approxi· metely 42 litres per square metre per day. Since the effective surface area of 6 user leaching pit is 3.31 square metres, the pit can leach out approximately 139 litres of water per day whereas the daily input of water in the leaching capacity of the leaching pits would not be more than 40 litres per day. Thus it is expected to leach out the required quantity of water not only during the first use but during the subsequent uses also. 3.5 Pit Geometry and Lining Public Health Institute, Poonamallee, Madras This institution, until TAG's persuation, had been constructing only single pits, having mnu- mum pit size of0.76 m x 0.76 m or 0.8 m dia. at the top and 1.8 m deep with 11.5 em thick brick lining. The horizontal joints are jointed with mud and vertical joints left open. The pit is supported on 25 em solid impervious base. ii National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur Their design provides for single pit system, having circular cross section with 0.9 m dia and 2.5 m depth. The capacity provided in the pit is enough for seven years. Lining of the pit has been done with 3 em thick, 90 em dia clay pipe, having a length of 25 em. The burnt clay pipe is provided with 5 em dia holes spaced at 22 em centre to centre. In another design, the top 30 em of the lining is in the usual brick work in cement mortar and the remaining 2.2 meters in honey comb brick work only. iii Planning Research-cum-Action Institute, Lucknow, U.P. Their design suggests provision of two circular pits 0.83 m dia and 1.8 m depth. Only one pit is constructed in the beginning and the second one is constructed when the first gets filled up. They have further suggested that if firm soil is available, the diameter could be increased to 1 m and depth to 3.6 m. No lining has been recommended in the case of stable soil, but in the case of loose and sandy soil, honey-comb brick lining in mud mortar has been suggested. In order to provide stability to the pit, 3 belts each of 3 cou:ses set in cement mortar, one in the middle, one at the hottom and the third at the top over which the cover rests have been gugger:>ted. [ 51 ] ANNEX-7 Page 24 of Pages 31 EXPERT GROUP REPORT ON DESIGN CRITERIA FOR POUR :FLUSH WATERSEAL LATRINES (Contd.) iv., Indian Council of Medical Re§earcb The results of their studies showed that from the point of view of case of construction, capa- city, life of pit and acceptability by the people, concrete and soil cement rings provide the best lining for dug well latrines to be installed in the water logged and high sub-soil regions. Other lining materials such as bamboo, tar drums and treated or un-treated wooden planks are not suitable for the purpose Gravel, cinder, soil and cement are suitable for making rings and appropriate reinforcement is necessary. v. Sulabh International, Patna (Bihar) They have provided double leaching pits with a common partition wall, having 0.91 m X 0.91 m size and 1.1 m depth. The capacity of each pit is such that it would last for 4 years. vi. Safai Vidyalaya, Ahmedabad ( Gujarat) Their design suggests a circular pit of 0.9 m dia and 3 m depth, lined in honeycomb brick work. The capacity of one pit is such that, it would last for almost st years. The lining further provides alternative layer in solid brick work, supported on 230 mm X 230 mm solid foundation. vii. Housing & Urban Development Corporation, Govt. of India In their housing programme for rural areas, they have suggested a provision of earthen pot, oval in shape and open at the top and the bottom. viii. Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee CBRI in their final report on the study of Low cost waterseal latrines for urban communities, prepared for the TAG-India, have suggested the following designs : a. Cement concrete rings (75 em dia and 45 em height) 4 em thick with 2 bars of 6 mm dia and circular holes for leaching of water. Such rings require central casting and skilled supervision. Rings of greater dia, than the above would be quite heavy and difficult to transport. In addition to the above, scarcity of cement perhaps prohibits the use of con· crete rings. b. In some parts of India like West Bengal, Assam, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh, earthen rings are being made by the local craftsmen and they are extensively used in lining of water wells. Such earthen rings could profitably be utilised. An attempt ~hould be made for manufacturing such rings for linin~ of the pits. [ 52 ] ANNEX-7 Page 25 of Pages 31 EXPERT GROUP REPORT ON DESIGN CRITERIA FOR POUR FLUSH WATERSEAL LATRINES (Contd.) c. ln clay and biack cotton soils, where the shape could be retained due to the high cohesion of the soil, a bamboo matting could be used. However, perhaps such lining would not last longer than one use and therefore cannot be considered as a suitable lining material. d. Empty bitumen drums, although cheaper in cost, again would not last for a long period and would need replacement quite frequently. Indian Council of Medical Research, have already studied in great detail, the advantages and disadvantages of the pit lining with bamboo matting and bitumen drum and are not favouring their use. e. Pre.,.fabricated Ferro,.Cement Rings Pre-fabricated ferro-cement rings with and without the edge beam, were tested in the CBRl Laboratory and it was observed that the pre-fabricated rings without the edge beam can- not sustain handling stresses, while the ones with the beam cannot be successfully pre-fab- ricated unless they are centrally cast. However, it requires extensive use of cement, which is not in abundance. Keeping the above points in view, it can be used in special cases only. ix. Merits and demerits The leaching of the sullage from the pits depends on the soil characteristics around the pit and the effective surface area of the leaching pits. For a particular type of soil, thus, the effective surface area of the leaching pit is the governing factor. Of the two basic shapes, circular and square, for the same cross-sectional area, the perimeter of the square section is 12 8% larger than that of the circular section. For structural stability of the pit. a cylindrical shape is preferred. Pit designs of Poonamallee Institute, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (Nagpur), Indian Council of Medical Research and Safai Vidalaya (Gujarat) provide only single pits. Once the pit gets filled up it is difficult to get scavenger service for cleaning, as people would not like to clean it themselves because is contains undiges- ted and even human excreta. Moreover, the sludge also contains harmful pathogens, thus posing a serious health hazard. Poonamallee and PRAI, designs further provide brick lining in mud mortar. Mud is likely to get washed away when it comes in contact with water and would result in some cases collapse of the pit, as it would not offer full resis- tance to lateral pressure posing a threat to the adjoining buildings. In all except one design (Sulabh International) the depth of the pit is more than one metre, whichwould pose pro- blems in cleaning in addition to being a threat to the adjoining buildings. Sulabh Inter- national design suffers from the defect that there might be greater interference of one leaching pit with the other. In the HUDCO design, the inherent defect is that its re-use is not possible, because cleaning might be difficult. Not Only this, the leaching will take plac~ only from the bottom and not rrom the sidfs, a!'l there are no holes. [ 53 ]._ ANNEX-7 Page 26 of Pages 31 EXPERT GROUP REPORT ON DESIGN CRITERIA FOR POUR FLUSH WATERSEAL LATRINES (Contd.) x. Effect of the digesting night soil on bricks and cement The effect of the digesting night soil on the bricks used in the pit lining was assessed by CBRI by testing the bricks for compressive strength. The average compressive strength of the bricks tested are given in Table-11. TABLE-11 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF BRICKS FROM DIFFERENT LAYERS OF LEACHING PITS Layer with reference to depth Compressive stn~ngth of bricks at different (from top) layers of leaching pits kg/em First 318.6 Second 285.6 Third 249.3 Fourth 221.6 Fifth 204.9 Sixth 185.0 Seventh 219.8 Eight 203.5 Further it is well known that the brick sewers have not been significantly affected due to long time contact with sewage. They have withstood the corrosion effects. lt is reasonably ex- pected that quality bricks used for the lining of the leaching pits could last at least for 25 years, 3.6 Lining Thickness Central Building Research Institute, in their final report on the structural aspect of pour flush latrines prepared for TAG-India, have worked out thicknesses of the lining required to resist the external earth pressure and internal pressure due to the cont,ents when the pit is full, as given below: i. Circular pits : 1.07 m dia and 1575 mm depth-1.39 em thickness of lining. ii. Square pits : 1m X lm and 1.1 m depth with 10.5 em lining thickness in the middle and 23 em at the corners. From practical consideration, for circular pits, a thickness of 7.5 em for th'e lining has been suggested. However, in the Master Plan including Preliminary Engg. and Feasibility Study for providing Low Cost Pourflush Latrines, the following lining thicknesses have been adopted : 1. Circular pits inside the premises-7.5 em. ii. Circular pit§ outside the premi~e~-1 L5 em (aA they vvill have to re"li~;t the load5 due to traffic also) 54 ] ANNEX-7 Page 27 of Pages 31 EXPERT GROUP REPORT ON DESIGN CRITERIA FOR POUR FLUSH WATERSEAL LATRINES (Contd.) 3. 7 Utilization of Pit Contents 3.7 i. Removal of pit contents After the pit is filled up to a desired level, the latrine is connected to the alteranative pit. The pit cover is removed and filled with top soil to a depth of 150 rom and the cover replaced. Otherwise where the earth is not available or difficulty of removal of pit cover is faced, the earth could be added later at the time of emptying the pit contents for ease of handling. The filled up pit is then allowed for digestion for a period of two years. At the end of the period, the entire pit contents are removed by a shovel or an augur manually. The sludge is spread out in a bed for sun drying the non-rainy season arid utilised as manure. Alternatively the pit contents can be directly applied on fields. 3. 7 ii. Health Aspects Work carried out in the different parts of the world has shown that anaerobic digestion of night soil at ambient temperatures in night soil storage pits will result in substantial reduction of all pathogens within a period of 30 days, although a few helmenthic eggs may survive. Therefore, after 2 years of storage in the pit it will not be hazardous to use it as a manure. 3.7 iii. Manurial Value The limited analysis of pit contents, carried out at AIIH&PH, Calcutta and Patna has shown that it contains l to 3 percent nitrogen and about 0.8 to l percent phosphorous and 0.8 to l percent of potash on dry weight basis in addition to a good amount of humus. The NPK contents contribute to the fertilising value, while the humus provides the much needed food for soil microbes, improves the water holding capacity of the soil and serves as a good soil conditioner. Dried pit contents will have a market value of about Rs. 40 to Rs. 60 per tonne. 3.8 Pit Cover Where the space permits, the leaching pit should be constructed within the prt:mises of the house~ holds as it would be economical and facilitates its cleaning. However, there would be many households, where, due to space constraint, perhaps their construction within the premises may not be possible. In such cases they may be constructed in public places like streets, lanes and roads. Where the pits are located inside the premises, ihe pit covers should be designed for a live load of 200 kg/m 2 • However, for the pits located in the streets, lanes ~r roads, possibility of heavy traffic cannot be ruled out. For such cases Jnd ian Road Congress, 'spcc:ifies a wheel load of 6820 kg for chUlB B loading on a tyre contact area of 37.5 em x 20 em. [ 55 ] ANNEX-7 Page 28 of Pages 3 l EXPERT GROUP REPORT ON DESIGN CRITERIA FOR POUR FLUSH WATERSEAL LATRINES (Contd.) CBRI have further suggested that the pits located in the streets, lanes and roads should be placed 45 em below the ground surface. This, however, has the drawback that when the pit is filled up with sludge up to 60 em below the ground level, it is likely to cause contamination of the piped water supplies, as water mains are generally laid at a depth of 90 em below the ground level. To overcome this, the inlet of the connecting pipe to the leaching pits should be at least 1 m below the ground level and with 15 em free board, the liquid level in the pit would thus, never rise above the water supply mains. When the connecting soil pipe is laid higher than the existing water pipe, the connecting soil pipe should be properly encased to prevent infiltration and exfiltration. Proper lateral and vertical separation of water pipes and connecting soil pipes should be maintained. 4. COMMUNITY LA TRINES House to house survey data collected by TAG-India indicates that a small number of households particularly in the bigger towns, may not have enough space for construction of latrines. Therefore, such population has been provided with community latrine facilities. In addition to the above, provision of community latrines has also been made at public places like markets, schools, bus stands, railway stations, hospitals and for commuters. In order to provide adequate facilities to the commuters, it has been assumed that their number would be approximately 2 percent of the total population. In addition to the above, community latrines have also been provided for the future population who may not be able to have latrines in their houses due to space constraints. The evalution report on the study of community latrines of Bihar indicates that each seat is serving 40 to 50 persons per day which is considered inadequate. National Buildings Organisation, Ministry of Works and Housing, Government of India recommended the following scale of latrine seats: i. Office buildings 1 for every 25 persons of part thereof for males 1 for every 15 persons or part thereof for females ii. Factories For males 1 for 1-15 persons For females 1 for 1-12 persons It is suggested that one seat be provided to serve 15 persons a day, keeping the recommendations of N.B.O. and the cost in view, with separate blocks for males and females. 5. POLLUTION ASPECTS One of the important aspects of on-site excreta disposal as envisaged in the low cost sanitation programme is the possible pollution of the ground water and piped water supplies located close to the disposal pits. The fundamental requirement for the prevention of pollution of both the surface 56 ANNEX-7 Page 29 of Pages 31 EXPERT GROUP REPORT ON DESIGN CRITERIA FOR POUR FLUSH WATERSEAL LATRINES (Contd.) and the ground water will call for a proper design and construction of the latrines in such a way that under no circumstanees, there will be any water logging around the latrine or ponding of the pit will happen due to the over flow of the pit contents. A critical review of the literature on this aspect of the problem has been prepared recently by the IRCWD, which was also discussed at the meeting of the International Working Group on Water Pollution at New Delhi This provides valuable guidelines for the implementation of the on site sanitation programme with minimum risk of pollution of ground water supplies and distribution system. Ground water pollution by on-site excreta disposal system depends on the nature of occurence of the ground water. Ground water occurs in aquifers which are classified as either confined or unconfined. When water is drawn from the confined acquifiers which are relatively deep, on-site excreta disposal poses no pollution hazard provided the well construction is carried out properly to preclude direct flow from unconfined zones and sanitarily protected to prevent the surface contamination. Under these conditions, the main concern is the water distribution system which can well be taken care of by ensuring certain minimum distance between the pit and the distribution pipes; and protecting the vulnerable sections from external contamination. The unconfined and marginally confined aquifers are the main concern from the point of view of pollution hazard. Here, two situations are met with, viz. i) where the pit is located entirely in the unsaturated zone and ii) where the pit is located partly in the unsaturated zone and partly in the saturated zone. The studies carried out in USA, India and elsewhere have shown that in soils of effective size less than 0.2 mm (with predominance of silt mixed with clay and fine sand) where pits are located in the unsaturated zone the risk of bacterial pollution is minimal provided the bottom of the pit is at least 2 meters above the maximum ground water level and the hydraulic loading in pits does not exceed 50 mm/day Where the pit extends to the saturated zone, the pollution travel depends mainly on the velocity of ground water. in alluvial soil. the distance of pollution travel is equivalent to about 10 days travel of ground water. The velocity can be found out for different soil conditions. It was observed that with the continued usage of the pit, clogging . of the soil around the pit takes place resulting in the regression of pollution plume which ultimately stabilised at about 1 metre distance. 5.1 Safe Distance from Drinking Water Sources i. In dry pits or unsaturated soil conditions (i e.) where the distance between the bottom of the pit ahd the maximum ground water level throughout the year is 2m and more : a. The pits can be located at a minimum distance of 3 m from the drinking water sources such as tubcwells and dugwells if the effective size (E.S.) of the soil is 0.2 mm or less; and 57 ] ANNEX-7 Page 30 of Pages 31 EXPERT GROUP REPORT ON DESIGN CRITERIA FOR POUR FLUSH VVATERSEAL LATRINES (Contd.) b. For coarser soils (with E. S. greater than 0.2 mm), the same safe distance can be main· tained if the bottom of the pit is sealed off by an impervious material such as puddle clay or plastic sheet and a 500 mm thick envelope of fine sand of effective size ·of 0.2 mm is provided all round the pit. u. In wet pits or saturated soil conditions (i.e.) where the distance between the bottom of the pit and the maximum ground water level during any part of the year is less than 2m: a. The pits can be located at a minimum distance of 10m from the drinking water sources such as tubewells if the E.S. of the soil is 0.2 mm or less; and b. For coarset soils (with E.S. more than 0.2mm), a minimum distance of 10m can be main- tained if the pit bottom is sealed off by an impervious material such as puddle clay or plastic sheet and a 500 mm thick envelope of fine sand of effective size of 0.2 mm is provided all round the pit. In both the cases of dry and wet pits, the following should be observed : a. The sand envelope is to be taken upto at least 2 m above the maximum ground water level and edges chamfered to see that no water stagnates on the top of the sand filling b. Where fine sand is not available or uneconomical, envelope could be of local soil of 0.2 mm effective size (or material passing throsgh a sieve of 0.597 mm or 30 meshes to an inch). c. Where the bottom of the pit is submerged below the maximum ground water level : i. The top of the pits should be raised above the ground level, if necessary, so that the inlet pipe into the pit is at least 1 m above the maximum ground water level; 11. The sand envelope is taken upto 0.3m above the top of the inlet pipe and confined suitably to exclude any surface drainage including rain water directly entering the sand envelope; m. In mound type latrines, lm high earthfilling should be provided for at least 0.25m beyond the sand envelope with the edges chamfered to lead away the rain or surface water; and iv. The honeycomb brick work for the pit lining should be substituted by brick work in cement morter 1:6 with open vertical joints (i.e. without mortar). 5.2 Safe Distance from Water Supply Mains Lateral distance between the leach pit and the water main should be at least 3 m provided the water table does not rise during any part of the year above the pit bottom and the inlet of the pipe or the drain to 1be leach pit below the level of the water main. If the water tuble rises above the 58 ] ANNEX-7 Page 31 of Pages 31 EXPERT GROUP REPORT ON DESIGN CRITERIA FOR POUR FLUSH WATERSEAL LATRINES (Contd.) bottom of the pit, the safe lateral distance should be kept as Sm. If this connot be achieved, the pipe should be completely encased to a length of at least 3m on either side of the pit. When the pits are located either under the foot path or under the road, or the water supply main is within a distance of 3 m from the pits, the invert of the inlet pipe should be kept at least 1 m below the ground level. This would ensure that the liquid level in the pits does not reach the level of the water main as the water mains are generally laid at 0.9 m depth. The water pipe should not cut across the pit but where it is unavoidable, the water pipe should be completely encased for a length of 3m on either side of the pit including the portion across the pit to prevent infiltration or exfiltration. 5.3 Viral Pollution Very little field work has been carried out on the travel of viral pollution of ground water with reference to on-site excreta disposal. But, some laboratory studies on this aspect have indicated that the viral pollution is reduced if adequate interposing soil layer exists and the hydraulic loading is also limited to 50 mm/day. 5.4 Nitrate Pollution Among the chemical pollutants arising from the leaching pits, 'nitrate' is significant. The transporl of nitrate through the soil, ultimately reaching the ground water and rising to levels to pose a health risk is dependent on several factors like the back ground level of nitrates, extent of aerobic activity, dilution etc Periodical monitoring of the ground water thus becomes important. 6. PREINVESTIGATION AND MONITORING Proper information/investigation of hydrogeological conditi0ns of the sites where the pits are to be located are prerequisities for the implementation of the programme in order that the pollution risk to ground water and water distribt>tion pipes is minimal. In conditions such as rock with fissures, chalk formations, old root channels, pollution can flow to very long distances. These conditions demand careful investigations and necessary modifications of the system or adoption of alternative sanitary system. It is desirable to periodically monitor the quality of the ground water in the area where the pro- gramme is implemented. The monitoring programme should cover periodical sampling of the ground water and the analysis for at least faecal coliforms and nitrates. [ 59 ] ANNEX-8 Page 1 of pages 3 MAJOR FINDINGS OF THE INSTITUTIONAL. FINANCIAL AND LEGAL STUDIES (Sections 1.9 and 5.10) I INSTITUTIONAL 1. The local bodies have been constructing roads, drains, community latrines and have the neces- sary infrastructure for realising their dues including house tax, water tax etc. In almost all the local authorities, Sanitary Inspectors and Junior Engineers are available. The programme fer latrine construction will deal with individual households at all the stages of motivation, con- struction, maintenance, issue and recovery of loans and hence the local bodies will be the most suitable agency for actual execution of the project. However, as their existing limited staff is busy with their regular works, this time bound programme would need additional staff, both at the technical (deputed from PHMED) and the non-technical levels. The implementation by the municipalities will be supervised hy the CE (PH) and the DMA through the PMMC. They can be entrusted with the following functions : i) Receipt of funds from the state level agency and others; ii) Disbursement of funds to the beneficiaries; iii) Recovery of loans from the beneficiaries; iv) Repayment of loans; v) Execution of the programme; vi) Operation and maintenance of the community latrines; vii) Desludging of the pits of the private waterseal latrines; and viii) Training of the local masons. 2. The Directorate of Municipal Administration can be entrusted with the job of ensuring execu tion of the project by the municipalities and also timely repayment of loans advanced to the municipalities. 3. The Public Health and Municipal Engineering Department (PHMED) can be made responsible for the programming, preparation of detailed engineering studies, overall guidance and super- vision of the execution by municipal staff, monitoring and its evalution. It would procure funds from all the sources and channelise them for the programme implementation as well as the repayment to the loaning agencies. It would also provide the technical knowhow to the local authority and arrange training courses both at state and municipal levels for the different disciplines involved in the programme including contractor~, private masons and others interested in the programme. 4. A special Project Management and Monitoring Cell (PMMC) consisting of one superintend- ing engineer (PH), one deputy director (minicipal administration), three executive engineers. three sociologists and three health eductors (one for each of the three regions) and twenty assistant executive engineers (one for each municipality) will be created in the PHMED for effective supervision and monitoring of the implementation programme, including all aspects of training, motivation, promotion and mass media publicity. 5. In addition at the policy making level, it is desirable that a State Direction Committee with the concerned representatives (both official and non-official) is constituted. At the district [ 60 l ANNEX-8 Page 2 of pages 3 MAJOR FINDINGS OF THE INSTITUTIONAL, FINANCIAL AND LEGAL STUDIES (Contd) level, the already existing District Development Council will review the project periodically and assist in the procurement of scarce materials. In addition, at the municipal, level, a Sanitation cell to ensure adequate publicity, awarenes, health education & motivation aspects and a Town Direction Commttee for monitoring and accelerating the implementation work will be created for ensuring that the tempo of work is at the optimal level. U FINANCIAL 1. Though almost all the municipalities show surplus budgets, they are not financially sound even to take up the needed maintenance of community latrine programme, let alone the implemen- tation of a large scale programme like this, on their own. 2. Funds required for the programme, both grant and loan components, shall have to be arranged from outside sources which can be from the state government to a limited extent and the balance from national, international, bilateral, institutional financing agencies. The study of their resource position shows that they cannot bear the loan load for this programme and 100% grant from GOA is recommended for the capital cost of the community latrines. 3. The municipal councils, on whom lies the statutory responsibility of providing civic amenities, can take up a part of the maintenance load of community latrines but to ensure that a satis- factory 16-hours (covering the peak periods) service is available, at least 50% grant from GOA for the maintenance costs is recomended. 4. The municipal councils are competent to undertake the work of desludging leach pits, septic tanks etc. but they shall have to maintain a special squad with the requisite strength of staff and number of vehicles and implements for this work on a regular footing. Since almost all the municipal councils already derive some revenue from eomposting and the leach pits yield good quality humus and they are already empowered to recover charges for rendering such service, there does not seem to be any financial constraint to shoulder this responsibility. However, it is suggested that periodical desludging operation, which should normally be remunerative, should be rendered free to the householder at an interval of about 3 years : this would keep the householder happy and also ensure considerable revenue to the municipal councils. 5. The following measures are recommended to be adopted by the municipal couneils to meet the objective of improving the financial position in general and of securing the requisite fund& for meeting the maintenance charges of community latrines in particular : i. Full exploitation of compulsory taxes which already include a drainage tax and a scaveng- ing tax as :.tlso inclusion of a 'special latrine tax' as a new additional component of property tax (as has been done in the Maharashtra Municipalities Act, 1965). ii. Constituting a special fund "Waterseal Latrine Construction Fund" comprising of the realisation of special latrine tax, contributions from general fund, contributions from the beneficiaries etc. iii. Improvement in the recovery mechanism; iv. Adequate enhancement of the property taxes and timely assessment of the properties; [ 61 ANNEX-8 Page 3 of pages 3 .MAJOR FINDINGS OF THE INSTITUTIONAL FINANCIAL AND LEGAL STUDIES (Contd.) v. Levy of a general sanitary charge; and vi. Matching grant by Government. Annex-55 gives some additional information. III. LEGAL According to Section 157 of the Andhra Pradesh Municipalities Act 1965, the municipal heaHh officer may insist upon the owner or the occupier to provide a suitable latrine for the use of the person occupying the buildings. Even in respect of a place where there are more than 6 huts, the owner or the occupier of the land is or obliged to provide such type of latrines as may be necces- sary for the inhabitants of such huts. Similarly it is the legitimate responsibility of every person employing as workmen, labourers or other persons exceeding 10 in number, to provide and maintain adequate number of latrines for the use of the workers etc. as per Section 158. Section !59 empowers the municipal health officer to insist on the provision and maintenance of adequate number of latrines for the seperate use of persons of each sex in the private market, cartstand,. cattle shed, choultry, theatre, railway station, dock, wharf or other places of public resort by the owner or the manager of such an institution. Section 160 contemplates that the latrines shall be kept clean and in proper order by the owners of the buildings. In pursuance of Section 230, the owner of any building newly constructed or reconstructed has the legal obligation of providing flush out latrines with adequate number of seats. Thus there are adequate provisions, which need effective and sustained implemenation drive, after the terms like "suitable latrines" are defined to provide for the low cost systems like the pourflush latrines unambiguously. The suggested amendments to the State Acts: Andhra Pradesh Municipalities Act 1965 and Andhra Pradesh Buildings (Lease, Rent and Eviction) Control Act, 1960 may be seen in Annex-41. The following suggestions are made in respect of the two Central Acts : i) The Mines Act, 1952 Administrative instructions should be isstled by the Central Government that the Rules for prescribing the standard of sanitation and scale of latrines etc. made under this Act shall not be derogatory but preferably be an improved model to the provisions of the law of the local authorities of the area concerned. ii) Government Buildings Act, 1899 Administrative instructions should be issued by the Central Government for the guidance of the State Governments under this Act that i. all dry latrines in government buildings should be converted to waterflush latrines; ii. waterseal latrines should be provided in those public build- ings where there is none; and iii. construction of dry latrines should be prohibited in future. [ 62 ] ANNEX-9 Page 1 of Pages 5 SUMMARY AND MAJOR FINDINGS OF THE SOCIOLOGICAL STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF LATRINE CONVERSION ON SCAVENGERS (Sections 1. 7 and 4.11.3) 1 SCOPE The study covered 3 towns in Bihar (Patna, Bettiah and Chapra) with municipal scavenging and 3 towns in Rajasthan (Jaipur, Chomu and Sanganer) with private system of scavengers with custom- ary rights usually called the 'Jajmani System.' Details of the Jajmani System as given in the Report of the GOl Committee on Customary Right to Scavenging, popularly known as Malkani Committee after the Chairman, Prof. N.R. Malkani, are extracted at Annex-10. The former prevails in some project towns while the latter prevails in the others. 2 Objectives of the study a. To study the nature and extent of the employmer.t problems faced by the scavengers due to the process of modernisation in the disposal of human waste; b. To examine new and subsidiary occupations adopted by the scavengers due to the conversion of traditional service latrines into water flush units; c. To assess the impact of latrine conversion programme on scavengers' life-style and on their vocational and economic aspirations; d. To analyse the aspirations of scavengers regarding the occupational future of their children; and e. To suggest measures for the economic rehabilitation of scavengers. 3· Research Design Scavengers were classified into four groups on the basis of their occupations : (i) those engaged in scavenging fully, (ii) those in scavenging and also in non-scavenging like sweeping, (iii) those in sweeping only and (iv) those neither in scavenging work nor in sweeping work. Primary data were collected from scavengers through structured inte1view schedules. Secondary data were collected from municipal records and district gazetteers. Areas covered included background characteristics, family structure, primary and secondary occupations, occupational involvement of family members, houses served, dependents, income and its sources, change in the occupation of the respondents between the pre-programme and post-programme stages of the latrine conversion programme, extent to which the changes could be attributed to the conversion programme, degree of satisfaction with non-scavenging jobs, skills possessed, training received,loans undertaken, occupational aspirations, aspirations for children's future and effects of occupation on status and life slyle. 4 Profile of Respondents The background characteristies of the respondents were analysed in terms of (a) personal charac~ teristics like age, education, income, religion, sub-caste etc. and (b) job characteristics like type of occupational role, activity and change in works. [ 63 ] ANNEX-9 Page 2 of Pages 5 SUMMARY AND MAJOR FINDINGS OF THE SOCIOLOGICAL STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF LATRINE CONVERSION ON SCAVENGERS (Contd.) 5 MOST SIGNIFICANT FINDINGS The most significant finding of this study is that latrine conversion scheme has neither created un- employment nor under-employment among the scavengers because of the larger new employment avenues available than the part-unemployment caused by replacing service latrines by water-seal latrines. Even after this conversion, many householders. continue to employ sweepers to clean their flush latrines and courtyards and also collect daily garbage and these sweepers will not have to handle or come in contact with the nightsoil at all. Further, cleaning of the pits in new water- seal latrines, construction of new houses, new housing and other colonies in all the urban areas have forced the municipalities, schools, colleges, banks, government and semi-government offices and others to employ more sweepers and other workers on their payroll. 50% new sweepers were employed in the last two years and 100% in the last 5 years by all the three representative municipalities (for which quantified information is available) covered by the Bihar study. The second most significant finding is that 64.07% of the respondents of the Municipal System and 82% of the Jajmani System had positive and favourable attitude towards the latrine conversion programmes and considered them benefical to scavengers. The respondents in the Bihar study believed that the latrine conversion programme was bene- ficial to the scavenger community as it a. saved from carrying the night soil on head (92.06%) b. facilitated work (46.16%) c. enhaced status (31.08%) d, avoided dirty work (33.47%) e. provided more time for other work (30.82%} f. he! ped earning more money (43.12%) g. prevented diseases; and (30.95%) h. gave more leisure. (17.46%) Only 11.78% of the respondents felt that the conversion scheme had any harmful effect viz. it had reduced their income. This implies that by and large, scavengers are not unhappy with the latrine conversion scheme. When the interviewees were asked whether they thought the latrine conversion programme had benefited the masses, 43.47 percent said yes and 1.02 per cent 'No' (that too only in Patna). The benefits pointed out were : spend less money on latrine cleaning (9.16 per cent); more hygienic (68.23 per cent): increases self reliance and decreases dependence (6.43 per cent); and prevents disease (13.45 percent). [ 64 1 ANNEX-9 Page 3 of Pages 5 SUMMARY AND MAJOR FINDINGS OF THE SOCIOLOGICAL STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF LATRINE CONVERSION ON SCAVENGERS (Contd.) ll. OTHER FINDlNGS A. Family Structure a. Three-fourths (76.10 percent) respondents were living in nuclear families and one-fourth (23.90 percent) in joint families in the Municipal System while the split was half to half in the Jajmani System. b. About one-tenth of the families were small-sized, half medium-sized, one-third large-sized and one-twentieth very large-sized. c. The size of the family was not small. The mean number of members per family was 6.63, with adults averaging 2.82. The smaller family size (3.5) in the Jajmani System study is due to the sparsely populated Rajasthan State where the study was conducted. d. About 80 per cent of the sample interviewed was between 21-45 years while 20 to 30 per cent was educated (larger percentage relates to the Jajmani System). B. Traditional Occupation a. 80 per cent of the respondents for both the systems are engaged in scavenging and have no subsidiary source of income; b. The following figures pertain to the Municipal System though the features are common to both the systems : 1. Two-third respondents (66.67 percent) with non-scavenging work were engaged in some secondary occupation. ii. The subsidiary occupations were mainly non-mechanised occupations for which no special training was required. iii. In two-third cases (66.75 percent), the spouses of the respondents engaged in sca- venging work and in one-fifth cases (20.72 percent), the spouses of the respondents engaged in non-scavenging work had their own primary source of earning livelihood. iv. Only in 3.84 percent cases, the number of houses served by the scavengers had in- creased after the introduction of the latrine-conversion scheme. v. The number of houses served by an avera~e scavenger keeps him/her busy only for about two or three hours a day. The mean number of houses served by the scavengers was 27.30. vi. More than four-fifths of the scavengers and sweepers had free time which could be used by them for getting some training and earnirtg mote money. vii. Only about five percent scavengers (4.58 percent) had changed their traditional occu- pation of cleaning latrines in private houses. Of these, about half (51.85 percent) had chang~d occnpations before the introduction of th~ l:ltrine-conversion scheme. [ 65 1 ANNEX-·7 Page 4 of Pages 5 SUMN1ARY AND MAJOR FINDINGS OF THE SOCIOLOGICAL STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF LATRINE CONVERSION ON SCAVENGERS (Contd.) C. Income While the trends are the same in both the systems, statistical data as available for the Munici- pal System study is given below : a. Three-fourths of the respondents' families (76.53 percent) had 1 to 2 earning members and one fourth (23.47 percent) had 3 or more earning members. ~ b. About one-tenth respondents (8.73 percent) had no dependents, little less than two-third (62.12 percent) had I to 2 dependents and one- third (29.15 percent) had 3 or more dependents. · c. One-fifth respondents earned less than Rs. 300 per month, one-third between Rs. 300 and Rs. 500 and little less than half above Rs. 500 per month. The average family income of the respondents was 497.63 per month. d. Comparing the income of the respondents engaged in scavenging with those in the non- scavenging works, non-scavengers have more monthly income (597.15) than the scavengers (451.07). e. The family income after the introduction of the latrine-conversion scheme had increased in four-fifth cases (80.25 percent) and decreased in 3.56 percent cases. It bad remained the same in 16.19 percent cases. In three-fourth cases (76.88 percent), the increase varied between 10 to 50 percent. f. As far as the economic status of the scavengers is concerned, by and large, they did not appear to have a weak economic base and also have high-income aspirations. D. Job Satisfaction The specific figures following relate to the Bihar Study but the general trend appears the same for the Jajmani System also. a. Of the respondents engaged in traditional scavenging work, half (50. 76 percent) were satisfied with it, one-fourth (23.85 percent) were dissatisfied and one-fourth (25.39 percent) were neither satisfied nor dissatisfied. b. Half of the respondents (53.82 percent) wanted to change scavenging job if given an opportunity. c. Two-third respondents (62.78 percent) were against their children taking to scavenging work. Only 16.56 percent had no objection if they remained engaged in their traditional work. d. Non-scavengers stood more in support of their children not undertaking the scavenging work than the scavengers, e. A large number (93.12 percent) wanted to undertake any new work which increased their income. f. Of the new works undertaken, tailoring was the most favourite (53.33%), others being in the following order: pigrearing (20%), scooter driving (6.67%), basket or mat or rope making (6.67%), riksha pulling (4.44%), poultry farming (4.44%); and carpentry (4.44%). g. 9 out of 10 respondents (90.40 percent) who had unc!t'rtaken new works were happy and satisfied with their works. 66 ) ANNEX-7 Page 5 of Pages 5 SUMMARY AND MAJOR FINDINGS OF THE SOCIOLOGICAL STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF LATRINE CONVERSION ON SCAVENGERS ( Contd.) E. Impact of Change in Occupation Quantitative figures below pertain to the Municipal System but the trends appear to be the same in the other system also : a. Scavengers were not adversely affected economically by the latrine-conversion scheme because in four-fifth cases their income had in fact increased. b. Change of po!lutable occupation had been an inevitable avenue to raising status. Their status had improved within their own caste though in relationship to other castes they continued to suffer the opprobrium and the disabilities of their caste status even after giving up virtually their unclean occupation. c. The change of occupation had not resulted in geographical mobility. Only 2.97 percent respondents had changed their residence after undertaking the new work. d. One-third respondents (31.14 percent) perceived the positive effect of shedding the scavenging work on status within their own caste. e. Change of occupation had affected the life-style of one-third (37.04 percent) scavengers. f. Change of occupation had also favourably affected the self-respect, temperament and habits of two-thirds (64.25 percent) scavengers. 7. Recommendations Though scavengers do not face any economic cns1s due to latrine conversion programme, 1t IS desirable and advisable that some economic planning is promoted for them. A two stage pro- gramme of economic rehabilitation has to be chalked out. Firstly for scavengers who are dis- satisfied with the scavenging jobs, an appropriate incentive system aimed at satisfaction of vital economic needs has to be provided. Secondly for scavengers who are neither satisfied nor dis- satisfied with scavenging work, a job restructuring programme to inculcate positive attitude towards the alternative jobs should be started. Besides the above, other measures suggested for economic rehabilitation are as under : a. Training programme : Opening of vocational training schools may bring vocational training within the reach of almost every body who is keen to take advantage. b. Economic self employment programme : introducing measures like increased subsidy, grants to cooperative societies, concessional loan facilities from the government and the credit societies will help the scavengers to take more interest in non-scavenging works. Loans at low rate of interest can also be advanced to those who want to open small provision shops, stores or repair shops. c. They should be given priority in employment in municipalitiL:s and government offices on jobs suited to them. [ 67 ] ANNEX-10 Page 1 of Pages 2 EXTRACTS FROM THE REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON CUSTOMARY RIGHTS TO SCAVENGING (Section 1.9 and Annex-9) The Committee on Customary Rights to Scavenging appointed by the Social Welfare bepartment, Government of India is also known as Malkani Committee, after its Chairman, Prof. M.R. Malkani. The following are extracts from the Report dealing specifically about the Jajmani System. Generally where latrines in private households are cleaned by scavengers privately and not on be- half of the Municipality, scavengers acquire scavenging rights which become hereditary. Each scavenger cleans a number of 'Makans' or 'Thikanas' (households) or localities. These households are generally scattered even when situated in one locality or 'mohall a'. One particular scavenger acquires a right to clean such latrines, as against another scavenger by mututal understanding or agreement. In small towns he is generally paid in kind (a daily 'roti') and some perquisities like food and clothes etc. on some special occasions like births, marriages, deaths etc. varying with the status of the householder. Often in bigger towns he is also paid partially in cash by each. family served by him and in cities he is generally paid only in cash. It is said that in times of need they sell or mortgage their rights to other scavengers in the same manner as one does with one's property. However, deeds involving such transactions are not registered in the law court. The Committee came across a few documents indicating such transactions which had been signed by both the parties and witnesses. These were on stamped papers. Sale of customary rights is rare. Such a sale or mortgage is more in the nature of an agreement within the community, generally honoured through the sanction of the caste 'Panchayat'. It is, however, clear that in most of the places where scavengers are engaged privately in cleaning private latrines, the householders are unable to change the scavengers when desired. In order to get a clear picture of customary rights, we may divide the areas where scavenging has not been municipalised into two categories : a. Where customary rights do not exist in the old form and the householder can easily change his scavenger, no transaction being involved even between the old scavenger and the new one. Such areas are eastern Uttar Pradesh and Himachal Pradesh. b. Where customary rights exist in old form i.e. where the householder can change his scavenger only with consent of the latter. In such cases the old scavenger enters into a deal with the new one who pays the former some amount according to the status of householder. These transactions in com· mon parlance are known as selling of a particular 'Brit'. It is interesting that in this way a poor scavenger may 'sell' or mortgage the 'thikana' of even a rich person in times of need. This gives him a certain sense of security. In most of the areas where scavenging has not been municipalised, this form of customary rights prevails. Areas Where Customary Rights Prevail Customary rights prevail in western and central regions of Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh (ex· eluding Mahakoshal), Rajasthan, Gujarat (mainly in Saurashtra region), Punjab and Jammu and Kashmir. In the!)~ stat~s, ~cav~ng~rs work privately and are not employed by municipalitietJ. As customary rights 68 ] . ANNEX-10 :':: <.,. Page 2 of Pages 2 EXTRACTS FROM THE REPORT OF THE. COMMITTEE ON CUSTOMARY RIGHTS TO SCAV.;ENGING (Contd.) prevailed in the erstwhile Hyderabad State, it is presumed that these exist in the districts of Guluarga, Bidar and Raichur which were transferred from that State to Mysore State in 1956. The Government of Mysore were requested to confirm this and indicate the nature of customary rights prevailing in these distncts or any other part of the State, but in spite of repeated reminders they have not furnished a reply. But without mentioning the particular districts or areas concerned, the Deputy Commissioner for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, Bangalore has intimated that in small towns and minor munici- palities in the state, part time municipal employees do private scavenging and generally get Rs. 2 to 5 per month per family. He has added that these scavengers have mostly migrated from the neighbouring States of Andbra Pradesh, Madras, Kerala and to some extent from North India. lLocal Terms Customary rights are known by different terms in different areas. Gharakai '(Gharagi) is used in Gujarat; Brit-Jajmani' in western Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Jammu, Rajasthan and Marathwada; 'Jagirdari' and 'lleqedari' in Madhya Pradesh; 'Thikanedari' in Uttar Pradesh, parts of Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan. There is no local term for customary rights in Kashmir. For convenience we in this report will use the most commonly used term viz. 'Brit~Jajmani' in reference to English term Customary Rights. [ 69 ] ANNEX--11 Page 1 of Pages 5 EVALUATION OFTHE COMMUNITY LATRINE PROGRAMME IN BIHAR (Sections 1. 7 and 2.4.1) 1. General A number of community latines with user clnrges, d!spersed in 8 towns of Bihar, are being maint- ained by a private organisation in conjunction with its operation of the conversion of individual household latrine programme. Pay-in or pay-and-use type latrines have also become popular in the states of Gujarat, Kerala and Tamil Nadu earning good revenue: they are maintained by the parti· cular municipalities/corporations but mostly operated through individual contractors on an yearly lease basis. Since in each project towri, there may be some households which cannot be provided with individual sanitary latrines due to space constraints apart from some hc>useless and floating population, community latrines will have to be resorted to a limited extent in each project towlll but they should be operated and maintained to give a reasonably good and satisfactory service. The following are the general observations (including the findings of the evalution study) of the com- munity latrine programme operated in Bihar. 2. Programme in Bihar Community latrine programme in Bihar is functioning in eight towns : Patna, Ranchi, Gaya and Arrah in South Bihar and Katihar, Darbhanga, Samastipur and Bettiah in North Bihar and operat- ed by the Sulabh Sauchalaya Sansthan (presently designated as Sulabh International). The details of the townwise units and their daily earnings are shown in Table- I below. TABLE-1 TOWNWISE UNITS Town No. of No. of No. of No. of Revenue per day latrine latrines urinals baths in Rs. blocks 1 2 3 4 5 6 Arrah 4 18 2 14 112 Bettiah 3 20 8 6 80 Darbhanga 4 23 2 12 80 Gay a 4 26 4 14 127 Katihar 3 20 3 6 42 Patna 37 551 52 313 1938 Ranchi 8 140 22 42 220 Samastipur 30 16 30 TOTAL 64 828 93 423 2629 ·-- ----··- ~--- ···-- 70 ] ANNEX-11 Page 2 of Pages 5 EVALUATION OF THE COMMUNITY LATRINE PROGRAMME IN BIHAR (Contd.) 'Out of 64 latrine blocks (828 latrines), 39 blocks (220 latrines-27%) are located in residential areas while 25 blocks (608 latrines-73%) are located near bus stations. railway stations, market areas, education institutions which are mostly used by commuters, rickshaw pullers and floating population. 72% of the total income is from the community latrines located in the public places. Though the state or the central governments do not give any financial assistance, land, electricity and water are given free by the different municipalities/corporations. Cost of the building as well as the operational charges (except for water and electricity) are met by the SI. Baths and urinals are also provided alongwith the latrine seats. At most of the centres, there is an open tank which is used for cleaning lavatories and urinals and also for supplying ablution water and filled up by water mains wherever public water supply is available. The toilet users are given surf to clean their hands and are asked to pay a :fixed charge of ten paise either before or after the use of the toilet (formerly only men were charged, with women, children and old people being free). Now all users (whether of toilets or baths) are charged (only single charge for use of both bath and toilet). For supervision and surveillance of the sweepers and general cleanliness, a man is deputed at every centre who sits on a chair with a money box and a packet of surf and maintains the record book. Monthly income for all the units is Rs. 81,360 while the expenditure is Rs. 91,975, as detailed in Table-2, on the next page. the loss as well as the cost of the construction being met out of the 10% profit accruing to SI from the conversion programme. 2.1 User Profile These facilities are neither used by the children (who are below the age of nine) nor by those aged above sixty, the bulk of the users being in the age group of 20-49, illiterate and non-matriculate, in the monthly income range of Rs 100-300, generally labourers, rickshaw pullers or service holders depending upon the predominant group of the resident population, mostly from the backward class and lower middle class. Most of the respondents (63%) of all the 5 towns selected for study (Patna 71.7%, Gaya 53.3%, Ranchi 61.7%,. Katihar 76.7% and Darbhanga 51.7%) are daily visitors, the distance to the nearest community latrine centre being less than one and a half kilometres. B.ulk of the respondents visited for defecation (Patna 48.3%, Gaya 100%, Ranchi 60%, Katihar 100% and Darbhanga 73.3%). 18.3% from Gaya, 36.6% from Katihar and 1.6% from Ranchi also visited them for bathing purposes while 15% from Patna visited for washing their clothes. 93.3% (Patna, Ranchi and Darbhanga), 96.7% (Katihar) and 98.4% (Gaya) of the users are men and the ladies do not visit the centres. All family members do not use them. 65% (Gaya) to 85% (Ranchi) use these units because they do not have their own arrangements and 3-13% due to the inadequacy of their own arrangements. 6.6% (Ranchi) to 58.3% ( Gaya) use them for imme- diate solution. 2.2 Availability of the Facility Though the management claims that various facilities like sweepers to clean the pans and surf for washing hands are always available, the study indicates that the availability of these facilities is a far cry. None of the centre§ has lighting arrangemenl!l inside the latrines due to which user~ face 71] ANNEX-11 Page 3 of Pages 5 TABLE-2 INCOME AND EXPENDITURE PER MONTH -,...,,. __ ,.-.~.· (Amounts in Rs.) INCOME EXPENDITURE Centre No. Monthly Sa!arites Manage- Construe- Light & of collection Workers Co]lection Sweepers ment, surf tion and water units Agents powder, repair of charges, Total No. Amount No. Amount No. Amount brush, water water stationery pot etc. tank etc 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 L Arrah 4 3_360 1 450 5 1,200 4 840 500 250 250 3,490 2. Bettiah 3 2,400 1 450 3 720 3 630 400 200 200 2,600 3. Darbhanga 4 3,000 1 450 4 960 4 840 500 250 120 3,150 4. Gaya 4 3,750 1 750 5 1,200 5 1,050 600 250 250 4,100 5. Katihar 3 1,350 - - 2 400 3 450 350 100 50 1,350 6. Patna 37 60,000 27 12,600 66 15,840 52 10,920 16,000 9,000 5,000 69,360 7. Ranchi 8 6,600 2 1,100 8 1,920 8 1,680 1,500 450 350 7,000 8. Samastipur 1 700 - - 2 400 2 300 125 50 50 925 Total 64 81,360 33 15,800 95 22.640 81 16,710 19,975 10,550 6,300 91,975 [ 72 ] ANNEX-11 Page 4 of Pages 5 EVALUATION OF THE COMMUNITY LATRINE PROGRAMME IN BIHAR (Contd.) difficulties at night. Number of seats are inadequate particularly during the peak hours resuiting in long queues. 96.6% in Patna, 86.6% in Gaya, 30% in Ranchi, 70% in Katihar and 98.3% in Darbhanga have demanded an increase in the number of latrines. The management's claim that all latrine blocks with more than 16 seats are provided with 24 hours cleaning facility is not corro- borated by the users. 78.3% in Patna, 65% in Gaya, 98.3% in Ranchi, 40% in Katihar and 100% in Darbhanga have complained that proper cleanliness is wanting, while 63.3% in Gaya, 45% in Ranchi, 38% in Katihar, 31.6% in Patna and 6.6% in Darbhanga said they are dirty. 86.6% in Gaya, 70% in Darbhanga, 58.3% in Patna and 53.3% in Katihar reported that the sweepers and the attendents behaved roughly with them. Many opined that the urinals which are separately attached to the centres are not frequently cleaned resulting in bad odour in the premises. A good number use the urinals only and defecate in the open (73%), by the roadside (15%), or roadside ditches (9%) or river bank or railway line sides (3 %). None of them use the neghbour's house or the backyard. Prominent reasons for the nonuse of the community latrines are lack of cleanliness (75%), too costly (70%), no habit (45%), over-crowded (40%), time consuming (35%). ignorance of its merits (27%) and distance (56%). An interesting fact is that 26% of these 'urinal users' have latrine facilities in their own houses but do not use them because of their habit (10%) and inadequacy of the facilities (8%). Women do not use these facilities for want of separate seats and women attendants and (because of them) children also do not use them. Another over- whelming opinion was that big and covered water tanks should be constructed at all the centres so that water may be available all through the 24 hours. 95% in Darbhanga, 86.6% in Ranchi, 68.3% in Katihar, 45% in Patna and 40% in Gaya held the view that the levy of service charges was a deterrant as bulk of the users were from the low income category. 3. Recommendations 1. Minimum provision of one seat for every 20 resident users/50 non~resident users (floating population including commuters) is to be made. u. Separate provision for women users with women attendants is necessary. iii. Latrine blocks should be so located such that the facility is available to all intending users within a reasonable distance iv. Proper arrangements for lighting and storage of flushing and ablution water for use at aU hours are to be made. v. At least 3 sweepers and an attendant for each unit of public latrine for providing continuous service and adequate number of sweepers to keep the units neat and clean even during peak hours should be available. vi. Training of attendants for giving proper and courteous service is necessary. [ 73 ] ANNEX-11 Page 5 of Pages 5 EVALUATION OF THE COMMUNITY LATRINE PROGRAMME IN BIHAR (Contd.) vii. Education of users through posters, pamphlets for proper usage of the t'acility (eg. wetting the pan before use, not using mud for cleaning hands etc.) is also necessary. vm. The disposal system could be designed for production of gas with only an incremental increase in the cost. Where the municipalities are willing to have these types installed along with the gas piping and arrange for the recovery charges from the households served and where the people are enthusiastic about taking the gas connections, this system could be adopted. ix. Community latrine programme is satisfactorily maintained only at places where the units are auctioned by the Municipalities and manned by the private agencies- this assures a fixed and reasonable income to the municipality without the botherations associated with it. x. While the fixed charge per user at Rs. 0.10 per use is reasonable at public places, in residential areas, it should be only a reasonably reduced monthly charge on each household in the area (the balance being subsidized by the local body) or even preferably free of charge. 74 ] ANNEX-12 Page 1 of Pages 2 HOUSE TO HOUSE SURVEYS (Sections 1.9 and 3.2) :Svery house, whether it was assessed or not, including the unregistered temporary huts was sur~ veyed by the municipal staff to get the complete data of all the households living in that town so that the 100% coverage of the sanitation requirements of all the households living in 1983 could be provided by the project. The survey provided the information on : 1. number of households living in each house; n. number of persons in the household; iii. income of the househuld (reflected by the expenditure): iv. whether the household has- a. water connection; b. electric connection: c. latrine; (to determine rationally its eligibility for grant assistance and its quantum) v. if the household does not have water connection, how it is getting its requirement of water-through public stand post or handpump or well; vi. if it has a latrine-whether flush or dry type; number of people using the latrine; vii. if it is a dry latrine- a. whether it is located on any higher floor (because that would increase the coM of conversion); and b. whether it is feasible for conversion; viii. if the existing dry latrine can be converted, a. whether the leach pits can be located inside the premises; or b. the leach pits have to be located outside the premises - under the footpath; or - under the road. (as these make a difference in the design and the consequent cost) ix. ifthe household does not have a latrine, whether a new pour-flush latrine with twin leach pits can be constructed; [ 75 ] ANNEX-12 Page 2 of Pages 2 HOUSE TO HOUSE SURVEYS (Contd.) x. if it can be constructed, a. whether the leach pits can be located within the prerni:ses; or b. the leach pits have to be located outside the premises: - under the footpath; or - under the road. (as these make a difference in the design and the consequent t:ost) xi. whether the householders are already paying any amounts to the sweepers for cleaning the dry latrines (apart from the municipal taxes they are paying) to assess their paying capacity for a more satisfactory service. Information at (iv) is also to give an idea of the afford ability of the householder for the service proposed. The above details enable the correct assessment of the project cost taking the household strength and location of the leach pits into account. By knowing the actual location of the household, the need for any additional sludge storage capacity or water pollution prevention measures and their additional costs in the specific cases are also determined by the supplemental data on the water-levels and the soil charac- teristics of the area. Thus, the local body can be given the guidelines as to the type of latrine to be pro- vided in each household with the approximate cost. The incomegroup as also the availability or otherwise of the three basic utilities and the payments being already made by the dry latrine households gives adequate and rational basis to decide suitable loan/ grant mix for the individual householder to bring the repayment instalment within his easy and affordable reach. In view of the voluminous work involved in analysing the data collected from the 1645 households, a computer programme was developed by TAG-India with the assistance of the consultants in the field and the results were analysed to meet the above objectives. It has been possible to arrive at the categorisation of the financial pattern of assistance which enables more than 70% of the beneficiaries pay a monthly instal- ment ofRs, 5/- and less (Section 8.3 and Annex-28). 76 J ANNEX-13 Page 1 of Pages 5 PRESENT STATUS OF SANITARY-WARE INDUSTRY IN INDIA (Section 1.9) 1. General The industryc an be broadly divided into two categories-ceramic (largely used at present) and non- ceramic (which has been developed during the last three years mostly due to TAG-India efforts) which are further divided into large scale and small scale sectors depending upon the investment capacities. While these wares can be and are made in materials like cement and mosaic, they are not considered here as their life is short and are not recommended for use in the Global (Interregional) and India Low Cost Sanitation Projects. Since ceramic units are widely used, they are considered in detail. As the overall installation capacity of any unit can be redistributed among the various components depending upon the demand and profit and most of these firms are potential manufacturers of these units needed by the Global (Interregional) and India Low Cost Sanitation Projects, the overall performance is considered here. 2. Ceramic Units 2.1 Large scale There are at present 11 large scale units in the country with an installed capacity of 43,640 tonnes of sanitary wares per year : Installed capacity (tonnes/annum) M/s Hindustan Sanitary Ware & Industries Ltd., 9,600 Bahadurgarh, Distt. Rohtak, Haryana M/s Neiveli Ceramics & Refractories Ltd., 7,500 Vadalur, South Arcot Dt., Tamil Nadu M/s Parsuram Potteries Ltd., Morvi, Gujarat 5,000 M/s EID Parrys Ltd., Ranipet, Tamil Nadu 4,920 M/s Swastik Sanitary Ware Ltd., Kadi, Distt. Mehsana, Gujarat 4,380 M/s Khodiyar Potteries Ltd., Sihor, Gujarat 4,000 M/s Madhusudan Vegetable Products Co. Ltd., 3,000 Kadi, Distt. Mehsana, Gujarat 2,400 M/s Johnsons Poddar (P) Ltd., 1,320 M/s Orissa Potteries Ltd., Bahrang, Orissa M/s Tacel Ceramic Ltd., Vriddhachalam, Tamil Nadu 800 M/s A.P. Sidco Ltd., Gudur, Andhra Pradesh 720 43,640 [ 77 ] ANNEX-13 Page 2 of Pages 5 PRESENT STATUS OF SANITARY-WARE INDUSTRY IN INDIA (Contd.) By December 1985, the total installed capacity of sanitary ware industry in the large scale sector is likely to be around 50,000 with actual production exceeding 40,000 tonnes, leaving a shortfall of about 10,000 tonnes. The export of sanitary-wares from India has increased substantially OVf:r the last few years. It is estimated that during 1984-85 the export from the country will be about 5,000 tonnes. The estimated demand of sanitary ware (excluding that generated by the UNDP Projects on Low Cost Sanitation) during 1984-85 but including export is expected to be 35,500 tonnes. Installed capacity and production of sanitary-ware in India from the year 1968 onwards are indicated below : Installed capacity Production Capacity Utilizalion Year (tonnes) (tonnes) (%) 1968 15,970 12,100 76 1969 17,970 12,628 70 1970 17,790 12,762 71 1971 17,790 14,392 80 1972 18,170 16,200 8g 1973 19,100 16,910 89 1974 20,100 16,050 80 1975 20,630 18,570 90 1976 25,350 20,100 86 1977 28,760 24,090 84 1978 28,760 22,458 78 1979 28,760 23,482 82 1980 34,760 26,300 76 1981 34,760 27,193 78 1982 35,060 28,144 77 Z.2 Small scale Apart from the good demand, the excise duty policy o~ GOI gives a good incentive to the small scale sector to enter this field. Complete exemption of excise duty of 35% for annual manufactured value of Rs. 0,75 million and graded exemption upto a total value of Rs. 1.5 million is available at present. Once the annual production exceeds Rs. 1.5 million, excise duty is leviable on the entire production at the full rate. [ 78 ] ANNEX-13 Page 3 of Pages 5 PRESENT STATUS OF SANITARY-WARE INDUSTRY IN INDIA (Contd.) A small scale unit with an investment of about Rs. 0.6 million can start a sanitary-ware manufac- turing plant of its own, while a 5,000 tonnes/annum unit involving an investment of Rs. 20 million is considered as the minimum economic size in the large scale sector. As the temperature cannot be controlled and maintained in the periodical down draught kilns usually associated with the small scale units, their location near the functional estates or contiguous to large units with spare tunnel kiln (the kiln itself costing Rs. 1.5 to 5 miiiion) capacity is advocated, particularly for the pan-trap units. More than 16 small scale units located in the four functional industrial estates at Calcutta, Khurja in U.P., Thangarh and Surendranagar in Gujarat and Vriddhachalam in Tamil Nadu are functioning, manufacturing mostly the reserved items (of over 800) for the small scale sector. Pan and trap units are not amongst these reserved items. In view of the high cost of furnance oil and scarcity of coal, small units and even the large scale units received a set back recently and locations with natural gas availability are being explored. 2.3 Ceramic PRAJ: Pan Trap Units Bulk of the sanitaryware manufactured is sanitary fittings, kitchen sinks, European water closets and Indian water closets with flushing rims and traps of 75 mm waterseal. While 4 firms have the capacity, moulds and designs to manufacture the handflush units (PRAI type or rural type water closet without flushing rim and with 20 mm waterseal trap which the TAG-India is advocating for the UNDP Projects), only three are marketing them presently : M/s Khodiyar Potteries, Sihor, Gujarat has a capacity of 4,000 units/annum (shared with their sister concern M/s Parsuram Potteries, Morvi, Gujarat) and M/s Hindustan Sanitary Ware & Industries Ltd., Bahadurgarh, Haryana who have a higher capacity but all the three give a flat bottom for the trap (which adversely affects the flow of sewage and may help even deposit solids which should have been removed) and also give a bigger seal of 25 mm instead of 20 mm, needing more flushing water. M/s Tacel Ceramics Ltd., Tamil Nadu and M/s A.P. Sidco. Ltd., Andhra Pradesh, which state government public sector undertakings started production recently at the instance of the TAG-India are now producing 1,000 units of UNDP design per month and would be increasing it to the needed level as soon as the demand is firmed up not only for Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh but also the other States. 3 Non-ceramic Pan Trap Units At the instance of TAG India, glass fibre reinforced plastic (GRP), PVC and HDPE units of the design adopted in this Project have been developed as lighter and cheaper alternatives to ceramic units and suitable Indian Standards are also being considered for rationalisation and standardisation purposes with TAG-India as the convener. 31 GRP Units Though initially, there was hesitancy on the part of the manufacturers and moulders whether the fibreglass reinforced plastic (GRP) which was until then being used for such sophisticated items [ 79 ] ANNEX-13 Page 4 of Pages 5 PRESENT STATUS OF SANITARY-WARE INDUSTRY IN INDIA (Contd.) like bullet proof cars or helmets could be competitive enough to be a part of a low cost solution, with the persistent efforts of TAG-India, this versatile material brought even the cost of the ceramic units to onethird, to compete with GRP units. Because of the time and labour involved in getting the requisite smoothness of the trap interior surface and consequent costs, the combina- tion of GRP pan and HDPE trap has now been standardised and being adopted. To increase the scratch resistance property of the pan interior surface, several coatings have been tried and polyure- thane has established its place. As more than 20 hand moulded units have started production in one State (Andhra Pradesh) alone, for standardisation and quality control, at the instance of TAG-India and with its active co-operation, the Indian Standards Institution (lSI) is formulating the standards. More than 20,000 GRP units (more than 50% of the total units of UNDP design) have been installed so far even under the UNDP projects, the main moulders (more than 13,000 GRP units were supplied by the first moulder) being 1. M/s Unifibers Private Ltd., 17, SBI Colony, New Bakaram, Flyderabad-500380 ii. M/s Delhi Floorings (P) Ltd., 71/5-A, Shivaji Marg, New Delhi-110015 iii. M/s Rajasthan Synthetic Industries Ltd., Rituraj, Mirza Ismail Road. Jaipur-302001 iv. M/s Fibreglass Pilkington Ltd., 26, Commander-in-Chief Road, Post Box No. 757, Egmore, Madras Samples of these GRP units have been requested from more than 22 countries and it is expected that local manufacturing units would soon be installed there. 3.2 PVC units At the instance of TAG-India, M/s Wavin India Ltd., P. 0. Bag No. 118, Ambattur Industrial Estate, Madras-600058 have also developed PVC pans and traps, the former with and without polyurethane coating recently and about 500 units have been installed. 3.3 PVC and HDPE diversion chambers A junction chamber for leading the flow from the trap alternately to each of the pits is an essential part of the design of the Iowcost pourflush system advocated by TAG-India. Normally one inlet is closed either by a brick or mud or a temporary plug to stop the flow into that pit and this obstruction is removed when the other pit is full and this pit is to be used. Though it is a simple [ 80 ] ANN:BX-13 Page 5 of Pages 5 PRESENT STATUS OF SANITARY-WARE INDUSTRY IN INDIA (Contd.) operation, many householders preferred that this be done by a •scavenger' than by himself because of the likely contact with nightsoil in the chamber. Thus the main objective of this programme of elimination of scavenging or liberation of scavenger is foiled apart from increasing the cost of maintenance (though only once in 3 years). To obviate these and also help inculcating the self help motivation in the householders. a PVC/HOPE circular diversion chamber has been developed with three pipes which serve as inlet from trap and outlets to the two pits with a rotating device (just like the radiator cap in a car) which fully opens the inlet to one pit and closes completely the inlet to the second pit in one extreme position and when rotated to the other extreme position fully closes the inlet to the first pit and fully opens the inlet to the second pit. The bottom of the chamber (floor) is kept smooth and shaped such that even the smallest flows are led to to respective inlet pipes without any deposit in the chamber. Fabricated units are under trial and found to be satisfactory. Moulded units are expected to be much cheaper and more effective. [ 81 1 STATES CLASSIFIED BY THEIR PER CAPITA NET SDP (1977·78) (STATE DOMESTIC PRODUCT· AT FACTOR. COST-IN CURRENT PRICES) (Section 1.6 ) ALL INDIA· Rs. 1205 CATEGORY 1. States with SDP higher than 10% of NDP viz more than Rs. 1326 i. Punjab 2259 ii. Haryana 1898 iii. Maharashtra 1653 iv. Gujarat 1602 2. States with SDP higher than NDP upto 10% (rangeRs. 1326·1205) i. West Bengal 1284 11. *Himachal Pradesh 1262 iii. Karnataka 1231 3. States with SDP less than NDP upto 10% (rangeRs. 1205-1084) i. Tamil Nadu 1190 ii. *Tripura 1171 iii. Kerala 1166 iv. ~·J&K 1150 v. Rajasthan . 1144 4. States with SDP lower than 10% below NDP (less than Rs. 1084) 1. *Meghalaya 1056 11. *Nagaland 1049 iii. Andhra Pradesh 1008 iv. Orissa 993 v. *Assam 992 vi. Madhya Pradesh 973 vii. *Manipur 904 viii. Uttar Pradesh 869 IX. Bihar 757 X. Sikkim *Special Category States (SC) Classification by Groups GROUP A Special Category States (SC) GROUP B States of Category 1 GROUP C States of Categories 2 & 3 other than SC GROUP D States of Category 4 other than SC [ 82 ] l\L' ANNEX-15 ANDHRA PRADESH/NATIONAL INCOME AT CURRENT AND CONSTANT PRICES ( Section 1.6 ) Item 1960-61 1970-71 1977-78 1978-79 1979-80 1980-81 1981-82* 1982-83* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 I. At Current Prices 1. Andhra Pradesh Income 983 2,523 4,994 5,511 6,070 6,975 8,336 (Rs. Crores) 2. National Income 34,368 73,157 (Rs. Crores) (9.9) 3. Per Capita Andhra Pradesh 275 586 1,002 1,083 1,167 1,313 1,536 Income (Rs.) 4. Per Capita National Income (Rs.) 635 1,163 (7.6) n. At Constant (1970-71) Prices 1. Andhra Pradesh 1892 2,523 3,067 3,353 3,280 3,.447 3,896 3,896 Income (Rs. Crores) 2. National 34,368 433,095 Income (Rs. Crores) (7.4) 3. Per Capita Andhra Pradesh Income (Rs.) 530 5&6 616 659 631 649 718 718* 4. Per Capita National 635 690 Income (Rs.) (5.2) - NOTE: i) * Quick Estimates ii) Per Capita Income is worked out by adopting the population estimated on the growth rate observed in 1981 over 1971 population census iii) Figures in parentheses indicate parcentage changes over the previous year SOURCE: Bureau of Economics & Statistics, Govt. of Andhra Pradesh [ 83 ] ANNEX-16 THE POVERTY LINE (Sections 1.6 and 8.3.5) The concept of the poverty line was first conceived at the Indian Labour Conference in 1957 and was introduced in the Third Plan. A Working Group of the Planning Commission suggested in 1962 that those with a per capita monthly . expenditure of Rs. 20 (at 1960·61 prices) should be defined as poor. But this method was not incorpo- rated in the Fourth and Fifth Plans which only talked of improving the consumption level of the bottom 30 per cent people. Only in the Sixth Plan was the parameter of poverty clearly defined and its methodo- logy was appended in the technical note of the Plan document. The report published in 1979 defined the poverty line as the mid point of a monthly per capita expen- diture class having a daily calorie intake of 2,095 per person in urban areas which worked out to Rs. 75 per capita per month at 1977-78 prices. Those spending less than these sums were declared poor. This corresponded to the Ndtional Domestic Product (NDP) of Rs. 1,205 at factor cost in current prices and has been used in the Sixth Plan and Seventh Plan exercises. Andhra Pradesh (Inland Southern) is ranked as the third in the least developed regions of the country in the scores on development based on average of observations and has the average per capita monthly consumer expenditure of Rs. 43.77 and an average per capita calorie intake per day of 2,140)*. The poverty line for urban Andhra Pradesh corresponding to Rs. 75/- for All India mentioned above was fixed at Rs. 67 .45**. Andhra Pradesh with a State Domestic Product (SDP) of Rs. 1008 heads the states with SOP lower than 10% below NDP (viz. less than Rs. 1084/-). Based on 1982-83 current prices, the poverty lines for All India and Andhra Pradesh work out toRs. 119/- and Rs. 108/- respectively. Taking 5.5 as the household size as revealed by the 1983 household survey (Annex-29), the poverty lin.e for Andhra Pradesh households comes toRs. 594 or Rs. 600 per month. Incidentally, the low income group limit fixed by GOI and HUDCO is also Rs 600 p.m. As per the current policy of both GOI and GOA, all the scheduled caste and the scheduled tribe households are treated as below the poverty line. This is also justified in the case of as the size of the scheduled caste Andhra Pradesh scheduled tribe houscr hold is only 4.5 and thus the average SC/SThousehold monthly income comes toRs 486 or Rs. 500 much less than that of the average general household. Further, more than 64% of the SC/ST beneficiary house- holds do not have access to either a flush or dry latrine or electric or water connection and hardly 0.11% of the total households with flush latrines belong to SC/ST (Ann~xes 30 and 31). These considerations have been adopted in the determination of the financial pattern of assistance to the beneficiary households of the Project (Section 8.3.5). * Tewari, J.N., 'Note on Poverty Ratio and Development Index, Annex-11', Page 347 in 'Regional Dimensions oflndia's Economic Development, 1983-Proceedings of the Seminar sponsored by Planning Commission, Govt. of India and the State Planning Institute, Govt. of Uttar Pradesh and held at Nainital, India during April 22-24, 1982 ** Gupta, S.P.,. Padam Singh and Datta, K.L., 'Measurement of Poverty : A Development Index, Annex-III', Page 279, Ibid [ 84 ) ANNEX-17 COMMON MAN AND SANITATION -SUPREME COURT RULING (Section 1.10) A citizen can invoke Section 133 of the Criminal Procedure Code (according the historic judgement of the Supreme Court dated August 6, 1980, the Criminal Procedure Code operates against statutory bodies and others regardless of cash in their coffers even as human rights under Part III of the Constitu· tion relating to fundamental rights have to be respected by the State regardless of budgetary provision) against a civic body or any other statutory authority to compel it to fulfil its obligations to maintain sanitary conditions and to remove unlawful obstructions and other sources of public nuisance including pollution. Section 133 of Criminal Procedure Code empowers a district magistrate or a subdivisional magis- trate or a magistrate especially empowered by the State Govt. to make an order for removal within a given time of the public nuisance or unlawful obstruction. Non-compliance with such an order is punishable under Section 188 of the Indian Penal Code with imprisonment upto six montlls or fine upto Rs. 1000/-. The legislation governing the municipality by Section 123 enjoined on the civic body a duty to maintain sanitary conditions at public places and also to take steps for abating all public nuisances. According to the same Supreme Court judgment, Section 123 of the Municipality Act had no saving clause that it may not do its duties if it had no funds. "Otherwise a profligate statutory body or pachydermic governmental agency may legally defy duties under the law by urging in self defence a self created bankruptcy or perverted expenditure budget. Further, a public body constituted for the principal statutory duty of ensuring sanitation and health cannot outrage the court by an ugly plea like that the owners of the houses had gone to the locality of the choice with open eyes and could not complain if human excreta was flowing. Underlining that the dynamics of a judicial process has a new enforcement dimension not merely through some of the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code but also through activated tort conscious- ness, the Court observed that the officers in charge and even elected representatives will have to face the penalty of the Jaw if what the constitution and the followup legislation direct them to do are defied or denied wrongfully. The wages of violation is punishment, corporated and personnel. Public nuisance, because of pollutants being discharged by factories to the detriment of the poorer section, is a challenge to the social justice component of the rule of law. Likewise, the grievous failure of the local authorities to provide the basic amenity of public conveniences drives the slum dwellers to ease in the streets, Justice Krishna Iyer and Justice Chinnappa Reddy observed. "A responsible municipality constituted for the precise purpose of preserving public health and providing better finances cannot run away from its principal duty by pleading financial inability. Decency and dignity are non-negotiable facts of human rights and are the first charge on local self government bodies", they stated. [ 85 1 ANNEX-18 Page I of Pages 2 PUBLIC HEALTH & MUNICIPAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT (PHMED) (Sections Lll and 2.2.1) As already indicated in Section 2.2.1, PHMED investigates, designs and executes the water supply and sewerage schemes of the various municipal corporations and municipalities. They are taken up as deposit contribution tvorks with the funds placed at the dis· posal of this Department by the respective municipal corporations/municipalities which receive: loan/grant assistance to the extent of one-third cost of schemes from the State Government under "Plan Sector" and the balance two-thirds cost as loan assistance from L.I.C. of India. In addition to this, countervailing grant is given to all muncipal corporations and municipalities for their water supply schemes and sewerage schemes to offset the centage charges payable to this Depart·· ment. The Government also provide grants to the municipal corporations/municipalities for the repayment of loan premia to L.I C. of India. The municipal corporations/municipalities wiH however have to pay the interest component to the L.I.C. of India. The Municipalities draw the amounts and deposit the same with the concerned Executive: Engineer (Public Health). The organisational chart of the PHMED may be seen overleaf. The: schemes after completion are handed over to the respective municipalities for the operation and maintenance. The municipal engineers of the PHMED posted to the municipalities are in. charge of the maintenance of these schemes. The Executive Engineers (Public Health) will also periodically inspect the installations of the existing water supply and sewerage systems and suggest remedial measures wherever necessary to be carried out by the respective municipal corporations/ municipalities for proper upkeep of the schemes. Additional Activities Apart from these normal PHED activities, PHMED is also in charge of scrutiny, according technical sanction on works, supervision, and test check of all municipal works such as roads and buildings in all the municipalities and corporations excepting those in the Hyderabad Municipal Corporation. The Department is also incharge of M.I.G.H Schemes (Individual Sector) envisaged to disburse loans to individuals for construction of residential buildings within the limits of Hyderabad and Secunderabad. Sanction of fresh loans were discontinued from the year 1976. The details of the scheme are as follows : Particulars During year Since inception to 1982-83 end of 3/83 . 1. Total No. of loans sanctioned 892 2. No. of Houses completed 749 3. No. of Houses under construction 73 4. No. of Houses on which construction has not commenced so far 70 5. Amount sanctioned and released Rs. 184.01 lakhs 6. Amount sanctioned and disbursed Rs. 199.519 Iakhs 7. Collection towards payment of loan Rs. 9.87 Rs. 229.30 Iakhs lakhs [ 86 l ANNEX-18 Page 2 of Pages 2 ORGANISATIONAL CHART OF P. H. & M. E. DEPARTMENT, ANDHRA PRADESH (SHOWING S.Es. & E. E.s. IN CIRCLES & DIVNS.) CHIEF ENGINEER (PH) I I DEPUTY CHIEF ENGINEER "/ E. E. (DESIGNS) (S.E.) I 4 D. E. Es 4 D. E. Es l S. E (PH) 1 S. E (PH) S. E !PH) S. E lPH) s. EI(PH) I S. E (PH) '/ S. E (PH) VISAKHAPATNAM VIJAYWADA SPL. CIR. GUNTUR GUNTUR ANANTAPUR HYDERABAD WARANGAL I I I ~--,--1 I E. E(l & D) I E. E(PH) I E. E(PH) I E. E(l & D) E. EjPH) E. E(PH) E. E(M.I.G.H) E. E(PH) RAJAHMUNDRY RAJAHMUNDRY VIJAYAWADA GUNTUR GUNTUR HYDERABAD HYDERABAD NIZAMABAD 2 D. E. Es 4 D. E Es 3 D. E. Es 2 D. E. Es 4 D. E. Es 2 D. E. Es 2 D. E. Es E. E(PH) I E. E(PH) I E. E(PH) I E. E(PH) I E. E(PH) VISAKHAPATNAM SPL. DIVISION SPL. DIVISION TIRUPATHI KURNOOL 6 D. E. Es VIJAYAWADA GUNTUR 2 D. E. Es 4 D. E. Es 3D. E. Es 3 D. E. Es l E. E(PH) I E. E(PH) I E. E(PH) WARANGAL SPL. DIVISION KAREEM NAGAR 3 D. E. Es WARANGAL 4 D. E. Es 2 D. E. Es [ 87 ] ANNEX-19 Page 1 of Pages 12 EXTRACTS FROM THE ANDHRA PRADESH MUNICIPALITES ACT, 1965 (Section 2.2.3) Extracts from the relevant Sections of the Andhra Pradesh Municipalities Act, 1965 regarding con- stitution of municipal council and sanitation (including construction of latrines and conversion of dry latrines into water borne ones) as also the Rules embodied in Schedules II (Collection Recovery of Taxes) and Ill (Building Rules) of the Act are given below. There are no separate byelaws or regulations regarding sanitation. The administrative or executive orders of the State Government may be seen in Annex-24. A. CONSTITUTION OF MUNICIPAL COUNCIL 5. Constitution of Municipal Council :- (1) There shall be constituted for each Municipality a body of councillors to be called the Municipal Council having authority over the Municipality and consisting of such number of councillors as may be notified in the Andhra Pradesh Gazette by the Government in accordance with the following table, excluding the ex-officio councillors specified in S~b-section (2), the aldermen elected under Section 9 and the Chairman elected under Section 23. Municipalities with a population at the last census Number of Councillors Not less than 25,000 but not exceeding 30,000 20 Exceeding 30,000 but not exceeding 40,000 24 Exceeding 40,000 but not exceeding 50,000 28 Exceeding 50,000 but not exceeding 1,00,000 32 Exceeding 1,00,000 but not exceeding 2,00,000 36 Exceeding 2,00,000 but not exceeding 3,00,000 44 Exceeding 3,00,000 50 (2) (a) Every Member of the Legislative Assembly of the State representing a constituency of which a municipality or a portion thereof forms part, shall be ex-officio councillor of that municipality : Provided that a Member of the Legislative Assembly representing a constituency which comprises more than one municipality including a part of any municipality shall be ex-officio councillor of one such municipality which he chooses and he shall also have the right in speak in and otherwise to take part in the proceedings of any meeting of the other councils comprised within the constituency, but shall not be entitled to vote at any such meeting. (b) Every Member of the Legislative Council of the State whose name is entered in the elec- toral roll of a municipality shall be ex-officio councillor of that municipality. (3) All the councillors of every municipality, other than the ex-officio councillors, specified in Sub-section (2) and the Chairman elected under Section 23 shall be elected in the prescribed manner. [ 88 ] ANNEX-19 Page 2 of Pages 12 EXTRACTS FROM THE ANDHRA PRADESH MUNICIPALITES ACT, 1965 (Contd.) B. RECOVERY OF MUNICIPAL CLAIMS 130. Application of Schedule II The Rules and tables embodied in Schedule II shall be read as part of this chapter. COLLECTION OF TAXES Rule 29. 1. Where any tax, not being a tax in respect of which a notice has to be served undt~r Section 99 or Section 109 or in respect of which a direction has to be given under Rule 14, is due from any person, the Commissioner shall serve upon such person a bill for the SUJIIl due before he proceeds to enforce the provisions of Rule 30. 2. A notice under Section 99 or Section 109; and a bill under Sub-rule (1) shall be signed by the Commissioner and shall contain- (a) a statement of the period and a description of the occupation, property or thing for which the tax is charged; and (b) an intention of the liability to be incurred in default of payment. 3. Where a notice, bill or direction referred to in Sub-rule (1) has not been served or given either in the year in which the tax became due or in the succeeding year, the tax for the year first mentioned in this Sub-rule shall not be recovered in the manner laid down in RuJie 30: Provided that where the assessment books have been amended under Rule 4, the notice, bill or direction, as the case may be, may be given either in the year in which the amendment was made or in the succeeding year. 4. Nothing in this rule or in Rule 30 shall preclude the Council from suing in a civil court for any tax due to it under this Act. Rule 30. I. If the amount due on account of any tax is not paid within fifteen days from the service of the notice or bill or the giving of the direction referred to in Sections 99 and 109 and Rules 14 and 29 and if the person from whom the tax is due has not shown cause to the satisfac:- tion of Commissioner why it should not be paid, the Commissioner may recover by distraint under his warrant and sale of the movable property of the amount due on accoulllt of the tax together with the warrant fee and the distraint fee; and with such further sum as will satisfy the probable charges that will be incurred in connection with the detention and sale of the property so distrained : Provided that movable property described in the provision to Section 60 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall not be liable to distraint. 2. If for any reason the distraint, or a sufficient distraint, of the defaulter's property is impracticable, the Commissioner may prosecute the defaulter before a magistrate. [ 89 ] ANNBX-19 Page 3 of Pages 12 EXTRACTS FROM THE ANDHRA PRADESH MUNICIPALITES ACT, 1965 (Contd.) 3. The warrant under Sub-rule (1) shall be in the form contained in Appendix-A to these rules or in some similar form and for each such warrant, a fee of twelve paise shall be levied. 4. Under a special order in writing of the Commissioner, any officer charged with execution of a warrant of distress may, between sun rise and sunset, break open any outer or inner door or window of building in order to make the distress, if he has reasonable ground for believing that such building contains property which is liable to seizure; and if, after notifying his authority and purpose and duly demanding admittance he cannot otherwise obtain admittance : Provided that such officer shall not enter or break open the door of arty apartment appropriated to women, until he has given three hours notice of his intention and has given such women an opportunity to withdraw. 364. Recovery of sums due as taxes All costs, damages, penalties, compensation charges, fees other than school fees, expenses, rents, contributions and other sums which under this Act or any other law or rules or bye-laws made thereunder or under any contract in respect of water supply or drainage, made in accordance with this Act, the rules or bye-laws, are due by any person to the Council, may, if there is no special provision in this Act for their recovery, be demanded by bill as provided in the rules in Schedule II and recovered in the manner provided therein. C. PUBLIC DRAINAGE 147. Maintenance of system of drainage by Council The Council shall, so far as the funds at its disposal may permit, provide and maintain a sufficient system of public drains. 148. Owners of buildings to pay for clearanca of sullage fmm their buildings by connecting their house drains with public drains 1. For the discharge of drainage from private premises by connecting house drains with Muni- cipal drains, payment shall be made under any one of the bases mentioned in Sub-section (2) which the Council may, by resolution, specify, at such times, and on such conditions as may be laid down in the bye-laws made by the Council and shall be recoverable in the same manner as the property tax. 2. The basis referred to in Sub-section ( 1) shall be the following : a. a monthly rent at such rate for each building as may be laid down in the bye-laws; b. such percentage of the capital value of the building as may be laid down in the bye- laws; or c. the number of taps allowed, irrespective of the quantity of water consumed. [ 90 ] ANNEX-19 Page 4 of Pages I 2 EXTRACTS FROM THE ANDHRA PRADESH MUNICIPALITES ACT, 1965 (Contd.) D. PRIVATE DRAINAGE 149. Control over house drains, privies and cess pools All house drains whether within or outside the premises to which they belong and all privaite latrines and cess pools within the municipality shall be under the eontrol of the Council but shall b~ altered, repaired, cleansed and kept in proper order at the expense of the owner of the premises to which the same belong or for the use of which they were constructed and in conformity with bye-laws and regulations framed by the Council in this behalf. 150. Connection of bouse drains with public drains 1. The Chairman shall, on application by the owner or occupier of any premises or the owne:r of a private street, arrange in accordance with the bye-laws for the connection of the appli- cant's drain with any public drain at a distance not exceeding one hundred meters therefrom at the applicant's expense. 2. If there is a public drain or out-fall within a distance not exceeding thirty meters of the nearest point on any premises, or if within such distance a public drain or outfall is about to be provided or is in the process of construction, the Chairman may, by notice, direct the owner of the said premises to construct a drain leading therefrom to such drain or place of outfall and to execute all works as may be neeessary in accordance with the bye-laws and regulations at such owner's expense. 3. If any premises are, in the opinion of the Chairman, without sufficient means of effectual drainage, but no part thereof is situated within thirty meters of a public drain or its place of out·fall, the Chairman may by notice direct the owner of the said premises to construct a cesspool or septic tank or filters of such material, dimensions and description, in such position and at such level, as the Chairman thinks necessary and to construct a drain or drain:s emptying into such cesspool, tank or filters and to execute all such works as may be necessary in accordance with the bye-laws and regulations : Provided that a. no requisition shall be made under this section on any person who has been exempted from payment of the property tax under Sub-section {5) of Section 88; and b. no person shall be required under this section to expend a sum exceeding ten times the property tax on any such building, with the land assessed with it as part of the same premises or, in the case of buildings exempted under Seetion 88, ten times the property tax which would be payable on such building with the land which would be assessed with it to the property tax if such building were not exempt; and if any amount exceeding the said sum is expended, the excess shall be borne by the Council. [ 91 ] ANNEX-19 Page 5 of Pages 12 EXTRACTS FROM THE ANDHRA PRADESH MUNICIPALITES ACT, 1965 (Contd.) 151. Commissioner may close or limit the use of existing private drains 1. Where a drain connecting any premises with a public drain or other place set apart by the Council for discharge of drainage is sufficient for the effectual drainage thereof and is other- wise unobjectionable, but is not, in the opinion of the Commissioner, adapted to the general drainage system of the municipality in which such drain is situated, the Commissioner, with the approval of the Council, may-- a. subject to the provisions of Sub-section (2) close, discontinue or destory the said drain and do any work necessary for that purpose; or b. direct that such drain shall, from such date as he specifies in this behalf, be used for sullage and sewage only or for water unpolluted with sullage or sewage only, and by notice require the owner of the premises to make, at his own expense, an entirely dis· tinct drain for water unpolluted with sullage or sewage or for sullage and sewage; 2. No drain may be closed, discontinued or destroyed by the Commissioner under clause (a) of Sub-section (1), except on condition of his providing another drain as effectual for the drain- age of the premises and communicating with a public drain or other place afore-said; and the expense of the construction of any drain so provided by the Commissioner and of any work done under clause (a) of Sub-section (1) shall be paid by the Council. 152. Power of Commissioner to drain premises in combination 1. When the Commissioner is of opinion that any group or block of premises, any part of which is situated within thirty meters of a municipal drain already existing or about to be provided or in the process of construction, may be drained more economically or advantageously in combination than separately, the Commissioner may cause such group or block of premises to be drained and the expenses incurred by the Commissioner in so doing shall be paid by the owners in such proportions as the Commissioner may decide. 2. Not less than fifteen days before any work under this section is com1,11enced, the Commissioner shall give notice to the owners of : a. the nature of the intended work; b. the estimated expenses thereof; and c. the proportion of such expenses payable by each owner. 3. The owners, for the time being, of the several premises constituting a group or block, drained under Sub-section (1), shall be the joint owners of every drain constructed, erected or fixed, or continued for the special use and benefit only of such premises and shall, in the proportion in which it is determined that they are to contribute to the expenses incurred by the Commis- sioner under Sub-section (1) be responsible for the expense of maintaining every such drain in good repair and efficient condition. [ 92 ] ANNEX-19 Page 6 of Pages 12 EXTRACTS FROM THE ANDHRA PRADESH MUNICIPALITES ACT, 1965 (Contd.) 153. Building etc., not to be erected without permission oyer drains I. Without the permssion of the Council, no person shall place or construct any fence, building, culvert, drain covering, drain or other structure or any street, railway or cable over, under, in or across, any public drain, or stop up, divert, obstruct or in any way interfere with, any public drain, whether it passes through public or private ground. 2. The Commissioner may remove or otherwise deal with anything placed or constructed in contravention of Sub-section (1) as he shall think fit and the cost of so doing shall be recover- able from the owner thereof in the manner provided in Section 364. 154. Constructhm e>f culverts !)r drain~~overings by owner or occupier 1. The Commissioner may by notice require the owner or occupier of any building or land ~djoining apublic street to co~struct culverts or drain-coverings over the side-channels or ditches at the entrances to the said building or land. 2. All culverts or drain-coverings or pails maintained over side ehannels or ditches by the owners or occqpiers of adjacent buildings or lands shall be of such form and size and consist of such materials and be provided with such means of ventilation as the Commtssioner maY by notice require and shall be maintained and kept free from all obstructions at the expen~e of the said owners or occupiers. 155. Power to regulate discharge of water from building or land 1. The owner or occupier of any building in a public street shall, within fifteen days after receipt of notice in that behalf from the Commissioner, put up and thenceforward, keep and maintain in good condition proper troughs and pipes built and fixed in accordance with the direction:;, if anY, issued by the Commissioner or contained in the bye-laws of the Council for catching and carrying the water from the roof and other parts of such building and for discharging such water in such manner as the Commissioner may permit. 2. For the purposes of efficiently draining any building or land, the Commissioner may, by notice- a. require any courtyard, alley oi: passage between two or more b1,1ildings to be paved by the owners of such buildings with such materials and in such manner as may be approved by him; and · b. require such pavement to be kept in proper repair. F. PUBLIC LATRINES 156. Provision of public )~trines ~nd u.rin,als The Council shall, as far as the funds at its disposal may permit, provide and maintain in [ 93 ] ANNEX-19 Page 7 of Pages 12 EXTRACTS FROM THE ANDHRA PRADESH MUNICIPALITES ACT, 1965 (Contd.) proper and convenient places a sufficient number of public latrines and urinals and shall cause the same to be daily cleansed and kept in proper order. G. PRIVATE LATRlNES 157. Provision oflatrines by owner or occupier 1. The municipal health officer may, by notice, require the owner or occupier of any building within the time specified in such notice to provide a latrine or alter or remo'Ve from an unsuitable place any existing latrine in accordance with the direction contained in such notice for the use of the persons employed in or about or occupying such building and to keep it clean and in proper order. 2. Every owner or occupier of the ground on which any group of six or more huts stands shall provide latrines of such description and in such positiorn as the municipal health officer may by notice require within such time as may be fixed in the notice for the use of the inhabitants of such huts. 3. Where the owner or occupier of building or ground has made any default in providing any such latrine within the time specified, the Council may construct the latrine and may direct that the expense of constructing it shall be recovered in the same manner as the property tax. 158. Provision of latrines for labourers Every person employing workmen, labourers or and other persons exceeding ten in number, shall provide and mamtain, for the separate use of persons of each sex so employed, latrines of such description and number and in such position, as the municipal health officer may, by notice require within such time as may be fixed in the notice, 159. Provision of latrines for markets, cart-stands, cattle-sheds, choultries, etc. The municipal health officer may by notice require the owner or manager of a market, cart· stand, cattle-shed, choultry, theatre, railway station, dock, wharf or other place of public resort within the time specified in such notice to provide and mairntain for the separate use of persons of of each sex, latrines of such description and number and in such postion as may be specified in such notice. 160. Latrines to be screened from view and kept clean All latrines shall be so constructed as to screen persons using the same and the filth from the view of the persons passing by or residing in the neighbourhood and shall be kept clean and in proper order. [ 94 ] ANNEX-1·~ Page 8 of P:ages 12 EXTRACTS FROM THE ANDHRA PRADESH MUNICIPALITES ACT, 1965 (Contd.) 161. Power to carry wire, pipes, drains, etc, through private property subject to causing as little incon- venience as possible and paying for direct damage The Commissioner may carry any cable, wire, pipe, drain or channel of any kind to establish or maintain any system of drainage, water-supply or lighting, through, across, under, or over any road, street or place laid out for a road or street, and after giving reasonable notice to the occupier through, across, under, over or up the side of any laud or building in the municipality and may place and maintain posts. poles. standards, brackets, or other contrivances, to support win:s and lights on any pole or post in the municipality not vested in the Government and may do all acts necessary or expedient for repairing or maintaining any such cable, wire, pipe, drain, channel, post, pole, standard, bracket, or other similar contrivance in an effective state for the purpose of which it is intended to be used or for removing the same. Provided that such work shall be done so as to cause the least practicable nuisance or incon- venience to any person; Provided further that the Commissioner shall, with the sanction of the Council, pay compen- sation to any person who sustains damage by the exercise of such power. 162. Prohibition against making connection with mains without permission 1. No person shall, without the permission of the Commissioner make any connection with any municipal cable, wire, pipe, drain channel or with the connection of any other person. 2. The Commissioner may by notice require any connection made in contravention ofsub-section (1) to be demolished, removed, closed, altered or remade. I 64. Council to arrange for the removal of rubbish and filth and for the preparation and sale of com- post The Council shall make adequate arrangements for : a. the regular sweeping and cleansing of the streets and removal of sweepings therefrom; b. the daily removal of filth and the carcasses of animals from private premises; c. the daily removal of rubbish from dust bins and private premises; and with this object, it shall provide: 1. depots for the deposits of filth, rubbish and the carcasses of animals; ii. covered vehicles or vessels for the removal of filth; iii. vehicles or other suitable means for the removal of the carcasses of large animals and rubbish; and iv. dustbins for the temporary deposit of rubbish. [ 95 ] ANNEX-19 Page 9 of Pages 12 EXTRACTS FROM THE ANDHRA PRADESH MUNICIPALITES ACT; 1965 (Contd.) d. utilization of road sweepings, rubbish and filth for preparation of compost and its sale; and. e. the utillization of carcasses of animals for the supply of bones for the purpose of manures and its sale. 165. Contribution from persons having control over places of pilgrimage Where a mosque, temple. mutt, or any place of religious worship or instruction or any place which is used for holding fairs, festivals or for other like purposes, is situated within the limits of a municipality or in the neighbourhood thereof and attracts either throughout the year or on parti- cular occasions a large number of persons any special arrangements necessary for public health, safety or convenience whether permanent or temporary shall be made by the Council and the Council may require the trustee or other person having control over such place to make such recurring or non-recurring contribution as the Government may determine to the funds of the Council. 166. Prohibition of improper disposal of carcasses, rubbish and filth No person shall, after due provision has been made under Section 164 by the Council for deposit and removal of the same: a. deposit the carcasses of animals, rubbish or filth in any street, or on the vernandah of any building, or on any un-occupied ground alongside any street, or any public quarry, jetty or landing place, or on the bank of water-course or tank or b. deposit filth or carcasses of animals in any dustbin or in any vehicle not intended for the removal of the same; or c. deposit rubbish in any vehicle or vessel intended for the removal of filth save for the purpose of deodorizing or disinfecting the filth. 167. Prohibition against keeping night·soil etc. No owner or occupier of any premises shall keep or allow to be kept for more than forty-eight hours night soil, putrid or putrifying substances or any offensive matter on such permises of any building or on the roof thereof or in any out-building or any place thereof, or fail to comply with any requisition of the municipal health officer as to the construction, repair, paving or cleansing of any latrine, on or belonging to, his premises. 168. Prohibition against allowing outflow of filth No owner or occupier of any premises shall allow from any sink, drain, latrine or stable, or any other filth to flow out of such premises to any portion of a street except a drain or a cess-pool or to flow out of such premises in such manner as to cause an avoidable nuisance by the soakage of of the said water or filth into the walls or ground at the side of a drain forming a portion of a street. [ 96 ] ANNEX-19 Page 10 of Pag1~s 12 :EXTRACTS FROM TilE ANDHRA PRADESH MUNICIPALITES ACT, 1965 (Contd.) 169. Prejhibition agabrst using any cart without cover for the l'emovat off'ilth etc No person shall, in the removal offitth, use any cart or receptacle not having a proper covering for preventing the escape of the contents thereof, or of the stench therefrom, or intentionally or negligently spills any filth in the removal thereof, or omit carefully to sweep and clean every place in which any such filth has been spilled or placed or set down in any pubhc place any filth whe- ther in a vesselclosed·or open. 170. Prohibition against throwing rubbish or filth into drains No person shall put or cause to be put any rubbish or filth into any public drain not intended for Tubbish or fifth or into ony drain communicating with any such public drain. F: BUILDING RULES 230. Application of schedule III The rules embodied in Schedule HI sh.aJ.l be read as part of this chapter. Rule 10 (ii) Bath-a-ooms, water closets and stores and garages The height of all such rooms measured from the floor to the lowest point in the ceilling shall not be less than 2.25 m. Nothing on the ground floor shaH be constructed in such a way as to leave a headway ,less than 2.25 m. Rule 11 (iii) Bathroom and water closet The size of bath-room shall not be less than 1.2 X 1.2 m. and where it is combined bath and water closet, its floor area shall not be less than 2.5m 2 • The size of water closet shall not be less than L2 X 1.0 m. This rule shall apply to all constructions, reconstructions and additions to buildings. Rule 14. Drains and sanitary conveniences Every building shall be provided with means for the effectual drainage of storm water, sullage and sewage from the premises and sufficient and suitable sanitary convenienc<:: for the use of the occupants of the building. Note : The drainage arrangements and the sanitary conveniences shall he in accordance with such rule:11 or bye-laws.as may be made in that behalf. H. SPECIAL RULES FOR WELLS 17. Special rule for well 1. A well in any site intended to supply water for human consumption purposes shall be of a pucca construction with a structurally sound material and comply with the following require- ments: namely: [ 97 ] ANNEX-19 Page 11 of pages 12 EXTRACTS FROM THE ANDHRA PRADESH MUNICIPALITIES ACT, 1965 (Contd.) A well shall be i. not less than 10m from any ash pit, refuse pit, earth closet or privy and shall be located on a site upwards from the earth closet or privy; ii. not less than 15 m from any ash pit, soakway or bore-hole latrine and shall be located on a site, upwards from cess pit or soakway of borehole latrine; iii. so situated that the movement of subsoil or other water is not likely to contaminate the well water; iv. of a minimum internal diameter of not less than one metre; and v. not located under a tree, and if it is so localised it should have a canopy over it so that leaves and twigs may not fall into the well and rot; Provided that the above conditions do not apply to a kutcha well of a semi-perma- nent nature which shall be permitted only in fields or gardens for purposes of irrigation. 2. The top of the head of the well shall be raised above the level of the adjoining ground to form a parapet or kerb and to prevent surface water from flowing into a well and shall be surrounded with paving constructed of impervious material which shall extend for a distance of not less than 1.5 m in every direction from the parapet or from the well head and the upper surface of a paving shall be sloped away from the well. 3. The interior surface of the lining or walls of the well shall be rendered impervious for a depth of not less than 2 m measured from the level of the ground immediately adjoining the head. I. EXEMPTIONS 18. Power of Government to exempt buildings The Government may, either suo·moto or an application, exempt any building or class of building or buildings of any institution or organisation, from the operation of all or any of the provisions of these rules; Provided that where the construction of a building is started in contravention of the rules, no such exemption shall be granted in respect of such building. J. BYE-LAWS 330. Powers of Council to make bye-laws The Council may make byelaws, not inconsistent with this Act or with any other law, to provide- e•••••••••••••••e• [ 98 ] ANNEX-19 Page 12 of pages ll2 EXTRACTS FROM THE ANDHRA PRADESH MUNICIPALITES ACT, 1965 (Contd.) 7. e. for the construction of cess-pools, septic-tanks, filters and drains; 8. for the cleansing of latrines, earth-closets, ash pits and cess-pools and the keeping of latrim:s supplied with sufficient water for flushing; 331. Power to give retrospective effect to certain by-laws Bye-laws with regard to the drainage of and supply of water to, buildings and water-closets, earth-closets, privies, ash·pits and cess-pools in connection with buildings and the keeping of water-closets supplied with sufficient water for flushing may be made so as to affect buildings erected before passing of the bye-laws of this Act. 332. Conditions precedent to making bye-laws The Council shall, before making or altering bye-laws, publish draft of the proposed by-laws and alterations together with a notice specifying a date at or after which such draft will be takelll into consideration; and shall, before making the bye-laws or alterations, receive and consider any objection or suggestion or which may be made inrespect of such draft by any person interested therein before the date so specified. 333. Confirmation of bye-laws by Government 1, No bye-law or cancellation or alteration of a bye-law shall have effect until the same is appro- ved and confirmed by the Government. 2. Any bye-law or cancellation or alteration of a bye-law when it is duly confirmed shall b1: published in the prescribed manner in English and in the main language of the district and shall come into operation three months after it is so published. [ 99 1 ANNEX-20 Page 1 of Pages 3 HYDERABAD METROPOLITAN WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE BOARD (Section 2.2.4) The Hyderabad Metropolitan Water Supply and Sewerage Board was formed in the year 1982 under A.P. Act No. 6 of 1982 with the specific intention of keeping the Water Supply and Sewerage Services to Twin Cities of Hyderabad and Secunderabad under a single agency for investigation, design, execution and maintenance. This act was however repealed by A.P. Ordinance No. 3 of 1983. A fresh bill to reconstitute the Board is under examination by the State Legislature. Relevant sections of the Hyderabad Metropolitan Water Supply and Sewerage Act 1982 relating to the constitution, functions and powers are extracted below : CONSTITUTION AND COMPOSITION OF THE HYDERABAD METROPOLITAN WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE BOARD 3. (I) a. The Government shall, as soon as may be after the commencement of this charter, by notifica- tion constitute a Board by the name of "The Hyderabad Metropolitan Water Supply and Sewerage Board". b. The Board shall be a body corporate having perpetual succession and a common seal, with power, subject to the provisions of this Act and the rules made thereunder, to acquire, hold and dispose of property and enter into contracts; and shall by the said name sue and be sued. c. For the purposes of this Act and the Land Acquisition Act 1984, the Board shall be deemed to be a local authority. (2) The Board shall consist of the following Members, to be appointed by the Government, namely: a. one shall be a person who has experience of and has shown capacity in commercial matters and administration; b. one shall be a person with wide experience in the -field of public health engineering with reference to water supply, sewerage and sewage:disposa1 and industrial wastes; c. one shall be a person who has experience of accounting and financial matters in a public utility undertaking, d. three officials representing the Housing, Municipal Administration & Urban Development Department and the Finance & Planning Department of the Government; and the Municipal Corporation of Hyderabad; and e. three non-officials, including Members of the Parliament and the State Legislature. (3) One of the members possessing any of the qualifications specified in clauses (a)1 (b) and (c) of Section (2) shall be appointed by the Government to be the Chairman of the Board. (4) No act done by the Board shall be called in question on the ground only of the existence of any vacancy in or defect in the constitution of the Board. [ 100 ] ANNEX-20 Page 2 of Pages 3 HYDERABAD METROPOLITAN WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE BOARD (Contd.) GENERAL DUTIES OF THE BOARD 13. (1) It shall be the duty of the Board to provide, supply and improve the existing supply of watt~r in the Hyderabad Metropolitan Area and to make adequate provision for the sewerage and disposal of the sewage of the Hyderabad Metropolitan Area : and for the efficient discharge of such duty, the Board shall exercise such powers and perform such functions as are conferred or imposed by or under this Act. {2) Without prejudice to the generality of the provisions of the Sub-section ( l) the Board shaH take steps from time to time- a. for ascertaining the sufficiency and wholesomeness of water supplies within the Hyderabad Metropolitan Area; b. for preparing and carrying out schemes for the supply of wholesome water for domestiic purposes within the Hyderabad Metropolitan Area; and c. for preparing and carrying out schemes for the proper sewerage and the disposal of the sewage in the Hyderabad Metropolitan Area; Provided that no scheme under clause (b) or clause (c) estimated to cost more than a crore of rupees shall be carried out by the Board except with the previous approval of the Government. (3) A scheme under clause (b) of Sub-section (2) shall, inter alia, make provision a. for the supply of wholesome water in pipes to every part of the Hyderabad Metropolitan Area in which there are houses for the domestic purposes of the occupants thereof; and for taking the pipes affording the supply to such point or points as will enable the houses to be connected thereto at a reasonable cost; so however, that it shall not require the Board to do anything which is not practicable at a reasonable cost or to provide such a supply to any part of the Hyderabad Metropolitan Area where such a supply is already available at the point or points aforesaid; b. for the supply, as far as possible, of wholesome water otherwise than in pipes to any part of the Hyderabad Metropolitan Area in which there are houses for the domestic purposes of the occupants thereof; and to which it is not practicable to provide a supply in pipes at a reason- able cost; and in which danger to health arises from the insufficiency or unwholesomeness of the existing supply and a public supply is required and can be provided at a reasonable cost; and for securing that such supply is available within a reasonable distance of every house in that part. (4) If any question arises under clause (a) of Sub-section (3) as to whether anything is or is not practi- cable at a reasonable cost or as to the point or points to which pipes must be taken in order to [ 101 1 ANNEX-20 Page 3 of page 3 HYDERABAD METROPOLITAN WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE BOARD (Contd.) enable houses to be connected to them at a reasonable cost or under clause (b) of the said sub- section, as to whether a public supply can be provided at a reasonable cost, the decision of the Government thereupon shall be final; and the Board shall give effect to every such decision, (5) Without prejudice to the provisions of Sub-sections ( 1), (2) and (3), the Board shall, for the pur- poses of securing as far as is reasonably practicable, that every house has a sufficient supply of wholesome water for domestic purposes, exercise its powers under this Act of requiring the owners of houses to provide a supply of water thereto. GENERAL PRINCIPLES FOR BOARD'S FINANCE BOARD'S FINANCE, ACCOUNTS AND AUDIT 14. (1) For carrying on its operations under this Act, the Board shall levy rates, fees, rentals and other charges and shall vary such rates, fees, rentals and other charges from time to time in order to provide sufficient revenue : a. to cover operating expenses, taxes and interest payments and to provide for adequate mainte- nance and depreciation; b. to meet repayments of loans and other borrowings; c. to finance normal year to year improvements; and d. to provide for such other purposes beneficial to the promotion of water supply and disposal of sewage in the Hyderabad MetropolitanJArea as the Board may determine. (2) No part ofthe revenues ofthe Board, after meeting the expenses referred to in clauses (a), (b) and (c) ofthe Sub-section {1), shall be used to augment the reserves of the Board, other than the reserves referred to in Sections 20 and 21, or for the general purposes of the Board including, expenses in connection with capital works, other than improvement works. [ 102 I ANNEX-21 PIPED WATER SUPLY ARRANGEMENTS IN PROJECT TOWNS (Section 2.3.1) WATER CHARGES Municipality Source of supply Quantity Per Capita Hours of No. of Service Domestic Non Domestic (metered) No. of Public inmld Supply in lpcd supply Connections (unmetered) per 1,000 gallons Stand Posts Designed Present Metered/ 1st 2nd 3rd Resi- Shops & Indus- Non Resi- Unmetered Tap Tap Tap dential Commer- trial dential Hotels cial under- Buildings Establish- takings ments 1 Adilabad Mavala Tank 2.41 255 45 8 1,540 6 5 4 5 6 7 5 100 2. Amalapuram Canal 0.64 172 18 4 1,624 3. Anakapalle Infiltration Galleries & Wells 3.20 90 40 6 4 3 2 5 5 5 s 234 4. Bapatla Perali Thummalasakhap Channel 4.32 205 77 4 1,677 10 8 7 7.30 7.30 7.30 3.40 5. Bheemunipatnam Gosthani River 1.64 259 45 6 950 5 4 3 5 5 10 5 102 6. Dharmavaram Infiltration Wells 2.45 86 55 3 981 6 5 4 5 5 10 5 105 7. Gadwal River Krishna 1.59 295 50 3 2,240 6 5 4 4.50 5 6 3 298 8. Gudivada Canal 4.36 114 55 6 1,327 7 6 5 8 8 8 8 200 9. Guntakal Open Wells 1.95 123 23 2 4,200 6 6 6 3 3 4 3 400 10. Karimnagar Infiltration Galleries 6.36 164 114 3 442 11. Kavali Kavali Canal 1.59 114 32 6 5,200 8 4 3 8 8 8 8 255 12. Khammam Surface Water from River Manair 7.27 136 73 3.5 660 10 9 8 8 8 8 8 150 13. Madanapalle Infiltration Gallery & Wells in Bahud River 2.14 132 86 4 3,532 4 3 2 4 5 6 4 276 14. Mahabubnagar Ground Water & Surface Flow of Kotha Cheruvu in Tank 6.36 73 58.5 3 2,547 7 5 3 11.40 11.40 11.40 9.10** 279 15. Nandyal K.C. Canal 0.91 155 10 8 3,156 6 5 4. 13.50 13.50 13.50 5.60 234 16. Ongole Gundlakamma River 4.09 45 50 4 1,998 6 5 4 4 5 6 4 390 17. Proddatur Infiltration Wells in River Pennar 6.09 127 57 7 1,898 15 10 7.5 120 18. Sangareddy Manjira Water Supply Scheme 3.64 132 114 8 2,087 5 4 3 3.10 6 6 3.10 230 19. Srikakulam Infiltration Gallery in River Nagavelli 4.65 100 68 8 2,480 6 5 4 244 20. Tadepalligudem Eluru Irrigation Channel 3.59 186 59 4 2,213* * Includes 97 metered connections charged at Rs. 1.50 per 1000 litres with a minimum monthly charge of Rs. 20/- ** Minimum mothly charge Rs. 30.00 NOTE: ( i) ARV limit for water tax exemption is Rs. 100/- for Proddatur town (ii) ARV limit for water tax exemption is Rs. 60/- for all the other Towns [ 103 ] ANNEX-22 TOWNS SEWERED AN WHERE SEWERAGE SCHEMES ARE IN PROGRESS IN ANDHRA PRADESH AS ON APRIL 1, 1984 (Section 2.3.2) - ------- Town District 1981 Census Urban Categorisation according to Approxmate Population 1981 Census State Administrative Percentage Gradation area/population covered % 1 2 3 4 5 6 A. TOWNS SEWERED 1. Eluru West Godavari 1,68,154 Class I City Selection Grade Municipality 30 2. Guntur Guntur 3,67,699 -do- -do- 50 *3. Hyderabad Hyderabad and 21,42,087 -do- Municipal Corporation 60 Rangareddi 4. Nell ore Nellore 2,37,065 -do- ' Selection Grade Municipality 30 5. Tenali Guntur 1,19,257 -do- Special Grade Municipality 30 6. Vijayawada Krishna 5,43,008 -do- Municipal Corporation 30 *7. Vishakhapattanam Vishakhapattanam 6,03,630 -do- Municipal Corporation 10 B. SEWERAGE AUGMENTATION SCHEMES ARE ALSO IN PROGRESS IN THE CITIES OF HYDERABAD* AND VISHAKHAPATTANAM* [ 104 ] ANNEX-23 Page 1 of Pages 2 TENTATIVE PROPOSALS FOR ANDHRA PRADESH DECADE PROGRAMME (Section 2.3.3) A. GENERAL ABSTRACT Description Sector Water Supply Sanitation Agency Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total 1. Physical Targets for 1981-90 (Population in thousands) i. Population served as on 31-03-1981 PR 990 Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil PH 5,918 16,740 23,648 1,400 Nil 1,400 6,908 16,740 23,648 1,400 Nil 1,400 (62.54%) (41.50%) ( 46.00%) ( 12.67%) (2.72%) ii. Population provided but needing augmentation during 1981-90 5,433 Nil 5,433 Nil Nil Nil iii. Population yet to be provided as PR 1,044 2,034 on 1-4-81 PH 3,093 7,61 I 4,137 21,595 27,732 9,645 40,335 49,980 iv. Increase in population during 1981-90 PR 594 594 (10 years) PH 2,631 2,631 3,225 5,387 8,612 3,225 5,387 8,612 v. Additional population which could be served by the existing systems Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil vi. Population to be served in 1981-90 PR 1,638 2,090 by new systems PH 5,724 7.926 7,362 28,982 36.344 10.016 11,430 21,446 vii. Total population projected for 1991 PR 2,628 2,628 PH 11,642 11,642 14,270 45,722 59,992 14,270 54,772 59.992 viii. Total population not to be covered PR (-) Nil (-) Nil (-) Nil (-) 526 in 1981·90 as per the Decade Targets PH (-) Nil (-) Nil (-)Nil (-) 2,328 (-) 2.854 (-) 34,292 (-) 37,146 ix. Total Targeted Population to be served PR 2,628 2,090 as on 31-03-1981 PH 11,642 1,926 14,270 45,722 59,992 10,016 11,480 21,446 x. Percentage coverage as on 31-03-1991 100 100 100 80 25 38.08 105 ANNEX-23 Page 2 of Pages 2 TENTATIVE PROPOSALS FOR ANDHRA PRADESH DECADE PROGRAMME (Contd.) Description Sector Water Supply Sanitation Agency Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total 2. Financial Targets for 1981-90 (Cost in Rs. thousands) New facilities PR 3,27,285 4,23,450 PH 16,77,650 20,04,935 42,81,600 62,86,535 24,96,920 5,71,500 30;68,420 Augmentation PH 6,59,589 OTHERS 3,35,476 9,95,065 - 9,95,065 Total 30,00,000 42,81,600 72,81,600 24,96,920 5.71,500 30,68,420 B. ORGANIZATIONS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE SECfOR PROGRAMME DURING THE DECADE Functional Urban Rural Urban Rural Responsibility Water supply Water supply Sanitation Sanitation A. Project PH, PR, UP PR,GP PH, MC, PR, UP PR,GP Identification B. Project PH,PR PR PH, MC, PR ;PR Preparation c. Project PH,PR PR PH, MC,PR PR Execution D. Project PH,PR PR PH,MC, PR PR Monitoring and Evaluation E. Project PH, LB, PR GP,PR PH,LB GP Operation and Maintenance PH - Public Health & Municipal Engineering Department MC - Municipal Corporation LB - Local Bodies PR - Panchayat Raj Engineering Department UP - Urban Panchayat GP - Gram Panchayat [ 106 ] ANNEX-24 Page 1 of Pages 29, GOA ADMINISTRATIVE/EXECUTIVE ORDERS REGARDING PROVISION, CONSTRUCTION OR CONVERSION OF LATRINES (Section 2.4.2) The Andhra Pradesh State Government have issued administrative or executive orders regarding the provision and construction of flush latrines or conversion of dry latrines into flush latrines from time to time as detailed below : A.P. Govt. Communication Dated Subject 1. G.O. Ms No. 182 MA 2nd March, 1981 Sanitation-Municipal Councils-Conversion/construction of water seal (Annex-24 (i); Pages 109 to 113) latrines-sanction of loans from 'Revolving Fund to owner of houses Guidelines-Approved Appendix- Guidelines for Sanction of Loan from the Revolving Fund to the houseowners for taking up construction of water seal latrines or for conversion of exisiting dry type latrines into water seal sanitary latrines Annexure-!- Application for construction of Sanitary Waterseal Latrine Annexure-II- Agreement to obtain loan from the Municipal Revolving Fund 2. MEMO No 4571/FI/80-2MA 4th May, 1981 Instructions to Commissioners and Special Officers of all municipalities ( Annex-24 (ii); Page 114) not to give permission for construction of dry latrines but stipulate construction of water borne latrines in all permitted constructions 3. MEMO No 3983/F1/81-44MA 2nd February, 1983 Finalised Bye-Laws for Implementation of Scavenging Elimination Schemes Annex-24 (iii); Pages 115 to 125 in Warangal and Eluru Municipalities 4. LETTER No. 3522/F1/82-9 20th June, 1983 Letter from the Secretary, HMA&UD to Chairman & M.D., HUDCO ( Annex-24 (iv),· Page 126) about Govt's priority for low cost sanitation, diversion of all VI plan pro- vision for sewerage to low cost sanitation, State Govt's decision to develop Tadepalligudem as a model town aimed at all households being provided with water flush latrines including those without latrines and State Govt's request for HUDCO assistance for conversions in 31 municipalities 107 r;~,, J ' " ANNEX-24 Page 2 of Pages 29 GOA ADMINISTRATIVE/EXECUTIVE ORDERS REGARDING PROVISION, CONSTRUCTION OR CONVERSION OF LATRINES (Contd.) A.P. Govt. Communication Dated Subject 5. MS No. 846 MA 29th December, 1983 Low Cost sanitation-Rs. 46 lakhs Loans for Implementation of Low (Annex-24(v); Pages 127 to 128) Cost Sanitation in 14 Municipalities during 1983-84-Sanction Accorded 6. MS No. 137 MA 8th March, 1984 Low Cost Sanitation-Proddatur Municipality-Loan of Rs. 9 lakhs for (Annex-24 (vi); Page 129) implementation of Low Cost Sanitation Scheme during 1983-84-Sanctioned 7. MS No. 177 MA 26th March, 1984 Low Cost Sanitation-Municipalities-Implementation of Top Priority (Annex-24 (vii); Pages 130 to 132) Low Cost Sanitation Schemes in Municipalities Under "Vimukthi" Pro- gramme during the year 1983-84-Administrative Sanction to Conversion Schemes costing Rs. 287.98 lakhs in 14 Municipalities with 50% loan from HUDCO and 50% Grant by State Government and grants released 8. MS No. 179 MA 26th March, 1985 State Govt also directed : (Annex-24 (viii); Pages 133 to 135) the DMA to communicate the byelaws approved at 3 above to enable the 14 commissioners to release the amounts to the beneficiaries n the commissioners and the CE (PH) a. to ensure the implementation within a period of 1t years from 1.4.84 b. to enforce the provisions of Sections 156 and 157 of A.P. Munici- palities Act and to see that no permission for construction of new building is issued without a waterseal pourflush latrine in the 14 municipalities c. to ensure the continuance of the existing scavengers without reduction in their strength or emoluments and utilization of their services in alternative avocations other than scavenging without any interruption of service [ 108 ANNEX 24 (i) Page 1 of Pages 5 GOA ADMINISTRATIVE l EXECUTIVE ORDERS REGARDING PROVISION, CONSTRUCTION OR CONVERSION OF LATRINES (Contd.) REVOLVING FUNDS Government of Andhra Pradesh ABSTRACT SANITATION-Municipal Councils-Conversion to/Construction of Water Seal Latrines-Sanction of loans from Revolving Fund to Owner of Houses-Guidelines-Approved. HOUSING, MUNICIPAL ADMINISTRATION & URBAN DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT G.O. Ms. No. 182 M.A. Dated the 2nd March, 1981. Read the following : From the Director of Municipal Administration, Lr. Roc. No. 21871/77/J3, dated 12·1-1981. ORDER: The Government hereby approve the guidelines appended to this order for adoption by the Municipal Councils for sanction of loans by them from the Revolving Fund constituted for advancing loans to the house owners either for conversion of existing dry latrines into water seal latrines or lfor construction of water seal latrines in latrineless houses. 2. The Commissioners and Special Officers of the Municipalities are requested to take action as per the guidelines approved in para 1 above. (By Order and in the name of the Governor of Andhra Pradesh) K. Madhava Rao, Secretary to Government. "true copy" To All the Commissioners and Special Officers of the Municipalities in the State. The Director of Municipal Administration, Hyderabad. The Director of Local Fund Audit, Hyderabad. The Accountant General, Hyderabad. The Chief Engineer (P.H.) Hyderabad. The Municipal Engineers in the Municipalities through the Commissioners and Spl. Officers. "forwarded : by order" Sd/- Section Officer. 109 I ANNEX-24 (i) Page 2 of Pages 5 GOA ADMINISTRATIVE/ EXECUTIVE ORDERS REGARDING PROVISION, CONSTRUCTION OR CONVERSION OF LATRINES (Contd.) REVOLVING FUNDS (Contd.) APPENDIX GUIDELINES FOR SANCTION OF LOANS FROM THE REVOLVING FUND TO THE HOUSE OWNERS FOR TAKING UP CONSTRUCTION OF WATER SEAL LATRINES OR FOR CON- VERSION OF EXISTING DRY TYPE LATRINES INTO WATER SEAL SANITARY LATRINES The Municipal Commissioner shall obtain an application for the loan in the form prescribed (Annexure-!) on behalf of the Municipal Council from every person who intends to construct water seal sanitary latrine or to convert the existing dry latrine into water seal latrine within his/her building with loan assistance under the scheme. 2. The amount of loan shall not exceed 2/3rds the cost of construction or Rs. 500/- whichever is is less. 3. The application shall be accompanied by- (i) the order of the Municipal Commissioner according permission for the conversion of dry type latrine into sanitary water seal latrine or for the construction of sanitary water seal latrine; ii. the sanctioned plan for the construction; and iii. an agreement in the prescribed form duly signed vide Annexure-H. The Municipal Engineer shall be consulted regarding the estimated value of work and he shall certify the estimated cost of work. Where there is no Municipal Engineer in a Municipality, The Muni- cipal Commissioner shall satisfy himself as to the correctness of the estimated cost of the work. 4. No application shall be entertained by the Municipal Commissioner for sanction of loan from the fund, where the applicant's house was assessed to property tax on an annual rental value of more than Rs. 2,500/-. No application shall be entertained from defaulters of property tax. 5. The Municipal Commissioner, after obtaining the sanction of the Municipal Council, shall release the loan in full in one instalment. 6. The loan shall carry a simple interest of 6% per annum in the case of Scheduled Castes & Scheduled Tribes and Backward classes and 10% per annum for all others. The interest shall be recove- red in convenient instalments of not less than Rs. 20/- a month, after recovery of the principal in full. 7. A penal interest of H times usual interest shall be charged on all belated payments ie. when the borrower has not repaid the loan into the Municipal Treassury by the due date. 8. The loan shall be recovered in not more than 24 monthly instalments. 9. Every borrower from the fund shall execute an agreement bond in the form prescribed in Annexure-II on a stamped paper worth Rs. 5/- supported by two sureties. 10. The amount of monthly instalment shall be paid by the loanee on or before lOth of every month. 110 1 ANNEX-24 (i) Page 3 of Pages 5 GOA ADMINISTRATIVE / EXECUTIVE ORDERS REGARDING PROVISION, CONSTRUCTION OR CONVERSION OF LATRINES (Contd.) REVOLVING FUNDS (Contd.) 11. The recovery of the first instalment shall be commenced from the month immediately succeeding the month of completion of the construction/conversion of the latrine or on expiry of two months from the date of payment of loan, whichever is earlier. On failure to complete construction or conversion of latrines within two months from the date of sanction of loan, the borrower shall refund the loan in full together with penal interest and the Municipal Commissioner shall arrange to collect the loan in full together with interest. 12. The construction/conversion of latrine shall either be taken by the owner of the house himself/ herself or by the Municipal Council with the consent of the owner or with his consent through a volun- tary organisation approved by the Director of Municipal Administration. 13. If the party wants the Municipal Council to construct the latrine, such construction shall be done under the supervision of the Municipal Commissioner through a Municipal Contractor. The party shall be responsible for the payment to the said contractor or to the voluntary organisation. 14. a. The Municipal Commissioner in office shall take every precaution to see that there is no loss to the Municipal Fund on account of granting loans from this Fund. b. In case of default, the Municipal Commissioner shall recover the loan and interest thereon as arrears of property tax. 15. The Municipal Commissioner may file a civil suit where necessary for the recovery of outstanding arrears and after obtaining a decree, the Municipal Commissioner shall file an eviction petition agaiJtlSt the loanee and execute the eviction petition. 16. The Municipal Commissioner is competent to inspect any latrine under construction. 17. The loan together with the interest recovered shall be credited to the Revolving Fund. 111 ] ANNBX-24 (i) Page 4 of Pages 5 GOA ADMINISTRATIVE / EXECUTIVE ORDERS REGARDING PROVISION, CONSTRUCTION OR CONVERSION OF LATRINES (Contd.) REVOLVING FUNDS (Contd.) ANNEXURE-I APPLICATION FOR CONSTRUCTION OF SANITARY WATER SEAL LATRINE To The Municipal Council, Sub : Grant of loan for construction of sanitary water seal latrine/conversion of existing dry latrine into water seal sanitary latrine requested. Ref: Progs. Roc. No. Sir, In your Proceedings cited, permission was accorded to me to convert the dry type latrine into sanitary latrine/construct a septic tank latrine. The Annual Rental Value of my building No. ... ... ... .•. (Assessment No. ... ... ... ) is Rs ............................ The estimated cost of the above work works out to Rs ................ as per the certificate issued by the Municipal Engineer. I may be granted a loan of Rs . . ... .. .... from out of the Revolving Fund for the above work. I enclose an agreemeent duly signed by me. Yours faithfully, Full Address : {Signature) ( 112 ) ANNEX-24 (i) Page 5 of Pages 5 GOA ADMINISTRATIVE I EXECUTIVE ORDERS REGARDING PROVISION, CONSTRUCTION OR CONVERSION OF LATRINES (Contd.) REVOLVING FUNDS (Contd.) ANNEXURE-·11 AGREEMENT TO OBTAIN LOAN FROM THE MUNICIPAL REVOVING FUND This agreement is made on this day of ......... ,. .......... by ............... son/wife of .................. . aged .... : ....... years, owner of the house bearing assessment No.... ... situated in ... ... street, Door No. ... ... Ward No.... . .. in favour of the Municipal Council ... . .. constituted under the Andhra Pradesh Municiplill ties Act, 1965. I . .. ... the above named is in need of money to construct/convert the service latrine, in my aforesaid premises into sanitary water seal latrine, which will cost Rs .... (Rupees ... . .. only) to me for the said purpose. I agree to make the said construction/ conversion by myself within a period of 2 months from the date of payment of loan through the Munici- pality. As per the terms and conditions imposed by the Municipal Council while granting the loan. I agree and undertake to repay the Principal amount of Rs. . . . . .. (Rupees .. only) borrowed by me in 24 monthly instalments from the date of receipt of loan. I pledge my building No : ... . .. in favour of ... .. . Municipal Council, in lieu of loan sanctioned to me; and the Municipal Council ... ... will be at liberty to realis1: the loan in the event of delay or non-refund in whatever fashion the Municipal Council consider:; desirable. I also agree and undertake to pay the interest at ... . .. (rate) and in case of any default, J[ shall also pay the penal interest at one and half times the normal interest on all belated payments and interest. I shall also refund the entire loan in one instalment in the event of my failure to complete the work within a period of 2 months from the date of payment of loan. I also agree that in the event of my failure to comply with any of the above conditions, the: Municipal Council is at liberty to realise the entire loan amount with interest including penal interest from out of tlfe above house which is pledged to the Municipal Council. I have duly and voluntarily executed this agreement and affixed my signature hereto, after duly understanding the meaning, purpose and interest of this agreement. Signed on this day of .. . .. . ... ... ... ... before .•. .. . .. . . ..... who have signed in my presence. We agree to refund the loan, if the applicant fails to refund the loan at equal rates. 1. 2. SIGNATURES OF SURITIES Signature of the Applicant• Certified that Sri ... ... son of/wife of... ... •.. has signed my my presence. SIGNATURE OF ATTESTOR (A GAZETTED OFFICER) [ 113 1 ANNEX 24 (ii) GOA ADMINISTRATIVE/ EXECUTIVE ORDERS REGARDING PROVISION, CONSTRUCTION OR CONVERSION OF LATRINES (Contd.) Government of Andhra Pradesh Housing, Municipal Administration & Urban Development Deptt. Memo. No. 4571/Fl/80-2 M.A., dated 4-5-1981. Sub-- Amelioration of Socio-Economic Conditions of Scavengers-Certain measures recommen- ded by the Working Group-orders-Issued. Ref:- Letter Roc. No. 58875/~0-B, dated 28-1-1981 from the Director of Municipal Adminis- tration. The Government have been considering crash programme for amelioration of the socio-eeonomic conditions of scavengers in the State by weaning away the scavengers from their present occupation. The Working Group constituted for this purpose recommended among other things that construction of houses with dry latrines should be banned and it should be stipulated that water borne closets shall be condition precedent for grant of permission for construction of houses. The Government accept the above recommendation. All the Commissioners and Special Officers of the Municipalities are. therefore, requested to ensure that no permission is given for construction of houses contemplating dry latrines and while giving permission for construction, it should be stipulated that the houses should be equipped with water borne closets only. K. Madhava Rao, Secretary to Government To The Commissioners and Special Officers of all the Municipalities. [ 114 1 ANNEX -.24 (iii) Page 1 of Pages 11 GOA ADMINISTRATIVE I EXECUTIVE ORDERS REGARDING PROVISION, CONSTRUCTION OR CONVERSION OF LATRINES (Contd.) BYELAWS Government of Andhra Pradesh Housing, Municipal Administration and Urban Development Department. Memorandum No. 3983/F1/81-44. M.A. Dated: 2-2-1983. Sub: WARANGAL AND ELURU MUNICIPALITIES- Scavenging Elimination Scheme-- Draft Bye-Laws - Approval of- Reg. Ref: From the Director of Municipal Administration, Hyd"erabad Lr. Roc. No. 63594/81/B, dt. 16-10-1982. The draft Bye-Laws for regulating the construction, operation, maintenance and control of water closets, privies and latrines to be adopted by the Warangal and Eluru Municipalities as finalised are sent herewith to the Director of Municipal Administration. He is requested to commend these draft bye-law:s to the two Municipal Councils for following the procedure laid down in sections 332 and 333 of tht~ Andhra Pradesh Municipalities Act, 1965. The Bye-laws may be brought inforce with effect from 30/3/1982 i.e. from the date of sanctioning the scheme of both the Municipalities in G.O. Ms. No. 313, M.A., dated 30.3.1982 as amended in G.O. No. 454, M.A. dt. 5.5.1982 under section 331 of the Arndhra Pradesh Municipalities Act, 1965. 2. The Director of Municipal Administration in also requested to ensure construction/conversion of the latrines as per the draft bye-laws in both the Municipalities pending approval of the Bye-laws by the Government. G. Venkataramana Reddy. Additional Secretary to Government. To The Director of Municipal Administration, Hyderabad. (with enclosures). Copy to the Chief Engineer (Publie Health), Hyderabad. (with enclosures). Copy to the Commissioners, Warangal and Eluru Municipalities. (with enclosures). Copy to Sri B.B. Rau, Sanitary Engineering Adviser. U.N.D.P. Global Project, Archana Office Complex 5th floor, Greater Kailash·I, New Delhi- 110048 (with enclosures). [ 115 1 ANNEX-24 (iii) Page 2 of Pages 11 GOA ADMINISTRATIVE/ EXECUTIVE ORDERS REGARDING PROVISION, CONSTRUCTION OR CONVERSION OF LATRINES (Contd.) BYELAWS (Con.td.) DRAFT BYE-LAWS FOR REGULATING THE CONSTRUCTION, OPERATION, MAINTENANCE AND CONTROL OF WATER CLOSETS, PRIVIES AND LATRINES TO BE ADOPTED BY WARANGAL AND ELURU MUNICIPALITIES* AND 14 OTHER MUNICIPALITIES** WITH EFFECT FROM 30.3.1982 AND 1.4.1984 RESPECTIVELY In exercise of the powers vested under Section 149, 156, 157 of Andhra Pradesh Municipalities Act, 1965, the Municipal Council of ................................. hereby makes the following Bye-Laws for regulating the construction, maintenance and control of water closets, privies and latrines within its areas. BYE-LAWS 1. Short Title, Extent and Commencement 1. The Bye-Laws may be called the" ........ ___________________ Municipal Council/Notified Area Com- mittee Latrine Bye-Laws 1982". 2. They extend to the whole of the Municipality/Notified Area Committee of .............................. . 3. The shall come into force after three months from the date of their publication in official gazette. 2. Definitions : 1. "Latrine" or "Privy" means a place set apart for defecating together with the structure comprising such place, the receptacle therein for human excreta and the fittings and appara- tus, if any, connected therewith; this includes a dry latrine and a water seal latrine. 2. "Dry Latrine" means a Latrine in which human excreta are discharged in any type of receptacle eg., bucket etc., or otherwise and required to be removed by human agency. 3. "Water Seal Latrine" is a latrine with a minimum water seal of 20 mm and in which the: discharges are pushed in or carried off by water without requiring human agency for removal. The types, designs and specifications of various kinds of water seal flush latrines shall be as given in the Schedule of these Bye-Laws or as may be prescribed by the State Government from time to time. 3. Local Publication of Bye-Laws The bye-laws as sanctioned and published in the Official Gazette, shall be displayed for the information of the public in the local area in the manner as prescribed therefor. The Municipal Commi- * Sanctioned under Scavenging Elimination Programme of the Union Home Ministry ** Sanctioned under HUDCO - assisted State Programme ( Amalapuram, Anakapal!e, Bapatla, Dharma- varam, Gadwal, Gudivada, Kavali, Khammam, Madanapalle, Nandyal, Ongole, Proddatur, Sangareddy and Srikakulam [ 116 ] ANNEX -24 (iii) Page 3 of page:3 1£ GOA ADMINISTRATIVE/ EXECUTIVE ORDERS REGARDING PROVISION, CONSTRUCTION OR CONVERSION OF LATRINES (Contd.) BYELAWS (Contd.) ssioner shall also publish a Notice in a Newspaper informing the inhabitants of the Municipal Area/ Notified area of the subject matter of the bye-laws so displayed and the date on which they shall come into force. 4. Preparation of Register regarding Latrines The Municipal Commissioner shall prepare and maintain a Register of House-holds containing information about the existing position of latrine facilities and their types and users etc., wheJI'e such facilities exist, in such form as may by prescribed. For collecting necessary information in this regard the Municipal Commissioner may by requisition, require the owner or occupier to furnish the same within the period specified therein who shall be bound to furnish such information. 5. Construction of New Latrines After coming into force of these bye-laws : i. Any latrine that may be constructed by any person shall be of water seal type, conforming to the types, designs and specifications prescribed by the Bye-laws; ii. Every person, who builds or rebuilds a residential building, shall provide at least one water- seal latrine in it; iii. Every house hold shall have at least one waterseal flush latrine and in case the number of users within a household exceeds 10, it shall have atleast two latrines; iv. Letting of any house or part of a house by the owner for residential purposes is illegal unless the tenant and his family members have been provided the facility of at least one pour flush water seal latrine either exclusive or shared; v. No building plan of any type of construction or alteration of or additions to a building shaH be sanctioned and no building shall be deemed to have been completed and fit for human occupation unless provision is made for a water seal latrine; and the dry latrine, if any, is dismantled. vi. Defecation in open public spaces located within the residential areas of ward Nos ............... . is illegal and punishable by fine. This will be extended gradually to other wards, covering the entire Municipal Town/Notified Area Committee area in the next three years. 6. Location of the units 1. No leaching pit for disposal of excreta shall be located within a radius of 8 m from tib.e existing hand pump or well unless special pre-cautions to the satisfaction of the Municipal Commissioner are taken. ii. Leaching pits shall be located within the premises of the buildings where the latrine is propo- 00 sed to be constructed new or converted, where if it is not feasible, the pits can be located 117 ] ANNEX-24 (iii) Page 4 of Pages 11 GOA ADMINISTRATIVE / EXECUTIVE ORDERS REGARDING PROVISION, CONSTRUCTION OR CONVERSION OF LATRINES (Contd.) BYELAWS (Contd.) under the foot-path or street or road. The final authority to determine this feasibility shall be the Municipal Council/Notified Area Committee and its decision shall be final and binding. Permission to build the leaching pits under the footpath, street or road shall be given only by the Municipal Commissioner of the Municipal Council/Notified Area Committee when he is fully satisfied that it is not feasible to construct these pits within the premises of the building. iii. In case the leach pits are located under the road, street or footpath, the level of the pipe connecting the latrine pan with the pit shall be atleast 1.0 m. below ground level or below the bottom of water main existing within a distance of 3 m from the pits whichever is more. 7. I based Programme for Construction/Conversion of Latrines A reasonable time-bound phased programme requiring the owners or occupiers to convert all the existing dry latrines into pour flush water seal latrines and to provide pour flush water seal latrines in all the premises with no latrine or inadequate latrines in the different wards is given in the Schedules of these bye-laws, 8. Notices for Construction/Conversion of Latrines According to the approved phllsed programme, the Municipal Commissioner shall issue a notice in writing to the owner or occupier to provide a water seal latrine or latrines in the households with no latrines or an additional unit or units in households with inadequate number of latrines and to convert the existing dry latrine into a water seal one as per prescribed specifications within 3 months from the date of service of notice. The period of 3 months may be extended by the Municipal Commissioner at the request of the owner or the occupier if sufficient reasons justifying the grant of such request are shown, provided that the total period shall not exceed six months in aggregate from the date of service of such notice. In case due to space constraint it is not feasible to convert or build a new latrine as specified in the schedule of these bye-laws, the owner or the occupier shall inform the Municipal Couucil about it, but to determine the aforesaid feasibility, the final authority, shall be the Municipal Council/Notified Area Committee and the decision of the Municipal Council/Notified Area Committee shall be final and binding on the owner or the occupier of the building. 9. Licensed Technicians for Construction of Water Seal Latrines The Municipal Council/Notified Area Committee shall issue licences to technicians, contractors, plumbers in sufficient number, who are trained and competent in the opinion of the Municipal Council Notified Area Committee to undertake the work of construction of water seal latrines conforming to the prescribed specifications; types and designs etc., on payment of a licence fee of Rs. 25/- and maintain a register thereof for the convenience of the persons constructing water seal latrines. 118 ] ANNEX-24 (iii) Page 5 of page 11 GOA ADMINISTRATIVE/ EXECUTIVE ORDERS REGARDING PROVISION, CONSTRUCTION OR CONVERSION OF LATRINES (Contd.) BYELAWS (Contd.) No other person except the licensed contractors shall be allowed to construct water seal latrines. An agreement shall be excuted between the Municipal Council/Notified Area Committee and the licensed contractor laying down the relevant terms and conditions; and necessary security money shall have to be deposited with the Municipal Council/Notified Area Committee. 10. Application and other Procedure i. The person desirous to convert or construct a latrine shall submit an application on the prescribed form to the Municipal Council/Notified Area Committee for sanction giving all necessary details about the type design and specifications of the latrine proposed to be cons· tructed and also give the location of the latrine, leach pits etc. The licensed contractor will assist him in submitting the application and getting it sanctioned. In case the application and proposal are found in order, the sanction will be accorded by the Municipal Council/Notified Area Committee and a copy of the list of materials to be used and specifications of the work will be given to the applicant provided the applicant is constructing a water seal pour flush latrine with twin leach pits. The Municipal Council/Notified Area Committee has the right to refuse permission to build a new latrine or to convert the existing dry or bucket or bore- hole latrine, if there is a possibility of a public health hazard. ii. If a person who wants to convert the existing dry earth, bucket or borehole Iatrne or build a new water seal pour flush latrine with onsite excreta disposal is desirous to take the financ:ial assistance for it, he will execute an agreement with the Municipal Council/Notified Area Committee as per the scheme of financial assistance to householders notified by the Municipal Council/Notified Area Committee. The financial assistance will be in the shape of loan o:r a mix of loan and grant, (the criteria for determination of grant element and the terms and conditions for giving the financial assistance and loan recovery with interest shall be as noti- fied by the Municipal Council or the State Government from time to time). iii. The licensed contractor shall construct the sanctioned latrine as per the prescribed designt drawing and specifications to the satisfaction of the Municipal Council/Notified Area Com- mittee and the owner or the occupier of the house. iv. After the contractor submits the completion certificate of constructing the latrine, the Municipal Council/Notified Area Committee and the owner or the occupier of the building being satisfied with the construction, payment will be released to the contractor by the Municipal Council/Notified Area Committee. The owner or the occupier of the building will be given detailed instructions and guidance apart from a pamphlet giving instructions and guide lines regarding its use, operation and maintenance. v. The latrine constructed shall be provided with a superstructure with proper ventilation. If there is scheme for giving financial ass;stance for constructing a superstructure, the person who constructs the latrine will be given financial assistance and execution of an agreement 119 ANNEX-24 (iii) Page 6 of Pages 11 GOA ADMINISTRATIVE/ EXECUTIVE ORDERS REGARDING PROVISION, CONSTRUCTION OR CONVERSION OF LATRINES (Contd.) BYELAWS (Contd.) on terms and conditions as specified by the Municipal Council/Notified Area Committee provided funds are available with the Municipal Council/Notified Area Committee. vi. The house owner or occupier will not get financial assistance in cash under the scheme. vii. A person who builds or rebuilds a house shall not be eligible for any financial assistance from the Municipal Council/Notified Area for the construction of latrines. viii. The person who has obtained a loan for constructing a latrine or superstructure shall repay the loan interest free/with interest, in instalments as determined by the Municipal Council/ Notified Area Committe under the financial assistance of the scheme regularly. In case of default, the following measures will be taken for recovery : a. The rate of interest from the date the last instalment paid to the date of payment of outstanding due loan amount shall be atleast 5% above the current normal bank loan interest. b. Recovery of loan dues with penal interest in case of default will be ~ffected by means of distraining of the goods of the defaulter as is laid down for the recovery of taxes or through a Civil Court as arrears of land revenue. c. The amount of a loan due with penal interest shall be adjusted first from whatever amount is paid by the defaulter towards the payment of the municipal dues. d. The water pipe connection, if the defaulter has in the house, will be disconnected. e. In case the owner of the building, in whose respect the default has accrued, is not living in the building, the water connection of the building where he is residing, if it lies within the municipal limits of the town, will be disconnected. f. Recovery will be affected from the tenant who will recovery it from the rent paid to the owner of the house. 11. Dismantling of Dry Latrine After the construction of the water seal latrine, the dry latrine if existing in the house hold (where the water seal latrine has been constructed) shall be dismantled. 12. Execution of Work by the Municipal Council on Default If the owner or the occupier against whom a notice under bye-law No. 8 has been issued, fails to comply with the notice within the specified time, then without prejudice to any other action that may be taken against him under any other provision of the law, the Municipal Commissioner shall get the latrine constructed or converted as the case may be, in terms of the notice, departmentally or through any other authorised agency and recover the expenses incurred in this behalf from the defaulter under Section 157 of the Andhra Predesh Municipalities Act, 1965. 120 ] ANNEX-24 (iii) Page 7 of Pages 11 GOA ADMINISTRATIVE / EXECUTIVE ORDERS REGARDING PROVISION, CONSTRUCTION OR CONVERSION OF LATRINES (Contd.) BYELAWS (Contd.) 13. Maintenance of Latrines The water seal latrine shall be properly maintained and kept in sanitary condition by the owner or the occupier. The contents of septic tanks, soak pits etc., shall be periodically emptied by the owner or the occupier at his own cost either by private agency or the Municipal Council. The Municipal Council shall maintain a special squad for this purpose and provide its service for emptying the contents and or removal thereof on payment of charges at the rates prescribed from time to time. The pits will be cleaned only after two years of their remaining out of service after they were full. If the Municipal Council/Notified Area Committee cleans the leach pits free of cost at the request by the owner or the occupier of the building, the humus will be the property of the Municipal Council and the owner or oocu- pier of the house shall not have any claim on it. 14. Penalty for Breach of Bye-laws Any person comitting breach of any of the above bye-laws shall, on conviction, be liable to a flne not exceeding Rs. 50/- [ 121 1 ANNEX 24 (iii) Page 8 of Pages 11 GOA ADMINISTRATIVE/ EXECUTIVE ORDERS REGARDING PROVISION, CONSTRUCTION OR CONVERSION OF LATRINES (Contd.) BYELAWS (Contd.) DRAFT GUIDELINES FOR SANCTION OF LOAN AND SUBSIDY TO PRIVATE HOUSE OWNERS FOR TAKING UP CONVERSION OF DRY LATRINES INTO POUR FLUSH WATER SEAL LATRINES UNDER THE SCAVENGING ELIMINATION SCHEME 1. The Municipal Commissioner shall obtain an Application in the prescribed form (AnnexMII) on behalf of the Municipal Council from every house~owner or occupier of the house, in which dry type latrine is existing, for sanction of loan and subsidy to convert the same into pour flush water seal latrine under the Scavenging Elimination Scheme, duly serving a Notice (AnnexMI) for the purpose. 2. The financial assistance as loan and subsidy shall be sanctioned as follows : The financial assistance shall not exceed Rs. 500/- as loan and Rs. 500/- as Subsidy. 4. The application shall be accompanied with i. the order of the Municipal Commissioner according permission of dry type latrines into pour flush water seal latrines; ii. the approved plan for the construction; and iii. An agreement in the prescribed form (Annex-III) duly sanctioned. 4. All applications shall be placed before the Council and sanction obtained for release of funds. 5. The house owner or occupier shall not be given the financial assistance in cash under the scheme. 6. The loan shall carry no interest except in the case of belated payment of loan instalment. 7. The loan shall be repaid in monthly instalments of not less than Rs. 10 and not more than Rs. 20/- on or before lOth of every month. 8. The repayment of first instalment shall commence from the month following the month in which conversion of dry latrine into pour flush water seal latrine is completed. 9. A penal interest at the rate as will be fixed by the Municipal Council shall be charged on all 1belated payment of instalments i.e .• when the borrower has not repaid the loan instalment into the Municipal Treasury by due date. 10. The loan shall be recovered in not more than 25 monthly instalments. 11. The conversion of dry latrine into pour flush water seal latrines shall be taken up by the Municipal Council and executed departmentally through its registered contractors. [ 122 ] ANNEX-24 (iii) Page 9 of Pages 11 GOA ADMINISTRATIVE/EXECUTIVE ORDERS REGARDING PROVISION, CONSTRUCTION OR CONVERSION OF LATRINES (Contd.) BYELAWS (Contd.) 12. In case of default in repayment of instalments, the Municipal Council shall recover the out-standing loan amount together with penal interest as arrears of property tax. 13. The Municipal Council may file a civil suit whereever necessary for the recovery of outstand- ing instalments together with penal interest and after obtaining a decree, the Municipal Council shall file an eviction petition against the house owner and execute the eviction petition. 14. The Chief Engineer (Public Health) or his nominee, the Director of Municipal Administra- tion or his nominee are competent to inspect any latrine either under conversion or already converted under the scheme. 15. The loan amount recovered from the beneficiaries shall be credited to State Funds under relevant head of account by the Municipal Council. 16. The Municipal Council shall obtain an agreement bond from every beneficiary i.e., house- owner in the prescribed form (Annex-HI) on a stamped paper worth Rs. 5/- (Five only) supported by two sureties. 17. The Municipal Council shall maintain a separate Loan Ledger to watch the recovery of instalments of loan under the scheme. 123 ] ANNEX 24 (iii) Page 10 of Pages 11 GOA ADMINISTRATIVE / EXECUTIVE ORDERS REGARDING PROVISION, CONSTRUCTION OR CONVERSION OF LATRINES (Contd.) BYELAWS (Contd.) ANNEX-I : NOTICE A survey was conducted recently in the town during which, it has been found that a dry type latrine is existing in your house. Maintenance of such type of latrine should not be allowed by the Municipal Council under Sections 149 and 157 of the Andhra Pradesh Municipalities, Act, 1966. The Municipal Council has now. decided to take up the conversion of the existing dry type latrine in your house into pour flush water seal latrine departmentally, duly sanctioning financial assistance to you as subsidy and interest free loan to meet the cost of the same, according to the conditions prescribed in the Bye-laws. You are hereby requested to apply to the Municipal Council for sanction of subsidy and interest free loan for the above purpose in the prescribed application on or before .............. .. Municipal Commissioner, To Sll'i/Smt. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Door N o . - - - - - - - - ---------------- ~ ------------------------------ ANNEX-ll APPLICATION FOR SANCTION OF FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE AS INTEREST FREE LOAN AND GRANT-IN-AID FOR THE CONVERSION OF EXISTING DRY TYPE LATRINES INTO POUR FLUSH WATER SEAL LATRINES To The Chairman, Municipal Council, Sir, Sub: Conversion of Dry Type Latrine into Pour Flush Water Seal Latrine-· Sanction of interest free loan and grant-in-aid-Application- Furnished Ref: Your and Office Notice No ......................... Dt............................................. . With reference to your Notice cited, I am to state that I am willing to utilise the financial assis- tance of the Municipal Council ....................... for the conversion of existing dry type latrine in my house into a pour flush water seal latrine. The Annual Rental Value of my house bearing Door No ............. (Assessment No ............ . is Rs .............. . I may be granted interest free loan of Rs. . ........................ and grant-in-aid of Rs ...... . under the terms and conditions prescribed by the Municipal Council for the above purpose. I enclose herewith an agreement bond duly signed by me. Yours faithful!y. Dated------ Full address of applicant. (SIGNATURE) [ 124 ] ANNEX-24 (iii) Page 11 of Pagtes 11 GOA ADMINISTRATIVE/ EXECUTIVE ORDERS REGARDING PROVISION, CONSTRUCTION OR CONVERSION OF LATRINES (Contd.) BYELAWS (Contd.) ANNEX-HI AGREEMENT BOND This agreement is made on this day, ... ... by .•• son/wife of ... ••. aged ... ... years, owner/occupier of the house bearing Assessment No ....... . ,~situated in... . .. area/street/road, with Door No. ... of Ward No ....... . .. in favour of the Municipal Council ... ..• in ... ...district of Andhra Pradesh. I, the above named, am in need of money to convert the existing dry type latrine in my house into pour flush water seal latrine, which will cost Rs. . .. (Rupees ••• ••• .•. ... only) as estimated by the )\1unicipality for the said purpose. I agree to get the said conversion done by the Municipal Council on my behalf, in my house. As per the terms and conditions imposed by the Municipal Council for granting the financial assistance as grant-in-aid and interest free loan for the above purpose, I agree and undertake to repay the principal amount of interest free loan amount of Rs. ... ··· (Rupees .. ... ··· ••• only) sanctioned to me in 25 (twenty five) equal monthly instalments regularly from the date as fixed by the Municipal Council. I also agree and undertake to pay the penal interest, if any, at the rate as prescribed by the Municipal Council on all belated payments of monthly instalments of loan amount. I also agree that in the event of my failure to comply with the above conditions and in case of my default in payment of monthly instalments, the Municipal Council is at liberty to realise the outstanding balance of loan amount, with penal interest in the manner as envisaged under Section 157 of A.P . M. Act, 1965. I have duly and voluntarily executed this agreement and affixed my signature hereto, after duly understanding the meaning, purpose and interest of this agreement. Signed on this day of ... ... before ... who have signed in my presence. SIGNATURE OF APPLICANT. I agree to refund the loan, if the applicant fails to refund the loan at equal rates : I. 2. (Signatures of Sureties) 125 ] ANNEX-24 (iv) GOA ADMINISTRATIVE/EXECUTIVE ORDERS REGARDING PROVISION, CONSTRUCTION OR CONVERSION OF LATRINES (Contd.) Copy of letter No. 3522/Fl/82·9 M.A., dated 20-6-1983 from the Secretary to Government, Housing, Municipal Administration and Urban Development Department, Hyderabad addressed to the Chairman and Managing Director, Housing and Urban Development Corporation Limited, HUDCO House, Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110 003. Sub: Low cost Sanitation-Tadepalligudem Municipality- Andhra Pradesh- Loans for low cost sanitation- Sanction- Requested. In order to improve the deteriorating sanitary conditions in the urban towns in Andhra Pradesh the State Government have selected 20 towns for inclusion in tne U.N.D.P. Project IND/81/014 for feasibility studies to provide pour flush latrines and have also diverted all the Vltb Plan provision from sewerage to the provision of pour Hush latrines both conversion and new. Of these 20 towns, the State Government have proposed to develop Tadepalligudem Municipality as a model town aimed at all households being provided with water flush latrines including those at present without any latrines. This town would really be made scavenger-free viz., even garbage or drain water mixed with night-soil would not be handled by any human. I am therefore to request the HUDCO to extend the loan assis- tance for Rs. 56.70 lakhs being the 50% cost of this project. The State Government have decided to stand guarantee for this loan and also make available the balance 50% cost. 2. I am directed to inform that the letter, loan application, demand draft for Rs. 5,000/- and other documents from Tadepalligudem Municipality have already been submitted to you by Sri B.B. Rau, Sanitary Engineering Advisor, UNDP and in his telegrams dated 30-3 83 has informed the State Govern- ment that the scheme ofTadepalligudem Municipality has already been posed to the HUDCO for 50% loan assistance. 3. I am also directed to inform that the State Government also desi~"ed to to take up conversion 11 rogrammes additionally in 30 other towns where the local Municipal Councils have shown enthusiasm and are keen to remove the scourge of scavenging from the beginning of the next financial year. Since the HUDCO is taking up these low cost sanitation schemes for the first time and the guidelines, modalities etc., are yet to be finalised, I shall appreciate if the scheme of Tadepalligudem Municipality is funded and the modalities finalised at a very early date so that the other schemes could also be sent for HUDCO assistance. Yours faithfully, Sd/- for SECRETARY TO GOVERNMENT 126 ] ANNEX-24 (v) Page 1 of Pages 2 GOA ADMINISTRATIVE/ EXECUTIVE ORDERS REGARDING PROVISION, CONSTRUCTION OR CONVERSION OF LATRINES (Contd.) GOVT LOANS - I Government of Andhra Pradesh ABSTRACT LOW COST SANITATION-Certain Municipalities-Loans for implementation of Low Cost Sanita- tion in Municipalities-1983-84 Sanction-Accorded. HOUSING, MUNICIPAL ADMN. & URBAN DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT G 0. Ms. No. 846 M.A., Dated the 29th December. 1983 Read the following : 1. G.O. Ms. No. 313, M.A., dated 30-3-1982. 2. G.O. Ms. No. 454, M.A., dated 5-5-1982. 3. From the Chief Engineer, Public Health, Hyderabad, Letter No. 7659/314/Bl/83-dated 25-8-1983. 4. From the Chief Engineer, Public Health, Hyderabad, Letter No. 7659/314/Bl/83-7 dated 1-10-1983. ORDER: Sanction is accorded to the payment of loan amount aggregating to Rs. 46.00 Iakhs (Rupees forty six lakhs only) to the following Municipalities for implementation of Low Cost Sanitation Scheme as indicated against each Municipality : Sl. No. Name of the Municipality Amount of loan Rs. in Iakhs 1. Anakapalle Rs. 3.00 Iakhs , 2. Amalapuram Rs. 3.00 , 3. Bapatla Rs. 2.00 4. Ongole Rs. 2.00 " 4. Kavali Rs. 2.00 " 6. Nandyal Rs. 2.00 " 7. MadanapaUe Rs. 2.00 " 8. Khammam Rs. 2.00 " 9. Sangareddy Rs. 3.00 " 10. Gadwal Rs. 1.00 " 11. Warangal Rs. 15.00 " ,. 12. Srikakulam Rs. 3.00 13. Gudivada Rs. 3.00 " , 14. Dharmavaram Rs. 3.00 ------- Total Rs. 46.00 lakhs ------- [ 127 ] ANNEX-24 (v) Page 2 of Pages 2 GOA ADMINISTRATIVE / EXECUTIVE ORDERS REGARDING PROVISION, CONSTRUCTION OR CONVERSION OF LATRINES (Contd.) GOVT LOANS· I (Contd.) 2. The expenditure shall be met from the provision made for the year 1983-84 under the Head of Account '682-Loan for P.H. Sanitation and Water Supply (010) Sewerage Schemes-Schemes included in the Plan (020) Loans for Sewerage Schemes (003) Loans to Municipalities for Conversion of Dry Latrines to Water-borne Latrines'. 3. The Chief Engineer (Public Health), Hyderabad is requested to send the budget allotment to the Director of Treasuries and Accounts, Hyderabad to issue necessary authorisation for disbursement of loans sanctioned to the Municipalities concerned. 4. The Commissioners of the concerned Municipalities are requested to intimate the date of drawal of the loan amount sanetioned in para 3 above to the Chief Engineer (Public Health), Director of Municipal Administration and the Government. 5. The Director of Municipal Administration, is requested to calculate the annuities on the loans sanctioned in para 1 above and intimate the same to the Commissioner concerned and also watch the recovery of the loan from the Municipality concerned. 6. This order issues with the concurrence of the Finance & Planning (FW) Department vide their U.O. No. 67/F. S/83/dated 16-12-1983. (BY ORDER AND IN THE NAME OF THE GOVERNOR OF ANDHRA PRADESH) JAYAKER JOHNSON SECRETARY TO GOVERNMENT t 128 l ANNEX-24 (vi) GOA ADMINISTRA1'IVE /EXECUTIVE ORDERS llEGARDING PROVISION, CONSTRUCTION OR CONVERSION OF LATRINES (Contd.) GOVT LOANS - II Government of Andhra Pradesh ABSTRACT Low Cost Sanitation-Proddatur Municipality-Loan of Rs. 9.00 lakhs for implementation of Low Cost Sanitation Scheme during 1983-84-Sanctioned. HOUSING, MUNICIPAL ADMINISTRATION & URBAN DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT G.O. Ms. No. 137 M.A. Dated 8-3-1984 Read the following : 1. G.O. Ms. No. 846, M.A. dated 29-12-1983. 2. From the Chief Engineer, Public Health, Hyderabad Lr. No. 7659/314/83-12 dt. 17-1·1984. 3. From the Chief Engineer~ Public Health, Hyderabod Lr. No. 7659/314/Bl/83-12 dlt. 17-2-1984. ORDER: Sanction is accorded to the payment of loan amount of Rs. 9.00 Iakhs (Rupees Nine Iakhs only) to Proddatur Municipality for implementation of low cost sanitation scheme during 1983·84. 2. The expenditure shall be met from the provision made for the year 1983-84 under the Head of Account "682-Loans for Public Health Sanitation and Water Supply (010) Sewerage Scheme8- Schemes included in the Plan (020) Loans for Sewerage Schemes (003) Loans to Municipalities for Con- version of Dry Latrines to Water-borne Latrines". 3. The Chief Engineer, Public Health, Hyderabad is requested to send the budget allotment to the Director of Treasuries and Accounts, Hyderabad to issue necessary authorisation for disbursement of the loan sanctioned in para 1 above to the Proddatur Municipality. 4. The Commissioner, Proddatur Municipality is requested to intimate the date of drawal of the loan amount sanctioned in para 1 above to the Chief Engineer, Public Health, Director of Municipal Administration and the Government. 5. The Director of Municipal Administration is requested to calculate the annuities on the loan sanctioned in para I above and intimate the same to the Commissioner, Proddatur Municijpality and also watch the recovery of the loan from the Proddatur Municipality. 9. This order isssues with the concurrence of the Finance and Planning (F. W) Department vide their UO No. 459/Expr. HH & MA/84 dt. 2-3-'84 (BY ORDER AND IN THE NAME OF THE GOVERNOR OF ANDHRA PRADESH) JAYAKAR JOHNSON, Secretary to Government Forwarded to : The Commissioner, Proddatur Municipality. The Chief Engineer, Public Health, Hyderabad. The Director of Municipal Administration, Hyderabad. The Director of Local Fund Audit, Hyderabad. The Accountant-General, A.P. Hyderabad. Copy to th~ District Treasury OJL:er, C uddapah District. Copy to Special Assistant to Minister (Law & Mplts). [ 129 ANNEX-24 (vii) Page 1 of pages 3 GOA ADMINISTRATIVE/ EXECUTIVE ORDERS REGARDING PROVISION, CONSTRUCTION OR CONVERSION OF LATRINES (Contd.) HUDCO-ASSISTED SCHEMES - I Government of Andhra Pradesh ABSTRACT Low Cost Sanitation-Municipalities-Implementation of Low Cost Sanitation Scheme in Municipalities under ''VIMUKTHI" Programme during the year 1983-84-Administrative sanction to the schemes in certain Municipalities-Accorded. HOUSING, MUNICIPAL ADMINISTRATION & URBAN DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT G.O. (Ms) No. 177 M.A., Dated: 26-3-1984, 1. From the Chief Engineer (Public Health) Letter No. 3530/HUDCO/T9/JE/84, dated 6-3-1984. 2. From the Chief Engineer (Public Health) Letter No. 3530/HUDCO/T9/JE/84-3, dated 8-3-1984. 3. From the Chief Engineer (Public Health) Letter No. 3530/HUDCO/T9/JE/84, dated 12-3-1984. ORDER: The Government of Andhra Pradesh decided that Top Priority should be given for implementa- tion of the Low Cost Sanitation Schemes in the Municipalities under "VIMUKTHI" Programme for improving the Sanitary conditions in the Municipalities and also for eliminating the age old system of scavenging and thereby the liberated scavengers can be engaged in avocations other than scavenging. The programme envisages the following steps : 1. Conversion of the existing household scavenger type latrines into low cost pour flush water seal latrines; 2. Provision of new latrines in latrine-less households; and 3. Provision of new community latrines of the above type in the residential areas for females in whose houses there is no sp;1ce for constructing new household latrines and community latrmes in places like Bus-stand, Railway Stations and Markets. 2. The Government have also decided to implement the Low Cost Sanitation Scheme under "Vimukthi" programme in 14 Municipal towns during the year 1983-84 and they have also decided to implement to the schemes with Stage-I scheme (conversion) with the financial assistance to the extent of 50% of the total cost of the scheme in each municipality from HUDCO as Loan and the remaining 50% of the cost of the schemes in the form of loan/grant to the Municipalities by the State Government. The Schemes under this programme shall be completed within a period of 11 years from 1-4-1984. 3. In the letters first and 2nd read above, the .Chief Engineer (Public Health) has submitted line estimates for implementation of Low Cost Sanitation Programme in respect of 14 Municipalities covering the Stage-I scheme (conversions only) and requested the Government to accord administrative sanction to the 14 municipalities as per the the method of financing suggested therein. 4. The Government after careful examintation of the line estimates and pending clearance of the Loanassistances proposed to be sought for from the HUDCO to the 14 Municipalities, hereby accord [ 130 1 ANNEX-24 (vii) Page 2 of pages 3 GOA ADMINISTRATIVE / EXECUTIVE ORDERS REGARDING PROVISION, CONSTRUCTION OR CONVERSION OF LATRINES (Contd.) HUDCO·ASSISTED SCHEMES- I (Contd.) administrative sanction for the implementation of the Low Cost Sanitation Schemes in 14 Municipalities covering Stage·! scheme (i.e., conversions only) under the "VIMUKTHI" Programme with the pattern of financial assistance indicated against each Municipality : Sl. Name ofthe Total estimated Pattern of financial assistance No. Municipality cost of the scheme Loan from Loan I Grant by HUDCO. State Government. 1 2 3 4 5 Rs. in lakhs Rs. in lakhs Rs. in lakhs 1. Amalapuram 10.13 5.101 5.029 2. Anakapalle 20.61 10.24 10.37 3. Bapatla 16.16 8.23 7.93 4. Dharmavaram 6.18 3.09 3.09 5. Gadwal 2.72 1.36 1.36 6. Gudivada 20.95 10.48 10.47 7. Kavali 17.63 8.81 8.82 8. Khammam 65.24 32.66 32.58 9. Madanapalle 31.53 16.12 15.41 10. Nandyal 19.76 9.88 9.88 II. Ongole 12.27 6.13 6.14 12. Proddatur 23.91 11.96 11.95 13. Sangareddy 19.36 9.68 9.68 14. Srikakulam 21.53 10.76 10.77 Total : --------------------------- Rs. 287.98 144.501 143.479 lakhs 5. The Commissioners of the Municipalities and the Chief Engineer (Public Health), are requested to ensure the implementation of the scheme within a period of It years from 1·4-1984. They are also requested to enforce the provisions of Sections of 156 and 157 of Andhra Pradesh Municipalites Act 1965 and see that no permission for construction of new building is issued without a water seal pour flush latrine in the 14 Municipalities. 6. The Commissioners of the 14 r<::spective Municipalities are also requested to ensure the continu- ance of existing scavengers without reduction in their strength or in their emoluments and utilise their services in alternative avocations other than the scavenging without any interruption in service. [ 131 ] ANNEX-24 (vii) Page 3 of Pages 3 GOA ADMINISTRATIVE/EXECUTIVE ORD'ERS REGARDING PROVISION, CONSTRUCTION OR CONVERSION OF LATRINES (Contd.) HUDCO ASSISTED SCHEMES·I (Contd.) 7. The Director of Municipal Administration is requested. to communicate the bye-laws already sent to him in Government Memo. No. 3983/Fl/81-44, M.A., dated 2.2.1983 so as to enable the 14 Municipal Commissioners to release the amount to the beneficiaries. (BY ORDER AND IN THE NAME OF THE GOVERNOR OF ANDHRA PRADESH) JAYAKER JOHNSON Secretary to Government. Forwarded to : The Commissioners of the Municipalities concerned. The Chief Engineer (Public Health), Hyderabad. The Director of Municipal Administration, Hyderabad. The Secretary to Government of India, Ministry of Works and Housing, Nirman Bhavan, New Delhi. The Chairman and Managing Director. HUDCO House, Lodhi Road, New Delhi. The Accountant General, Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad. The Director of Local Fund Audit, Hyderabad. ''by order" M. Koti Reddy Section Officer. [ 132 1 ANNEX 24 (viii) Page I of Page8 3 GOA ADMINISTllATIVE / EXECUTIVE ORDERS REGARDING PROVISION, CONSTRUCTION OR CONVERSION OF LATRINES (Contd.) HUDCO-ASSISTED SCHEMES-II Government of Andhra Pradesh ABSTRACT Low Cost Sanitation Scheme under "Vimukthi" programme-Grant-in-aid to 14 Municipalities for implementation of Low Cost Sanitation Scheme during 1983-84-Sanctioned. HOUSING, MUNICIPAL ADMINISTRATION AND UABAN DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT G.O. (MS) No. 179 M.A., Dated the 26th March, 1984. Read the following : 1. G.O. Ms. No. 846 M.A., dt : 29-12-1983. 2. G.O. Ms. No. 137, M.A., dt: 8-3-1984. 3. From the Deputy C.E. (PH), D.O. Lr. No. 3530/AM/FDS/19/84-3, dated 7-3-1984. 4. G.O. Ms. No. 177 M.A., dated 26-3-1984. ORDER: In the G.O. fourth read above, the State Government have accorded administrative sanction fror the implemention of Low Cost Sanitation Scheme with the component of Stage-I Scheme (conversion of dry type latrine into water seal pour flush latrin::) in the following 14 Municipalities under "Vimukthi'' Programme during 1983-1984. 1. Srikakulam 8. Madanapalle 2. Anakapalle 9. Dharmavaram 3. Amalaptiram 10. Nandyal 4. Gudivada 11. Proddatur 5. Bapatla 12. Gadwal 6. Ongole 13. Khammam 7. Kavali 14. Sangareddy 2. Further, the Government have decided that the method of financing of the Low Cost Sanitation Scheme under "Vimukthi'' Programme will be that 50% cost of the scheme will be as loan from HUDCO and the remaining 50% cost of the scheme will be grant-in-aid including the loan amounts already sanctioned in the G.Os. first and second read above. 3. The D~puty Chief Engineer Public Health in his D.O. Letter third read above has requested the Government to sanction the grant-in-aid of Rs. 103.479 lakhs to the above 14 Municipalities from out of Rs. 160 lakhs provided in the supplementary grants for 1983-'84. 4. The Government have examined the proposals in consultation with the Finance and Planning (Finance Wing) Department and hereby accord sanction to the payment of grant-in-aid to the tune of Rs. 103.479 lakhs (Rupees one hundred three lakhs and forty seven thousand and nine hundred only) to the following 14 Municipalities as indicated below against each Municipality for execution of Low Cost Sanitation Scheme during the year 1983-'84 : [ 133 ] ANNEX-24 {viii) Page 2 of Pages 3 GOA ADMINISTRATIVE/ EXECUTIVE ORDERS REGARDING PROVISION, CONSTRUCTION OR CONVERSION OF LATRINES (Contd.) HUDCO-ASSISTED SCHEMES-II (Contd.) Sl. No. Name of the Municipality Amount sanctioned as grant-in-aid (Rs. in lakhs) 1 2 3 1. Srikakulam 7.77 (Rupees seven lakhs and seventy seven thous- and only) 2. Anakapalle 7.37 (Rupees seven lakhs and thirty seven thousand only) 3. Amalapuram 2.029 (Rupees two lakhs two thousand and nine hundred only) 4. Gudivada 7.47 (Rupees seven lakhs and forty seven thousand only) 5. Bapatla 5.93 (Rupees five lakhs and ninety three thousand only) 6. Ongole 4.14 (Rupees four lakhs and fourteen thousand only) 7. Kavali 6.82 (Rupees six lakhs and eighty two thousand only) 8. Madanapalle 13.41 (Rupees thirteen lakhs and forty one thousand only) 9. Dharmavaram 0.09 (Rupees nine thousand only) 10. Nandyal 7.88 (Rupees seven lakhs and eighty eight thousand only) 11. Proddatur 2.95 (Rupees two lakhs and ninety five thousand only) 12. Gadwal 0.36 (Rupees thirty six thousand only) 13. Sangareddy 6.58 (Rupees six lakhs and sixty eight thousand only) 14. Khammam 30.58 (Rupees thirty lakhs and fifty eight thousand only) Rs. 103.479 lakhs (Rupees one hundred and three lakhs and forty seven thousand and nine hundred only) 5. The grant-in-aid sanctioned in para 4 above will be released by adjustment to the credit of the concerned Municipality under the Head of Account "847. Deposits of Local Funds-M.H. 010. Municipal Funds-S.H. (03) Municipal General Fund". [ 134 ] ANNEX-24 (viii) Page 3 of Pages 3 GOA ADMINISTRATIVE/ EXECUTIVE ORDERS REGARDING PROVISION, CONSTRUCTION OR CONVERSION OF LATRINES (Contd.) HUDCO-ASSISTED SCHEMES· II (Contd.) 6. The expenditure sanctioned in para four above shall be debited to the Head of Account "282-- P.H.- Sanitation and Water Supply-B·Sewerage and Water Supply- M.H. 035- Sewerage Schemes-Schemes included in the Plan-SH (01)-Assistance to Municipalities and Corporations for Sewerage Schemes-090-Grant-in-aid -092-0ther Grants-in-aid." 7. The District Treasury Officers are requested to release the amounts by adjustment as ordered in para 4 above. 8. The Municipal Commissioners, Srikakulam, Anakapalie, Amalapuram, Gudivada, Bapatla, Ongole, Kavali, Madanapalle, Dharmavaram, Nandyal, Proddatur, Gadwal, Sangareddy and Khammam Municipalities are requested to ensure the adjustment of the amounts sanctioned in para four above to tlb.e concerned Municipal Funds and see that the amount is spent for the purpose for which it is sanctio· ned. They are also requested to intimate the date of adjustment of the amount to the Chief Engineer (Public Health) and the Government. 9. The Chief Engineer (Public Health), is requested to obtain the utilisation certificates from the Commissioners of 14 Municipalities and submit the same to the Government and Accountant General., Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad. He is also requested to watch the progress of the scheme a.nd submit con .. solidated quarterly progress report in respect of 14 Municipalities to the Government. 10. This order issues with the concurren.::e of Finance and Planning (BE-I) Department vide their U.O. Note No. 9781l16liB.G./84, dated 23.3.1984. (BY ORDER AND IN THE NAME OF THE GOVERNOR OF ANDHRA PRADESH) JAYAKER JOHNSON SECRETARY TO GOVERNMENT. To The Commissioners, Srikakulam, Anakapalle, Amalapuram, Gudivada, Bapatla, Ongole, Kavali, Madanapalle, Dharmavaram, Nandyal, Proddatur, Gadwal, Sangareddy and Khammam. The Chief Engineer (Public Health), Hyderabad. The Director of Municipal Administration, Hyderabad. The Director of Local Fund Audit. Hyderabad. The District Treasury Officers, Srikakulam I Vizag I East Godavari I Krishna I Guntur I Prakasam/Nellore/Chittoor/Anantapur/ Kurnool/CuddapahiMahaboobnagariMedak and Khammam Districts. Copy to Accountant General, A.P. Hyderabad. Copy to Chairman and Managing Director, HUDCO, HUDCO House, Lodhi Road, New Delhi, Copy to Sri V. Suresh, Chief Projects HUDCO, Bangalore. Copy to Finance and Planning (EKp. HH & MA) Department. Copy to Finanee and Planning (Plg. AP. II) Department. Copy to Finance and Planning (BG) Department. Copy to Stock File. "Forwarded : By Order" M. Koti Reddy SECTION OFFICER [ 135 ] ANNEX-25 HYDROGEOLOGICAL DIVISION & METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION OF PROJECT TOWNS (Sections 3.2 and 4.5) TOWN DRY WET WATERLOGGED ANNUAL TEMPe C) Fine Ccarse Fine Coarse Fine Coarse RAINFALL MAX MIN (MM) I. Adilabad 0.80 0.20 - - - - 1070.9 40.0 26.6 2. Amalapuram 0.90 - 0.05 - 0.05 - 1227.9 42.8 25.0 3. Anakapalle 0.95 - 0.05 - - - 980.9 40.0 15.0 4. Bapatla - - 0.75 - C.25 - 901.9 42.1 16.9 5. Bheemunipatnam 0.90 0.05 0.05 - - - 951,5 31.0 23.0 6. Dharmavaram 0.80 0.20 - - - - 532.2 39.0 16.9 7. Gadwal 0.75 0.20 0.05 - - - 687.3 37.0 21.0 8. Gudivada 0.10 0.10 0.25 0.05 0.40 0.10 1077.2 37.2 18.0 9. Guntakal 0.25 0.75 - - - - 505.6 41.1 13.4 10. Karimnagar 0.50 0.40 0.05 0.05 - - 879.0 38.9 27.2 11. Kavali - - 005 0.25 0.25 0.45 985.7 45.0 23.9 12. Khammam (\50 - 0.40 - 0.10 - 911.1 46.0 13.3 13. Madanapalle 0.80 - 0 20 - - - 741.6 33.8 21.8 14. Maha bubnagar f. 50 0.50 - - - - 792.3 42.6 11.0 15. Nandyal 0.25 0.25 0.30 0.20 - - 765.4 44.4 15.6 16. Ongole 0.60 0.30 0.10 - - - 842.9 43.3 16.7 17. Proddatur 0.50 0.50 - - - - 620.0 40.0 25.0 18. Sangareddy - - 0.60 0.30 0.10 - 834.6 41.0 12.0 19. Srlkakulam 0.10 0.10 0.90 0.10 0.10 - 938.0 39.6 15.2 20. Tadepalligudem 0.40 0.05 0.40 0.10 0.05 - 1062.3 42.8 . 22.0 [ 136 ] ANNEX-26 Page 1 of Pages 2 THREE MOST IMPORTANT COMMODITIES IMPORTED, EXPORTED AND MANUFACTURED IN PROJECT TOWNS OF ANDHRA PRADESH (Section 3.2.1) TOWN IMPORTED EXPORTED MANUFACTURED ' FIRST SECOND THIRD FIRST SECOND THIRD FIRST SECOND THIRD 1. ADILABAD Rice Jaggery Sugar Jowar Cotton Tuar Dal Cotton Ground Tuar Bales Bales nut Oil Dal 2. AMALAPURAM Textiles Chillies Medicines Coconuts Paddy Fish Coir Jaggery Coconut Products Oil 3. ANAKAPALLE Rice Bran Cement Jaggery Salt Sugar Jaggery Sugar Ground nut Oil 4. BAPATLA Dall Oils Chillies Rice Fish Vegetables Rice * * 5. BHEEMUNI Rice Ragi Wheat Coconuts Fish Boats Coir Boats * PATNAM and Coir Ropes Ropes 6. DHARMAVARAM Raw Silk Jaggery Ground- Silk Ground· Skins Silk Ground- Iron Yarn nuts Sarees nut Oil Livery nut Oil Almyrahs and Cake 7. GADWAL White Red Sugar Handloom Ground· Cotton Handloom Ground- * Jowar Gram Sarees nuts Sarees nut Oil 8. GUDlVADA Chillies Jaggery Manures Rice Paddy Pulses Handloom Rice * Sarees 9. GUNTAKAL Rice Tuar Dal Bengal Kuridi Coriander Ground- Cotton Oils Tyres Gram Seeds nuts Yarn & Tubes 10. KARIMNAGAR Edible Pulses Gur Ground- Green Maize Rice * * Oils nuts Gram 11. KAVALI Cloth Onions Rice Chillies Tobacco Tiles Tiles Stainless Iron& Steel Steel Utensils Articles 12. KHAMMAM Rice Salt Wood Ground- Tobacco Chillies Ground- Wooden * nut Oil nut Oil Furniture 137 ] ANNEX-26 Page 2 of Pages 2 THREE MOST IMPORTANT COMMODITIES IMPORTED, EXPORTED AND MANUFACTURED IN PROJECT TOWNS OF ANDHRA PRADESH (Contd.) IMPORTED EXPORTED MANUFACTURED TOWN FIRST SECOND THIRD FIRST SECOND THIRD FIRST SECOND THIRD Cloths Edible Iron & Tamarind Tomatoes Ground- Ground- Jaggery * 13. MADANAPALLE Oils Steel nut Oil nut Oil Instruments 14. MAHABUBNAGAR Chillies Jaggery Wheat Ground- Paddy Kulthi Woolen Mats * nuts Blankets 15. NANDYAL Bengal Wheat Jaggery Turmeric Tobacco Cotton Ground- Dyes Teak- Gram nut Oil wood 16. ONGOLE Rice Jaggery Tamarind Tobacco Ghee Millets Ground- Alumini- Cigars nut Oil urn Ware 17. PRODDATUR Ground- Cereals Yarn& Ground- Cotton Handloom Ground- Handloom * nuts Mill Cloth nut Oil Cloth & nut Oil Sarees Sarees 18. SANGAREDDY * * * * * * * * * 19. SRIKAKULAM Cement Iron Petroleum Jute Paddy Fish Beedies Gun- Hand- metal loom Vessels Sarees 20. TADEPALLIGUDEM Paddy Raw Agricul- Boiled Jaggery Sugar- Boiled Alumi- Knitting Aluminium tural Rice cane Rice nium Gar- Implements Utensils ments * Particula1s not available Source: 1971 Census- Series 19, Part XA- Town Directory Statement VI (Pages 166-181) [ 138 ] ANNEX-27 POPULATION DYNAMICS OF PROJECT TOWNS DURING 1901-1983 (Section 3, 2.1) ~·-·~'""""" CENSUS YEAR SURVEY TOWN 1901 1911 1921 1931 1941 1951 1961 1971 1981 1983 I. ADILABAD 6,303 7,560 7,271 8,096 11,128 17,196 20,970 30,368 53,482 54,073 2. AMALAPURM 9,510 12,615 13,619 15,213 14,527 21,117 24,063 30,518 33,999 40,194 3. ANAKAPALLE 18,539 20,625 20,360 23,376 29,249 40,102 46,402 57,273 73,179 75,551 4. BAPATLA 8,595 10,973 10,501 13,343 16,679 22,748 33,668 41,947 55,347 57,706 5. BHEEMUNIPATNAM 10,212 9,314 7,495 9,629 9,914 10,477 9,868 14,291 34,619 32,208 6. DHARMAVARAM 10,658 7,386 8,117 9,346 12,087 14,703 20,405 30,876 50,969 52,342 7. GADWAL 10,195 12,082 10,104 12,982 14,716 16,290 16,375 21,828 30,959 37,903 8. GUDIVADA 6,719 9,180 10621 13,535 23,919 31,942 44,801 61,068 80,198 81,575 9. GUNTAKAL - - 12,519 15,620 20,414 31,341 48,083 66,320 84,599 85,647 10. KARIMNAGAR 5,752 8,347 9,399 10,903 17,437 23,826 31,554 48,918 86,125 91,493 II. KAVALI 8,635 6,380 8,800 10,522 11,969 15,516 20,544 29,616 48,119 49,419 12. KHAMMAM - 9,117 11,532 13,002 18,982 28,251 35,888 56,919 98,757 106,796 13. MADANAPALLE 14,084 14,433 8,595 9,459 11,898 16,142 24,386 36,458 54,938 55,536 14. MAHABUBNAGAR 7,605 8,651 9,991 13,300 16,462 23,827 35,588 51,756 87,503 94,426 15. NANDYAL 15,137 16,230 18,124 22,608 25,886 33,344 42,927 63,193 88,185 88,885 16. ONGOLE 12,864 13,286 14,276 16,672 21,184 27,810 35,804 55,330 85,302 85,857 17. PRODDATUR 14,370 15,756 15,906 20,124 26,961 36,624 50,616 70,882 107,070 118,529 18. SANGAREDDY - 5,947 ' 4,588 5,227 6,927 8,084 9,762 17,227 31,360 32,928 19. SRIKAKULAM 18,196 17,852 16,298 16,588 22,249 24,212 35,071 45,179 68,145 69,862 20. TADEPATLIGUDEM - - - - 9,396 13,543 27,086 43,610 62,574 70,676 Total Project Towns (20) 1, 77,374 2,05, 734 2,18,116 2,59,545 3,41,984 4,57,095 6,13,861 8,71,517 1,320,429 1,381,633 Sources: i. 1971 Census·-Series, Part VI A : Town Directory : Statement I ii. 1981 Census-Series I India : Paper-1 of 1982, Final Population Totals iii. Administration Reports of Municipalities iv, House to house survey by the Municipalities [ 139 J '] ,,, j ANNEX-28 Page 1 of Pages 3 HOUSEHOLD AND POPULATION COMPOSITION OF PROJECT TOWNS-1983 SURVEY (Sections 2.3.1. 3.2.1 and 4.5.1) TOWN HOUSEHOLDS POPULATION HOUSEHOLD SIZE Census Class Scheduled Others Total Scheduled Others Total Total Scheduled Municipal Grade Caste/Tribe Caste} Tribe Caste/Tribe (% to total) (% to total) (% to total) {% to total) 1. ADILABAD 1,250 7,377 8,627 6,990 47,083 54,073 6.27 5.59 Cl. III, Gr. II (14.49) (85.51) (12.93) (80.07) 2. AMALAPURAM 1,957 6,196 8,153 4,743 35,451 40,194 4.93 2.42 CI. III, Gr. II (24.00) (76.00) (11.80) (88.20) 3. ANAKAPLLE 946 15,286 16,232 4,125 71,426 75,551 4.65 4 36 Cl. II, Gr. I (5.83) (94.17) (5. 78) (94.22) 4. BAPATLA 1,466 9,045 10,511 6,555 51,151 57,706 5.49 4.47 Cl. II, Gr. II (13.95) (86.05) (11.36) (88.64) 5. BHEEMUNIPATNAM 711 5,544 6,255 3,472 28,736 32,208 5.15 4.88 Cl. III, Gr. III (11.37) (88.63) (10.78) (89.22) 6. DHARMAVARAM 616 8,125 8,741 3,248 49,094 52,342 5.99 5.27 Cl. III. Gr. III (7,05) (92.95) (6.21) (93.79) 7. GADWAL 511 5,762 6,273 3,179 34,751 37,930 6.05 6.22 Cl. III, Gr. III (8.15) (91.85) (8.38) (91.62) 8. GUDIVADA 1,492 14,678 16,170 6,624 74,951 81,575 5.04 4.44 Cl. II. Spl. Gr. (9.23) (90.77) (8.12) (91.88) 9, GUNTAKAL 2,640 12,255 14,895 14,868 70,779 85,647 5.75 5.63 Cl. II, Gr. I (17.72) (82.28) (17.36) (82.64) 10. KARIMNAGAR 3.670 12,260 15,930 8,205 83,288 91,493 5.74 2.24 CI. II Gr. II (23.04) (76.96) (8.97) (91.03) 140 ] ANNEX-28 Page 2 of Pages 3 HOUSEHOLD AND POPULATION COMPOSITION OF PROJECT TOWNS-1983 SURVEY (Contd.) TOWN HOUSEHOLDS POPULATION HOUSEHOLD SIZE Census Class Scheduled Others Total Scheduled Others Total Total Scheduled Municipal Grade Caste/Tribe Caste/Tribe Caste/Tribe (% to total) (% to total) (%to total (% to total) 11. KAVALI 1,499 8,846 10,345 6,262 43,157 49,419 4.78 4.18 Cl. II, Gr. II (14.49) (85.51) (12.67) (87.33) 12. KHAMMAM 2,072 17,240 19,312 11,225 95,571 106,796 5.53 5.42 CI., Gr. I (10.73) (89.27) (10.51) (89.49) 13. MADANAPALLE 706 8,156 8,862 3,778 51,758 55,536 6.27 5.35 Cl. II, Gr. II (7.97) (92.03) (6.80) (93.20) 14. MAHABUBNAGAR 1,403 12,354 13,757 7,101 87,325 94,426 6.86 5.06 Cl. II, Gr. II (10.20) (89.80) (7.52) (92.48) 15. NANDYAL 1,786 14,985 16,771 8,497 80,388 88,885 5.30 4.76 CJ. II, Gr. I (10.65) (89.35) (9.56) (90.44) 16. ONGOLE 2,254 14,166 16,420 11,916 73,941 85,857 5.23 5.29 CJ. II, Spl. Gr. (13.73) (86.27) (13.88) (86.12) 17. PRODDATUR 1,048 19,739 20,787 5,784 112,745 118,529 5.70 5.52 CI. J, Gr. I (5.04) (94.96) (4.88) (95.12) 18. SANGAREDDY 740 3,908 4,648 4,111 28,817 32,928 7.08 5.56 CI. III, Gr. III (15.92) (84.08) (12.48) (87.52) 19. SRIKAKULAM 1,760 11,822 13,582 9,290 60,572 69,862 5.14 5.28 CI. II, Gr. I (12.96) (87.04) (13.30) (86.70) 20. TADEPALLIGUDEM 1,750 11,882 13,632 7,112 63,564 70,676 5.45 4.06 Cl. II, Gr. I (12.84) (87.16) (10.06) (89.94) [ 141 ] [;{J ANNEX-28 Page 3 of Pages 3 HOUSEHOLD AND POPULATION COMPOSITION OF PROJECT TOWNS-1983 SURVEY (Contd.) TOWN HOUSEHOLDS POPUATION HOUSEHOLD SIZE Census Class Scheduled Others Total Scheduled Others Total Total Scheduled Municipal Grade Caste/Tribe Caste/Tribe Caste/Tribe (% to total) (%to total) (%to total) (%to total) All 20 Project Towns 30,277 2,19,626 2,49,903 1,37,085 12,44,548 13,81,633 5.53 4.53 (12.12) (37.88) (9.92) (90.08) 2 Class I Cities 3,120 36,979 40,099 17,009 2,08,316 2,25,325 5.62 5.45 (7.78) (92.22) (7.55) (92.45) 11 Class II Towns 19,873 1,36,889 1,56,792 88,071 7,69,143 8~57,214 5.47 4.43 (12.69) (87.32) (10.27) (89.73) 7 Class III Towns 7,284 45,758 53,042 32,005 2,67,089 2,99,094 5.64 4.39 (13.73) (86.27) (10.70) (89.30) 2 Spl. Gr. Municipalities 3,746 28,844 32,590 18,540 1,48,892 1,67,432 5.14 4.95 (11.49) (88.51) (11.07) (88.93) 7 Grade I Municipalities 12,003 1,03,209 1,15,211 60,901 5,55,043 6,15,946 5.35 5.07 (10.42) (89.58) (9.89) (90.11) 7 Grade II Municipalities 11,951 64,234 76,185 43,634 3,99,213 4,42,847 5.81 3.65 (15.69) (84.31) (9.85) (90.15) 4 Grade III Municipalities 2,578 23,339 25,917 14,010 1,41,398 1,55,408 5.99 5.43 (9.95) (90.05) (9.02) (90.98) [ 142 ] ANNEX-29 LATRINEWISE HOUSEHOLD DISTRIBUTION OF PROJECT TOWNS (Sections 3.2, 3.2.7 and 5.3.1) Classification Total Average Households w it h of Town ac- Number Size of Flush Latrines Dry Latrines No Latrines TOWN cording to of House House No. % No. % No. % 1981 Census holds hold - 1. Adilabad II 8,627 6.27 1,196 13.86 2,387 27.67 5,044 58.47 2 Amalapuram III 8,153 4.93 1,739 21.33 1,072 13.15 5,342 65.52 3. Anakapalle II 16,232 4.65 1,379 8.49 2,083 12.83 12,770 78.68 4. Bapatla II 10,511 5.49 1,316 12.52 1,270 12.08 7,925 75.40 5. Bheemunipatnam III 6,255 5.15 322 5.15 759 12.13 5,174 82.72 6. Dbarmavaram II 8,741 5.99 947 10.83 409 4.68 7,385 84.49 7. Gadwal III 6,273 6.05 543 8.66 234 3.73 5,496 87.61 8. Gudivada II 16,170 5.04 2,391 14.79 2,031 12.56 11,748 72.65 9. Guntakal II 14,895 5.75 975 6.54 2,052 13.78 11,868 79.68 10. Karimnagar II 15,930 5.74 2,073 13.01 8,423 52.88 5,434 34.11 1L Kavali III 10,345 4.78 1,698 16.41 1,845 17.84 6,802 65.75 12. Khammam II 19,312 5.53 4,728 24.48 4,242 21.97 10,342 53.55 13. Madanapalle II 8,862 6.27 1, 759 19.85 2,664 3006 4,439 50.09 14. Mahabubnagar II 13,757 6.86 2,340 17.01 4,443 32.30 6,974 50.69 15. Nandyal II 16,771 5.30 1,868 11.14 2,217 13.22 19,686 75.64 16. Ongole II 16,420 5.23 2,5 7 9 15.71 1,045 6 36 12,796 77.93 17. Proddatur I 20,787 5.70 3,548 17.07 2,684 12.91 14,555 70.02 18. Sangareddy III 4,648 7.08 542 11.66 1,774 38.17 2,332 50.17 19. Srikakulam II 13.582 5.14 2,279 16.78 1,980 14.58 9,323 68.64 20. Tadepalligudem II 13,632 5.45 1,866 13.69 2,313 16.97 9,453 69.34 Total Project Towns (20) 264,798 5.53 50,983 19.25 45,927 17.34 167,888 63.41 Andhra Pradesh Municipalities (85) 1,495,538 88,878 5.94 340,686 22.78 1,065.174 71.28 [ 143 ANNEX-30 DISTRIBUTION OF FLUSH LATRINE HOUSEHOLDS-INCOME GROUP, UTILITY & SC/ST-1983 SURVEY (Section 3.2) Cen- Muni- SC/ST I N c 0 M E G R 0 u p sus cipa- T 0 TAL TOWN HOUSEHOLDS Rs. 0-Rs. 449 Rs. 450-Rs. 549 Rs. 550-Rs. 649 Rs. 650-Rs. 849 Rs. 850 and above Town clas- lity House- Households Total With SC/ST Others SC/ST Others ST/SC Others SC/ST Others ST/SC Others sift- grada- holds with flush flush Total Total Total Total Total Total Total Total Total Total ca- tion latrines Access to Utilities l;:ttrines (Access (Access (Access (Access (Access (Access (Access (Access (Access (Access tion Number (%) 0 1 2 Number(% to to to to to to to to to to of total utilities- utilities- utilities~ utilities- utilities- utilities- utilities- utilities- utilities- utilities- flush) 0,1,2) 0,1,2) 0, 1,2) 0,1,2) 0,1,2) 0, 1,2) 0, 1,2) 0,1,2) 0,1,2) 0, 1,2) I. III II 8,627 1,196(13.86) 193 424 519 1,250 35(0.41) 7(3, 1,3) 230(51,110,69) 9(1,7,1) 137(24,49,64) 3(0,2,1) 160(42,49,69) 10(0,6,4) 215(36,81,98) 6(0,5,1) 419(36,11,272) 2. III II 8,153 1,739(21.33) 52 1137 550 1,957 457(26,341,90) 349(7,227, 115) 304(8,191,105) 326(8,211,107) 303(3,167,133) 3. II I 16,232 1,379(8.49) 61 762 556 946 8(0.05) 3(1,2,0) 160(28,97,35) 2(0,2,0) 196(10,127,59) 1(0,1,0) 237(12,148,77) 2(0,2,0) 298(6,169,123) 480(4,214,262) 4. II II 10,511 1,316(12.52) 142 912 262 1,466 312(100,180,32) 225(11,147,67) 223(9, 152,62) 255(13,196,46) 301(9,236,55) 5. IIIIII 6,255 322(5.15) 8 85 229 711 30(1,12,17) 28(1, 10, 17) 33(3,14,16) 76(2, 19,55) 155( 1,30, 124) 6. IIIIII 8,741 947(10.83) 60 512 375 616 1(0.01) 155(19,94,42) 131(7,79,45) 150(20,85,45) 1(0,0, 1) 201(6,110,85) 309(8,144,157) 7. IIIIII 6,273 543(8.66) 21 162 360 511 132(9,52, 7 i) 129(6,52, 71) 116(4,35,77) 67(2,10,55) 99(0, 13,86) 8. IISpl 16,170 2,391( 14. 79) 78 787 1526 1,492 5 78( 47 ,283,248) 381 ( 10, 142,229) 372(9,104,259) 466(9, 125,332) 594(3,133,458) 9. II I 14,895 975(6.55) 2,640 10. II II 15,930 2,073( 13.01) 29 991 1053 3,670 180(5, 71, 104) 324( 6, 160, 158) 359(6,152,201) 559(4,304,251) - 651(8,304,339) 11. III II 10,345 1,698(16.41) 31 1466 201 1,499 20(0.19) 2(0,2,0) 203(6,182,15) 3(1,2,0) 270(7,234,29) 3(0,2, I) 278(5,239,34) 8(0,4,4) 345(5,312,28) 4(0,3,1) 582(7,486,89) 12. I I 19,312 4, 728(24.48) 273 1057 3398 2,072 41(0.21) 10(0,4,6) 871(38,168,665) 3(0,1,2) 491(44, 104,343) 9(4,3,2) 763(46,189,528) 10(3.3,4) 1105(71,279, 755) 9(3,0,6) 1457(64,306, 1087) 13. II II 8,862 1,759(19.85) 85 1359 315 706 1(0.01) 265(27,183,55) 253(14,202,37) 240(16, 192,32) 397(10,293,94) 1(0,1,0) 603(18,488,97) 14. II II 13,757 2,340(17.01) 224 748 1368 1,403 454(194,112,148) 254(5,100,149) 389(7,137,245) 462(8, 165,289) -- 781(10,234,537) 15. II I 16,771 1,868(11.14) 30 609 1229 1,786 199(11,69,119) 222(2,81,139) 284(7, 116, 161) 527(5,160,362) - 636(5, 183,448) 16. II Spl 16,420 2,579(15. 7 I) 70 765 1744 2,254 29(0.18) 1(0, 1,0) 258(16,84,158) 5(0,4,1) 322( 11, 100,211) 4(0,4,0) 448(6,154,288) 12(1,4,7) 725(24,241,460) 7(0,2,5) 797(12,171,614) 17. I I 20,787 3,548( 17 .07) 123 2047 1378 1,048 33(0.16) 12(2,7,3) 797( 58,555, 184) 3(0,3,0) 508( 19,344, 145) 6(0,6,0) 447(10,311,156) 8(3,5,0) 619(12,358,249) 4(0,4,0) 1114(19,454,641) 18. III III 4,648 542(11.66) 3 33 506 140 100(1,4,95) 96( 1,6,89) 84(1,7,76) 90(0,6,84) - 172(0,10,162) 19. II I 13,582 2,279( 16. 78) 105 767 1407 1,760 107(0.79) 29(2,11,16) 302(19,153,130) 14(1,5,8) 226(24,84, 118) 13(0,8,5) 365(26, 112,227) 15(1, 7, 7) 606(20, 184,402) 36(0,9,27) 673(14, 194,465) 20. II I 13,632 1,866(13.(19) 321 359 1186 1,750 428(17.108,243) 251(43,56, 152) 366( 67 ,64,235) 380(68,60,252) - 441(66, 71,304) 20 Project 249,903 36,083( 14.44) 1909 14982 18222 30,277 275(0.11) 64(8,28,28) 6111(733, 39(3,24,12) 4793(252, 39(4,26,9) 5648(302, 66(8,31,27) 7719(309,3283, 67(3,24,40) 10567(287, Towns* 2856,2522) 2304,2237) 2456,2890) 4127) 3950,6330) 2 Class I Cities 40,099 8,278(20.64) 396 3104 4776 3,120 74(0.18) 22(2,11,9) 1,668(96, 723,849) 6(0,4,2) 999(63,448,488) 15(4,9,2) 1210(56,500,684) 18(6,8,4) 1724(83,637,1004) 13(3,4,6) 2571(83, 760,1728) 11 Class II 141,867 19,850( 13.99) 1145 8059 10646 17,233 145(0.10) 33(3,14,16) 3136(524, 21(1,11,9) 2654(136, 18(0,13,5) 3283(162,1331, 29(2,13,14) 4675(167,1897, 44(0,12,32) 5957(149,2229, Towns* 1340,1272) 1199,1319) 1790) 2611) 3579) 7 Class III Towns 53,042 6,987(13.17) 368 3819 2800 7,284 56(0.11) 9(3,3,3) 1,307(113, 795,399) 12(2,9, 1) 1135( 48,657,430) 6(0,4,2) 1125(83,620,422) 19(0,10,9) 1320(59,749,512) 10(0,8,2) 2039(55,961,1023) l. Adi 1abad 2 . Amalapuram 3. Anakapalle 4. Bapatla 5. Bheemunipat~am 6. Dharmavaram 7. Gadwal 8. Gudivada 9. Guntakal 10. Karimnagar 11. Kavali 12. Khammam 13. Madanapalle 14. Mahbubnagar 15. Nandyal 16. Ongole 17. Proddatur 18. Sangareddy 19. Srikakulam 20. Tadepalhgudem N.B. Utilities considered are water (tap) connection and electric connection in the household. * Excluding Guntakal for the breakup figures [ 144 1 ANNBX-31 Page 1 of Pages 14 BENEFICIARY HOUSEHOLD DISTRIBUTION OF PROJECT TOWNS (Section 8.3.6) INCOME GROUPS BELOW POVERTY LINE TOWN CATE- TOTAL UPTO RS. 449 RS. 450 to RS. 549 RS. 550 to RS. 649 GORY TOWN SUB· SC&ST OTHERS ALL SUB· SC&ST OTHERS ALL SUB· SC&ST OTHERS ALL TOTAL TOTAL ______ _ TOTAL 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 1002 101 21 3 393 352 132 494 373 135 447 26 18 6 128 175 94 154 193 100 288 5 10 3 62 134 74 67 144 77 1. c No. 2,387 5.53 20.70 15.63 41.98 4.23 0.88 0.13 16.46 14.75 5.65 18.73 1.09 0.76 0.25 5.36 7.32 3.94 6.45 8.09 4.19 12.06 0.21 0.42 0.12 2.60 5.61 3.10 2.81 6.03 3.22 Adila· % bad N No. 5,044 3512 683 77 3 2137 543 69 2820 620 72 679 88 24 3 330 202 32 418 226 35 365 36 13 2 177 123 14 213 136 16 69.63 13.54 1.53 0.06 4237 10.76 1.37 55.91 12.29 1.43 13.46 1.75 0.48 0.06 6.54 4.00 0.63 8.29 4.48 0.69 7.23 0.71 0.26 0.04 3.51 2.44 0.27 4.22 2.69 0.32 C1111 % 201 3314 993 207 1126 114 42 9 458 No. 7,431 4514 784 98 6 2530 895 377 126 572 419 135 653 41 23 5 239 257 88 280 280 93 B 60.75 10.35 1.32 0.08 34.05 12.04 2.71 44.60 13.36 2.70 15.15 1 53 0.51 0.12 6.16 5.07 1.70 7.70 8.64 1'82 8.79 0.55 0.31 0.07 3.22 3.46 1.18 3 77 3.77 1.25 Grll % 1,072 494 31 113 7 71 356 16 102 369 23 197 5 48 7 13 108 16 18 156 23 191 5 46 8 10 104 18 75 150 26 2. C No. 46.08 2.89 10.54 0.65 6.63 23.88 1.49 9.51 34.42 2.15 18.36 0.47 4.48 0.65 1.21 10.08 1.49 1.68 14.55 2.15 17.82 0.47 4.29 0.75 0.93 9.70 1.68 1.40 13.99 2.43 Amala- % 19 2840 986 27 5,342 3853 867 301 8 1973 685 691 113 91 7 258 208 14 371 299 21 393 55 59 5 125 136 13 180 195 18 puram .N No. 72.13 16.23 5.64 0.15 36.93 12.82 0.06 53.16 18.46 0.51 12.93 2.12 1.70 0.13 4.83 3.89 0,26 6.94 5.60 0.39 7.36 1.03 1.11 0.09 2.34 2.55 0.24 3.37 3.65 0.34 Cl III % 50 44 B No. 6,414 4347 898 414 14 2044 941 35 2942 1355 888 118 139 14 271 316 30 389 455 44 584 60 105 13 135 240 31 195 345 67.77 14.00 6.46 0.22 31.87 14.67 0.55 45.87 21.12 0.78 13.84 1.84 2.17 0.22 4.22 4.92 0.47 0.06 7.09 0.69 9.11 0.94 1.64 0.20 2.11 3.74 0.48 3.04 5.38 0.69 Grll % 62 370 49 62 370 49 339 31 248 59 32 248 59 396 2 32 286 76 32 288 76 3. c No. 2,083 481 2.35 2.98 17.76 2.35 16.27 0.05 Anaka· % 23.09 2.98 17.76 1.49 11.90 2.83 1.54 11.90 2.83 19.01 0.09 1.54 13.73 3.65 1. 53 13.83 3.45 No. 12,770 7527 575 34 2 4516 2340 60 5091 2374 62 2337 141 19 972 1154 51 1113 1173 51 1435 73 13 495 811 43 558 824 43 palle N 58.94 4.50 0.27 0.02 35.36 18.32 0.47 39.87 18.59 0.49 18.30 1.10 0.15 7.61 9.04 0.40 8.72 9.18 0.40 11.24 0.57 0.10 3.88 6.35 0.34 4.45 6.45 0.34 C1Il % 14,853 8008 575 34 2 4578 2710 109 5153 2744 111 2676 142 19 1003 1402 110 1145 1421 110 1831 73 15 527 1097 119 600 1112 911 B No. 53.91 3.87 0.23 0.01 30.82 18.24 0.73 34.69 1847 0.75 18.02 0.96 0.93 6.75 9.44 0.74 7.11 9.57 0.74 12.33 0.49 0.10 3.55 7.39 0.80 4.04 7.49 0.80 Grl % 448 14 54 3 78 285 14 92 339 17 221 9 31 1 10 164 6 19 195 7 246 2 35 2 12 186 9 14 221 11 4. c No. 1,270 1.10 7.25 26.69 1.34 17.40 0.71 2.44 0.08 0.79 12.91 0.47 1.50 15.35 0.55 19.37 0.16 2.76 0.16 0.94 14.64 0.71 1.10 17.40 O.S7 Bapatla % 35.28 1.11 4.25 9.24 6.14 22.40 N No. 7,925 5488 771 102 2 4066 534 13 4837 636 15 832 95 30 2 538 159 8 633 189 10 799 92 32 2 484 176 12 576 209 14 69.25 9.73 1.29 0.02 51.31 6.74 0.16 61.03 8.05 0.19 10.50 1.20 0.38 0.02 6.79 2.01 0.10 7.99 2.38 0.13 10.08 1.16 0.42 0.02 6.11 2.22 0.15 7.27 2.64 0.19 C1II % 9,195 5936 785 156 5 4144 819 27 4929 975 32 1053 104 61 3 548 323 14 652 384 17 1045 94 68 4 496 962 21 590 430 25 B No. 64.56 8.54 1.70 0.05 46.07 8.81 0.29 53.61 10.60 0.35 11.45 1.13 '0.67 0.03 5.96 3.51 0.15 7.09 4.18 0.18 Jl.36 1.02 0.74 0.04 5.39 3.94 0.23 6.42 4.67 0.27 Grll % C = Conversions; N= New Constructions; B= Total Beneficiaries; No.= Number; SC= Scheduled Castes; ST= Scheduled Tribes; %= Percentage to the total town households in the catogory 0,1,2 = Accessibility to 0, 1, 2 utilities respectively, the utilities being water (TAP) connection and electric connection [ 145 ANNEX-31 Page 2 of Pages 14 BENEFICIARY HOUSEHOLD DISTRIBUTION OF PROJECT TOWNS (Section 8.3.6) INCOME GROUPS ABOVE POVERTY LINE Rs. 650 to Rs. 849 ABOVE Rs. 850 TOWN CATE- TOTAL TOWN SUB- SC&ST OTHERS ALL SUB- SC&ST OTHERS ALL GORY TOTAL TOTAL 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 1. c No 2,387 340 4 10 3 56 162 105 60 172 108 310 4 11 4 27 140 124 31 151 128 Adilabad % 14.24 0.17 0.42 0.12 2.34 6.79 4.40 2.51 7.21 4.52 12.99 0.17 0.46 0.17 1.13 5.87 5.19 1.30 6.32 2.37 N No 5,044 302 27 13 1 131 112 19 158 124 20 186 7 10 53 96 20 60 106 20 Cl III % 5.99 0.53 0.24 0.02 2.60 2.22 0.38 3.13 2.46 0.40 3.69 0.14 0.20 1.05 1.90 0.40 1.19 2.10 0.40 B No 7,431 642 31 22 4 187 274 124 218 296 128 496 11 21 4 80 236 143 91 257 148 Gr li % 8.64 0.42 0.30 0.05 2.51 3.69 1.67 2.94 3.98 1.72 6.67 0.15 0.28 0.05 1.07 3.18 1.94 1.22 3.46 1.99 2. c No 1.072 117 2 30 93 6 68 8 8 98 11 73 2 17 3 3 41 7 5 58 10 Amalapuram % 10.91 0.19 2.80 0.28 0.56 6.34 0.74 0.75 9.14 1.02 6.81 0.19 1.59 0.28 0.28 3.82 0.65 0.47 5.41 0.93 N No 5,342 264 38 38 5 88 84 11 126 122 16 141 18 22 3 43 50 5 61 72 8 CIIII O' {o 4.94 0.71 0.71 0.09 1.65 1.57 0.21 2.36 2.28 0.30 2.64 0.34 0.41 0.06 0.80 0.94 0.09 1.15 1.34 0.15 B No 6,414 381 40 68 8 94 152 19 134 220 27 214 20 39 6 46 91 12 66 130 18 Gr II % 5.74 0.62 1.06 0.12 1.47 2.37 0.30 2.09 3.42 0.43 3.34 0.31 0.61 0.09 0.72 1.42 0.19 1.03 2.03 8.28 3. c No 2,083 443 19 312 112 19 312 112 424 - 1 10 276 142 10 272 142 Anakapalle % 21.27 0.91 14.98 5.38 0.91 14.98 5.38 20.36 - 0.05 0.48 13.01 6.82 0.48 13.06 6.82 N No 12,770 963 38 9 319 548 49 357 557 49 508 19 7 4 138 299 41 157 306 45 Clll % 7.54 0.30 0.07 2.50 4.29 0.38 2.80 4.36 0.38 3.98 0.15 0.06 0.03 1.08 2.34 0.32 1.23 2.40 0.35 B No 14,853 1406 38 9 338 860 161 376 869 161 932 19 8 4 148 570 183 167 571 187 Grl % 9.47 0.26 0.06 2.28 5.79 1.08 2.53 5.85 1.09 6.27 0.13 0.06 0.02 1.00 3.84 1.28 1.12 3.89 1.26 4. c No 1,270 207 1 30 2 4 158 12 5 188 14 148 21 3 1 122 11 1 133 14 Bapatla % 16.30 0.08 2.56 0.16 0.31 12.35 0.94 0.40 14.80 1.10 11.65 1.65 0.24 0.08 8.82 0.86 0.08 10.47 1.10 N No 7,925 564 59 30 311 161 2 370 191 3 242 24 14 1 128 73 2 152 87 3 CIII % 7.12 0.75 0.38 O.ol 3.92 2.03 0.03 4.67 2.41 0.04 3.05 0.30 0.18 0.01 1.62 0.92 0.24 1.92 1.09 0.04 B No 9,195 771 60 60 3 315 319 14 375 379 17 390 24 35 4 129 185 13 153 220 17 Grll % 8.39 0.65 0.65 0.04 3.43 3.47 0.15 4.08 4.12 0.19 4.24 0.26 0.38 0.05 1.40 2.01 0.14 1.66 2.39 0.16 C = Conversions; N=- New Constructions; B== Total Beneficiaries; No.= Number; SC= Scheduled Castes; ST= Scheduled Tribes; %= Percentage to the total town households in the category 0,1,2 = Accessibility to 0, 1, 2 utilities respectively, the utilities being water (TAP) connection aad electric connection ( 146 ANNEX-31 Page 3 of Pages 14 BENEFICIARY HOUSEHOLD DISTRIBUTION OF PROJECT TOWNS (Section 8.3.6) INCOME GROUPS BELOW POVERTY LINE TOWN CAT.E- TOTAL UPTO RS. 449 RS. 450 to RS. 549 RS. 550 to RS. 649 GORY TOWN SUB· SC&ST OTHERS ALL SUB- SC&ST OTHERS ALL SUB- SC&ST OTHERS ALL TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 5. Bhee- C No. 759 235 2 16 10 15 121 71 17 137 81 151 10 7 8 73 52 9 83 59 152 2 10 6 12 75 47 14 85 53 muni- % 30.96 0.26 2.11 1.32 1.97 15.94 9.36 2.24 18.05 10.67 19.89 0.13 1.32 0.92 1.05 9.62 6.85 1.19 10.93 7.77 20.03 0.27 1.32 0. 79 1.58 9.88 6.19 1.85 11 20 6.98 5,174 2634 252 55 9 1S54 400 ~4 2106 455 73 1411 115 40 14 846 297 99 961 337 713 609 43 18 12 319 134 83 362 152 95 patnam N No. CI III % 50.91 4.87 1.06 0.18 35.83 7.73 1.24 40.70 8.80 1.41 27.27 2.22 0.77 0.27 16.35 5.74 1.92 18.57 6.51 2.19 11.77 0.83 0.35 0.23 6.17 2.59 1.60 6.99 2.94 1.84 B No. 5,933 2869 254 71 19 1869 521 135 2123 592 154 1562 116 50 21 854 370 151 970 420 172 761 45 28 18 331 209 130 376 237 148 Gr III % 48.36 4.28 1.20 0.32 31.50 8.78 2.28 35.78 9.98 2.60 26.33 1.96 0.84 0.35 U.39 6.24 2.55 10.35 7.08 2.90 12.82 0.76 0.47 0.30 5.58 3.52 2.19 6.34 3.99 2.49 6. Dha- C No. 409 150 33 16 2 30 69 35 46 69 79 24 55 24 55 67 8 30 29 8 30 29 rma- % 36.67 8 07 3.91 0.49 7.33 16.87 8.56 11.24 16.87 19.32 5.87 13.45 5.87 13.45 16.38 1.96 7.33 7.09 1.96 7.33 7.09 varam N No. 7,385 3887 284 97 16 2102 1334 54 2386 1431 70 1284 40 57 541 604 42 581 661 42 841 16 16 310 463 36 326 479 36 Cliii % 52.63 3.85 1.31 0.22 28.46 18.06 0.73 32.31 19.37 0.95 17.39 0.54 0.77 7.33 8.18 0.57 7.87 8.95 0.57 11.39 0.22 0.22 4.19 6.27 0.49 4.41 6.49 0.49 B -No. 7,794 4037 317 113 16 2104 1364 123 2421 1477 139 1363 40 57 541 628 97 581 685 97 908 24 16 310 493 65 334 509 65 Gr III % 51.80 4.07 1.45 0.21 27.00 17.49 1.58 31.06 18 95 1.79 17.49 0.51 0.73 6.94 8.06 1.25 7.45 8.79 1.25 11.65 0.31 0.21 3.98 6.32 0.83 4.29 6.53 0.83 7. C No. 234 67 1 4 1 8 41 12 9 45 13 73 0 4 2 6 42 19 6 46 21 57 - 3 2 4 30 18 4 33 20 Gad- % 28.63 0.43 1.71 0.43 3.41 17.52 5.13 3.85 19.23 5.55 31.20 1.71 0.85 2.56 17.95 8.12 2.57 19.66 8.97 24.36 - 1.28 0.86 1.71 12.82 7.69 1.71 14.10 8.55 wal N No. 5,496 3042 202 63 6 2011 640 60 2273 703 66 1313 78 35 4 803 353 40 881 388 44 685 40 18 3 411 182 31 451 200 34 CIIH % 55.35 3.68 1.15 0.11 37.68 I 1.64 1.09 41.36 12.79 1.20 23.89 1.42 0.64 0.07 14.66 6.42 0.73 16.03 7.06 0.80 12.46 0.73 0.33 0.05 7-48 3.31 0.56 8.20 3.64 0.62 B No. 5, 730 3109 203 67 7 2079 681 72 2282 748 79 1386 78 39 7 809 395 59 887 434 65 742 40 21 5 415 212 49 455 233 54 Gr III % 54.26 3 54 1.17 0.12 36.28 11.89 1.26 39.83 13.05 1.38 24.19 1.36 0.68 0.12 14.11 6.89 1.03 15.48 7.57 1.14 12.95 0.70 0.37 0.09 7.24 3.70 0.85 7.94 4.07 0.94 8. C No. 2,031 964 29 66 20 231 450 168 260 516 188 382 5 30 12 42 191 102 47 221 114 258 2 14 12 22 110 98 24 124 110 Gudi· % 47.47 1.43 3.25 0.98 11.37 22.16 8.27 12.80 25.41 9.26 18.81 0.25 1.48 0.59 2.07 9.40 5.02 2.32 10.88 5.61 12.70 0.10 0.69 0.59 1.08 5.42 4.82 1.18 6.11 5.41 vada N No. 11,748 9066 709 241 32 5840 1974 270 6549 2215 302 1211 60 60 11 494 491 95 554 551 106 699 29 37 10 240 305 78 269 342 88 CIII % 77.17 6.04 2.05 0.27 49.71 16.80 230 55.74 18.85 2.58 10.31 0.51 0.51 0.09 4.21 4.18 0.81 4.72 4.69 0.90 5 95 0.25 0.31 0.09 2.04 2.60 0.66 2.29 2.91 0.75 B No. 13,779 10029 738 297 52 6071 2434 438 6809 2731 490 1593 65 90 23 536 682 197 601 772 220 957 31 51 22 262 415 176 293 466 198 Spl. Gr. % 72.79 5.36 2.15 0.38 44.06 17.66 3.18 49.41 19.82 3.56 11.56 0.47 0.65 0.17 3.89 4.95 1.43 4.36 5.60 1.60 6.95 0.23 0.37 0.16 1.90 3.01 1.28 2.13 3.38 1.44 C = Conversions; N== New Constructions; B= Total Beneficiaries; No.= Number; SC== Scheduled Castes; ST= Scheduled Tribes; %= Percentage to the total town households in the category 0,1,2 = Accessibility to 0, 1, 2 utilities respectively, the utilities being water (TAP) connection and electric connection [ 147 l ANNBX-31 Page 4 of Pages 14 BENEFICIARY HOUSEHOLD DISTRlBUTION OF PROJECT TOWNS (Section 8.3.6) INCOME GROUPS ABOVE POVERTY LINE CATE- Rs. 650 to 849 ABOVE Rs. 850 TOWN GORY TOTAL SUB- SC&ST OTHERS ALL SUB- SC&ST OTHERS ALL TOWN TOTAL TOTAL 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 5. C No. 759 125 I 6 8 4 47 59 5 53 77 96 4 8 2 25 57 2 29 65 Bheemuni- % 16.47 0,13 0.79 1.06 0.53 6.19 7.77 o.66 2.98 8.83 12.65 0.53 1.06 0.26 3.29 7.51 0.26 3.82 8.57 patnam N No. 5,174 275 17 10 6 128 72 42 145 82 48 245 11 7 11 83 54 79 94 61 90 Cl. III % 5.32 0.33 0.19 0.12 2.48 1.39 0.81 2.80 1.59 0.93 4.73 0.21 0.14 0.21 1.60 1.04 1.53 1.81 1.18 1.74 B No. 5,933 500 18 16 14 132 199 101 150 135 115 341 11 11 19 85 79 136 96 90 155 Gr. III % 6.74 0.30 0.27 0,24 2.22 2.01 1.70 2.53 2.27 1.94 5.75 0.19 0.19 0.32 1.43 1.33 2.29 1.62 1.25 2.61 6. C No. 409 74 33 40 1 33 40 39 22 17 - 22 17 Dharmavaram % 18.09 0.24 8.07 9.78 0.24 8.07 9.78 9.54 5.38 4.16 - 5.38 4.16 N No. 7,385 856 16 16 271 509 44 287 525 44 517 151 324 42 151 324 42 CI. III % 11.59 0.22 0.22 3.67 6.89 0.59 3.89 7.11 0.59 7.00 2.04 4.39 0.57 2.04 4.39 0.57 B No. 7,79~ 930 16 16 272 542 84 288 558 84 556 151 346 59 151 346 59 Gr. III % 11.93 0.21 0.20 3.49 6.95 1.08 3.69 7.16 1.08 7.13 1.94 4.44 0.75 1.94 4.44 0.75 7. C No. 234 18 - 1 1 3 6 7 3 7 8 19 1 1 6 11 7 12 Gadwal % 7.69 - 0.43 0.43 1.28 2.56 2.99 1.28 2.99 3.42 8.12 0.43 0.43 2.56 4.70 2.99 5.13 N No. 5,496 335 24 4 2 243 43 19 267 47 21 121 7 2 2 75 14 21 82 16 23 CI. III % 6.10 0.44 0.07 0.04 4.42 0.78 0.35 4.86 0.86 0.38 2.20 0.13 0.04 0.04 1.36 0.25 0.38 1.49 0.29 0.42 B No. 5,730 353 24 5 3 246 49 26 270 54 29 140 7 3 3 75 20 32 82 23 35 Gr. III % 6.16 0.42 0.09 0.05 4.29 0.86 0.45 4.71 0.94 0.51 2.44 0.12 0.05 0.05 1.31 0.35 0.56 1.43 0.40 0.61 8. C No. 2,031 246 - 14 12 11 110 9~ 11 124 111 181 2 10 8 12 81 68 14 91 76 Gudivada % 12.11 - 0.69 0.59 0.54 5.42 4.87 0.54 6.11 5.46 8.91 0.10 0.49 0.39 0.59 3.99 3.35 0.69 4.48 3.74 N No. 11,748 432 13 22 11 107 187 92 120 209 103 340 13 15 9 105 124 74 118 139 83 CI~ II % 3.68 0.11 0.19 0.10 0.91 1.59 0.78 1;02 1. 78 0.88 2.89 0.11 0.13 0.08 0.89 1.05 0.63 1.00 1.18 0.71 B No. 13,779 678 13 36 23 118 279 191 131 333 214 521 15 26 17 117 205 142 132 230 159 Spl. Gr. % 4.92 0.09 0.26 0.17 086 2.15 1.39 0.95 2.42 1.55 3.78 0.11 0.18 0.12 0.85 1.49 1.03 0.96 1.67 1.15 C = Conversions; N- New Constructions; B== Total Beneficiaries; No.= Number; SC=s Scheduled Castes; St= Scheduled Tribes; %= Percentage to the total town households in the category 0,1,2 -= Accessibility to 0, 1, 2 utilities respectively, the utilities being water (TAP) connection and electric connection ~ 148 ] ANNEX-31 Page 5 of Pages 14 DENEFICIARY HOUSEHOLD biSTRIBUTION OF PROJECT TOWNS (Section 8.3.6) -----------------------------------------------"""'"'"-----------~·-- INCOME ------------------ GROUPS BELOW POVERTY LINE TOWN CATE- TOTAL UPTO RS. 449 RS. 450 to RS. 549 RS. 550 to RS. 649 GORY TOWN SUB- SC&ST OTHERS ALL SUB- SC&ST OTHERS ALL SUB- SC&ST OTHERS ALL TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 9. C No. 2,052 582 7 7 3 139 284 142 146 291 145 353 13 2 58 t75 114 59 178 116 385 6 2 2 58 190 127 64 192 129 Gun- % 28.35 0.32 0.34 0.14 6.75 13.86 6.94 7.11 14.18 7.06 17.21 0.05 0.14 0.11 2.81 8.54. 5.56 2.88 8.68 5.65 18.78 0.30 0.10 0.10 2.85 9.26 6.17 3.12 9.36 6.30 taka) NNo. 11,868 7133 456 63 8 4656 1556 394 5112 1619 402 1606 51 1 3 870 599 82 921 600 85 1374 50 15 3 604 533 169 654 548 172 Clll % 60.10 3.84 0.53 0.07 39.23 13.11 3.32 43.07 3.64 3.39 13!53 0.43 O.ot 0.02 7.33 5.o.S 0.69 7.76 5.05 0.72 11.58 0.42 0.13 0.03 5.09 4.49 1.42 5.51 4.62 1.45 B No. 13,920 7715 463 70 11 4795 1840 536 5256 1910 547 1959 52 4 5 928 774 196 989 778 201 1759 56 17 5 662 723 296 718 740 301 Gri % 55.42 3.32 0.05 0.08 34.45 13.22 4.52 37.76 13.73 3.93 14.07 0 37 0.03 0.04 6.66 5.56 1.41 7.04 5.59 1.44 12.64 0.40 0.12 0.04 4.76 5.19 2.13 5.16 5.32 2.16 10. C No. 8,423 1791 78 168 228 216 469 632 294 637 860 2038 54 266 220 150 737 611 20~ 1003 831 2031 39 228 271 108 632 753 147 860 1024 Karim- % 21.26 0.93 2.00 2.10 2 56 5.57 7.50 3.49 7.56 10.21 24.20 0.64 3.16 2.61 1.78 8.75 7.26 2.42 11.91 9.87 24.11 0.46 2.71 3.22 1.28 7.50 8.94 1.74 10.21 12.16 nagar N No. 5,434 1414 268 93 13 745 260 35 1013 353 48 817 149 59 8 415 162 24 564 221 32 722 123 56 13 340 154 36 463 210 49 Cl II % 26.02 4.93 1.71 0.24 13.71 4.79 0.64 18.64 6.50 0.88 15.04 2.74 1.09 0.15 7.64 2.9$ 0.44 10.38 4.07 0.59 13.29 2.26 1.03 0.24 6.26 2.84 0.66 8.52 3.87 0.90 B No. 13,857 3205 346 261 21 961 729 667 1307 990 908 2855 203 352 228 565 899 635 768 1224 863 2753 162 284 284 448 786 789 610 1070 1073 Grii % 23.13 2.50 1.88 0.15 6.93 5.26 4.81 9.43 7.15 6.55 20.60 1.46 2.35 1.64 4.08 6.49 4.58 5.54 8.83 6.23 19.87 1.17 2.05 2.05 3.23 5.67 5.70 4.40 7.72 7.75 11. C No. 1,845 476 1 63 404 8 63 405 8 372 28 32q 18 28 326 18 352 18 325 9 18 325 9 Kav- % 25.80 0.05 3.42 21.90 0.43 3.42 21.95 0.43 20.16 1.42 17.61 0.97 1.52 17.67 0.97 19.08 0.98 17.61 0.49 0.98 17.61 0.49 ali N No. 5,802 4560 1152 102 9 2211 1056 30 3363 1158 39 1130 100 30 488 497 15 588 527 15 613 51 H 207 334 10 258 345 10 Cl III % 67.04 16.94 1.50 0.13 32.50 15.5?. 0.44 49.44 17.03 0.57 16.61 1.47 0.44 7.17 7.3\ 0.22 8.64 7 75 0.22 9.01 0.75 0.16 3.04 4.91 0.15 3.79 5.07 0.15 B No. 8,647 5036 1152 103 9 2274 1460 38 3426 1563 47 1502 100 30 516 82, 33 616 853 33 965 51 11 225 659 19 276 670 19 Grll % 58.24 13.32 1.19 0.10 26.30 16.89 0.44 39.62 18.08 0.54 17.37 1.15 0.35 3.97 9.52 0.38 7.12 9.87 0.38 11.16 0.59 0.13 2.60 7.62 0.22 3.19 7.75 0.22 12. C No. 4,242 1188 11 12 12 215 319 559 226 391 571 611 3 9 9 186 17Q 234 189 179 243 864 6 3 9 269 237 340 275 240 349 Kham- % 28.00 0.26 0.28 0.28 5.07 8.93 13.18 5.33 9.21 13.46 14.40 0.07 0.21 0.21 4.38 4.01 5.52 4.45 4.22 5.73 20.37 0.14 0.07 0.21 6.34 5.59 8.02 6.48 5.66 8.23 mam N No. 10,342 6350 1252 68 52 4000 725 253 5252 793 305 1430 227 18 14 791 247 133 1018 265 147 1226 152 21 15 663 271 104 815 292 119 CI I % 61.40 12.10 0.66 0.50 38.68 7.01 2.45 50.78 7.67 2.95 13.83 2.19 0.17 0.14 7.65 2.39 1.29 9.85 2.56 1.42 11.85 1.47 0.20 0.14 6.41 2.62 1.01 7.88 2.82 1.15 B No. 14,584 7538 1263 80 64 4215 1104 812 5478 1184 876 2041 230 27 23 977 417 367 1207 444 390 2090 158 24 24 932 508 444 1090 532 468 Grl % 51.69 8.66 0.55 0.44 7.57 7.57 5.57 37.56 8.12 6.01 13.99 1.58 6.18 0.16 6.70 2.86 2.51 8.28 3.04 2.67 14.33 1.08 0.17 0.17 6.39 3.48 3.04 7.47 3.65 3.21 ------,....------------------------------"'" c = Conversions; N= New Constructions; B= Total Beneficiaries; No.= Number; SC= Scheduled Castes; ST= Scheduled Tribes; %= Percentage to the total town households in the category 0,1,2 = Accessibility to 0, 1, 2 utilities respectively, the utilities being water (TAP) connection and electric connection t 149 ANNEX-31 Page 6 of Pages 14 BENEFlCIAR Y HOUSEHOLD DISTRIBUTION OF PROJECT TOWNS (Section 8.3.6) INCOME GROUPS ABOVE POVERTY LINE Rs. 650 to Rs. 849 ABOVE Rs. 850 TOWN CATE- TOTAL SUB- SC&ST OTHERS ALL SUB- SC&ST OTHERS ALL GORY TOWN TOTAL TOTAL 0 1 2 0 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 9. C No. 2,052 411 2 43 200 164 44 202 165 321 1 3 33 151 133 33 152 136 Guntakal % 20.02 0.05 0.08 0.05 2.08 9.77 7.99 2.14 9.84 8.04 15.64 0.06 0.12 1.39 7.38 6.49 1.61 7.41 6.62 N No. 11,868 1075 32 31 I 485 455 71 517 486 72 680 12 7 2 147 213 299 159 220 301 Cl. 1I Q/ /o 9.06 0.27 0.26 0.01 4.09 3.83 0.60 4.36 4.09 0.61 5.73 0.10 0.06 0.02 1.24 1. 79 2.52 1.34 1.85 2.54 B No. 13.920 1486 33 33 2 528 655 335 561 688 237 1001 12 8 5 180 264 432 192 372 437 Gr. I % 10.68 0.24 0.24 0.01 3.79 4.71 1.69 4.03 4.94 1.75 7.19 0.09 0.06 0.04 1.29 2.62 3 10 1.38 2.67 3.14 10. C No. 8,423 1745 25 173 264 70 481 732 95 654 996 818 7 77 133 19 213 369 26 290 502 Karimnagar % 20.72 0.30 2.05 3.14 0.83 5. 71 8.69 1.13 7.76 11.83 9.71 0.08 0.91 1.58 0.23 2.53 4.38 0.31 3.44 5.96 N No. 5,434 592 114 35 8 316 97 22 430 132 30 1889 478 16 6 1328 45 16 1806 61 22 Cl. II % 10.89 2.10 0.64 0.15 5.81 1. 79 0.40 7.91 2.43 0.55 34.76 8.80 0.29 0.11 24.44 0.83 0.29 33.24 1.12 0.40 B No. 13,857 2337 139 208 272 386 578 754 525 786 1026 2707 485 93 139 1347 258 385 1832 351 524 Gr. II % 16.87 1.00 1.50 1.97 2.79 4.17 5.44 3.79 5.67 7.41 19.53 3.50 0.67 1.01 9.71 1.86 2.78 13.22 2.53 3.78 11. C No. 1,845 347 2 9 331 5 9 333 5 298 1 4 286 1 4 287 7 Kavali % 18.81 0.11 0.49 17.94 0.27 0.49 18.05 0.27 16.15 0.05 0.22 15.50 0.38 0.22 15.55 0.38 N No. 6,802 333 13 4 123 189 4 136 193 4 166 2 1 53 100 10 55 101 10 CI.III % 4.90 0.19 0.06 1.81 2.73 0.06 2.00 2.84 0.06 2.44 0.03 0.01 0.78 1.47 0.15 0.81 1.48 0.15 B No. 8,647 680 13 6 132 520 9 145 526 9 464 2 2 57 386 17 59 388 17 Gr. II % 7.86 0.15 0.07 1.53 6.01 0.10 1.68 6.08 0.10 5.37 0.02 0.02 0.66 4.47 0.20 0.68 4.49 0.20 12. C No. 4,242 819 8 - 3 182 201 425 190 201 428 760 1 - 8 80 210 461 81 210 469 Khammam % 19.31 0.19 - 0.07 4.29 4.74 10.02 4.48 4.74 10.09 17.92 0.02 - 0.19 1.89 4.95 10.87 1.91 4.95 11.06 N No. 10,342 819 70 11 4 393 205 136 463 216 140 517 26 6 1 219 160 105 245 166 106 Cl. I % 7.92 0.68 0.11 0.04 3.80 1.98 1.31 4.48 2.09 1.35 5.00 0.25 0.06 0,01 2.12 1.55 1.01 2.37 1.61 1.02 B No. 14,584 1638 78 11 7 575 406 561 653 417 568 1277 27 6 9 299 370 566 326 376 575 Gr. I % 11.23 0.53 0.08 0.05 3.94 2.78 3.85 4.48 2.86 3.89 8.76 0.19 0.04 0.06 2.05 2.54 3.88 2.24 2.58 3.94 c = Conversions; N= New Constructions; B= Total Beneficiaries; No.= No.t.n~er; SC= Scheduled Castes; ST= Scheduled Tribes; %= Percentage to the total town households in the category 0,1,2 = Accessibility to 0, 1, 2 utilities respectively, the utilities being water (TAP) connection and electric connection [ 15Q ANNEX-3I Page 7 of Pages 14 BENEFICIARY HOUSEHOLD DISTRIBUTION OF PROJECT TOWNS (Section 8.3.6) -- ·~----·-· INCOME GROUPS BELOW POVERTY LINE TOWN CATE- TOTAL UPTO RS. 449 RS. 450 to RS. 549 RS. 550 to RS. 649 GORY TOWN SUB· SC&ST OTHERS ALL SUB- SC&ST OTHERS ALL SUB- SC&ST OTHERS ALL TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL 0 I 2 0 1 2 0 I 2 0 I 2 0 1 2 0 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 13. C No. 4,443 1030 30 79 18 211 562 130 241 641 148 692 14 44 27 lOI 318 188 115 362 215 780 14 58 24 99 413 172 113 471 196 Mahabub· % 23.18 0.68 1.77 0.40 4.75 I2.65 2.93 5.42 14.43 3.33 15.58 0.32 0.99 0.61 2.27 7.I6 4.23 2.59 8.15 4.84 17.55 0.31 1.30 0.54 2.23 9.30 3.87 2.54 10.60 4.41 nagar N No. 6,974 3917 364 105 20 2596 749 143 2960 854 163 I055 8I 38 II 575 271 79 656 309 90 853 58 37 10 413 266 69 471 303 79 5.22 1.51 0.29 37.22 10.74 2.05 42.44 12.25 2.34 I5.13 1.16 0.54 O.I6 8.25 3.89 1.13 9.41 4.43 1.29 12.23 0.83 0.53 0.14 5.92 3.82 0.99 6 75. 4,35 1.13 CIII % 57.03 B No. 11,417 5007 394 184 38 2807 1311 273 3Z01 149.5 311 1747 95 82 38 676 589. 267 771 671 305 1633 72 95 34 512 679 241 584 774 275 Grll % 43.86 3.45 1.61 0.34 24.59 11.48 2.39 28.04 ]3.10 2.72 15.30 0.83 0.72 0.33 5.92 5.16 2.34 6.75 5.88 2.67 14.30 0.63 0.83 0.30 4.48 5.95 2.11 5.12 6.78 2.41 I4. C No. 2,664 887 235 612 40 235 612 40 448 65 365 18 65 365 18 372 24 314 34 24 314 34 Madana· % 33.33 8.82 22.98 1.50 8.82 22.98 1.50 I6.82 2.44 13.70 0.68 2.44 13.70 0.68 13.96 0.90 11.79 1.27 0.90 11.79 1.27 palle N No. 4,439 3055 569 54 1627 685 120 2196 739 120 563 46 7 253 246 11 299 253 11 340 12 7 130 180 11 142 187 11 CIII % 68.82 12.82 1.22 36.65 15.43 2.70 49.47 16.64 3.71 12.68 1.03 0.16 5.70 5.54 0.25 6.74 5.70 0.24 1.660.27 0.16 2.93 4.05 0.25 3.20 4.21 0.25 B No. 7,103 3942 569 54 1862 1297 160 2431 1351 160 lOll 46 7 318 611 29 364 618 29 712 12 7 154 494 45 166 501 45 Grll % 55.50 8.01 0.76 26 22 18.26 2.25 34.22 19.02 2.26 14.23 0.65 0.10 4.47 8.60 0.41 5.12 8.70 0.41 10.02 0.17 0.10 2.17 6.95 0.63 2.34 7.05 0.63 I5. C No. 2,217 409 6 26 17 43 192 125 49 218 142 357 3 25 14 24 186 105 27 211 119 441 6 33 14 40 245 103 46 278 117 Nand· Of /O 18.45 0.27 1.17 0.77 1.94 8.66 5.64 2.21 9.83 6.41 16.10 0.14 1.13 0.63 1.08 3.88 4.73 1.22 9.52 5.36 19.89 0.27 1.49 0.63 1.80 11.05 4.65 2.07 12.54 5.28 yal N No. 12,686 6632 616 162 17 4522 1188 127 5138 1350 144 2060 150 85 12 1099 624 90 1249 709 102 1722 120 15 11 884 550 82 1004 625 93 52.28 4.86 1.28 0.13 35.65 9.36 1.00 40.51 10.64 1.13 16.24 1.18 0.67 0.10 8.66 4.92 0.71 9.85 5.59 0.80 13.59 0.94 0.59 0.09 6.97 4.33 0.65 7.91 4.93 0.13 Clll % B No. 14,903 7041 622 188 34 4565 1380 252 5187 1568 286 2417 153 110 26 1123 810 195 1276 920 221 2163 126 108 25 924 795 185 1050 903 210 47.25 4.18 1.26 0.23 30.63 9.26 1.69 34.81 10.52 1.92 16.22 1.03 0.74 0.17 7.54 5.43 1.31 8.56 6.18 1.48 14.51 0.84 0.72 0.16 6.20 5.33 1.24 7.04 6.05 1.41 Grl % 153 - 4 2 25 58 64 25 62 66 139 2 6 10 55 66 12 55 12 187 -- 2 6 11 87 81 11 89 87 16. C No. I,045 14.64 -- 0.38 0.19 2.39 5.55 6.13 2.39 5.93 6.32 13.30 0.19 0.57 0.96 5.26 6.32 1.15 5.26 6.89 17.90 - 0.19 0.58 1.05 8.33 7.75 1.05 8.52 8.33 Ongole % 893 221 1037 962 N No. 12,796 5121 1007 122 8 2471 1275 238 3478 1397 246 2240 229 65 6 927 783 230 1156 848 236 2240 191 69 20 846 241 40.02 7.87 0.95 0.06 19.31 9.97 1.86 27.18 10.92 1.92 17.51 1.79 0.51 0.05 7.24 6.12 1.80 9.03 6.63 1.85 17.51 1.49 0.54 0.16 6.61 6.98 1.73 8.11 1.52 1.88 CIII % 937 838 296 1168 308 2427 191 71 26 857 980 302 1048 1051 B No. 13,841 5274 1007 126 10 2496 1333 302 3503 1459 312 2379 231 65 12 903 328 38 10 7.28 0.91 0.07 18.03 9.63 2.18 25.31 10.54 2.25 17.19 1.67 0.47 0.09 6.77 6.05 2.14 8.44 6.52 2.23 17.53 1.38 0.51 0.19 6.19 7.08 2.18 7.57 7.59 2.37 Spl. Gr. % c = Conversions; N= New Constructions; B= Total Beneficiaries; No.= Number; SC= Scheduled Castes; ST= Scheduled Tribes; %= Percentage to the total town households in the category 0,1,2 = Accessibility t0 0, I, 2 utilities respectively, the utilities being water (TAP) connection and electric connection ~ Ul ANNEX-3i Page 8 of Pages 14 BENEFICIARY HOUSEHOLD DISTRIBUTION OF PROJECT TOWNS (Section 8.3.6) ---~------------------------------------------------------------------~----------~------------------------------------------------------------------------------ INCOME GROUPS ABOVE POVERTY LINE Rs. 650 to Rs. 849 ABOVE Rs. 850 TOWN CATE- TOTAL SUB- SC&ST OTHERS ALL SUB- SC&ST OTHERS ALL GORY TOWN TOTAL TOTAL 0 1 2 0 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 13. c No. 4,443 1017 12 71 42 88 509 295 100 580 337 924 8 54 51 55 389 367 63 443 418 Mababubnagar % 22.89 0.27 1.60 0.94 1.98 11.46 6.64 2.25 13.05 7.59 20.80 0.18 1.21 1.15 1.24 8.76 8.26 1.42 9.97 9.41 N No. 6,974 704 39 38 9 282 272 64 321 310 . 73 385 18 22 7 129 160 49 147 182 56 CJ. II % 10.09 0.56 0.54 0.13 4.04 3.90 2.92 4.60 4.44 1.05 5.52 0.26 0.32 0.10 1.85 2.29 0.70 2.11 2.61 0.80 B No. 11,417 1721 51 109 51 370 781 359 421 890 410 1309 26 76 58 184 549 416 210 625 474 Gr II % 15.07 0.45 0.95 0.45 3.24 6.84 3.14 3.69 7.79 3.59 11.47 0.23 0.67 0.51 1.61 4.81 3.64 1.84 5.48 4.15 14. c No 2,664 488 28 430 30 28 430 30 469 16 422 31 16 422 31 Madanapalle % 18.32 1.05 16.14 1.13 1.05 16.14 1.13 17.60 0.60 15.84 1.16 0.60 15.84 1.16 N No. 4,439 306 7 104 191 4 Ill 191 4 175 3 51 115 6 54 115 6 Cl. II B % No. 7,103 6.90 794 , 0.16 2.35 132 4.30 621 0.09 34 2.50 139 4.31 621 0.09 34 3.94 644 0.07 3 1.15 67 2.59 537 0.13 37 1.22 70 2.59 537 0.13 37 Gr II % 11.18 0.10 1.86 8.74 0,48 1.96 8.74 0.48 9.07 0.04 0.95 7.56 0.52 0.99 7.56 0.52 15. c No. 2,217 569 4 38 27 25 282 193 29 320 :C20 441 3 22 28 19 163 206 22 185 234 Nandyal % 25.67 0.18 1.71 1.22 1.13 12.72 8.71 1.31 14.44 9.92 19.89 0.14 0.99 1.26 0.86 7.35 9.29 0.99 8.34 10.56 N No. 12,686 1467 85 76 15 630 555 106 715 631 121 805 38 47 11 279 347 83 317 394 94 CI. II % 11.56 0.67 0.60 0.12 4.97 4.37 0.83 5.64 4.99 0.95 6.35 0.30 0.37 0.09 2.20 2. 74 0.65 2.50 3.11 0.74 B No. 14,903 2036 89 114 42 655 837 299 744 951 341 1246 41 69 39 298 510 289 339 579 328 Gr. I % 13.66 0.60 0.76 0.28 4.39 5.62 2.01 4.99 6.38 2.29 8.36 0.28 0.46 0.26 2.00 3.42 1.94 2.27 3.89 2.20 16. c No. 1,045 302 2 12 4 13 120 151 15 132 155 264 2 10 23 3 100 126 5 110 149 Ongole % 28.90 0.19 1.15 0.38 1.25 11.48 14.45 1.44 12.63 14.83 25.26 0.19 0.95 2.20 0.29 9.57 12.06 0 48 10.52 14.26 N No. 12,796 2135 181 81 16 719 883 255 900 964 271 1060 67 67 22 315 421 168 382 488 190 CI. II % 16.68 1.41 0.63 0.13 5.62 6.90 1.99 7.03 7.53 2.12 8.28 0.53 0.52 0.17 2.46 3.29 1.31 2.99 3.81 1.48 B No. 13,841 2437 183 93 20 732 1003 406 915 1096 426 1324 69 77 45 318 521 294 387 598 339 Spl. Gr. % 17.61 1.32 0.67 0.15 5.29 7.25 2.93 6.61 7.92 3.08 9.57 0.50 0.56 0.33 2.30 3.76 2.12 2.80 4.32 2.45 C = Conversions; N= New Constructions; B= Total Beneficiaries; No.= Number; SC= Scheduled Castes; ST= Scheduled Tribes; %= Percentage to the total town households in the category 0,1,2 = Accessibility to 0, l, 2 utilities respectively, the utilities being water (TAP) connection and electric connection ( 152 ANNEX-31 Page 9 of Pages 14 BENEFICIARY HOUSEHOLD DISTRIBUTION OF PROJECT TOWNS (Section 8.3.6) INCOME GROUPS BELOW POVERTY LINE TOWN CATE- TOTAL UPTO RS. 449 RS. 450 to RS. 549 RS. 550 to RS. 649 GORY TOWN SUB- SC&ST OTHERS ALL SUB- SC&ST OTHERS ALL SUB- SC&ST OTHERS ALL TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 17. C No. 2,684 1275 62 58 0 421 681 53 483 739 63 420 8 17 63 300 32 71 317 32 344 8 11 47 234 44 55 245 44 Pro- % 47.50 2.31 2.16 15.69 25.37 1.97 17.99 27.53 1.98 15.65 0.30 0.63 2.35 11.18 1.19 2.65 11.81 1.19 12.82 0.30 0.41 1.75 8.72 1.64 2.05 9.13 1.64 ddatur N No. 14,555 9353 575 99 2 5933 2676 78 6508 2775 70 1513 21 35 744 679 34 765 714 34 1435 33 25 683 655 39 716 680 39 CII % 64.26 3.95 0.68 0.01 40.76 18.39 0.47 44.71 19.07 0.48 10.40 0.15 0.24 5.11 4.67 0.23 5.26 4.91 0.23 9.86 0.23 0.17 4.69 4.50 0.27 4.92 4.67 0.27 B No. 17,239 10628 637 157 2 6354 3357 221 6991 3514 123 1933 29 52 807 979 66 836 1031 66 1779 41 36 730 889 83 771 925 83 61.65 3.70 0.91 0.01 36.86 19.47 0.70 40.56 20.38 0.71 11.21 0.17 0.30 4.68 5.68 0.38 4.85 5.98 0.38 10.82 0.24 0.21 4.23 5.16 0.48 4.47 5.37 0.48 Grl % 18. C No. 1,174 490 14 24 50 64 Ill 227 78 135 277 336 6 15 40 24 68 183 30 83 223 260 4 9 34 19 41 153 23 50 187. 27.62 0.79 1.35 2.82 3.61 6.27 12.79 4.40 7.61 15.61 18.94 0.34 0.85 2.25 1.35 3.83 10.32 1.69 4.68 12.57 14.66 0.23 0.51 1.92 1.07 2.31 0.62 1.30 2.82 10.54 Sanga- % No. 2,332 1365 157 61 28 713 374 127 270 340 155 400 31 23 18 143 }05 80 174 128 98 232 13 15 14 59 69 62 72 84 76 reddy N % 58.53 6.73 2.62 1.20 30.57 1L96 5.45 7.31 14.58 6.64 17.15 1.33 0.99 0.77 6.13 4,50 3.43 7.48 5.49 4.18 9.95 0.56 0.64 0.60 2.53 2.96 2.66 3.09 3.60 3.26 Cllii B No. 4,106 1855 171 85 78 777 390 354 948 475 432 736 37 38 58 167 173 263 204 211 321 492 17 24 48 78 110 215 95 134 263 45.18 4.17 2.07 1.90 18.92 9.50 8.62 23.99 11.57 10.52 17.92 0.90 0.93 1.41 4.07 4.21 6.40 4.97 5.14 7.81 11.98 0.41 0.58 1.17 1.90 2.68 5.24 2.31 3.26 6.41 Gr III % 19. C No. 1,980 597 17 21 21 106 284 148 123 305 169 255 11 15 22 125 82 22 136 79 347 4 9 13 29 177 115 33 186 128 30.15 0.86 1.06. 1.06 5.35 14.34 7.48 6.21 15.40 8.54 12.88 0.56 0.76 1.11 6,31 4.14 1.11 6.87 4.90 17.52 0.20 0.45 0.66 1.46 8.94 5.81 1.67 9.39 6.46 Srika- % No. 9,323 5701 845 229 21 3284 1177 145 4129 1406 166 1308 103 90 6 557 486 66 660 576 72. 1082 73 36 9 393 466 105 466 502 114 kulam N CIII % 61.15 9.06 2.46 0.23 35.23 12.64 1.56 44.29 15.08 1.78 14.03 1.11 0.97 0.06 5.97 5.21 0.71 7.03 6.18 0.77 11.60 0.78 0.38 0.10 4.21 s.oo 1.13 5.00 5.38 1.22 B No. 11,303 6298 862 250 42 3390 1461 293 4252 1711 335 1563 103 101 21 579 611 148 682 712 169 1429 77 45 22 422 643 220 499 688 242 55.72 7.62 2.21 0.37 30.00 12.72 2.59 37.62 15.14 2.79 13.83 0.91 0.89 0.19 5.12 5.41 1.31 6.03 6.30 1.50 12.64 0.68 0.40 0.19 3.73 5.69 1.95 4.41 6.09 2.14 Grl % 20. 137 134 98 161 158 115 439 21 19 25 123 108 143 144 127 168 Tade- C No. 2,313 754 48 35 99 274 202 166 322 237 195 434 24 24 17 32.60 2.08 1.51 1.25 11.85 8.73 7.18 13.92 10.25 8.43 18.76 1.04 1.04 0. 73 5.92 5~79 4.24 6.96 6.83 4.97 8.98 0.91 0.82 1.08 5.32 4.67 6.18 6.23 5.49 7.26 palli- % gudem N No. 9,453 5748 649 159 47 3713 909 271 4362 1068 318 1406 145 49 15 828 280 89 973 329 104 1128 lOS 35 28 603 198 159 708 233 187 60.81 6.86 1.68 0.50 39.18 9.62 2.87 46.15 11.30 3.36 14.87 1.53 0.52 0.16 8.76 2,96 0.94 10.29 3.48 1.10 11.93 1.11 0.37 0.30 6.38 2.09 1.68 7.49 2.46 1.98 Clll % B No. 11,766 6502 695 194 76 3987 1111 437 4684 1305 513 1840 169 73 32 965 414 187 1134 487 219 1567 126 54 53 726 306 302 852 360 355 55.26 5.91 1.65 0.65 33.89 9.44 3.72 39.81 11.09 4.36 15.64 1.44 0.62 0.27 8.20 3.52 1.59 9.64 4.14 1.86 13.32 1.07 0.46 0.45 6.17 2.60 2.57 5.53 2.35 2.64 Grl % c = Conversions; N= New Constructions; B= Total Beneficiaries; No.= Number; SC= Scheduled Castes; ST== Scheduled Tribes; %= Percentage to the total town households in the category 0,1,2 = Accessibility tJ 0, 1, 2 utilities resp~ctively, tlte utilities being water (TAP) conMction and electric connection i 153 l ANNEX-31 Page 10 of Pages 14 BENEFICIARY HOUSEHOLD DISTRIBUTION OF PROJECT TOWNS (Section 8.3.6) INCOME GROUPS ABOVE POVERTY LINE Rs. 650 to Rs. 849 ABOVE Rs. 850 TOWN CATE- TOTAL SUB- SC&ST OTHERS ALL SUB- SC&ST OTHERS ALL GORY TOWN TOTAL TOTAL 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 17. c No. 2,684 318 2 10 2 31 206 67 33 216 69 327 4 2 0 24 225 72 28 227 72 Proddatur % 11.85 0.07 0.37 0.07 1.16 7.68 2.50 1.23 8.05 2.57 12.18 0.15 0.08 0.89 8.38 2.68 1.04 8.46 2.68 N No. 14,555 1203 23 10 2 531 592 45 554 602 47 1051 2 4 373 603 69 375 607 69 CII % 8.26 0.16 0.07 0.01 3.65 4.06 0.31 3.81 4.13 0.32 7.22 0.01 0.03 2.56 4.14 0.48 2.58 4.17 0.47 B No. 17,239 1521 25 20 4 562 798 112 587 818 116 1378 6 6 397 828 141 403 834 141 Grl % 8.82 0.14 0.12 0.02 3.26 4.63 0.65 3.40 4.75 0.67 8.00 0.04 0.04 2.30 4.80 0.82 2.34 4.84 0.82 18. c No. 1,774 344 2 12 48 10 52 220 12 64 268 344 3 12 41 13 54 215 16 66 262 Saogareddy % 19.39 0.11 0.68 2.70 0.57 2.93 12.40 0.68 3.61 15.10 19.39 0.17 0.68 2.65 0.73 3.04 12.12 0.90 3.72 14.77 N No. 2,332 206 12 12 13 53 57 59 65 69 72 129 5 8 10 25 34 47 30 42 57 Cl III % 8.84 0.51 0.51 0.56 2.27 2.44 2.53 2.77 2.98 3.07 5.53 0.21 0.34 0.43 1.07 1.46 2.02 1.29 1.80 2.44 B No~ 4,106 550 14 24 61 63 109 279 77 133 340 473 8 20 57 38 88 262 46 108 319 Gr III % 13.40 0.34 0.58 1.49 1.53 2.66 6.79 1.87 3.24 8.29 11.52 0.19 0.49 1.39 0.93 2.64 6.38 1.12 2.63 7.77 19. c No. 1,980 428 2 9 6 19 210 182 21 219 188 353 2 11 14 146 180 14 148 191 Srikakulam % 21.62 0.10 0.46 0.30 0.96 10.61 9.19 1.06 11.06 9.50 17.83 0.10 0.56 0.71 7.37 9.09 0.71 7.47 9.65 N No. 9,323 865 43 23 2 290 421 80 333 450 82 367 19 13 92 187 56 111 200 56 Clii % 9.28 0.46 0.25 0.02 3.11 4.58 0.86 3.57 4.83 0.88 3.94 0.20 0.14 0.99 2.01 0.60 1.19 2.15 0.60 B No. 11,303 1293 45 32 8 309 637 262 354 669 270 720 19 15 11 106 333 236 125 348 247 Ol Grl !o 11.44 0.40 0.29 0.07 2.73 5.63 2.32 3.13 5.92 2.39 6.37 0.17 0.13 0.10 0.94 2.94 2.09 1.11 3.08 2.18 20. c No. 2,313 415 19 16 27 107 91 155 126 107 182 271 9 12 19 53 66 112 62 78 131 Tadepalligudem % 17.94 0.82 0.69 0.17 4.63 3.93 6.70 5.45 4.62 7.87 11.12 0.39 0.52 0.82 2.29 2:86 4.84 2.68 3.37 5.67 N No. 9,453 823 78 25 19 446 145 110 524 170 129 348 30 11 1l 173 62 61 203 73 72 Clii % 8.71 0.83 0.27 0.20 4.72 1.53 1.16 5.54 1.80 1.37 3.68 0.32 0.12 0.12 1.83 0.65 0.64 2.15 0.77 0.76 B No. 11,766 1238 97 41 46 553 236 265 650 277 311 619 39 23 30 226 128 173 265 151 203 Gri % 10.52 0.82 0.35 0.39 4.70 2.01 2.25 5.53 2.35 2.64 5.26 0.33 0.20 0.25 1.92 1.09 1.47 2.25 1.28 1.73 C == Conversions; N=- New Constructions; B== Total Beneficiaries; No.= Number; SC= Scheduled Castes; ST= Scheduled Tribes; %= Percentage to the total town households in the category 0,1,2 = Accessibility to 0, 1, 2 utilities respectively, tile utilities being water (TAP) connection and electric connection ( 154 l ANNEX-31 Page 11 of Pages 14 BENEFiCIARY HOUSEHOLD DISTRIBUTION OF PROJECT TOWNS (Section 8.3.6) CLASSIFICATION INCOME GROUPS BELOW POVERTY LINE TOWN BENEFI- TOTAL UPTO RS. 449 RS. 450 to RS. 549 RS. 550 to RS. 649 A_L_L______ OTHERS ________ GROUP ClARY TOWN SUB· SC&ST OTHERS ALL SUB· SC&ST SUB- SC&ST OTHERS ALL TYPE TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL 0 1 2 0 2 0 2 0 1 2 0 2 0 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 All20 C No. 45,927 13473 484 725 424 2872 6143 2825 3356 6868 3249 8344 162 555 385 11o6 39B4 21s2 1268 4539 2537 8457 132 494 431 999 3958 2443 1131 4452 2874 Project % 29.34 1.06 1.58 0.92 6.25 13.38 6.15 7.31 14.95 7.08 18 17 0.35 1.21 0.84 2.41 8.67 4.69 2.76 9.88 5.53 18.41 0.29 1.07 0.94 2.17 8.62 5.32 2.46 9.69 6.26 Towns N No. 167,888 99418 12253 2287 303 61030 20985 2560 73283 23272 2863 25286 2063 856 134 12472 8447 1314 14535 9303 1448 18793 1365 609 157 8386 6899 1377 9751 7508 1534 .% 59.22 7.30 1.36 0.18 36.35 12.50 1.53 43.65 13.86 1.71 15.06 1.23 0.51 0.08 7.43 5.03 0.78 8,66 5.54 0.86 11.19 0.81 0.36 0.09 5.00 4.11 0.82 5.81 4.47 0.91 B No. 213,815 112891 12737 301'l 727 63902 27128 5385 76639 30140 6112 33630 2225 1411 519 13578 12431 3466 15803 13842 3985 27250 1497 1103 588 9385 10857 3820 10882 11960 4408 % 52.80 5.96 1.41 0.34 29.88 12.69 2.52 35.84 14.10 2.86 15.73 1.05 0 66 0.24 6.35 5.81 1.62 7.39 6.48 1.86 12.75 0.70 0.52 0.27 4.39 5.08 1.79 5.09 5.60 2.06 2 C No. 6,926 2463 73 70 12 636 1060 612 70? 1130 624 1031 12 26 9 249 470 266 260 495 275 1208 14 14 9 316 471 384 330 485 393 Class I % 35.56 1.05 1.01 0.17 9.18 15.31 8.84 10.24 16.32 9.01 14.89 0.17 0.37 0.13 3.59 6.79 3.8 3.764 7.16 3.97 17.44 0.20 .0.20 0.13 4.56 6.80 5.55 4.77 7.00 5.67 Cities N No. 24,897 15703 1827 167 54 9933 3401 321 11760 3568 375 2943 248 53 14 1535 926 167 1783 979 181 2661 185 46 15 1346 926 143 1531 972 158 % 63.07 7.34 0.67 0.22 39.89 13.66 1.29 47.28 14.33 1.51 11.82 1.00 0.21 0.06 6.16 3.72 0.67 7.16 3.93 0.73 10.70 0.14 0.19 0.06 5.41 3. 72 0.58 6.15 3.91 0.64 B No. 31,823 18166 1900 237 66 10569 4461 933 12469 4698 999 3974 260 79 23 1784 1396 433 2043 1475 456 13869 199 60 24 1662 1397 527 1861 1457 551 % 57.08 5.97 0.74 0.21 33.21 14.02 2.93 39.18 14.76 3.14 12.49 0.82 0.25 0.07 5.60 4.39 1.36 6.42 4.64 1.43 12.16 0.62 0.19 0.08 5.22 4.39 1.66 5.85 4.58 1.73 11 C No. 30,521 8096 229 460 341 1620 3768 1978 1849 4228 2019 5658 113 434 314 650 2698 1449 763 3132 1763 5882 94 402 369 558 2748 1711 652 3150 2080 Class II % 26.53 0.75 1.51 1.12 5.31 12.34 5.50 6.06 13.85 6.62 18.53 0.37 1.42 1.03 2.13 8.84 4.74 2.50 10.26 5.77 19.27 0.31 1.32 1.21 1.83 9.00 5.60 2.14 10.32 6.81 Towns N No. 105,416 60862 6829 1364 170 38036 12647 1816 44865 14011 1986 15435 1250 503 74 7528 5255 825 8778 5758 899 12394 926 413 106 5432 4532 985 6358 4945 1091 % 57.73 6.48 1.29 0.15 36.08 12.00 1. 72 42 56 13.29 1.88 14.64 1.19 0.48 0.07 7.14 4.98 0.78 8.33 5.46 0.85 11.76 0.88 0.39 0.10 5.15 4.30 0.94 6.03 4.69 1.04 B No; 135,937 68958 7058 1824 511 39656 16415 3494 46714 18239 4007 21093 1363 937 388 8178 7953 2274 9541 889[) 2662 18276 1020 815 475 5990 7280 2696 7010 8095 3117 % 50.73 5.19 1.34 0.38 29.17 12.08 2.57 34.36 13.42 2.95 15.92 1.00 0.69 0.29 6.02 5.85 1.67 702 6.54 1.96 13.44 0.75 0.60 0.35 4.41 5.35 1.98 5.16 5.95 2.33 7 c No. 8,480 2914 182 195 71 616 1315 535 798 1510 606 1655 38 95 62 207 816 437 245 911 499 1367 24 78 53 125 739 348 149 817 401 Class III % 34.36 2.15 2.30 0.84 7.26 15.50 6.31 9.41 17.80 7.15 19.52 0.45 l.l2 o. 73 2.44 9.61 5.16 2.89 10.74 5.89 16.12 0.28 0.92 0.63 1.47 8.72 4.10 1.76 9.63 4. 73 Towns N No. 37,575 22853 3597 756 79 13061 4937 423 16658 5693 502 6908 565 300 46 3409 2266 322 3974 2566 368 3738 254 150 36 1608 1441 249 1862 1591 285 % 60.82 9.57 2.01 2.21 34.76 13.14 1 13 44.33 15.15 1.34 18.38 1.50 0.80 0.12 9.07 6.03 0.86 10.57 6.83 0.98 9.95 0.68 0.40 0.10 4 28 3.83 0.66 4.96 4.23 0.76 B No. 46,055 25767 3779 951 150 13677 6225 958 17456 7203 1108 8563 603 395 108 3616 3082 759 4219 3477 867 5105 278 228 8t) 1733 2180 597 2011 24ll8 686 % 55.95 8.20 2.06 0 33 29.70 13.58 2.08 37.90 15.64 2.41 18.59 1.31 0.86 0.23 7.85 6.69 1.65 9.16 7.55 1.88 11.09 0.61 0.50 0.19 3.76 4.73 1.30 4.37 5.23 1.49 c = Conversions; N = New Constructions; B = Total Beneficiaries; No.= Number; SC = Scheduled Castes; ST = Scheduled Tribes; % = Percentage to the total town households in the category 0,1,2 = Accessibility to 0, 1, 2 utilities respectively, the utilities being water (TAP) connection and electric connection 155 l ANNEX-31 Page 12 of Pages 14 BENEFICIARY HOUSEHOLD DISTRIBUTION OF PROJECT TOWNS (Section 8.3.6) CLASSIFICATION INCOME GROUPS ABOVE POVERTY LINE TOWN BENEFI· Rs. 650 to Rs. 849 ABOVE Rs. 850 GROUP ClARY TOTAL SUB- SC&ST OTHERS ALL SUB- SC&ST OTHERS ALL TYPE TOWN TOTAL TOTAL 0 1 2 0 2 0 1 2 0 2 0 2 0 1 2 All 20 C No. 45,927 8713 85 436 453 739 3999 3061 814 4445 3514 6880 45 258 350 388 3123 2716 433 3381 3066 Project % 19.10 0.18 0.95 0.99 1.61 8.71 6.66 1.77 9.68 7.65 14.98 0.10 0.56 0.76 0.85 6.80 5.91 0.94 7.36 6.68 Towns N No. 167,888 14519 929 487 115 5970 5784 1234 6899 6271 1349 9872 799 279 100 3960 3481 1253 4759 3760 1353 % 8.65 0.56 0.29 0.07 3.54 3.45 0.74 4.11 3.74 0.80 5.88 0.48 0.17 0.06 2.36 2.06 0.75 2.83 2.24 0.81 B No. 213,815 23292 1014 923 568 6909 9783 4295 7713 10716 4863 16752 844 537 450 4348 6604 3969 5192 7141 4419 % 10.89 0.47 0.43 0.27 3.14 4.57 2.01 3.61 5.01 2.27 7.83 0.39 0.25 0.21 2.03 3.09 1.86 2.43 3.34 2.06 2 C No. 6,925 1137 10 10 5 213 407 492 223 417 497 1087 5 2 8 104 435 533 109 437 541 Class I % 16.42 0.14 0.14 0.07 3.08 5.88 7.11 3.22 6.02 7.18 15.69 0.07 0.03 0.11 1.50 6.28 7.70 1.57 6.31 7.81 Cities N No. 24,897 2022 93 21 6 924 797 181 1017 818 187 1568 28 10 1 592 763 174 620 773 175 % 8.12 0.37 0.09 0.02 3.71 3.20 0 73 4.08 3.29 0.75 6.29 0.11 0.04 0.00 2.38 3.06 0.70 2.49 3.10 0.70 B No. 31,823 3159 103 31 11 1137 1204 673 1240 1235 684 2655 33 12 9 696 1198 707 729 1210 716 % 9.93 0.32 0.10 0.04 3.57 3.78 2.12 3.90 3.88 2.15 8.34 0.10 0.04 0.03 2.19 3.76 2.22 2.29 3.80 2.25 11 C No. 30,521 6271 66 365 385 427 2903 2125 493 3268 2510 4614 31 210 279 235 2114 1745 266 2324 2024 Class II % 20.55 0.22 1.20 1.26 1.40 9.51 6.96 1.62 10.71 8.22 15.12 0.10 0.69 0.91 0.77 6.93 5.72 0 87 7.62 6.63 Towns N No. 105,416 9926 689 370 82 4009 3921 855 4698 4291 937 6799 721 219 73 2885 2046 855 3606 2265 928 % 9.42 0.66 0.35 0.08 3.80 3.72 0.81 4.45 4.07 0.90 6.45 0.68 0.21 0.07 2.74 1.94 0.81 3.42 2.15 0.88 B No. 135,937 16197 755 735 467 4436 6824 2980 5191 7559 3447 11413 752 429 352 3120 4160 2600 3872 4589 2952 % 11.91 0.56 0.54 0.34 3.26 5.02 2.19 3.82 5.56 2.53 8.40 0.55 0.32 0.26 2.30 3.06 1.91 2.85 3.38 2.17 7 C No. 8,480 1365 9 61 63 89 699 444 98 760 507 1179 9 46 63 49 574 438 58 620 501 Class II % 16.10 0.11 0.72 0.74 1.05 8.24 5.24 1.16 8.96 5 98 13.90 0.11 0.53 0.74 0 58 6.77 5.17 0 68 7.31 5.91 Towns N No. 37,575 2571 147 96 27 1037 1066 198 1184 1162 225 1505 50 50 26 483 672 224 533 722 250 % 6.84 0.39 0.25 0.07 2.76 2.84 0.53 3.15 3.09 0.60 401 0.13 0.13 0.07 1.29 1.79 0.60 1.42 1.92 0.67 B No. 46,055 3936 156 157 90 1126 1765 642 1282 1922 732 2683 59 96 89 532 1246 662 591 1342 751 % 8.55 0.34 0.34 0.20 2.44 3.83 1.39 2.78 4.17 1.59 5.82 0.13 0.21 0.19 1.15 2.70 1.44 1.28 2.91 1.63 C = Conversions; N= New Constructions; B= Total Beneficiaries; No.= Number; SC- Scheduled Castes; ST= Scheduled Tribes; %= Percentage to the total town households in the category 0,1,2 = Accessibility to 0, 1, 2 utilities respectively, the utilities being water (TAP) connection and electric connection [ 156 ANNEX-31 Page 13 of Pages 14 BENEFICIARY HOUSEHOLD DISTRIBUTION OF PROJECT TOWNS (Section 8.3.6) INCOME GROUPS BELOW POVERTY LINE MUNI- CATE- TOTAL UPTO RS. 449 RS. 450 to RS. 549 RS. 550 to RS. 649 ----~~---------- ---------~--- CIPALI- GORY TOWN SUB· SC&ST OTHER ALL SUB- SC&ST OTHER ALL SUB- SC&ST OTHERS ALL TIES TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 Spl. C No. 3,076 1117 29 70 22 256 508 232 285 578 254 521 7 30 18 52 246 168 59 276 186 445 2 16 18 33 197 179 35 213 179 Gr % 36.3] 0.94 2.28 0.72 8.32 16 51 7.54 9.26 18.79 8.26 16.94 0.23 0;77 3.59 1.69 8.00 5.46 1.92 0.97 6.05 14.47 0.07 0.52 0.59 1.07 6.40 5.82 1.14 6.93 6.40 N No. 24,544 14187 1716 336 40 4311 3249 508 10027 3612 548 3451 289 125 17 1421 1274 325 1710 1399 342 2939 220 106 30 1086 1198 299 1306 1304 329 2 Nos. % 57.80 6 99 1.48 0.16 33.86 13.24 2.07 40.85 14.72 2.23 1406 10.18 0.51 0.07 5.79 5.19 1.32 6.79 5.70 1.39 11.98 0.90 0.43 0.12 4.43 4.88 1.22 5.32 5.32 1.34 B No. 27,620 15303 1745 423 62 8567 3767 740 10311 4190 802 3972 296 155 35 1473 1520 493 1769 1675 528 3384 222 122 48 1119 1395 478 1341 1517 526 % 55.51 6.32 1.53 0.22 31.02 13.64 2.68 37.33 15.17 2.91 14.38 1.07 0.56 0.13 5.33 5.50 1.79 641 6.06 1.91 12.25 0.80 0.44 0.18 4.05 5.05 1.73 4.86 5.49 1.90 Gr C No. 17,571 5286 151 159 82 1260 2390 1242 1411 2591 1324 2769 40 89 57 521 1338 724 561 1427 781 3216 51 79 63 598 1477 948 649 1556 1011 1 % 30.08 0.86 0.90 0.47 7.17 13.61 7.07 8.03 14.51 7.53 15.76 0.23 0.51 0.32 2.79 7.61 4.12 3.19 8.12 4.44 18.30 0.29 0.45 0.36 3.40 8.41 5.39 3.69 8.86 5.75 N No. 80,997 48444 4968 814 149 30624 10571 1318 35592 11385 1467 11660 838 297 so 5861 4069 545 6699 4366 595 9402 606 220 66 4335 3484 301 4931 3704 767 7 Nos. % 59.81 6,13 1.01 0.18 37.81 13.05 1.63 43.94 14.06 1.81 14.39 1.03 0.37 0.06 7.24 5.02 0.67 8.27 5.39 0.73 11.61 0.75 0.27 0.08 5.34 4.30 3.87 6.09 4.57 0.95 B No. 98,568 53730 5119 973 231 31884 12963 2560 37000 13936 2791 14429 878 386 107 6382 5407 1269 7960 5793 1376 12618 657 299 129 4923 4961 1649 5580 5260 1778 % 54.51 5.19 0.99 0.23 32.35 13.15 2.60 37.54 14.14 2.83 14.64 0.89 0,39 0.11 0.47 5.49 1.29 7.36 5.88 1.43 12.80 0.67 0.30 0.13 5.00 5.03 1.67 5.66 5.34 1.80 Gr C No. 22,104 6128 254 436 259 1267 2940 972 1521 33i6 1231 4415 108 407 261 495 2193 951 603 2600 1212 4260 65 377 308 333 2108 1069 398 2485 1377 II % 27.72 1.15 1.79 1.17 5.73 13.30 4.40 6.88 15.27 5.57 19.98 0.49 1.84 1.18 2.24 9.92 4.31 2.73 11.76 5.49 19.27 0.29 1.70 1.39 1.51 9.54 4.84 1.80 11.24 6.23 N No. 41,960 25859 4674 834 55 15355 4512 429 20029 5346 484 5767 672 279 31 2857 1745 183 3529 2024 214 4084 427 216 32 1876 1369 165 2303 1585 179 7 Nos. % 61.63 11.14 1.99 0.13 36.50 10.75 1.02 47.74 12.74 1.15 13.74 1.60 0.66 0.07 6.81 4.16 0.44 8.41 4.82 0.51 0.74 1.02 0.52 0.08 4.47 3.26 0 39 5.49 3.78 0.47 B No. 64,064 31987 4928 1340 314 16622 7452 1301 21550 8722 1715 10182 780 685 292 3352 393~ 183~ 4132 4628 1426 8345 492 593 340 2209 3477 1234 2701 4070 1574 % 49.93 7.67 2.14 0.49 25.95 11.63 2.03 33.64 13.61 2.68 15.89 1.22 1.07 0.45 5.23 6.15 1.77 6.45 7.22 2.22 13.03 0.77 0.92 0.53 3.45 5.43 1.93 4.22 6.35 2.46 Gr C No. 3,176 942 50 60 61 89 303 379 139 363 440 639 7 29 49 38 207 309 45 236 358 536 14 22 42 35 176 247 49 178 287 II % 29.66 1.58 ].89 1.92 2.80 9.54 11.93 4.38 11.43 13.85 20.12 0.22 0.91 1.54 1.20 6.52 9.73 1.42 7.43 11.27 16.88 0.44 0.70 1.32 1.10 5.54 7.78 1.54 6.24 9.10 N No. 20,387 10928 895 276 59 6740 2653 305 7635 2929 364 4408 264 155 36 2333 1359 261 2579 1514 297 2367 112 67 29 1029 848 212 1211 915 241 4Nos. % 53.60 4.39 1.35 0.29 33.06 13.01 1.50 37.45 14.37 1.78 21.62 1.29 0.76 0.18 11.44 6.67 1.28 12 74 7.42 1.46 11.61 0.55 0.33 0.14 5.39 4.16 1.04 5.94 4.49 1.18 B No. 23,563 11870 945 336 120 6829 2956 684 6774 3292 804 5047 271 284 85 2371 1555 571) 2542 1750 655 2903 126 89 71 1134 1024 459 1260 1113 530 % 50.37 4.01 1.43 0.51 28.98 12.54 2.90 33.99 13.97 3.41 21.42 1.15 0.18 0.36 10.06 6.65 2.42 11.21 7.43 2.78 12.32 0.53 0.38 0.30 4.41 4.35 1.95 5.35 4.72 2.25 ---------------------------------------~ -~-------~------~·--------------' C = Conversions; N= New Constructions; B= Total Beneficiaries; No.= Number; SC= Scheduled Castes; ST= Scheduled Tribes; %= Percentage to the total town households in the category 0,1,2 = Accessibility to 0, 1, 2 utilities respectively, the utilities being water (TAP) connection and electric connection ( 157 -! ANNEX-31 Page 14 of Pages 14 BENEFICIARY HOUSEHOLD DISTRIBUTION OF PROJECT TOWNS (Section 8.3.6) INCOME GROUPS ABOVE POVERTY LINE Rs. 650 to Rs. 849 ABOVE Rs. 850 MUNICI- CATE- TOTAL SUB- SC&ST OTHERS ALL SUB- SC&ST OTHERS ALL PALITIES GORY TOWN TOTAL TOTAL 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 Special Grade C No. 3,076 548 2 26 16 24 230 250 26 256 266 445 4 20 31 15 181 194 1'9 201 225 0/ /0 17.81 0.06 0.84 0.52 0.78 7.48 8.13 0.84 8.32 8 65 14.47 0.13 0.65 1.01 0.49 5.88 6.31 0.62 6.53 7.32 N No. 24,544 2567 194 103 27 826 1070 347 1020 1173 374 1400 80 82 31 420 545 242 500 627 273 % 1046 0.79 0.42 0.11 3.37 4.36 1.41 4.16 4.78 1.52 5.70 0.32 0.33 0.13 1.71 2.22 0.99 2.04 2.55 1.11 B No. 27,620 3115 196 129 43 850 1300 597 1046 1429 640 1845 84 102 62 435 726 436 519 828 498 % 11.:..8 0.71 0.47 0.15 3.08 4.71 2.16 3.79 5.17 2.32 6.68 0.30 0.37 0.22 1.58 2.63 1.58 1.88 3.00 1.80 Grade I C No. 17,571 3403 36 75 66 426 1502 1298 462 1577 1364 2897 17 40 69 233 1232 1306 250 1272 1375 % 19.37 0.20 0.43 0.38 2.42 8.55 7.39 2.63 8.98 7.76 16.49 0.10 0.23 0.39 1.33 7.01 7.43 1.42 7.24 7.83 N No. 80,997 7215 369 185 43 3094 2927 597 3463 3112 640 4276 146 95 29 1421 1871 714 1567 1966 743 % 8.91 0.46 0.23 0.05 3.82 3.61 0.74 4.28 3.84 0.79 5.28 0.18 0.12 0.04 1.75 2.31 0.88 1.93 2.43 0.92 B No. 98,568 10618 405 260 109 3520 4429 1895 3925 4689 2004 7173 163 135 98 1654 3103 2020 1817 3238 2118 % 10.77 0.41 o.::t? 0.11 3.57 4.49 1.92 3.98 4.70 2.03 7.28 0.16 0.14 0.10 1.68 3.15 2.05 1.84 3.29 2.15 Grade II C No. 22,104 4261 44 316 314 261 2139 1187 305 2455 1501 3040 21 181 194. 125 1603 916 146 1784 1110 % 19.28 0.199 1.43 1.42 1.18 9.68 5.37 1.38 11.11 6. 79 13.75 0.09 0.82 0.88 0.57 7.25 4.14 0.66 8.07 5.02 N No. 41,960 3065 297 157 24 1355 1106 126 1652 1263 150 3184 550 85 17 1785 639 108 2375 124 125 % 7.30 0.70 0.37 0.06 3.23 2.64 0.30 3.93 3.01 0.36 7.59 1.31 0.20 0.04 4.25 1.52 0.26 5.56 1.13 0.30 B No. 64,064 7326 341 473 338 1616 3245 1313 1957 3718 1651 6224 571 266 211 1910 2242 1024 2481 2508 1235 % 11.44 0.53 0.74 0.53 2.52 5.07 2.05 3.06 5.80 2.58 9.71 0.89 0.41 0.33 2.98 3.50 1.60 3.87 3.91 1.93 Grade III C No. 3,176 561 3 19 57 18 138 326 21 157 383 498 3 17 56 15 107 300 18 124 356 % 17.66 0.09 0.60 1.79 0.57 4.35 10.26 0.66 4.94 12.06 15.68 0.09 0.54 1.76 0.47 3.37 9.45 0.57 3.90 11.21 N No. 20,387 1672 69 42 21 695 681 164 164 723 185 1012 23 17 23 334 426 189 357 443 212 % 8.20 0.34 0.21 0.10 3.41 3.34 0.80 3.75 3.55 0.90 4.97 0.11 0.09 0.11 l.64 2.09 0.93 1.75 2.18 1.04 B No. 23,563 2233 72 61 78 713 819 490 785 880 568 1510 26 34 79 349 533 489 375 567 568 % 9.48 0.30 0.26 0.33 3.03 3.48 2.08 3.33 3.74 2.41 6.41 0.11 0,14 0.34 1.48 2.26 2.08 1.59 2.41 2.41 ~---==-.~--~-----------·---------- C = Conversions; N= New Constructions; B= Total Beneficiaries; No.= Number; SC= Scheduled Castes; ST= Scheduled Tribes; %= Percentage to the total town households in the category 0,1,2 = Accessibility to 0, 1, 2 utilities resp0ctively, the utilities being water (TAP) connection and electric connection f 158 ANNEX-32 HEALTH STATISTICS OF PROJECT TOWNS (Sections 3.2 and 3.2.8) TOWN Year of Rate Per Mille of Population Total Number Reported NUMBER OF DEATHS REGISTERED Report Births Deaths Fevers Dysen- Diarr Res pi Rabies TB Lep Other Wounds Mater Still Birth Death Infant Typhoid Influenza tery hoea ratory rosy Diseases & nal Births Morta- and Diseases cuts lity Others 1. ADILABAD 1980-81 19.60 3.60 - 994 182 - 27 - - 27 - - - 122 1979-80 26.98 9.60 - 820 293 2. AMALAPURAM 1978-79 39.00 4.01 168 1525 206 1977-78 29.00 5.90 190 1098 222 3. ANAKAPALLE 1981-82 31.00 12.46 - 2509 703 - - 4 I 47 -· 21 2 628 1980-81 31.80 13.19 - 2067 661 - - 5 2 52 - 31 2 569 1979-80 - 9.77 - - - 635 1 - - - - 6 6 44 - 33 1 546 4. BAPATLA 1979-80 33.04 3.60 - 1605 173 - - - 12 - - - 161 1978-79 BHEEMUNIPATNAM 1981-82 32.26 4.70 - 1516 221 - - - - - - - - 5. 25.00 2.80 849 90 5 9 1 3 - - - 72 1980-81 1979-80 18.00 40.20 3.50 3.44 - - 613 1075 119 90 - - 15 7 3 1 - - 20 6 - - - 11 - - 81 63 1978-79 1977-78 21.27 - 5.09 3.00 - - 572 - 108 76 - - 14 9 10 2 - 3 5 1 - - - 6 - - 78 56 6. DHARMAVARAM 1980-81 15.00 4.50 - 495 182 - 19 13 (*) 23 - - - 127 1979-80 28.00 4.00 - - 592 173 - 35 16 - 24 - - - 98 GADWAL 1978-79 1982-83 31.00 1.50 0.25 - - 643 344 182 75 - 29 10 - 22 - - - 121 7. 1981-82 1.90 0.30 ·- 338 71 1980-81 1979-80 1.90 1.80 0.25 0.26 - - 426 62 404 65 8. GUDIVADA 1980-81 33.65 8.72 63.74 2840 723 1 76 23 40 - 1 41 - 541 1979-80 32.65 8.06 61.25 2710 669 1 71 5 47 - 1 18 - 525 9. GUNTAKAL 1980-81 - - 8.60 - 1798 648 - - 148 11 - - 98 - - - 358 18 - 6 1979-80 9.87 - 1830 784 172 9 - 47 - - - 556 10. KARIMNAGAR 1978-79 1982-83 22.54 41.89 8.90 8.56 - - 1790 3896 710 796 - Ill R 33 - - - 558 1981-82 45.80 10-30 - 3927 897 1980-81 73.55 17.33 17 3600 868 1979-80 52.73 15.02 - 2932 735 11. KAVALI 1980-81 25.23 - 3.44 - - 1211 165 - - 1 - 3 - - - 152 12. KHAMMAM 1979-80 1982-83 41.37 7.02 - 1204 3665 201 753 - 19 11 - 24 - 2 - 145 1981-82 - - - 3290 897 1980-81 42.83 10.74 - 3249 815 1979-80 - 8.43 - 2822 716 13. MADANAPLLE 1979-80 28.50 9.20 54.40 1324 428 - 2 2 - 63 - - - - - 6 171 1978-79 29.07 8.60 48.00 - 1282 380 - - 32 - - - - - - 14. MAHBUBNAGAR 1982-83 8.90 5;70 - - 1064 511 14 - - * 42 - - 48 - - - - 309+ 1980-81 1982-83 11.90 29.14 6.28 912 421 • - - - - - accidents (8) 15. NANDYAL 16.00 2741 586 3 30 46 - 69 - 507 1981-82 28.74 6.46 11.89 2.535 571 - - 27 - 58 - - - 486 1980-81 1980-81 32.90 31.93 6.10 6.40 11.82 2658 504 6 Brain Fever 20 • - - 68 - - - 410 16. ONGOLE 1979-80 32.43 5.70 26.58 2226 445 7 8 - - - - 393 - 2 17.75 2197 373 4 * 8 - - 1 - - 323 - 3 17. PRODDATUR 1978-79 1980-81 37.62 - 5.30 - 2.89 - 2894 - 357 5 * 1 - - - - - 305 177 18. SANGAREDDY 1982-83 - - - 952 184 19. SRIKAKULAM 1981-82 29.10 7.80 - 1960 530 1 * 2 - 155 - - - 372 - - 17 1980-81 27.00 8.30 - 1852 562 2 * 5 - 245 - - - 310 - - 14 1979-80 32.00 8.39 33.20 - 20. TADEPALLIGUDEM 1980-81 20.60 3.30 17.00 1627 1276 428 205 - 1 - * 9 - 198 - - - 220 3 19 - - - 161 5 1979-80 26.80 4.40 24.00 1248 188 - - 2 - 6 - - - 162 4 1978·79 - - 22.00 - 190 - - 2 - 10 - - - 150 6 Nil Reports for Deaths due to Cholera, Small Pox and Plague. Only Guntaka1 Reported Deaths due to Diabetes (7) and Gastroenteritis (2) During 1980-81 * Included in Reported Deaths due to Typhoid (*) Included in Reported Deaths due to Dysentery [ 159 l ANNEX-33 Page 1 of Pages 3 BENEFICIARY DISTRlBUTION CONVERSIONS WITH EXISTiNG SUPERSTRUCTURE SUPERSTRUCTURE TO BE PROVIDED CS Sections 3.2 and 3.2.7 INSIDE PREMISES TOWN Total Total For 0-5 6-10 11-15 For Inside Sub- Sub- Sub- Town Premises Total 0 1 or 2 Total 0 1 or 2 Total 0 1 or 2 1. Adilabad 2,387 1,965 772 317 455 1,000 367 633 193 72 121 422 168 54 114 219 79 140 35 8 27 2,387 940 371 569 1,219 446 773 228 80 148 2. Amalapuram 1,072 239 143 22 121 92 12 80 4 - 4 833 495 78 417 310 34 276 28 3 25 1,072 638 100 538 402 46 356 32 3 29 3. Anakapalle 2,083 113 109 42 67 4 4 1,961 1,835 214 1,621 122 5 117 4 - 4 2,074 1,944 256 1,688 126 9 117 4 - 4 4. Bapatla 1,270 1,270 688 73 615 508 54 454 74 5 70 - - - - - - 1,270 688 73 615 508 54 454 74 4 70 5. Bheemunipatnam 759 759 459 30 429 270 15 255 30 2 28 759 459 30 429 270 15 255 30 2 28 6. Dharmavaram 409 351 140 - 140 190 - 190 21 - 21 58 21 1 20 29 2 27 8 - 8 409 161 1 160 219 2 217 29 - 29 7. Gadwal 234 - - - - - - - - - 234 63 7 56 150 12 138 21 3 18 234 63 7 50 150 12 138 21 3 13 8. Gudivada 2,031 385 197 41 156 144 23 124 44 5 39 1,646 924 193 731 674 93 581 48 4 44 2,031 1,121 234 887 818 113 705 92 9 83 9. Guntakal 2,052 1,011 299 11 288 700 - 700 12 - 12 1,015 716 190 526 214 136 78 85 3 82 2,026 1,015 201 814 914 136 778 97 3 94 10. Karimnagar 8,423 8,323 3,892 376 3,516 4,112 363 3,749 319 16 303 85 41 21 20 43 22 21 1 - 1 8,408 3,933 397 3,536 4,155 385 3,770 320 10 304 160 ] ANNEX-33 Page 2 of Pages 3 BENEFICIARY DISTRIBUTiON CONVERSIONS WITH EXISTING SUPERSTRUCTURE c SUPERSTRUCTURE TO BE PROVIDED CS (Contd.) INSIDE PREMISES TOWN Total Total For 0-5 6-10 11-15 For C Inside Sub- Sub- Sub- Town cs Total 0 1 or 2 Total 0 1 or 2 Total 0 1 or 2 11. Kavali 1,845 1,844 I, 111 74 I,037 692 42 650 41 4 37 - - - 1,844 1,111 74 1,037 692 42 650 41 4 37 12. Khamma 4,242 225 Ill 19 92 104 29 75 10 - 10 4,017 1,950 338 1,612 1,841 519 1,322 226 53 173 4,242 2,061 357 1,704 1,954 584 1,397 236 53 183 13. Madanapalle 2,664 2,63I 987 187 800 1,399 154 1,245 245 21 224 32 12 2 10 17 4 13 3 - 3 2.668 999 189 810 1,416 158 1,258 248 21 227 14. Mahabubnagar 4,443 4,358 I,067 214 853 2,475 310 2,165 816 74 742 85 23 10 13 53 22 31 9 9 7 4,443 1,090 224 866 2,528 332 2.196 825 26 749 15. Nandyal 2,217 I,746 745 52 693 882 65 8I7 118 21 98 455 192 18 174 226 21 205 37 4 33 2,201 937 70 867 1,108 86 1,022 156 25 131 16. Ongole 1,045 305 278 36 242 27 13 I4 740 739 128 6ll 1 1 1,045 1,017 164 853 28 14 14 17. Proddatur 2,684 2,583 I, 162 355 807 1,230 250 980 191 24 I66 80 37 7 30 38 7 31 5 1 4 2,663 1,999 362 837 1.268 257 1,0ll 196 25 171 18. Sangareddy I,774 188 53 I2 61 81 12 69 54 - 54 1,581 508 51 457 773 78 695 300 5 295 1,769 561 43 518 854 90 764 354 5 349 19. Srikakulam I,980 I,774 970 I19 845 740 63 677 64 3 61 205 109 14 95 84 7 77 12 - 12 1.979 1,079 133 940 824 70 754 76 3 73 20. Tadepalligudem 2,313 2,313 1,233 446 787 931 328 603 149 41 108 2,313 1,233 446 787 931 328 603 242 41 108 Total for 20 Project Towns 45,927 29,311 I2,724 1,948 10.776 14,380 1,758 12,622 2,207 244 1,963 16,521 9,525 1,790 7,735 5,995 1,385 4,610 1,001 129 872 45,832 22,249 3,738 18,511 20,375 3,143 17,232 3,208 373 2.835 % of total Town 99.79 4844 8.14 40.30 44.36 6.84 37.52 6.99 0.81 6.18 [ 161 ] ANNEX-34 Page 1 of Pages 2 ABSTRACT BENEFICIARY DISTRIBUTION FOR NEW CONSTRUCTIONS (PITLOCATION, USER AND UTILITY WISE) (Sections 3.2 and 3.2.7) TOWN Total Total 0-5 USERS 6-10 USERS 11-15 USERS for for Sub Access to Utilities Access of Utilities Access to Utilities Town Inside Total 0 1 2 Sub 0 I 2 Sub 0 1 2 Premises Total Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13. 14 15 A. INSIDE P.lUtMISES 1. Adilabad 5,044 5,044 2,946 2,224 648 74 1,957 1,486 404 67 141 104 24 13 2. Amalapulam 5,342 5,342 3,617 2,459 1,095 63 1,602 1,050 526 26 123 68 53 2 3. Anakapalle 12,770 12,438 11,118 7,548 3,481 89 1,313 847 453 13 7 2 5 4. Bapatla 7,925 7,925 4,777 4,049 705 23 2,726 2,183 524 19 422 336 83 3 5. Beeenunipalni 5,174 5,174 3,145 2,309 641 195 1,903 1,297 420 186 126 62 26 38 6. Dharmavaram 7,385 7,385 3,852 2,054 1,695 103 2,985 1,364 1,512 109 548 243 58 27 7. Gadwal 5,496 5,480 3,577 2,594 916 67 1,881 1,494 338 49 22 14 4 4 8. Gudivada 11,748 11,658 8,037 5,320 2,281 436 3,427 2,170 1,061 196 194 103 77 14 9. Guntakal 11,868 167,888 109,319 74,922 30,119 4,278 51,607 33,298 15,620 2,689 41 2,473 1,663 505 10. Karimnagar 5,434 5,434 3,554 2,858 613 83 1,728 1,315 332 81 152 103 32 17 11. Kavali 6,802 6,802 5,015 3,421 1,557 37 1,712 1,032 654 26 75 45 25 5 12. Khammam 10,342 10,342 6,134 4,628 1.038 468 3998 2,930 717 351 210 138 50 22 13. Madanapalle 4,439 4,392 2,235 1,498 666 71 1974 1,140 753 81 183 79 97 7 14. Mahbubnagar 6,974 6,062 2,797 1,724 831 242 2,580 1,651 766 163 685 323 326 36 15. Nandyal 12,686 12,351 7,547 5,262 2,025 260 4,450 2,771 1,441 238 354 174 144 36 16. Ongo!e 12,796 12,796 11.501 7,340 3,514 647 1,292 1,014 245 33 I 17. Proddatur 14,555 14,367 8,417 5,509 2,818 90 5,506 3,103 2,283 120 444 163 255 26 18. Sangareddy 2,332 2,322 885 506 222 157 1,147 591 345 211 290 114 93 83 19. Srikaku1am 9,323 9,023 6,077 3,899 1,871 307 2,805 1,485 1,149 171 141 54 73 14 20. Tadepalligudem 9,453 9,453 5,969 4,345 1,198 426 3,159 2,183 625 351 325 242 49 34 All 20 Towns 11.777 8,119 5,375 2,304 440 3,462 2,192 1,072 198 196 104 78 14 163 ] c :: ANNEX-34 Page 2 of Pages 2 ABSTRACT BENEFICIARY DISTRIBUTION FOR NEW CONSTRUCTIONS (PIT LOCATION, USER AND UTILITYWISE) (Contd.) Total for 0-5 6-10 11-15 TOWN Total for Outside Sub- Sub- Sub- Town Premises Total 0 1 2 Total 0 1 2 Total 0 1 2 B. UNDER FOOTPATH 1. Anakapalle 12,770 105 83 54 29 - 22 14 8 2. Gadwal 5,496 16 13 4 9 3. Gudivada 11,748 90 89 16 37 36 1 - . 1 4. Guntakal 11,868 5. Madanapalle 4,439 33 16 5 11 - 15 8 7 - 2 1 1 6. Nandyal 12,686 272 157 120 34 3 105 12 32 1 10 3 5 2 7. Proddatur 14,555 29 15 13 2 - 12 11 1 - 2 2 8. Sangareddy 2,332 10 8 - 2 6 - - - - 2 - 1 1 9. Srikaknlam 9,323 229 107 61 42 4 118 61 46 5 4 2 2 SUB-TOTAL (9 tonnes) 85,217 834 511 282 176 53 299 182 107 10 24 10 10 4 c. UNDER ROAD 1. Anakapalle 12,770 227 197 156 41 - 14 8 5 3 16 10 6 2. Guntakal 11,868 41 16 10 4 2 19 8 6 5 6 1 3 2 3. Madanapalle 4,439 14 9 3 6 - 5 4 1 4~ Mahabubnagar 6,974 912 607 506 81 20 251 231 12 8 54 15 25 14 5. Nandyal 12,686 63' 19 14 5 - 44 8 24 12 6. Proddatur 14,555 159 30 19 10 1 64 20 21 23 65 58 4 3 7. Srikakulam 9,323 71 21 13 7 1 25 19 3 3 25 14 5 6 Sub-Total 72,615 1,487 909 731 154 24 460 303 80 77 118 41 47 30 TOTAL ( 10 tonnes) 92,191 2,321 820 513 250 57 509 255 175 79 88 36 32 20 (outside the premises) GRAND TOTAL (20 tonnes-all benefic 1,67,888 ficiaries) [ 164 ] ANNEX-35 BENEFICIARY DISTRIBUTION (SC/ST, INCOME GROUP & ACCESS TO UTILITIES (Sections 3.2 and 3.2.9) Income Group SC/ST 0 T H E R S No. % Sub Total 0 1 2 o; No. % No. % No. /o No. % CONVERSIONS Rs 0 toRs 449 1,633 3.56 - 25.78 2,872 6.25 6,143 13.38 2,825 6.15 Rs 450 to Rs 540 1,102 2.40 - 15.17 1,106 2.41 3,984 8.67 2,152 4.69 Rt~ 550 to Rs 649 1,057 2.30 - 16.11 999 2.17 3,958 8.62 2,443 5.32 Rs 650 to Rs 849 974 2.12 - 16.98 739 1.61 3,919 8.71 3j061 9.66 Rs 850 and above 653 1.42 - 13.56 388 0.85 3,123 6.80 2,716 5.91 Sub Total 5,419 11.80 - 88.20 6,104 13.29 21,207 46.18 13,197 28.73 NEW CONSTRUCTIONS Rs0-Rs449 14,843 8.84 - 50.38 61,030 36.35 20,985 12.50 2,560 1.53 Rs 450-Rs 549 3,043 1.82 - 13.24 12,472 7.83 8,447 5.03 1,314 0.78 Rs 550-Rs 649 2,131 1.26 - 9.93 8,3~6 5.00 6,899 4.11 1,377 0.82 Rs 650-Rs 849 1,531 0.92 - 7.73 5,970 3.54 5,784 3.45 1,234 0.74 Rs 850 and above 1,178 0.71 - 5.17 3,960 2.36 3,481 2.06 .1,253 0.75 Sub Total 22,736 13.55 - 86.45 91,818 54.68 45,596 27.17 7,758 4.62 Total 28,155 13.17 [ 165 ] D" c c \\ 'i ANNEX-36 SC/ST BENEFICIARY DISTRIBUTION (INCOME GROUP & ACCESS TO UTILITIES) (Sections 3.2 and 3.2.9) Income Group Rs 0 toRs 449 Rs 450 to Rs 549 Rs 550 to Rs 649 Rs 650 to Rs 850 Rs 850 and above Total Access to Utilities No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. 0/ /0 CONVERSIONS Zero 484 1.06 162 0.35 132 0.29 85 0.18 45 0.10 1,068 1.98 One 725 1.58 555 1.21 494 1.07 436 0.95 258 0.56 2,468 5.37 Two 424 0.92 385 0.84 431 0.98 453 0.99 350 0.76 2,043 4.45 Sub Total 1,633 3.56 1,102 2.40 1,057 2.30 974 2.12 653 1.42 5,419 1.80 NEW CONSTRUCTIONS Zero 12,253 7.30 2,063 1.23 1,365 0.81 929 0.56 799 0.48 17,409 10.38 One 2,287 1.36 856 0.51 609 0.36 487 0.29 279 0.17 4,518 2.69 Two 303 0.78 134 0.08 157 0.09 115 0.07 100 0.06 839 1.08 Sub Total 14,843 8.84 2,053 1.82 2,131 1.26 1,531 0.92 1,178 0.71 22,736 13.55 Total 16,476 7.71 4,155 1.94 3,188 1.49 2,505 1.17 1,831 0.86 28,155 13.17 51.52 11.14 15.40 2:3,819 4,336 [ 166 ] ANNEX-37 EXISTING COMMUNITY LATRINES & SCAVENGERS (Sections 3.2, 3.3 and 5.3.2) Total No. Number of Seats Number of Scavengers Additional Latrine of Locali- Flush Dry Municipal Private Total Seats Needed TOWN ties with Sand Bucket Men Women Total Latrines Men Women Men Women Men Women 1. Adilabad 2 1 1 - - - - 8 15 23 28 42 70 l. Amalapuram 9 33 (16*)44 - 18/9* -- - 18 23 41 12 18 30 3. Anakapalle 2 11 3 13 15 - - 40 23 63 36 54 90 4. Bapatla 4 4 4 - 100 - - 3 47 50 28 42 70 5; Bheemuniyatnam 3 4 12 36 62 - - 12 16 28 12 18 30 6. Dharma varam I 3 3 - 1000 - - 17 8 25 28 42 70 7. Gadwal 2 - 6/1* - - - 16/1"' 4 -- 4 12 18 30 8. Gudivada 14 12(16*) 75 -- 200/8* - - 51 - 51 12 18 30 9. Guntakal - ... (1 *) ... 50(54*) 375 - - 44 - 44 44 66 110 10. Karimnagar - - - 3"' 3* -- - ll 172 183 48 72 120 11. Kavali - 1* 8• ... (7*) ... - 22 -1 29 16 24 40 12. Khammam 4 8 8 2 2 - - 12 223 235 60 90 150 13. Madanapalle - ... (8*) 52 .. (l*) ... (8*) 160 4 35 8 43 12 18 30 14. Mahabubnagar 12 4 (1*) 8 33(11*) 37 - - 8 79 87 12 18 30 60 60 ( 4 Seated 30 units under construction under Environmental Improvement Scheme (Slum Area) 15. Nandyal 69 7 (5"') 36 (4*) 204(58*) 709 27 49 76 12 18 30 16. Ongole -- 14/7* 14/8* (19*) - - 4 48 52 40 60 100 17. Proddatur .•• (2*) ... 43* 16/2* 55 - 55 60 90 150 18. Sangareddy 13 3 11 - - 3 17 4 8 12 12 18 30 19. Srikakulam 2 6 6 34 42 13 12 5 44 49 36 54 90 20. Tadepalligudem 36 71 113 20 30 50 TOTAL 416 847 1263 540 810 1350 * Number of latrine units : /9* for particular category (men or women) only (16*) combined for both men and women [ 167 ] IJ ,, ANNEX-38 MOST ECONOMIC DIMENSIONS OF PITS AND THEIR COSTS (Section 4.8) Dimensions in mm and costs in Rs. Life Inside Premises Under Footpath Under Road (years) Users 5 10 15 5 10 15 5 10 15 dia 1000 1200 1400 750 1000 1400 750 1400 1400 depth 860 1190 1320 1530 1720 1320 1530 600 1320 3 volume (m 3 ) 0.675 1.350 2.025 0.675 1.350 2.025 0.675 1.35 2.025 cost i 178 265 379 274 413 512 391.00 529.00 660.10 cost ii 80.50 115.00 140.50 93.50 130.50 140.00 100.00 110.00 142.50 DRY cost iii 258.50 380.00 519.50 36750 543.50 712 00 491.00 639.00 803.50 dia 850 1200 1300 750 1000 1200 750 1300 1400 depth 1015 1020 1300 1300 1465 1520 1300 870 1120 2! volume (m 3 ) 0.575 1.150 1.725 0.575 1.15 1.725 0.575 1.150 1.725 cost i 162.50 240.95 346.50 249.80 372.50 504.60 339.50 513.90 613.85 cost ii 83.75 105.05 129.70 90.50 122.65 145.70 90.50 104 60 130.70 cost iii 246.25 346.00 476.20 340.30 495.15 650.30 430.00 618.50 744 55 dia 1100 1200 1300 1000 1300 1500 1000 1400 1500 depth 1060 1720 2270 2275 1515 1710 1280 1310 1710 3 volume (m3 ) 1.00 2.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 cost i 231.<'0 340.00 514.00 344.00 518.00 654.00 474.00 643.00 794.00 cost ii 100.00 152.50 201.50 162.00 149.00 181.50 112.50 142.50 182.50 WET cost iii 331.00 492.50 715.50 506.00 667.00 835.50 586.50 785.50 976.50 dia 1100 1200 1300 1000 1200 1500 1000 1400 1500 depth 1030 1680 2000 1250 1720 1650 1240 1260 1650 2l volume (m3 ) 0.975 1.95 2.925 0.975 1 95 2.925 0.975 1.95 2.925 cost i 226.70 340.10 500.00 338.65 505.70 643.50 467.85 637.65 783.70 cost ii 97.90 149.10 193.75 103.35 154.05 177.95 103.25 138.15 177.95 cost iii 324.60 489 20 693.75 442.00 659.75 821.45 571.10 775.80 961.65 dia 800 1100 1400 Cost i Cost for pit without water pollution prevention measures WATER depth 1990 2110 1950 Cost ii Cost for sand:fi.lling & bottom sealing with polythene sheeting LOGGED 3 volume (m3 ) 1.00 2.00 3.00 Cost iii Cost for pit with water pollution prevention measures cost 597.00 792.00 922.00 Vol effective volume of pit [ 168 ] ANNEX-39 Page 1 of Pages 2 INSTRUCTIONS FOR PROPER OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF POUR-FLUSH LATRINES (Sections 5.5.2, 5.5.4 and 6.12 4.7) 1. Before using the pan for defecation, pour a little quantity of water over the pan to wet it so that the excreta, on falling, smoothly slides without sticking to the surface. 2. A container of 1.5 to 2 litres capacity should be kept in the latrine. It should be kept filled with water while going to the latrine; and after the use of the latrine, water from the container should be poured in the pan for flushing the excreta. If excreta is sticking to the pan, some more water is to be poured on the specific spots to wash out those particles. Excreta should not be visible in the trap. If excreta is there, pour about a litre of water more The quantity of water used for flush- ing should be just sufficient for flushing the excreta. Use of excess quantity of water should be avoided. 3. Water-tap should not be provided in the latrine. Easy accessibility to water for flushing should be there but possibilities of continuous dripping or leaking are to be avoided. 4. Rain water, waste water of bath, kitchen, etc. should not be allowed to enter the pan or the leaching pits. 5. The pan should be cleaned daily with a broom or a brush with a long handle after sprinkling a little quantity of water and soap powder. The latrine floor may be washed daily but least quantity of water is to be used as otherwise the life of the pits will be affected. 6. To avoid choking of the pan and trap, no waste like kitchen waste, sweepings, rags and cotton pieces should be thrown in the toilet. 7. Lighted cigarette butts should not be thrown in the pan, lest they may stain the pan. 8. In case any construction defect is noticed within a year of latrine construction, the matter should be reported to the Municipal Council immediately for prompt rectification. 9. If the pan or trap gets choked, rodding should be done from the pan side as well as from the rear side by means of a split bamboo. However, if the choking is not cleared, the matter should be referred to the the Municipal Council immediately. 10. Only one of the two leaching pits should be used at a time. After about 3 years or whenever the first pit is full, the discharge from the pan should be diverted to the second pit and the fiirst pit should be allowed to rest. The operation of diversion of discharge to the second pit can be Ulllder- taken by the householder himself or he can make his own arrangements to have it done for him. This can be done by blocking one of the branches of the drain; and in case of pipes by blocking the mouth of one of the pipes in the junction chamber. When the first pit has been out of use for about 2 years in the case of dry pit conditions and about 2! years in the case of wet pit eonditions, it should be got emptied by the householder himself or through the Municipal Council. After the pit is emptied, the RCC cover sh~uld be placed in position again. The humus which is 169 ] ANNEX-39 Page 2 of Pages 2 INSTRUCTIONS FOR PROPER OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF POUR-FLUSH LATRINES (Contd.) rich in manurial value may be utilised as a manure in kitchen garden or in the fields. Of the Municipal Council provides emptying service free of charge, the humus . will be the property of the Council). When the second pit is full, the first pit should be used by diverting the discharge from the second to the first pit. Record of dates regarding use, diversion to second pit and emptying the pit should be kept. 11. If foul smell comes from the pit or the pan, it means that the pit cover is not air tight or the waterseal in the trap is broken. The pit cover should be made air tight; and in case foul smell is coming from the pan, a little quantity of water may be poured to provide the necessary waterseal. t 170 ] ANNEX--4·0 Page 1 of Pages 2 TRAINING COURSE ON POUR-FLUSH WATERSEAL LATRINES FOR TECHNICAL PERSONNEL (Section 5.7.2) Duration 6 days Lecture hours 10 a.m. to 12 noon 01 p.m. to 04 p.m. First Lecture (First day) Introduction i. Existing situation in the country as a whole and in the Administration in particular 11. Health and social aspects of Bucket/Dry latrines and open air defecation- Diseases transmitted, man-power losses, money spent on preventive, curative measures and social stigma iii. International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade. Steps taken by GOI and International Organisations such as the World Bank, UNDP and WHO for assisting in the Decade Programme iv. Different low cost methods of disposal of human ex.creta, their advantages and disadvantages Second Lecture (Second day) Design i. Description of a pour-flush latrine ii. Design of and materials for different components of the pour-flush latrine-pans, foot rests, connecting pipes and leaching pits. Types of leaching pits (iinside premises, outside premises-under foot path and under metalled road), size and shape of leaching pits-circular, rectangular and oval-their advantages and disadvantages iii. Siting of latrine-Location of pits, precautions to be taken in siting the leaching pits. Distance from the existing structures, dug wells, hand pumps and water supply mains iv. Lining of pits-brick lining, stone pitching, RCC rings, clay rings and thickness of lining v. Pit covers-types of covers-RCC, stone slab and wooden vi. Design of plits in water logged areas vii. Superstructure for the latrine-size of cubicle, construction material-brick, stone, wood and thatched [ 171 l ANNEX-40 Page 2 of Pages 2 TRAINING COURSE ON POUR-FLUSH WATERSEAL LATRINES FOR TECHNICAL PERSON~EL (Contd.) Third Lecture (Third day) Institutional i. Type of Institution most suitable for the implementation of the programme-duties and functions ii. Methodology for the construction of the pourflush latrines iii. Communication support i.e. publicity, promotion and health education-their importance in the programme, method and media iv. Procedure for the construction of latrine Visits (Fourth day) Di:monstration : Field visits of l0w cost latrine construction and demonstration in construction Fourth Lecture (Fifth day) Legal i. Existing legal provisions regarding sanitary latrines under Municipal Act, Building bye-laws, Sanitation bye-laws, Rent Control Act and their repercussions on the implementation of the Project ii. Need for amendments of the Municipal laws iii. Amendments needed in the Municipal laws iv. Draft Model bye-laws for sanitation Fifth Lecture (Sixth day) Administrative : i. Assessment of the total problem ii. Plan provision iii.Mobilisation of financial resources iv. Disbursement of funds v. Loan recovery vi. Arrangement of materials for construction vii. Construction of latrine, leaching pits, etc.-specifications viii.Loan agreement forms ix. Maintenance of household and pubic latrines-Instructions for the operation and maintenance of pourflush latrines x. Organising the emptying and use of the leaching pit contents for agricultural purposes t i72 ANNEX-41 Page 1 of Pages 8 TRAINING PROGRAMMES & MEASURES RECOMMENDED FOR SCAVENGER REHABILITATION (Section 5.8.6) If the latrine-conversion scheme is accelerated, it will not create any serious problem of economic rehabilitation of scavengers according to the findings of the Sociological Studies by the TAG of the Sca- vengers in Bihar and RajasthanTowns (Annex-9). However, in view of the fact that it will affect the scavenging population to some extent, it is n·ecessary that economic rehabilitation of scavengers should be considered as an integral part of the programme of conversion of dty latrines into flus:h latrines and taken up as a 2-stage programme. Firstly, for the 24% scavengers who are dissatisfied with the scaveng- ing jobs, an appropriate incentive system, aimed at the satisfaction of vital economic needs, has to be provided. Secondly, for the 25% scavengers who are neither satisfied nor dissatisfied with scavenging work, a job restructuring programme could be implemented so as to inculcate positive attitude towards the alternative job schemes like the cottage-industry work. Since the scavengers can be broadly divided into two categories of {a) municipal and (b) private scavengl!rs, and their problems are distinctly different, the element and measures of rehabilitating them are discused below separately : A. Employees of Local Bodies They will continue to be retained in the employment, by the respective local bodies even after the need for scavenging is eliminated. Their terms and conditions of service will not be altered to their disadvantage. They will be engaged in non-scavenging work. Generally in municipal towns alternative items of works are available in plenty. Most of these are neglected for want of adequate manpower and financial resources. The liberated "Scavengers" in local bodies employment can easily be switched over to such areas of work. Such works can be broadly classified into the following three activities : 1 Activities already on hand i. Au example is improvement and maintetlance of roads, that will inter alia require use of road rollers. Some of the liberated scavengers will be trained in road roller driving and employed as road roller drivers. The significance of this small upward step can be appreciated and under- stood fully only by those who have suff;!red socioeconomic deprivation on account of the age-old evil custom of untouchability. ii. Some of the local bodies have tractors for conveyance of various materials. A certain number of the liberated scavengers, e5pecially the younger members among them, will be trained in tractor driving and employed as Tractor Drivers. iii. In some of the local bodies there is a shortage of Attenders, Bill Collectors and the like. A certain number of liberated scavengers will be given the requisite training and appointed to such posts. [ 173 ] ANNEX-41 Page 2 of pages 8 TRAINING PROGRAMMES & MEASURES RECOMMENDED FOR SCAVENGER REHABILITATION (Contd.) iv. A number of local bodies have shortage of Junior Assistants, Typists etc. Those of the liberated scavengers who have had some education will be helped to acquire the requisite qualifications and employed in such posts. v. In some local bodies, there is shortage of technical personnel. A certain number of liberated scavengers, especially the younger among them will be helped to acquire the requisite technical qualifications by organising condensed and extensive courses in LT. Is and other such institutions in the evening classes or holidays/vacations and employed in such technical posts. vi. In a number of local bodies, there is a shortage of personnel like Health Inspectors and the like. Some of the liberated scavengers will be helped to acquire the requisite qualifications and employed in such posts. vii. Some of the local bodies provide Health Centres. There is a shortage Axuiliary Nurses, Midwives, Ayas etc. to work as helpers to the doctors as well as nurses. Some of the liberated scavenger women already in the employment of local bodies will be given short term training and switched over to this work. viii. Some local bodies proviJ~ for their f,j>idents the services of plumbing and other simple repairs pertaining to water supply. Some of the liberated local body employed scavengers will be trained and employed as plumbers or other repairmen. The above are only examples and not an exhaustive list. Local Bodies, their executive officers and and officers at different levels in the sectors of Municipal and Panchayat Raj will identify more opportuniti~s and take the assistance of officers of the Social Wefare Sector also. Wherever a skill or qualification has to be acquired, the assistance of the local bodies and Government Departments will be active and readily available. The above local bodies, officers in the Municipal and Panchayat Raj Sectors, officers of the Social Welfare Department (incharge of the Development and Welfare of Scheduled Castes), the Officers of the District Societies of the A.P. Scheduled Caste Co-operative Finance Development Corporation etc will, by their coordi- nated and combined efforts, identify such new avenues of work for switching over the liberated scavengers, training or education required. They will also locate and practically guide in all formal or non-formal ways and means of helping them to acquire such skills and qualifications. Wherever any qualification is really not necessary for job performance, such qualifications will be either deleted or will be waived/relaxed. Any qualifications of age will be completely given up for such liberated scavengers. 2 New activities generated by the Low Cost Sanitation Programme When a Low Cost Sanitation programme is taken up on a whole town basis covering conversion of dry household latrines and dry community latrines, construction of new latrines [ 174 1 ANNEX 41 Page 3 of Pages S TRAINING PROGRAMMES & MEASURES RECOMMENDED FOR SCAVENGER REHABILITATION (Contd.) for latrineless houses and new community latrines, a lot of new activities will be generated. This will require manpower at different levels. As the work progresses, more and more scavengers of each town cease to be needed for scavenging work. As they thus get liberated, they \\-ill be switch- ed over to some of the activities which have to be done directly by the Local Body in connection with the Lr'w Cost Sanitation Programme. While not all such activities may be within the capacity of such liberated scavengers, some of them will be within their capacity. To that extent, the Local Bodies and the Public Health and Panchayat Raj Departments incharge of the program- me would not have to engage fresh manpower. Such activities can be identified by the Local Bodies and the Departments in the Municipal and Panchayat Raj Sectors. Any limited training, if required, will be organised by them, taking the co-operation where necessary of the Departments/ Institutions in the Social Welfare Sector. 3 New Services for the residents to be undertaken by local bodies There are various items of service which every family in municipal as well as panchayat towns needs. But these services are not provided by the Local Bodies at present. Private indivi- duals or enterprises are also few. As a result, the resident families are put to a lot of inconvenience as well as loss of time and money. The Lccal Bodies do not have the wanpower for providing such services. Nor do they have the financial resources to engage fresh manpower. Now the liberated scavengers can with necessary training be switched over to such services which can be provided by the Local Bodies for their residents, thus expanding their range of sevices to their residents and thereby enriching the life of their residents. By training and employment of released scavengers for such works, some of which are of a technical or semi-technical nature, the general social status of the families of scavengers and of the communities to which they belong, will be raised. Some examples of such activities are given below : i. Fuse and other simple repairs An office could be opened in buildings already owned by Local Bodies, if available, or in rented buildings, first in the residential areas of communities which have been suppliers of scavengers, other slums and localities of poor people; and also other localities at a later date. In that office, a liberated scavenger in local body employment will be positioned, after training in fuse repair and other simple electrical repairs. Another liberated scavenger trained in plumbing and simple repairs pertaining to water supply will be positioned as an existing service/expanded exist- ing service/new service. One more suitably trained liberated scavenger will be positioned in the same building to receive and attend to telephonic complaints. In respect of localities of which ', the residents can afford to pay, a reasonable fee may be charged for the services and thus atleast part of the expenses on the new service can be met. 175 ] ANNEX-41 Page 4 of Pages 8 TRAINING PROGRAMMES & MEASURES RECOMMENDED FOR SCAVENGER REHABIUTATION (Contd.) ii. Creches Many women belonging to the labour sections of the population are engaged in out-door work. Some women belonging to the middle and lower middle classes are also taking to employ- ment. With the accent on women's education and women's equality, their numbers are increas- ing. Many of them face a lot of difficulty in looking after their infants and small children, when they have to go out for work. The satisfactory solution for this is to open adequate number of creches in different localities or near the sites of wcrk where large numbers of such women are employed. Local Bodies will open such creches as an essential help for their working women folk in their areas. By training and employing on this work some of the liberated scavenger women and providing them with clear uniforms, the Local Bodies .will achieve two purposes. Where possible and justified by the general income level of the user-families, a moderate fee could also be levied. The help of the Women's Welfare Department will also be taken in this work. Some of the existing activities mentioned at 1 earlier are not provided by some of the Local Bodies. They can start those services as new activities for the benefit of the residents and employ liberated scavengers, where necessary with suitable training. Some of the existing activities mentioned above are nof adequately provided by some of the Municipalities. They can expand those activities in the same way. An important example is that of plumbing and simple" repairs pertaining to water supply. Wherever training is required for this switch over, the local bodies will find funds to the extent possible from their resources. They will be supplemented by resources from the State's Special Component Plan (SCP) of the Department of Housing, Municipal Administration and Urban Development to meet the deficit, of any. If they are still inadquate, funds will be provided by the Social Welfare Department from the outlays available for the Scheduled Castes. B Private Scavengers Their rehabilitation requires careful planning and implementation simultaneously with the conversion of dry latrines in such a manner that there is no interruption or diminution of their family income. For this purpose, pre-identification of alternative employment and self-err ploy- meat opportunities; pre-matching of individual private scavengers with each of the alternative avenues on the basis of the volume of such avenues and individual attitudes and interests, as well as timely provision of training and other facilities, back-up service, financial assistance are extremely important so that on one hand the scavenger-population do not suffer from getting their. employment or income interrupted, dislocated or reduced; and on the other hand, the unfortunate but understandable resistance to the Low Cost Sanitation Programme is not allowed to brew and develop on this account. Such alternative opportunities are available in every municipal town, and they can easily be identified by the Local Bodies and the various departmental personnel in 176 ] ANNEX41 l?age 5 of Pages 8 TRAINING PROGRAMMES & MEASURES RECOMMENDED FOR SCAVENGER REHABILITATION (Contd.) close co-ordination with the Department of Social Welfare and the A.P. Scheduled Caste Co-operative Finance Development Corporation. Some examples_ofthese opportunities are given below. i. Milk Retail Depots All new milk retail depots in municipal towns will be manned by such Iiberat•~d private scavengers, until no unrehabilitated "scavenger" is left out. ii. Fair Price Shops All new fair price shops will also be similarly given to them, until no unrebabilitated "scavenger,. is left out. iii. All new cooks and servers to be appointed in mid-day meal centres hereafter in municipal towns will be drawn from this section. By appointing liberated private scavengers in the above types of posts, not only will they be rehabilitated but a good contribution will be made to the total eradication of untouchabHity. iv. Employment in organised Industry The Industries Department and Promotional Corporations like APHC, APIIC can effectively persuade all the private and joint sector industrial units existing as well as under construction or projected-to employ a certain number of liberated ex-scavengers in suitable posts (but not as scavengers and sweepers again). Training costs can be met from the Special Component Plan of the State including Special Central Assistance but there should be a firm commitment of regular and permanent employment for them which should not disappear after the training period (during which Government fund support is given). This needs monitoring. The monitoring will be done by the Department of Industries and the Corporations. State public sector units like Hyderabad Allwyn Limited, Singareni Colliaries Co. and APSRTC which have increasing require· ment of workers will set an example to the private and joint sector by employing a reasonable number of private scavengers who are liberated or who are scheduled to be liberated. Training costs will be either met by them, supplemented if necesary from the special component plan of the Industries Sector and if unavoidable from the funds at the disposal of the Social Welfare Department. v. Shops in Station Premises The APSRTC licenses individuals to set up panshops, fruit shops and tea shops within the o,. bus station premises. This will be used for the rehabilitation of private scavengers who are liberated or who are scheduled to be liberated. 171 ANNEX-41 Page 6 of Pages 8 TRAINING PROGRAMMES & MEASURES RECOMMENDED FOR SCAVENGER REHABILITATION (Contd.) vi. Municipal shops The municipal bodies also license similar shops near bus stands, near Railway stations and so on. These shops will also be used by them for rehabilitation of private scavengers. vii. New shops Many Local Bodies construct shops every year or periodically. A good proportion of these shops in remunerative localities be given to liberated private scavengers, on reasonable terms within the capacity of the rehabilitatee which will leave him/her sufficient margin of net income which will not be less than the income of scavenging. More shops can be taken up with the funds from the Special Component Plan (SCP) of Housing, Municipal Administration and Urban Development Dept. Sector and other appropriate sectors of the State's Special Component Plan. Further, if necessary still more shops will be constructed by the Local Bodies/other agencies in good localities with the help of the Special Central Assistance (SCA) to the State's Special Component Plan. viii. Car parks and similar services Local Bodies auction out or let out contracts for looking after cycle stands, scooter stands and car parks in front of railway stations, bus stands, cinema theatres, etc. These can also be used for rehabiliating private scavengers on reasonable terms which will leave them sufficient net income to fully replace the lost income from private scavenging. Each of the above avenues should and will be tapped and utilised keeping in view the suitability and aptitude of each individual private scavenger liberated or scheduled to be liberated. It may happen in some cases that while a particular scavenger may not have the aptitude, interest or personal capability for a particular activity, there may be some other member of that family suitable for it. There should be no rigidity against placing the same occupational avenue at the disposal of such a member, if it will clearly have the same effect of rehabilitation of the liberated private scavenger and his/her family. In every town there are a number of other self-employment opportunities based on the local market, some of them common to a number of towns and some special to certain towns. Each of these will be identified by the Local Bodies with the help of the Departments and District Collectors. Where more than one member of the family is working as a private scavenger, the total income will be taken into account for replacement through alternative arrangements for employment or self-employment either by providing alternatives to each of them or providing an alternative which will cover the combined income. There will be no rigid attitude that only one member of a family will be helped. The aim is to see that the income that an entire family gets from scavenging is replaced. 178 l. ANNEX-41 Page 7 of Pages 8 TRAINING PROGRAMMES. & MEASURES RECOMMENDED FOR SCAVENGER· REHABILITATION (Contd.) In the c,ase of a number of self-employment activities, it is not enough if an asset is given. It may be necessary also to provide back-up services and linkages, for example arrangements for poultry feed or regular orders by purchasing Departmentss/Corporations as public sector com- panies give to anciliaries. All such back up services will be fully identified and provided by the Local Bodies and Departments so that a good scheme may not fail. Besides the above incentive and job restructuring programme, the following other measures are also suggested for the economic rehabilitation of the scavengers. They are applicable to both municipal! and private scavengers. i. Substantial encouragement to training programmes Young adults and children can be trained in works for which there is some 'effective demand'. Many scavengers have no understanding of their own abilities or interests and hence they have no particular task in mind when they think of finding some new source of earning livlihood. Such persons can be inspired and motivated through vocational training in skills like motor mechanism, scooter repairing, cycle repairing, poultry farming and piggery which will also reduce the intensity of free time hazards. Opening of schools for vocational training in Harijan Bastis, free shops, stipends, scholarships, book allowance etc. will bring vocational training within the reach of almost everbody who is keen to take advantage. ii. Encouraging self employment programme by expanding loan and subsidy facilities Introducing measures like increased subsidy, grants to cooperative societies, concessional and loan facilities from government and credit societies will also help the scavengers to take more interest in non-scavenging works. Loans may also be given to scavengers who are interested in opening small provision stores/shops. These shops will cater to the needs of scavenger families in their own colonies. About Rs. 500 would be needed for constructing a kutcha shop and about Rs. 600 for buying commodities for sale in these shops. This money could be advanced to intere:sted persons by the banks on small interest. iii. Massive incentives for investment in small cottage industries Scavengers trained in basket/mat/lope making etc. could be provided incentives to manufac:ture cane chairs, modhas and papier-mache toys of different designs. These articles may be purchased by the government or cooperative societies and they can supply them to the government and the semi government stores in different cities. iv. Providing training allowance Each adult and child can be given Rs. 50 and Rs. 30 per month respectively as training allowance This will be a determined attack on underemployment and an incentive to go in for vocational training seriously. [ 179 ] ANNEX-41 Page 8 of Pages 8 TRAINING PROGRAMMES & MEASURES RECOMMENDED FOR SCAVENGER REHABILITATION (Cont.) v. Strengthening of infrastructure Facilities for education will also raise the vocational, economic and social aspirations of the scavengers and encourage them to send their children to schools. If education is given the attention it merits, the socialisation and training of the young will attract them to new jobs. vi. Alternative employment The following alternatives could be considered as a source of , extra income or even a changed profession (as a good number of the scavengers do not want their progeny to continue in this profession) : a. Training to make them masons/assistants in the jobs of construction of pour:flush latrines and maintenance of pourfiush latrines and maintenance of pourfiush community latrines; b. Absorbing them as peons, chowkidars, messenger boys etc. in the government departments, public undertakings and private industries; or c. new jobs like : poultry (poultry farming is being done by a large number of individuals even now as a very profitable venture) piggery cattle raising handloom; cloth printing tailoring; knitting weaving; carpet weaving mat/basket/rope/broom making; modha making wicker work; caning of chairs carpentry scooter driving and riksha pulling; scooter repairing & cycle repairing motor mechanism manufacture of plastic toys & papier-mache toys plumbing technical training teaching drum and trumpet beating bidi making [ 180 ] ANNJEX-42 LIKELY REASONS FOR NON-FUNCTIONING OR UNDER-FUNCTIONING OF SANITATION FACILITIES (Section 5.9.5) Low Proportion of Facilities are not Reliability of Adopted Households Hygienic Facilities Low -Too expensive -Foul smelling -Poor operation and maintenance -Inadequate knowledge -Flooding -Poor back up service on how to build -Do not envisage any benefits -Inadequate cleaning -In-appropriate use -Materials not available -Lack of water ,-Nonavailability of space ~or -Wrong/ poor -Wrong/poor design/ construction design/ co;nstruction construction -High ground water table -Inadequate or no superstructure ::_::Impermeable soH or rock -Poor fixing of waterseal -Legal constraints -Pit not properly built [ 181 J ANNEX-43 REASONS FOR NON-PARTICIPATION OF TARGETED BENEFICIARIES IN THE SANITATION PROJECT AND REMEDIAL MEASURES NEEDED ( Section 5.9.5 ) Reasons for non-participation Remedial measures needed 1. Have not heard about the Project Increase promotional activities 2. Are self-excluded Interview to find reasons. Hold workshops to devise strategies for making Project more attrac- tive. Re-design the Project, if necessary 3. Have been excluded by other Identify social categories : class, caste, ethnicity, sex, age or other locally relevant categories 4. Do not have necessary cash -Arrange deferred payment system -Make design cheaper -Increase Government subsidy -Increase Government subsidy for poorer sections 5. Do not have know-how or skill to -Build demonstration latrines build latrines -Improve training of extension workers -Provide technical assistance to the households 6. Find latrine unhygienic -Improve design, if necessary -Improve training/education [ 182 ANNEX-44 Page I of Pages 2 HOUSEHOLD SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE FOR BENEFICIARY PARTICIPATION ( Section 5.9.5 ) 1. Household number : 2. Number of household members : Adults Children < 5 years M F M F TOTAL 3. Socio-economic status : (Use plot size, house size, type of house, educational level or other locally relevant indicators of wealth and/or income) WATER SUPPLY 4. What type of service do you have ? House connection 0 Plot connection 0 Stand post · 0 Hand pump 0 Well with hand pump 0 Open wells 0 Other (also specify) 0 5. How far away is---metres (estimated) water point ? 6. How long does it take to go there, fetch water and come back ? 7. Who collects the water ? Usually Sometimes Children 0 0 Women 0 0 Men 0 0 8. How much water is collected each time ?--·-Iitres (estimated) 9. How many times a day is water collected ? [ 183 ] ANNBX-44 Page 2 of Pages 2 HOUSEHOLD SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE FOR BENEFICIARY PARTICIPATION (Contd.) LATRINE 10. Have you built a latrine ? Yes 0 , please indicate type and continue to questions 11 to 14 No 0 , continue from question 15 11. When was it completed _ _ _~ (month/year) 12. How many members use the latrine regularly ? Adults Children < 5 Years M F M F TOTAL TOTAL 13. Are there any problems with the latrine ? -Flies and/or mosquitoes 0 -~~ 0 -Flooding in rainy season 0 -Difficulties for the younger 0 children to use it -Emptying 0 -Quality of construction 0 14. How do you think the latrine could be improved ? 15. Have you been informed about the support Government is providing for latrine construction (This and subsequent questions apply to those without a latrine) Yes 0 No 0 16. If yes, have you considered participation in the programme? Yes 0 No 0 17. What is/are the reason(s) why you have not yet joined or why you do not wish to join? -The latrine is not needed 0 -The latrine is too expensive 0 -No time to build 0 -Do not know how to build 0 -Have tried but told that it is not yet my turn 0 -Materials for construction not available 0 [ 184 l' ANNEX-45 SUGGESTED LEGAL AMENDMENTS IN ANDHRA PRADESH ACTS (Sections 5.10 and 8.4) I. THE ANDHRA PRADESH MUNICIPALITIES ACT, 1965 1. In order to have an unambiguous position of law, the various types of the recommended hu- man excreta disposal units including the pour flush latrines should be given standardised nomenclatures with precise definitions (suggested in Model Byelaws at Annex-46). 2. The relevant provisions (eg. Section 156) should be amended to make it an obligatory function of municipal authorities to cause conversion of dry latrines into water seal latrines or the construction of waterseallatrines in houses without latrines. 3. Specific provision should be inserted in the Municipal Act to empower the municipal authori- ties to require the owner of the premises to provide water seal latrine only, where there is no latrine and convert the existing dry latrine into water seal latrine only with no option fo:r other types of latrines. Non-compliance of legal requirements, is an offence punishable, presently, with a fine upto fifty rupees. To make it deterrent, it should be made punishable not only with a heavier fine of Rs 500 but also coupled with simple imprisonment upto a period of 1 month as is prevalent in Bihar. 4. Nuisance uf open air defecation should be prohibited not only in the public streets or public places but also in open spaces whether public or private extending to areas atleast 1 km outside the municipal limits by a specific provision in the Act. It should be made a penal offence punishable as a deterrant measure with fine and/or simple imprisonment. 5. In extreme cases of want of space, the municipal authorities should be bestowed with powers to give land beneath the footb.paths or public streets or public places for the construction of leaching pits and also to speedily acquire private lands, if necessary. 6. After amendment of the Act, the bye-laws shall have to be made or amended accordingly. 7. The State Government should be required to make model bye-laws (suggested model at Annex- 46) for guidance of the municipal councils and it should also have the power to enforce the bye-Jaws after a specified time, in case of default by the municipal councils (as provided in the Maharashtra Municipalities Act, 1965). 8. Rendering of financial assistance by way of grant and/or loan for construction of water seal latrines or conversion of dry latrines into water seal units out of municipal funds should be provided for in the Finance Rules. 9. Finance Rules should be amendend to provide for recovery of the loan together with interest as arrears of tax through distraint. II. THE ANDHRA PRADESH BUILDINGS (LEASE, RENT AND EVICTION) CONTROL ACT, 1960 It would be expedient and fair both to the house owner and the tenant that the rent control law is suitably amended to the effect that redetermination of fair rent shall be such that it would secure the houseowner a return on the investment at not less than the prevailing bank rate of interest and that making provision for sanitary facilities would not be subject to the tenant's written request. [ 185 ~ ANNX-46 Page 1 of Pages 6 SUGGESTED MODEL BYELAWS FOR REGULATING THE CONSTRUCTION, OPERATION, MAINTENANCE AND CONTROL OF WATER-CLOSETS, PRIVIES AND LATRINES WITHIN THE MUNICIPALITIES OF ANDHRA PRADESH (Section 5.11) In exercise of the powers vested under the Sections 149, 156, 157 and 330 of the Andhra Pradesh Municipalities Act, 1965, the Municipal Council of .......••...............•••... hereby makes the following byelaws for regulating the construction, maintenance and control of waterclosets, privies and latrines within its area. BYELAWS 1. Short title, extent and commencement 1. The byelaws may be called the Municipal Council Latrines Byelaws, 19 n. They shall extend to the whole of the Municipality of iii. They shall come into force after three months from the date of their publication in the Official Gazette. 2. Definitions i. "Commissioner" means Commissioner of the Muncipal Council. ii. "Council" means the Municipal Council. iii. "Dry latrine" means a latrine in which the human excreta are discharged into any type of receptacle e.g. bucket etc. or otherwise and required to be removed by human agency. iv. "Waterseallatrine" is a latrine with a minimum water seal of 20 mm and in which discharges are pushed in or carried off by water and not required to be removed by human agency. The types, designs and specifications of various kinds of waterseal flush latrines shall be as given in the schedule of these bye-laws or as may be prescribed by the State Government from time to time. v. "Latrine" or "Privy" means a place set apart for defecation together with the structure com- prising such place, the receptacle therein for human excreta and the fittings and apparatus, if any, connected therewith and includes a dry latrine and a water seal latrine. 3. Local publication of byelaws The byelaws as sanctioned and published in the Official Gazette, shall be displayed by the Com- missioner on the notice board in the municipal office. The Commissioner shall also publish a notice in a newspaper informing the inhabitants of the municipal area of the subject matter of the byelaws so displayed and the date on which they shall come into force. [ 186 l ANNEX-46 Page 2 of Pages 6 SUGGESTED MODEL BYELAWS FOR REGULATING THE CONSTRUCTION, OPERATION, MAINTENANCE AND CONTROL OF WATI~R·CLOSETS, PRIVIES AND LATRINES WITHIN THE MUNICIPALITIES OF ANDHRA PRADESH (Contd.) 4. Preparation of t·egister regarding latrines The Commisioner shall prepare and maintain a register of households containing information about the existing p:>sitiori of latrine facilities and their types and users etc., where such facilities exist, in such form as may be prescribed. For collecting the necessary information in this regard, the Commissioner may, by requisition, require the owner or the occupier to furnish it within the period specified therein who shall be bound to furnish such information. 5. Construction of new latrines After the coming into force of these byelaws : 1. Any latrine that may be constructed by any person shall be of waterseal type, conforming to the types, designs and specifications prescribed by the byelaws; ii. Every person, who builds or rebuilds a residential building, shall provide at least one waterseal latrine in it; iii. Every household shall have at least one waterseal flush latrine and in case the number of users within a household exceeds 10, it shall have at least two latrine seats. iv. Letting of any house or part of a house by the owner for residential purposes is illegal unless the tenant and his family members have been provided the facility of at least of a pourflush waterseal latrine, either exclusively or shared (preferably the former). v. No building plan of any type of construction or alteration of or additions to a building shall be sanctioned and no building shall be deemed to have been completed and fit for human occupation unless provision is made for a waterseal latrine. v1. Defecation in open public spaces located within the residential areas of Ward Nos. is illegal and punishable by fine. This will be extended gradually to other wards, covering the entire municipal town and also the area within I km outside the municipal boundary in the next three years. 6. Location of the units 1. No leaching pit for the disposal of excreta shall be located within a radius of 3 m from an existing hand pump or well and all the special precautions, to the satisfaction of the Com- missoner, are taken wherever necessary. · ii. Leaching pits shall be located within the premises of the building where the latrine is desired to be constructed new or converted; where ever this is not feasible, the pits can be located under the foot path or road in that order. The final authority to determine this feasibility shall be of the Council and its decision shall be final and binding. Permission to build the 187 J ANNEX-46 Page 3 of Pages 6 SUGGESTED MODEL BYELAWS FOR REGULATING THE CONSTRUCTION, OPERATION, MAINTENANCE AND CONTROL OF WATER-CLOSETS, PRIVIES AND LATRINES WITHIN THE MUNICIPALITIES OF ANDHRA PRADESH (Contd.) leaching pits under the footpath or under the road shall be given only by the Commissioner or by the person authorised by him when he is fully satisfied that it is not feasible to construct these pits within the premises of the building or both within the premises and under the foot- path respectively. iii. In case the leach pits are located under the footpath, or under the road, the level of the pipe connecting the latrine pan with the pit shall be at least 1.0 m below ground level or below the bottom of the water main existing within a distance of 3 m from the pits. 7. Phased programme for conversion/construction of latrines A reasonable time bound phased programme requiring the owners or occupiers to convert all the existing dry/bucket latrines into waterseal units or to provide pourflush waterseal latrines in all the existing premises with no latrines in the different wards is given in the schedules of these byelaws. The financial assistance contemplated in 10 ii below will be applicable to these owners or occupiers only. 8. Notice for conversion/construction of latrines According to the approved phased programme, Commissioner shall issue a notice in writing to the owner or occupier to convert the existing dry latrine into a waterseal one or/and to provide a waterseal latrine or latrines in the premises with no latrine, or an additional unit or units in the premises with inadequate number of latrines as per the prescribed specifications within 3 months from the date of service of the notice. The period of 3 months may be extended by the Commis- sioner at the request of the owner or occupier if sufficient reasons justifying the grant of such request are shown, provided that the total period shall not exceed six months in aggregate from the date of service of such notice. In case due to space constaint it is not feasible to convert or build a new latrins as specified in the schedule of these bye-laws, the owner or the occupier shall inform the Council about it but to determine the aforesaid feasibility, the final authority shall be the Council (which would delegate the power to the SE of the PHMED during the project implemention period) and the decision of the Council shall be final and binding on the owner or the occupier of the building. 9. Licensed technicians for construction of waterseallatrines The Council shall issue licences to technicians, contractors, plumbers in sufficient number (who are trained and in the opinion of the Council), competent to undertake the work of construction of waterseal latrines conforming to the prescribed specifications, types and designs etc. on payment of a license fee of Rs. 25 and maintain a register thereof for the convenience of the persons constructing waterseallatrines. [ 188 ] ANNEX-46 Page 4 of Pages 6 SUGGESTED MODEL BYELAWS FOR REGULATING THE CONSTRUCTION, OPERATION, MAINTENANCE AND CONTROL OF WATER-CLOSETS, PRIVIES AND LATRINES WITHIN THE MUNICIPALITIES OF ANDHRA PRADESH (Contd.) No other person except a licensed contractor shall be allowed to construct waterseal latrines. An agreement shall be executed between the Council and the licensed contractor laying down the relevant terms and necessary security money shall have to be deposited with the Council. 10. Application and other procedures i. The person who desires to convert or construct a latrine shall submit an application on the prescribed form to the Council for sanction giving all the necessary details about the type, design and specifications of the latrine desired to be constructed and also give the location of the latrine, leach pits etc. The licensed contractor shall assist him in submitting the application and getting it sanctioned. In case the application and the proposal are found to be in order, the sanctiOn will be accorded by the Council and· a copy of the list of materials to be used and specifications of the work will be given to the applicant provided the appli- cant is constructing a waterseal pourflush latrine as prescribed. The Council has the right to refuse permission to build a new latrine or to convert the existing dry or bucket or borehole latrine, if there is a possibility of a public health hazard. ii. If a person who wants to convert the existing dry earth, bucket or borehole latrine or build a new waterseal pourflush latrine with onsite excreta disposal is desirous to take the financial assistance for it, he shall execute an agreement with the Council, as per the scheme of financial assistance to householders notified by the Council vide the Official Gazette dated . The financial assistance in the shape of loan and grant, the criteria for the determination of the grant element and the terms and conditions for giving the financial assistance and loan recovery with interest shall be as specified in the said notification. iii. The licensed contractor or plumber shall construct the sanctioned latrine as per the pre- scribed design, drawing and specification to the satisfaction of the Council and the owner or the occupier of the house. iv. After the contractor submits the completion certificate of building the latrine and the Council and the owner or the occupier of the building being satisfied with the construction, payment will be released to the contractor by the Council. The owner or the occupier of the building will be given detailed instructions and guidance apart from a pamphlet giving the instructions and guidelines regarding its use, operation and maintenance. v. The latrine constructed shall be provided with a superstructure with proper ventilation. If there is a scheme for giving financial assistance for constructing a superstructure, the person who constructs the latrine will be given financial assistance on execution of an agreement on [ 189 ] ANNEX-46 Page 5 of Pages 6 SUGGESTED MODEL BYELAWS FOR REGULATING THE CONSTRUCTION, OPERATION, MAINTENANCE AND CONTROL OF WATER-CLOSETS, PRIVIES AND LATRINES WITHIN THE MUNICIPALITIES OF ANDHRA PRADESH (Contd.) terms and conditions as specified by the Council, provided funds are available with the Coun- cil under the scheme. vi. The houseowner or the occupier shall not get any financial assistance in cash under the scheme. vii. The person who has obtained a loan for constructing a latrine or superstructure shall repay the loan with interest in instalments determined by the Council under the financial assis- tance scheme, regularly. In case of default. the following measures shall be taken for recovery: a. Rate of interest from the date of the last loan instalment paid to the date of payment of outstanding due loan amount shall be enhanced by at least 5% above the current bank loan interest percentage. b. Recovery of loan dues with penal interest in case of default shall be effected by means of distraining of the goods of the defaulter as is laid down for the recovery of taxes in the Municipal Act or through the Collector as arrears of land revenue. c. Amount of loan due with penal interest shall be adjusted first from whatever amount is paid by the defaulter towards the payment of the municipal dues. d. The water pipe connection, if the defaulter has in house, shall be disconnected. e. Recovery shall be effected from the tenant who will recover it from the rent paid to the owner of the house. f. In case the owner of the building, in whose respect the default has occured, is not living in the building, the water connection of the building where he is residing, if it lies within the municipal limits of the town, shall be disconnected. 11. Dismantling of dry latrine Mter the construction of waterseal latrine, the dry latrine (if existing in the household) shall be dismantled. 12. Execution of work by the Council in case of default If the owner or the occupier against whom a notice under by-law No. 8 has been issued, fails to comply with the notice within the specified time, then, without prejudice to any other action that may be taken against him under any other provision of the law, the Commissioner shall get the latrine constructed or converted as the case may be, in terms of the notice, departmentally or through any other authorised agency and recover the expenses incurred in this behalf from the defaulter as arrears of tax. 190 ] ANNEX-46 Page 6 of Pages 6 SUGGESTED MODEL BYELAWS FOR REGULATING THE CONSTRUCTION, OPERATION, MAINTENANCE AND CONTROL OF WATER-CLOSETS, PRIVIES AND LATRINES WITHIN THE MUNICIPAUTIES OF ANDHRA PRDAESH (Contd.) 13. Maintenance of latrines The waterseallatrine shall be properly maintained and kept in sanitary condition by the owner or the occupier. The contents of the septic tanks, soak pits etc. shall be periodically emptied by the owner or the occupier at his own cost either through a private agency or the municipality. The municipality shall maintain a special squad for this purpose and provide its services for emptying the contents and/or removal thereof on payment of charges at the rates prescribed from time to time. The Council shall clean the leach pits free of cost at the request of the owner or the occupier of the building but the pits will be cleaned only after 2 years of their remaining out of service after they were full. The humus, in such cases, shall be the property of the Council and the owner or the occupier of the house shall not have any claim on it. 14. Penalty for breach of bye-laws Any person committing breach of any of the above byelaws shall be liable to a fine not exceeding Rs. 500/· with or without simple imprisonment not exceeding one month. [ 191 ] ANNEX-47 ADDITIONAL STAFF REQUIREMENTS IN PROJECT TOWNS (Sections 6.6 and 8.1) TOWN INDIVIDUAL LATRINES TO BE DONE GRADE EXISTING STAFF STAFF of Municipal Municipal Assistant REQUIREMENT Total Conversion New Munici- Engineer t Engineers ABE Motivators pality * ** c E T M F 1. Adilabad 7,431 2,387 5,044 II III AE - - - 1 1 2 2. Amalapuram 6,414 1,072 5,342 II - - 1 - 1 1 1 1 3. Anakapalle 14,853 2,083 12,770 1 II DEE 2 - 2 2 2 3 4. Bapatla 9,195 1,270 7,925 II - - 2@ - 2@ 2 1 2 5. Bheemunipatnam 5,933 759 5,174 III - - 1 - 1 1 1 1 6. Dharmavaram 7,794 409 7,385 III - - I - 1 2 1 2 7. Gadwal 5,730 234 5,496 III III AE 1 - 1 1 1 1 8. Gudivada 13,779 2,031 11,748 s II DEE 3 - 3 2 1 3 9. Guntakal 13,920 2,052 11,868 I Ill AE 2 - 2 2 1 3 10. Karimnagar 13,857 8,423 5,434 II III AE 2 - 2 2 1 3 11. Kavali 8,647 1,845 6,802 II - - 2 - 2 2 1 2 12. Khammam 14,584 4,242 10,342 I II DEE 1 - 1 2 1 3 13. Madanapalle 7,103 2,664 4,439 II - - 1 - 1 1 1 1 14. Mahbubnagar 11,417 4,443 6,974 II - - 2 - 2 2 1 3 15. Nandya1 14,903 2,217 12,686 I III AE 3 1 4 2 2 3 16. Ongole 13,741 1,045 12,796 s II DEE 2 - 2 2 1 3 17. Proddatur 17,239 2,684 14,555 I III AE 3 1 4 3 2 3 18. Sangareddy 4,106 4,714 2,332 III III AE - - - 1 1 1 19. Srikakulam 11,303 1,980 9,323 I II DEE 3 1 4 2 1 3 20. Tadepalligudem 11,766 2,313 9,453 I II DEE 2 - 2 2 1 3 Total 2,13,815 45,927 1,67,888 34 3 37 35 23 46 @ 1 Post kept in abeyance s Special Grade Municipality EE Executive Engineer t Provincial Cadre DEE : Deputy Executive Engineer (Former Assistant Engineer) * Grade ** Corresponding rank in PHMED ABE Assistant Executive Engineer (Former Junior Engineer-Graduate) c Civil E Electrical T . Total AE Assistant Engineer (Former Supervisor-Diploma Holder) M : Male F Female [ 192 J ANNEX-48- i INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS (Section 6.2) The main draw back as revealed from the evaluation ~tudies of the ex1sttng programmes in the various states resulting in tardy progress is due to the non-availability of an institution or agency for : i. executing the programme at a reasonable service charge to do all the chores on behalf of the householder from the time of application to the completion of the work including the several stages of approval, drawl and collection of funds from the different sources; ii. observing the formalities including documentation, selection of designs suitable for the individual locations, approval of plans and estimates; iii. procuring materials of the requisite specification at competetive prices; iv. arranging trained skilled as well as unskilled labour, supervision of construction, attending to complaints, if any; v. arranging for methodical and periodical desludging of the pits as and when needed; vi. marketing the pit contents for the benefit of the householders; and vii. recovery of the loan instalments. Promotional work and preparation of the scheme are also concomitant jobs preferably done by the same institution or by other agencies in close coordination with it. If all these jobs cannot be pel"" formed by a single institution, there should be a lead institution responsible for all these jobs, coordinat- ing and directing the different collaborating institutions earmarked for the specific functions. However, it has to be ensured that the beneficiaries would be able to get the work completed by approaching a single agency without himself taking the responsibility of any operation as mentioned in i above. 193 ] ANNEX-48 - ii RECOMMENDED I~STITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK (.:lectlvns 6.2 & 8.6) STATE DIRECTION COMMITTEE Policy for formulation & expeditious execution of the Programme including loan and subsidy pattern for municipality/individuals and development of market for re-use of digested pit contents Allocation of finances to the PMMC and municipalities I I I I CE (PH) THROUGH PMMC DMA I J I I I Ensuring execution of project (implemented I I by municipalities) I I Ensuring timely repayments of loans advanc· I I ed to municipalities and individuals I 1 I Programming DISTRICT DEVELOPMENT COUNCILS Preparation of detailed engineering studies Periodical Review Project management including procurement Allocation of scarce materials of all critical materials I Execution of the programme through the MUNICIPALITIES municipalities Receipt of funds from the PHMED and other Technical supervision and monitoring of sources project Disbursement of funds to the beneficiaries Training and licensing masons/contractors Recovery of loans and maintenance charges for executing works as well as orientatiOn, from the beneficiaries technical and community participation types Repayment of loan to PHMED and other of training sources Health education, motivation and promotion Execution of the programme of the programme including mass media Maintenance of community latrines publicity Desludging of pits of private water closets Evaluation of project Storage and marketing of pit contents Recommending necessary amendments in the I Andhra Pradesh Acts and Byelaws and moni- TOWN DIRECTION COMMITTEE toring their enactment and enforcement (4-member) Monitoring the recovery of loans and the Monitoring and accelerating the progress of collection and utilisation of the pit contents the implementation work Carrying out research and investigations I for improving the functioning of the Project, I ' for the use of local materials to reduce the i cost etc. SANITATION CELL 194 ] ANNEX-49 APPLICATION BY THE HOUSEOWNER FOR THE *CONVERSION/* CONSTRUCTION OF A POURFLUSH LATRINE (Section 6.12.4.1) From To Municipal Commissioner ...... ··· ....... Municipality Dated Sub : * Conversion of dry or bucket latrine into pour-flush unit/ * Construction of a new pour-flush latrine with on-site disposal of excreta Dear Sir, I am to inform you that I am the owner of the house no .......... situated in ... ··· ....... ··· locality of ward no .. .. .. . . . . in .. .. ... . .. . . . . . . . town with Assessment No. . .. . I belong* I do not belong* to SCIST. There is* / is no* water (tap) connection in the house. There is* I is no* electric connection in the house. I am interested in getting (i)* my dry or bucket latrine converted to pourflush one I (ii)*a new pour-flush latrine constructed as I do not have any latrine in my above mentioned house, as per design and drawing and on the terms and conditions specified by the Municipal Council. The number of the persons residing in the household are .................... .. I am willing to complete all the formalities required for the work and to repay the loan instalments regularly. *i I would like to get the work done through the licensed contractor, Shri *ii The Municipality may please get the work done through any of its licensed contractors. It is requested that sanction to pay Rs. as subsidy and Rs. as loan may kindly be accorded. An amount of Rs. for the stamp paper for executing the agreement *is being sentl*has been deposited in the municipal office vide receipt no. dated Yours faithfully. (Signature of the house-owner) *Please score out whichever is not applicable 195 ] ANNEX-50 APPLICATION BY THE TENANT FOR THE *CONVERSION/*CONSTRUCTION OF A POURFLUSH LATRINE (Section 6.12.4.1) From ........ ......... ...... .............................. ~ ~ " ................... ..................... .... ... ... ... ... ······ ................................ To. The Commissioner, •.. .. . .. . ... .Municipality Dated ....................... . a of • • • oea • • • • • o o • o eoe • • • a aU • • • Sub : *Conversion of dry or bucket latrine into pourflush unit/ *Construction of a new pourflosh latrine with on-site disposal of human excreta Dear Sir, I am to inform you that I am a tenant in house no .. ··· ..... situated in ............ locality of ward no ............... whose owner is (name) ........................... (address)... .... ... .. ........................... . The Assessment No. of the House is .. ··· ... I* belong to I do not belong* to SC/ST. There is* f is no• water (tap) connection in the house. There is* I is no* electric connection for this household. I am interested in getting (i)* my dry/bucket latrine converted into pour-flush unit (ii)* a new pourflush latrine constructed, as there is no latrine in my household, as per design and drawing and on the terms and conditions specified by the Municipal Council. The number of persons residing in the household are ............... ·· ...... *The owner has given his concurrence for this work to be done at my cost. *The owner has not given his concurrence for this work. I am willing to complete all the formalities required for the work and to repay the loan instalments regularly. *i. I would like to get the work done through the licensed contractor, Shri. .......................... .. *ii. The Municipality may please get the work done through any of its licensed contractors. It is requested that sanction to pay Rs ........... as subsidy and Rs ........... as loan may kindly be accorded. An amount of Rs ..... ··· ...... for the stamp paper for executing the agreement *is being sent/*has been deposited in the Municipal office vide receipt no .............. dated ................. . Yours faithfnlly. (Signature of the tenant) * Please score out whichever is not applicable [ 196 l ANNEX-51 Page 1 of Pages 2 LOAN AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE MUNICIPAL COUNCIL AND THE BORROWER (Section 6.12.4.4) An agreement made the ............. day of ........... 1984 between the Municipal Council of .....• ...... ... ... . .. ... .. .. .. .. . ................. through it Commissioner (hereinafter called 'the Council which expression shall include its successors and assigns wherever the context or meanining shall so require or permit) of the one part, and Shri ......... ··. .. . .. ... .. . (hereinafter called 'the Beneficiary' which expression shall include his successsors and assigns wherever the context or meaning shall so require or permit) of the other part. Where as I. The Beneficiary desires to convert his existing dry/bucket latrine to a pour-flush water-seal latrine with leaching pits for on-site disposal of excreta or to construct a new pour-flush water-seal latrine' with leach pits for on site disposal of excreta (hereinafter called latrine) in house no.............. situated in ................. locality of .................. ward no ••• owned by the Beneficiary or Sri ........................ (actual owner). 2. The Beneficiary desires to have a sum of Rs. . . . ... ... ... ... as loan and Rs. ... .•• ... as grant for the aforesaid latrine from the Council which has acceded to the said request of the Beneficiary. It is hereby agreed and declared as follows : 1. that the loan and grant advanced by the Council mentioned at 2 above shall not be given to the Beneficiary in. cash but adjusted as detailed below; ii. that the Beneficiary has received the amount of Rs. · · · ··· ... ... as subsidy and Rs ......... . as loan from the Council, the stamped receipt of which is enclosed; iii. that the Beneficiary has seen the standard designs and drawings of the latrine available in the office of the Council and has selected one of them to be constructed in his house, cost of which is Rs. .. . . .. ... .. . including supervision charges; iv. that due to site conditions some additional works to the standard design and drawing are required to be done, cost of which as estimated by the Council is Rs. ... ... ... .. . which has been deposited by the Beneficiary with the Council vide receipt no ............ . dated ...... ; v. that the Beneficiary has agreed to get the work executed through the Council/through the licensed contractor of his choice and deposited the aforesaid amount of Rs ....... with the Council vide receipt no ... ... ... ... dated .......... ; vi. that the Beneficiary authorises the Council to make the payment to the contractor out of the aforesaid deposits after adjusting the supervision charges; vii. that the amount of loan of Rs ............. is repayable in ............ years with ......... % rate of interest per annum; and the Beneficiary will pay back the entire loan amount with interest to the Council at an equated periodical instalment of Rs ............. The first instalment shall fall due on the first day of the next month to the month in which the latrine is constructed; [ 197 1 ANNEX-51 Page 2 of Pages 2 LOAN AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE MUNICIPAL COUNCIL AND THE BORROWER (Contd.) viii. that if the Beneficiary pays the said instalment on or before the due date, he shall be entitled to a rebate of % of the due instalment; ix. that notwithstanding the stipulation regarding payment of periodical instalment contained in aforesaid paras, the Beneficiary may repay the whole amount of the loan or a portion thereof and interest thereon at any time before the date ·on which the loan or any instal· ment thereof or interest thereon falls due for payment but any repayment made in pursu- ance of this sub-clause shall be adjusted against interest due and the balance, if any towards the principal; x. that if any instalment of principal or interest or both shall remain unpaid on the due date thereon; the Council without prejudice to its rights, shall have a right to recover the dues of latrine loan in the same way as arrears of municipal taxes are realised; and also the Council shall have a right to disconnect the water supply pipe connection of the house of the Beneficiary. xi. that if any such instalment of principal or that of interest or both that may become due and payable to the Council shall remain unpaid on the respective due dates thereon, penal interest at the rate of % shall be payable from the due date; and xii. that if the owner Beneficiary sells or the tenant Beneficiary vacates the property, he shall give such information to the Council in advance and the entire balance amount of principal and interest of latrine loan which has remained unpaid on that date shall be payable baclc without prejudice to the Council's right to recover the same froin his successors and assigns. In witness where of the parties hereto have signed this deed on the day and year first above written. Signed by For and on behalf of the Municipal Council of... ····•· The Borrower · Witnesses with complete address Witnesses with complete address } ___________________ 1 2 __________________ 2.______________________ [ 198 l ANNEX-52~ COMPLETION CERTIFICATE (Section 6.12.4. 6) COPY FOR CONTRACTOR COPY FOR ACCOUNTANT COPY FOR LOAN RECOVERY {Completion Certificate) (Completion Certificate) (Completion Certificate) As per your work order no.- ... . •. dated... •.. , As per your work order no .......... dated... . .. , As per your work order no.... . .. . .. dated... ..... I have completed the *conversion of dry or bucket I have completed the *conversion of dry or bucket I have completed the *conversion of dry or bucket latrine with a pour-flush unit/construction of new latrine with a pour-flush unit/*construction of a latrine with a pour-flush unit/* construction of a pour-flush latrine in house no. .. . . .. situated in new pour-flush latrine in house no.... . .. situated new pour-flush latrine in house no ............ situated ward no. . . ..... as per the design, drawing, speci- in ward no.... ...as per the design, drawing, speci- in ward no .•........... as per the design, drawing, fications and layout given to me. fications and layout given to me. specifications and layout given to me. Dated signature of contractor Dated signature of contractor Dated signature of contractor The Contractor (name) ................................... . The Contractor (name) ___________ ~-------------------------· The Contractor (name) ................................. ··· (address) ..................................................... . (address) ...•• , ... _ ......................................... .. (address) .. has completed the *conversion of my dry orbucket has completed the *conversion of my dry or bucket has completed the *conversion of my dry or bucket latrine into a pour-flush unit/*construction of a latrine into a pour-flush unit/*construction of a latrine into a pour-flush unit/*construction of a. new pour-flush latrine in my house no .............. .. new pour-flush latrine in bouse no. situated new pour-flush latrine in my house no. situated situated in .............. locality. l am fully satisfied in ......... locality. I am fully satisfied with the in locality. I am fully satisfied with the with the work done by him. work done by him. work done by him. Dated signature of the beneficiary Dated signature of the beneficiary Dated signature of the beneficiary *Please delete the portion not applicable. *Please delete the portion not applicable. *Please delete the portion not applicable. I have verified that the above certificate has been I have verified that the above certificate has been signed by the beneficiary. I have inspected the signed by the beneficiary. l have inspected the aforesaid work. I certify that the above work has aforesaid work. I certify that the above work has been completed as per the given design, drawing, been completed as per the given design, drawing, specifications and layout. Payment amounting to specifications and layout. Payment amounting to- Rs. ... .. . . ..... ..... (amount in words) ................ . Rs...... ... . ..... (amount in words) ................. . may be made to the contractor. may be made to the contractor. Dated signature of the Junior Engineer Dated signature of the Junior Engineer Countersigned Countersigned (Municipal Engineer) (Municipal Engineer) Loan Recovery Section Accountant Please start loan recovery from the owner/tenant Payment may please be made to the contractor. of the house from the next month (specifyl. Municipal Commissioner/Executive Officer/Secre- Municipal Commissioner/Executive Officer/Secre- tary. tary. 199 ] :r ll ANNEX-53 Page 1 of Pages 4 UNIT COSTS OF FINISHED ITEMS (GROUPS) (Section 7.3) Description of Item Unit Quantity Unit Rate (Rs.) Amount (Rs.) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) 1. Foundation an~ Plinth for Superstructure i. Earth work in excavation in foundation in ordinary soils (loam, clay & sand) including lead upto 50 m and lift upto 1.5 m and refilling and disposal of surplus earth m3 0.3 3.15 0.95 ii. Providing and laying cement eoncrete 1:6:12 (1 cement: 6 sand : 12 graded brick ballast 40 mm size) m3 0.069 200.00 13.80 iii. 1st class brick work in foundation and plinth in 1:6 cement mortar m3 0.193 299.50 57.80 TOTAL 72.55 or Rs. 73 2. Construction of each latrine seat i. Earth work in excavation in trenches for foundation in ordi- nary soil, loam, clay mixed with kankar, sand with lead upto 50 m and lift upto 1.5 m and refilling and disposal of surplus earth under pan m3 0.03 3.15 0.10 ii. Flooring with 22 mm thick cement concrete 1:2:4 (I cement: 2 coarse sand : 4 stone ballast 6 mm to 10 mm size) over 75 mm thick cement concrete 1:6:12 (1 cement: 6 sand: 12 graded brick ballast 40 mm size) with an additional 3 mm thick top layer consisting of 4 parts of cement and 1 part of marble dust or coarse sand and rendering the surface smooth m2 0.68 24.20 16.46 iii. Supplying and fixing 425 mm GRP Pan with 70 mm dia HDPE P-trap With 20 mm waterseal and one pair mossaic foot rests including supplying all material and providing 25 mm sand layer over 60 mm thick dry brick ballast padding under the toilet pan and brick support under the trap and filling of earth including watering and ramming Set 1 Set 105.00 105.00 TOTAL 111.56 or Rs. 122 [ 200 l ANNEX-53 Page 2 of Pages 4 UNIT COSTS OF FINISHED ITEMS (GROUPS) (Contd.) (All rates and costs in Rs.) 5 user 10 user 15 user Description of Item Unit Rate per Quantity Cost Quantity Cost Quantity Cost Unit (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) 3. One leachpit within premises in water logged conditions i. Earthwork in excavation including refilling of trenches and disposal of surplus earth a. upto 2 m below GL m3 3.15 1.90 5.99 3.08 9.70 4.54 ' 14.30 b. beyond 2 m but upto 4 m below GL m3 14.00 0.06 0.84 0.285 3.93 0.06 0.84 ii. First class brickwork in I :6 cement mortar (solid masonry) at top, bottom and middle of the leaching pits m3 299.50 0.30 89.85 0.402 120.39 0.504 150.94 iii. Open vertical jointed brickwork in 1:6 cement mortar m3 240.00 0.364 87.37 0.522 125.23 0.600 144.00 iv. RCC in I :2:4 in the pre-cast covering slab m3 512.00 0.0355 18.18 0.062 31.74 0.142 72.70 v. MS reinforcement bars for the covering slab kg 5.50 2.89 15.90 3.35 18.43 7.41 40.76 vi. Sanfilling ms 25.50 12.42 316.71 15.89 405.20 17.71 451.61 vii. Earth filling ms 11.85 4.72 55.93 5.73 67.90 2.40 28.44 viii. Polythene sheet sealing at the bottom m2 11.00 0.57 6.27 0.87 9.57 1.65 18.15 TOTAL 597.04 792.09 921.74 or say 597 or say Rs. 792 or say Rs. 922 [ 201 ,i;: ',! ~ "; ANNEX-53 Page 3 of Pages 4 UNIT COSTS OF FINISHED ITEMS (GROUPS) (Contd.) Description of Item Unit Quantity Unit Rate (Rs) Amount (Rs) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5} 4. Minimum superstructure for 5/10 user unit i. Providing and laying 75 mm thick brick masonry in walls in 1:6 CM in superstructure m3 0.49 299.50 146.78 ii. Providing and laying RCC 1:2:4 precast roofslab and door lintel m3 0.075 512.00 38.40 iii. M.S. Steel bars for RCC work and angle iron choukhat kg 5.00 5.50 27.50 iv. Supplying and fixing 30 mm thick single leaf salwood batten door with iron fittings mZ 0.72 115.00 82.80 v. Supplying and fixing M S holdfasts each four 5.00 20.00 vi. Painting of the door m2 1.44 L.S. 10.00 vii. 12 mm thick cement plaster 1:4 with coarse sand on internal walls upto 0.3 m height from filoor m2 0.82 10.55 8.65 viii. Making the plaster smooth with neat cement job L.S. L.s. 5.50 ix. Supplying RCC Jali of size 0.22 m x 0.23m x 0.23 m each one 20.00 20.00 x. 20 mm thick damp proof course m2 0.23 22.00 5.05 TOTAL 364.68 or say Rs 365.00 [ 202 ] ANNEX-53 Page 4 of Pages 4 UNIT COSTS OF FINISHED ITEMS (GROUPS) (Contd.) Unit Quantity Unit Rate Amount Description of Item (Rs) (Rs) (I) (2) (3) (4) (5) 5. Jonctiou chamber i. Earthwork in excavation including refilling of trenches and disposal of surplus earth m3 0.15 3.15 0.47 ii. Cement concrete 1 : 6 : 12 (1 cement: 6 sand: 12 graded brick ballast 40 mm size) m3 0.019 200.00 3.80 iii. First-class brickwork in cement mortar 1 : 6 ( 1 cement: 6 sand) m3 0.05 299.50 14.97 iv. Cement concrete 1 : 2 : 4 (1 cement : 2 coarse sand : 4 stone ballast 6mm to 10 mm size) including rendering the surface smooth with neat cement m3 0.0016 410.00 0.66 v. Reinforce cement concrete 1 : 2 : 4 ( 1 cement : 2 coarse sand : 4 graded stone ballast 20 mm size) in precast slab excluding reinforcement m3 0.0042 512.00 2.15 vi. M. S. steel bars for RCC work in precast slab Job Job L.S. 5.00 '\<ii. 12 mm thick cement plaster 1 : 4 (1 cement : 4 coarse sand) m3 0.28 10.55 2.95 TOTAL 30.00 Say Rs 30.00 6. Brick drain one meter in length i. Earth work in excavation including refilling of trenches and disposal of surplus earth Job Job L.S. 2.00 ii. Cement concrete 1 : 6 : 12 ( I cement: 6: sand: 12 graded brick ballast 40 mm size) m3 0.026 200.00 5.20 iii. First-class brick-work in cement mortar 1:6 (1 cement: 6 sand) m3 0.017 299.50 5.10 iv. First-class brick work in mud mortar m3 0.017 209.00 3.55 v. Cement concrete 1 : 2 : 4 ( I cement : 2 coarse sand : 4 stone ballast 6 mm to 10 mm size) including rendering the surface smooth with neat cement m3 0.005 410.00 2.05 vi. 12 mm thick cement plaster 1 : 4 ( 1 cement : 4 coarse sand) including making the surface smooth with neat cement m3 0.15 10.55 1.58 vii. Extra cost for rendering the plaster smooth with neat cement and making the corners round L.S. Job L.S. 2.00 TOTAL 21.48 Say Rs 22.00 [ 203 ] ANNEX-54 SCHEDULE OF RATES (Section 7.3) DESCRIPTION UNIT UNIT COST (RS.) Labour Unskilled man-day 10.00 Skilled man-day 18.00 Mason man-day 18.00 Material Cement 50 kg. bag 55.00 Lime cum 100.00 Ist. class bricks at site 1000 nos 350 00 Country bricks at site 1000 , 300.00 Rough stone cum 69.00 Fine sand cum 30.00 Medium and coarse sand cum 28.00 Stone aggregate cum 138.00 Steel Tonne 5,500.00 Brick aggregate cum 90.00 Source: 1984 PHE & Irrigation Departmental Schedules of Rates [ 204 ] ANNEX-55 Page 1 of Pages 2 BASIC AND UNIT COSTS OF INDIVIDUAL LATRINES 'PIT LOCATION, USERS AND HYDROGEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS) (Sections 6.12.2 and 7.3)) WITHIN PREMISES UNDER FOOTPATH CONVERSIONS NEW CONSTRUCTIONS CONVERSIONS SUPERSTRUCTURE SUPERSTRUCTURE WITH SUPERSTRUCTURE SUPERSTRUCTURE EXISTING TO BE PROVIDED EXISTING TO BE PROVIDED 5 10 15 5 10 15 5 10 15 5 10 15 5 10 15 DRY CONDITIONS Basic Cost 601 775 1,154 1,029 1,204 1,908 1,018 1,196 1,890 795 1,070 1,539 1,223 1,498 2,291 Unit Cost (D-1) 744 960 1,429 1,274 1,490 2,359 1,259 1,480 2,339 983 1,324 1,905 1,533 1,854 2,835 Monthly Instalment 6.67 8.48 12.62 10.94 13.16 20.83 11.12 13.07 20.65 8.68 Jl.69 16.18 13.54 16.37 25.03 Unit Cost (D-2) 905 1,190 1,710 1,435 1,720 2,640 1,420 1,710 2,620 11.70 1,585 2,185 1,700 2,115 3,115 Monthly Instalment 7.99 10.51 15.10 12.67 15.19 23.31 12.54 15.10 23.13 1033 14.00 19.29 15,01 18.68 27.51 WET CONDITIONS Basic Cost 707 925 1,424 1,135 1,354 2,175 1,127 1,345 2,159 934 1,281 1,703 1.363 1,711 2,455 Unit Cost (W-1) 875 1,145 1,762 1,405 1,675 2,692 1,395 1,665 2,672 1,156 1,587 2,107 1,686 2,117 3,037 Monthly Instalment 7.73 10.11 15.56 12.41 14.79 23.77 12.32 14.70 23.59 10.21 14.01 18.60 14.89 18.69 26.82 Unit Cost (W-2) 1,075 1,450 2,165 1,605 1,980 3,095 1,595 1,970 3,075 1,480 1,885 2,470 2,010 2,415 3,400 Monthly Instalment 9.49 12.80 19.12 14.17 17.48 27.33 14.08 17.40 27.15 13.07 16.64 21.81 17.75 21.32 30.02 WATERLOGGED CONDITIONS Basic Cost 1,438 1,830 2,238 1,866 2,258 2,990 1,848 2,246 2,973 Unit Cost (WL-1) 1,780 2,265 2,770 2,310 2,795 3,700 2,330 2,780 3,680 Monthly Instalment 15.72 20.00 24.46 20.40 24.68 32.67 20.30 24.55 32.49 Unit Cost (WL-2) 2,200 2,450 2,985 - - - 2,700 3,120 4,110 Monthly Instalment 19.43 21.63 26.36 - - - 23.83 27.55 36.29 Unit cost includes 10% contingencies and 12!% engineering costs over basic cost D-1 and W-1 are without Water Pollution Prevention Measures (WPPM) while D-2 and W-2 include WPPM Monthly Instalment is for 100% loan with 9!% interest repayable in 25 years [ 205 ] (', 1', "" ot ANNEX-55 Page 2 of Pages 2 BASIC AND UNIT COSTS OF INDIVIDUAL LATRINES (Contd.) UNDER FOOTPATH UNDER ROAD NEW CONSTRUCTIONS CONVERSIONS NEW CONSTRUCTIONS WITH SUPERSTRUCTURE SUPERSTRUCTURE SUPERSTRUCTURE WITH SUPERSTRUCTURE EXISTING TO BE PROVIDED 5 10 15 5 10 15 5 10 15 5 10 15 DRY CONDITIONS Basic Cost 1,210 1,486 2,275 1,026 1,301 1,717 1,455 1,729 2,469 1,443 1,721 2,453 Unit Cost (D-1) 1,498 1,839 2,815 1,270 1,610 2,125 1,800 2,140 3.055 1,785 2,130 3,035 Monthly Instalment 13.23 24.86 24.86 11.21 14.22 18.76 15.89 18.90 26.98 15.75 18.81 26.80 Unit Cost D-2 1,685 2,100 3,095 1,470 1,830 2,410 2,000 2,360 3,340 1,985 2,350 3,320 Monthly Instalment 14.88 18.54 27.33 12.98 16.16 21.28 17.65 20.84 29.49 17.53 20.75 29.32 WET CONDITIONS Basic Cost 1,350 1,698 2,438 1,192 1,531 1,984 1,620 1,960 2,735 1,613 1,952 2,719 Unit Cost (W-1) 1,671 2,102 3.017 1,475 1,895 2,455 2,005 2,425 3,385 1,995 2,415 3,365 Monthly Instalment 14.75 18 56 26.64 13.02 16.73 2168 17.70 21.41 29.89 17.62 21.32 29.71 Unit Cost (W-2) 1,995 2,400 3,380 1,700 2,180 2,820 2,230 2,710 3,750 2,220 2,700 3,730 Monthly Instalment 17.62 21.19 29.85 15.01 19.25 24.90 16 69 23.93 33.11 19.60 23.84 32.94 Unit cost includes 10% contingencies and 12!% engineering costs over basic cost D-1 and W-1 are without Water Pollution Prevention Measures (WPPM) whole D-2 and W-2 include WPPM Monthly Instalment is for 100% loan with 9!% interest repayable in 25 years 206 ] ANNEX-56 Page 1 of Pages 5 ESTIMATES FOR UNIT COSTS OF INDIVIDUAL LATRINES (Section 7.3) (Amounts in Rs) Conversion of dry latrines Construction of New with existing super- with superstructure Latrines Item of work structure to be provided with supentructure u 5 10 15 5 10 15 5 10 15 1. Site cleaning of the existing latrine including disin- 10 10 15 10 10 15 fection 2. Dismantling of dry latrine and floor, making hole 10 10 10 in the existing wall for pipe/drain including rein- statement of the wall after fixing and disposal of sur- plus unservicable materials 3. Foundation and plinth for superstructure including - - - 73 73 135 73 . 73 135 labour and materials 4. Construction of latrine seat unit including labour 122 122 244 122 122 244 122 122 244 and materials 5. Construction of drain with inspection chamber or 85 85 107 85 85 107 85 85 107 supply and fixing locally made 80mm dia. cement pipe set I short pipe 2 long pipes and 1 Y- pioce including labour and materials Sub Total {i) 227 227 376 290 290 501 280 280 486 A. WITHIN PREMISES a. DRY CONDITIONS Sub Total (i) 227 227 376 290 290 501 280 280 480 6. Construction of leach pits including labour and 356 530 758 356 530 758 356 530 758 materials 7. Extra for carriage of materials in narrow lanes 18 18 20 18 19 24 17 21 21 Sub Total (ii) 601 775 1,124 664 839 1,283 653 831 1,265 Superstructure - - - 365 365 625 365 365 625 [ 207 '" 0 ANNEX-56 Page 2 of Pages 5 ESTIMATES FOR UNIT COSTS OF INDIVIDUAL LATRINES (Cnotd.) (Amounts in Rs) Conversion of dry latrines Construction of New with existing super- with superstructure Latrines Item ofwork structure to be provided with superstructure u 5 10 15 5 10 15 5 10 15 Sub Total (iii) 601 775 1,154 1,029 1,204 1,908 1,018 1,196 1,890 Physical Contingencies@ 10% 60 78 116 103 120 191 102 120 189 Sub Total (iv) 661 853 1,270 1,132 1,324 2,099 1,120 1,316 2,079 Engineering costs @ 12i% 83 107 159 142 166 262 140 164 260 TOTAL UNIT COST 744 960 1,429 1,274 1,490 2,359 1,2.59 1,480 2,339 Cost of water pollution prevention measures (WPPM) 161 230 281 161 230 281 161 230 281 TOTAL UNIT COST WITH WPPM 905 1,190 1,710 1,435 1,720 2,640 1,420 1,710 2,620 b. WET CONDITIONS Sub Total (i) 227 227 376 290 290 501 280 280 486 6. Construction of leach pits including labour & 462 680 1,028 462 680 1,028 462 480 1,028 materials 7. Extra for carriage of materials in narrow lanes 18 18 20 18 19 21 20 20 20 Sub Total (ii) 707 925 1,424 770 989 1,550 762 980 1,534 Superstructure - - - 365 365 625 365 365 625 Sub Total (iii) 707 925 1.424 1,135 1,354 2,175 1,127 1,345 2,159 Physical Contingencies@ 10% 71 93 142 114 135 218 113 135 216 Sub Total (iv) 778 1,018 1,566 1,249 1,489 2,393 1,240 1,480 2,375 Engineering Costs @ 12!% 97 127 196 156 186 299 155 185 297 TOTAL UNIT COST 875 1,145 1,762 1,405 1,675 2,692 1,395 1,665 2,672 Cost of water pollution prevention measures (WPPM) 200 305 403 200 305 403 200 305 403 TOTAL UNIT COST WITH WPPM 1,075 1,450 2,165 1,605 1,980 3,095 1,595 1,970 3,075 c. WATER LOGGED CONDITIONS Sub Total (i) 227 227 376 290 290 501 280 280 486 [ 208 ] ANNEX-56 Page 3 of Pages 5 ESTIMATES FOR UNIT COSTS OF iNDIVIDUAL LATRINES (Contd.) (Amounts in Rs) Conversion of dry latrines Construction of New with existing super- with superstructure Latrines Item of work structure to be provided with superstrucrure u 5 10 15 5 10 15 5 10 15 6. Construction of leach pits including labour and 1,194 1,584 1,844 1,194 1,584 1,844 1,194 1,584 1,844 materials 7. Extra for carriage of materials in narrow lanes 17 19 18 17 19 20 19 17 18 Sub Total (ii) 1,438 1,830 2,238 1,501 1,893 2.365 1,493 1,881 2,348 Superstructure - - 365 365 625 365 365 625 Sub Total (iii) 1,438 1,830 2.238 1,866 2,258 2,990 1,858 2,246 2,973 Physical Contingencies @ 10% 144 183 224 187 226 299 186 225 298 Sob Total (iv) 1,582 2,013 2,462 2,053 2,484 3,289 2,044 2,471 3,271 Engineering Costs@ 12!% 198 252 308 257 311 411 256 309 409 TOTAL UNIT COST 1,780 2,265 2,770 2,310 2,795 3,700 2,300 2,780 3,680 B. UNDER FOOT PATH a. DRY CONDITIONS Sub Total (i) 227 227 376 290 290 501 280 280 486 6. Construction of leach pits including labour and 548 826 1,144 548 826 1,144 548 8.26 1,144 materials 7. Extra for carriage of materials in narrow lanes 20 17 19 20 17 21 17 15 20 Sub Total (ii) 795 1,070 1,539 858 1,133 1,666 845 1,121 1,650 Superstructure - - - 365 365 625 365 365 625 Sub Total (iii) 795 1.070 1,539 1,223 1,498 2,291 1,210 1,486 2,275 Physical Contingencies@ 10% 80 107 154 122 150 229 121 149 227 Sub Total (iv) 875 1,177 1,693 1,345 1,648 2,520 1,331 1,635 2,502 Engineering Costs@ 12!% 109 147 212 168 206 315 167 204 313 TOTAL UNIT COST 983 1,324 1,905 1,513 1,854 2J835 1,498 . 1,839 2)815 [ 209 J L' Cl ANNEX-56 Page 4 of Pages 5 ESTIMATES FOR UNIT COSTS OF INDIVIDUAL LATRINES (Contd.) (Amounts in Rs) Conversion of dry latrines Construction of New with existing suppr- with superstructure Latrines Item of work structure to be provided with superstructure u 5 10 15 5 10 15 5 10 15 Cost of Water Pollution Prevention Measures (WPPM) 187 261 280 187 261 280 187 261 280 TOTAL UNIT COST WITH WPPM 1,170 1,585 2.185 1,700 2,115 3,115 1,685 2,100 3,095 b. WET CONDITIONS Sub Total (i) 227 227 376 290 290 501 280 280 486 6. Construction of leach pits including labour and 688 1,036 1,308 688 1,036 1,308 688 1,036 1,308 materials 7. Extra for carriage of materials in narrow Janes 19 20 19 20 20 21 17 17 19 Sub Total (ii) 934 1,283 1.703 998 1,346 1,830 985 1,333 1,813 Superstructure - - - 365 365 625 365 365 625 Sub Total (iii) 934 1,283 1,703 1,363 1,711 2,455 1,350 1,698 2,438 Physical Contingencies @ 10% 93 128 170 136 171 245 135 170 244 Sub Total (iv) 1,027 1,411 1,873 1,499 1,882 2,700 1,485 1,868 2,682 Engineering Costs@ 12!% 129 176 234 187 235 337 186 234 335 TOTAL UNIT COST l, 156 1,587 2,107 1,686 2,117 3,037 1,671 2,102 3,017 Cost of Water Pollution Prevention Measures (WPPM) 324 298 363 324 298 363 324 298 363 TOTAL UNIT COST WITH WPPM 1,480 1,885 2,470 2,010 2,415 3,400 1,995 2,400 3,380 c. UNDER ROAD a. DRY CONDITIONS Sub Total (i) 227 227 376 290 290 501 280 280 486 6. Construction of leach pits including labour and 782 1,058 1,322 782 1,058 1,322 782 1,058 1,322 materials 7. Extra for carriage of materials in narrow lanes 17 16 19 18 16 21 16 18 20 [ 210 ANNEX-56 Page 5 of Pages 5 ESTIMATES FOR UNIT COSTS OF INDIVIDUAL LATRINES (Contd.) (Amounts in Rs) Conversion of dry latrines Construction of New with existing super- with superstructure Latrines Item of work structure to be provided with superstructure u 5 10 15 5 10 15 5 10 15 Sub Total (ii) 1,026 1,301 1,717 1,090 1,364 1,844 1,078 1,356 1,828 Superstructure - - - 365 365 625 365 365 625 Sub Total (iii) 1,026 1,301 1,717 1,455 1,729 2,469 1,443 1,721 2,453 Physical Contin!{encies @ 10% 103 130 172 145 173 247 144 1':72 245 Sub Total (iv) 1,129 1,431 1,889 1,600 1.902 2,716 1,587 1,893 2,698 Engineering Costs@ 12!% 141 179 236 200 238 339 198 237 337 TOTAL UNIT COST 1,270 1,610 2,125 1,800 2,140 3,055 1,785 2,130 3.035 Cost of Water Pollution Prevention Measures (WPPM) 200 220 285 200 220 285 200 220 285 TOTAL UNIT COST WITH WPPM 1,470 1,830 2,410 2,000 2,360 3,340 1,985 2,350 3,320 b. WET CONDITIONS Sub Total (i) 227 227 376 290 290 501 280 280 486 6. Construction of leach pits including labour and 948 1,286 1,588 948 1,286 1,588 948 1,286 1,588 materials 7. Extra for carriage of materials in narrow lanes 17 18 20 17 19 21 20 21 20 Sub Total (ii) 1,192 1,531 1,984 1,255 1.595 2,110 1,248 1,587 2,094 Superstructure - - - 365 365 625 365 365 625 Sub Total (iii) 1,192 1,531 1,984 1,620 1,960 2,735 1,613 1,952 2,719 Physical Contingencies@ 10% 119 153 198 162 196 274 161. 195 272 Sub Total (iv) 1,311 1,684 2,182 1,782 2,156 3,009 1,774 2.147 2,991 Engineering Costs@ 121% 164 211 273 223 269 376 221 268 374 TOTAL UNIT COST 1,475 1,895 2,455 2,005 2,425 3,385 1,995 2,415 3,365 Cost of Water Pollution Prevention Measures (WPPM) 225 285 365 225 285 365 225 285 365 TOTAL UNIT COST WITH WPPM 1,700 2,110 2,820 2,230 2,710 3,750 2,220 2,700 3,730 [ 211 J ,J l' r. ,~ ANNEX-57 Page 1 of Pages 3 ENGINEERING COSTS (Sections 6.5 & 7.5) Though the Project is expected to start off from April, 1984, the staff required for the PMMC, Local Sanitation Cell and the Administrative staff may not be in position before July 1984. As the Project is to be completed by March, 1991, 6! Years duration has been considered for the recurring establishment charges. A. Recurring Expenditure 1. Establishment ( 6! yrs) No. Per annum For Project (Rs) period (Rs lakhs) a. Project Management & Monitoring Cell (State Level) i. Superintending Engineer (Public Health) 1 40,000 2.70 ii. Deputy Director (MI. Admn.) 1 36,000 2.43 iii. Executive Engineers (P.H.) 3 90,000 6.08 iv. Sociologists 3 72,.000 4.86 v. Health Educators 3 72,000 4.86 vi. Assistant Executive Engineers (P.H.) 4 72,000 4.86 ( 1 Central + 3 Regional) vii. Draftsmen Grade II (1 Central + 3 Regional) 4 48,000 3.24 b. Local Sanitation Cell (Municipal Level) i. Assistant Executive Engineers (P.H.) 35 6,30,000 42.53 i. Male motivators @ Rs. 750/- 23 2,07,000 13.97 ii. Woman motivators @ Rs. 750/- 46 4,14,000 27.95 c. Administrative staff i. Superintendent 18,000 1.22 ii. Accountant 1 15,000 1.01 iii. Stenotypists 4 56,000 3.78 iv. Assistant 1 12,000 0.81 v. Driver 1 9,000 0.61 vi. LGG5 13 93,600 6.32 Total Establishment : 1,27.23 Pension & Leave Contribution Charges @ 16% 20.36 147.59 2. Recurring Expenditure other than Establishment(7 years) a Office Expenditure i. Office building rent@ Rs. 4000 p.m. 3.36 ii. Electricity, telephone and water charges @ Rs. 2000 p.m. 1.68 iii. Stationery and postage@ Rs. 1000/- p.m. 0.84 iv. Travelling allowance to 12 officers @ Rs. 500 per month each for 6! years 4.86 v. Van repair and maintenance@ Rs. 8,000 per annum for 6! years 0.54 vi. Fuel charges for van @ Rs. 24,000 per annum for 6! years 1.62 vii. Medical reimbursement charges for 75 staff members @ 25 p.m. for 6! years 1.52 14.42 ( 212 ] ANNEX-57 Page 2 of Pages, 3. ENGINEERING COSTS (Contd.) b. Training needs i. State level orientation courses x. Stipends for 30 trainees @ Rs. 100 X 30 X 7 X 8 1.68: y. Honararia @ Rs. 50 per lecture X 15 lectures per course X 56 courses 0.42' z. Stationery, Training Manuals, Course Material etc. Rs 2,000 X 56 1.12 3.22 ii. Local level technical training p. One week training courses for technical officers x. Stipends for trainees@ Rs 50 x 30X 56 0.84 y. Honoraria@ Rs. 50 per lecture X 30 lectures per course X 56 courses 0.84 z. Stationery, Training Manuals, Course Material etc. @ Rs. 3,000 X 56 Courses 1.68 3.36 q. 2-day training courses for contractors and others y.. Honararia @ Rs. 50 per lecture x 6 lectures per course X 56 courses O.t7 z. Stationery, Training Manuals, Course Material @ Rs 1000 x 56 courses 0.73 iii. Local level community participation trining x. Stipends for 30 trainees @ Rs. 50 for 40 courses 0.60: y. Honararia @ Rs. 75 per lecture X 15 lectures per course X 40 courses 0.45 z. Stationery, Training Mannuals, Course Material etc. @ Rs. 3,000 X 40 courses 1.20· 2.2j, B. Non-recurring Expenditure 1. Office equipment a. Furniture & class room tables 0;25 b. Furniture for officers & staff 0.4(} c. Office furniture including almirahs, racks etc. 0.40 d. Van 1 No. 1.25 e. Duplicating machine 0.05: [ 213 l ANNEX-57 Page 3 of Pages 3 ENGINEERING COSTS (Contd.) f. Typewriter 0.25 g. Office telephone installation charges 6 nos. with 2 exten- sions each 1.00 h. Cash chest- 1 no. 0.05 3.65 2. Materials for Mass Publicity a. Hoarding Boards 3m x 3m i. Preparation & fixation on site 4 nos. X 20 X Rs 1500 1.20 ii. Repainting every two years @ Rs. 200 X 20 X 4 0.64 1.84 b. Slides to be shown in 100 cinema theatres i. Preparation of 30 copies each of 6 slides per 0.18 theatre (design to be changed every third year) =Rs. 30X6X 100 ii, Exhibiting the slides in cinema theatres for 7 years 2.80 =Rs. 400X 7 X 100 2-98 c. Newspaper advertisements for insertion in local papers 2-52 once in four months for 7 years == 2 X 7 X 3 X 20 Rs 300 d. Printing of 250,000 hand bills and 200,000 pamphlets for publicity by municipal staff & licensed contractors; also 1.01 200,000 booklets on maintenance e. Mass education camps and exhibitions in 20 towns 10.00 18 35 3. Pilot plant studies for improvement and solution of special local problems 10.00 4. Setting up and running Scavenger Training & Rehabilitation Centres in each ofthe 20 towns 200.00 Total cost forB =Rs. 232lakhs Total engineering costs== A+B=-172+232=404.00 or say Rs 4.04 crores Total cost of the Project = Rs. 33.30 crores %age of Engineering Costs l >- =4.04-7-33.30= 12.13% to the Total Cost of the Project J Hence, 12-!% Engineering Costs provided are adequate [ 214 ANNEX-58 Page 1 of Pages 2 UNIT COSTS OF 8,12 & 16 SEATED COMMUNITY LATRINES (Sections 3.3, 5.3.2 and 7.3) 8-Seated 12-Seated 16-Seated ITEM Unit Rate per Quantity Amount Quantity Amount Quantity Amount (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.) 1. Excavation in foundation m3 6.34 6.50 41.00 9.12 58.00 11.50 73.00 2. Plain cement concrete in 1: 6: 12 mix m3 250.00 1.39 348.00 1.91 178.00 2.45 613.00 3, 2nd class brick work in foundation and plinth in 1: 6 cement mortar ma 273.50 6.80 1,860.00 9.50 2,598.00 12.28 3,350.00 4. Damp proof course (25 mm thick) in I :2 cement mortar m2 23.00 6.60 152.00 9.16 211.00 11.72 270.00 5. Reinforced cement concrete in 1:2:4 mix including steel ma 1180.00 1.39 1,640.00 2.32 2738.00 3.07 3,623,00 6. 2nd class brick work in superstructure in 1:6 cement mortar m3 273.50 12.55 3,432,00 17.21 4,707.00 23.43 6.408.00 7. Tar or bitumen felt over RCC roof m2 35.00 13.99 490.00 20.43 715.00 26.88 941.00 8. Ruled pointing in 1:4 cement mortar m2 8.93 35.45 317,00 42.95 384.00 50.50 451.00 9. Plaster in 1:6 cement mortar m2 8.20 49.97 410.00 75.00 615.00 100.00 82.00 10. White washing in 3 coats m2 0.85 51.20 49.00 85.00 72.00 114.00 97.00 11. Providing and fixing Cuddapa stone :flooring fired h!. c:;exneqt mortar 1:4 ~;:omplete with polishing m2 100.00 23.00 2,300.00 34,00 3AOO,OO 45,QO 4,500.00 ~-5 ANNEX-58 Page 2 of Pages Z UNlT COSTS OF 8, 12 & 16 SEATED COMMUNITY LATRINES (Contd.) 8-Seated 12-Seated 16-Seated ITEM Unit Rate per Quantity Amount Quantity Amount Quantity Amount (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.) 12. Supplying and fixing wooden shutters m2 236.72 10.8-0 2,557.00 16.20 3,835.00 21.60 5,113.00 13. Supplying and fixing GRP squatting pan (425mm), HDPE trap and Ceramic foot-rests No. 145.00 eight 1,160.00 twelve 1,740.00 Sixteen 2,320.00 14. Supplying all materials and constructing 25 mm thick 1:2:4 flooring over 75 mm thick 1:6:12 cement concrete m2 47 12.50 588.00 18.60 874.00 25.00 3,200.00' 15. Constructing 150 mm dia, semi-circular drain in brick masonry in 1:6 cement mortar m 50 16.00 800.00 20.00 1,000.00 24.00 1,200.00 16. Leaching pits as per drawing No. L.S. four 10,000.00 four 12,000.00 four 13,000.00' 17. Fixing of electricity points No. 60.00 10.00 600.00 14.00 840.00 18.00 900.00 18. Water tank including water connection No. L.S. one 3,100.00 one 3,400.00 one 3700.00 Total 29,824.00 39,727.00 49,841.00 or say 30,000.00 40,000/- 50,000.00' [ 216 ] ANNEX-59-i Page 1 of Pages 2 PROJECT COST WITH BENEFICIARY DISTRIBUTION (Section 7 .6) TOWN: 1-ADILABAD ACCESS T 0 UTILITIES TOTAL PROGRAMME PHASE I Unit Zero One Two (1984- 1991) (1984- 87) TYPE OF UNIT Cost No. Monthly No. Monthly No. Monthly Number Cost (Rs. '000) Number Cost Instalment Instalment Instalment of Units Loan Grant Total of Units Rs. '000, (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.) I INDIVIDUAL LATRINES 1. c D-1 5 I 744 254 3.30 +---364 Nos.---+ 6.60 618 365 95 460 D-2 5 I 905 63 4.00 +--- 91 Nos.---+ 8.00 154 111 28 139 D-1 10 I 960 367 4.25 +---633 Nos.---+ 8.50 1,000 784 176 960 D-1 15 I 1,429 72 6.30 +---121 Nos.---+ 12.60 193 224 52 276 Sub Total 756 +-·--1,209 Nos,---+ 1,965 1,484 351 1,835 1,965 1,83j 2. cs D-1 5 I 1,274 4 5.50 +---114 Nos.---+ 10.95 118 148 2 150 D-2 5 I 1,435 50 6.35 50 36 36 72 D-1 10 I 1,490 79 6.60 +---140 Nos.---+ 13.15 219 267 59 326 D-1 15 I 2,359 8 10.45 +--- 27 Nos.---+ 20.85 35 73 10 83 Sub Total 141 +---281 Nos.---+ 422 524 107 631 422 631 Total Conversions 897 +--1,490 Nos.---+ 2,387 2,008 458 2,466 2,387 2,466 [ 217 ] ~; ANNEX-59-i Page 2 of Pages 2 PROJECT COST WITH BENEFICIARY DISTRIBUTION (Contd.) A C C E s s T 0 UTILITI E S TOTAL PROGRAMME PHASE I Unit Zero One Two (1984 ~ 1991) (1984- 87) TYPE OF UNIT Cost No. Monthly No. Monthly No. Monthly Number Cost (Rs. '000) Number Cost Instalment Instalment Instalment of Unit Loan Grant Total of Units Rs. '000 (Rs.) (Rs) (Rs) (Rs) 3. N D-1 5 I 1,259 1,720 2.80 338 5.60 70 11.15 2,128 842 1,837 2,679 D-2 5 I 1,420 504 3.15 310 6.30 4 12.55 818 405 757 1,162 D-1 10 I 1,480 980 3.30 404 6.55 67 13.10 1,451 761 1,387 2,148 D-2 10 I 1,710 506 3.80 506 216 649 865 D-1 15 I 2,339 84 5.15 20 10.35 10 20.65 114 96 171 267 D-2 15 I 2,620 20 5.80 4 11.60 3 23.15 27 26 45 71 Sub Total 3,814 1,076 154 5,044 2,346 4,846 7,192 TOTAL 4,711 1,076 (1,490 Nos.) 154 7,431 4,354 5,304 9,658 2,387 2,466 II COMMUNITY LATRINE SEATS a. Conversion of Existing Dry (Bucket) Latrines b. Renovation of Existing Flush Latrines 2 2 2 2 2 c. Construction of New Flush Latrines 70 245 245 TOTAL 72 247 247 2 2 TOTAL FOR TOWN 7,503 4,354 5,551 9,905 2,389 2,468 LEGEND: C ~Conversions with Existing Superstructure CS -Conversions with Superstructure to be Provided N -New Constructions D-1 -Dry Conditions without WPPM D-2 -Dry Conditions with WPPM W-1-Wet Conditions without WPPM W-2 -Wet Conditions with WPPM WPPM-Water Pollution Prevention Measures WL-1 -Waterlogged Conditions in Fine Soils. WL-2-Waterlogged Conditions in Coarse Soils I,F,R,-Location of Pits Inside premises, under Footpath, under Road 5,10,15,-Number of Users Household Pattern of assistance ( ... %loan, rest grant) : Type of Unit Access to utilities Zero One Two C/CS 50% 100% 100% N 25% 50% 100% [ 218 ] ANNEX-59-ii Page 1 of Pages z: PROJECf COST WITH BENEFICIARY DISTRIBUTION (Section 7.6) TOWN : 1-AMALAPURAM ACCESS T 0 UTILITIES TOTAL PROGRAMME PHASE I Unit Zero One Two (1984- 1991) (1984- 87) TYPE OF UNIT Cost No. Monthly No. Monthly No. Monthly Number Cost (Rs. '000) Number Cost Instalment Instalment Instalment of Units Loan Grant Total of Units Rs. '000',,· (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.) I INDIVIDUAL LATRINES 1. c D-1 5 I 744 20 3.30 ---110 Nos.--- 6.60 130 89 7 96 W-1 5 .I 875 2 3.90 - - - 11 Nos.--- 7.75 13 11 - 11 D-1 10 I 960 10 4.25 - - - 72 Nos.--- 8.50 82 74 5 79 WL-1 10 I 2,265 2 10.00 - - - 8 Nos.--- 20.00 10 21 2 23 WL-1 15 I 2,770 - - - 4Nos.--- 24.45 4 11 - 11 Sub Total 34 ---205 Nos.--- 239 206 14 !220 239 220 1' 2. cs D-1 5 I 1,274 70 5.50 ---375 Nos.--- 10.95 445 522 45 567 D-2 5 I 1,435 8 6.35 - - - 42Nos.--- 12.70 50 66 6 72 D-1 10 I 1,490 30 6.60 ---248 Nos.--- ] 3.15 278 392 22 414 W-1 10 I 1,675 4 7.40 - - - 28 Nos.--- 14.80 32 50 4 54 D-1 15 I 2,359 3 10.45 - - - 25 Nos.--- 20.85 28 62 4 66 Sub Total 115 ---718 Nos.--- 833 1,092 81 1,173 833 1,173' Total Conversions 149 ·~--923 Nos.--- 1,072 1,298 95 1,393 1,072 1,393: [ 219 ] 0n r,rl ANNEX-59-ii Page 2 of Pages 2 PROJECT COST WITH BENEFICIARY DISTRIBUTION (Contd.) ACCESS TO UTILITIES TOTAL PROGRAMME PHASS I Unit Zero One Two (1984-1991) (1984-87) TYPE OF UNIT Cost No. Monthly No. Monthly No. Monthly Number Cost (Rs. '000) Number Cost Instalment Instalment Instalment of Units Loan Grant Total of Units Rs. '000 (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.) 3. N D-1 5 I 1,259 2,213 2.80 986 5.60 57 11.15 3,256 1,389 2,710 4,099 750 944 W-1 5 I 1,395 123 3.10 55 6.20 3 12 35 181 85 167 . 252 WL-1 5 I 2,300 123 5.10 54 10.15 3 20.30 180 140 274 414 D-1 10 I 1,480 945 3.30 474 6.55 24 13.10 1,443 736 1,400 2,136 W-1 10 I 1,665 53 3.70 26 7.35 1 14.70 80 45 88 133 WL-1 10 I 2,780 52 6.15 26 12.30 1 24.55 79 75 145 220 D-1 f5 I 2,339 62 5.15 48 10.35 1 20.65 111 95 165 260 W-1 15 I 2,672 3 5.90 3 11.80 1 23.60 7 9 10 19 WL-1 15 I 3,680 3 8.15 2 16.25 5 6 12 18 Sub Total 3,577 1,674 91 5,342 2,580 4,971 7,551 750 944' TOTAL 3,726 1,674 (923 Nos.) 91 6,414 3,878 5,066 8,944 1,822 2,337' II COMMUNITY LATRINE SEATS a. Conversion of Existing Dry (Bucket) Latrines 33 66 66 33 66 b. Renovation of Existing Flush Latrines 44 44 44 44 44 c. Construction of New Latrines 30 105 105 TOTAL 107 215 215 77 110 TOTAL FOR TOWN 6,521 3,878 5,281 9,159 1,899 2,447 LEGEND: C -Conversions with Existing Superstructure CS-Conversions with Superstructure to be Provided N -New Constructions. D-1-Dry Conditions without WPPM D-2-Dry Conditiones with WPPM W-1-Wet Conditions without WPPM W-2-Wet Conditions with WPPM WPPM-Water Pollution Prevention Measures WL-1 -Waterlogged Conditions in Fne Soils. WL-2-Waterlogged Conditions in Coarse Soils l,F,R,- Location of Pits Inside premises, under Footpath, under Road 5,10,15-Number of Users per Household Pattern of assistance ( .•. % loan, rest grant) : Type of Unit Access to utilities Zero One Two C/CS 50% 100% 100% N 25% 50% 100% [ 220 ] ANNEX-59-iii' Page 1 <?f pages 2 PROJECT COST Willi BENEFICIARY DISTRIBUTION (Section 7.6) TOWN: 3-ANAKAPALLE ACCESS TO UTILITIES TOTAL PROGRAMME PH ASS I Unit Zero One Two (1984-1991 (1984-87) TYPE OF UNIT Cost No. Monthly No. Monthly No. Monthly Number Cost (Rs. '000) Number Cost Instalment Instalment Instalment of Units Loan Grant Total of Units Rs. '000;, (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.) I INDIVIDUAL LATRINES 1. c D-1 5 I 744 39 3.30 - - - 64 Nos---- 6.60 103 62 15 77 W-1 5 I 875 3 3.90 - - - 3 Nos.--- 7.75 6 4 1 5 D-1 10 I 968 4 4.25 4 2 2 4 D-1 10 R 2,140 5 9.45 - - - 4 Nos.--- 18.90 9 14 5 19 Sub Total 51 - - - - 71 Nos.--- 122 82 23 105 122 105; cs D--1 5 I 1,274 204 5.50 --1,540 Nos.--- 10.95 1,744 2,092 130 2,222 W-1 5 I 1,405 10 6,20 - - - 81 Nos.--- 12.40 91 121 7 128 D-1 10 I 1,490 5 6.60 ---117 Nos.--- 13.15 122 178 4 182 W-1 15 I 2,692 - - - - - 4 Nos.--- 23.80 4 11 - 11 Sub Total 219 ---1,742 Nos.--- 1,961 2,402 141 2,543 1,961 2,543' Total Conversions 270 ---1,813 Nos.---- 2,083 2,484 164 2,648 2,083 2,648 N D-1 5 I 1,259 7,171 2.80 3,307 5.60 37 11.15 10,515 4,385 8,853 13,238 701 883, W-1 5 I 1,395 377 3.10 174 6.20 52 12.35 603 325 516 841 D-1 10 I 1,480 805 3.30 431 6.55 12 13.10 1,248 635 1,212 1,847 W-1 10 I 1,665 42 3.70 22 7.35 I 14.70 65 37 71 108 D-1 15 I 2,339 2 5.20 5 10.35 -- - 7 7 9 16 D-1 5 F 1,498 52 3.30 28 6.65 - - 80 41 79 120 [ 221 '' ANNEX-59-iii Page 2 of Pages 2 PROJECT COST WITH BENEFICIARY DISTRIBUTION (Contd.) ACCESS TO UTILITIES TOTAL PROGRAMME PH ASS I Unit Zero One Two (1984-1991) (1984-87) TYPE OF UNIT Cost No. Monthly No. Monthly No. Monthly Number Cost (Rs. '000) Number Cost Instalment Instalment Instalment of Units Loan Grant Total of Units Rs. '000 (Rs.) (Rs) (Rs) (Rs) W-1 5 F 1,671 2 3.70 1 7.40 3 2 3 5 D-1 10 F 1,839 13 4.05 7 8.15 20 13 24 37 W-1 10 F 2,102 1 4.65 1 9.30 2 1 3 4 D-1 5 R 1,785 148 3.95 39 7.90 187 101 233 334 W-1 5 R 1,995 8 4.40 2 8.85 10 6 14 20 D-1 10 R 2,130 8 4.70 5 9.40 1 18.80 14 12 18 30 D-1 15 R 3,035 10 6.70 6 13.40 26.80 16 17 32 49 Sub Total 8,639 4,028 103 12,770 5,582 11,067 16,649 701 883 TOTAL 8,909 4,028 (1,813Nos.) 103 14,853 8,066 11,231 19,297 2,784 3,531 II COMMUNITY LATRINE SEATS a. Renovation of Existing Flush Latrines 14 - 14 14 14 14 b. Construction of New Flush Latrines 90 - 315 315 TOTAL 104 - 329 329 14 14 TOTAL FOR TOWN 14,957 8,066 11,560 19,626 2,798 3,545 LEGEND: C -Conversions with Existing Superstructure CS-Conversions with Superstructure to be Provided N -New Constructions D-1-Dry Conditions without WPPM D-2-Dry Conditiones with WPPM W-1-Wet Conditions without WPPM W-2-Wet Conditions with WPPM WPPM-Water Pollution Prevention Measures WL-1 -Waterlogged Conditions in Foe Soils. WL-2-Waterlogged Conditions in Coarse Soils I,F,R,-Location of Pits Inside premises, under Footpath, under Road 5,10,15-Number of Users per Household Pattern of assistance ( ... % loan, rest grant) : Type of Unit Access to utilities Zero One Two C/CS 50% 100% 100% N 25% 50% 100% 222 ] ANNEX-59-iv Page 1 of pages Z PROJECT COST WITH BENEFICIARY DISTRIBUTION (Section 7.6) TOWN: 4-BAPATLA ACCESS TO UTILITIES TOTAL PROGRAMME PHASS I Unit Zero One Two (1984·1991 (1984-87) TYPE OF UNIT Cost No. Monthly No. Monthly No. Monthly Number Cost (Rs. '000) Number Cost Instalment Instalment Instalment of Units Loan Grant Total of Units Rs. '000) (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.) I INDIVIDUAL LATRINES 1. c W-1 5 I 875 55 3.90 ----461 Nos.-- 7.75 516 428 24 452 WL-1 5 I 1,780 18 7.85 ----154 Nos.-- 15.70 172 290 16 306 W-1 10 I 1,145 41 5.05 ----340 Nos.-- 10.10 381 413 23 436 WL-1 10 I 2,265 13 10.00 ----114 Nos.-- 20.00 127 273 15 288 W-1 15 I 1,762 3 7.80 - - - - 52 Nos.-- 15.55 55 94 3 97 WL-1 15 I 2,770 1 12.25 - - - - 18 Nos.-- 24.45 19 51 2 53 Sub Total (Total Conversions) 131 -----1,139 Nos.-- 1,270 1,549 83 1,632 1,270 1,632' N W-1 5 I 1,395 3,037 3.10 529 6.20 17 12.35 3,583 1,452 3,546 4,998 1,790 2,497 WL-1 5 I 2,300 1,012 5.10 176 10.15 6 20.30 1,194 798 1,948 2,746 W-1 10 I 1,665 1,637 3.70 399 7.35 14 14.70 2,050 1,037 2,376 3,413 WL-1 10 I 2,780 546 6.15 125 12.30 4 24.55 676 567 1,312 1,879 W-1 15 I 2,672 253 5.90 62 11.80 2 23.60 317 257 590 847 WL-1 15 I 3,680 83 8.15 21 16.25 1 32.50 105 118 268 386 Sub Total 6,568 1,312 45 7,925 4,229 10,040 14,269 1,790 2,491 TOTAL 6,699 1,312 (1,139 Nos.) 45 - 9,195 5, 778 10,123 15,901 3,060 4,129 [ 223 ] ANNEX-59·iv Page 2 of Pages 2 PROJECT COST WITH BENEFICIARY DISTRIBUTION (Contd.) ACCESS T 0 UTILITIES TOTAL PROGRAMME PHASE I Unit Zero One Two (1984 ~ 1991) (1984 ~ 87) TYPE OF UNIT Cost No. Monthly No. Monthly No. Monthly Number Cost (Rs. '000) Number Cost Instalment Instalment Instalment of Unit Loan Grant Total of Units Rs. '000 (Rs.) (Rs) (Rs) (Rs) II COMMUNITY LATRINE SEATS a. Conversion of Existing Dry (Bucket) Latrines b. Renovation of Existing Flush Latrines 8 8 8 8 8 c. Construction of New Flush latrines 70 245 245 TOTAL 78 253 253 8 8 TOTAL FOR TOWN 9,273 5,778 10,376 16,154 3,068 4,137 LEGEND: C -Conversions with Existing Superstructure CS -Conversions with Superstructure to be Provided N -New Constructions D-1 -Dry Condttions without WPPM D~2 -Dry Conditions with WPPM W-1-Wet Conditions without WPPM W-2 -Wet Conditions with WPPM WPPM-Water Pollution Prevention Measures WL-1 -Waterlogged Conditions in Fine Soils. WL-2--Waterlogged Conditions in Coarse Soils I,F,R,-Location of Pits Inside premises, under Footpath, under Road 5,10,15,-Number of Users per.Household Pattern of assistance ( ... %loan, rest grant): Type of Unit Access to utilities Zero One Two C/CS 50% 100% 100% N 25% 50% 100% [ 224 ] ANNEX-59v Page 1 of Pages 2:. PROJECf COST WITH BENEFICIARY DISTRIBUTION (Section 7.6) TOWN: 5-BHEEMUNIPATNAM ACCESS TO UTILITIES TOTAL PROGRAMME PHASE I Unit Zero One Two (1984- 1991) (1984- 87) TYPE OF UNIT Cost No. Monthly No. Monthly No. Monthly Number Cost (Rs. '000) Number Cost Instalment Instalment Instalment of Units Loan Grant Total of Units Rs. 'OO(h (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.) I INDIVIDUAL LATRINES 1. cs D-1 5 I 1,274 27 5.50 ----386 Nos.-- 10.95 413 509 17 526 D-2 5 I 1,435 2 6.35 - - - - - 29 Nos.-- 12.70 31 43 1 44 W-1 5 I 1,405 1 6.20 - - - - 14 Nos.-- 12.40 15 20 1 21 D-1 10 I 1,490 14 6.60 ----224 Nos.-- 13.15 238 344 11 355 D-2 10 I 1,720 1 7.60 - - - - 15 Nos.-- 15.20 16 27 1 28 w--1 10 I 1,675 - - - - - - 16 Nos.-- 14.80 16 27 - 27 D-1 15 I 2,359 2 10.45 - - - - 25 Nos.-- 20.85 27 61 3 64 D-2 15 I 2,640 - - ---- 2 Nos.-- 23.30 2 5 - 5 w--1 15 I 2,692 - - - - - - 1 Nos.-- 23.80 1 3 - 3 Sub Total (Total Conversions) 47 ----712 Nos.-- 759 1,039 34 1,073 759 1,07J: 2. N D-1 5 I 1,259 2,078 2.80 576 5.60 176 11.15 2,830 1,238 2,325 3,563 1,415 1,782: D-2 5 I 1,420 115 3.15 32 6.30 10 12.55 157 78 145 223 W-1 5 I 1,395 U6 3.10 33 6.20 9 12.35 158 76 144 220 D-1 10 I 1,480 1,167 3.30 373 6.55 167 13.10 1,707 955 1,571 2,526 D-2 10 I 1,710 65 3.80 21 7.55 10 15.10 96 63 101 164 W-1 10 I 1,665 65 3.70 26 7.35 9 14.70 100 64 103 167 D-1 15 I 2,339 56 5.15 24 10.35 34 20.65 114 141 126 267 [ 225 ;:; 0 'J c~; ANNEX-59-v Page 2 of Pages 2 PROJECT COST WITH BENEFICIARY DISTRIBUTION (Contd.) ACCESS T 0 UTILITIES TOTAL PROGRAMME PHASE I Unit Zero One Two (1984- 1991) (1984- 87) TYPE OF UNIT Cost No. Monthly No. Monthly No. Monthly Number Cost (Rs. '000) Number Cost Instalment Instalment Instalment of Unit Loan Grant Total of Units Rs. '000' (Rs.) (Rs) {Rs) (Rs) D-2 15 I 2,620 3 5.80 1 11.60 2 23.15 6 9 7 16 W-1 15 I 2,672 3 5.90 1 11.80 2 23.60 6 9 7 16 Sub Total 3,668 1,087 419 5,174 2,633 4,529 71,62 1,415 1,782 TOTAL 3,715 - 1,087 (712 Nos.) 419 -- 5,933 3,672 4,563 8,23'5 2,174 2,855 II COMMUNITY LATRINE SEATS a. Conversion of Existing Dry (Bucket) Latrines b. Renovation of Existing Flush Latrines 16 - 16 16 16 16 c. Construction of New Latrines 30 - 105 105 TOTAL 46 - 121 121 16 16 TOTAL FOR TOWN 5,979 3,672 4,684 8,356 2,190 2,871 LEGEND: C -Conversions with Existing Superstructure CS -Conversions with Superstructure to be Provided N -New Constructions, D-1 -Dry Condttions without WPPM D-2 -Dry Conditions with WPPM W-1 -Wet Conditions without WPPM W-2 -Wet Conditions with WPPM WPPM-Water Pollution Prevention Measures WL-1 -Waterlogged Conditions in Fine Soils. WL-2-Waterlogged Conditions in Coarse Soils I,F,R,-Location of Pits Inside premises, under Footpath, under Road 5,10,15,-Number of Users per:Household Pattern of assistance ( ... %loan, rest grant) : Type of Unit Access to utilities Zero One Two C/CS 50% 100% 100% N 25% 50% 100% [ 226 1 ANNEX-59-vf Page 1 of Pages 2. PROJECf COST WITH BENEFICIARY DISTRIBUTION (Section 7.6) TOWN : 6-DHARMAVARAM ACCESS T 0 UTILITIES TOTAL PROGRAMME PHASE I Unit Zero One Two (1984- 1991) (1984- 87) TYPE OF UNIT Cost No. Monthly No. Monthly No. Monthly Number Cost (Rs. '000) Number Cost Instalment Instalment Instalment of Units Loan Grant Total of Units Rs. '000:, (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.) I INDIVIDUAL LATRINES 1. c D-1 5 I 744 ---112 Nos.--- 6.60 112 83 83 D-2 5 I 905 - - - 2 8 Nos.--- 8.00 28 25 25 D-1 10 I 960 ---154 Nos.--- 8.50 154 148 148 D-2 10 I 1,190 ---- 36 Nos.--- 10.50 36 43 43 D-1 15 I 1,429 - - - 16 Nos.--- 12.65 16 23 23 D-2 15 I 1,710 - - - 5 Nos.--- 15.10 5 9 9 Sub Total ---351 Nos.--- 351 331 331 2. cs D-1 5 I 1,274 1 5.50 - - - 15 Nos.--- 10.95 16 19 1 20 D-2 5 I 1,435 - - - 5 Nos.--- 12.70 65 93 93 D-1 10 I 1,490 2 6.60 - - - 22 Nos.--- 13.15 24 35 1 36 D-2 10 I 1,720 --- 5 Nos.--- 15.20 5 9 9 D-1 15 I 2,359 --- 6 Nos.--- 20.85 6 14 14 D-2 15 I 2,640 - - - 2 Nos.--- 23.30 2 5 5 Sub Total 3 - - - 55 Nos.--- 58 75 2 177 Total Conversions 3 - - - 406 Nos.--- 409 506 2 508 409 508: [ 227 ] ' ' ""' ANNEX-59-vi Page 2 of Pages 2 PROJECT COST WITH BENEFICIARY DISTRIBUTION (Contd.) ACCESS TO UTILITIES TOTAL PROGRAMME PH ASS I Unit Zero One Two (1984-1991) (1984-87) TYPE OF UNIT Cost No. Monthly No. Monthly No. Monthly Number Cost (Rs. '000) Number Cost Instalment Instalment Instalment of Units Loan Grant Total of Units Rs. '000 (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.) 3. N D-1 5 I 1,259 1,643 2.80 1,355 5.60 83 11.15 3,081 1,475 2,404 3,879 D-2 5 I 1,420 411 3.15 340 5.30 20 12.55 771 416 679 1,095 D-l 10 I 1,480 1,091 3.30 1,210 6.35 88 13.10 2,389 1,429 2,107 3,536 D-2 10 I 1,710 273 3.80 302 7.55 21 15.10 596 411 608 1,019 D-1 15 I 2,339 370 5.15 46 10.35 22 20.65 438 321 703 1,024 D-2 15 I 2,620 93 5.80 12 11.60 5 23.15 110 90 198 288 Sub Total 3,881 3,265 239 7,385 4,142 6,699 10,841 1,541 1,940 TOTAL 3,884 3,265 (406 Nos.) 239 7,794 4,648 6,701 11,349 1,950 2,448 II COMMUNITY LATRINE SEATS a. Conversion of Existing Dry (Bucket) Latrines b. Renovation of Existing Flush Latrines 6 6 6 6 6 c. Construction of New Flush Latrines 70 245 245 TOTAL 76 251 251 6 6 TOTAL FOR TOWN 7,870 4,648 6,952 11,600 1,956 2,454 LEGEND: C -Conversions with Existing Superstructure CS-Conversions with Superstructure to be Provided N -New Constructions D-1--Dry Conditions without WPPM D-2-Dry Conditiones with WPPM W-1-Wet Conditions without WPPM W-2-Wet Conditions with WPPM WPPM-Water Pollution Prevention Measures. WL-1 -Waterlogged Conditions in Fne Soils. WL-2-Waterlogged Conditions in Coarse Soils I,F,R,- Location of Pits Inside premises, under Footpath, under Road 5,10,15-Number of Users per Household Pattern of assistance ( ... % loan, rest grant) : Type of Unit Access to utilities Zero One Two C/CS 50% 100% 100% N 25% 50% 100% [ 228 ] ANNEX-59-vii· Page 1 of pages 2 PROJECT COST WITH BENEFICIARY DISTRIBUTION (Section 7.6) TOWN : 7-GADWAL ACCESS TO UTILITIES TOTAL PROGRAMME PHASS I Unit Zero One Two (1984-1991 (1984-87) TYPE OF UNIT Cost No. Monthly No. Monthly No. Monthly Number Cost (Rs. '000) Number Cost Instalment Instalment Instalment of Units Loan Grant Total of Units Rs. '000' (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.) I INDVIDUAL LATRINES I. cs D-1 5 I 1,274 5 5.50 ----42---- 10.95 47 57 3 60 D-2 5 I 1,435 2 6.35 ----14---- 12.70 26 22 1 23 D-1 10 I 1,490 8 6.60 -----104---- 13.35 l 12 161 6 167 D-2 10 I 1,720 3 7.60 ---- 8---- 15.20 11 16 3 19 W-1 10 I 1,675 1 7.40 ----26---- 14.80 27 44 1 45 D-1 15 I 2,359 3 10.45 ----14---- 20.85 15 37 3 40 D-2 15 I 2,640 - - ---- 3---- 23.30 3 8 - 8 W-1 15 I 2,692 - - ---- 1----· 23.80 1 3 -- 3 Sub Total (Total Conversions) 22 - ----212---- - 234 348 17 365 234 365 2. N D-1 5 I 4,259 1,946 2.80 687 5.60 51 11.15 2~684 1,109 2,270 3,379 1,500 1,888 D-2 5 I 1,420 519 3.15 184 6.30 14 12.55 717 335 683 1,018 W-1 5 I 1,395 129 3.10 45 6.20 2 12.35 176 79 167 246 D-1 10 I 1,480 1,121 3.30 254 6.55 37 13.10 1,412 658 1,432 2,090 D-2 10 I 1,710 299 8.80 68 7.55 10 15.10 377 203 442 645 W-1 10 I 1,665 74 3.70 16 7.35 2 14.70 92 47 106 153 [ 229 (r, L1 :., ANNEX-59-vii Page 2 of Pages 2 PROJECT COST WITH BENEFICIARY DISTRIBUTION (Contd.) ACCESS TO UTILITIES TOTAL PROGRAMME PH ASS I Unit Zero One Two (1984-1991) (1984-87) TYPE OF UNIT Cost No. Monthly No. Monthly No. Monthly Number Cost (Rs. '000) Number Cost Instalment Instalment Instalment of Units Loan Grant Total of Units Rs. '000 (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.) D-1 5 F 1,498 4 3.35 9 6.65 13 8 11 19 D-1 10 F 1,839 3 4.10 3 3 3 6 D-I 15 I 2,339 14 5.20 4 10.35 4 20.65 22 22 29 51 Sub Total 4,109 1,267 120 5,496 2,464 5,143 7,607 TOTAL 4,131 1,267 (212 Nos.) 120 5,730 2,812 5,160 7,972 1,734 2,253 II CONMUNITY LATRINE SEATS a. Conversion of Existing (Bucket) Latrines 16 - 32 32 16 32 b. Renovation of Existing Flush Latrines 6 - 6 .6 6 6 c. Construction of New Flush Latrines 30 - 105 105 TOTAL 52 - 143 143 22 38 TOTAL FOR TOWN 5,782 2,812 5,303 8,115 1,756 2,291 LEGEND: C -Conversions with Existing Superstructure CS-Conversions with Superstructure to be Provided N -New Constructions D-1-Dry Conditions without WPPM D-2-Dry Conditiones with WPPM W-1-Wet Conditions without WPPM W-2-Wet Conditions with WPPM WPPM-Water Pollution Prevention Measures. WL.-1 -Waterlogged Conditions in Fne Soils. WL-2-Waterlogged Conditions in Coarse Soils I,F,R,-Location of Pits Inside premises, under Footpath, under Road 5,10,15-Number of Users per Household Pattern of assistance ( ... % loan, rest grant): Type of Unit Access to utilities Zero One Two C/CS 50% 100% 100% N 25% 50% 100% 230 ] ANNEX-59-viii Page 1 of 3 pages PROJECT COST WITH BENEFICIARY DISTRIBUTION (Sectioll 7;6) TOWN : 8.-GUDIVADA ACCESS TO UTILITIES TOTAL PROGRAMME PH ASS I Unit Zero One Two (1984-1991 (1984-87) TYPE OF UNIT Cost No. Monthly No. Monthly No. Monthly Number Cost (Rs. '000) Number Cost Instalment Instalment Instalment of Units Loan Grant Total of Units Rs. '000;' (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.) I INDIVIDUAL LATRINES 1. c D-1 5 I 744 4 3.30 - - - 16 Nos.--- 6.60 20 13 2 15 D-2 5 I 205 4 4.00 - - - 16 Nos.--- 8.00 20 16 2 18 W-1 5 I 875 10 3.90 - - - 40 Nos.--- 7.75 50 39 5 44 W-2 5 I 1,075 2 4.15 - - - 8 Nos.--- 9.50 10 10 I 11 WL-1 5 I 1,780 21 7.90 - - - 76 Nos.---- 15.75 97 154 19 173 D-1 10 I 960 2 4.25 - - - 12 Nos.--- 8.50 14 12 1 13 D-2 10 I 1,190 2 5.25 - - - 13 Nos.--- 10.50 15 17 1 18 W-1 10 I 1,145 5 5.05 - - - 31 Nos.--- 10.10 36 38 3 41 W-2 10 I 1,450 1 6.40 ---- 8 Nos.--- 12.80 9 12 1 13 WL-1 10 I 2,265 10 10.00 - - - 60 Nos.--- 20.00 70 147 12 1S9 D--1 15 I 1,429 5 6.35 - - - 39 Nos.--- 12.65 44 59 4 63 Sub Total 66 ---319 Nos.--·- 385 517 51 568 385 568:' 2. cs D-1 5 I 1,274 19 5.50 - - - 73 Nos.--- 10.99 92 105 12 117 D-2 5 I 1,435 174 6.35 - - - 80 Nos.--- 12.70 254 239 125 364 W-1 5 I 1,405 - - ---220 Nos.--- 12.40 220 309 - 309 W-2 5 I 1,605 - - ---55 Nos.--- 14.20 55 88 - 88 WL-1 5 I 2,310 - - ---303 Nos.--- 20.40 303 700 - 700 D-1 10 I 1,490 9 6.60 ---58 Nos.--- 13.15 61 93 7 100 D-2 10 I 1~720 9 7.60 ---59 Nos.--- 15.20 68 109 8 117 W-1 10 I 1,675 23 7.40 ---145 Nos.---- 14.80 168 262 19 281 W-2 10 I 1,980 5 8.75 - - - 30 Nos.--- 17.50 35 64 5 69 WL-1 10 I 2,795 47 12.35 ---289 Nos.--- 24.70 336 873 66 939 [ 231 ] _\ [', ANNEX-59-viii Page 2 of Pages 3 PROJECT COST WITH BENEFICIARY DISTRIBUTION (Contd.) ACCESS T 0 UTILITIES TOTAL PROGRAMME PHASE I Unit Zero One Two (1984 - 1991) (1984- 87) TYPE OF UNIT Cost No. Monthly No. Monthly No. Monthly Number Cost (Rs. '000) Number Cost Instalment Instalment Instalment of Unit Loan Grant Total of Units Rs. '000 (Rs.} (Rs) (Rs) (Rs) D-1 15 I 2,359 4 10.45 - - - 4 Nos.--- 20.85 8 14 5 19 D-2 15 I 2,640 - - - 4 Nos.--- 23.30 4 11 11 W-1 15 I 2,692 - - - 11 Nos.--- 23.80 11 30 30 W-2 15 I 3,095 --- 2 Nos.--- 27.35 2 6 6 WL-1 15 I 3,700 - - - - 23 Nos.--- 32.70 23 85 85 Sub Total 290 --1,356 Nos.--- 1,646 2,988 247 3,235 1,646 3,235 Total Conversions 356 --1,675 Nos.--- 2,031 3,505 298 3,803 2,031 3,803 3 N D-1 5 I 1,259 532 2.80 229 5.60 44 11.15 805 367 646 1,013 D-2 5 I 1,420 532 3.15 229 6.30 44 12.55 805 414 729 1,143 W-1 5 I 1,395 1,330 3.10 570 6.20 110 12.35 2,010 1,015 1,789 2,804 W-2 5 I 1,595 266 3.55 115 7.05 22 14.10 403 233 410 643 WL-1 5 I 2,300 2,128 5.10 916 10.15 176 20.30 3,220 2,682 4,724 7,406 WL-2 5 I 2,700 532 6.00 222 11.95 40 23.85 794 767 1,377 2,144 D-1 10 I 1,480 217 3.30 107 6.55 20 13.10 344 189 320 509 D-2 10 I 1,710 217 3.80 107 7.55 20 15.10 344 218 370 588 W-1 10 I 1,665 543 3.70 266 7.35 49 14.70 858 529 900 1,429 W-2 10 I 1,970 109 4.35 54 8.70 10 17.40 173 127 214 341 WL-1 10 I 2,780 872 6.15 438 12.30 80 24.55 1,390 1,437 2,427 3,864 WL-2 10 I 3,120 212 6.90 89 13.80 17 27.55 318 357 635 992 D-1 15 I 2,339 10 5.20 8 10.35 2 20.65 20 20 27 47 D-2 15 I 2,620 10 5.80 8 11.60 2 23.15 20 22 30 52 W~l 15 I 2,672 26 5.90 19 11.80 4 23.60 49 53 78 131 [ 232 ANNEX-59-viiii Page 3 of Pages 3 PROJECT COST WITH BENEFICIARY DISTRIBUTION (Contd.) ACCESS T 0 UTILITIES TOTAL PROGRAMME PHASE r Unit Zero One Two (1984 - 1991) (1984- 87) TYPE OF UNIT Cost No. Monthly No. Monthly No. Monthly Number Cost (Rs. '000) Number Cost Instalment Instalment Instalment of Unit Loan Grant Total of Units Rs. '0001' (Rs.) (Rs) (Rs) (Rs) W-2 15 I 3,075 5 6.80 4 13.60 1 27.15 10 13 18 31 WL-1 15 I 3,680 41 8.15 30 16.25 5 32.50 76 Ill 169 280 WL 2 15 I 4,110 11 9.10 8 18.15 - - 19 28 50 78 D-1 5 F 1,498 16 3.35 37 6.62 36 13.25 89 87 46 133 D-1 10 F 1,839 1 8.15 1 2 - 2 Sub Total 7,609 3,457 682 11,748 8,67[ 14,959 23,630 2,000 3,788 TOTAL 7,965 3,457 (1,675 Nos.) 682 13,779 12,176 15,257 27,433 4,031 7,591 II COMUNITY LATRINE SEATS a. Conversion of Existing Dry (Bucket) Latrines b. Renovation of Existing Flush Latrines 87 87 87 87 8T c. Construction of New Flush Latrines 30 105 105 TOTAL 117 192 192 87 78 TOTAL FOR TOWN 13,896 12,176 15,449 27,625 4,118 7,678 LEGEND: C -Conversions with Existing Superstructure CS -Conversions with Superstructure to be Provided N -New Constructions D-1 -Dry Conditions without WPPM D-2 -Dry Conditions with WPPM W-1 -Wet Conditions without WPPM W-2 -Wet Conditions with WPPM WPPM-Water Pollution Prevention Measures,, WL-1 -Waterlogged Conditions in Fine Soils. WL-2-Waterlogged Conditions in Coarse Soils I,F,R,-Location of Pits Inside premises, under Footpath, under Road 5,10,15,-Number of Users per4Household Pattern of assistance ( ••• %loan, rest grant): Type of Unit Access to utilities Zero One Two C/CS 50% 100% 100% N 25% 50% 100% [ 233 ~ Zl c c ANNEX-59-ix Page 1 of Pages 3 PROJECT COST WITH BENEFICIARY DISTRIBUTION (Sections 7.6) TOWN: 9-GUNTAKAL ACCESS TO UTILITIES TOTAL PROGRAMME PHASE I Unit Zero One Two ( 1984-1991) (1984·87) TYPE OF UNIT Cost No. Monthly No. Monthly No. Monthly Number Cost (Rs. '000) Number Cost Instalment Instalment Instalment of Units Loan Grant Total of Units Rs'OOO (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.) I. INDIVIDUAL LATRINES 1. c D-1 5 I 744 3 3.30 - - - - 72 Nos.-- 6.60 75 55 1 56 D-2 5 I 905 8 4.00 ----216 Nos.-- 8.00 224 199 4 203 D-1 10 I 960 ----175 Nos.-- 8.50 175 168 - 168 D-2 10 I 1,190 ----525 Nos.·-- 10.50 525 625 - 625 D-1 15 I 1,429 ---- 3 Nos.-- 12.65 3 4 - 4 D-2 15 I lj710 ---- 9 Nos.-- 15.10 9 15 - 15 D-1 5 F 983 ---- 6 Nos.-- 8.70 6 6 - 6 D-1 10 F 1,324 ---- 5 Nos.-- 11.70 5 7 - 7 D-1 15 F 1,905 ---- 3 Nos.-- 16.85 3 6 - 6 D-1 5 R 1,270 ---- 3 Nos.-- 11.20 3 4 - 4 D-1 10 R 1,610 - - - - 4 Nos.-- 14.25 4 6 - 6 D-1 15 R 2,125 ---- 5 Nos.-- 18.75 5 11 - 11 SnbTotaD 11 ---- 1,026 Nos.-- 1,037 1,106 5 1,111 1,037 1,111 [ 234 ] ANNEX-59- br Page 2 of Pages 3 PROJECT COST WITH BENEFICIARY DISTRIBUTION (Contd.) ACCESS T 0 UTILITIES TOTAL PROGRAMME PHASE I Unit Zero One Two (1984- 1991) (1984- 87) TYPE OF UNIT Cost No. Monthly No. Monthly No. Monthly Number Cost (Rs. '000) Number Cost Instalment Instalment Instalment of Units Loan Grant Total of Units Rs. ·ooo-j (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.) 2. cs D-1 5 I 1,274 48 5.50 ----132 Nos.-- 10.95 180 199 30 229 D-2 5 I 1,435 142 6.35 ----394 Nos.-- 12.70 536 667 102 769 D-1 10 I 1,490 44 6.60 ----20 Nos.-- 13.15 64 t62 33 95 D-2 10 I 1,720 92 7.60 - - - - 58 Nos.-- 15.20 150 179 79 258 D-1 15 I 2,359 3 10.45 - - - - 20 Nos.-- 20.85 23 51 3 54 D-2 15 I 2,640 - - - - 62 Nos.-- 23.30 62 164 - 164 Sub Total 329 ----686 Nos.-- 1,015 1,372 247 1,569 1,015 1,569 Total Conversions 340 ---1,712 Nos.-- 2,052 2,428 252 2,680 2,052 2,6801 3. N D-1 5 I 1,259 1,344 2.80 576 5.60 110 11.15 2,030 924 1,622 2,556 2,030 2,556 D-2 5 I 1,420 4,031 3.15 1,128 6.30 330 12.55 6,089 3,126 5,520 8,646 D-1 10 I 1,480 548 3.30 268 6.60 50 13.10 866 475 807 1,282 D-2 10 I 1,710 1,644 3.80 804 7.55 148 15.10 2,596 1,643 2,796 4,439 D-1 15 I 2,339 26 5.20 20 10.35 4 20.65 50 48 69 117 D-2 15 I 2,620 78 5.80 58 11.60 10 23.15 146 154 229 383 D-1 5 F 1,498 2 3.35 3 6.65 1 13.25 6 4 5 9 D-2 5 F 1,685 4 3.75 7 7.45 3 14.90 14 13 11 24 D-1 10 F 1,839 3 4.10 3 8.15 1 16.25 7 6 7 13 D-2 10 F 2,100 7 4.65 9 9.30 3 18.55 19 19 21 40 D-1 15 F 2,815 1 6.25 - - - - 1 1 2 3 D-2 15 F 3,095 1 6.85 I 13.70 1 27.35 3 5 4 9 D-1 5 R 1,785 3 3.95 1 7.90 1 15.75 5 4 5 9 D-2 5 R 1,985 7 4.40 3 8.80 1 17.55 11 9 13 22 [ 235 ] " ' ·~ .. ANNEX-59-ix Page 3 of Pages 3 PROJECf COST WITH BENEFICIARY DISTRIBUTION (Contd.) ACCESS TO UTILITIES TOTAL PROGRAMME PH ASS I Unit Zero One Two (1984-1991) (1984-87) TYPE OF UNIT Cost No. Monthly No. Monthly No. Monthly Number Cost (Rs. '000) Number Cost Instalment Instalment Instalment of Units Loan Grant Total of Units Rs. '000 (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.) D-1 10 R 2,130 2 4.70 2 9.40 2 18.80 6 8 5 13 D-2 10 R 2,350 6 5.20 4 10.40 3 20.75 13 16 15 31 D-1 15 R 3,035 1 6.10 1 13.40 1 26 80 3 5 4 9 D-2 15 R 3,320 2 14.70 1 29.35 3 1 3 10 Sub Total 7,708 3,490 670 11,868 6,467 11,148 17,515 3,030 2,556 TOTAL 8,048 3,490 (1,712 Nos.) 670 13,920 8,895 11,400 20,295 4,082 5,236 II. COMMUNITY LATRINE SEATS a. Conversion of Existing Dry (Bucket) Latrines b. Renovation of Existing Flush Latrines 12 12 12 12 12 c. Construction of New Flush Latrines 110 385 385 TOTAL 122 397 397 TOTAL FOR TOWN 14,042 8,895 11,797 20,692 4,094 5,248' LEGEND: C -Conversions with Existing Superstructure CS-Conversions with Superstructure to be Provided N -New Constructions D-1-Dry Conditions without WPPM D-2-Dry Conditiones with WPPM W-1-Wet Conditions without WPPM W-2-Wet Conditions with WPPM WPPM-Water Pollution Prevention Measures. WL-1-Waterlogged Conditions in Fine Soils. WL-2-Waterlogged Conditions in Coarse Soils I,F,R,-Location of Pits Inside premises, under Footpath, under Road 5,10,15-Number of Users per Household Pattern of assistance ( ••. % loan, rest grant) : Type of Unit Access to utilities Zero One Two C/CS 50% 100% 100% N . 25% 50% 100% 236 1 ANNEX-59-x Page 1 of pages :> PROJECT COST WITH BENEFICIARY DISTRIBUTION (Section 7.6) TOWN : 10-KARIMNAGAR ACCESS TO UTILITIES TOTAL PROGRAMME PHASS I Unit Zero One Two (1984-1991 (1984-87) TYPE OF UNIT Cost No. Monthly No. Monthly No. Monthly Number Cost (Rs. '000) Number Cost Instalment Instalment Instalment of Units Loan Grant Total of Units Rs. ·ooa~ (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.) I INDIVIDUAL LATRINES 1. c D-1 5 I 744 188 3.30 ----1,758 Nos.-- 6.60 1,946 1,378 70 1,448 D-2 5 I 905 150 4.00 ---·1,407 Nos.--- 8.00 1,557 1,341 68 1-409 W-1 5 I 875 19 3.90 ----150 Nos.-- 7.75 169 140 8 148 W-2 5 I 1,075 19 4.75 -----201 Nos.-- 9.50 220 227 10 237 D-1 10 I 960 181 4.25 ----1,875 Nos.-- 8.50 2,056 1,887 87 1.974 D-2 10 I 1,190 182 5.25 ----1,874 Nos.-- 10.50 2,056 2,338 109 2,447 D-1 15 I 1,429 8 6.35 ----151 Nos.-- 12.65 159 221 6 227 D-2 15 I 1,710 6 7 55 ----120 Nos.-- 15.10 126 210 5 215 W-1 15 I 1,762 2 7.80 - - - - 16 Nos.-- 15.55 18 30 2 32 W-2 15 I 2,165 - - - - - - 16 Nos.-- 19.15 16 35 - 35 D-1 lO F 1,324 I 5.85 - - - - 14 Nos.-- 11.70 15 19 1 20 Sub Total 156 ----7,582 Nos.-- 8,338 7,826 366 9,192 4,000 4,160'' 2. cs D-1 5 I 1,274 10 5.50 - - - - 10 Nos.-- 10.95 20 19 6 25 D-2 5 I 1,435 8 6.35 ----- 8 Nos.-- 12.70 16 17 6 23 W-1 5 I 1,405 2 6.20 - - - - 2 Nos.-- 12.40 4 3 3 6 W-2 5 I 1.605 1 7.10 1 1 1 2 D-1 10 I 1,490 11 6.60 - - - - 10 Nos.-- 13.15 21 23 8 31 [ 237 ] c D Cl '~ ANNEX-59-x Page 2 of Pages 3 PROJECT COST WITH BENEFICIARY DISTRIBUTION (Contd.) ACCESS TO UTILITIES TOTAL PROGRAMME PHASS I Unit Zero One Two ( 1984-1991) (1984~87) TYPE OF UNIT Cost No. Monthly No. Monthly No. Monthly Number Cost (Rs. '000) Number Cost Instalment Instalment Instalment of Units Loan Grant Total of Units Rs. '000 (Rs.) (Rs.) · (Rs.) (Rs.) D-2 10 I 1,720 8 7.60 ---- 8 Nos.-- 15.20 16 21 7 28 W-1 10 I 1,675 2 7.40 - - - - 2 Nos.-- 14.80 4 5 2 7 W-2 10 I 1,980 1 8.75 - - - - 1 Nos.-- 17.50 2 3 1 4 D-1 15 I 2,359 - - - - 1 Nos.-- 20.85 1 2 - 2 Sub Total 43 - - - - 2 Nos.-- 85 94 34 128 (Total Conversio11s) 799 -·---7,624 Nos.-- 8,423 7,920 400 8,320 4,000 4,160' 3. N D-1 5 I 1,259 1,429 2.80 307 5.60 42 11.15 1,778 696 1,543 2,239 D-2 5 I 1,420 1,144 3.15 246 6.30 34 12.55 1,424 629 1,393 2,022 W-1 5 I 1,395 143 3.10 31 6.20 4 178 77 171 248 W-2 5 I 1,595 142 3.50 29 7.05 3 174 84 193 277 D-1 10 I 1,480 658 3.30 166 6.55 41 865 426 854 1,280 D-2 10 I 1,710 525 3.80 133 7.55 33 15.10 691 396 786 1,182 W-1 10 I 1,665 66 3.70 17 7.35 5 14.70 88 50 97 147 W-2 10 I 1,970 66 4.35 16 8.70 2 17.40 84 52 113 165 D-1 15 I 2,339 52 5.20 16 10.35 9 20.65 77 70 110 180 D-2 15 I 2,620 41 5.80 13 11.60 7 23.15 61 62 98 160 W-1 15 I 2,672 5 5.90 2 11.80 1 23.60 8 9 12 21 W-2 15 I 3.075 5 6.80 1 13.60 - 6 5 13 18 Sub Total 4,276 977 181 5,434 2,556 5,383 7,939 TOTAL 5,075 977 (7,624 Nos.) 181 13,857 10,476 5,783 16,259 4,000 4,160 [ 238 ] ANNEX-59-x Page 3 of Pages 3 PROJECT COST WITH BENEFICIARY DISTRIBUTION (Contd.) ACCESS TO UTILITIES TOTAL PROGRAMME PHASE I Unit Zero One Two ( 1984-1991) (1984-87) TYPE OF UNIT Cost No. Monthly No. Monthly No. Monthly Nt,mber Cost (Rs. '000) Number Cost Instalment Instalment Instalment of Units Loan Grant Total of Units Rs'OOQ, (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.) II COMMUNITY LATRINE SEATS a. Conversion of Existing Dry (Bucket) Latrines b. Renovation of Existing Flush Latrines c. Construction of New Flush Latrines 120 420 420 TOTAL 120 420 420 TOTAL FOR TOWN 13,977 10,476 6,203 16,679 4,000 4,160> LEGEND: C -Conversions with Existing Superstructure CS -Conversions with Superstructure to be Provided N -New Constructions- D-1 -Dry Condttions without WPPM D-2 -Dry Conditions with WPPM W-1 -Wet Conditions without WPPM W·2 -Wet Conditions with WPPM WPPM-Water Pollution Prevention Measures- WL-1 -Waterlogged Conditions in Fine Soils. WL-2-Waterlogged Conditions in Coarse Soils I,F,R,-Location of Pits Inside premises, under Footpath, under Road 5,10,15,-Number of Users per Household Pattern of assistance( ••. %loan, rest grant): Type of Unit Access to utilities Zero One Two C/CS 50% 100% 100% N 25% 50% 100% [ 239 ] ,' ANNEX-59-xi Page 1 of Pages 2 PROJ;ECf COST WITH BENEFICIARY DISTRIBUTION (Section 7 .6) TOWN : 11-KAVALI ACCESS T 0 UTILITIES TOTAL PROGRAMME PHASE I Unit Zero One Two (1984- 1991) (1984- 87) TYPE OF UNIT Cost No. Monthly No. Monthly No. Monthly Number Cost (Rs. '000) Number Cost Instalment Instalment Instalment of Units Loan Grant Total of Units Rs. '000' (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.) 1 INDIVIDUAL LATRINES 1. c W-1 5 I ~75 4 3.90 - - - - 52 Nos.-- 7.75 56 47 2 49 W-2 5 I 1,075 20 4.75 ----260 Nos.-- 9.50 280 290 11 301 WL-1 5 I 1,780 20 7.90 ----260 Nos.-- 15.75 280 481 17 498 WL-2 5 I 2,200 30 9.75 ----465 Nos.-- 19.45 495 1,056 33 1,089 W-1 10 I 1,145 2 5.05 - - - - 5 5 Nos.-- 10.10 35 39 1 40 W-2 10 I 1,450 10 6.40 ----165 Nos.-- 12.80 175 247 7 254 WL-1 10 I 2,265 10 10.00 ----165 Nos.-- 20.00 175 385 11 396 WL-2 10 I 2,450 20 10.85 ----287 Nos.-- 21.65 307 728 24 752 W-2 15 I 2,165 1 9.60 - - - - 7 Nos.-- 19.15 8 16 1 17 WL-1 15 I 2,770 1 12.25 - - - - 7 Nos.-- 24.45 8 21 1 22 WL-2 15 I 2,985 2 13.20 - - - - · 23 Nos.-- 26.35 25 72 3 75 WL-I 5 R 1,475 ---- 1 Nos.-- 13.05 1 1 - 1 Sub Total (Total Conversions) 120 ----1.725 Nos.-- 1,845 3,383 111 3,494 1,845 3,494 2. N W-1 5 I 1,395 171 3.10 78 6.20 2 12.35 251 117 233 350 W-2 5 I 1,595 856 3.55 389 7.05 9 14.10 1,254 582 1,167 1,749 WL-1 5 I 2,300 856 5.10 389 10.15 9 20.30 1,254 960 1,924 2,884 WL-2 5 I 2,700 1,538 5.95 701 11.95 17 23.85 2,256 2,030 4,061 6,091 W-1 10 I 1,665 52 3.70 33 7.35 2 14.70 87 52 97 149 240 ] ANNEX-59- xi Page 2 of Pages 2 PROJECT COST WITH BENEFICIARY DISTRIBUTION (Contd.) ACCESS T 0 UTILITIES TOTAL PROGRAMME PHASE l Unit Zero One Two (1984 - 1991) (1984-87) TYPE OF UNIT Cost No. Monthly No. Monthly No. Monthly Number Cost (Rs. '000) Number Cost Instalment Instalment Instalment of Units Loan Grant Total of Units Rs. '00(}1 (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.) W-2 10 I 1,970 258 4.35 164 8.70 7 17.40 429 302 543 845 WL-1 10 I 2,780 258 6.15 164 12.30 7 24.55 429 427 766 1,193 WL-2 10 I 3,120 464 6.90 293 13.80 10 27.55 767 850 1,543 2,393 W-1 15 I 2,672 3 5.90 2 11.80 - 5 5 8 13 W-2 15 I 3,075 12 6.80 6 13.60 1 27.15 19 22 36 58 WL-1 15 I 3,680 12 8.15 6 16.25 1 32.50 19 26 44 70 WL-2 15 I 4,110 18 9.10 11 18.15 3 36.30 32 53 79 132 Sub Total 4,498 2,236 68 6,802 5,426 10,501 15,927 700 1,639" TOTAL 4,618 2,236 (1,725 Nos.) 68 8,647 8,809 10,612 18,421 2,545 5,133· II COMMUNITY LATRINE SEATS a. Conversion of Existing Dry (Bucket) Latrines b. Renovation of Existing Flush Latrines 30 - 30 30 30 30> c. Construction of New Flush Latrines 40 - 140 140 TOTAL 70 - 170 170 30 30' TOTAL FOR TOWN 8,717 8,809 10,782 19,591 2,575 5,163· LEGEND: C -Conversions with Existing Superstructure CS -Conversions with Superstructure to be Provided N -New Constructions• D-1 -Dry Conditions without WPP...M D-2-Dry Conditions with WPPM W-1 -Wet Conditions without WPPM W-2-Wet Conditions with WPPM WPPM- Water Pollution Prevention Measure& WL-1 -Waterlogged Conditions in Fine Soils. WL-2-Waterlogged Conditions in Coarse Soils I,F,R, -LocatiOn of Pits Inside premises, under Footpath, under Road 5,10,15,-Number of Users per Household Pattern of assistance ( ••• loan, rest grant): Type of Unit Access to utilities Zero One Two C/CS 50% 100% 100% N 25% 50% 100% [ 241 ] ,, ANNEX-59-xii Page 1 of Pages 2 PROJECT COST WITH BENEFICIARY DISTRIBUTION (Section 7 .6) TOWN : 12-KHAMMAM ACCESS T 0 UTILITIES TOTAL PROGRAMME PHASE I Unit Zero One Two (1984- 1991) (1984 .. 87) TYPE OF UNIT Cost No. Monthly No. Monthly No. Monthly Number Cost (Rs. '000) Number Cost Instalment Instalment Instalment of Units Loan Grant Total of Units Rs. '000· (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.) I INDIVIDUAL LATRINES 1. c D-1 5 I 744 9 3.30 ----46 Nos.-- 6.60 55 38 3 41 W-1 5 I 175 8 3.90 - - - - 37 Nos.-- 7.75 45 36 3 39 WL-1 5 I 1,780 2 7.90 ---- 2 Nos.-- 15.75 11 18 2 20 D-1 10 I 960 15 4.25 - - - - 38 Nos.-- 8.50 53 44 7 51 W-1 10 I 4,145 12 5.05 - - - - 30 Nos-- 10.10 42 41 7 48 WL-1 10 I 2,265 2 10.00 ---- 7 Nos-- 20.00 9 18 2 20 D-1 15 I 1,429 - ---- 5 Nos.-- 12.65 5 7 - 7 W-1 15 I 1,762 - - ---- 4 Nos.-- 15.55 4 7 - 7 WL--1 15 I 2,770 - - ---- 1 Nos.-- 24.45 1 3 - 3 Sub Total 48 ----172 Nos.-- 225 212 24 236 225 2J6 2 cs D-1 5 I 1,274 169 5.50 ----806 Nos.-- 10.95 975 1,134 108 1,242 W-1 5 I 1,405 135 6.20 ----644 Nos.-- 12.40 779 1,000 95 1,095 WL-1 5 I 2,310 34 10.20 ----162 Nos.-- 20.40 196 414 39 453 D-1 10 I 1,490 260 6.60 ----661 Nos.-- 13.15 921 1,179 194 1,373 W-1 10 I 1,673 208 7.40 ----528 Nos.-- 14.80 736 1,059 174 1,233 WL-1 10 I 2,795 51 12.35 -----133 Nos.-- 24.70 1,854 443 71 514 D-1 15 I 2,359 27 10.45 - - - - 87 Nos.-- 20.85 114 237 32 269 W-1 15 I 2,692 21 11.90 - - - - 69 Nos.-- 23.80 90 214 28 242 LW-1 15 I 3,700 5 16.35 - - - - 17 Nos.-- 32.70 22 72 9 81 Sub Total 910 ......:.--,...- 3,107 Nos.-- 4,017 5,752 750 6,502 4,017 6,502 Total Conversions 958 ----3,279 Nos.--- 4,242 5,964 774 6,738 4,242 6,738 [ 242 ] ANNEX-59- xiii Page 2 of Pages 2: PROJECT COST WITH BENEFICIARY DISTRIBUTION (Contd.) ACCESS T 0 UTILITIES TOTAL PROGRAMME PHASE I Unit Zero One Two (1984 - 199 I) (1984- 87) TYPE OF UNIT Cost No. Monthly No. Monthly No. Monthly Number Cost (Rs. '000) Number Cost Instalment Instalment Instalment of Units Loan Grant Total of Units Rs. '000'1 (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.) 2. N D-1 5 I 1,259 2,319 2.80 519 5.60 234 11.55 3.072 1,351 2,517 3,868 W-1 5 I 1,395 1,~55 3.10 415 6.20 187 12.35 2,457 1,197 2,231 3,428 WL-1 5 I 2,300 454 5.10 104 10.15 47 20.30 605 489 903 1,392 D-1 10 I 1,480 1,465 3.30 359 6.55 176 13.10 2,000 1,068 1,892 2,960 W-1 10 I 1,665 1,173 3.70 287 7.35 141 14.70 1,601 962 1.704 2.666 WL-1 10 I 2,780 292 6.15 71 12.30 34 24.55 379 396 708 1,104 D-1 15 I 2,339 69 5.20 25 10.35 11 20.65 105 95 151 246 W-l 15 I 2,622 55 5.90 20 I 1.80 9 23.60 84 88 137 225 WL-1 15 I 3,680 14 8.15 5 16.25 2 32.50 21 29 48 77 Sub Total 7,696 1,805 841 10,342 5,675 10,291 15,966 TOTAL 8,654 1,805 (3,279Nos.) 841 14,.584 11,639 11,065 22,704 4,242 6,738; II COMMUNITY LATRINE SEATS a. Conversion of Existing Dry (Bucket) Latrines b. Renovation of Existing Flush Latrines 16 - 16 16 c. Construction of New Flush Latrines 150 - 525 525 TOTAL 166 - 541 541 TOTAL FOR TOWN 14,750 11,639 11,606 23,245 4,242 6,738; LEGEND: C -Conversions with Existing Superstructure CS -Conversions with Superstructure to be Provided N -New Constructions D-1 -Dry Conditions without WPPM D-2-Dry Conditions with WPPM W-1 -Wet Conditions without WPPM W-2-Wet Conditions with WPPM WPPM- Water Pollution Prevention Measures. WL-1 -Waterlogged Conditions in Fine Soils. WL-2-Waterlogged Conditions in Coarse Soils I,F,R, -Locatton of Pits Inside premises, under Footpath, under Road 5,10,15,-Number of Users per Household . Pattern of assistance ( ••. loan, rest grant): Type of Unit Access to utilities Zero One Two C/CS 50% 100% 100% N 25% 50% 100% [ 243 ] v [l ANNEX-59·xiii Page 1 of pages 2: PROJECT COST Wlffi BENEFICIARY DISTRIBUTION (Section 7.6) TOWN: 13-MAHABUBNAGAR ACCESS TO UTILITIES TOTAL PROGRAMME PHASS I Unit Zero One Two (1984·1991 (1984·87) TYPE OF UNIT Cost No. Monthly No. Monthly No. Monthly Number Cost (Rs. '000) Number Cost Instalment Instalment Instalment of Units Loan Grant Total of Units Rs. '000 (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.) I INDIVIDUAL LATRINES 1. c D-1 5 I 744 150 3.30 ---640 Nos.--- 6.60 790 532 56 588 W-1 5 I 875 37 3.90 ---160 Nos.--- 7.75 197 156 16 172 D-1 10 I 960 123 4.25 ---945 Nos.--- 8.50 1,068 966 59 1,025 W-1 10 I 1,145 31 4.05 ---300 Nos.--- 10.10 131 361 18 379 D-1 15 I 1,429 16 6.35 ---197 Nos.--- 12.65 195 267 12 279 W-1 15 I 1,762 5 7.80 ---45 Nos.--- 15.55 50 84 4 88 D-1 10 R 1,610 --- 1 No.--- 14.25 1 2 2 Sub Total 362 - - 2,270 Nos.--- 2,632 2,368 165 2,533 2,632 2,533 2 cs D-1 5 I 1,274 2 5.50 --- 10 Nos.--- 10.95 12 14 1 15 D-1 10 I 1,490 4 6.60 --- 13 Nos.--- 13.15 17 22 3 25 D-1 15 I 2,359 - - --- 3 Nos.--- 20.85 3 7 - 7 Sub Total 6 --- 26 Nos.--- 32 43 4 47 Total Conversions 368 ---2,296 No.--- 2,664 2,4ll 169 2,580 2,664 2,580'' .3. N D-1 5 I 1,259 1,199 2.80 533 5.60 57 11.15 1,789 785 1,467 2,252 W-1 5 I 1,395 299 3.10 133 6.20 14 12.35 446 217 405 622 D--1 10 I 4,480 913 3.30 602 6.55 65 13.10 1,580 2,662 4,416 7,078 W-1 10 I 1.665 227 3.70 151 7.35 16 14.70 394 247 409 656 D-1 15 I 2,339 64 5.20 78 10.35 6 20.65 148 143 203 346 W-1 15 I 2,672 15 5.90 19 11.80 1 23.60 35 38 56 94 [ 244 ] ANNEX-59-xiii Page 2 of Pages 2 PROJECT COST WITH BENEFICIARY DISTRIBUTION (Contd.) ACCESS TO UTILITIES TOTAL PROGRAMME PHASE l Unit Zero One Two (1984-1991) (1984-87) TYPE OF UNIT Cost No. Monthly No. Monthly No. Monthly Number Cost (Rs. '000) Number Cost Instalment Instalment Instalment of Units Loan Grant Total of Units Rs'OOO> (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.) D-I 5 F 1,498 4 3.35 9 6.65 - - 13 8 11 19 W-I 5 F 1,671 1 3.70 2 7.40 - - 3 2 3 5 D-I 10 F 1,839 7 4.10 6 8.15 - - 13 9 15 24 W-I 10 F 2,102 1 4.65 1 9.30 - - 2 2 2 4 D-I 15 F 2,815 I 6.25 I 12.45 - - 2 2 4 6 D--I 5 R 1,785 2 3.95 5 7.90 - - 7 5 7 12 W-I 5 R 1,613 1 4.40 1 8.80 - - 2 1 2 3 D-1 10 R 2,130 3 4.70 1 9.40 - - 4 2 6 9 W-1 10 R 2,415 I 5.35 - - - - 1 1 1 2 Sub Total 2,738 1,542 159 4,439 4,125 7,007 11,132 TOTAL 3,016 1,542 (2,296 Nos.) 159 7,103 6,536 7,176 13,712 2,664 2,580> II COMMUNITY LATRINE SEATS a. Conversion of Existing Dry (Bucket) Latrines 4 - 8 8 4 s: b. Renovation of Existing Flush Latrines 52 - 52 52 52 52 c. Construction of New Flush Latrines 30 - 105 105 TOTAL 86 - 165 165 56 60' TOTAL FOR TOWN 7,189 6,536 7,341 13,877 2,720 2,640) LEGEND: C -Conversions with Existing Superstructure CS-Conversions with Superstructure to be Provided N -New Constructions D-1-Dry Conditions without WPPM D-2-Dry Conditiones with WPPM W-1-Wet Conditions without WPPM W-2-Wet Conditions with WPPM WPPM-Water Pollution Prevention MeasureS. WL-1 -Waterlogged Conditions in Fine Soils. WL-2-Waterlogged Conditions in Coarse Soils I,F,R,- Location of Pits Inside premises, under Footpath, under Road 5,10,15-Number of Users per Household '"Pattern of ass;stance ( ... % loan, rest grant) : Type of Unit Access to utilities Zero One Two C/CS 50% 100% 100% N 25% 50% 100% 245 ] ANNEX-59-xiv Page 1 of pages 2 PROJECT COST WITH BENEFICIARY DISTRIBUTION (Section 7.6) TOWN: 14-MADANAPALLE ACCESS TO UTILITIES TOTAL PROGRAMME PHASS I Unit Zero One Two (1984-1991 (1984-87) TYPE OF UNIT Cost No. Monthly No. Monthly No. Monthly Number Cost (Rs. '000) Number Cost Instalment Instalment Instalment of Units Loan Grant Total of Units Rs. '00() (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.) I INDIVIDUAL LATRINES 1. c D-1 5 I 744 107 3.30 ----427 Nos.-- 6.60 534 357 40 397 D-2 5 I 905 107 4.00 ----426 Nos.-- 8.00 533 434 48 482 D-I 10 I 960 155 4.25 - - - 1083 Nos.-- 8.50 1,238 1,114 74 1,188 D-2 10 I 1.190 155 5.25 - - - 1082 Nos.-- 10.50 1,237 1,380 92 1,472 D-1 15 I 1,429 37 6.35 ----371 Nos.-- 12.65 408 557 26 583 D-2 15 I 1,710 37 7.55 ----371 Nos.-- 15.10 408 666 32 698 Sub Total 598 - - - 3760 Nos.-- 4,358 4,508 312 4,820 2. cs D-1 5 I 1,274 5 5.50 - - - - 7 Nos.-- 10.95 12 12 3 15 D-1 5 I 1,435 5 6.35 - - - - 6 Nos.-- 12.70 11 12 4 16 D-1 10 I 1,490 11 6.60 ---- 16 Nos.-- 13.15 27 32 8 40 D-2 10 I 1,720 11 7.60 ---- 15 Nos.-- 15.20 26 35 10 45 D-1 15 I 2,359 1 10.45 ---- 4 Nos.-- 20.85 5 10 2 12 D-2 15 I 2,640 1 11.65 ---- 3 Nos.-- 23.30 4 9 2 11 Sub Total 34 - - - · - 51 Nos.-- 85 110 29 139 Total Conversions 632 ---3,811 Nos.-- 4,443 4,618 341 4,959 3,600 4,018 3. N D-1 5 I 1,259 862 2.80 416 5.60 121 11.15 1,399 686 1,075 1,761 D--2 5 I 1,420 862 3.15 415 6.30 121 12.55 1,398 773 1,212 1,985 D-1 10 I 1,480 826 3.30 383 6.55 82 13.10 1,291 710 1,201 1,911 D-2 10 I 1,710 825 3.80 383 7.55 81 15.10 1,289 819 1,385 2,204 D-1 15 I 2,339 162 5.20 163 10.35 18 20.65 343 327 475 802 [ 246 ] ANNEX-59-xiv· Page 2 of Pages 2 PROJECf COST WITH BENEFICIARY DISTRiBUTION (Contd.) ACCESS TO UTILITIES TOTAL PROGRAMME PHASE l\ Unit Zero One Two (1984-1991) (1984-87) TYPE OF UNIT Cost No. Monthly No. Monthly No. Monthly Number Cost (Rs. '000) Number Cost Instalment Instalment Instalment of Units Loan Grant Total of Units Rs'OOOl,, (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.) D-2 15 I 2,620 161 5.80 163 11.60 18 23.15 342 366 530 896 D-1 5 R 1,785 253 3.95 41 7.90 10 15.75 304 168 375 543 D-2 5 R 1,985 252 4.40 40 8.80 10 17.55 302 185 414 599 D-1 10 R 2,130 116 4.70 6 9.40 4 18.80 126 77 191 268 D-2 10 R 2,350 115 5.20 6 1040 4 20.75 125 84 210 294 D- 1 15 R 3,035 9 6.70 13 13.40 7 26.80 29 48 40 88 D-2 15 R 3,320 7 7.35 12 14.70 7 29.35 26 49 37 86 Sub Total 4,450 2,041 483 6,974 4,292 7,145 11,437 TOTAL 5,082 2,041 (3,8111\los.) 383 11,417 8,910 7,486 16,396 3,600 4,018: II COMMUNITY LATRINE SEATS a. Conversion of Existing Dry (Bucket) Latrines b. Renovation of Existing Flush Latrines 132 - 132 132 132 132' c. Construction of New Flush Latrines 30 - 105 105 Sub Total 162 - 237 237 132 132' TOTAL FOR TOWN 11,579 8,910 7,723 16,633 3,732 4,150' LEGEND: C -Conversions with Existing Superstructure CS -Conversions with Superstructure to be Provided N -New Constructions . D-1 -Dry Condttions without WPPM D-2 -Dry Conditions with WPPM W-1 -Wet Conditions without WPPM W·2 -Wet Conditions with WPPM WPPM-Water Pollution Prevention Measures. WL-1 -Waterlogged Conditions irt Fine Soils. WL-2-Waterlogged Conditions in Coarse Soils I,F,R,-Location of Pits Inside premises, under Footpath, under Road 5,10,15,-Number of Users per Household ,Pattern of assistance( ••• %loan, rest grant): Type of Unit Access to utilities Zero One Two C/CS 50% 100% 100% N 25% 50% 100% [ 247 ' ( G ANNEX-59-xv Page 1 of Pages 3 PROJECT COST WITH BENEFICIARY DISTRIBUTION (Sections 7.6) TOWN : 15-NANDYAL ACCESS T 0 UTILITIES TOTAL PROGRAMME PHASE I Unit Zero One Two (1984- 1991) (1984- 87) TYPE OF UNIT Cost No. Monthly No. Monthly No. Monthly Number Cost (Rs. '000) Number Cost Instalment Instalment Instalment of Unit Loan Grant Total of Units Rs. '000 (Rs.} (Rs) (Rs) (Rs) I INDIVIDUAL LATRINES 1. c D-1 5 I 744 13 3.30 ----174 Nos.-- f.60 187 134 5 139 D-2 5 I 905 13 4.00 ----174 Nos.-- 8.00 187 163 6 169 W-1 5 I 875 16 3.90 ----207 Nos.-- 7.75 223 188 7 195 W-2 5 I 1,075 10 4.75 ----138 Nos.-- 9.50 148 154 5 159 D-1 10 I 960 17 4.25 -~--205 Nos.-- 8.50 222 205 8 213 D-2 10 I 1,190 17 5-25 - -·--205 Nos.-- 10.50 222 254 10 264 W-1 10 I 1,145 20 5.05 ----245 Nos.-- 10.10 265 292 11 303 W-2 10 I 1,450 11 6.40 ----162 Nos.-- 12.80 173 243 8 251 D-1 15 I 1,429 6 6.35 - - - - 25 Nos.-- 12.65 31 40 4 44 D-2 15 I 1,710 6 7.55 - - - - 2 5 Nos.-- 15.10 31 48 5 53 W-1 15 I 1,762 7 7.80 - - - - 2 9 Nos.-- 15.55 36 57 6 63 W-2 15 I 2,165 2 9.60 - - - - 19 Nos.-- 19.15 21 43 2 45 D-1 5 I 983 1 4.35 - - - - 3 Nos.-- 8.70 4 3 1 4 D-1 5 R 1,270 2 5 60 ------- 4 Nos.-- 11.20 6 6 2 8 D-1 10 R 1,610 - - ---- 6 Nos.-- 14.25 6 10 - 10 Sub Total 141 ----1,621 Nos.-- 1,762 1,840 80 1,920 1,762 1,920 2. cs D-1 5· I 1,274 9 5.40 - - - - 87 Nos.-- 10.95 96 114 8 122 W-1 5 I 1,405 9 6.20 - - - - 87 Nos.-- 12.40 96 129 6 135 D-1 10 I 1,490 11 6.60 ----103 Nos.-- 13.15 114 162 8 170 W-1 10 I 4,675 10 7.40 ----102 Nos.-- 14.80 112 500 24 524 D-1 15 I 2,359 4 10.45 __ _,- 33 Nos.-- 20.85 37 85 2 87 Sub Total 43 ----412 Nos.-- 455 990 48 1,038 455 1,038 Total Conversions 184 ----2,033 Nos.-- 2,217 2,830 128 2,958 2,217 2,958 [ 248 ] ANNEX-59-xv Page 2 of Pages 3 PROJECT COST WITH BENEFICIARY DISTRIBUTION (Contd.) ACCESS T 0 U T I L I T I E S TOTAL PROGRAMME PHASE I Unit Zero One Two (1984 - 1991) (1984- 87) TYPE OF UNIT Cost No. Monthly No. Monthly No. Monthly Number Cost (Rs. '000) Number Cost Instalment Instalment Instalment of Unit Loan Grant Total of Units Rs, '000 (Rs.) (Rs) (Rs) (Rs) 3. N D-1 5 I 1,259 1,316 2.80 507 5.60 65 11.15 1,888 815 1,562 2377 D-2 5 I 1,420 1,316 3.15 507 6-30 65 12.55 1,888 919 1,762 2,681 W-1 5 I 1,395 1,579 3.10 608 6.20 80 12.35 2,267 1,086 2,076 3,162 W-2 5 I 1,595 1,051 3.55 403 7.05 50 14.10 1,504 820 1,579 2,399 D-1 10 I 1,480 693 3.30 360 6.55 60 13.10 1,113 612 1,035 1,647 D-2 10 I 1,710 693 3.80 360 7.55 60 15.10 1,113 707 1,196 1,930 W-1 10 I 1,665 831 3.70 432 7.35 71 14.70 1,334 824 1,997 2,221 W-2 10 I 1,970 554 4.35 289 8.70 47 17.40 890 650 1,103 1,753 D-1 15 I 2,339 44 5.20 36 10.35 9 20.65 89 89 119 208 D-2 15 I 2,620 44 5.80 36 11.60 9 23.15 89 100 133 233 W-1 15 I 2,672 52 5.90 43 11.80 11 23.60 106 122 161 283 W-2 15 I 3,075 34 6.80 29 13.60 7 27.15 70 92 123 215 D-1 5 F 1,498 30 3.35 9 6.65 1 13.25 40 19 41 60 D-2 5 F 1,685 30 3.75 9 7.45 1 14.90 40 22 45 67 W-1 5 F 1,671 36 3.70 10 7.40 1 14.75 47 25 54 79 W-2 5 F 1,995 24 4.45 6 8.85 - - 30 18 42 60 D-1 10 F 1,839 18 4.10 8 8.15 - - 26 16 32 48 D-2 10 F 2,100 18 4.65 8 9.30 - - 26 18 37 55 W-1 10 F 2,102 22 4.65 10 9.30 1 18.55 33 24 45 69 W-2 10 F 2,400 14 5.30 6 10.60 - 20 16 32 48 D-1 15 F 2,815 3 6.25 5 12.45 2 24.85 10 15 13 28 D-1 5 R 1,785 4 3.95 1 7.90 - 5 3 6 9 D-2 5 R 1,985 4 4.40 1 8.80 - 5 3 7 10 W-l 5 R 1,995 4 4.45 2 8.85 - 6 4 8 l2 l49 .0 ( G ANNEX-59-xv Page 3 of Pages 3 PROJECT COST WITH BENEFICIARY DISTRIBUTION (Contd.) ACCESS TO UTILITIES TOTAL PROGRAMME PH ASS I Unit Zero One Two (1984-1991) (1984-87) TYPE OF UNIT Cost No. Monthly No. Monthly No. Monthly Number Cost (Rs. '000) Number Cost Instalment Instalment Instalment of Units Loan Grant Total of Units Rs. '000 (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.) W-2 5 R 2,220 2 4.90 1 9.80 3 3 4 7 D-1 10 R 2,130 2 4.70 6 9.40 3 18.80 11 14 9 23 D-2 10 R 2,350 2 5.20 6 10.40 3 20.75 11 15 11 26 W-1 10 R 2,415 2 5.35 7 10.70 4 21.35 13 19 12 31 W-2 10 U. 2,733 2 6.00 5 11.95 2 23.85 9 14 10 24 Sub Total 8,424 3,710 552 12,686 7,084 12,654 19,738 2,000 3,112 TOTAL 8,608 3,710 (2,033 Nos.) 552 14,903 9,914 12,782 22,696 4,217 6,070 II COMMUNITY LATRINE SEATS a. Conversion of Existing Dry (Bucket) Latrines 913 - 1,826 1,826 913 1,826 b. Renovation of Existing Flush Latrines 43 - 43 43 43 43 c. Construction of New Flush Latrines 30 - 105 105 TOTAL 986 - 1,914 1,974 956 1,869 TOTAL FOR TOWN 15,889 9,914 14,756 24,670 5,173 7,939 LEGEND: C -Conversions with Existing Superstructure CS -Conversions with Superstructure to be Provided N -New <:;onstructions D-1 -Dry Conditions without WPPM D-2 -Dry Conditions with WPPM W-1 -Wet Conditions without WPPM W-2 -Wet Conditions with WPPM WPPM-Water Pollution Prevention Measures WL-1 -Waterlogged Conditions in Fine Soils. WL-2-Waterlogged Conditions in Coarse Soils I,F,R,-Location of Pits Inside premises, under Footpath, under Road 5,10, 15,-Number of Users per Household Pattern of assistance ( ... %loan, rest grant) : Type of Unit Access to utilities Zero One Two C!CS 50% 100% 100% N 25% 50% 100% [ 250 ] ANNEX-59-xvi Page 1 of Pages 2 PROJECT COST WITH BENEFICIARY DISTRIBUTION (Sections 7.6) TOWN : 16-0NGOLE ACCESS TO UTILITIES TOTAL PROGRAMME PHASS I Unit Zero One Two (1984-1991) (1984-87) TYPE OF UNIT Cost No. Monthly No. Monthly No. Monthly Number Cost (Rs. '000) Number Cost Instalment Instalment Instalment of Units Loan Grant Total of Units Rs. '000 (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.) I INDIVIDUAL LATRINES 1. c D-1 5 I 744 22 3.30 ----146 Nos.-- 6.60 168 117 8 125 D-2 5 I 905 11 4.00 - - - - 73 Nos.-- 8.00 84 71 5 76 W-1 5 I 875 3 3.90 - - - - 23 Nos.-- 7.75 26 21 2 23 D-1 10 I 960 8 4.25 - - - - 9 Nos.-- 8.50 17 12 4 16 D-2 10 I 1,190 4 5.25 ---- 5 Nos.-- 10.50 9 8 3 11 W-1 10 I 1,145 1 5.05 1 0.5 0.5 1 Sub Total 49 ---256 Nos.-- 305 229.5 22.5 252 2. cs D-1 5 I 1,274 77 5.50 ----367 Nos.-- 10.95 444 517 49 566 D-2 5 I 1,435 39 6.35 ----184 Nos.-- 12.70 223 292 28 320 W-1 5 I 1,405 12 6.20 - - - - 60 Nos.-- 12.40 72 93 8 101 D-1 10 I 1,490 1 6.60 1 0.5 0.5 1 Sub Total 129 ----611 Nos.-- 740 902.5 85.5 988 Total Conversions 178 ----867 Nos.-- 1,045 1,132 108 1,240 1,045 1,240 3. N D-l 5 I 1,259 4,406 2.80 2,108 5.60 388 11.15 6,902 3,202 5,488 8,690 D-2 5 I 1,420 2,202 3.15 1,054 6.30 194 12.55 3,450 1,806 3,093 4.899 W-1 5 I 1,395 734 3.10 352 6.20 65 12.35 1,151 592 1,013 1,605 D-1 10 I 1,480 608 3.30 147 6.55 20 13.10 775 363 784 8,147 D-2 lO l 1~710 304 3,80 74 7.55 10 15.10 388 210 453 663 ( 25l ANNEX-59-xvi Page 2 of Pages 2 PROJECT COST WITH BENEFICIARY DISTRIBUTION (Contd.) ACCESS T 0 UTILITIES TOTAL PROGRAMME PHASE I Unit Zero One Two (1984- 1991) (1984- 87) TYPE OF UNIT Cost No. Monthly No. Monthly No. Monthly Number Cost (Rs. '000) Number Cost Instalment Instalment Instalment of Units Loan Grant Total of Units Rs. '000 (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.) W-1 10 I 1,665 102 3.70 24 7.35 3 14.70 129 67 148 215 D-1 15 I 2,339 1 5.20 - - 1 1 1 2 Sub Total 8,357 3,759 680 12,796 6,241 10,980 17,221 3,000 4,037 TOTAL 8,535 3,759 (867 Nos.) 680 13,841 7,373 11,088 18,461 4,045 5,277' II COMMUNITY LATRINE SEATS a. Conversion of Existing Dry (Bucket) Latrines b. Renovation of Existing Flush Latrines 28 - 28 28 c. Construction of New Flush Latrines 100 - 350 350 TOTAL 128 - 378 378 TOTAL FOR TOWN 13,969 7,373 11,466 18,839 4,045 5,277' LEGEND: C -Conversions with Existing Superstructure CS -Conversions with Superstructure to be Provided N -New Constructions D-1 -Dry Conditions without WPPM, D-2-Dry Conditions with WPPM W-1 -Wet Conditions without WPPM W-2-Wet Conditions with WPPM WPPM- Water Pollution Prevention Measures WL-1 -Waterlogged Conditions in Fine Soils. WL-2-Waterlogged Conditions in Coarse Soils I,F,R, -Location of Pits Inside premises, under Footpath, under Road 5,10,15,-Number of Users per Household ,.Pattern of assistance ( .• loan, rest grant) : Type of Unit Access to utilities Zero One Two C/CS 50% 100% 100% N 25% 50% 100% [ 252 ] ANNEX-59-xvii Page 1 of Pages 2 PROJECT COST WITH BENEFICIARY DISTRIBUTION (Section 7 .6) TOWN : 17-PRODDATUR ACCESS T 0 UTILITIES TOTAL PROGRAMME PHASE I Unit Zero One Two (1984- 1991) (1984- 87) TYPE OF UNIT Cost No. Monthly No. Monthly No. Monthly Number Cost (Rs. '000) Number Cost Instalment Instalment Instalment of Units Loan Grant Total of Units Rs. '000 (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.) I INDIVIDUAL LATRINES 1. c D-I 5 I 744 178 3.30 ----404 Nos.-- 6.60 582 367 66 433 D-2 5 I 905 177 4.00 ----403 Nos.-- 8.00 580 445 80 525 D-1 10 I 960 125 4.25 ----490 Nos.-- 8.50 615 530 60 590 D-2 10 I 1,190 125 5.25 ----490 Nos.-- 10.50 615 657 75 732 D-1 15 I 1,429 12 6.35 - - - - 84 Nos.-- 12.65 96 129 8 137 D-2 15 I 1,710 12 7.55 - - - - 83 Nos.-- 15.10 95 152 10 162 D-1 5 F 983 5 4.35 ---- 6 Nos.-- 8.70 11 8 3 11 D-1 10 F 1,324 - - - - 10 Nos.-- 11.70 10 13 - 13 Sub Total 634 - - - 1970 Nos.-- 2,604 2,301 302 2,603 2,604 2,603 2. cs D-1 5 I 1,274 4 5.50 ---- 15 Nos.-- 10.95 19 22 2 24 D-2 5 I 1,435 3 6.35 --- - 15 Nos.-- 12.70 18 24 2 26 D-1 10 I 1,490 4 6.60 ---- 16 Nos.-- 13.15 20 27 3 30 D-2 10 I 1,720 3 7.60 ---- 15 Nos.-- 15.20 18 28 3 31 D-1 15 I 2,359 1 10.45 ---- 2 Nos.-- 20.85 3 6 1 7 D-2 15 I 2,640 - ---- 2 Nos.-- 23.35 2 5 - 5 Sub Total 15 - - - - 65 Nos.-- 80 ll2 lJ 123 80 123 Total Conversions 649 ---2,035 Nos.-~ 2,684 2,413 313 2,726 2,684 2,726 3. N D-1 5 I 1,259 2,755 2.80 1,409 5.60 45 11.15 4,209 1,811 3,488 5,299 2,000 2,518 D-2 5 I 1,420 2,754 3.15 1,409 6.30 45 12.55 4,208 2,042 3,933 5,975 D-1 10 I 1,480 1,552 3.30 1,142 6.55 60 13.10 2,754 1,508 2,568 4)076 D-2 10 I 1,710 1,551 3.80 1,141 7.55 60 15.10 2,752 1,741 2,965 4,706 D-1 15 I 2,339 82 5.20 128 10.35 13 20.65 223 228 294 522 D-2 15 I 2,620 81 5.80 127 17.60 13 23.15 221 253 326 579 D~l s f 1,498 7 3.35 1 6.65 - s 3 9 12 ( 253 j \:! 8 D ANNEX-59-xvii Page 2 of Pages 2 PROJECT COST WITH BENEFICIARY DISTRIBUTION (Contd.) ACCESS T 0 UTILITIES TOTAL PROGRAMME PHASE I Unit Zero One Two (1984 - 1991) (1984- 87) TYPE OF UNlT Cost No. Monthly No. Monthly No. Monthly Number Cost (Rs. '000) Number Cost Instalment Instalment Instalment of Units Lean Grant Total of Units Rs. '000 (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.) D-2 5 F 1,685 6 3.75 1 7.45 7 3 9 12 D-1 10 F 1,839 6 4.10 1 8.15 16.25 7 4 9 13 D-2 10 F 2,100 5 4.65 5 5.5 5.5 11 D-1 15 F 2,815 I 6.25 1 1.5 1.5 3 D-2 15 F 3,095 1 6.90 1 1.5 1.5 3 D-1 5 R 1,785 10 3.95 5 7.90 1 15.75 16 11 18 29 D-2 5 R 1,984 9 4.40 5 8.80 14 9 19 28 D-1 10 R 2,130 10 4.70 11 9.40 12 18.80 33 43 27 70 D-2 10 R 2,350 10 5.20 10 10.40 11 20.75 31 43 30 73 D-1 15 R 3,035 29 6.70 2 13.40 2 26,80 33 31 69 100 D-2 15 R 3,320 29 7.35 2 14.70 1 29.35 32 31 75 106 Sub Total 8,898 5,394 263 14,555 7,769.5 13,847.5 21,.617 2,000 2,518 TOTAL 9,547 5,394 (2035 Nos.) 263 17,239 10,182.5 14,160.5 24,343 4684 5,244 II COMMUNITY LATRINE SEATS a. Conversion of Existing Dry (Bucket) Latrines 16 - 32 32 16 32 b. Renovation of Existing Flush Latrines 16 - 16 16 16 16 c. Construction of New Flush Latrines 150 - 525 525 TOTAL 182 - 573 573 32 48 TOTAL FOR TOWN 17,421 10,182 14,734 24,916 4,716 5,292 LEGEND: C -Conversions with Existing Superstructure CS -Conversions with Superstructure to be Provided N -New Constructions D-1 -Dry Conditions without WPCl..M D-2-Dry Conditions with WPPM W-1 -Wet Conditions without WP~M W-2-Wet Conditions with WPPM WPPM- Water Pollution Prevention Measures WL-1 -Waterlogged Conditions in Fine Soils. WL-2-Waterlogged Conditions in Coarse Soils I,F,R, -Location of Pits Inside premises, under Footpath, under Road 5,10,15,-Number of Users per Household Pattern of assistance ( loan, rest grant) : Type of Unit Access to utilities Zero One Two C/CS 50% 100% 100% N 25% 50% 100% [ 254 ] ANNEX-59-xviii Page 1 of Pages 2 PROJECT COST WITH BENEFICIARY DISTRIBUTION (Section 7.6) TOWN : 18-SANGAREDDY ACCESS T 0 UTILITIES TOTAL PROGRAMME PHASE I Unit Zero One Two (1984- 1991) (1984- 87) TYPE OF UNIT Cost No. Monthly No. Monthly No. Monthly Number Cost (Rs. '000) Number Cost Instalment Instalment Instalment of Units Loan Grant Total of Units Rs. 'OOUc (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.) I INDIVIDUAL LATRINES 1. c W-1 5 I 875 3 3.90 - - - - 30 Nos.-- 7.75 33 28 1 29 W-2 5 I 1,075 1 4.75 - - - - 15 Nos.-- 9.50 16 16 1 17 WL-1 5 I 1,780 - - - - - 4 Nos.-- 15.75 4 7 - 7 W-1 10 I 1,145 8 5.05 - - - - - 42 Nos.-- 10.10 50 53 4 57 W-·2 10 I 1,450 4 6.40 - - - - 21 Nos.·--- 12.80 25 33 3 36 WL-1 10 I 2,265 - - ---- 6 Nos.-- 20.00 6 14 - 14 W-1 15 I 1,762 - ~ - - - - 32 Nos.-- 15.55 32 56 - 56 W-2 15 I 2,165 - - - - - - 16 Nos. - 19.15 16 35 - 35 WL-1 15 I 2,770 - - - - - - 6 Nos.-- 24.45 6 17 - 17 W-1 5 F 1,156 - -- ---- 1 Nos.-- 10.20 1 1 - 1 W-1 10 F 1,582 - - - - - - 4 Nos.-- 14.00 4 6 - 6 Sub Total 16 ----177 Nos.-- 193 266 9 275 2. cs W-I 5 I 1,405 24 6.20 ----282 Nos.-- 12.40 306 413 17 430 W-2 5 I 1,605 12 7.10 ----141 Nos.-- 14.15 153 236 10 246 WL-1 5 I 2,310 3 10.20 - - - - 46 Nos.-- 20.40 49 110 3 113 W-1 10 I 1,675 47 7.40 ----410 Nos.-- 14.80 457 726 39 765 W-2 10 I 1,980 24 8.75 ----210 Nos.-- 17.50 234 440 23 463 WL-1 10 I 2,795 7 12.35 - - - - 75 Nos.-- 24.70 82 215 10 225 W-1 15 I 2,692 3 11.90 ----180 Nos.-- 23.80 183 489 4 493 W-2 15 I 3,095 2 13.70 - - - - 90 Nos.-- 27.35 92 282 3 285 WL-1 15 I 3,700 - - - - - - 25 Nos.-- 32.70 25 93 - 93 Sub Total 122 ----1,459 Nos.-- 1,581 3,004 109 3,Jl3 Total Convrsions 138 -----1,636 Nos.-- 1,774 3,270 118 3,388 1,200 2,292: [ 255 1 !J 'l q ',. ANNEX-59·xviii Page 2 of Pages 2 PROJECT COST WITH BENEFICIARY DISTRIBUTION (Contd.) ACCESS T 0 UTILITIES TOTAL PROGRAMME PHASE l Unit Zero One Two (1984 • 1991) (1984- 87) TYPE OF UNIT Cost No. Monthly No. Monthly No. Monthly Number Cost (Rs. '000) Number Cost Instalment Instalment Instalment of Unit Loan Grant Total of Units Rs. '000 (Rs.) (Rs) (Rs) (Rs) 3. N W-1 5 I 1,395 304 3.10 133 6.20 94 12.35 531 330 411 741 W-2 5 I 1,595 3152 3.55 67 7.95 47 14.10 266 189 235 424 WL-1 5 I 2,300 so 5.10 22 10.15 16 20.30 88 91 111 202 W-1 10 I 1,665 354 3.70 208 7.35 127 14.70 689 531 616 1,147 W-2 10 1 1,970 177 4.35 104 8.70 64 17.40 345 316 364 680 WL-1 10 I 2,780 60 6.15 33 12.30 20 24.55 113 143 171 314 W-1 15 I 2,672 69 5.90 55 11.80 50 23.60 174 253 212 465 W-2 15 I 3,075 35 6,80 28 13.60 25 27.15 88 147 124 271 WL-l 15 I 3,680 10 8,15 10 16.25 8 32.50 28 57 46 103 W-1 5 F 1,671 - - 2 7.40 6 14.75 8 12 1 13 W-1 15 F 1,995 - - 1 8.85 1 17.65 2 3 1 4 Sub Total 1,211 663 458 2,332 2,072 2,292 4,364 TOTAL 1,349 663 ( 1,636 Nos.) 458 4,106 5,342 2,410 7,752 1,200 2,292 II. COMMUNITY LATRINES SEATS a. Conversion of Existing Dry (Bucket) 20 - 40 40 20 40 b. Renovation of Existing Flush Latrines 14 - 14 14 14 14 c. Construction of New Flush Latrines 30 - 105 105 TOTAL 64 159 159 34 54 TOTAL FOR TOWN 4,170 5,342 2,569 7,911 1,234 2,346 LEGEND: c -Conversions with Existing Superstructure CS -Conversions with Superstructure to be Provided N -New Constructions D-1 -Dry Condttions without WPPM D-2 -Dry Conditions with WPPM W-1 -Wet Conditions without WPPM W-2 -Wet Conditions with WPPM WPPM-Water Pollution Prevention Measures WL-1 -Waterlogged Conditions in Fine Soils. WL-2-Waterlogged Conditions in Coarse Soils I,F,R,-Location of Pits Inside premises, under Footpath, under Road 5,10,15,-Number of Users per Household Pattern of assistance ( ••. %loan, rest grant) : Type of Unit Access to utilities Zero One Two C/CS 50% 100% 100% N 25% 50% 100% [ 256 ] ANNEX-59-xix Page 1 of pages 3 PROJECT COST WITH BENEFICIARY DISTRIBUTION (Section 7.6) TOWN : 19-SRIKAKULAM ACCESS TO UTILITIES TOTAL PROGRAMME PH ASS I Unit Zero One Two ( 1984-1991 (1984-87) TYPE OF UNIT Cost No. Monthly No. Monthly No. Monthly Number Cost (Rs. '000) Number Cost Instalment Instalment Instalment of Units Loan Grant Total of Units Rs, '000 (Rs.) (Rs,) (Rs.) (Rs.) I INDIVIDUAL LATRINES 1. c D-1 5 1 744 15 3.30 - - - - 85 Nos.-- 6.60 100 69 5 74 D-2 5 I 905 15 4.00 - - - - 85 Nos.-- 8.00 100 84 7 91 W-1 5 I 875 90 3.90 ---~510 Nos.-- 7.75 600 486 39 525 W..,....2 5 I 1,075 5 4.75 - - - - 83 Nos.-- 9.50 88 92 3 95 WL-1 5 I 1,780 - - - - - - 82 Nos.-- 15.75 82 146 - 146 D-1 10 I 960 7 4.25 - - - - 68 Nos.-- 8.50 75 69 3 72 D-2 10 I 1,190 7 5.25 - - - - 68 Nos.-- 10.50 75 85 4 89 W-1 10 I 1,145 42 5,05 ----408 Nos.-- 10.10 450 491 24 515 W-2 10 I 1,450 7 6.40 - - - - 68 Nos.-- 12 80 75 104 5 109 WL-1 D-1 10 15 I I 2,265 1,429 -2 - 6.35 - - - - 65 Nos.-- - - - - 37 Nos.-- 20.00 12.65 65 39 147 54 ~ 2 147 56 D-2 15 I 1,710 1 7.55 - - - - 8 Nos.-- 15,10 9 14 1 15 WL-1 D-1 15 10 I F 2,770 1,324 - - - - - - - 16 Nos.-- ------:- 1 No.--- 24.45 10.70 16 1 44 1 - - 44 1 Sub Total 191 - - - 1,584 Nos.-- 1,775 1,886 93 1,979 2. cs D-l 5 I 1,274 2 5.50 - - - - 10 Nos.-- 10.95 12 14 1 15 D-2 5 I 1,435 2 6.35 ----.- 10 Nos.-- 12.65 12 16 1 17 W,_,.l 5 I 1,405 10 6.20 - - - - 60 Nos.--- 12.40 70 91 1 98 W-2 5 I 1,605 - - - - - 10 Nos.-- 14.20 10 16 - 16 WL-1 5 I 2,310 - - --~~ 5 Nos.-- 20.40 5 12 - 12 D-1 10 I 1,490 2 6,60 - - - - 13 Nos.-- 13.15 15 21 1 22 D-2 10 I 1,720 2 7.60 - - - - 13 Nos.-- 15.20 15 24 2 26 D...,.-1 10 I 1,675 3 7.40 ----51 Nos.-- 14.80 54 88 2 90 D-1 15 ~ 2,359 - - - - - - 12 Nos,-- 20.85 12 28 - 28 Sub Total 21 ----184 Nos.--- 205 310 J4 324 Total Conversion~ J]2 - - - I ,768 Nos.-- 1,980 ~.196 107 4,$03 ],980 !2.303 l 2~7 l ANNEX-59~xix Page 2 of Pages 3 PROJECT COST WITH BENEFICIARY DISTRIBUTION (Contd.) ACCESS TO UTILITIES TOTAL PROGRAMME PHASS I Unit Zero One Two (1984-1991) (1984-87) TYPE OF UNIT Cost No. Monthly No. Monthly No. Monthly Number Cost (Rs. '000) Number Cost Instalment Instalment Instalment of Units Loan Grant Total of Units Rs. '000 (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.) 3. N D-1 5 I 1,259 390 2.80 187 5.60 31 11.15 608 279 486 765 D-2 5 I 1,420 390 3.15 187 6.30 31 12.55 608 315 548 863 W-1 5 I 1,395 2,340 3.10 1,122 6.20 186 12.35 3,648 1,858 3,231 5,089 W-2 5 I 1,595 390 3.55 187 7.05 31 14.10 608 354 616 970 WL-1 5 I 2,300 389 5.10 188 10.75 28 20.30 605 504 887 1,391 6.55 17 13.10 281 165 251 416 D-1 10 I 1,480 149 3.30 115 D-2 10 I 1,710 149 3.80 115 7.55 17 15.10 281 191 290 481 894 3.55 690 7.05 102 14.10 1,686 1,116 1,691 2,807 W-1 10 I 1,665 1,970 149 4.70 115 8.70 17 17.40 281 220 334 554 W-2 10 I 12.30 18 24.55 276 309 459 768 WL-1 15 I 2,780 144 6.15 114 5.20· 10.35 2 20.65 14 16 17 33 D-1 15 I 2,339 5 7 7 11.60 2 23.15 14 18 19 37 D-2 15 I 2,.620 5 5.80 W-1 32 5.90 46 11.80 8 23.60 86 104 126 230 15 I 2,672 7 13.60 1 27.15 13 18 22 40 W-2 15 I 3,075 5 6.80 8.15 8 16.25 1 32.50 16 25 34 59 WL-1 15 I 3,680 7 D-1 5 F 1,498 6 3.35 4 6.65 - - 10 5 10 15 D-2 5 F 1,685 6 3.75 4 7.45 - - 10 7.40 4 14.75 66 43 67 110 W-1 5 F 1,671 37 3.70 25 4 8.85 - - 10 7 13 20 W-2 5 F 1,995 6 4.45 WL-1 5 F 2,258 6 5.00 5 10.00 - - 11 9 16 25 D-1 10 F 1,839 7 3.35 5 6.65 - - 12 8 14 22 7 4.65 4 9.30 11 8 15 23 D-2 10 F 2,100 40 4.65 28 9.30 5 18.55 73 61 92 153 W-1 10 F 2,102 W-2 10 F 2,400 7 5.30 7 10.60 14 13 21 34 WL-1 10 F 2,758 6 6.10 - - - 6 4 13 17 [ 258 1 ANNEX-59-xix Page 3 of Pages 3' PROJECT COST WITH BENEFICIARY DISTRIBUTION (Contd.) ACCESS TO UTILITIES TOTAL PROGRAMME PHASE l Unit Zero One Two (1984-1991) (1984-87) TYPE OF UNIT Cost No. Monthly No. Monthly No. Monthly Number Cost (Rs. '000) Number Cost Instalment Instalment Instalment of Units Loan Grant Total of Units Rs'OOO> (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.) D-1 15 F 2,815 2 6.25 2 12,45 4 4 7 11 D-1 5 R 1,785 13 3.95 7 7.80 1 15.75 21 14 24 38 D-2 10 R 2,130 19 4.70 3 9.40 3 18.80 25 20 34 54 W-1 15 R 3,365 14 7.45 5 14.85 6 29.70 25 40 44 84 Sub Total 5,604 3,198 511 9,323 5,728 9,381 15,109 1,000 1,621' TOTAL 5,816 3,198 (1,768 Nos.) 511 11,303 7,924 9,488 17,412 2,980 3,924 II COMMUNITY LATRINES a. Convension of Existing Dry (Bucket) Latrines 25 - 50 50 25 50· b. Renovation of Existing Flush Latrines 12 - 12 12 12 12'. c. Construction of New Flush Latrines 90 - 445 445 TOTAL 127 - 507 507 37 62: TOTAL FOR TOWN 11,430 7,924 9,995 17,919 3,017 3,986· LEGEND: C -Conversions with Existing Superstructure CS-Conversions with Superstructure to be Provided N -New Constructions; D-1-Dry Conditions without WPPM D-2-Dry Conditiones with WPPM W-1-Wet Conditions without WPPM W-2-Wet Conditions with WPPM WPPM-Water Pollution Prevention Measures. WL-1 -Waterlogged Conditions in Fine Soils. WL-2-Waterlogged Conditions in Coarse Soils ],F,R,-Location of Pits Inside premises, under Footpath, under Road 5,10,15-Number ofUsers per Household Pattern of assistance ( •.. % loan, rest grant) : Type of Unit Access to utilities Zero One Two C/CS 50% 100% 100% N 25% 50% 100% 259 ] •;: " ANNEX-59-xx Page 1 of Pages 2 PROJECT COST WITH BENEFICIARY DISTRIBUTION (Sections 7.6) TOWN: 20-TADEPALLIGUDEM ACCESS T 0 UTILITIES TOTAL PROGRAMME PHASE I Unit Zero One Two (1984. 1991) (1984- 87) TYPE OF UNIT Cost No. Monthly No. Monthly No. Monthly Number Cost (Rs. '000) Number Cost Instalment Instalment Instalment of Unit Loan Grant Total of Units Rs. '000 (Rs.) (Rs) (Rs) (Rs) I INDIVIDUAL LATRINES 1. cs D-1 5 I 1,274 179 5.50 ----315 Nos.-- 10.95 494 514 115 629 D-2 5 I 1,435 23 6.35 - - - - 39 Nos.-- 12.70 62 72 17 89 W-1 5 I 1,405 179 6.20 ----315 Nos.-- 12.40 494 598 126 694 W-2 5 I 1,605 46 7.10 - - - - 78 Nos.-- 14.20 124 162 37 199 WL-1 5 I 2,310 19 10.20 - - - - 40 Nos.-- 20.40 59 114 22 136 D-1 10 I 1,490 132 6.60 ----242 Nos.-- 13.15 374 459 98 557 D-2 10 l 1,720 16 7.60 - - - - 30 Nos.-- 15.20 46 65 14 79 W-1 10 I 1,675 132 7.40 ----242 Nos.-- 14.80 374 516 110 626 W-2 10 I 1,980 33 8 74 - - - - 6 1 Nos.-- 17.50 94 153 33 188 WL-1 10 I 2,795 15 12.35 - - - - 28 Nos.-- 24.70 43 99 21 120 D-l 15 I 2,359 17 10.45 - - - - 44 Nos.-- 20.85 61 124 20 144 D-2 15 I 2,640 3 11.65 - - - - 6 Nos.-- 23.30 9 20 4 24 W-1 15 I 2,692 17 1190 - - - - 44 Nos.-- 23.80 61 141 23 164 W-2 15 I 3,095 4 13.70 - - - - 11 Nos.-- 27.35 15 40 6 46 WL-1 15 I 3,700 - - - - 3 Nos.-- 32.70 3 11 - 11 Sub Total (Total Conversions) 815 ----1,498 Nos.-- 2,313 3,058 646 3,704 2,313 3,704 2. N D-1 5 I 1,259 1,733 2.80 478 5.60 170 11.15 2,381 1,060 1,938 2,998 D-2 5 I 1,420 217 3.15 59 6.30 21 12.55 297 149 273 422 W-1 5 I 1,395 1,733 3.10 478 6.20 170 12.35 2,381 1,175 2,146 3,321 W-2 5 I 1,595 435 3.55 120 7.05 43 14.10 598 338 616 954 WL-1 5 I 2,300 227 5.10 63 10.15 22 20.30 312 254 464 718 D-1 10 I 1,480 873 3.30 250 6.55 140 13.10 1,263 715 1,154 1,869 [ 260 ANNEX-59~xx Page 2 of Pages 2 PROJECT COST WITH BENEFICIARY DISTRIBUTION (Contd.) ACCESS TO UTILITIES TOTAL PROGRAMME PHASE I Unit Zero One Two (1984~1991) (19~4-87) TYPE OF UNIT Cost No. Monthly No. Monthly No. Monthly Number Cost (Rs. '000) Number Cost Instalment Instalment Instalment of Units Loan Grant Total of Units Rs'OOO (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.) D-2 10 I 1,710 109 3.80 32 7.55 18 15.10 159 105 147 272 W-1 10 I 1,665 873 3.70 250 7.35 140 14.70 1,263 805 1,298 2,103 W-2 10 I 1,970 218 4.35 63 8.70 35 17.40 316 238 385 623 WL-1 10 I 2,780 110 6.15 30 12.30 18 24.55 158 168 271 439 D-1 15 I 2,339 96 5.20 20 10.35 14 20:65 130 112 192 304 D-2 15 I 2,620 12 5.80 3 11.60 2 23 15 17 17 28 45 W-1 15 I 2,672 96 5.90 20 11.80 14 23.60 130 129 219 348 W-2 15 I 3,075 24 6.80 5 13.60 3 27.15 32 35 63 98 WL-1 15 I 3,680 14 8.15 1 16.25 1 32.50 16 18 41 59 Sub Total 6,770 1,872 811 9,453 5,318 9,255 14,573 1,100 1,696 TOTAL 7,585 1,872 (1,498) 811 11.766 8,376 9,901 18,277 3,413 5,400 II COMMUNITY LATRINE SEATS a. Conversion of Existing Dry (Bucket) Latrines 10 - 20 20 10 20 b. Renovation of Existing Flush Latrines 15 - 15 15 15 15 c. Construction of New Flush Latrines 50 - 175 175 TOTAL 75 - 210 210 TOTAL FOR TOWN 11,841 8,376 10,111 18,487 3,438 5,435 LEGEND: C -Conversions with Existing Superstructure CS -Conversions with Superstructure to be Provided N -New Constructions D-1 -Dry Condttions without WPPM D-2 -Dry Conditions with WPPM W-1 -Wet Conditions without WPPM W-2 -Wet Conditions with WPPM WPPM-Water Pollution Prevention Measures WL-1 -Waterlogged Conditions in Fine Soils. WL-2-Waterlogged Conditions in Coarse Soils I,F,R,-Location of Pits Inside premises, under Footpath, under Road 5,10,15,-Number of Users per Household Patterrz of assistance ( ... %loan, rest grant): Type of Unit Access to utilities Zero One Two C/CS 50% 100% 100% N 25% 50% lOO% 261 D L ANNEX-60 TOWNWISE PROJECT COST (UNITS AND POPULATION BENEFITED)-SUMMARY (Section 7.3) TOWN CONVERSIONS NEW CONSTRUCTIONS COMMUNITY LATRINE TOTAL PROGRAMME PHASEI PROGRAMME SEATS 1984M1991 (1984-1987) Number Population Cost Number Population Cost Con Reno New Cost (Rupees lakhs) Units Population Cost (Rs. lakhs) Benifited Rs: lakbs Benifited Rs. lakhs version vation ConsM Rs. lakbs Total Grant Loan C N benefited Total Grant ('000) ('000) truction ('000) 1. Adilabad 2,387 15 24.66 5,044 32 71.92 2 70 2.47 99.05 55.51 43.54 2,387 15 24.66 4.50 2. Amalapuram 1,072 5 13.93 5,342 26 75.51 33 44 30 2.15 91.59 52.81 38.78 1,072 750 9 24.47 2.00 3. Anakapalle 2,083 10 26.48 12,770 59 166.49 14 90 3.29 196.26 115.60 80.66 2,083 701 13 35.45 7.68 4. Bapatla 1,270 7 16.32 7,925 44 142.69 8 70 2.53 161.54 103.76 57.78 1,270 1,770 17 41.37 18.64 5. Bheemunipatnam 759 4 10.73 5,174 27 71.62 16 30 1.21 83.56 46.84 36.72 759 1,415 11 23.71 12.13 6. Dharmavaram 409 2 5.08 7,385 44 108.41 6 70 2.51 116.00 69.52 46.48 409 1,541 11 24.54 12.10 7. Gadwal 234 1 3.65 5,496 33 76.07 16 6 30 1.43 81.15 53.03 28.12 234 1,500 10 22.91 13.07 8. Gudivada 2,031 10 38.03 11,748 59 236.30 87 30 1.92 276.25 154.49 121.76 2,031 2,000 20 76.78 52.23 9. Guntakal 2,052 12 26.80 11,968 68 176.15 12 110 3.97 206.92 117.97 88.95 2,052 2,030 23 52.48 28.20 10. Karimnagar 8,423 48 83.20 5,434 31 79.39 120 4.20 166.79 62.03 104.76 4,000 23 41.60 2.00 11. Kavali 1,845 9 34.94 6,802 32 159.27 30 40 1.70 195.91 107.82 88.09 1,845 700 12 51.63 12.21 12. Khammam 4,242 23 67.38 10,342 57 159.66 16 150 5.41 232.45 11().06 116.39 4,242 30 67.38 7.74 13. Madanapalle 2,664 17 25.80 4,439 28 111.32 4 52 30 1.65 138.77 73.41 65.36 2,664 17 26.40 1.29 14. Mahbubnagar 4,443 30 49.59 6,974 40 114.37 132 30 2.37 166.33 77.23 89,10 3,600 24 41.50 1.56 15. Nandyal 2,217 12 29.58 12,686 67 197.38 I !H3 43 30 19.74 246.70 147.56 99.14 3,173 2,000 27 79.39 39.97 16. Ongole 1,045 s 12.40 12,796 67 172.21 28 100 3.78 188.39 114.66 73.73 1,045 3,000 21 52.77 26.82 17. Proddatur 2,684 15 27.26 14,555 83 216.17 16 16 150 5.73 249.16 147.34 101.82 4,716 27 52.92 20.18 18. Sangareddy 1,774 11 33.88 2,332 16 43.64 20 14 30 1.59 79.11 25.69 53.42 1,234 7 23.46 1-42 19. Srikakulam 1,980 11 23.03 9,323 50 151.09 25 12 90 5.07 179.19 99.95 79.24 1,980 1,000 16 39.86 11.69 20. Tadepalligudem 2,313 13 37.04 9,453 52 145.73 10 15 50 2.10 184.87 101.11 83.76 2,313 1,100 19 54.35 10.77 TOTAL 45,927 260 589.78 167,888 915 2675.39 I 137 553 1,350 74.82 3339.99 1842.39 1,497.63 43,109 19,527 34.5 862.63 287.20 ----------·-----·------------------~-------------------------------------- 1 During phase I, 29,29% of the total units (93.86% conversion and 11.63% new constructi01 covering 29.36 of the 213,815 total beneficiaries will be provided, increasing the present level of service (access of households to flush latrines) from 19% to 44% (which will be 100% when the total programm s completed). 2. Grant element in phase I programme is 33.29% against 55.16% for the Total Programme whi in:::ludes 100% grant for community latrines. ( 262 J ANNEX-61 RATES OF MUNICIPAL TAXES (PER ANNUM) WITH THEIR COMPONENTS FOR THE YEAR 1983-84 (Section 4.4.1) B u i 1 d in g s a s o1 !o 0 f ARV Property Tax o n Water Tax Drainage Scavenging Lighting Library Education Total -Operative Grade of Additional Scav- Percentage Realisation Tax for General Tax Tax Tax Cess Tax Date Munici- enging tax that Taxes Other TOWN Purposes pality can be levied Dues R NR R NR R NR R N~ R NR R NR N NR R NR R NR 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 1 2 3 4 5 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 0.96 1.:4 24.96 32.24 1.4.1977 II 0.04 0.76 74.23 75.89 Adilabad 15.00 18.00 5.00 9.00 1. 4.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 0.84 1.0 3.00 3,00 24.84 29.04 1.4.1977 II 0.16 3.96 87.27 87.92 2. Amalapuram 6.00 8.00 6.00 7.00 * * 15.00 6.00 6.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 3.00 0.84 1.2 3.00 3.50 24.84 32.62 1.4.1977 I 0.16 0.38 56.69 3. Anakapalle 12.00 2.00 3.00 5.00 5.00 0.96 1.) 1.00 2.00 24.96 31.20 1.4.1977 II 0.04 1.80 78.72 4~ Bapatla 13.00 18 00 3.00 2.00 * * 7.00 7.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 6.00 0.84 0.2 3.00 3.00 24.84 26.92 1.4.1977 III 0.16 6.08 67.40 57 40 5. Bheemunipatnam 5.00 5.00 10.00 6.40 8.00 1.60 2.00 2.00 2.00 4.00 4.00 0.96 1.4 2.00 2.00 24.96 . 29.04 1.10.1980 III 0.04 3.96 86.80 94.00 6. Dharmavaram 8.00 13.00 3.00 2.00 0.08 18.00 7.00 98.62 97.86 7. Gadwal 10.00 6.00 9.00 2.00 3.00 2.00 2.80 4.00 4.00 0.80 15 3.00 3.00 25.00 32.95 1.4.1977 Spl 0.05 100.00 96.60 8. Gudivada 7.20 2.50 2.50 4.00 4.00 0.80 10 4.00 4.00 25.00 30.00 I 3.00 92.50 98.00 9. Guntakal 7.20 12.00 6.50 6.50 * * 12.50 12.50 6.25 6.25 2.00 2.00 3.25 3.25 0.96 06 24.96 24.96 II 0.04 8.04 76.30 98.91 10. Karimnagar 2.00 2.38 3.00 0.48 0. ~ 0.22 0.24 24.50 25.72 1.10.1978 II 0.50 7.28 64.04 11. Kavali 9.52 12.00 9.52 8.00 * * 2.38 24.96 25.22 I 0.04 7.78 88.50 90.12 12. Khammam * 2.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 0.84 14 3.00 3.00 24.84 30.04 1.4.1977 II 0.16 2.96 94.55 13. Madanapalle 10.00 10.00 5.00 8.00 * 14.00 18.00 4.00 4.00 2.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.76 28 23.76 28.08 II 1.24 4.92 90.45 97.35 14. Mahabubnagar 2.20 2.20 4.00 4.00 1.694 '2 16 2.80 2.80 25.00 30.016 I 2.984 94.00 96.00 15. Nandyal 7.306 12.00 7.00 7.00 * * 12.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 2.50 2.50 3.00 3.00 0.96 )2 3.00 3.00 24.96 29.52 Spl 0.04 3.48 93.43 92.17 16. Ongole 7.50 2.00 2.00 2.00 1.48 :10 5.00 5.00 24.98 32.00 I 0,02 1.00 94.00 93.00 17. Prbddatur 10.50 17.00 4.00 4.00 * * 2.00 1.00 1.00 0.08 0~ 25.08 25.08 1.4.1982 III 99.47 18. Sangareddy 19.00 19.00 5.00 5.00 * * 7.92 79.74 3.00 4.00 5.00 0.84 2 3.00 3.00 24.84 32.12 I 0.16 0.88 88.53 98.30 19. Srikakulam 10.00 13.00 4.00 4.00 * * 6.00 10.00 6.00 6.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 4.00 4.00 0.84 (6 3.00 3.00 24.84 27.96 1.4.1977 I 0.16 5.04 97.86 94.00 20. Tadepalligudem 7.00 NOTE: i. Maximum permissible rates of property tax on residential (R) and non residential (NR) buildings inclusive of education t~ and library cess are 25% and 33% of the annual rental value (ARV) as per the Government's Ordinance No. 12/77 effective from April 1, 1977. ii. Buildings and lands below ARV 60 are exempted from payment of tax under Section 85 of AP Municipalites Act, 1965. * Included in the figure for Water Tax. I 263 1 ANNEX-62 Page 1 of Pages 5 MEASURES FOR AUGMENTING MUNICIPAL RESOURCES (Sections 9.4.1 and 9.4.2) Introduction Maintenance of community latrines is the obligatory duty of the Municipalities and as detailed in Sections 3.3 and 9.3, they have to incur heavy recurring expenditure if the community latrines are to be properly operated and maintained. Even if GOA subsidizes these costs by 50%, (as already recommended), the Municipalities will still have to locate additional funds not only to meet these costs but also to render the other services more effectively. The following practicable measures are suggested based on the findings of the ''Institutional, Financial and Legal Studies" conducted by TAG (Annexes- 3 and 8) as also the recommendations of the Tamil Nadu Govt. Municipal Finance Enquiry Committee (May, 1983) which are equally relevant to the local conditions in Andhra Pradesh. They fall broadly into three groups : i) increasing the levies under the existing taxes, ii) levying new taxes and iii) embarking on new revenue earning enterprises and these are discussed below with special reference to the latrine programme in this Project. A. Increasing Levies under the Existing Taxes i. Property Tax - Total Rate The present rates of taxation in these Municipalities with its components for water, drainage and scavenging taxes should be increased to the maximum permissible under the Act. as already indicated in Annex-61. ii. Property Tax - Slab System In these municipalities, the property tax is levied at the same rate irrespective of the rental value. In the Madras Corporation, a progressive rate of levy with four slabs ( 19-!% upto Rs. 500; 25!% for Rs. 501-1000; 27t% for Rs. 1001- Rs. 5000 and 30% for the ARV above Rs. 5000) is adopted. There should be progression in the rates of property tax in 3 slabs, the Councils themselves fixing the rates of tax for the various slabs keeping in view the minimum recommended to be prescribed. iii. Property tax - Differential on Usage According to the present system of taxation, properties used for industrial, commercial and business purposes arc also taxed at the same scale as properties used for dwelling purposes. Additional property tax or surchage on property tax in the case of buildings and lands used for specified purposes like the Kalyana Mandapams, Hotels, Cinema Houses, Lodging Houses may be levied, if necessary, the Act, being amended suitably. iv. Property Tax Vis-a-Vis Rent Control Acts There are several judicial decisions according to which the standard rent fixed under the Rent Control Act, which is generally lower than that of the market rent, should be deemed to be the [ 264 ] ANNEX-62 Page 2 of Pages 5 MEASURES FOR AUGMENTING MUNICIPAL RESOURCES (Contd.) reasonable rent for the purpose of assessment of property tax for municipal taxation. As a, result of these decisions, the annual rental value of almost all urban properties remained frozen and the property tax which normally should have been a very flexible and growing source of revenue for the urban local bodies, has not been yielding the best possible results. The Committee of Ministers under the Central Conncil of Local Self Government also opined that the fair rent prescribed by the Rent Control Act restricts only the rent that any occupier has to pay to the owner of the premisses and it does not in any way restrict the Central Valua- tion Agency for estimating the reasonable annual rental value for the purpose of working out the local rates. It is therefore recommended that the restrictive influence of the Rent Control Act in evaluating the reasonable letting value of the houses for purpose of levy of property tax may be removed by amending the relevant provisions of both the Municipalities Act and the Rent Control Act so that one operates independent of the other. v. Property Tax - Quin-quennial Revision Though the Act provides for quinquennial revision, in practice, it has not been possible to, carry out this quinquennial revision owing to various factors since 1970. Jt is a well known fact that the rental value of houses has more than doubled in the last ten years . . Thus, what would otherwise be a very elastic source of revenue to the Municipalities has be- come very inelastic. Hence there is a very great need for strict revision of property taxation once in every five years. Instead of conducting a general quinquennial revision in the entire area of the municipalities at the same time, it is recommended that the revisions may be done in 1/Sth of the municipality every year, so that the entire area of the municipality can be covered by revision of the property tax once in 5 years, a practice which has already been adopted by the Corporations of Madras and Madurai. vi. Property Tax - Right to Appeal for Reduction Under the provisions of the Act, ratepayers file their petitions agamst assessment orders [o the Commissioners and to the Taxation Appeal Committee of the Municipal Councils. This means that in a given period of five years, the ratepayer enjoys the right to ask for reduction in the assessment totally 20 times. One can easily visualise the accuracy of the work of dis- posing of revision and appeal cases in the municipalities and the adverse impact it has on the municipal finances As there is no statutory provision requiring the Ta](ation Appeal Com- mittee to record reasons for the reduction of the property tax, it is often found that unreason- able reductions of tax have been made without recording any reasons. H is commended that the Act be amended so that the tax appellate powers of the Councils are restricted by impo- sing conditions that (I) the reduction of tax should not be by more than 50% of the enhanced portion of the tax and (ii) reasons for the reduction of the tax should be recorded by the- Taxation Appeal Committee. [ 265 ANNEX-62 Page 3 of Pages 5 MEASURES FOR AUGMENTING MUNICIPAL RESOURCES (Contd.) vii Property Tax - Exemptions The exemptions currently enjoyed by the educational institutions in the municipalities be withdrawn by amending the Act as they are not found to be necessary for the growth of these· institutions as seen by the experience in the Corporations of Madras and Madurai. viii: Property Tax-Collection Incentives After settlement of assessment registers for each ward, demand notices for all assessments are prepared and handed over to the bill collectors who are expected to go from door to door, serve the notices and collect the taxes. The Act provides for sufficient penal action to be taken in case of default in payment of tax which includes destraint of immovable properties in case of default of payment after 15 days from the date of issue of demand notice, prosecutions in case of wilful evasion of payment and filing of civil suits. Inspite of these provisions, 100% collection could not be achieved in almost all the Project Towns. To remedy this situation, the following measures are recommended : a. Incentives to the tax payers A rebate of 3% for payment within first three months of the half year subject to the condition that there are no arrears to be paid in respect of that property. b. Bonus to the bill collectors According to the existing orders, a bonus of one month pay, 3/4 of month's pay and half month's pay to the bill collectors is paid for collecting 100% 97-100% and 95-97% res- pectively. Jt is recommended that the collection staff including the Revenue Officers and Revenue Inspectors may be given a percentage of the collection in case where maximum or near maximum of coliection is achieved as an incentive subject to a maximuw amount of bonus and suggested that 90% and Rs. 1000 per year may be fixed as the minimum percentage of collection for bonus eligibility and maximum bonus amount to any member respectively. These should also be made applicable to the collec- tion of loan instalments from the householders envisaged in the Project. It should also be prescribed that loan recoveries less that 75% will result in loss of Latrine Grants to the municipality just as tax collections less then 75% will result in loss of Elementary Educa- tion Grants as is the practice in Tamil Nadu. ix. Otber Taxes In view of the aims and objectives of the original Entertainment Tax Act of 1939 and the Local Authorities Finance Act 1961 which clearly say the levy of Entertainment Tax, Surcharge on Entertainment Tax and Show Tax is to augment the municipal finances, it is recommended that the entire collection of entertainment tax and surcharge on entertainment tax be apportioned to the municipalities deducting 5% only towards collection charges [ 266 ] ANNEX-62 Page 4 of Pages 5 MEASURES FOR AUGMENTING MUNICIPAL RESOURCES (Contd.) (instead of apportioning between the municipalities concerned and the GOA in the ratio of 40 : 60 as per the existing arrangement). B. New Taxes Municipalities derive their power of taxation ony from the State Government and the Constitution does not provide for Local List of Taxation. Thus, unless the Government provides for any new tax measures, the municipalities cannot but content themselves with the existing local tax mea- sures. No new measures have been provided for the municipalities during the past 20 years. Thus there is an urgent need for some new addttional tax measures like the following : i. Advertisement Tax The Corporation of Madras is levying a tax on advertisements other than newspaper advertise- ,, ments under Section 149-A of the Madras City Municipal Corporation Act, 1919. This tax is collected at such rates and in such manner as might be fixed by the Council with the approval of the State Goverment provided always that the rates shall be subject to the maximum and minimum laid gown by the State Govt. in this behalf. Suitable provisions may be made in the Andhra Pradesh Municipalities Act 1965 similar to those mentioned above. ii. Tourist Tax All the project towns have the potential to develop as good tourist centres with presently some holiday makers coming from the neighbouring areas. The municipalities have to provide various civic amenities for the benefit of these people. But the people are not contributing any- thing towards the cost of these services. A tourist tax at flat rate of 5 paise on the ordinary days and 25 paise per person on the notified season days, irrespective of the distance travelled could be easily collected just as in the case of collection of entertainment tax and surcharge on entertainment tax by making the bus operators to have their tickets presealed by the municipal authorities concerned. iii. Octroi The authority for levy of octroi is derived from Entry No. 52 in the State List of the Sche- dule VII of the Constitution of India. This tax is levied by the Local Bodies in almost all the states in North India. Till recently, Karnataka was also levying octroi. Though octroi has been considered to be an obnoxious tax and GOI have advised the state governments to abolish this levy, excepting Karnataka all other states continue to levy the tax. The reason for this is the absence of a proper alternative to octroi. In these states, octroi constitutes 30% to 40% of the total income of the municipalities and hence they do not depend much on property tax. The scope for levy of any new tax in the municipalities is very much limited. Further, any new area the municipalities may enter upon would have been exploited to the maximum by the [ 267 l ANNEX-62 Page 5 of Pages 5 MEASURES FOR AUGMENTING MUNICIPAL RESOURCES (Contd.) state government and therefore it would only be an encroachment over state sphere. It is therefore desirable that levy of octroi is taken up by the different municipalities. Sattenathan Committee which has presented a report on the Madras Corporation Adminis- tration has recommended among other things, levy of octroi or Ievey of surcharge on sales tax or a turnover tax. The latter two taxes will be encroaching over the state field. There- fore levy of octroi by these municipalities is recommended. iv. Sanitary Tax There is no specific mention of the general sanitary tax for the construction and maintenance of public latrines as is found in the municipal laws of Gujarat, Rajasthan and U.P. It may be worthwhile to go into this aspect more deeply and if the existing scavenger tax does not preclude the levy of this tax or charge, it should be levied to meet the maintenance cost of the community latrines specifically and emptying and other services for the individual latrines, if necessary. v. Special Latrine Tax The feasibility of inclusion of a 'special latrine tax' as a new additional component of property tax (as has been done in the Maharashtra Municipalities Act, 1965) may also be explored. C. Remunerative Enterprises By taking up remunerative enterprise schemes like : i. bus stands and cart stands: ii. markets and shopping centres; and iii. slaughter houses the municipalities can aim at twin purposes ; providing better amenities to the public and generat- ing a source of good income to the municipality. D. Waterseal Latrine Construction Fund A special fund, 'Waterseal Latrine Construction Fund' made up of the realisations of special latrine tax, contributions from general fund contributions from the beneficiaries etc. may be constituted. 268
Groupe de la Banque mondiale · Working Paper
India - Master plan report on low cost water seal latrine program in 20 towns of Andhra Pradesh (Vol. 2 of 2) : Annexes
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