Rwanda - Second Education Project

Document of The World Bank FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Report No. 3770-RW STAFF APPRAISAL REPORT A SECOND EDUCATION PROJECT IN THE RWANDESE REPUBLIC May 24, 1982 Education Projects Division Eastern Africa Regional Office This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization.  CURRENCY EQUIVALENT US$1.00 = RWF 92.84 RwF 100 = US$1.08 US$1.00 = SDR 0.885211 (April 31, 1982) MEASURES 1 meter = 3.28 feet 1 kilometer - 0.62 mile 1 square kilometer = 0.39 square mile 1 hectare = 2.47 acres RWANDESE REPUBLIC FISCAL YEAR January 1 to December 31 School Year September to July  (ii) FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY RWANDESE REPUBLIC APPRAISAL OF A SECOND EDUCATION PROJECT Table of Contents Page No. BASIC DATA GLOSSARY I. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND HUMAN RESOURCES .................. 1 Geographic and Socio-economic Setting ..................... 1 Human Resources Development ............................... 2 II. THE EDUCATION SECTOR AND ISSUES IN EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT.. 6 Background and Educational Reforms ........................ 6 Administration and Development Features ................... 7 Primary and Post-primary Education ..................... 8 Secondary Education .................................... 8 Higher Education ....................................... 10 Non-formal Education .................... 10 Financial Aspects ...................................... 11 Main Issues ............................................... 11 Bank Group Strategy and Lending for Education ............. 12 III. THE PROJECT ............................................... 14 Objectives ................................................ 14 Project Components ........................................ 15 Commerce Training College .............................. 15 Nursing Training School ................................ 16 Teacher Training Colleges .............................. 17 Studies ................................................ 19 Technical Assistance Summary ........................... 19 Female Participation in the Education System ........... 20 Participation of Donor Agencies in Education Sector .... 20 This report is based on the findings of first- and second-phase appraisal missions which visited Rwanda in February and June 1981 and comprised Messrs. J. McCabe (senior education planner/mission leader), M. Giuseppi (architect) and I. Auerhan (economist/consultant, first-phase) joined by health training consultants Ms. S. Furst (first-phase) and Dr. C. Dubois (second-phase). Prior to appraisal, a Unesco mission assisted the Government with project preparation. This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization.  tiii) Page IV. PROJECT COST AND FINANCIAL PLAN .............................. 21 Project Cost ........... 21 Financial Plan .23 V. IMPLEMENTATION, PROCUREMENT, DISBURSEMENTS AND AUDITING 24 Implementation... 24 Procurement .............. 25 Disbursements .............O.. 26 Auditing ..................................................... 26 VI. BENEFITS AND RISKS ............................ 26 Benefits ...................... 26 Risks-.. - ....................----.. 27 VII. AGREEMENT REACHED AND RECOMMENDATIONS ........................ 27 ANNEXES Annex 1 - Charts, Tables and Schedules Chart 1 - Education System, 1981 Chart 2 - MINEPRISEC Organization Chart, 1981 Chart 3 - Education Pyramid Table 1 - Comparative Education Indicators Table 2 - Enrollment Growth in Formal Education 1975-1980 Table 3 - Increased Output Junior Nurses (A3) Required Table 4 - Primary Teacher Training Requirements 1980-1990 Table 5 - Government Expenditures on Education 1974-1980 Table 6 - Summary of Estimated Project Costs Schedule 1 - Technical Assistance Schedule 2 - Implementation Schedule 3 - Disbursements Annex 2 - Selected Documents and Data Available in the Project File MAP - IBRD No. 16060  (iv) RWANDESE REPUBLIC BASIC DATA 1979/1980 General Area 26,340 km2 Population 5.2 million Population Growth Rate p.a. 3.6% Population Density per km2 207 persons GNP per Capita US$220 Literacy Rate 23% Rural Population 95% Education Gross % Enrollment Enrollments Girls Ratio Primary (grades 1-8) 607,000 48 57% Post-primary (grades 9-11) 12,000 70) Secondary (grades 9-14) 12,000 33) 4% University: Rwanda 1,000 11) 0.4% Abroad 450 ) Education Expenditures Government Expenditures on Education as 21.3% Percentage of Total Government Expenditures Total Recurrent Expenditures of MOE RWF 2,514 million Total Capital Expenditures of MOE RWF 533 million Total Educational Expenditures as % of GDP 3.2%   (v) GLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONS BPES Bureau Pedagogique de l'Enseignement Secondaire: Curriculum Development Unit of MINEPRISEC CERAI Centre d'Enseignement Rural et Artisanal Int6gre: Post-primary Rural Centers of MINEPRISEC CERAR Centres Ruraux et Artisanaux du Rwanda Pre-reform Post-primary Rural Centers CTC Commerce Training College EPD IBRD Economic Analysis and Projection Department ESSI Higher Education for Medical Technicians GDP Gross Domestic Product ILO International Labor Organization IPN Institut Pedagogique National: National Pedagogical Institute MINEPRISEC Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education MINESUP Ministry of Higher Education MINISANTE Ministry of Health MPW Ministry of Public Works NTS Nursing Training School NUR National University of Rwanda PIU Project Implementation Unit in SFCS for the Second Education Project SDP Second Development Plan, 1977-81 SF Sections Familiales - Pre-reform Post-primary Centers (Girls) SFCS Service de Financement et des Constructions Scolaires: Building and Project Unit of tNINEPRISEC TDP Third Development Plan, 1982-86 TTC Teacher Training College WHO World Health Organization   I. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND HUMAN RESOURCES Geographic and Socio-Economic Setting 1.01. Rwanda with an estimated population of over five million in 1980 (of which 47 percent under the age of 15) increasing at over 3 percent yearly, having a density of over 200 persons per square kilometer and a per capita income of $220 (1980) is one of the world's poorest countries. About 95 percent of the population live in rural areas engaged mainly in subsistence agriculture on family farms of an average size of one hectare. Agriculture plays a predominant role in the economy, contributing over half of gross domestic product (GDP) and three-quarters of export earnings (of which coffee some 60 percent), though manufacturing output has increased significantly during the 1970s and accounts for about 18 percent of GDP. However, foodcrop production hardly meets the needs of the rapidly increasing population, and the solution of this major problem together with others such as land shortage, unemployment, under-employment, malnutrition and increased energy costs, is rendered more difficult through lack of natural resources and transport problems related to the great distance to sea ports in this landlocked country (1,700 km. by road to Mombasa, Kenya). 1.02. Following independence in 1962 and especially since the change of Government in 1973, Rwanda has achieved considerable political stability, made possible by the unity and relative homogeneity of the population and the absence of serious inequalities. In the Second Development Plan, 1977-81 (SDP) the main priority was assigned to agricultural development, in marked contrast to the development strategy of previous Governments which emphasized the import substituting development of a manufacturing sector. The SDP established four priority objectives for economic and social development: (a) satisfying the population's food needs by intensification and diversification of agriculture; (b) increasing employment and better utilization of human resources, with educational reform and technical training; (c) improving living standards through more widespread access to better health care and basic social services; and (d) improving Rwanda's trade balance through development of exports and import substitution, and more effective and increased use of external financial and technical assistance. These objectives would be achieved through an economic growth rate of 5.9 percent yearly (constant prices) implying growth of 5.0 percent, 7.1 percent and 7.2 percent respectively, in the agriculture, industry and services sectors, and requiring FRw 52 billion in investment including about 72 percent external aid. 1.03. However, implementation of the SDP remains weak with only limited achievement of objectives and targets. With regard to the first objective of satisfying food needs, overall growth in agriculture has hardly reached 3 percent yearly. While some improved cultivation is reported, yields in general, have declined and neither calorie nor protein targets for food production were met. Concerning the second objective, industry has not expanded or diversified sufficiently though employment increases are being  -2- achieved in public administratior, and in the construction