India - Subernarekha Irrigation Project

Document of The World Bank FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Report No. 3948-IN STAFF APPRAISAL REPORT INDIA SUBERNAREKHA IRRIGATION PROJECT July 23, 1982 South Asia Projects Department Agriculture C Division This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS US$1.00 = Rupees (Rs) 9.00 1/ WEIGHTS AND MEASURES (METRIC SYSTEM) 2/ 1 meter (m) = 3.28 feet (ft) 1 kilometer = 0.62 miles (mi) 1 hectare (ha) = 2.47 acres (ac) 1 million cubic meters (Mm ) = 810 acre-feet (ac-ft) 1 thousand million cubic feet (TMC) = 28.32 Mm 1 cubic foot per second (cfs or cusec = 0.028 cubic meters per second (cumec) 1 ton = 1,000 kilograms (kg) 1 ton = 2,205 pounds (lb) FISCAL YEAR GOI, GOB and GOO - April 1 - March 31 ARDC, Cooperatives - July 1 - June 30 Commercial Banks - January 1 - December 31 1/ The US Dollar/Rupee exchange rate is subject to change. Conversions in this report have been made at US$1.00 to Rs 9.0, which represents the projected exchange rate over the disbursement period. 2/ The Metric System has been used in most cases. However, India is still in the process of transition to the metric system; non-metric units are still widely used, and were also used in this report in cases in which a conversion to the metric system may confuse the reader. ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS FOR OFFICIAL USE ()LY AD - Agricultural Department AE - Assistant Engineer AG - Accountant General ARDC - Agriculture Refinance and Development Corp. CADA - Command Area Development uthority CCA - Cultivable Command Area CDO - Central Design Organization CE - Chief-Engineer CWC - Central Water Commission CWP - Control of Water Pollution DOE - Department of Environment EE - Executive Engineer EIC - Engineer-in-Chief ERR - Economic Rate of Return FCF - Foodgrain Conversion Factor GOB - Government of Bihar GOI - Government of India OO - Government of Orissa GOWB - Government of West Bengal ICB - International Competitive Bidding ID - Irrigation Department (Bihar) IDA - International Development Association IDMP - Master Plan for Irrigation and Drainage I&M - Industrial and Municipal IPD - Irrigation and Power Department (Orissa) JCB - Joint Control Board JE - Joint Engineer LCB - Local Competitive Bidding MIP - Medium Irrigation Project NH - National Highway NPV - Net Present Value O&M - Operation & Maintenance PCC - Precast Concrete PMC - Planning and Monitoring Cell PWD - Public Works Department SCF - Standard Conversion Factor SCWP - State Water Pollution Control and Prevention Board SDV - Supplementary Data Volume SE - Superindenting Engineer SIS - Subernarekha Irrigation System SPU - Subernarekha Project Unit TPA - The Tripartite Agreement T&V - Training and Visit WAPCOS - Water and Power Consultancy Services GLOSSARY chak - Irrigation service area below the Government outlet (about 40 ha) kharif - Wet season (June to October) rabi - Dry season (November to February) hot weather-March to May This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization.  INDIA SUBERNAREKHA IRRIGATION PROJECT Staff Appraisal Report Table of Contents Page No. I. BACKGROUND ..... ................ . .......... . ........ 1 Introduction ........ ............ ....... o ............... . 1 Agriculture and Irrigation in India ......................... 1 The State of Bihar ... ..... ..................... 2 The State of Orissa ....... ... ...... .. .. .. . . ..... . ............ 5 Previous Bank Group Assistance .............................. 8 II. THE SUBERNAREKHA IRRIGATION SYSTEM ........................... 9 Background ....... ........ * .............. . ..... . .... . #. ... 9 Project Formulation and Objectives ........................... 10 SIS Components ............ .... ..... .................... 11 SIS Irrigated Areas ... ...................................... 13 Flood Control .......................................0... ... 14 Cost and Finance .... *.............. .. . .................. 14 Phasing .............. . . . .. . . . . ...................... 15 Water Supply and Demand ..#*........oe.................... 17 Municipal and Industrial Wastewater Disposal ................. 18 III. THE PROJECT AREA .................. . ..........o............. 19 Location ................ ................................ . *.. 19 Climate ............ . . ................o..................... 19 Topography .............. .................................... 20 soils ................... ............... . . ............... 20 Population and Land Tenure .................. .. 20 Present Cropping Pattern ............. * ............... 22 Input Use .................................... ....... ....... 22 Crop Yields ................................... *............... 23 This report is based on the findings of an appraisal mission which visited India in November/December 1981 and comprised of Messrs. C. Helman, Y.K. Choi, G. Finlinson, M. Herman and R. Vick (Bank), D. Campbell (FAO/CP) and P. Borrowman (Consultant). Mr. J.M. Kalbermatten (Bank) who visited India in February 1982 and Messrs. J. Hunter, D. Walsh and D. Woodhams (Consultants) who visited India in April 1982 also contributed to the report. Word processing was done by Mrs. S. Douglas with assistance from Ms. C. Batara and Ms. L. Reyes. Ms. D. Walters assisted with computer analysis. -i-i- Table of Contents (continued) Page No. IV. THE PROJECT .................................... .....- 23 Scope and Objectives ........... ....... ... 23 Detailed Features -....................................... 24 Roads .................................................. 29 Design Criteria ............ .................... 30 Dam Safety ................................... 31 Implementation Schedule ................ ........... .... 31 V. COST ESTIMATES AND FINANCIAL ARRANGEMENTS ................... 33 Cost Estimates .............................................. 33 Financing ................................................... 35 Procurement ............................................... 35 Disbursements ................................. 36 Accounts and Audits .. ..... .......... ............. 37 VI. ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT .............................. 37 General . ................................................... 37 The Irrigation Department (Bihar) ................. ......... 38 The Irrigation Department (Orissa) .......................... 42 The Agricultural Department .................... 42 Institutional Arrangements for Implementation of Joint Components .............................. ........ 42 Resettlement.............................. ..... 43 Operation and Maintenance. ...................................45 Monitoring and Evaluation. ...................................47 Supporting Services ..................... ..........48 Environmental Effects. .................................. 48 VII. AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, FARM INCOMES AND COST RECOVERY ... 49 Agricultural Production. ..................................... 49 Market Prospects and Prices. ................................ 52 Farm Incomes .*................. 52 Cost Recovery .............................................. 53 VIII. BENEFITSAND JUSTIFICATION COO.............................. 56 Project Impact ................................................ 56 Economic Analysis .... ................. ........ 57 IX. AGREEMENTS TO BE REACHED AND RECOMMENDATIONS ................ 61 -iii- Table of Contents (continued) TABLES 1. Salient Features of Project Dams 2. Climatic Data 3.(a-b) Water Balance 4.(a-p) Cost Estimates 5.(a-f) Timetable for Contracts 6. Schedule of Disbursements 7. Allocation of the Credit 8. Cropping Patterns 9. Summary of Agricultural Production 10. Economic and Financial Prices 11. Crop Yields and Input Data 12. Financial Crop Budgets 13. Present Water Charges (Bihar, Orissa) 14. Farm Budgets 15. Project Rent 16. Cost Recovery 17. Cost and Benefit Streams for ERR ANNEXES 1. Tripartite Agreement on Subernarekha 2. Main Assumptions for Economic Analysis 3. Related Documents Available in the Project Files CHARTS 1. Project Organization 2. PERT Chandil Dam (IBRD 23567) 3. PERT Galudih Barrage (IBRD 23568) 4. Calendar of Key Events MAP IBRD 16235 - Subernarekha Irrigation Project -iv- Table of Contents (continued) SUPPLEMENTARY DATA VOLUME - I Table of Contents ANNEXES 4 Water Supply and Demand 5 Agriculture 6 Dams and Barrages 7 Minor System Development 8 Roads 9 Engineering Design Criteria 10 Water Pollution Control 11 Cost Estimates (to full development) SUPPLEMENTARY DATA VOLUME - II Technical Appraisal of Chandil and Ichha Dams Prepared by Snowy Mountains Engineering Corporation INDIA SUBERNAREKHA IRRIGATION PROJECT I. BACKGROUND Introduction 1.01 The Government of India (GOI) has requested IDA assistance in financing the first four-year time-slice of the Subernarekha Irrigation System in the Subernarekha River basin. The system will benefit the States of Bihar, Orissa and West Bengal. It will provide irrigation water to about 250,000 ha in Bihar and Orissa, industrial and municipal water supply in Bihar and will reduce flood damages in Orissa and West Bengal. Agriculture and Irrigation in India 1.02 India has a population of about 700 M which is growing at an annual rate of about 2.2%. Since 1960, per capita income grew at an annual rate of 1.2% and reached US$240 in 1980. Although the average per capita income has increased and access to public services has improved, in general, there has been little change in the incomes of the vast masses of urban and rural poor, who comprise about 50% of the total population. Accordingly, GOI's development plans give priority to alleviating poverty and creating employment, especially in rural areas. 1.03 Agriculture is the dominant sector of the Indian economy and contributes about 40% of GNP. It engages about 70% of the labor force and provides the base for about 45% of India's exports. GOI has devoted considerable resources to agricultural development, especially irrigation. 1.04 Irrigation development has been given a very high priority since the beginning of the planning era in 1950. Some 53 M ha were developed by 1979/80, of which about 58% receive water from surface sources and 42% from groundwater. It is estimated that the increased production resulting from investment in irrigation has accounted for at least three-quarters of agricultural growth since 1960. Presently, irrigated agriculture accounts for about 60% of all agricultural output in India. However, production levels in much of the irrigated area, especially the area irrigated from surface sources, is considerably lower than the potential for reasons explained below. 1.05 At independence Indian irrigation systems commanded some 23 M ha. Many of these systems were planned to provide famine protection had limited or no storage and did not have sufficient control structures. Water supply was largely unreliable. Irrigation projects of the early 1960s typically involved a storage or diversion dam and main conveyance system only, leaving the construction of the distribution system from the project outlets to the individual field to the farmers. As some of these outlets served areas in excess of 100 ha, conveyance of water to the -2- far-agate required construction of minor channel networks that were some- times several kilometers long. In most projects, farmers were unable to finance or organize construction of the minor channels without outside assistance, which was rarely available, and this resulted in considerable delays in the utilization of water. 1.06 In the early 1970s, the concept of the Command Area Development Authority (CADA) evolved. The main objectives of the CADA were to coor- dinate the activities of the State Irrigation and Agriculture Departments and to assist farmers in obtaining institutional credit for the construc- tion of the minor systems and for land development. The results of this approach have been below the expectations. Coordination was not entirely effective and the attempt to finance on-farm development through institu- tional credit was unsuccessful since farmers had no confidence in the reliability of water supply and were reluctant to undertake loan obliga- tions. This experience indicates that: (i) more emphasis is required on improving the efficiency and reliability of the conveyance system from the water source to the irrigation outlets; and (ii) Government should assume responsibility for conveying water to an outlet closer to farmgate in order to facilitate the construction of watercourses conveying water to each individual field. There are clear indications that when the farmer is fully confident of his water supply he will undertake investments in modern inputs and make full use of the water supplied. These concepts have been used in the design of the proposed project. The State of Bihar 1.07 Salient Features. The State of Bihar covers an area of 17.4 M ha and has a population of about 69.8 M (1981) of which about 61.1 M (88%) live in rural areas. 2It is one of the most densely populated states in India (400 persons/km ) and a high proportion of its population (13%) belongs to scheduled tribes and castes 1/ (para 3.08). The health stand- ards are low and there are only 34 hospital beds (compared with 71 for India) and 23 doctors per 100,000 of population. The literacy rate is 26%, considerably lower than the all-India rate of 36%. Although Bihar is rich in natural resources (including minerals, coal, lumber, uranium, and iron) their development has been slow. 1.08 Development of Bihar's infrastructure has been slow. Only about 24% of hydro-power potential has been developed and the total installed power capacity of 910 MW (hydro 16%, thermal 84%) represents only 3% of 1/ The term "scheduled castes and tribes" refers to lower castes and tribal people of India scheduled in articles 341, 342 and 366 of the Indian Constitution. Broadly, the groups embraced in the class- ification are harijans and other low castes, and most tribes. -3- all-India capacity (the State accounts for about 10% of India's popula- tion). Electricity has reached about 30% of Bihar's villages by 1981 compared to about 12J a decade ago. The road and railway densities are 46 and 31 km per 100 km , respectively, and compare favorably with the national average. 1.09 The Economy. The agricultural sector dominates the State's economy and accounts for 72% of the State's Domestic Product (SDP), employing about 83% of the working population. The industrial sector accounts for only 13% of the SDP and employs 7% of the working population. Per capita income is the lowest in India and in the period 1970/71-1976/77 averaged Rs 560 compared with Rs 860 for the country as a whole. During the last decade it grew at an annual rate of 1.1%, which was considerably lower than the average for India (1.6%). 1.10 The Agricultural Sector. Bihar has three distinct geographic regions: (i) the northern plains between the Ganges River and the Nepal border, made up of young alluvial soils; (ii) the central plains consist- ing of older alluviums lying along the southern banks of the Ganges; and (iii) the Chotanagpur/Santhal Pargana plateau covering most of the southern half of the State and made up of red and yellow catenary soils. While soils in the northern and central plains are quite fertile, those of the Chotanagpur/Santhal Pargana plateau have restricted agricultural potential. The tropical monsoon climate is characterized by wet, hot summer and dry, mild winter. Annual rainfall averages about 1,250 mm. 1.11 Most of the cultivable land is already cropped, and about 34% of the 8.6 M ha of net cultivated land is irrigated, increasing the cropped area effectively to 11.3 M ha (gross) through multiple cropping. About 90% of the cropped area is under foodgrains (mainly paddy, wheat and maize). Sugarcane, jute and potatoes are becoming important cash crops, but presently account for only 4% of the total area sown. Yields are generally low (paddy 0.9, wheat 1.3, maize 1.0 tons/ha) and can be increased considerably with effective irrigation and improved farming methods. Fertilizer consumption averages 17.8 kg/ha (1980/81) compared with 32.0 for India, and only 24% of the paddy area is under high yielding varieties, compared with 42% for the country as a whole. During the 1970s, the annual growth rate of foodgrain production (0.84%) was much lower than the population growth rate (2.17%). Hence, increasing rural population resulted in stagnation--and in some years the decline--of rural incomes. Population pressures have reduced the average size of farm holdings from 1.5 ha in 1970/71 to 1.1 ha in 1976/77 (-27%). Bihar's average farm size is amongst the smallest in the country (average for India in 1976/77 was 2.28 ha). Moreover, the distribution of holding size is highly skewed; the median size of farm is only about 0.6 hectares and about 73% of the holdings are less than one hectare in size. -4- 1.12 Since practically all the cultivable land is already under cultivation, major expansion of production can come mainly from: (i) yield increases; (ii) increased cropping intensity. This will require both expansion of irrigation to new areas and more effective water use in the areas already under irrigation. The State accords a high priority to irrigation development as a means of raising both agricultural production and the incomes of the rural poor. 1.13 Irrigation Development. Bihar utilizable surface water resour- ces are estimated as following: M m3 North Bihar 49,853 South Bihar 13,994 Chotanagpur and Santhal Parganas Plateau 16,498 Total 80,345 By 1978, about 21 billion m3 (26% of the potential) was utilized through major and medium irrigation schemes.1/ In area terms it is estimated that about 6.5 M ha can be irrigated through medium and major projects, and by 1980 a potential of 2.45 M ha (38%) had been created 2/ by such projects. 3 1.14 Groundwiter potential is estimated at 41 billion m of which about 6 billion m (15%) has been utilized. In area terms irrigation potential from minor irrigation (minor surface schemes and groundwater) is estimated at 5.9 M ha and the potential created by 1980/81 was about 2.4 M ha (41%). Good yields of groundwater are available in North Bihar and in the Gangetic alluvial tracts of South Bihar. In the Chotanagpur/Santhal Pargana plateau, groundwater is available only in cracks and fissures in the underlying rock, and minor surface as well as lift irrigation schemes are the main source of minor irrigation. 1/ Irrigation schemes are classified as major (over 10,000 ha), medium (2,000-10,000 ha) and minor (below 2,000 ha). 2/ "Potential" is created when an irrigation system is constructed to the government outlet; the amount of potential created is equal to the cultivable area under command of the outlets, multiplied by the design irrigation intensity. -5- 1.15 As indicated the State accords a high priority to irrigation. Since the first Five Year Plan, this sector has continued to receive a large share of Plan allocation, currently about 30%. Bihar's irrigation development budget is the third largest among the States (after Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh). 1.16 Between 1969/70 and 1978/79 the rate of increase in irrigation potential created was about 5% p.a. However, actual utilization of sur- face irrigation has been well below the potential created, ranging from 66% to 77%. The main reasons for this poor performance are: a. Inadequate conveyance system. In many cases, dams have been built and water stored, but distribution systems were left incomplete with outlet command areas (chaks) ranging from 40 ha to over 100 ha. Because of this lag in the construction of the minor distribution systems, the water was preempted at the head of the system after water had become available in the larger canals. This, combined with the ability of influential groups to monopolize water, has resulted in large areas--especially at the tailend of the commands--being left unirrigated. b. Over optimistic design assumptions on crop water requirements and conveyance and irrigation losses, which have not been monitored under actual field conditions. This has led to a significant overestimation of the area that can be irrigated with the water available leaving a substantial gap between the areas for which canals were built and the areas which actually received water on a regular basis. The State of Orissa 1.17 Salient Features. The State of Orissa, covering some 15.5 M ha, is located in the Eastern Region on the bay of Bengal and has a common border with Bihar in the north for about 360 km. Its population of about 26.3 M is predominantly (89%) rural; the average population per vil- lage--about 410--is the smallest in the country and only si towns have a population greater than 50,000. Population density (169/km in 1981) is about 75% of the all-India average. About 39% of the population belong to scheduled tribes and castes, a proportion which is the largest among the States of India. About 60% of the population have incomes below the poverty line (US$90 per capita). Health and education stanards are below the all-Indian averages. Literacy rate is 34% and only 34 hospital beds and 24 doctors are available per 100,000 of population. 1.18 Orissa has vast forest and mineral resources. It ranks third in India in forest resources, with 40% of its land area under forests, and is rich in iron, chromite, manganese, coal, limestone and other minerals. Despite some recent progress Orissa still lacks the infrastructure to -6- develop its natural resources. Only about 30% of hydro-power potential is utilized and the total installed power capacity is 880 MW (hydro 72%, thermal 28%). Rural electrification made great progress during the 1970's. Electricity had reached about 40% of villages by the year 1981 compared to only 8% in 1971. The road network densit is about 74 km per 100 km and the railway network of 12.0 km per 100 km is about 40% lower than the national average. 1.19 The economy of the State centers on agriculture, which provides employment for 79% of Orissa's working population and accounts for 69% of the SDP. The contribution of industry has been low, 12% of SDP and 7% of employment, although the potential for further growth is high in view of the State's mineral and forest wealth. The SDP is highly vulnerable to vagaries of weather because the erratic distribution of rainfall often results in severe flooding and droughts. Economic growth in Orissa has been lagging behind the rest of India. Between 1970/71 and 1979/80, the SDP per capita has declined at an annual rate of 1.4% compared with growth of 1.6% for India as a whole. 1.20 The Agricultural Sector. On the basis of physical features and agro-climatic conditions, Orissa may be roughly divided into four zones: (i) the Northern Plateau (23% of the State's area) characterized by hill ranges rising to elevations of 600 m to 900 m above sea level; (ii) the Central Table Land (23%), generally flat with slightly undulating topog- raphy, rising to elevations of 1,000 ft; (iii) the Eastern Ghat Region (36%) with hill ranges along with some plains and valleys lying between them, with elevations of the plateaus ranging from 900 ft to 2,000 ft, and (iv) the Coastal Plain (18%) characterized by a number of deltas. Two types of soils are generally found in Orissa: residual soils of the uplands, and transported alluvial soils of the lowlands. Residual soils are predominantly lateritic, highly leached, acidic and low in nitrogen and organic matter. They tend to be shallow, sandy and erodible and have low water retention capacity. Transported soils are moderately fertile, less acidic and more productive than the residual soils and are suitable for paddy. The tropical monsoon climate is suitable for year round crop- ping. Annual rainfall ranges from about 1,200 mm in the southern Coastal Plain to about 1,700 mm in the Northern Plateau (para 3.04) and averages about 1,500 mm. Some 85% of rainfall occurs during the kharif season (June to October). 1.21 "Small" and "marginal" farmers (owning less than 2 ha) operate over 75% of the holdings but control less than 40% of the cultivable land while farmers with 5 ha or more account for only 7% of the holdings but control 35%. The individual holding is highly fragmented. Orissa has undertaken a land consolidation program which has progressed satisfac- torily. -7- 1.22 The net sown area is about 6.0 M ha (39% of the State area) of which 1.1 M ha (18%) is irrigated. Paddy is the predominant crop, cover- ing 70% of the cropped area, but yields are low, ranging from 1.0 tons/ha for rainfed kharif to 2.1 tons/ha for irrigated rabi paddy, respectively. High yielding paddy varieties account for most of the rabi crop but only for about 10% of the kharif crop. Other crops such as cereals other than paddy (7% of the cropped area), pulses (14%) and oilseeds (6%) are grown mostly in upland areas. The yields of most crops have virtually stagnated during the 1970s. 1.23 Irrigation Development. Orissa has abundant water resources that are largely undeveloped. Its extensive network of r vers, streams and drainage ways annually discharges about 100 billion m into the Bay of Bengal. In addition, the alnual flow of groundwater into the sea is estimated at some 30 billion m . Theoretically, these water resources could irrigate some 15 M ha. However, the potential for utilization of these resources is limited by a number of factors: (i) more than 80% of the surface flow occurs during the June-September period when the need for irrigation water is the lowest; (ii) topography is not conducive to the construction of major dams; (iii) inflows from upper riparian States are likely to be substantially reduced as a result of irrigation development; and (iv) about 80% of the groundwater resources are in the Coastal Plain which is already well served by surface irrigation systems. The ultimate irrigation potential and the part already developed, by source of irriga- tion, are summarized below: Ultimate Potential Potential Created 1978/79 Kharif Rabi Total Kharif Rabi Total ---------------------(M ha)---------------------- Major and Medium 0.705 0.338 1.043 2.25 0.90 3.15 Minor (flow) 0.288 0.041 0.329 Minor Lift 1.00 0.25 1.25 0.003 0.017 0.020 Wells 1.80 1.20 3.00 0.137 0.044 0.181 Total 5.05 2.35 7.40 1.133 0.440 1.573 1.24 Irrigation development started in the second half of the nineteenth century in the delta areas where about 150,000 ha were brought under kharif irrigation. During the first half of this century, the canal irrigated area remained virtually unchanged. However, since 1950 the Government of Orissa (GOO) has completed two major irrigation projects (Salandi and Hirakud) and substantially extended the Mahanadi delta sys- tem. Initially irrigation development was concentrated in the more -8- prosperous delta areas of large rivers. This resulted in uneven distribu- tion of irrigation benefits and regionally unbalanced growth. In order to correct this imbalance OO started around 1960 to construct a number of medium irrigation projects (MIP) throughout the State, particularly in areas where large scale irrigation and groundwater development are not feasible. Investment in irrigation has been given a high priority and currently accounts for about 28% of Plan allocation. Since the start of the Fifth Five Year Plan in 1974/75, the emphasis changed from major to medium projects, and OO has made a concerted effort to speed up implemen- tation. The proportion of irrigation sector expenditures on MIP increased from 41% in the Fourth Plan to 59% in the Fifth Plan. The planned propor- tion for MIP in the Sixth Plan is about 44%. 1.25 A further decline in the proportion of funds allocated to MIP is likely in the future since Orissa has several major dams and reservoirs which have been completed or will be completed in the near future (Ren- gali, Upper Kolab, Upper Indravati, Subernarekha). Most of these are multipurpose dams for power generation and irrigation, and power require- ments are often the dominant consideration in determining the timing of their construction. With the cost of constructing these dams becoming "sunk", development of the water conveyance network in the areas commanded by them will provide a higher return to investment than the MIP. Previous Bank Group Assistance 1.26 The Bank has assisted both Bihar and Orissa with the implementa- tion of several agricultural development projects. The Sone Irrigation Project (Credit 21-IN, 1962, US$15 M) in Bihar and the Salandi Irrigation Project (Credit 14-IN, 1961, US$8 M) in Orissa were amongst the first irrigation projects supported by the Bank Group in India. The Bank has supported development of minor irrigation in Bihar through Bihar Agricul- tural Credit Project (Credit 440-IN, 1973, US$32 M) and in both States through the series of ARDC general line of credit projects (ARDC I, II, & III). Following the Eastern States Foodgrain Review (1976) the Bank has launched extension and research projects in Bihar and Orissa (Credit 761-IN, 1977, US$8 M in Bihar and Credit 682-IN, 1977, US$20 M in Orissa). The BankBank has also assisted Orissa with development of medium irriga- tion through the Orissa Irrigation Development Project (Credit 740-IN, 1977, US$58 M) and is supporting construction of two new barrages on the Mahanadi River through the Mahanadi Barrages Project (Credit 1078-IN, 1981, US$83 M). Of the on-going projects, the progress of Bihar Extension Project (Credit 761-IN) has been especially slow. However, the Government of Bihar (GOB) has recently taken steps to expedite project implementa- tion. The progress of Credits 682-IN, 740-IN and 1078-IN has been satis- factory. A second phase of Credit 740-IN has been scheduled for FY83. -9- II. THE SUBERNAREKHA IRRIGATION SYSTEM Background 2.01 The Subernarekha is an interstate river flowing through the States of Bihar, West Benga and Orissa into the Bay of Bengal. Its catchment area is 18,950 km of which about 70% is in Bihar. In its lower reaches the river cannot carry the heavy flood discharges and frequently spills over its banks and inundates large areas (up to 100,000 ha) in West Bengal and Orissa. Development proposals for Subernarekha were submitted by GOB to GOI as early as 1973. However, plans could not be finalized until the riparian States had reached an agreement on the sharing of Subernarekha water. Negotiations between the States were concluded in a series of meetings between the Chief Ministers of Bihar, Orissa and West Bengal culminating in an agreement termed "The Tripartite Agreement" (TPA) which was signed in New Delhi on August 7, 1978. 2.02 The Tripartite Agreement. Under the TPA, the Subernarekha water will be shared as following: Mm3 1/ % Bihar 3,947 71 Orissa 1,480 27 West Bengal 124 2 Total 5,551 100 Other important TPA stipulations are: (i) the storage capacities and the relative entitlement of the participating States; (ii) the order of execution of the various components; (iii) the institutional arrangement for construction and regulation of the joint works; 1/ Refers to the estimated water potential at Kokpara (near the border between Bihar and Orissa, see Map IBRD 16235) at 75% dependability. -10- (iv) flood moderation arrangements; and (v) the sharing of the costs. The TPA is reprinted verbatim as Annex 1. Project Formulation and Objectives 2.03 Project Preparation. Assistance with project preparation was initially provided by the FAO/IBRD Cooperative Program. In 1979 GOB and GOO contracted the preparation of a feasibility report (completed August, 1981) to the Water and Power Consultancy Services (WAPCOS). WAPCOS is a GOI undertaking providing consultancy services in the spheres of planning and development of irrigation and associated activities. It has prepared feasibility reports for Bank-financed projects in India and has provided consultancy services in several developing countries. 2.04 Flexibility in Project Design. Project preparation was based on the best data and the most suitable technical solutions available at preparation time. However, completion of the entire Subernarekha Irriga- tion System (SIS) 1/ will take several years and during this period there will be considerable improvements in the state of knowledge of irrigation development aspects, which could benefit the SIS, resulting from: (i) extensive studies and pilot experiments which are being conducted throughout India as well as those which will be conducted under the project; and (ii) experience with the operation and maintenance of recent irrigation projects in India which were designed to improved standa.:ds. Better solutions to the following issues related to irrigation can be expected: (i) design of the minor system part of irrigation systems; (ii) extent of seepage losses; (iii) improved controls (including automatic controls) and utilization of system storage; (iv) type and extent of lining; (v) effect of lining on system operation and maintenance; (vi) operation of the irrigation system above the chak outlet; and (vii) organization of water distribution at chak and sub-chak level. In order to benefit from such findings and utilize them to continuously improve project design, the approach to design must be flexible. Thus, although provisional design decisions have been made for the whole system to enable its economic evaluation, only those related to components whose construc- tion will begin in the first phase can be regarded as final (e.g. dams, 1/ The term SIS refers here to the multiphase program for constructing and developing the irrigation system which will be implemented through several phases (projects) each covering a time-slice. The first time-slice (Phase I) described in this report is the project proposed for IDA support. -11- Galudih barrage, main canals). Project planners will have to take into consideration the uncertainty of future demand patterns for water. Since it is difficult (if possible at all) to project accurately future changes in cropping patterns and irrigation technology, design decisions should consider the need to make the system easily adaptable to changing require- ments (e.g. reuse of return flows, greater use of system storage, etc.). This will often involve only a small incremental cost. To facilitate flexibility in the utilization of water, canals have been planned for capacities which also take into account future changes in the cropping pattern. Organizational arrangements which will facilitate flexibility in design are outlined in para 6.28. 2.05 Objectives. The main objectives of the Subernarekha Irrigation System are to: (i) provide a reliable water supply for irrigation of about 255,000 ha of cultivable command area (CCA) in Bihar, Orissa and West Bengal 1/ (see para 2.10); (ii) provide water for industrial and municipal (I&M) use (mainly in Bihar); and (iii) reduce flood damage in Orissa and West Bengal. The SIS will increase considerably both the agricultural production (para 7.05) and the net incomes of cultivators and laborers in the project area (para 8.02). It will also facilitate development of both private and public sector enterprises. Being the first Bank supported irrigation project in Bihar (in recent years), it will provide an opportunity to influence irrigation development in this State since it is expected that design, operation and maintenance criteria developed in SIS will be util- ized also in other irrigation projects. SIS Components 2/ 2.06 The SIS main source of storage water will be two dams/reservoirs located in Bihar: (i) Chandil; and (ii) Ichha. The main components of SIS are shown in Map IBRD 16235 and briefly described below. 1/ West Bengal's share of the water is small, and will be sufficient for irrigating about 5,000 ha. 2/ The following hierarchy of water distribution network is used in this report: main canal, branch canal, distributary, minor, sub-minor, watercourse, and field channel. The sub-minor conveys the water to the 40 ha chak outlet from which watercourses deliver water to the 5-8 ha sub-chak outlet. The field channel conveys the water from the sub-chak outlet to individual holdings. The term "minor system" refers to the distribution network below the distributaries. -12- 2.07 Works Located in Bihar. These will include the following: a. Chandil Dam and Canals (i) Chandil Dam and reservoir (1,963 Mm 3) on the main stem of the Subernarekha River. It will store water for irrigating about 80,000 ha in Bihar and West Bengal, and for meeting requirement fsr industrial and municipal water (about 654 Mm at full development) of the Jamshedpur-Adityapur area in Bihar. It will also provide storage for flood moderation benefiting Orissa and West Bengal. (ii) Chandil Canals. the 134 km long Chandil Left Canal will supply water for irrigation and for I&M in Bihar and convey to West Bengal its share of water from Chandil reservoir. The 38 km long Chandil Right Canal will provide water for irrigation and I&M. Planning of this canal is at an initial stage. The implications of its integration in the system will be studied under the project (para 4.18). b. Ichha Dam and Canals (i) Ichha Dam and reservoir (1,042 Mm 3) on Kharkai River (a tributary of the Subernarekha River). The storage will be shared by Bihar (73.5%) and Orissa (26.5%). Biat share of the water will meet requirements for I&M (72 Mm ) and irrigation in the areas commanded by Ichha and Kharkai Barrage canals. Orissa's share will be released to Kharkai River and diverted at Galudih Barrage into Galudih Right Canal. (ii) Ichha Canals. Ichha right (32 km) and left (19 km) canals will supply water for irrigating about 60,000 ha and for I&M in Bihar. c. Galudih Barrage and Canals. The barrage will be constructed on the main stem of Subernarekha River, downstream of its confluence with Kharkai River. It will be operated in conjunction with Ichha and Chandil dams as a control structure diverting water into two canals: (i) the 63.4 km long Galudih Right (Link) Canal conveying water to the Orissa border and serving also direct outlets in Bihar; and (ii) Galudih Left Canal, 51 km long, providing water for irrigation and I&M in Bihar. d. Kharkai Barrage and Canals. The barrage which will be located on the Kharkai River will divert water to Kharkai Left and Right Canals for irrigation and I&M. As there will be ample water supply -13- in the first stages from Chandil and Ichha dams, its construction will be deferred to a subsequent phase. In the intermediate period Kharkai Barrage Right Canal's command area can be supplied either through Ichha Right Canal or from Chandil Dam through Chandil Right Canal. The optimal plan and timing for construction of the Kharkai Barrage and its canals will be studied under the project. 2.08 Works Located in Orissa. These will include: (i) the 35.6 km Subernarekha Main Canal which is the extension in Orissa of Galudih Right (Link) Canal; (ii) three command area storage reservoirs with the follow- ing planned active storage capacities: Mm3 Jambhira 216 Baura 250 Haldia 1/ 49 515 and (iii) a network of canals and minor distribution systems to serve about 90,000 ha.2/ 2.09 Works Located in West Benga . Under the TPA, West Bengal will be entitled to ths use of about 62 Mm (50,000 acre feet) per annum of which about 12 Mm (10,000 acre feet) will be conveyed free of charge through Chandil Left Canal and the balance will be used below 3Kokpara (on Bihar-West Bengal border). A storage capacity of about 31 Mm (25,000 acre feet) will be provided for West Bengal in the Chandil Dam to facilitate utilization of its share of the water. West Bengal's share should be sufficient for irrigating about 5,000 ha of CCA but plans for its utilization have not yet been finalized. SIS Irrigated Areas 2.10 The areas which will be irrigated by the Subernarekha Irrigation System, classified by canal system and by State are summarized below: Bihar CCA ('000 ha) Chandil Left Canal 63.3 Chandil Right Canal 12.1 Ichha Left Canal 15.9 Ichha Right Canal 44.3 Galudih Right Canal 2.8 Galudih Left Canal 6.0 Kharkai Barrage Canals 15.8 Total Bihar 160.0 1/ An existing reservoir which is to be enlarged. 2/ Orissa plans to ultimately extend irrigation to an additional area of about 24,000 ha (see Map IBRD 16235). -14- Orissa Subernarekha Main Canal 12.6 Betnoti Branch 21.9 Haldia Reservoir 4.2 Jambhira Reservoir 18.9 Baura Reservoir 32.4 Total Orissa 90.0 West Bengal 5.0 Total System 255.0 Flood Control 2.11 Floods in the lower reaches of Subernarekha River have been causing heavy damages in both Orissa and West Bengal almost every year. In the period 1965 to 1981 (16 years), significant flood damages occured in Orissa in 14 of the years (88%).1/ The area affected ranged from 2,550 to 64,400 ha (average 34,400 ha); the population affected ranged from 10,000 to 1,023,000 (average 277,000) and the value of damages ranged from Rs 1.2 M to Rs 92.7 M (average Rs 36.3 M in 1982 prices). 2.12 In 1972 GOI constituted a committee to examine proposals for flood control which were formulated by GOB, OO and GOWB. The committee studied alternative locations for flood moderation storages, flood modera- tion through embankments and a combination of storage reservoirs and embankments. It recommended a combination of flood storage in Chandil Dam and river embankments in West Bengal and Orissa (Report of the Suber- narekha Committee dated August 1973). 2.13 During the negotiations between the riparian States it had bee agreed that the Chandil Dam will have a flood storage capacity of 463 Mm (.375 million acre-feet) for "flood moderation benefits in West Bengal and Orissa" (Annex 1, para 2.2.1). In addition, Orissa and West Bengal agreed to discuss and plan for a simultaneous and co-ordinated execution of an embankment system in consultation with GOI (Annex 1, para 3.3) but this has not yet taken place. Cost and Finance 2.14 Estimates of construction costs (March 1982 prices) by com- ponent are summarized below: 1/ Data on Subernarekha flood damage in West Bengal was unavailable. -15- Rs M US$ M *Chandil Dam 1,235 137.2 Chandil Irrigation and Drainage System 1,630 181.1 *Ichha Dam a/ 825 91.7 Ichha Irrigation and Drainage System 635 70.6 Kharkai Barrage and Canals 455 50.6 *Galudih Barrage and Right Canal b/ 615 68.3 Galudih Left Canal and Distribution System 210 23.3 Orissa Works 1,755 195.0 Total Cost (excluding establishment costs) 7,360 817.8 * Joint components. a/ Bihar and Orissa are to share the cost in the proportion of 5.00:1.80. b/ Bihar and Orissa are to share the cost as following: Galudih Barrage - in proportion to the annual designed withdrawal by each; according to the Central Water Commission of GOI (CWC) this will amount to 86.2% Orissa and 13.8% Bihar. Galudih Right (Link) Canal - in proportion to cumec/km withdrawals; according to CWC estimate this will amount to 94% Orissa and 6% Bihar. Phasing 2.15 The SIS components are closely interdependent for two main reasons: (a) More than 50% of the command area can be supplied with water from either Chandil or Ichha dams. These include the areas to be served through the Galudih complex (including the entire Orissa part) and the area to be served by the Kharkai Barrage Right Canal (para 2.07). Thus efficient utilization of the water resources will require integrated planning, con- struction and operation of the entire system. (b) Since the riparian States do not have the same priorities for implementation of the main components, they have agreed that "the execution of the Kharkai 1/ and Chandil dams and Galudih barrage project along with the right bank canal up to Orissa 1/ Ichha dam is referred to in the TPA as "Kharkai dam". -16- border will be taken up together at a time" (Annex 1, para 2.3.4). In order to avoid long gestation periods both GOB and OO plan to allocate sufficient funds and manpower in order to complete the entire system in the shortest possible time. It is anticipated that by the end of year 9 (1990/91) the development of SIS will be sufficiently complete for water to reach most (about 85%) of the command area in Bihar. In Orissa water will reach most of the command area by the end of year 11. This would be feasible since Bihar, which will bear most of the cost, has one of the largest irrigation development budgets in India (para 1.15) and in both states the SIS would be the focal point of major irrigation development in the 1980s. 2.16 The proposed project will finance the first phase in the development of SIS consisting of a four-year time-slice. During this phase works will be mostly in Bihar and their magnitude will be con- strained mainly by the need to increase the engineering staff implementing the project (about four fold in the first phase). In order to complete the SIS in the shortest possible period it will be essential to proceed as expeditiously as possible with construction as soon as possible. Con- centration during the first phase will be on Chandil complex which is at the most advanced stage of preparation. The second area of concentration will be the Galudih complex which includes the key components for con- veyance of water to Orissa. Work will have to start also on the Ichha complex to ensure that it is completed on time to serve the area it com- mands. Similar priorities will carry over into the following phases. Such phasing will ensure a high level of economic viability (see sen- sitivity tests, para 8.08) and satisfy the TPA requirements. 2.17 The first phase will be an adequate time for conducting studies and investigations needed for planning the following phases, such as: (i) system design investigations (Kharkai Barrage, Chandil Right Canal and advantages of its linkage to the Kharkai system, etc.); (ii) planning and design details for the minor distribution system; (iii) operation and maintenance plans and estimates; and (iv) resettlement of displaced per- sons. 2.18 The estimated phasing of construction costs, block development and provision of irrigation is summarized below: -17- Construction Block Development Area Irrigated Costs a/ Started New Cumulative Year Rs M US$M Bihar Orissa Bihar Orissa Bihar Orissa --------------------( '000 ha ) ---------------- Pre 1982/3 196.1 21.8 1 160.1 17.8 2 259.5 28.8 3 357.0 39.7 7.1 4 (1985/6) 566.6 63.0 14.2 5 862.3 95.8 21.2 4.2 6 1,165.6 129.5 32.0 6.0 7 1,340.2 148.9 34.1 10.3 19.3 4.2 19.3 4.2 8 1,225.6 136.2 25.3 15.0 55.8 6.0 75.1 10.2 9 (1990/1) 924.4 102.7 21.7 20.0 34.1 10.3 109.2 20.5 10 658.6 73.2 3.8 20.0 25.3 15.0 134.5 35.5 11 271.1 30.1 14.5 21.7 20.0 156.2 55.5 12 (1993/4) 103.0 11.5 3.8 20.0 160.0 75.5 13 - - 14.5 - 90.0 Total 8,090.0 900.0 a/ In March 1982 prices; cost includes establishment and physical contingencies. Water Supply and Demand 2.19 The Subernarekha River and its tributaries in Bihar are the source of water for the SIS. Reservoir inflows have been estimated from rainfall-runoff correlations using stream gauging records for Subernarekha River. The period 1954-1978 1/ was used for computerized reservoir opera- tion studies and water balance computations which take into account upstream irrigation use, agricultural and I&M water demand, effective rainfall, evaporation and spills. Crop water requirements have been calculated in accordance with the methodology outlined in FAO Publication No. 26 utilizing the modified Penman method. The reservoir operation studies were based on the assumption that at full development stage the predominant kharif crop will be paddy whereas the rabi/hot weather crop- ping pattern will include a mix of wheat, gram, hot weather paddy, hot weather groundnuts and other crops. In the intermediate period between the beginning of irrigation and full development, water availability per ha of CCA will exceed full development allocation by up to 60% and a 1/ Rainfall records are available at several sites from 1954 on. -18- larger proportion of the area may be planted to hot weather crops which are water-intensive.1/ In general, the water supply is adequate to meet the projected full development water requirements in 9 out of 10 years. To ensure full utilization of water, availability of reservoir water will be assessed first in October to ascertain the rabi area which can be planted, and again in January to determine water allocation to hot weather crops. More details on water supply and demand are in Supplementary Data Volume (SDV) Annex 4. 2.20 Groundwater and reuse of return flows could have an important role ultimately in increasing areas irrigated from SIS facilities. Orissa has additional areas that can be served by gravity extensions and both states have additional areas within or adjacent to the project area that can be served by pump lifts. In most of the Bihar part development of groundwater will be limited to large diameter dug wells or dug-cum-borehole wells; tubewells could be developed in the Chakulia-Baharagora tract in the Southeast. 2.21 Water Quality. Chemical tests of surface waters in Subernarekha and Kharkai Rivers show excellent quality for irrigated agriculture pur- poses. Electrical conductivity is 400 to 500 micromhos/cm compared to a tolerance limit of 3,000; pH values, boron content, sodium absorption ratio and other water quality parameters are well within permitted limits. Groundwater in Bihar is also suitable for irrigation. Total dissolved solids approach 1,200 milligrams/1 and 1,200 micromhos/cm for electrical conductivity. Chlorides range up to 248 compared to acceptable limit of 600. The water in the three command area reservoirs in Orissa show elec- trical conductivity of 250 micromhos/cm or less and sodium absorption ratios of less than 0.40 compared to 2.0 for Subernarekha Rivers in Bihar at low river stages. The quality of groundwater in Orissa is well within acceptable limits for irrigation. Municipal and Industrial Wastewater Disposal 2.22 The Bihar part of the project area includes two major population centers and many smaller communities, few of which provide the inhabitants with domestic wastewater disposal systems. There is a significant industrial development, principally centered around Jamshedpur, whose industrial wastewater disposal practices have an impact on downstream water quality. While domestic wastewater would not pose a major threat to the quality of water for irrigation purposes, it should be treated before discharge to safeguard downstream domestic and industrial water users. 1/ However, adequate precautions will have to be taken to ensure that farmers are well aware of the temporary nature of such additional allocation of water (over full development allocation). -19- 2.23 Industrial wastewater, especially from the heavy industries in the Jamshedpur area, can be expected to contain substantial amounts of metals and other toxic materials and requires treatment. Most of the wastewater is produced by major industrial concerns which are already actively engaged in pollution abatement. A relatively small proportion of the wastewater is produced by small industrial enterprises (e.g. metal plating shops), who have neither the technical know-how nor the capital required to install adequate waste treatment facilities and therefore pose some danger to river water quality. On the basis of steps already taken as well as those planned (para 6.34), it appears likely that adequate effluent quality standards will be reached during the next three to four years. III. THE PROJECT AREA Location (Map IBRD 16235) 3.01 Bihar. The project area lies entirely in Singhbhum District in the Chotanagpur Plateau. It is bounded by the Chandil Left Canal in the Northwest, West Bengal in the Northeast and both West Bengal and Orissa in the East. The entire area is well connected by a network of roads and railways and approachable by air through Ranchi. The main towns are Jamshedpur and Chaibasa (District Headquarters). 3.02 Orissa portion lies mainly in Mayurbhanj District and to a lesser extent, in Balasore District. The area is bounded by Orissa-Bihar border and Subernarekha River in the north, the Burhabalang River on the west and the South Eastern Railway line. Baripada, the district head- quarters of Mayurbhanj and the only large town, is centrally located within the project command astride the Madras-Calcutta National Highway (N.H.) 5. Baripada is also connected with Calcutta by N.H. 6 and to Jamshedpur by N.H. 5. Climate (Table 2) 3.03 The climate is tropical with three distinct seasons: the kharif or wet season (June-October), the rabi or dry season (November-February) and the hot weather (March-May). The mean monthly temperature ranges from 18.9*C in January to 33.10C in May. Most of the rainfall occurs during the southwest monsoon period from mid-June to mid-October. The wettest month is August (315-376 mm in Bihar and 448 mm in Orissa) and the driest is December. The average annual rainfall in Bihar is 1,300 mm and in Orissa about 1,700 mm, of which about 90% falls in the wet season. There are considerable variations in both the amount and the distribution of the monsoon rainfall. Dry spells occuring during the monsoon may last as long -20- as 15 to 20 days and often cause substantial reduction in yields. Rain- fall during the dry season occurs in occasional showers and is inadequate for crop production. Topography 3.04 The Bihar command area lies at an elevation of 76-230 m above sea level and forms an inclined plain from east to west. The physical terrain of the area is undulating and broken by alternating ridges and depressions which for the most part form ditches and streams. The slope of the area varies extensively: about 90% of the area has slopes of less than 3% and the remaining 10% comprises undulating uplands having a slope of 3-8%. The Orissa command area lies at a much lower elevation than the Bihar area (15-90 meters) with gently undulating topography. The area is characterized by broad ridges intersected by narrow valleys with well-defined drainage channels becoming almost flat as the command area approaches the coastal plain. Most of the Orissa area has slopes of 1-5%. Some 60% of the project area have been bunded and land-shaped for rainfed paddy cultivation. Soils 3.05 The soils in the project area can be grouped into two types: (i) residual soils of the uplands and (ii) transported alluvial soils mainly in the lowlands of Orissa. The residual soils occupy most of the command areas in both Bihar and Orissa (over 90%). They are red and yellow laterites which are leached, acidic, and low in both organic matter and nitrogen. They tend to be shallow, erodible, somewhat sandy and have low water retention capacity. Land productivity is, therefore, con- strained by soil fertility and water holding capacity. However, with proper soil conservation measures and adequate use of fertilizers and manure to improve soil fertility, these soils will be suitable for both irrigated paddy and upland crops. The transported alluvial soils are moderately fine textured clay loams, less permeable and poorly drained. They are moderately fertile, less acidic and more productive than the residual soils. These soils are suited mainly for paddy cultivation. Population and Land Tenure 3.06 Population. The agricultural population in the project area is estimated at about 1.3 million of which about 800,000 are in the Bihar part and 500,000 in the Orissa part. The average family size is about 5. 3.07 Holding Size. The average farm-size is about 1.5 ha in both the Bihar and Orissa parts. Over 90% of the holdings are wholly-owned and self-operated. The distribution of holdings by size is shown in the following table: -21- Bihar Part Orissa Part Size Group (ha)a/ No. Area No. Area --------------------------- %----------------- Less than 0.5 46 7 19 4 0.5 - 1 17 9 27 12 1 - 2 14 13 30 34 2 - 3 8 13 12 17 3 -4 5 11 6 11 4 -5 3 9 3 7 5 -10 5 23 3 12 More than 10 2 15 * 3 Total 100 100 100 100 * Less than 0.5%. a/ Data from 1976/77; based on Singbhum District in Bihar and Mayurbhanj District in Orissa. The data indicate greater equity of land ownership in the Orissa part. While in both the Bihar and Orissa parts about 3/4 of the holdings are less than 2.0 ha in size, in the Bihar part nearly half the holdings (46%) are smaller than 0.5 ha and operate only 7% of the land. On the other hand, over one third of the land (38%) in the Bihar part is cultivated by 7% of the landholders operating 5 ha or more. In Orissa the corresponding proportions are 15% (land) and 3% (landholders of 5 ha +). 3.08 The Tribal Population. About 50% of the population in the project area belong to communities who have been enlisted as "Scheduled Tribes" in accordance with the provisions of Article 342 of the Constitu- tion of India. There are 30 Scheduled Tribes in Bihar and 62 in Orissa. The tribal people have had regular economic relationships with the non-tribal and generally reside in the same villages. Literacy rates of the tribal population are lower than the average for each State. In Bihar it is 17% for tribals compared with 20% for the entire State. In Orissa the corresponding proportions are 9.5% and 26%. Agriculture, especially arable farming, is the main occupation of the tribal people and about 90% of the tribal workers are engaged in agriculture. In both the States tribal people have customary forest rights and are allowed to take forest products free of royalties. The tribal people have been slow in adapting modern technologies and their standard of living has been generally lower than that of the rest of the population. 3.09 Both Bihar and Orissa have taken steps to prevent exploitation of the tribal population. Various acts and regulations forbid sale of land owned by tribals to non-tribals without approval of the District Collector, provide debt relief and forbid bonded labor. In both the -22- States there is a specific Five Year Sub-Plan for development of predefined areas having a high concentration of tribals. The main objec- tives of the Sub-Plan is to narrow the gap between the level of develop- ment of the tribal and other areas and to improve the quality of life of the tribal communities. It outlines development programs for agriculture and other sectors (including infrastructure) and for services. The bulk of the resources for the Sub-Plan is derived from each State's Plan funds. These are supplemented by special assistance from GOI which adds about 10% to the Sub-Plan allocation. The entire project area in both States is with the area covered by the Sub-Plan. Present Cropping Pattern 3.10 In both the Bihar and Orissa parts of the project area, farming is mainly limited to the kharif season utilizing monsoon rains.1/ Paddy which is the most important crop, is grown on the terraces or low-lying areas where the soils are relatively heavier. There are early and late kharif paddies. Early paddy (autumn paddy) is grown on uplands or on the terraces. It is broadcast dry at the beginning of monsoon rains and harvested in September. Late paddy (winter paddy) is either broadcast or transplanted. The broadcast crop is sown in mid-June mainly in the upper terraces and harvested towards the end of October and the beginning of November. Transplanting of the late crop, is practised mainly in the low-lying area; it is planted in late July and is harvested in December and January. In a typical year kharif paddy is grown on about 57% and 87% of the Bihar and Orissa areas respectively. Other kharif crops include maize, pulses, vegetables and other crops and occupy about 5% in Bihar and 9% in Orissa. During the rabi season, only a limited area (4% in Bihar, 7% in Orissa) is under cultivation due to low soil moisture and inadequate post-monsoon rains. These include wheat, potato, gram and, to a smaller extent, oilseeds and groundnut. The present cropping intensity in the project area is about 66% in the Bihar part and 103% in the Orissa part of the project area. Input Use 3.11 Present use of fertilizers is minimal and limited mostly to paddy, wheat and vegetables. According to local statistics, in 1980/81 only about 310 tons (in nutrient) of fertilizers was supplied to Bihar and 1/ There are a number of minor irrigation schemes in the areas which were originally designed to irrigate some 9,000 ha in Bihar and 7,000 ha in Orissa during the kharif season. However, they now irrigate only about 15% of their design areas due to design deficiencies as well as poor operation and maintenance. Crops grown in these areas receive less than the optimal amount of water required for good growth. -23- 400 tons to Orissa areas an average of 2.2 kg and 4.3 kg per ha, respec- tively. The use of plant protection chemicals is negligible except for limited application of insecticides to vegetables and paddy. Only about 5% of the farmers use good quality seeds (paddy, wheat and maize) and the rest meet their seed requirements from previous harvests or purchase from neighbors. The project area is well provided with draft animals. On the average, there is one pair of bullock per ha of cultivated land. Crop Yields 3.12 Most of the paddies grown in the project area consist of local varieties producing low yields. For autumn paddy, the farmers use early maturing coarse grain varieties (Gora and Bala) which yield between 0.6-0.9 t/ha. Yields of local winter paddy varieties (Pankaj, Jagarnath, etc.) vary considerably from year to year, averaging 1.3 t/ha in years with good rainfall but less than 1.0 t/ha in less favorable years. For these paddies, the use of fertilizers and plant protection chemicals is limited. Some high yielding varieties (Ratna, Jaya and Sita) are grown on a limited area but their yields, ranging Detween 1.6-1.8 are below their potential, mainly due to the dependency on rainfall and poor cultural practices. Hybrid maize (GS2 and GS5) and some composite varieties (Ganga 5 and Vijaya) have been grown in the area since the early 1970's. Yields of maize are low at 0.7 t/ha due to inadequate use of fertilizers and plant protection chemicals. High yielding varieties of wheat have recently been introduced into the area but since many farmers are not yet familiar with its cultural practices and varieties, the yields are low ranging between 1.0-1.4 t/ha. Pulses are grown for home consumption and their low yields (about 0.5 t/ha) offer scope for improvement. In general as farmers have to rely mostly on rainfall, they tend to use local varieties, practice traditional cultural methods, and apply limited amount of fertilizers and plant protection chemicals. As a result the yields of most crops are low. IV. THE PROJECT Scope and Objectives 4.01 The project will finance the first phase of 6IS covering a four-year time-slice of the irrigation development works and associated activities. The overall long-term objectives of SIS are summarized in para 2.05. The specific objectives of the first-phase are to: (i) achieve the physical targets assigned to the project; (ii) establish the institutional framework and build up the Irrigation Department estab- lishment required for implementation of the works located in Bihar (includ- ing the joint components); and (iii) carry out studies and technical investigations to provide answers and technical solutions required for the -24- preparation of follow-up phases. As indicated, the emphasis of construc- tion activities will be on the Chandil and Galudih complexes which together will account for over 70% of the project cost (see discussion on phasing in paras 2.15 and 2.16). 4.02 Project Components. The principal components financed under the project time-slice would be (% to be completed by project end is in brack- ets): (a) Chandil Complex: Chandil Dam (50%) and Chandil Left Canal (30%). (b) Ichha Complex: Ichha Dam (20%) and Ichha Canals (20%). (c) Galudih Complex: Galudih Barrage (36%) and Galudih Right (Link) Canal (22%). (d) Kharkai Barrage Canals: Construction work on three distri- butaries amounting to about 18% of the total cost of Kharkai Barrage Right Canal. (e) Minor Distribution System Block Development: About 21,000 ha at various stages of construction. (f) Pilot Irrigation Areas: About 250 ha each in Bihar and Orissa. (g) Training: Establishment of facilities for training in minor system development and water management in Bihar and Orissa (paras 6.09 and 6.10). Training of displaced persons (para 6.19). (h) Water Pollution Control: Quality monitoring stations, laboratory equipment and training of sanitary engineers (para 6.36). (i) Monitoring and Evaluation, Studies and Research. Detailed Features 4.03 Chandil Dam (para 2.07 a(i)) would be a 55.2 m high 720 m long composite dam on the Subernarekha River. The spillway is a concrete overflow section 228 m long with concrete or rock masonry non-overflow sections and earth flank dams on eaSh side. The gross storage capacity would be 1,963 Mm , of which 204 Im would be "inactive storage", 463 Mm for flood moderation and 1,296 Mm "active" (conservation) storage. The latter is about 37% of the average runoff under present conditions (45% with projected upstream depletions). During the project period, the -25- concrete/masonry sections and the earth flank dams would be started and brought to 50% completion status. A contract for 12 15.0 x 15.0 m radial gates would also be awarded. 4.04 Chandil Left Canal (para 2.07 a(ii)). The Chandil Left Canal is a contour canal 134.4 km long with head discharge of 84.1 cumecs. The four sections (out of a total of 13 sections) of the canal which will be undertaken under the project are in rough terrain involving difficult side hill construction. 4.05 Galudih barrage (para 2.07 c) would be a gated diversion struc- ture 436.0 m long with 25 gates 15.25 x 7.62 m size located on the Suber- narekha River some 60 miles upstream of the Bihar/Orissa border. Con- struction of access road and construction camp is underway. Award of contract is scheduled for October, 1983 and construction is scheduled for completion in May, 1989. About 40% of the base concrete structure and 10% of the gate fabrication will be completed under the project. 4.06 Galudih Right (Link) Canal (para 2.07 c) taking off from Galudih Barrage enroute to Orissa border will be 63.4 km long and its head dis- charge will be 111.6 cumecs. Some 25% of the earthwork and 10% of the lining and structures would be completed under the project. 4.07 Ichha Dam (para 2.07 b(i)) would be a 38.4 m high composite dam, 1,216 m long in the river section of which 301.2 m would be spillway. In addition to the main dam there are five earth saddle dams (or dykes) of varying heights aggregating 6,017 m in lngth along the abutments. The3 gross storage capacity would be 1,042 Mm and the active storage 925 Mm which is 87% of the average river flow after accounting for upstream depletions. Camp buildings and utilities and access road construction would be completed during the project period and a start (about 14%) made on the masonry dam sections and one saddle dam. Completion (exclusive of spillway gates) is scheduled for 1989/90 which is also the scheduled completion date for Chandil Dam. Construction work on access road and buildings have started. 4.08 Ichha Canals (para 2.07 b(ii) would obtain water from separate headworks located in saddles on the abutments of Ichha Dam. The 19.2 km long Left Canal with a head discharge of 18.0 cumec will feed into the existing Roro Canal system presently fed by a diversion weir on Roro River. This existing system will be expanded and modernized to project design standards. The Right Canal will be 32 km long (head discharge 48.0 cumec) with one large distributary (Haldipekhar - 18.2 km) and six smaller distributaries. Excavation works in about 25% of the right canal and 35% of the left canal will be completed by the end of the project. 4.09 Construction will begin on the 103.5 km long Murakati dis- tributary (a distributary of Kharkai Barrage Right Canal, see para 2.07 d) -26- which will run along the right side of Galudih Right Canal up to the Bihar-Orissa border and serve about 9,000 ha. The area served by this distributary has a high concentration of tribals (para 3.08) and its early development would be essential to reduce local opposition to land acquisi- tion for Galudih Right (Link) Canal (since it would mainly serve Orissa). Construction will start also on the Jadugoda and Marda distributaries of Kharkai Right Canal. The three distributaries will be supplied initially from the Ichha system (through Edal distributary of Ichha Right Canal) and at a later stage from Kharkai Barrage (para 4.18). 4.10 Block Development and Drainage. The minor irrigation distribu- tion system below main branch and distributary canals consists of minors, and subminors down to the 40 ha government outlet, watercourses from there to the 5-8 ha sub-chak outlet and field channels to individual holdings. Typically a block (2,500 to 4,000 ha) corresponds to the jurisdiction of an Irrigation Department O&M section. All the work in a block will be completed before it is turned over (after a commissioning period) to the operating sections of the Irrigation Department. During the project time-slice about 21,000 ha of block development works will be either completed or at various stages of construction. 4.11 Zh implementation sequence in each block would be as following: (i) alignment surveys for distributary canals and farm link roads; (ii) planning and construction of roads (where needed, road works should be completed at least one year before the beginning of block development works); (iii) planning and construction of sub-distributary and minor canals with concurrent detailed topographic survey; (iv) planning and construction of the subminors and watercourses down to the sub-chak out- let; (v) construction of buildings and a radio communication system for the canal management and agricultural extension staff; and (vi) completion of lining of network channels down to the sub-chak level after 12 months of weathering. Design and construction of chak drains (field and collec- tor) will proceed concurrently with that of the irrigation channels. Since most of the area is already bunded, it is expected that only minimal work will be required for area development items such as land clearing, the demolition of existing bunds, land levelling/shaping, construction of new guide bunds and construction of on-farm irrigation and drainage ditches. To the extent that such works will be necessary they will be accomplished by farmers using their own resources with assistance from the Irrigation and Agriculture Departments. 4.12 The drainage system will be designed to provide surface drainage during the kharif season and to lower the groundwater table sufficiently after paddy harvesting to permit planting of rabi crops by November. It will consist mostly of open channels with exposed water surface, except in low-lying areas susceptible to waterlogging (not more than 6% of the CCA). In such areas the method of drainage used will be area and crop specific, -27- and may include lowering of the water table by pumping, through open channels, or through buried pipe or tile drains. 4.13 Pilot Irrigation Areas. Pilot irrigation areas would be estab- lished in Bihar and Orissa on about 250 ha in each State. The pilot areas will serve the following purposes: (a) Trial and demonstration of layouts for minor distribu- tion systems (below the outlet from the minor canal). (b) Evaluation of distribution system performance and cultivator acceptance. (c) Evaluation of alternative materials and methods of construction of watercourse lining and control structures. (d) Assessment of cultivator groups ability to manage water distribution within the chak and the government assistance required for their organization. (e) Demonstration of improved water management practices for those cultivators who will receive canal supply early in the second phase. (f) Staff training in minor system design and organization of water distribution (under the training program for minor system development, see paras 6.09 and 6.10). 4.14 In Bihar, water supply to the pilot area(s) will be through pumping from the river and several locations which may be suitable have been identified. In Orissa the pilot area will be supplied from the Haldia reservoir. It is expected that in both states irrigation in the pilot areas will begin in year 2. Responsibility for evaluation of the pilot areas results will be as following: Bihar - the Planning and Monitoring Cell (para 6.28); Orissa - the extension service of the Agriculture Department. 4.15 Monitoring, Studies and Investigations. Provisions have been made for the establishment of a Planning and Monitoring Cell (paras 6.28 to 6.30) including the cost of incremental staff, vehicles and equipment (including data processing equipment). Provisions have been made for the following studies and investigations: Bihar: (a) System Operation and Maintenance (para 6.27). -28- (b) Socio-economic base-line survey (para 6.29). (c) System improvements (para 4.18). (d) Rehabilitation Evaluation (para 6.20). Orissa: (a) System Operation and Maintenance (para 6.27). (b) Preparation of Master Plan for integrated development of ground and surface resources and drainage (para 4.17). Cost details are in Table 4j. 4.16 Irrigation and Drainage Master Plan (Orissa). The Orissa part of the project area has a considerable scope for development of groundwater resources and reuse of return flows. The form of groundwater development, whether through private wells or through augmentation with the canal system, will have important design implications. Full utiliza- tion of the groundwater resources may enable larger than presently anticipated areas to be served and could reduce both the peak requirement for canal capacity and the storage requirement in the command area reser- voirs. Groundwater could also provide water for early sowing of paddy nurseries and reduce the need for retaining carry-over supplies in the reservoirs. Drainage is another important aspect affecting design. There are potential drainage problems in about 10 percent of the area. It would be essential to consider all these factors before plans for the irrigation distribution system have been finalized. 4.17 The project provides (Table 4j) for preparation of a comprehen- sive master plan for irrigation and drainage (IDMP) for the Orissa part of the project area. Preparation of the plan would involve detailed inves- tigations leading to: (i) assessment of the exact potential and iden- tification of groundwater locations; (ii) determination of alternative ways for developing groundwater including comparison of costs and benefits; (iii) determination of the areas requiring drainage improvement and preparation of cost estimates for drainage works; (iv) identification of additional areas which can be brought under irrigation; and (v) deter- mination of irrigation development priorities. As a part of these inves- tigations a network of observation wells will be installed tc monitor groundwater movements. The Irrigation and Power Department of GOO will be responsible for preparation of the IDMP. An agreement has been reached with GOO that it would prepare by December 31, 1984 an irrigation and drainage master plan under terms of reference agreed with IDA, 4.18 System Improvement Investigations. The main purpose of these investigations will be to analyze the optimal location, design and timing of construction of the works described below: -29- (a) Kharkai Barrage. The barrage (para 2.07 d) is required to ensure a full utilization by Bihar of its water share. However, reservoir operation studies indicate that since there will be ample water supply during the initial years from both Chandil and Ichha reservoirs it may be preferable to postpone the construction of the barrage and supply its canals for an interim period from alternative sources (e.g. Ichha system). (b) Chandil Right Canal (para 2.07 a). The proposed canal will increase the area served from Chandil Dam and could partially replace the Kharkai Left Canal. Moreover, it can be linked to the Kharkai Right Canal, and this will increase the flexibility of reservoir operation since it will enable to supply the Kharkai Right Canal area (about 15,000 ha) from Chandil Dam. (c) Galudih Left Canal. This canal will serve a major industrial complex as well as a relatively small agricultural area. It will enable Bihar to realize a greater utilization of the Subernarekha water, but since ample water will be available from Chandil Left Canal during the initial years its construc- tion may also be delayed without loss of benefits. The investigations will be coordinated with the O&M study (para 6.27) and include comparisons of costs and benefits and calculation of Net Present Values for alternative technical solutions. The Subernarekha Project Unit (para 6.05) will be responsible for conducting the system improvement investigations. Agreement has been reached with GOB that it would conduct system improvement studies under terms of reference and methodology agreed with IDA, and complete such studies by December 31, 1983. 4.19 Irrigation Research Center (Bihar). The project will finance the establishment of an irrigation research center in the Regional Research Station which is being established near Galudih Barrage by the Birsa Agricultural University. Irrigation research activities will emphasize the following: (i) crop water requirements; (ii) ways to increase irrigation efficiencies at farm level; (iii) design of water distribution system at sub-chak (5 to 8 ha) level; and (iv) study crops and new varieties which may be suitable under local conditions. The Irrigation Research Center will establish close contacts with other research centers in India. Roads (SDV, Annex 8) 4.20 An adequate network of roads would be essential to facilitate construction and to reach the level of benefits assumed in this report. Both GOB and GOO are aware of the importance of adequate roads and plan to allocate sufficient resources for road construction. During the project -30- period construction works will be located exclusively in the Bihar part, mostly in concentrated areas (Chandil Dam, Galudih Barrage, etc.) which are adequately served by National Highways 33 and 6 and subsidiary roads. Therefore, construction of new roads and improvement of existing ones during this project time-slice will be required mainly to support works scheduled for the beginning of the second phase and to connect the areas first to be brought under irrigation with the main roads. 4.21 The implementation schedule for the road network will require careful planning and close coordination with the construction of the irrigation network. Because of budget allocation considerations GOB prefers not to include the road program under the project but to finance it under the Tribal Sub-Plan (para 3.09). Agreements have been reached with GOB that it would: (i) by December 31, 1982 prepare a plan agreed with IDA for development of project roads during the project implementa- tion period; (ii) execute such a plan in coordination with the irrigation development works; and (iii) by December 31, 1984 prepare a comprehensive road development plan for the entire Bihar part of the SIS. Design Criteria (SDV, Annex 9). 4.22 The entire distribution system will be lined except in reaches where tests and observations would indicate that lining would be uneconomical. Lined channels are generally prefered to unlined ones because: (i) lining reduces seepage losses; (ii) in many cases lining is the most cost-effective technology, especially because lined channels require a smaller channel section and therefore acquisition of less land; (iii) it is easier to control weeds and maintain the stability of the banks; (iv) it is more difficult to take water from undesignated places in lined channels; and (v) there is usually less spillage and leakage and undesirable ponding of water in the canal sections is reduced. The economic analysis of lining (para 8.06) indicates that lining will be economically viable. However, the flexible approach to project design which will be used in this project (para 2.04) implies that both the justification for lining and the best method to line should be con- tinuously reviewed in the light of new findings and experience gained both in the project and elsewhere. 4.23 Lining in beds would be in-situ concrete to take advantage of easy curing and ease in establishing bottom grades. Precast concrete (PCC) block lining is preferable for all side lining because of the dif- ficulties in ensuring continuous and proper curing of concrete. Blocks are to be set in 15 to 20 mm of rich mortar placed on a polythene sheet. For main and branch canals the blocks would be sandwiched with a further layer of mortar between the two courses of blocks. Lining would extend at least 20 cm into the banks for top protection. Bricks would be a suitable alternative lining method in areas where bricks are readily and economi- cally obtainable. In brick lining of watercourses and sub-minors, a -31- rectangular section is normally designed and constructed, whereas with blocks the section would be trapezoidal. Generally, in-situ lining would be at least 75 mm thick if 1:3:6 mix or thicker if 1:4:8 mix. Selected "murum" backfill (cohesive non-swelling material) would be required and in prescribed thicknesses where canal alignment passes through expansive clay soils. Drainage arrangements behind lining may be necessary only in locations where the groundwater is above the canal bed. Dam Safety 4.24 Both WAPCOS and IDA have reviewed the investigation procedures and design criteria during preparation and appraisal stages, and found no significant deficiencies. Improvements have been recommended and these will be implemented. To ensure that prescribed methods and criteria are being met during construction and later in operation stages, a panel of experts will be constituted by GOB. Agreements have been reached with GOB that: (i) it would by December 31, 1982 set up and maintain thereafter a Dam Review Panel with qualifications, experience and terms of reference acceptable to IDA, to review the plans and designs of each dam and their associated structures prior to contract award, and as often as necessary thereafter to determine whether any design changes are necessary 1/ and whether there are any grounds for concern as to dam safety; and (ii) after construction, have the dams and related structures inspected periodically to ensure that there are no operation and maintenance deficiencies that might endanger the safety of the structures. 4.25 The Panel should be considered as a review body of technical experts whose judgment and opinions on issues of design and operational procedures would carry considerable weight in the evaluation of proposed actions. Implementation Schedule (Tables 4 & 5, Charts IBRD 23567 & 23568 and Chart 4) 4.26 The project would be implemented over four years, from April 1, 1982, to March 31, 1986 and an additional period of 12 months would be allowed for completion of disbursements. The main construction period is from October to May, although certain activities can continue throughout the monsoon season. 4.27 Initial water delivery from Chandil Reservoir is projected for 1988/89 which is the third year after completion of the project time-slice (project year 7). Block development will take at least one year for surveys, layout and design, two years for construction and one year for 1/ Especially critical is the time after foundation exploration and before embankment placement. -32- commissioning. Therefore, in order to have a sizeable area ready at the time water becomes available, block development should begin at an early stage. Work in the following blocks would start in the project time-slice: Area Started (ha) Chandil Left Canal - Reaches 1, 2 and 3 9,600 Ichha Left Canal - Blocks 1, and 2 6,200 Ichha Right Canal - Block 1 2,300 Kharkai Barrage Right Canal Distributaries - Block 1 3,200 4.28 Construction of the Chandil Left Canal will progress as fast as possible. Every effort would be made to accelerate construction since this canal is the major constraint in making use of the water as it becomes available in Chandil Dam. As indicated (para 4.04) the alignment of this canal is in a difficult area, especially the first four sections and this will initially limit the speed of construction. It is expected that a sufficient number of qualified contractors will be available to undertake the works. However, progress could be constrained by preparatory activities such as alignment and cross section surveys, detailed design and quantity computations, land acquisition and tendering. 4.29 Status of Project Preparation. The design of the dams and barrages has been entrusted to the Central Water Commission of GOI (CWC). The CWC has designed a large number of dams and barrages which makes it one of the most experienced agencies in the world in design of such struc- tures, especially for labor intensive construction methods. Final plans and designs for Chandil Dam have been completed and tendering will take place following negotiations. Construction problems should be minimal as the bedrock in the river section is exposed. The design of Galudih Bar- rage is at an advanced stage and tendering is scheduled for October 1983. While awaiting completion of final designs, GOB has proceeded with con- struction of access roads, construction camps and other preconstruction activities. These are largely completed for Chandil Dam including a submersible bridge below the dam area. GOB has also awarded 3 contracts for foundation excavation in the earth flank areas adjacent to the river section. Preconstruction work at Galudih Barrage site has been initiated but is considerably less advanced than at Chandil Dam. 4.30 Geological explorations have not yet been completed for Ichha Dam and likewise materials exploration and testing. The final plans and designs are expected to be completed about June, 1983. Preconstruction work on access road and construction of buildings has started. 4.31 Detailed design and contract documents are completed for several segments within the first 25 km in the head reach of Chandil Left Canal -33- and bids for a number of dis-connected reaches were advertised in December 1981. The obtainment of right-of-way on forest land and the acquisition of private land has been a source of delay to orderly progress of canal construction. This is now being resolved by the posting of additional Land Acquisition officers. The schedule for construction tendering proposes packaging slices in a large enough number and aggregate volume to attract large contractors who are experienced in this relatively difficult construction work. In an improvement over previous construction prac- tices, the prime contractor doing excavation work will be responsible for the in-situ concrete bed lining as well as the pipe and box-culvert type cross drainage structures which go under the bed. V. COST ESTIMATES AND FINANCIAL ARRANGEMENTS Cost Estimates 5.01 Total project cost is estimated at Rs 1,640 M (US$182 M). Taxes and duties included in this estimate are negligible. The foreign exchange component is estimated at Rs 284 M (US$31.4 M) which is about 17% of the total cost. Physical contingencies, which were estimated separately for each item range from 10 to 20% and average 16% of the base cost. The estimates are based on March 1982 prices. Price contingencies, which account for about 23% of the base cost are based on expected inflation rates (same rates for local and foreign expenditures) of 10% in 1981/82, 8.5% in 1982/83, 8.0% in 1983/84, 7.5% in 1984/85, 7% in 1985/86 and 6% thereafter. Cost estimates are detailed in Tables 4a to 4p and summarized in the following table: -34- % of % of (Rupees Million) (US$ Million) Foreign Total Local Foreign Total Local Foreign Total Exchange Base Cost A. CHANDIL COMPLEX Dam 270.9 59.6 330.5 30.1 6.6 36.7 18.0 27.1 Canals 183.4 47.9 231.2 20.4 5.3 25.7 20.7 19.0 Irrigation Distribution and Drainage Blocks 15.8 3.0 18.8 1.8 0.3 2.1 16.0 1.5 Sub-Total Chandil Complex 470.1 110.5 580.6 52.3 12.2 64.5 19.0 47.6 B. ICHHA COMPLEX Dam 100.5 33.0 133.6 11.2 3.7 14.8 24.7 11.0 Canals 76.8 16.4 93.2 8.5 1.8 10.4 17.6 7.7 Irrigation Distribution and Drainage Blocks 2.6 0.5 3.1 0.3 0.0 0.3 16.0 0.3 Sub-Total Ichha Complex 179.9 50.0 229.9 20.0 5.5 25.5 21.7 19.0 C. KHARKAI BARRAGE COMPLEX Canals 27.7 8.1 35.7 3.0 0.9 3.9 22.6 2.9 Irrigation Distribution and Drainage Blocks 6.8 1.3 8.1 0.8 0.1 0.9 16.0 0.7 Sub-Total Kharkai Complex 34.4 9.4 43.8 3.8 1.0 4.8 21.4 3.6 D. GALUDIH COMPLEX Barrage 54.5 12.5 67.0 6.0 1.4 7.4 18.6 5.5 Right Canal 100.4 24.9 125.3 11.2 2.8 13.9 19.9 10.3 Sub-Total Galudih Complex 154.9 37.4 192.3 17.2 4.2 21.4 19.4 15.8 E. ESTABLISHMENT COSTS 147.5 - 147.5 16.4 - 16.4 - 12.1 F. MONITORING, EVALUATION AND STUDIES 2.2 0.4 2.6 0.2 0.1 0.3 16.0 0.2 G. RESEARCH 2.4 0.5 1.8 0.2 0.0 0.2 16.0 0.1 H. PILOT IRRIGATON AREAS 3.4 0.6 4.1 0.4 0.1 0.5 16.0 0.3 I. TRAINING 11.8 2.2 15.0 1.4 0.3 1.7 16.0 1.2 J. POLLUTION CONTROL 0.8 0.2 1.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 16.0 0.1 Total BASELINE COSTS 1,007.4 211.2 1,218.6 112.0 23.4 135.4 17.3 100.0 Physical Contingencies 109.1 25.5 134.6 12.1 2.8 14.9 19.0 11.0 Price Contingencies 237.2 46.9 284.1 26.4 5.2 31.6 16.5 23.3 Total PROJECT COSTS 1,353.7 283.6 1,637.3 150.5 31.4 181.9 17.3 134.4 -35- Financing 5.02 The proposed IDA credit of US$127 M would finance about 70% of total project cost, including the foreign exchange component of US$31 M and about 60% of the local cost. All the expenditures would be met by GOB (about 71%), GOO (about 28%) and GOWB (about 1%) from their development budget which includes a GOI contribution. The credit would be made to GOI on standard IDA terms. An agreement has been reached with GO, that it would make the proceeds of the credit available to GOB, GOO and GOWB on GOI's standard terms and arrangements for development assistance to the States. Agreements have been reached with GOB and GOO that they would (i) provide sufficient funds and materials to execute the project, in accord- ance with the four-year project implementation program; and (ii) complete the entire project as soon as technically and financially feasible after the credit had been disbursed. Procurement 5.03 Works. Works financed under the project would cost about US$108.0 M excluding engineering and administration costs. Wherever possible they would be grouped in appropriate bidding packages in order to facilitate competition among potential bidders. About 85% of the works will be procured under competitive bidding procedures, as shown below: (a) International Competitive Bidding (ICB). The construction of major dams and canals totalling approximately US$55 M, excluding engineering and administrative costs, or about 50% of the works would be procured by ICB in contracts valued at US$5 M or more. Eligible domestic bidders would be entitled to a preference of 7-1/2%. (b) Local Competitive Bidding (LCB). These procedures will be used to procure about US$37 M (35%) of minor works, each costing less than US$5.0 M, which will be scattered throughout the pro- ject area. Such works are not likely to be of interest to foreign bidders, but they would not be precluded from bidding. (c) Other Works. These works accounting to about US$16 M (15%) would be individually small and scattered, and their implemen- tation would be governed by weather conditions and the need to minimize interference with vital agricultural operations. There- fore, they will not be suitable for either ICB or LCB tendering and would be carried out under small piece-work or rate contracts. When required by safety or quality considerations or when the quantities of work are difficult to estimate in advance, such works may be implemented by GOB's departmental forces. Procurement schedules for civil works are in Table 5. -36- 5.04 On-going Contracts. In order to meet the project implementation targets, GOB has awarded some contracts prior to credit effectiveness. Works under these contracts which will be incomplete by April 1, 1982, will be eligible for finance under the project, provided that: (i) the cost of the contract is Rs 100,000 (US$11,000) or more; (ii) it was let after appraisal (December 1, 1981); and (iii) the tender arrangements were reviewed by IDA and found to be satisfactory. The amount of retroactive finance would not exceed US$6.0 M. 5.05 Goods. The total cost of goods to be financed under the project is estimated at US$12.0 M. All the goods will be procured using competi- tive bidding procedures. Heavy equipment and heavy vehicles costing approximately US$5.5 M (46%), would be grouped in appropriate bidding packages and procured through ICB. Qualified domestic manufacturers would receive a preference in bid evaluation of 15% of CIF price or the import duty, whichever is lower. Light equipment, vehicles and various instru- ments costing US$6.5 M (54%), would be procured under LCB procedures which are acceptable since there is adequate domestic competition and local prices are reasonable. These goods would be purchased over four years in lots too small to attract foreign competition. Furthermore, because of local servicing capabilities and spare parts supply facilities, local procurement of such goods will be advantageous. Equipment and vehicles required for construction are listed in Table 4o. 5.06 Standard Bid Documents. The CWC of GOI has recently developed standard ICB and LCB documents and procedures for procurement of both works and goods that have been approved by the Bank. The GOB has adopted these documents and procedures and will use them under the project. 5.07 Contract Review. After the credit becomes effective, all bid- ding packages for works estimated to cost US$0.5 M equivalent or more and for goods costing US$100,000 equivalent or more would be subject to IDA prior review. These will account for at least 80% of the procurement value of works. The remaining contracts would be subject to IDA post-review. Disbursements 5.08 Disbursements under the credit would be made against: (a) Works - 80% (b) Vehicles and equipment (including monitoring equipment): (i) directly imported - 100% of foreign expenditures; (ii) locally manufactured - 100% of ex-factory cost; and -37- (iii) other locally procured - 70%; (c) Studies, monitoring, research, pilot areas, training and pollution control - 99%. Disbursements for force account work and for payments of less than Rs 300,000 under civil works contracts and Rs 150,000 for equipment, instru- ments and vehicles would be made against certificates of expenditures, itemized by sub-project. Documentation for these works would be retained by the government concerned, audited annually by independent auditors excepted to IDA and made available for inspection by IDA during review missions. Full documentation would be required for all other disburse- ments. The estimated schedule of expenditures, the semi-annual disburse- ment schedule and the proposed allocation of the proceeds of the credit are presented in Tables 4, 6 and 7 respectively. It is expected that disbursements would be completed by April 1987. Accounts and Audits 5.09 The project would be subject to normal Government control and auditing procedures which are satisfactory. A resident Audit Officer, representing the State Accountant General (AG) would audit the project accounts. Separate accounts would be maintained for the joint components to facilitate cost sharing between the participating States. Although continuous and annual audits are carried out in a timely manner, the finalization is a lengthy process of the Statutory Audit Report presented to the Legislature. It would be essential therefore to have interim certified statements of account. Such statements certified by the AG or his designee, supported by an itemized account and a summary of the expen- ditures, would be submitted to IDA as soon as possible after the end of each fiscal year. Agreements have been reached with GOB and GOO that they would: (i) maintain separate accounts on project expenditures; (ii) ensure that these accounts would be audited annually by the AG and the resulting interim statement of account would be submitted to IDA as soon as possible but not later than nine months after the end of each fiscal year; and (iii) make complete accounts and financial statements available for inspection during IDA review missions. VI. ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT General 6.01 In Bihar, the responsibility for implementation of irrigation development works, pilot area and studies would be with the Irrigation Department (ID) and for research and extension activities with the -38- Agriculture Department (AD). Construction of roads (not under the project) would be the responsibility of the Public Works Department (PWD). In Orissa, responsibilities for representing GOO in issues related to the joint components, for establishment and operation of the pilot irrigation area and for the Irrigation and Drainage Master Plan (para 4.17) would be with the Irrigation and Power Department (IPD). Design, award of con- tracts and implementation of the joint components would be in accordance with the institutional arrangements detailed in paras 6.13 to 6.15. The Irrigation Department (Bihar) 6.02 General. The Irrigation Secretary is the administrative head of the ID. He is assisted by two Special Secretaries, one Engineer-in-Chief-cum Special Secretary (EIC) and one Additional Secretary. The EIC is in overall charge of the ID and coordinates the activities of various Chief Engineers (CE). He has overall responsibility for planning, investigation, design and execution of major and medium irrigation projects, flood control schemes and operation and maintenance of irrigation canal systems. The ID has a centralized organization for Planning and Monitoring of irrigation projects. Major designs are either carried out by the Central Design Organization (CDO) of the ID located at Patna, or entrusted to the CWC. The CDO is also responsible for engineer- ing research. Project preparation work is the responsibility of three separate CE (one for North Bihar, one for South Bihar and one for Chotanagpur and Santhal Parganas region). At present the ID has 19 CE (exclusive of the EIC) and about 100 Superintending Engineers (SE). 6.03 Allocation of ID staff to projects is determined by the volume and complexity of the works. A CE is usually assigned when the value of works to be performed exceeds Rs 100 M and is generally in charge of up to six Circles. A Circle is headed by a SE and consists of four divisions, each headed by an Executive Engineer (EE) and staffed with four Assistant Engineers (AE) and supporting staff. 6.04 Present Organization and Staff Requirement. Presently, respon- sibility for project works is with the CE for Subernarekha Project who is located in Jamshedpur. Project staff is organized in three Construction Circles and one Design, Planning and Monitoring Circle (which includes a quality control division), each headed by a SE. There are 16 EE supported by 64 Assistant and Junior Engineers (AE and JE) and supporting staff. Project implementation will require a considerable increase of project ID staff as shown in the following table: -39- Present -----------------Requirement by Year 4----------------- Camp Design, Total Total Construction Mechanical Maintenance P&M, Etc. Chief Engineers 1 2 2 - - - Superintending Engineers 4 16 8 2 2 4 Executive Engineers 16 64 40 5 7 12 Assistant Engineers 64 256 160 20 28 48 Total Engineers 85 338 210 27 37 64 As shown above, a four fold increase in staff will be required. Lower level engineers (AE, JE or Sub-Engineer level) will be available for recruitment in sufficient numbers. However, in order to ensure a quick start-up of project works GOB has decided that all the additional project staff will consist of experienced engineers who will be mostly transferred from on-going and completed projects. Higher level staff (EE and above) will come through promotion from lower levels. 6.05 Proposed Organization (Chart 1). The Subernarekha Irrigation Project will have a wider scope of activities than a typical Indian irrigation project. It will have to satisfy the requirements of agricul- tural and non-agricultural water users, solve complex rehabilitation problems (paras 6.17 to 6.20) and require sensitive interstate coordina- tion. Moreover, with up to three CE's eventually responsible for various components a strong project management will be required to ensure good coordination and optimal allocation of resources. To facilitate implemen- tation and management GOB will establish in the ID a Subernarekha Project Unit (SPU), which will be located in Jamshedpur and be headed by a Senior Officer in charge of the CEs. The main functions of the SPU would be: (a) Preparation of annual budget proposals and implementation plans. (b) Ensuring that plans for supporting infrastructure and services such as roads, are prepared and implemented on time. (c) Ensuring that the interests of all potential water users (industrial and municipal users, farmers) are considered at the design and implementation stages. (d) Coordination between the various agencies participating in or supporting the project. (e) Dealing with interstate issues arising during project imple- mentation. -40- (f) Rehabilitation of displaced persons (through the Rehabilitation Committee, see para 6.20). (g) Monitoring the progress of the project and associated activities and preparation of progress reports. (h) Planning of follow-up phases. (i) Submission of applications for reimbursement from the Credit. 6.06 As indicated (para 6.04) the number of CE will increase under the project from the present one to two with the following allocation of responsibilities: CE 1 = Chandil Dam and Canals CE 2 = Ichha Dam and Canals and Galudih Complex A special SE reporting directly to the head of SPU will be responsible for the design and construction of the minor distribution system and the establishment of pilot irrigation areas (para 4.13) in the Bihar part of the project area, where minor system design and operation will be experi- mented with and suitable specifications developed. Construction of the minor system is to begin in year 3 but survey planning and design activities will commence earlier. Moreover, the staff selected for this most important function will require special training (para 6.09). It would be essential therefore to appoint the SE (minor systems) at an early stage and GOB plans to do so by June 30, 1983. An agreement has been reached with GOB that it would establish by December 31, 1982 a Suber- narekha Project Unit including a Minor Distribution Systems Planning and Design Cell with staffing pattern and responsibilities agreed with IDA. 6.07 Quality Control. The quality of project works will be monitored systematically. A comprehensive Quality Control Manual for the project which contains guidelines on codes, procedures and methods of quality control has been issued recently. The manual establishes the specific functions and responsibilities of the quality control staff. A field laboratory for quality control purposes is being established. The strength of quality control staff would increase from the present one division for the whole project to one division under each CE. 6.08 Engineering Research. During phase I, it will be necessary to develop model designs for minor system development under different topographical conditions (see also para 6.06 above). For example, in the undulating uplands it may be preferable to use underground pipe conveyance rather than open channels. Also, while the economic analysis indicates the overall economic viability of lining the entire distribution system, there may be typical sections in which the irretrievable seepage losses -41- are very low and where the system can be operated efficiently without lining. Investigations will be required to develop suitable water dis- tribution and measurement structures. The CDO (para 6.02) would be the most suitable organization for undertaking the necessary investigations through a special unit located in the project area. Agreement has been reached with GOB that it would, by December 31, 1982 establish and ade- quately staff a Subernarekha Research Cell in the Central Design Organiza- tion. Training in Minor System Development and Water Management 6.09 The speed and effectiveness of water utilization will depend to a large extent on adequate development of the minor distribution system. Such development will require personnel experienced in surveying, layout, construction and subsequent management of distribution systems including minor canals, watercourses and field channels. Such personnel must have also adequate knowledge of agricultural practices especially crop water requirement. Unfortunately this type of expertise at the level of JE or AE is almost non-existent. In order to fill this deficiency, it would be essential to start an orderly training program aimed at satisfying the project requirements of such personnel as well as, eventually, those of the entire state. The program would comprise courses of duration varying from 3 to 9 months for personnel in the ID having university degrees or diplomas in civil or agricultural engineering. Similar training programs have been initiated in several states (e.g. Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh) to support projects which began at an earlier date, and both Bihar and Orissa should be able to benefit from their experience. 6.10 The project will assist with the establishment of facilities for training in minor system development and water management in both Bihar and Orissa. These could be either a new faculty in an existing University or an entirely new training institute for minor system development. Project assistance will include establishment of residential and training accommodations, equipment, incremental staff salaries, training allowances and teaching specialists. Specific proposals including detailed curricula for training will be prepared by GOB and GOO by the end of year 1. The training program will make full use of the pilot irrigation areas (para 4.13) and the findings made under the engineering research program (para 6.08) and the operation and maintenance studies (para 6.27). Agreements have been reached with GOB and GOO that they would: (i) prepare detailed proposals agreed with IDA for training curricula and establishment of facilities for training in minor system development and water management by December 31, 1982; and (ii) establish training facilities and commence training by September 30, 1983. -42- The Irrigation Department (Orissa) 6.11 The Secretary, Irrigation and Power Department (IPD) is in overall charge at State level, and the Additional Secretary (Irrigation) is responsible for administration of the irrigation section of IPD. The SE of Baripada Irrigation Circle is in charge of the Orissa part of the Subernarekha Project and is assisted by one EE. Activities in the Orissa part of the project area during this project time-slice will be mostly limited to planning, survey and investigations including the development of the pilot irrigation area and preparation of the IDMP (para 4.17). Consequently, staff requirement will be relatively modest as shown below: Staff Required Present Year 4 Chief Construction Engineer - 1 Superintending Engineer 1 2 Executive Engineers 1 9 Assistant Engineers 4 22 Total 6 34 The Agriculture Department (Bihar) 6.12 In order to achieve the level of benefits assumed, farmers must be well informed of irrigation methods, crop water requirement and selec- tion of suitable crops and their rotations. The Agriculture Department (AD) will undertake these functions which will become increasingly impor- tant from the second phase. Under the project the AD would be responsible for reorganization of the extension services in the project area according to the T&V system (para 6.32). It will also coordinate the research and extension activities in the project area. Institutional Arrangements for Implementation of the Joint Components 1/ 6.13 GOB and GOO have constituted (August 1981) a Joint Control Board (JCB) for execution of Galudih Barrage and Galudih Right Canal and have agreed on its main functions. The JCB will be chaired alternately by the Chief Ministers of Bihar and Orissa. The JCB has appointed a Functional Committee, and a Technical Committee which will have the administrative and financial powers required for execution of the Galudih complex. 1/ The TPA (Annex 1) stipulates the organization pattern for execution of the joint components. -43- 6.14 With respect to Ichha (Kharkai) Dam, the TPA stipulates that the arrangement for its execution will be decided by the Chief Ministers of Bihar and Orissa (Annex 1, para 2.3.4). In a meeting of the JCB dated December 28, 1981 it has been agreed that the JCB will also look after the Ichha Dam. 6.15 The operation and management of Ichha Dam are to be governed by a committee consisting of a Member, CWC (Chairman) and two CE, one from each state (Bihar and Orissa). Regulation of Chandil Dam and Galudih Barrage would be by a committee consisting of a Member, CWC (Chairman) and three CE, one from each of the riparian States. Resettlement 6.16 Construction of Chandil and Ichha Dams, would result in submer- gence of about 26,000 ha (17,000 ha of CCA) in Bihar and about 4,000 ha (all CCA) in Orissa. The number of families affected in the areas sub- merged by the two dams is estimated at about 10,000 in Bihar and 1,000 in Orissa. None of the above areas would be submerged during the first phase. Submergence of the Chandil reservoir area (Bihar only) will begin about 1987 and that of the Ichha reservoir area will begin about 1990. However, resettlement of displaced persons in the Bihar part will begin during phase I. 6.17 Bihar. GOB has formulated a general policy for resettlement and rehabilitation of persons displaced as a result of construction of irriga- tion and power projects. The main provisions under this policy are: (a) Provision of 0.1 ha of homestead land to each family, free of cost. (b) Priority in allocation of agricultural land to Scheduled Castes and Tribes. (c) Ad-hoc grant of Rs 750 to cover moving expenditures and a graduated Grant-in-Aid to families whose compensation for lost assets will amount to less than Rs 2,000. (d) Selection of sites for the rehabilitation/resettlement of oustees in locations where facilities for land development and irrigation are available and where at least 20 to 30 families of one group can be settled with essential facilities like roads, schools and hospitals. (e) Preference to displaced persons in obtaining employment. (f) Establishment of a coordinating committee for each location. -44- (g) All compensations (for assets lost, grants, etc.) must be paid and rehabilitation works completed before displacement. 6.18 Resettlement will be a politically sensitive issue. GOB is determined to take all the necessary measures to ensure that, after a reasonable transition period, the displaced persons regain at least their previous standard of living. Since practically all the cultivable land is occupied, it will be difficult to compensate all the displaced persons by providing them with alternative agricultural land in the project area or in other parts of Bihar. However, as land ownership ceiling for irrigated land is lower than for rainfed land, some land in the project area may become available for redistribution. Additional land may become available through conversion of forest land although both GOI and GOB have strict regulations forbidding such conversions except under special cir- cumstances. While the land available for redistribution will be limited, it could compensate a large number of displaced families since many of the land holders (about 46%) own an average of only 0.2 ha. An additional source of partial rehabilitation will be through development of fisheries in the Chandil and Ichha reservoirs which will have a production potential of 3,000 tons of fish. 6.19 Perhaps the main source of rehabilitation will be employment in the industrial sector. The project area has the unique advantage of including an important and fast growing center of industrial production, which has attracted many migrants from other parts of India. The industrial gr-vth rate in the project area should further increase after water supply constraints had been removed (as a result of the project). There will, therefore, be considerable opportunities to rehabilitate displaced persons through industrial employment in their native areas. Moreover, since most of the holdings are too small to provide adequate income, it is likely that many of the displaced persons will actually prefer rehabilitation outside the agricultural sector, especially if such transition will be facilitated by an effective training program. Provi- sions for such training have been included under the project (Table 4m). 6.20 GOB has already appointed separate Rehabilitation Committees for each Chandil and Ichha Dams. The Chairman of both commitees is the Deputy Commissioner for Singbhum District and the members are various government officials, local political representatives and village heads from the areas to be submerged. A guiding principle for rehabilitation will be that each family will be offered a choice of at least two rehabilitation alternatives. The Government plans to have a close on-going evaluation of the rehabilitation process to assess its adequacy and the need for any corrective measures. The evaluation will be carried out by the Planning and Monitoring Cell (paras 6.28 to 6.30). It will begin with a baseline sample survey of the situation before displacement followed by periodical -45- post-rehabilitation surveys. Finding and recommendations will be communi- cated to GOB, SPU and the Rehabilitation Committees. Agreements have been reached with GOB that it would: (i) by December 31, 1983 commence an on-going evaluation of its rehabilitation activities, under terms-of-reference agreed with IDA; and (ii) not less than two years before causing submergence of any land formulate a rehabilitation plan including an implementation schedule agreed with IDA. 6.21 Orissa. Estimates of the area which will be submerged in Orissa by the construction of Ichha Dam are in para 6.16. In addition the con- struction of the two command area reservoirs - Jambhira and Baura (para 2.08) and the enlargement of the Haldia reservoir will result in submer- gence of about 6,500 ha (3,200 ha of CCA) and affect about 1,800 families. Submergence of these areas would begin in about 1990. In Orissa, it will be possible to compensate displaced persons by offering them an alterna- tive agricultural land. COO has a uniform rehabilitation/resettlement policy applicable to all major and medium irrigation projects which includes allotment of 1.2 ha of agricultural land, house sites and assis- tance with construction of houses. An agreement has been reached with GOO that not less than two years before causing submergence of any land it would: (i) constitute a Rehabilitation Committee for the project area; and (ii) formulate an area specific rehabilitation plan including an implementation schedule agreed with IDA. Operation and Maintenance 6.22 Principles for Operation of the Distribution System. The basic principles would be that farmers must be notified well in advance of the amount of water and the timing of its supply in each season, and that the water supply is both reliable and equitable. This will encourage farmers to adopt cropping patterns and input levels which will maximize their net returns from irrigation. Main and branch canals would operate con- tinuously throughout most of the dry season, at a discharge which will vary according to actual requirements and with appropriate closure periods for maintenance decided in consultation with the AD. Distributaries, minors and sub-minors would be rotated with alternate closure and running periods in each rotation. In this type of operation of the minor dis- tribution system at the block level (from 50 cusecs down to the farm level) the channels would either run with the respective full supply discharges or remain closed. 6.23 A suitable rotation for the rabi season would be water supply every 14 days in the lighter soils and every 21 days in heavier textured soils. In the hot weather season a shorter interval between irrigations would be required for the rotation period. In the typical 40 ha chak the parent channel would deliver to the chak outlet a large but managable stream which will be rotated between the sub-chaks. This will enable both -46- quick and uniform distribution of the water in the field and result in a high level of field irrigation efficiency. 6.24 System Storage. In both the Bihar and Orissa parts of the project area it will be possible to ultimately incorporate in the irriga- tion system existing or newly created storage facilities. These will consist of the following: (a) Existing and planned irrigation tanks or small reservoirs which may be integrated into the project water supply system. (b) Pondage capacity incorporated in the canals or in the drainage ways along the canal. The storage may be short term (i.e. a few hours only to accommodate rapid changes in water demand rainfall, etc.) of the kind which can be provided within canals by the use of cross-regulators to give pondage capacity above the normal water-level or for longer periods (daily, weekly or even monthly) to accom- modate short-term variations in demand. Tank storage will also provide "re-regulation" of canal supply for storage and use of operational "wastes" and a greater freedom in adapting the water supply to the needs of individuals or small groups of farmers, enabling them to grow fruits or vegetables which require frequent water applications. 6.25 Water Distribution at Block and Chak Levels. As indicated, the distribution system will have sufficient control and measurement struc- tures to enable operating officers to deliver predetermined quantities of water to the various turnout points according to predetermined rotational schedules. The final turnout will be at the sub-chak level (5 to 8 ha). Water distribution within each sub-chak will be organized by cooperation between the cultivators, the number of which will generally not exceed 12. It is anticipated that initially the irrigation within the sub-chak in the kharif season will be field-to-field which is adequate for paddy, while in the dry season cultivators will construct temporary field channels to enable cultivation of crops other than paddy. 6.26 Maintenance. Adoption of preventive maintenance procedures will be essential to avoid deterioration of the distribution system. The canal system will be designed with sufficient escape and gate structures to enable dewatering of the canal in a short period. Adequate closure periods will be determined to minimize production losses. Finally, ade- quate manpower and budget provisions must be made. 6.27 Operation and Maintenance Studies. While the exact details of system operation and maintenance can be finalized at a point of time nearer to the beginning of irrigation, it would be important to begin -47- studies and investigations leading to development of O&M procedures and organization as soon as possible. Firstly, O&M procedures will have important design implications which should be identified at an early stage. Secondly, large scale block development works which will start in year 3 (in Bihar) would require a clear decision on system operation at block level. Thirdly, it will be necessary to brief the cultivators on the proposed system operation before the beginning of block development. Finally, it will be necessary to train system operators at all levels. Operation and maintenance studies will be conducted in both Bihar and Orissa. The studies will include evaluation of O&M in each State and visits to successfully managed projects in and outside the country in order to benefit from their experience. The studies will also include computer simulations. Agreements have been reached with GOB and GOO that each State would: (i) by December 31, 1982 prepare a plan, agreeable to IDA for a detailed management study, to establish rules, procedures and requirements for effective management and preventive maintenance of the entire water distribution system from the dams to the individual field level; (ii) complete the study by December 31, 1983; and (iii) utilize the recommendations of the study in formulating the O&M estimates and proce- dures for subsequent implementation of the project. Monitoring and Evaluation 6.28 The SPU will require the support of an effective Planning and Monitoring Cell (PMC) for the following purposes: (i) ensuring a reliable assessment of project progress and constraints so that timely corrective management actions can be undertaken; (ii) implementation of studies and investigations; (iii) preparation of annual plans; (iv) preparation of progress reports; (v) on-going evaluation of the rehabilitation of dis- placed persons; and (vi) preparation of a comprehensive plan for the second phase of this project. The PMC will also collect data on the latest improvements in irrigation system design, examine their suitability to the project and communicate their findings to the SPU and the staff concerned. 6.29 The main sources of monitoring data would be periodical progress reports prepared by the project CE and other agencies participating in project implementation. Since irrigation benefits will begin accruing only during the second phase, evaluation activities in the Bihar part will be limited to a base-line survey which will provide data on the pre-project situation against which future progress can be assessed. The survey design should enable a comparative analysis of the special charac- teristics of tribal landholders. Base-line surveys in Orissa will start at the beginning of the second phase. 6.30 Agreements have been reached with GOB that it would: (i) estab- lish by December 31, 1982 in the Subernarekha Project Unit a Planning and Monitoring Cell with staffing pattern and functions agreed by IDA; and -48- (ii) by December 31, 1984 complete a baseline socio-economic survey of the project with scope and methodology agreed with IDA. 6.31 Reporting. GOB and GOO will submit to IDA semi-annual and annual progress reports within three months after the end of each report- ing period. The reports should: (i) compare plan and actual implementa- tion in physical and financial terms; (ii) describe deviations from plan and explain the reasons; and (iii) provide a revised implementation program for the following period. An agreement has been reached with GOB that it would submit to IDA a project completion report not later than six months after the Closing Date. Supporting Services (Bihar) 6.32 Extension and Research. Effective extension and research serv- ices will be vital to project success. Project yield projections and built-up rates (para 8.04) are based on the assumption that the introduc- tion of irrigation will be supported by strong extension and research from an early stage. As indicated, the project will support the establishment of an Irrigation Research Center near Galudih Barrage (para 4.19). The extension staff will participate actively in explaining project scope and objectives to the farmers in order to gain their support and cooperation and facilitate land acquisition. Moreover, to enable the spread of irrigation over the entire project in a short period (para 2.18) it would be necessary to train a large number of farmers before the beginning of irrigation through visits to the pilot irrigation areas, neighboring irrigated areas and through audio-visual training aids. 6.33 Under the Bihar Extension Project (Credit 761-IN) GOB has been introducing the T&V system throughout the State but so far progress has been slow. An agreement has been reached with GOB that it will introduce the T&V extension system to the entire SIS area by April 1, 1984. Environmental Effects 6.34 Prevention of Water Pollution. At the national level respon- sibility for enforcement of standards for prevention of water pollution (Indian Standard 2296) is with the Department of Environment (DOE), Minis- try of Science and Technology, which is assisted by the Central Board for the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution (CWP). At State level there are State Water Pollution Control and Prevention Boards (SCWP). The CWP provides technical assistance and advice to the the DOE and the SCWP, undertakes studies, develops and proposes standards and regulations. Industries are granted permission to discharge the wastewater by the SCWP and pay a fee which is based on water consumption and used to finance State and National Board activities. -49- 6.35 The Bihar SCWP is presently inadequately staffed and has not yet determined treatment requirements for wastewater discharged into the Subernarekha water. However, it has been actively recruiting additional staff and plans to open regional offices in Ranchi and Jamshedpur in 1983 to facilitate its operations in the Subernarekha area. The SCWP plans to undertake a comprehensive program in order to control water pollution in Subernarekha. The main steps in this program will be: (i) a survey of industries and a determination of their waste disposal practices; (ii) negotiations and agreement with each industry on steps to be taken to achieve acceptable effluent qualities; and (iii) issuance of industrial waste discharge permits. The program will also include studies of effluent quality and an on-going monitoring of river water quality at selected sampling points. 6.36 Provisions have been made under the project for monitoring and laboratory equipment and for vehicles, as well as for training over a period of 6-12 months of the two regional environmental engineers who will be stationed in Ranchi and Jamshedpur. In addition, the ID will provide the SCWP with access to and the use of its laboratory facilities. Agree- ments have been reached with GOB that it would: (i) by December 31, 1983 implement a pollution control and monitoring program in Subernarekha area, under terms of reference and methodology agreed by IDA; and (ii) deny supply of water from project facilities to any industry without the neces- sary clearance by the SCWP. 6.37 Other Effects. The main water-related diseases whose incidence may increase by introduction of irrigation are malaria and typhoid. The construction of drainage facilities and the lining of canals would mini- mize areas of stagnating water which are suitable breeding grounds for mosquitoes. Therefore it is not expected that the project will result in an increase in the incidence of the above diseases. While there will be an increase in the use of fertilizer and pesticides, this is not expected to have a significant environmental impact. VII. AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, FARM INCOMES, AND COST RECOVERY Agricultural Production 7.01 As indicated (paras 3.10 to 3.12) present production levels are very low and reflect the constraints of rainfed agriculture. Without irrigation the low paddy yields are unlikely to increase significantly, and cultivation will be mostly limited to the kharif season with cropping intensity levels ranging from 60% to 100%. 7.02 The introduction of irrigation is expected to trigger substan- tial changes in the present farming techniques. Reliable and predictable -50- water supply will reduce farmers' risk, enable cultivation in the dry season and induce investment in cash inputs and land improvement. As a result yields are expected to rise considerably. Since the construction of project reservoirs will be completed before the water distribution system reaches the entire area, it will be possible during initial years to provide completed irrigation blocks with a larger amount of water (than at full development stage). However, adequate precautions will have to be taken to ensure that farmers are aware that the increased water allocation is temporary.1/ 7.03 The main kharif crop will be paddy. Initially paddy will be also the main dry weather crop, since farmers are familiar with it. This will ensure full utilization of irrigation water as soon as it becomes available. It is anticipated that farmers will gradually move to other dry weather crops which provide a higher return per unit of water, such as wheat, potatoes, oilseeds, soybean and groundnut. Additionally, the fast growing urban centers in the project area (mainly Bihar) are expected to increase the demand for, and induce cultivation of vegetables and other high value crops. 7.04 It is anticipated that at "full development" (about year 14) the cropping pattern will be approximately as following (details are in Table 8): 1/ The best method to do so will have to be studied during phase II. A possible way will be to make each farmer sign every year a document declaring that he understands that the increased allocation of water is temporary. -51- Bihar Orissa Kharif Paddy 70 77 Paddy (rainfed) 7 3 Maize and Groundnuts 7 5 Soybeans and Pulses 5 5 Fodder and Jowar (rf) 2 2 Vegetables 3 2 Sub-total 94 94 Rabi Wheat 34 30 Potato & Vegetables 4 4 Gram 6 3 Gram (rf) 4 4 Other (berseem, oilseeds) 7 6 Sub-total 55 47 Hot Weather and Perennials Paddy 11 18 Groundnut 5 3 Gram 3 2 Sugarcane 3 4 Sub-total 22 27 Total Cropping Intensity 171 168 Total Irrigation Intensity 158 159 This cropping pattern should not be taken as a target. It is based on the projected water availability, the estimated water requirement and the projected profitability of crops. If these change, the crop mix maximiz- ing farmers returns to irrigation will also change. 7.05 The expected annual increase in agricultural production for the whole project at full development is detailed in Table 9 and summarized below: -52- Production Without Production at Full Incremental Project Development Production Crops Bihar Orissa Total Bihar Orissa Total Bihar Orissa Total ------------------------------' 000t------------------------------- Paddy 120.5 107.5 228.0 448.0 271.8 719.8 327.5 164.3 491.8 Wheat 2.9 0.7 3.6 141.4 68.9 210.3 138.6 68.2 206.8 Groundnuts - 0.7 0.7 23.0. 9.0 32.0 23.0 8.3 31.3 Soybeans - - - 2.9 1.6 4.5 2.9 1.6 4.5 Potatoes 6.4 22.5 28.9 96.0 54.0 150.0 89.6 31.5 121.1 Sugarcane - - - 312.0 234.0 546.0 312.0 234.0 546.0 To realize such an increase the entire project need to be completed. Works financed under the project time-slice will account for about 17% of the expenditures required to complete the project. Market Prospects and Prices 7.06 The increased production resulting from the project is not expected to create marketing difficulties. Incremental production of paddy which is the principal crop, as well as other foodgrains (e.g. wheat) and pulses will be partly absorbed within the project area by the growing rural and urban population and partly exported. In both States there are ade4"ate basic facilities for marketiag, storage and processing and these facilities will be expanded gradually to absorb the incremental production which would begin to accrue in year 7 and rise to full develop- ment levels in about an 8 year period. Producer prices are largely deter- mined by supply and demand. Procurement prices for the main crops are fixed by the Government but have been effective only in surplus markets around harvest time. Farm Incomes 7.07 Project impact on income levels of individual farms have been calculated for representative farm models of 0.5 ha, 1.0 ha and 3.0 ha. The main sources of data were farm surveys and district statistics. Prevailing financial prices of inputs and outputs were used. The results are summarized below (details are in Table 14): -53- Net Farm Income "Future Without "Future With Relative Increase Farm Model "Present" Project" Project" due to Project W-W x 100 Bihar P W W W --------------------Rs-------------------- --------%-------- 0.5 ha farm 500 550 3,810 593 1 ha farm 820 1,180 6,930 487 3 ha farm 2,370 2,950 18,630 532 Orissa: 0.5 ha farm 880 1,240 4,100 231 1 ha farm 1,470 2,080 7,340 253 3 ha farm 3,880 5,500 19,860 261 Weighted average per ha 1,020 1,360 6,600 385 Cost Recovery 7.08 Water Charges in Bihar. For water charge purposes irrigation schemes in Bihar are classified into: (i) schemes with assured irriga- tion and perennial flow and (ii) schemes without assured irrigation. The rate is fixed per irrigation season and is based on the number of water- ings. Charges in schemes with assured irrigation are at present Rs 80/ha for kharif crops, Rs 50/ha for rabi crops and Rs 137/ha for sugarcane. These charges are about 50% higher than for schemes without assured irrigation. The Irrigation and Flood Protection Act 1/ provides for collection of a betterment levy from farmers served from lift irrigation schemes. However, due to legal difficulties in its enforcement, the Act was suspended in 1979. Water for industrial and municipal purposes is charged on a volumetric basis. 7.09 Water Charges in Orissa. Water rates in Orissa are fixed per unit area and vary according to the crop and the season. Charges are linked to the quality of irrigation service and irrigation season and amount to Rs 40/ha for schemes with assured irrigation, Rs 90/ha for summer paddy, Rs 34/ha for wheat and Rs 100/ha for sugarcane. 1/ The Bihar Irrigation and Flood Protection (Betterment Contribution) Act, 1959. -54- 7.10 Other Agricultural Taxes. Since incomes in the agricultural sector are much lower than in the manufacturing and service sectors, the annual rate of agricultural taxation (mainly land revenue) is relatively modest amounting at present to about Rs 10/ha in Bihar. In Orissa land revenue levels vary according to soil type, location and the suitability for double cropping, and average about Rs 20 per ha. In addition a cess equal to 50% of the land revenue charged. More important from a revenue point of view in both States, is the agricultural sales tax of 4% levied on most agricultural produce (excluding vegetables and sugarcane). 7.11 Recovery Prospects. Revenues from water charges account for about 1% of the total State income in Bihar and Orissa. Both the States have budget deficits and are anxious to maximize the revenues from irriga- tion and irrigation related charges. With respect to water for I&M both governments plan to charge users at least the full cost of producing and supplying the water. Irrigation charges present a more difficult issue for reasons discussed below. GOO has recently reviewed irrigation charges (as required under Credit 740-IN) and increased them considerably (+50%). The dialoge between the Bank and GOO on improvement of irrigation cost recovery is expected to continue under the second phase of that project, scheduled for FY83. Irrigation under that project will start several years before Subernarekha water becomes available. GOB has appointed a high level committee to review water charges and will submit the commit- tee's recommendations to IDA. Both governments accept IDA principles for cost recovery but face serious implementation difficulties. The main constraints on both the level and the recovery rate of irrigation charges in traditionally designed projects in both the States have been the ineq- uity and unreliability of water supply even in the schemes supposedly having "assured irrigation" (para 7.08). Since the water charges for a given category of irrigation are uniform throughout each State, their current level must be within the repayment capability of these farmers realizing the lowest irrigation benefits (mostly tail-enders). Another important factor is that irrigation charges are traditionally regarded as tax rather than as payment for service; their level has to be approved by the Legislature and is a sensitive political issue. 7.12 By the time irrigation begins (year 7) there will be a con- siderable improvement in the state of knowledge of how to charge for irrigation water. This will be largely a result of water charge studies and reviews conducted under Bank supported projects in several States (e.g. Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh and Kerala) which should be completed by that time. It would be essential also to complete the operation and maintenance studies (para 6.27) and determine the method of water allocation in each season since these will effect the method of both charging and recovery. It will therefore be desirable to defer a decision on the method and level of irrigation water charges in the project area to a later stage (beyond the first phase). GOB plans to conduct in project years 5 and 6 (1987/88 and 1988/89) a systematic review -55- of the finding of the above studies and the experience with irrigation cost recovery elsewhere in order to determine the most suitable irrigation charging system. It is important that the charging system ultimately adopted will be both conducive to efficient water use and administratively feasible (to avoid a repetition of past recovery failures). 7.13 Estimated Cost and Rent Recovery. It is anticipated that by full development stage, the average net income (1982 prices) per ha of CCA in the Project area will increase from the present level of about Rs 900 to Rs 6,400 in the Bihar part and from Rs 1,300 to Rs 6,800 in the Orissa part. Additionally, the improved design standards will minimize the differences between "head" and "tail" fields. Consequently, there will be a considerable scope for increasing irrigation charges especially if the method of charging will be changed so that irrigation charges in modernly designed projects are higher than those in traditionally designed ones. It is anticipated that both Bihar and Orissa will ultimately create a special level of charges for projects designed to higher standards like Subernarekha. 7.14 In estimating the levels of cost and rent recoveries, it has been assumed that following a systematic review, both GOB and GOO will gradually increase irrigation and irrigation related charges in the project area, to reach a level of about 30% of the "project rent" in year 10. It was also assumed that the charge for I&M water will be at a level sufficient to cover the full proportionate cost of capital and 0&M. Based on these assumptions, the cost and rent recovery indices have been estimated as following (details are in Annex 2 and Tables 15 and 16): Bihar Orissa --------( %)-------- Cost Recovery 36 40 Rent Recovery a/ 41 32 a/ Irrigation only. -56- VIII. BENEFITS AND JUSTIFICATION Project Impact 1/ 8.01 If development of the Subernarekha Irrigation System (SIS) does not take place, water scarcity would be the single most important con- straint to agro-economic growth, especially in the Bihar part of the project area. Provision of irrigation water will accelerate economic development also in the Orissa and West Bengal parts. The overall direct impact of SIS at full development in terms of agricultural production, employment generated and other direct benefits are summarized below: West Bihar Orissa Bengal Total Directly Benefitting Farm Families (No.) 70,000 60,000 - 130,000 Increased Irrigated Area (ha) 160,000 90,000 5,000 255,000 Increased Foodgrain Production '000 t/year 468 232 - 700 Inreased I&M Water Supply (MCM) 700 - - 700 Expected Moderation of Flood Damage RsM/year - 17.1 1.4 18.5 Generated Farm Employment (jobs) 88,300 49,700 - 138,000 Generated Non-Farm Employment (jobs) 16,500 8,300 - 24,800 Value-added in Agriculture (RsM) a/ 990 495 - 1,485 a/ Defined as the sum of gross farm incomes minus cost inputs (excluding labor). The above impact refers to the entire SIS at full development. Estimating the impact of this project time slice alone would be arbitrary and was not attempted. 8.02 Employment Effects. The increase in employment opportunities resulting from project activities would come from: (i) construction works; (ii) intensification of agricultural production; and (iii) industrial development. It is estimated that the number of unskilled labor employed daily in construction work during the main construction period (October to May) over the next 10 years will average about 60,000 mostly in Bihar where all the major structures are located. Labor 1/ In this chapter, the term "project" refers to the entire Subernarekha Irrigation System (SIS). -57- requirement for a typical cropping pattern is expected to increase from 80 man-days/ha at present to about 190 man-days/ha at full development (about year 14). Thus about 138,000 of full-time job equivalent will be created. It is estimated that about two thirds of the incremental demand for labor will be supplied by landless workers. Additional employment in transport, marketing and processing of incremental agriculture production is estimated at about 24,800 full-time jobs. The labor demand of industries in the Bihar part of the project will also increase considerably since the increased and reliable water supply for I&M will enable both the expansion of existing industries and establishment o.f new ones. 8.03 Poverty Impact. The project will result in a substantial reduc- tion in the incidence of poverty. This projection is based on comparisons of the percentage of farm families with incomes below the poverty line with and without the project. The income estimates used in the calcula- tion are based on the data on the distribution of farms by size and estimates of the average net farm income per ha. The results are sum- marized in the following table: % of Participating Farm Families Below Poverty Line Future With Present Project Bihar 80 25 Orissa 70 20 a/ The estimated poverty line is Rs 800 per annum (in 1982 prices). Economic Analysis 8.04 Main Assumptions. The assumptions used in the economic analysis are detailed in Annex 2 and summarized below: (a) Prices and Conversion Factors. Agricultural output was valued on the basis of IBRD projected 1990 world market prices expressed in 1982 currency values (Table 10). The economic price estimate for paddy which is the main crop was based on the assumption that its incremental production will be directly or indirectly exported outside the country. The economic value of water for I&M was assumed to be equal to the marginal value of water in agricultural production. Non-traded cost and benefit items have been adjusted by appropriate conversion factors to bring them to the same price basis as the traded ones. -58- (b) Without and With Project Situation. No substantial changes in production and income levels are expected in the area without the project (i.e. under rainfed agriculture). The projections for the "without" and "with" project situations were based on field surveys, district yield statistics, data from research stations and extension staff estimates (Table 11). Projections of I&M water supply requirements are based on GOB estimates and the assumptions about flood moderation benefits are based on estimates of past flood damages in Orissa assuming that the extent of damages in West Bengal is about proportionate to its share in the cost of the flood control component of Chandil Dam (about 8%). (c) Benefits Build-Up Rates. It has been assumed that during the first years of irrigation, farmers will use their entire water allocation for the dry season to grow summer paddy, since the crop is known to them and most of the fields are bunded. With access to credit and inputs, and with adequate extension service, yields of summer paddy are likely to reach 3.4 t/ha in about 4 years after irrigation had begun. At a later stage farmers are are expected to gradually diversify production in favor of crops providing a higher return per unit of water (wheat, groundnuts). During the kharif season irrigation will supplement rainfall, therefore its impact on the net income per ha will be smaller. It has been estimated that it will take farmers about 7 years to raise the yields of kharif paddy from the present level of 0.9-1.3 t/ha to 2.2-3.2 t/ha at full development. (d) Project Cost. The economic cost streams include the cost of civil works (including physical contingencies and establishment costs) required for completion of the entire Subernarekha Irriga- tion System, the opportunity cost of land submerged by the reservoirs, the cost of resettlement, the cost of O&M and incremental extension, and the cost of construction, upgrading and maintenance of road network. The economic costs have been derived from the corresponding financial ones adjusted by the appropriate conversion factors. 8.05 Economic Rate of Return (ERR). The ERR and the Net Present Value (NPV) were estimated for the entire project as well as for separable components. The models analyzed were: (i) the entire project; (ii) Chandil system; (iii) Ichha system; (iv) irrigation component; (v) flood moderation; and (vi) I&M Water Supply. The results are summarized below (the assumptions made for each of the partial models are in Annex 2): -59- ERR NPV a/ Model % (Rs M) Composite Model 17.3 2,135 Chandil System 16.7 1,345 Ichha System 18.1 1,310 Irrigation 18.0 1,987 Flood Moderation 12.7 7 I&M Water Supply 18.2 252 a/ Discounted at 12% interest. The ERR was estimated also separately for the Bihar and Orissa parts with the following results: Bihar 17.8%; Orissa 16.3%. These results indicate that the entire project as well as each of its components would be economically viable. 8.06 Economics of Lining. In much of the project area, the cost of a lined system will be about the same or only slightly higher than the cost of an unlined system. This is so because cross sections of lined channels are considerably smaller than those of unlined ones designed to convey the same amount of water. In addition lined channels require a smaller den- sity of drop structures especially in steep terrains. Therefore, the ERR of lining is relatively high and ranges from 34% to over 50%. The incremental benefits considered were those generated by the reduction of seepage losses. This estimate is biased downwards since it does not take into account substantial benefits from lining, which could not be ade- quately quantified, such as: (i) the greater flexibility of operating a lined system and the greater speed in which water can be distributed especially during the kharif season; and (ii) the greater reliability and equity of water supply. Detailed analysis is in SDV, Annex 9. 8.07 Sensitivity Analysis. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to determine how deviations from the main assumptions will effect the economic viability of the project. One type of sensitivity test was through calculation of the "switching value", that is the value to which the variable tested will have to increase (or decrease) in order to reduce the discounted present value of the project's net incremental benefits to zero. The discount rate used was 12% which has been the estimated oppor- tunity cost of capital in India. The results are summarized in the fol- lowing table: -60- Appraisal Switching Change Variable Tested a/ Value Value % Net Incremental Benefits (Rs M) 5,529 3,496 -37 Construction Costs (Rs M) 2,885 4,918 71 Construction Period (Years) 13 19 46 Construction Conversion Factor .8 1.4 75 a/ Applies only to the composite model, sensitivity analysis for components is in Annex 2. 8.08 In addition to the above tests, the effect of the following occurrences on the ERR was tested:1/ (a) After the first phase, only Chandil Dam, Chandil Left Canal and its command area are completed but construction of the other components is postponed indefinitely. The ERR will decline to 14.6%. (b) Construction of the Bihar part proceeds as planned but Orissa postpones development in its area by 10 years. The ERR will decline to 16.2%. (c) Farmers restrict production in the dry season to paddy only. The ERR will decline to 14.6%. (d) Changes in construction priorities: if the emphasis in the first phase is on Ichha complex, the ERR will remain sub- stantially unchanged (17.5%). (e) Lack of attention to block (minor system) development resulting in unreliable water supply and drainage problems. The ERR will decline to 11.2% (see Annex 2, para 26). The latter result (sensitivity to block development) reinforces the need to ensure high standards of minor system development which is emphasized throughout this report. 1/ At the time this SAR was finalized new proposals for IBRD commodity price forecasts were under review. Had the revised prices been used for economic analysis, the ERR (composite model) would have declined to 14.5% -61- 8.09 Project Risk. The results of the sensitivity analysis indicate that only large deviations from the basic project assumptions will make it economically unviable. The greatest sensitivity is to the quality of minor system development works since this will determine the capacity of the irrigation system to provide a reliable water supply. However, the establishment of specialized training facilities, appointment of a CE for minor system development and establishment of pilot irrigation areas (paras 6.10, 6.06 and 4.13 respectively) should ensure high quality of minor system works. There is a risk that the rehabilitation of displaced people will encounter greater than anticipated difficulties and delay implementation. However, the measures to be undertaken under the project should minimize such risk. Although the implications of either GOB or GOO not proceeding with the full scope of project works after completion of this time slice were investigated, such risk is considered to be small for the following reasons: (i) GOB is fully committed to the development of the project area and is also under pressure to increase water supply for I&M purposes; (ii) with the works completed under the first phase becoming "sunk costs", the economic viability of the remaining works, especially in the Chandil complex, will be high; (iii) GOO feels itself compelled to utilize its share of the Subernarekha water as soon as it is available in order to protect its water rights; and (iv) the governments concerned are expected to make every effort to avoid violating the TPA which had been reached after long negotiations. IX. AGREEMENTS REACHED AND RECOMMENDATIONS 9.01 An agreement has been reached with GOI that it would make the proceeds of the credit available to GOB, GOO and GOWB on GOI's standard terms and arrangements for development assistance to the States (para 5.02). 9.02 Agreements have been reached with GOB and GOO that they would: (a) (i) provide sufficient funds and materials to execute the project, in accordance with the four year project implemen- tation period; and (ii) complete the entire project as soon as technically and financially feasible after the credit has been disbursed (para 5.02); (b) (i) maintain separate accounts on project expenditures; (ii) ensure that these accounts would be audited annually by the AG and the resulting interim statement of account would be submitted to IDA as soon as possible but not later than nine months after the end of each fiscal year; and (iii) make com- -62- plete accounts and financial statements available for inspection during IDA review missions (para 5.09); (c) (i) by December 31, 1982 prepare detailed proposals agreed with IDA for training curriculum and establishment of facilities for training in minor system design development and water manage- ment: and (ii) establish training facilities and commence training by September 30, 1983 (para 6.10); (d) (i) by December 31, 1982 prepare a plan, agreed with IDA for a detailed management study, to establish rules, procedures and requirement for effective management and preventive maintenance of the entire water distribution system from the dams to the individual field level; (ii) complete the study by December 31, 1983; and (iii) use the recommendations of the study in formulating 0&M estimates and procedures for subsequent implementation of the project (para 6.27); 9.03 Agreements have been reached with GOB that it would: (a) conduct system improvement studies under terms of reference and methodology agreed with IDA and complete such studies by December 31, 1983 (para 4.18); (b) (i) by December 31, 1982 prepare a plan agreed with IDA for development of project roads during the project implementation period; (ii) execute such a plan in coordination with the irrigation development works; and (iii) by December 31, 1984 prepare a comprehensive road development plan for the entire Bihar part of the project area (para 4.21); (c) (i) by December 31, 1982 set up and maintain thereafter a Dam Review Panel with qualifications, experience and terms of reference acceptable to IDA to review the plans and designs of each dam and their associated structures prior to contract award, and as often as necessary thereafter to determine whether any design changes are necessary and whether there are any grounds for concern as to dam safety; and (ii) after construction have the dams and related structures inspected periodically to ensure that there are no operation and maintenance deficiencies that might endanger the safety of the structures (para 4.24); (d) establish by December 31, 1982 a Subernarekha Project Unit including a Minor Distribution System Planning and Design Cell, with staffing pattern and responsibilities agreed with IDA; -63- (e) by December 31, 1982 establish and adequately staff a Subernarekha Research Cell in the Central Design Organization (para 6.08); (f) (i) by December 31, 1983 commence an on-going evaluation of its rehabilitation activities under terms-of-reference agreed with IDA; and (ii) not less than two years before causing submergence of any land formulate a rehabilitation plan including an imple- mentation schedule agreed with IDA (para 6.20); (g) (i) by December 31, 1982 establish in the Subernarekha Project Unit a Planning and Monitoring Cell with staffing pattern and functions agreed by IDA; and (ii) by December 31, 1984 complete a baseline socio-economic survey of the project area with scope and methodology agreed with IDA (para 6.30); (h) submit to IDA a project completion report not later than six months after its Closing Date (para 6.31); (i) introduce the T&V extension system to the entire project area by December 31, 1983 (para 6.32); (j) (i) by December 31, 1983 implement a pollution control and monitoring program in Subernarekha area, under terms of reference and methodology agreed by IDA; and (ii) deny supply of water from project facilities to any industry without the necessary clearance by the SCWP (para 6.36). 9.04 Agreements have been reached with G00 that it would prepare by December 31, 1984 an irrigation and drainage master plan for the Orissa part of the project area, under terms of reference agreed with IDA (para 4.17); and not less than two years before causing submergence of any land, (i) constitute a Rehabilitation Committee for the project area; and (ii) formulate an area specific rehabilitation plan including an implementation schedule agreed with IDA (para 6.21). 9.05 With the above agreements, the proposed project would be suitable for a credit of US$127.0 M on standard IDA terms. The borrower would be the Government of India. -64- Table 1 INDIA SUBERNAREKHA IRRIGATION PROJECT Salient Features of the Project Dams Item - Chandil Ichha Galudih Barrage 1. River Subernarekha Kharkai Subernarekha 2. Catchment Area (sq km) 5,580 2,850 13,630 3. Yields in M cu m (a) 75% dependable 2,220 970 (b) Average (Present) 3,520 1,330 (c) Average (Future) 2,850 1,070 5,310 4. Storage M cu m (a) Gross at MRL 1,963 (b) Gross at FRL 1,500 1,042 (c) Flood Reserve 463 (d) Conservation 1,296 925 (e) Dead and Inactive 204 117 5. Maximum Height of Dam in m (a) Masonry 55.2 38.5 1.50 (b) Earthfill 50.7 33.0 (c) Saddle Dams 6. Crest Lengths in m (a) Masonry 384 429 436 (b) Earthfill 336 934 (c) Saddle 6,017 Total 720 7,390 7. Elevations in m (a) Top of Dam (WAPCOS) 194.7 229.0 103.5 (b) Crest of Spillway 177.0 215.8 86.5/85.0 (c) High Flood Level 191.9 226.6 100.6 (d) Full Reservoir Level 189.0 225.0 94.5 (e) M.D.D.L. 174.6 211.8 N.A. (f) Head Regulator Sill 170.8 (g) Riverbed 151.0 192.0 85.0 8. Spillway (a) Type Ogee Ogee Ogee/Broadcrest (b) Length in i 228 301.1 436 (c) Gates no 12 17 25 Size (m) 15.0 x 15.0 15.25 x 9.15 15.25 x 7.62 (d) Design Flood cumecs 29,538 N.A. 21,240 (e) PMF cumecs 34,250 24,967 (f) Cumecs per sq km 5.3 8.8 (g) Spillway discharge (cumecs) 20,520 17,200 9. Quantities in Dam (a) Earthwork (T cum) (b) Masonry (T cum) (c) Concrete (T cum) 10. Submergence Area 1/ % of average inflow 37 70 INDIA SUBERNARECHA IRRIGATION PROJECT Climatic Data Jan Feb Mar Apr May June Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Annual Mean Monthly Rainfall (mm) Chaibasa (Bihar) 7 10 10 14 46 153 280 280 240 57 0 0 1100 Ghatsila (Bihar 7 3 9 26 43 164 280 320 240 86 0 0 1180 J7mshedpur (Bihar) 7 9 14 11 42 200 340 310 270 70 0 0 1270 Baripada (Orissa) 0 19 16 so 90 240 310 400 290 150 10 0 1575 Mean Monthly Temperature (c*) Maximum Jamshedpur (Bihar) 26.5 29.7 34.7 36.7 39.8 36.4 32.2 31.8 32.1 31.5 29.1 26.6 32.4 Baripada (Orissa) 27.1 30.6 35.3 38.7 38.6 35.7 32.3 31.9 32.1 31.7 29.5 26.9 32.5 Minimum Jamshedpur 11.2 14.0 18.6 23.7 26.4 26.2 25.4 25.3 24.6 22.0 16.6 11.4 20.5 Baripada 13.1 15.9 20.7 24.6 26.2 26.6 25.6 25.5 25.0 22.4 17.7 13.2 21.4 Average Monthly Humidity (%) Jamshedpur 61 48 41 36 45 64 80 81 79 73 67 65 62 Baripada 60 54 52 56 64 75 84 86 84 77 68 63 69 Average Monthly Winds (km/hr) Jamshedpur 3.1 4.1 5.2 6.3 7.8 8.3 7.8 7.1 5.8 3.8 3.2 2.8 Baripada Solar Radiation Measured Inversely as Cloud Cover in Oktas Jamshedpur 1.80 1.60 2.00 2.10 3.00 5.80 7.00 7.00 6.00 3.80 1.80 1.20 Baripada Evapotranspiration Units - ETO's (mm/day) as Computed by Modified Penman Method Jamshedpur Maximum in month 112 134 196 231 260 214 170 167 163 158 142 99 Minimum in month 87 96 150 191 201 139 113 107 97 109 98 75 a Average (1954-1978) 101 123 182 215 237 172 133 127 128 137 111 92 1758 t Average (1931-1960) 94 116 172 208 233 168 129 122 119 126 102 86 1675 Baripada Average (1956-1978) 90 119 177 187 207 139 125 115 115 126 107 92 1607 INDIA SUBERNAREKHA IRRIGATION PROJECT Summary of Chandil Reservoir Operation at Full Development Stage a/ Demands Amount Supplied Shortages End of Month Kharif Planting Rabi/HW Reservoir Irrigation Irrigation Res Content % Early Planting Year Inflow Evaporation M & I Irrigati & M & I Kharif RabifKW M & I MCM % Oct May Spills Hectares Planting Hectares ------------------------------------------------------------------------------MCM------------------------------------------------------------------ 1954 1,490.0 120.3 654.0 792.9 654.0 185.0 607.9 - - - 1,107.6 162.8 - 74,570 100 66,800 1955 1,285.2 90.5 654.0 788.6 598.0 415.3 197.0 56.0 176.3 22.0 658.6 147.2 - 74,570 40 24,250 1956 1,985.9 130.7 654.0 1,047.1 654.0 304.8 682.2 - 60.1 5.7 1,120.0 148.0 213.4 74,570 13 74,400 1957 3,925.4 139.6 654.0 1,052.7 608.9 252.8 749.2 45.1 50.7 4.8 1,120.0 148.0 2,174.9 74,570 - 74.400 1958 3,268.0 136.9 654.0 1,068.5 598.5 306.4 695.7 55.5 66.4 6.2 1,120.0 173.1 1,505.2 74,570 - 74,400 1959 2,587.5 129.4 654.0 1,094.0 640.5 300.8 711.3 13.5 81.9 7.5 1,120.0 148.0 830.6 74,570 67 74,400 1960 1,652.6 117.9 654.0 1,069.8 598.5 251.0 683.5 55.5 135.3 12.6 1,120.0 148.0 1.7 74,570 19 74,400 1961 2,658.8 128.8 654.0 1,077.5 654.0 377.4 695.7 - 4.3 - 1,120.0 148.0 802.9 74,570 100 74,400 1962 1,615.3 114.2 654.0 882.8 654.0 288.3 552.7 - 41.8 4.7 1,033.9 148.0 - 74,570 100 54,300 1963 2,637.5 119.3 654.0 1,130.4 608.3 293.3 746.3 45.7 90.8 8.0 1,120.0 148.0 876.4 74,570 4 74,400 1964 2,564.6 131.3 654.0 1,157.8 618.8 374.3 732.2 35.2 51.3 4.4 1,120.0 148.0 708.0 74,570 100 74,400 1965 4,537.9 140.5 654.0 1,002.7 634.5 214.8 763.3 19.5 24.6 2.5 1,120.0 151.3 2,781.3 74,570 - 74,400 1966 1,432.4 112.1 654.0 788.8 598.0 350.5 376.4 56.0 61.7 7.8 828.8 146.5 - 74,570 100 42,760 1967 1,100.1 100.3 654.0 518.0 606.5 184.1 149.0 47.5 144.9 36.0 691.8 206.6 - 74,570 - 15,380 1968 2,924.0 133.3 654.0 1,077.4 606.6 332.5 689.8 47.4 55.1 5.1 1,120.0 148.0 1,220.5 74,570 100 74,400 . 1969 1,148.1 94.8 654.0 516.0 623.0 242.6 187.6 31.0 85.8 16.6 676.3 148.0 - 74,570 - 19,000 1970 3,992.5 134.7 654.0 1,102.4 654.0 322.1 735.2 - 45.1 4.1 1,120.0 148.0 2,146.5 74,570 55 74,400 1971 6,783.5 146.2 654.0 1,114.7 654.0 401.9 712.8 - - - 1,120.0 219.7 4,796.9 74,570 100 74,400 1972 1,151.0 101.5 654.0 578.5 618.7 181.0 321.4 35.3 76.1 13.1 748.8 148.0 - 74,570 25 34,060 1973 3,349.6 120.8 654.0 1,076.6 634.5 167.5 716.1 19.5 193.0 17.9 1,120.0 148.0 1,710.6 74,570 - 74,400 1974 2,318.6 128.7 654.0 1,014.7 603.5 213.3 719.1 50.5 82.3 8.1 1,120.0 148.0 654.0 74,570 - 74,400 1975 4,326.0 143.1 654.0 1,026.8 615.2 278.9 683.8 38.8 64.1 6.2 1,120.0 200.4 2,552.7 74,570 - 74,400 1976 3,549.8 136.6 654.0 1,124.4 654.0 392.8 704.7 - 26.9 2.4 1,120.0 229.8 1,632.3 74,570 66 74,400 1977 4,869.5 143.3 654.0 1,098.2 640.4 356.3 692.1 13.6 49.8 4.5 1,120.0 148.0 3,119.2 74,570 100 74,400 1978 4,166.5 132.7 654.0 1,006.4 654.0 231.1 758.9 - 16.4 1.6 1,120.0 148.0 2,389.8 74,570 100 74,400 Ave. 2,853 125 654 928 627 289 570 26.6 69.0 7.4 1,036 160 1,205 74,570 48 63,830 a/ Serving net CCA of 74,750 ha, and using Rabi/1HW Cropping Pattern with 24% HW Paddy and with 220 MCM active reservoir capacity reserved for Orissa. 1/ M and I shortages would be eliminated in actual operation by carrying over a minimum amount in storage in order to meet June requirement when nflow is below average and by adjusting hot weather planting in January/February to better fit available supplies in storage. M INDIA SUBERNAREKHA IRRIGATION PROJECT Summary of Ichha Reservoir Operation at Full Development Stage a/ Unit - MCM Demands Amount Supplied Shortages End of Month Kharif Planting Rabi/HW Reservoir Irrigation Irrigation Res Content % Early Planting Year Inflow Evaporation M & I Irrigation M & I Kharif Rabi/HW M & I MCM % Sept 2 Spills Hectares Planting Ha*2/ 1954 385.4 69.0 72.0 306.7 72.0 104.7 187.7 - 14.3 4.7 281.6 92.0 - 60,250 100 20,514 1955 863.9 92.4 72.0 639.9 72.0 288.3 331.6 - 20.0 3.1 341.6 171.6 - 60,250 12 29,089 1956 2,269.1 157.0 72.0 795.9 72.0 217.5 578.4 - - - 968.0 382.3 1,033.6 60,250 100 60,250 1957 1,182.8 151.8 72.0 835.1 72.0 197.0 638.1 - - - 968.0 288.1 218.1 60,250 100 60,250 1958 731.1 102.8 72.0 732.5 72.0 248.8 483.7 - - - 481.3 111.8 - 60,250 100 49,041 1959 1,634.6 140.6 72.0 875.6 72.0 228.3 631.8 - 15.5 1.8! 968.0 311.3 362.5 60,250 82 60,250 1960 1,639.5 149.4 72.0 830.8 72.0 187.9 642.9 - - - 968.0 295.6 603.0 60,250 100 60,250 1961 1,471.7 153.0 72.0 833.3 72.0 251.8 581.5 - - - 968.0 351.7 357.3 60,250 100 60,250 a 1962 380.5 87.8 72.0 606.4 60.0 173.5 327.2 12.0 105.7 17.4 429.9 83.7 - 60,250 100 41,703 1963 540.7 74.5 72.0 477.3 66.0 119.3 275.3 6.0 82.7 17.3 328.6 89.2 - 60,250 0 27,224 1964 889.4 92.7 72.0 885.1 66.0 166.5 562.4 6.0 156.2 17.6 577.7 91.0 - 60,250 0 60,250 1965 761.8 90.1 72.0 752.5 66.0 86.9 519.3 6.0 146.3 19.4 576.3 90.5 - 60,250 11 60,250 1966 548.6 70.3 72.0 493.7 60.0 204.8 219.4 12.0 69.5 14.1 330.9 84.6 - 60,250 100 27,554 1967 1,143.3 120.7 72.0 842.1 72.0 238.4 607.9 - 6.8 0.8' 768.1 188.9 - 60,250 0 60,250 1968 1,415.8 143.8 72.0 841.6 72.0 204.8 626.7 - 10.1 1.21/ 968.0 294.3 263.1 60,250 90 60,250 1969 863.2 115.3 72.0 856.2 72.0 226.0 630.2 - - - 738.3 114.0 - 60,250 100 60,250 1970 1,190.4 131.2 72.0 841.1 72.0 194.8 625.9 - 20.4 2.41I 793.6 280.5 - 60,250 68 60,250 1971 1,060.5 144.4 72.0 821.8 72.0 229.0 592.8 - - - 831.7 302.8 - 60,250 100 60,250 1972 694.2 104.3 72.0 801.3 66.0 177.8 558.6 6.0 64.9 8.1 631.5 90.2 - 60,250 100 60,250 1973 1,820.7 140.0 72.0 828.4 72.0 127.8 642.9 - 57.7 7.01 968.0 363.1 565.1 60,250 0 60,250 1974 990.1 143.6 72.0 844.1 72.0 232.6 611.5 - - - 882.7 287.4 6.2 60,250 100 60,250 1975 1,224.5 146.1 72.0 825.4 72.0 256.0 569.4 - - - 968.0 349.7 118.6 60,250 100 60,250 b 1976 554.7 89.8 72.0 784.0 66.0 270.0 386.7 6.0 127.3 16.2 415.8 92.0 - 60,250 100 52,822 , 1977 1,485.3 148.4 72.0 820.0 72.0 194.1 625.9 - - - 968.0 312.6 224.3 60,250 100 60,250 1978 930.8 145.1 72.0 786.9 72.0 144.6 642.3 - - - 832.5 239.4 - 60,250 100 60,250 Ave. 1,066.9 120.2 72.0 758.8 69.8 198.8 524.0 2.2 35.9 5.2 718.2 214.3 150.1 60,250 75 53,298 Al Depleted inflows, full lining and maximum rabi/lW cropping intensity of 100%. 1/ Irrigation shortages in these years would be reduced by further delaying start of irrigation thus reducing average shortage to 4.7%. 2] Using cropping pattern shown in Table 6, Page 2 having 25% hot weather paddy. INDIA SUBERNAREKHA IRRIGATION PROJECT Project Component bu Time (RUPEES Million) Total Base Costs ---------------------------------------------------------------------- (US$ 81/82 82/83 83/84 84/85 85/86 86/87 87/88 88/89 89/90 90/91 91/92 92/93 93/94 94/95 95/96 RUPEES Million) A. CHANDIL COMPLEX DAM 204.7 48.6 70.6 90.4 120.9 143.0 172.1 188.8 14.7 20.3 19.2 - - - - 1,093.3 121.5 CANALS 16.6 22.6 41.9 73.6 93.2 115.3 141.7 156.8 161.1 85.0 62.4 21.7 18,2 - - 1,009.9 112.2 IRRIGATION DISTRIBUTION AND DRAINAGE BLOCKS - - - 6.3 12,; 31.4 58.6 70.5 70.5 55.2 39.8 25.1 - - - 370.0 41.1 Sub-Total CHANDIL COMPLEX 221,3 71.3 112.5 170,2 226.6 289.7 372,4 416.1 246.3 160o4 121.4 46.8 18,2 - - 2t473.2 274.8 B. ICHHA COMPLEX DAMS 5.0 13.6 28,0 40.2 51.8 80.6 125.0 168.2 166.2 26.1 13.8 - - - - 718.5 79.8 CANALS 7,5 10.6 19.0 26.9 36.8 43.0 39.1 37.4 18.1 8.4 5.0 - - - - 251.7 28.0 IRRIGATION DISTRIBUTION AND DRAINAGE BLOCKS - - - - 3.1 30.8 61.6 61.6 60.0 49.6 25.8 - - - - 292.5 32.5 Sub-Total ICHHA COMPLEX 12.5 24.2 47.0 67.1 91.7 154,4 225.6 267.2 244.3 84.0 44.6 - - - - 1P262.6 140.3 C. KHARKAI COMPLEX BARRAGE - - - - - - - 9.8 20.4 34.9 49.6 64.1 23,2 - - 201.9 22.4 CANALS - 3.3 5.8 9.8 16.8 17.4 17.4 15.8 4.4 2.6 2.6 - - - - 95.9 10.7 IRRIGATION DISTRIBUTION AND DRAINAGE BLOCKS - - - - 8.1 14.6 17.8 17.8 14.6 16.1 - - - - - 88.9 9.9 Sub-Total KHARKAI COMPLEX - 3.3 5.8 9.8 24.9 31.9 35.2 43.4 39.4 53.6 52.2 64.1 23.2 - - 386.7 43.0 D, GALUDIH COMPLEX BARRAGE - 8.1 16.9 14.9 27.1 28.5 34.5 34.7 11.5 - - - - - - 176.2 19.6 LINK CANAL - 12.6 27.5 40.4 44.8 53.6 54.2 45.5 23.7 8.4 - - - - - 310.8 34.5 LEFT BANK CANAL - - - - - - - 5.9 19.9 36.9 33.3 31.0 9*9 6.2 - 143.1 15.9 IRRIGATION DISTRIBUTION AND DRAINAGE BLOCKS - - - - - 4.1 5.5 4.1 9.2 12.3 9.2 - - - - 44.4 4.9 Sub-Total GALUDIH COMPLEX - 20.7 44,4 55.3 71.9 86.2 94.2 90.2 64.3 57.6 42.5 31.0 9.9 6.2 - 674.5 74.9 E. ORISSA WORKS - - - - - 43.2 97.2 163.2 194.2 216.4 225.2 203.6 129.1 52.8 - 1,324.9 147.2 F. ESTABLISHMENT COSTS 34.2 15.0 28.3 42.9 61.1 92.2 127.6 148.9 119.9 88.7 72.3 46.8 24,5 8.4 - 910.9 101.2 Total BASELINE COSTS 268.0 134.5 238.1 345.4 476.1 697,7 952.1 1,128.9 908.5 660.7 558.2 392,4 204,9 67.4 - 7,032#9 781.4 Physical Contingencies 21.1 14.5 26.4 38.7 52.9 77.6 105.7 121.7 109.5 84.9 72.2 51.7 27,1 8.8 - 812.8 90.3 Price Contingencies - 6.3 33.2 80.7 159.2 301.1 498.9 700.2 665.3 561.3 540.8 430.5 252,2 92.4 - 4322.1 480.2 Total PROJECT COSTS1/ 289.1 155.4 297.7 464.8 688.2 1,076.4 1,556.8 1,950.8 1,683.2 1,306#9 1I171.1 874.6 484,1 168.6 - 12,167.8 1,352.0 Foreign Exchange 44.4 35.1 57.B 80,9 104.8 156.6 222.9 283.0 246.5 191.9 172,7 130.3 69.3 24,0 - 1,820.2 202.2 . April 12, 1982 15:19 1/ Excluding items F, C, H, I in Table 4b. - 69 - Table 4b INDIA SUBERNAREKHA IRRIGATION PROJECT Project Component bv Time (RUPEES Million) Total Base Costs -- --------- --------7-------------------- (US$ 82/83 83/84 84/85 85/86 RUPEES Million) A. CHANDIL COMPLEX DAN 48.6 70.6 90.4 120.9 330.5 36.7 CANALS 22.6 41,9 73.6 93.2 231.2 25.7 IRRIGATION DISTRIBUTION AND DRAINAGE BLOCKS -' - 6.3 12.6 18.8 2.1 Sub-Total CHANDIL COMPLEX - 71.3 112.5 170.2 226.6 580.6 64.5 B. ICHHA COMPLEX DAM 13.6 28.0 40.2 51.8 133.6 14.8 CANALS 10.6 19.0 26.9 36.8 93.2 10.4 IRRIGATION DISTRIBUTION AND DRAINAGE BLOCKS - - - 3.1 3.1 0.3 Sub-Total ICHHA COMPLEX 24.2 47,0 67.1 91.7 229,9 25.5 C. KHARKAI BARRAGE COMPLEX CANALS 3.3 ,.5.8 9.8 16.8 35.7 4.0 IRRIATION DISTRIBUTION AND DRAINAGE BLOCKS - - - 8.1 8.1 0.9 Sub-Total KHARKAI BARRAGE COMPLEX 3.3 5.8 9.8 24.9 43.8 4.9 D. GALUDIH COMPLEX BARRAGE 8,1 16.9 14.9 27.1 67.0 7.4 CANALS 12.6 27,5 40v4 44.8 125.3 13.9 Sub-Total GALUDIH COMPLEX 20.7 44,4 55,3 71.9 192.3 21.4 E. ESTABLISHMENT COSTS 15.0 28.3 42.9 61.1 147.5 16.4 F. MONITORING, EVALUATION AND STUDIES 0.2 0.8 0.9 0.7 2.6 0.3 6. RESEARCH 0.2 0.6 0.6 0.3 1,8 0.2 H. PILOT IRRIGATION AREAS 2.7 1.3 0.1 0.1 4.1 0b5 I. TRAINING 01 6.1 4.6 4.2 15.0 1.7 J. POLLUTION CONTROL 0.1 0.5 0.4 0.1 1.0 0.1 Total BASELINE COSTS 137,7 247.3 352.0 481.5 1P218.6 135.4 Phusical Contingencies 14.8 27.2 39.2 53.3 134.6 15.0 Price Continjencies 6.5 34.5 82,2 160.9 284.1 31.6 Total PROJECT COSTS 159.0 309,0 473.5 695.8 1,637.3 181.9 Foreign Exchanle 35.7 59.6 82.3 106.0 283.6 31.5 Julv 8, 1982 15:37 -70- Table 4c INDIA SUBERNAREKHA IRRIGATION PROJECT Table 101. CHANDIL DAM Detailed Cost Table Base Costs (RUPEES Million) 82/83 83/84 84/85 85/86 Total I. CAPITAL COSTS A. SURVEYS AND INVESTIGATIONS 1.6 1.2 0.9 0.5 4.2 B. LAND AQUISITION AND RESETTLEMENT 8.5 17.0 25.5 42.4 93.4 C. DAM AND APPURTENANT WORKS EARTH DAN LEFT FLANK 4.1 5.1 7.2 10.3 26.7 CONCRETE DAN 19.7 31.5 43.3 63.0 157.5 SPILLMAY BATES - - - - - TEMPORARY BUILDINGS 9.4 9.4 7.0 - 25.8 ACCESS ROAD 1.6 1.6 1.2 - 4.5 MISC. 1.5 1.8 2.2 2.9 8.4 Sub-Total DAM AND APPURTENANT WORKS 36.3 49.5 61.0 76.2 222.9 D. BUILDINGS 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.7 2.0 E. EDUIPMENT /a 1.9 2.5 2.5 1.1 8.0 Total CAPITAL COSTS 48.6 70.6 90.4 120.9 330.5 II. OPERATING COSTS A. ESTABLISHMENT COSTS 7.0 10.2 13.1 17.9 48.2 Total OPERATING COSTS 7.0 10.2 13.1 17.9 48.2 Total BASELINE COSTS 55.6 80.8 103.5 138.8 378.7 /a Net of Purchase costs less receipts and salvage values. July 8r 1982 15*36 -71- Table 4d IEIA SUEMKN IRISTION PROJECT Table 102. CHABIL CMALS Detailed Cost Table Base Costs (RUPEES Million) 82/83 83/84 84/85 85/86 Total I. CAPITAL COSTS A. SURVEYS MD INVESTIGATIONS 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.7 5.7 1. LMD AGUISITION MD RESETTLEMENT 1.3 1.5 1.9 1.9 6.7 C. RIGHT BMK CMAL 1. EARTH WORKS - - - - - 2. LINING - - - - - 3. STRUCTURES ESCAPES - - - - - RE6ULATORS - - - - - BRIDGES - - - - - C.D. WORKS - - - - - OTHER - - - - - Sub-Total STRUCTURES - - - - - 4. ACCESS ROADS - - - - - 5. MISC. - - - - - 6. DISTRIBUTARIES - - - - - Sub-Total RIGHT BMK CMAL - - - - - D. IRRIGATION DISTRIBUTION AND DRAINAGE BLOCKS /a - - - - - E. LEFT BMK CMAL - 1. EARTH WORKS 11.6 23.2 46.3 54.0 135.1 2. LINING - 2.9 5.7 10.0 18.6 3. STRUCTURES ESCAPES - 0.1 0.3 0.5 0,9 REGULATORS - 0.3 0.6 1.0 1.9 FALLS - 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.4 BRIMES - 0.4 0.7 1.3 2.4 C.D. WORKS - 2.3 4.6 8.1 15.0 OTHER - 0.2 0.4 0.7 1.4 TEMPORARY BUILDINGS - 0.5 0.9 1.6 2.9 Sub-Total STRUCTURES - 3.8 7.7 13.4 24.9 4. ACCESS ROADS - 0.3 0.6 1.1 2.1 5. MISC. - 1.0 2.0 3.0 6.0 6. DISTRIBUTRIES - - 0.7 1.7 2.4 Sub-Total LEFT BMK CANAL 11.6 31.2 63.1 83.3 189.1 F. IRRIGATION DISTRIBUTION MD DRAINAGE BLOCKS /b - - 6.3 12.6 18.8 G. MAIN PROJECT DRAINS - - - - - H. BUILDINGS 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 16.7 I. EgUIPMENT /c 4.3 3.6 2.9 2.2 12,9 Total CAPITAL COSTS 22.6 41.9 79.8 105.8 250.1 II. OPERATING COSTS A. ESTABLISHMENT COSTS 2.7 5.7 11.5 15.5 35.4 Total OPERATING COSTS 2.7 5.7 11.5 15.5 35.4 Total BASELINE COSTS 25.4 47.6 91.3 121.2 285.5 /a 11,290 ha /b 63,280 ha /c Net of Purchase costs less receipts and salvase values. -72- Table 46 INDIA SUBERNAREKHA IRRIGATION PROJECT Table 201. GALUDIH BARRAGE Detailed Cost Table Base Costs (RUPEES Million) 82/83 83/84 84/85 85/86 Total I. CAPITAL COSTS A. SURVEYS AND INVESTIGATIONS 1.0 1.4 1.0 0.3 3.6 B. LAND AQUISITION AND RESETTLEMENT 1,0 1,0 1.0 1.0 3.8 C. BARRAGE STRUCTURE AFFLUX BUND - - - - - BASE STRUCTURE - 7.5 11.2 18.7 37.4 SPILLWAY GATES AND HOISTS - - - 5.9 5,9 TEMPORARY BUILDINGS 1.8 3.5 - - 5.3 ACCESS ROAD 2.0 2.0 0.4 - 4.4 MISC. - - 1.0 1.2 2.2 Sub-Total BARRAGE STRUCTURE 3.8 12.9 12.6 25.8 55.2 D. BUILDINGS 1.0 1.0 0.3 - 2.2 E. EQUIPMENT /a 1.4 0.7 - - 2.1 Total CAPITAL COSTS 8.1 16.9 14.9 27.1 67.0 II. OPERATING COSTS A. ESTABLISHMENT COSTS 0.9 2.1 1.9 3.5 8.3 Total OPERATING COSTS 0.9 2.1 1.9 3.5 8.3 Total BASELINE COSTS 8.9 19.0 16.8 30.6 75.3 /a Net of Purchase costs less receipts and salvage values. Julv 8, 1982 15:36 -73- Table 4f INDIA SUBERNAREKHA IRRIGATION PROJECT Table 202. GALUDIH LINK CANAL Detailed Cost Table Base Costs (RUPEES Million) 82/83 83/84 84/85 85/86 Total I. CAPITAL COSTS A. SURVEYS AND INVESTIGATIONS 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.6 2.8 B. LAND AQUISITION AND RESETTLEMENT 3.0 3.0 3.0 0.4 9.4 C. EARTH MORKS 4.2 10.5 16.8 18,9 50.4 D. LINING - 3.4 8.4 11.8 23.6 E. STRUCTURES ESCAPES - 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 REGULATORS - 0.1 0,2 0.4 0.8 BRIDGES - 0.8 1.3 2.1 4.2 C.D. WORKS - 4.8 8.0 9*6 22.5 Sub-Total STRUCTURES - 5.8 9.7 12.3 27.8 F. ACCESS ROADS 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.2 1.3 G. TEMPORARY BUILDINGS 2.4 1.9 - - 4.3 H. DISTRIBUTARIES - - - - - I. IRRIGATION DISTRIBUTION AND DRAINAGE BLOCKS - - - - - J. MAIN PROJECT DRAINS - - - - - K. EQUIPMENT /a 2.0 1.7 1.4 0.6 5.8 Total CAPITAL COSTS 12.6 27.5 40.4 44.8 125.3 II. OPERATING COSTS A. ESTABLISHMENT COSTS 1.1 3.9 6.6 8.3 20.0 Total OPERATING COSTS 1.1 3.9 6.6 8.3 20.0 Total BASELINE COSTS 13.8 31.4 47.1 53.1 145.3 /a Net of Purchase costs less receipts and salvage values. July 8, 1982 15:36 -74- Table 4g INDIA SUBERNAREKHA IRRIGATION PROJECT Table 301. ICHHA DAM Detailed Cost Table Base Costs (RUPEES Million) 82/83 83/84 84/85 85/86 Total I. CAPITAL COSTS A. SURVEYS AND INVESTIGATIONS 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 7.2 B. LAND AQUISITION AND RESETTLEMENT 4.0 6.0 8,0 14.0 32.0 C. DAM AND APPURTENANT WORKS MAIN EARTH DAM - - - 7.7 7.7 SADDLE DAMS - - - 5.5 5.5 MASONRY DAM - - 8.2 19.1 27.3 HEAD REGULATORS - - - - - SPILLWAY GATES - - - - - TEMPORARY BUILDINGS 4.0 1245 14.2 - 30.7 ACCESS ROAD 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.4 5.3 MISC. - - - - - Sub-Total DAM AND APPURTENANT WORKS 5.1 13.9 23.8 33.7 76,5 D. BUILDINGS 0.5 1.3 1.3 0.9 4.0 E. EQUIPMENT /a 2.2 5.0 5.3 1.4 13,9 Total CAPITAL COSTS 13.6 28.0 40.2 51.8 133.6 II. OPERATING COSTS A. ESTABLISHMENT COSTS 1.5 2,9 4.5 6.5 15.3 Total OPERATING COSTS 1.5 2.9 4.5 6.5 15.3 Total BASELINE COSTS 15.1 30.9 44.6 58.2 148.9 /a Net of Purchase costs less receipts and salvage values. Juls 89 1982 15:36 -75.- Table 4h IMIA SUIEMM IRRIGATION PROJECT Table 302. ICHHA CANALS Detailed Cost Table Base Costs (RUPEES Million) 82/83 83/84 84/85 85/86 Total 1. CAPITAL COSTS A. SLWEYS AND INESTIGATIONS 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 1.1 B. LAND WISISTION MD RESETTLEMENT 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 2.2 C. RIGHT DAMK CAN 1. EARTH WORKS 1.4 2.8 5.7 8.5 18.4 2. LINING - 0.6 1.1 1.9 3.5 3. STRUCTURES ESCAPES - 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.5 REGULATORS - 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 BRIDGES - 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.7 C.D. WORKS - 0.4 0.5 0.9 1.8 OTHER - 1.0 1.5 2.5 5.0 Sub-Total STRUCTURES - 1.7 2.5 4.1 8.3 4. ACCESS ROADS - 0.6 1.0 1.8 3.4 5. MISC. 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 1.9 6. DISTRIBUTARIES - 0.7 1.2 2.1 4.0 Sub-Total RIGHT BMK CANAL 1.8 6.8 11.9 18.9 39.5 D, IRRIGATION DISTRIBUTION AND DRAINAGE BLOCKS /a - - - - - E. LEFT BANK CANAL 1. EARTH WORKS - 1.1 1.9 3.1 6.2 2. LINING - - 0.6 1.3 1.9 3. STRUCTURES ESCAPES - - 0.1 0.1 0.2 REGILATORS - - 0.0 0.1 0.1 BRIDGES - - 0.1 0.1 0.2 C.D. WORKS - - 0.3 0.5 0.8 OTHER - - 0.5 0.7 1.2 Sub-Total STRUCTURES - - 0.9 1.5 2.5 4. ACCESS ROADS - 1.3 1.4 1.5 4.2 5. MISC. - 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.7 6. DISTRIBUTARIES - - - 0.4 0.4 Sub-Total LEFT BMK CAAL - 2.5 5.1 8.1 15.7 F. IRRIGATION DISTRIBUTION AND DRAINAGE BLOCS /b - - - 3.1 3.1 S. MIN PROJECT DRAINS - - - - - H. BUILDINGS 7.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 33.0 1. EQUIPMENT /c 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 1.8 Total CAPITAL COSTS 10.6 19.0 26.9 39.9 96.3 II. OPERATING COSTS A. ESTABLISHMENT COSTS 1.5 2.8 4.0 5.9 14.1 Total OPERATING COSTS 1.5 2.8 4.0 5.9 14.1 Total BASELINE COSTS 12.1 21.7 30.9 45.8 110.5 /a 44,310 ha /b 15,940 ha /c Net of Purchase costs less receipts and salvage values, -76- Table 41 INDIA SEMME IMNISATIN PMJECT Table 402. KHARKAI CANALS Detailed Cost Table Base Costs (RUPEES Million) 82/83 83/84 84/85 85/86 Total I. CAPITAL COSTS A. SURVEYS AD INESTIGATIONS 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.8 B. LAND AGUISITION AND RESETTLEMENT 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 1.7 C. RIGHT AND LEFT BANK CANALS 1. EARTH WORKS - 1.6 3.3 5.5 10,4 2. LINING - - 1.1 1.8 2.9 3. STRUCTURES ESCAPES - - 0.1 0.2 0.2 REGULATORS - - 0.1 0.2 0.3 BRIDGES - - 0.2 0.6 0.8 C.D. WORKS - - 0.5 1.5 2.0 Sub-Total STRUCTURES - - 0.9 2.4 3.4 4. TUNEL SECTION - - - 3.4 3.4 5. ACCESS ROADS 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.3 1.6 6. TEMPORARY BUILDINGS 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.5 2.6 7. DISTRIBUTARIES 0,2 0.2 0.3 0.5 1.2 Sub-Total RIGHT AND LEFT BAK CANALS 1.0 3.1 6,9 14.5 25.5 D. IRRIGATION DISTRIBUTION AND DRAINAE BLOCKS LEFT BANK CANAL RIGHT BANK CANAL - - - 8.1 8.1 Sub-Total IRRIGATION DISTRIBUTION AND DRAINA6E BLOCKS - - - 8.1 8.1 E. BUILDINGS 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.0 4.9 F. EQUIPMENT /a 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 2.8 Total CAPITAL COSTS 3.3 5.8 9.8 24.9 43.8 II. OPERATING COSTS A. ESTABLISHMENT COSTS 0.4 0.8 1.4 3.6 6.1 Total OPERATING COSTS 0.4 0.8 1.4 3.6 6.1 Total BASELINE COSTS 3.6 6.6 11.2 28.5 50.0 /a Net of Purchase costs less receipts and salvase values. Table 4j INDIA SUDERNAREKHA IRIGATIM POJECT Table 601. MONITORING , EVALUATION AND STUDIES Detailed Cost Table Base Costs (RUPEES '000) 82/83 83/84 84/85 85/86 Total I. CAPITAL COSTS A. BIHAR 1. PLNNINS AND MONITORING UIIT REGULAR STAFF 21.3 64.0 64.0 64.0 213.4 MICRO-COMPUTER - .64.0 - - 64.0 VEHICLES - 74.7 74.7 - 149.4 OFFICE EQUIPMENT 5.3 21.3 5.3 - 32.0 TRAINING - 10.7 21.3 21.3 53.3 MISCELLANEOUS 10.7 32.0 42.7 42.7 128.0 Sub-Total PLANNING AND MONITORING UNIT 37.3 266.7 208.1 128.0 640.2 2. STUDIES SYSTEM OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE - 106.7 160.1 160.1 426.8 SOCIDECONOMIC BASELINE - - 53.4 53.4 106.7 SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS 40,0 40.0 40.0 40.0 160.1 REHABILITATION EVALUATION 20.1 20.1 20.1 20.1 80.2 AD-HOC STUDIES 20.1 20.1 20.1 20.1 80.2 Sub-Total STUDIES 80.1 186.8 293.5 293.5 854.0 Sub-Total BIHAR 117.5 453.6 501.6 421.6 1,494.2 B, ORISSA MASTER PLAN FOR INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT 106.7 213.4 213.4 106.7 640.2 SYSTEM OPERATIONS - 106.7 160.1 160.1 426.8 Sub-Total ORISSA 106*7 320.1 373.5 266.7 1,067.0 Total CAPITAL COSTS 224.2 773.7 875.0 688.3 2,561.2 Total BASELINE COSTS 224.2 773,7 875.0 688.3 2,561.2 July 8, 1982 15:37 -78- Table 4k INDIA SUBERNAREKHA IRRIGATION PROJECT Table 607, COST OF MATER POLLUTION CONTROL Detailed Cost Table Base Costs (RUPEES '000) 82/83 83/84 84/85 85/86 Total I. CAPITAL COSTS A. TRAINING OF SANITARY ENGINEERS - 266.7 266.7 - 533.5 B. LABORATORY AND MONITORIN6 EgUIPHENT - 53.4 106.7 - 160.1 C. VEHICLES - 85.4 - - 85.4 D. MISCELLANEOUS 53.4 53.4 53.4 53.4 213.4 Total CAPITAL COSTS 53.4 458.8 426.8 53.4 992.3 Total BASELINE COSTS 53.4 458.8 426.8 53.4 992.3 Julv Br 1982 15:37 INDIA SUBERNAREKHA IRRIGATION PROJECT Table 602, RESEARCH - BIHAR Detailed Cost Table Base Costs (RUPEES '000) 82/83 83/84 84/85 85/86 Total I. CAPITAL COSTS STAFF 106.7 213.4 224.1 234.7 778.9 EQUIPMENT 53.4 320.1 320.1 53.4 746.9 CIVIL MORKS 21.3 53.4 53.4 32.0 160*1 MISC. 10.7 32.0 32.0 21.3 96,0 Total CAPITAL COSTS 192.1 618.9 629.5 341.4 1,781.9 Total BASELINE COSTS 192.1 618.9 629.5 341.4 1,781.9 July 8r 1982 15:37 - -79- Table 41 Table 63, PILST RIATI9 AREAS - BIMR Detailed Cost Table Base Costs (RUPEES '000) 82/83 83/84 84/85 85/86 Total I. CAPITA COSTS A. PUMP 746.9 - - - 746.9 3. DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM 533.5 533.5 - - 19067.0 C. ESUIPNENT FOR LININ WITS 266.7 - - - 266.7 B. VEHICLES 149.4 74.7 - - 224,1 E. NISC. 11.3 12.7 23.4 33.4 90.8 Total CAPITAL COSTS 1,707.8 620.9 23.4 33.4 2P385.5 3ER3S WWW2252 222 II. OPERATING COSTS A. ENERGY - 48,0 48.0 48,0 144,0 Total OPERATING COSTS - 48.0 48.0 48.0 144.0 Total BASELINE COSTS 1,707#8 668.9 71.4 91.4 2,529.5 JuIl Be 192 15:37 INDIA SUBERNAREKHA IRRIGATION PROJECT Table 604. PILOT IRRIGATION AREAS - ORISSA Detailed Cost Table Base Costs (RUPEES '000) 82/83 83/84 84/85 85/86 Total I. CAPITAL COSTS At DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM 533.5 533.5 - - 1,067.0 B. LINING EQUIPMENT 266.7 - - - 266.7 C. VEHICLES 149.4 74.7 - - 224.1 D. MISC. - 10.7 16.0 16.0 42.7 Total CAPITAL COSTS 949.6 618.9 16.0 16.0 1,600.5 Total BASELINE COSTS 949.6 618.9 16.0 16.0 1,600,5 Julv 8, 1982 15:37 -80- Table 4m INDIA SUBERNAREKHA IRRIGATION PROJECT Table 605. TRAINING - BIHAR Detailed Cost Table Base Costs (RUPEES '000) 82/83 83/84 84/85 85/86 Total I. CAPITAL COSTS A. TRAINING FACILITIES FOR MINOR SYSTEM AND MATER MANAGEMENT BUILDINGS - 2v134.0 1,067.0 1P067.0 4,268.0 STUDY TOURS, TRAINING ALLOUANCE - 53.4 213.4 160.1 426.8 MISC. - 53.4 213.4 160.1 426.8 OFFICE SUPPLY, MAINTENANCE - 32.0 10.7 10.7 -53*4-- INCREMENTAL SALARIES 53.4 266.7 106.7 106.7 533.5 Sub-Total TRAINING FACILITIES FOR MINOR SYSTEM AND WATER MANAGEMENT 53.4 2,539.5 1,611.2 1,504.5 5,7085 B. TRAINING FOR REHABILITATION - 1,035.0 1,375.4 1,173.7 3,584.1 Total CAPITAL COSTS 53.4 3,574.5 2Y986.5 2,678.2 9p292.5 Total BASELINE COSTS 53.4 3,574.5 2,986*5 29678,2 9v292.5 Julv By 1982 15:37 -81- Table 4n INDIA SUBERNAREKHA IRRIGATION PROJECT Table 606. TRAINING - ORISSA Detailed Cost Table Base Costs (RUPEES '000) 82/83 83/84 84/85 85/86 Total I. CAPITAL COSTS A. TRAINING FACILITIES FOR MINOR SYSTEM AND WATER MANAGEMENT BUILDINGS - 2,134.0 1067.0 1,067.0 49268.0 STUDY TOURS, TRAINING ALLOWANCE - 53.4 213.4 160.1 426.8 MISC. - 53.4 213.4 160.1 426.8 OFFICE SUPPLY, MAINTENANCE - 32.0 10.7 10.7 53.4 INCREMENTAL SALARIES 53.4 266.7 106.7 106.7 533.5 Sub-Total TRAINING FACILITIES FOR MINOR SYSTEM AND WATER MANAGEMENT 53.4 2,539.5 19611.2 1,504.5 5*708.5 Total CAPITAL COSTS 53.4 2539.5 1P611.2 1,504.5 5,708.5 Total BASELINE COSTS 53.4 2539.5 1,611.2 1,504.5 5,708.5 Julv 8r 1982 15:37 -82- Table 4o INDIA SUBERNAREIBA IRRIGATION PROJECT Cost Summary - Equipment and Vehicles Total Method of Quantity Cost Procurement 1. Heavy Equipment and Heavy Vehicles Tractor, Dozer, Crawler - 180-200 HP 8 12.8 ICB Tractor, Dozer, Crawler - 275-300 HP 3 6.6 " Dump Truck - 25 Ton 2 3.0 Vibratory Roller Self-propelled smooth drum - 8-10 Tons 2 1.6 " High Speed Compactors 2 2.4 Tractor, Crawler - 90-100 HP 16 12.8 Hydraulic Cranes - 20-25 Ton 2 3.0 Cranes (Ele./Hyd.) - 10 Ton 4 3.6 Grout Pump (net less than 6 MP and 500 psi) 12 0.8 " Battery Locootice - 4-5 Tons 2 0.8 Agitating care - 4-5 cum 4 1.6 Jaw Crusher - 20" x 12" 2 1.2 Subtotal 50.2 2. Light Equipment and Light Vehicles Tampers, Penumatic 20 0.50 LCB Sheep Foot Rollers, Single Drum 4 0.08 " Sheep Foot Rollers, Double Drum 16 0.56 " Water Tankers - 4000 liters 25 1.50 Water Tankers - 2000 liters 30 1.00 Truck, Water Tank - 1000 liters 9 2.25 Concrete Mixers - 10/7 cu/ft. 20 0.40 " Pan Mixers - .25 m 6 0.75 " Vibrators, Large 10 0.15 Vibrators, Small 60 0.36 Battery Chargers 4 sets 0.60 Air Compressors, Diesel - 335 CFM 30 6.00 Wagon Drills 12 2.16 Jack Hammers 40 0.24 Trucks and Trailers, Low Boy - 20 tons 4 2.00 Trailers - 7.5 tons 200 0.90 Trailers - 4 to 5 tons 20 0.60 4 x 4 Units, Diesel 80 5.60 Mini Bus 2 0.20 Ambulance 4 0.40 Launch, Motor 2 0.30 Boat, Motor 4 0.20 Staff Bus 4 0.72 Station Wagon 6 0.48 Van, Truck 4 0.30 Automobiles 2 0.15 Van Truck (Explosives) 1 0.23 Pumps, Eletrical/Diesel - 5-40 HP Var. 2.00 Pumps, Submersible 4 0.02 Pumps, Jetting 4 0.02 Drilling Machines 10 2.50 Pumps, High Head 6 0.30 Payment Breakers 12 0.60 Pumps, Grout 12 0.78 Packer Assembly 18 0.18 Various Generators 54 6.30 Welding Sets, Portable - Diesel 10) - Electrical 10) - Gas 2) 0.82 Cranes, Overhead - 3-5 tons 2 0.30 Weight Bridge 20-30 tons 2 0.60 Chipping Hammers 12 0.02 Trailers (for 4x4 units) 24 0.19 Rooters 10 0.15 Work Shop Equipment Var. 13.30 Subtotal 56.20 106.40 or US$12.0 M -83- Table 4p INDIA SUBERNAREKRA IRRIGATION PROJECT Cost Allocation by State State 82/83 83/84 84/85 85/86 Total % ---------(Rs M)-------------- Bihar 108.6 208.4 335.3 502.6 1,154.9 71 Orissa 47.8 96.4 132.4 184.7 461.3 28 West Bengal 2.6 4.2 5.8 8.5 21.1 1 TOTAL 159.0 309.0 473.5 659.8 1,637.3 100 PROCUREMENT SCHEDULE FOR CIVIL WORKS COU TSy INDIA C IL SCHEME R SUBERNAREKA IRRICATION PROJECT EHD19 R219 83 1984 -e85 1886 87 DAMS ATA APPTAUAL 1. Concrete and Earth Ev,.E - - Bam ICB 528.0 ~~ -m APPRAISA . T -r - - ----- -- -¯ 2. Gates ICB 48.0 EVED LEFT MAIN CANAL - CHANDIL 1. Earthwork (EW) and bed lining (BL) - var -LCB 34.1 EVISED-- rious separated teach s 2. EW approach and tunne APRAISAL Km 2.77, EW km 5.48 LCB 37.7 ISDa.ND to 7.01 3. EW and bed lining ^r"^'S^ Km 4.54 to 5.48 and 7.31 to 10.36 LCB 13.5 ^4= 4. Structures Km 7.01 and 7.92 LCB 11.1 RSE to 19.97 5. EW and bed lining and structures Km 10.35 LCB 16.1 VE- to 16.15 cTA 6. Slope lining EV- Km 0 to 13.41 LCB 6.2 Start time slice (TS) •OEnd TS -PROUCLIUIEATION MCTIE ~TTIONS ME.-. P A-INIIATE P~PARATON OFIPRQUAIF1CATION PC MENT$ IINITIATEDPREPAIATN OFP CIFICATIONS AND BID DOCIMENTS 9 CONSUTION 6COMNL.ETE IC-NT.ENATIOAL ANDEVALUATIONmITEIPIA 2 RANMIT SECIFICATIONS AND I$DCMENTSY TL IDA ID CONETFIuTN~mCO~~LT COWETmVESIDDING a-TRD-AIDOC4MENTSANDCRITEnIATOIDA 3 IDACLEARANCEOF PEClIFICATIONANDBIDDO-CMENTS 1C CONSTRUCTiON75%COLETE LC-LOCALCOWETITVE C-IDACLEAFANO.D ODD.NTSADC.ID. . RID 4 IMUE INVATIONTOIID 12 CNSTRDCTIN 1-OMIT.PLEE 11DNG -S1DS PSD*,*INOTI.1 5 OPEN eID " JO«cE DDO-DN CIPTO DCONTRACTOf PREGALIFICATION DATA ~ATEVALUATION REPORT AND AND RECOAMENDATIONS TO IDA -TAkmT EVALUAtNREPORTANDRE CO.AEN~AT..N 7ID,ALEARANCE DECOMMENDA IDNS G-IDA CLEARAINCE OF AECOlEATONg AWDNADICT D PROCUREMENT SCHEDULE FOR CIVIL WORKS INDIA CHANDIL SCHEME PnOT SUBER1AREKHA IRRIGATION PROJECT us O9t 82 1e 83 .s84 u 85 Nk 86 ,0 7 FF E~T1MATE OlICWqPTIONOFWORKS0 r E 8 7. E1W Km 16.76 to 20.42 and AllAiiAL EW . bed lining and struc:- REVMD-- ures Km 20.42 to 37.49 ICB 62.5 ACnJL- 8. Cut and cover AAAL Km 16.45 to 16.76, 25.29 ICB 52.1 ~Ev--D to 26.36 & 36.72 to 39.3A 9. Slope lining vE- Km 13.41 to 27.12 LCB 6.0 10. EW, bed lining and APRAIIAL ---- *trurture LC 79FEvm.E Km 39.31 to 41.14 LCB 1.9C 11. Slope lining .v.D Km 17.48 to 41.14 LCB 5.5 12. Railway crossing bridge and approach by GOI LCB 1.2 nEvisE Railways -C-u-L JAMSHEDPUR DIVISION . EW and lining Km 43.28 to 56.61 LCB 38.8 01v100 2 Construction of Kita Nalla Dam at Km 43.28 LCB 10.0 3 Structures Km 43.28 to 51.81 LCB 7.7 ED slice (TS) Endlu TaS A-IN,TI ATIONOF P ~ .UAt#IPoCATMNOC ET 1 INITTITE PTlIPAPIATION W IPC ~ AND 0 ~BIOCUENTS ~ 9 CCO LICB-JNTERNAIONAL ANDEvALUATIONC0qlTERIA 2 TRANaIITCPCIFICATI0ONADBODOCUME*4NT8TO IDA 10 CONOTRUCTION 1040C0.ETE CO00 f iv10 OING040 -T~A ckTC UMENTSANDC0~TERIA TO IDA 3DA CLEAiANcf OP fElCWICATODN ANO BIO DOCUINTS 1I CONATOuCTION ANDLT LCD-~NT3LOCAL CO -~4TITI C-0ACLEAAbC~ OOCuIMINTSNITERIA 4 M-~ j~INV,TATHONTBID 42 CONSTOUCT~~ON100 IOMPl ~IDNC E-fEC k, OF CONTRACTOM PM1GUAl49[CATION DATA . TIRANM0T IvALATION REPO~T ANDAWAD MECOM~ENDATNTO IDA. -TRA ITi[VAtUAT"«O -QCCFFT AN I0COMMENOAT~IONTOIDA 7 tDACLEARANCE OF FlCOMNDATION1 G-10ACLE~AAC 0F RECMIN0AT046g i AWARDCONTRACT e0 PROCUREMENT SCHEDULE FOR CIVIL WORKS CoUNTRY INDIA CHANDIL SCHEME ,ooCT SUBERNAREKHA IRRIGATION PROJECT MET 'DD 191 9 85 1-86 1-87 DIIq,PIOOAPPRAtSAuL- CSI-- - - ¯ M0 MRs IN 1 4 Structures REV ED3-F-E-- k. 51.81 to 56.61 LCB 5.3 5 Slope lining Km 43.28 to 56.61 LCB 10.2 FEV..ED ACTUAL -- 6 EW, and bed lining Km 56.61 to 59.64 LCB 20.5 REVSED --- 7 EW and bed lining P Km 60.16 to 63.39 and ICB 45.0 EVIBE Str. Km 59.71 to 63.39 C--AL 8 Slope lining ^""^'t^' Km 56.61 to 63.39 LCB 23.5 REVMED 9 EW and bed lining Km 63.39 to 78.54 LCB 37.8 REVISED ACTUAL 10 Structures Km 60.91 to 78.54 LCB 14.2 REVISED ACTUAL3 11 Slope lning Km 63.39 to 78.54 LCB 10.5 REVISED A.CTUAL REVISED··-- - - - DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM ACTUAL 1 3256 ha LCB 18.8 RVSED - - Km 0 to 10.97 AC- Start of time slice (TS) End TS PEQUALIFICATION ACTIONS POCuREMENTACTIONS METHODOF POCUOEMENT A-INOTIATE PEPARAT.ION OF PREQUALIFICATION OC.UETS 1NITIATEPREPARATION OF SPCIFICATIONS AND BID DOCMNTS OCONSTRUCTION 25COMPLT IC-ITERNATIONAL AND EVALUATION C1ITERIA 2 TRANSMI5ECIFICATIONSANDSIDDOCUMENTSTOIDA*10 CONSTRUCTIO N50COMPLETE COMPETITIVE IDDING 5-TRADNGMAITOOCIMENDTS*5NDCITERlATO DA 3 IDAACLEAAUCE-FSPECIFICATIONANDBIDDOCUMENTS 11 CONSTRUCTION75%COMLETE LCB-.LOCAL COMETITIVE C-IOACLEAANCEOFDOCUMENTIAND C1TEIA 4 ISUEINVITATION TO ID 1 CONSTRUCTION 10%COMPLETE ...D.N D-1 5CPEALIFICAT0ONNOftCE 5 OPENUIDg FA-0RCE*ACCONT E-RECE0PT F CONTRACTOR PREQUALIFICATION DATA EVTRAN5MITEALUATION MEPORT AND AWARD RECOMMENDATIONS TO IDA F-TRAnT EVALUATION PORT AND REODAENDATIONS TO IDA 7 IDACLEARANCE OF RECOMMENDATDS G--ACEARANCEORECOMMNDATtONS 0 *WARD CONTRACT n5 PROCUREMENT SCHEDULE FOR CIVIL WORKS CUR INDIA CHANDIL SCHEME 'OILcT gITRRNA RFXHA TRiRTATTON PROJECT METROD 1982 198' 084 0ø85 19 86 87 2. 3478 Ha Km 10.97 to 31.08 LCB 20.1 E - - -- 3. 3253 Ha REVIZED - - Km 43.28 to 47.60 LCB 17.1 4. 3030 HaR Km 47.60 to 60.52 LCB 16.0 5. 3600 Ha Km 60.52 to 63.39 LCB 19.4 6. 2600 Ha Km 63.39 to 74.34 LCB 13.4 APPRA$"AL-- -- 7. 2850 Ha Km 74.34 to 78.54 LCB 14.0 APR I AL-...=... - Start of tlme slice (TS) EdT -EV.EED =- k -"O -- -o -. . A-INITIATE MIPfMAIQN OFPEAULIFICAT1ON 000105 NOAEPEO*,. PSEII*,N00 9OoeO CO c0 XTOIONZ-5IOLETEO -WTEMNAT1ON*L 000 E-t UTION"lTE...' ' ANW0U IT -iCATCIONS0NDBIODOCI^IENTS TOIDA 10 COS5nOrONO*O*cr ,,.VPE¶IIEIE -A.NINSIT~EWSdNTMOE-T50ID 30 JOlACLE*5RAWEOFIIECIFICATIONANDBIOOO-uE0rTSI CONSRIXTION -COW..LCEI .C-0CILOWET$TIVE 'APRATA - -- ¯ . E-RECMITOP OORTRACTDRIIRIOUAlTIO-TA TRAo WiTs EVcAfLT REPORT AND AWARD RECOIMENDATIONS TO ODA APPRAID CLEAR- 0 REOO~ENDATI-- PREQUALI.A CTION PEf-TC C URE CNTACTNEOOROCUE ANDO CEALAOC OTER0PfA002 TRA0 NTPECFCONSNBDOUETTOD 0CNTUTINOCMLT OMEIEIDN B-TRNolDOCMEN$ANCniERITOID 3 DACEARNCEFSPCIFCATONANBIOOCUENT 11CONTRUTION %COPLEE LB-LCALOMEITN PROCUREMENT SCHEDULE FOR CIVIL WORKS INDIA GALUDI1 SCHEME EcT SUBERNAREKHA IRRIGATION PROJECT »Ewo81 21 1,84 '1 85 ''*87 oEsCn~~~~~~ >oo E F S AE APPRA- - - --AL -- - AEV0BE0 - - DAMS 1. Construction of Barrage LCB 130.00 E- ACUA - 2. Gates LCB 30.00.-EVo3 ACTUAL - - - - - - - - 3. Afflux Bund LCB 3.00 vIsEo RIGHT MAIN CANALc 1, EW, bed lining Km 0-10 LCB 11.20 E 2. EW, bed lining 9,- Km 10-20 LCB 10.80 3. EW, bed lining Km 20-30 LCB 12.50 4. EW, bed lining Km 30-40 LCB 11.60 5. EW, bed lining and structures Km 40-60 LCB 30.20 Start of time slice (TS) End TS pn.OU*IPwCATION ACTt<M PR~CUREMENTACTAONg A-NTIATFPARATI-~~F1EQ1ItCAT1IONOOCUMNT 1I,TIATEPREPAFTATIONOFUECIFICATIONI8ANDIDCUMENTS 9 :NITIALDELIVEMY ATSITE ...-IN.TMMATIONAL AIfvALATIONCITIA 2 TRANSMITVPECIFICATIONSAN- 9DOCUMENTSTOlPA 0 INTERIMDELIVER9SAT StE CWETItIVE*IDING inANTDOCtAMENTANDCITA0 IA 3 IDA CLE ARANCE OF SPECIFICATIOUN NDEIOOOCUOMETE 1 FI9AL 9 RYC TARITE LCO-LOFCL COMTN0VE C-1DA CaAApCE OF DOUMENT ANDCRITEMIA 4 MayE INVITATION TO DBD D-M PRGQUIJALIFCATIONO TIC 5 OPEN P.1S-UENT SOPPN RftO~ ~TIACOMIIIEQUAL~ICT~ONDATA TT TRANMIT EVALUATION T.POR AND AWAR0 PECOMI~ TIO11T DO eO-N G0.TIO F-TMl 9T*VLUATO800*D*9AD,g0*igNATIOS TO IDA I vDA CLEARANCE O RECOMMENDATION. 0 G-.A CUARMIO OM M~ ..IND 8 AWARDCONTRACTa PROCUREMENT SCHEDULE FOR CIVIL WORKS INDIA GÅLUDIH SCHEME -D-T SUBERNAREKHA IRRIGATION PROJECT M8HO1 2 1.83 1 84 .•85 E 86 187 ~ElTIONO P ITW OF EUTMATED - AN .c DE OET å < ANT- MENT 0150 4 2 1 APPMAIIAL 6. Structures 0-20 km LCB 5.8 EVsED 7. " 20-40 km LCB 6.9 REVl3E 8. Slope lining 0-30 km LCB 14.3 9. 30-60 km LCB 13.8 8EV080 - REV1-ED - - - - DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM AuAL 1. Distribution system 2670 ha LCB 11.0 GALUDIH LEFT BANK CANAL 1. EW, bed lining AP- -l- L | Structures LCB 11.2 VE 0 to 10 Km AC-- - 2. EW, bed lining A Structures LCB 10.8 01.E 10 to 20 Km 3. EW, bed lining A Structures LCB 12.5 5EISD0 20 to 30 Km Al IOC E AC taTODO PtCiEN End TS ~lj-ET gap slice (TS) .no ,,C.NN N-1TA*l PA AA* 5 PNOPPREQUAUJCAT ODOCUMT i 3NITIATEPREPARATION O s ~CIFICATINANDID OCUMENTS 9 INITIALDELIVIEFYAT1TE ICI-IINAIONAI ANDE VALUATIONnInlA 2 TAN3ITSPlECIFCATONANDIOIDOCUMENTSTOIDA 10 INTEAlMLIVERIESATSITE CETIflVEBIN G -...ATAl DTTOCSASIETO IDA 3 IAACLEARANCEOF IECIFICATIONANDIDOOCUJAENTS I1 FIAALDEEYA SITE LC-LOCAOSEITIVE ~ A,,&wcM N~TII CRIA 4 ~iNVITATION TO EID PS.-ens 5115*7e9 TSACT fJA L,,,CAAm 00* 6 TANEIT EVALUATION REP-8Y AND AWA- RECOMAMDUIATION. TO IDA NEG-NEGOTIATION P--TRAlmilT EVALA|IO7 8 n O SSSOBNATIOM TO 10A 7IDA CLE ARANCE 0F REOMMEO3NDAT 1DNI CIlfflS M T5ION07V 03AWARDCONTAACT . D5-A, PROCUREMENT SCHEDULE FOR CIVIL WORKS ocoR INDIA ICHHA SCHEME FROJECT SUBERNAREKHA IRRIGATION PROJECT D1982 83 84 .'86 DAMS 1. Right Saddle Dams and 57.0 R Canal Regulator 2. Masonry and Uarth D» ICB 47.60 ReiEv - 3. Gates ICB 51.00 REV1-ED - - 4. Left Saddle Dams and LCB 36,5 REVIED -- Canal Regulator APP- - -A-- AL - - - - LEFT AIN ANALREVISED ---- -- -- LEF AIN CANAL -- 1. EW, bed lining and ^N IU^L small structures from LCB 16.4 REVIE - 0 to 17 km ^A' 2. Major canal structure ARIAL from 0 to 13 km LCB 5.7 .REVE - -- 3. Lining of canal slope- from 0 to 13 km LCB 5.7 4. Cut and Cover Section LCB 5.3 RiK-D- 13 to 17 km ATL Start tiM slice (TS) ETHODOFPROC.EMEN PRQUAIFNTION FACYlONI UAIFN 1 INITIATEPREP RATlONOF SCiFICATIONSAND iDDOCUMENTS 9 CONSTRUCTION 2%OMPLETE ICi-INTERNATONAL -NTAEPEATN OFPULC NDMT TRANSMITEFiICAfTONoNOlDOCUMENTSTO 1A010 CONSIIITTlT .N.CO.PLiTE COMPETTIVi BIDNG ANDEVAUT- ~DICiONRi AA 3 DA CLEARANCi OF PCIFICATION AND. -DOMENTS 11CONTRCTI0N 75COMPLTE LC-LOCAL CO~OTIT-E B-O-TR A0il DiOiEN 9ANCRTEOF9FIfFA 4 ISSUE INVITATIONTOO 12 CONSTRUCTI0N 0%COKPLETE 50DING C--~CEA~ACEO DOC~#MNT~AD CRATER A FORCE ACCOUNT iC OF CO C PEALIFJCATIONDiATA 6 ANITEVALUATION EORT AND AWARD RECOMMENDATIONS TO IDA F-TRANiiT EVALUATION REOT AND R IECOIINATON.Toto 7 DOCLEARANCEOFRECOMENDATIONS 0--IDACi.EAN CEOF»FECOEATION8 AWARDCONTRACT PROCUREMENT SCHEDULE FOR CIVIL WORKS TNA -ICHHA SCHEMEs SUBERNAREKHA IRRIGATION PROJECT MEO e82 1- 83 1-84 1n 85 1- 86 1467 mRasA - -f lå ---l-- 5. Distributaries LCB 12.8 6. Distribution blocks totalling 15.940 ha LCB 66.9 REV.. - - - - - - - REvtSD - - - - - - - - RIGHT KIN CACALA 1. EW, bed lining, cut 6 cover and small atruct- LCB 53 4 RED- ures from 0 to 30 kmA L 2. Major canal structure PEVE - 63 no. LCB 15.7i 3. Lining of canal sIope LCB L L. 4. Cut and cover section LCB 23,5 RvE ACTUL - - - - - - - - "- - - --- -- 5.Distributaries LCB 36.5 REVISD - ACTUAL- - - - - --. 6. Distribution blocks totalling 44,310 ha LCB f86.1 Start time slice (TS) End TS ,PREoALIFCATIONACTONS PROCUREMENT AC0OSMEHDO0ROUEMN A-INITIATE PREPAARATNON OF PRE~UL~FCA DOENTS 1 NITIATE PREPARATION OF SPECIFICATIONS AND BID DO-ENTS 9 CONSTR1CTION 25%CONPLETE IC--J5TERNATIONAL ANIDEVALUATOCRITE 2 TAN-plTSPECIFICATIONSAND BIDDOUENTSTO IDA 10 CONSTR-CTION0 %COMPLETE COMP.ET1f.VE1- B-TR0N0MTD ClAEN-SDCITERIATOIDA 3 10ACLEARANCE OF ECIFICATION ANDBIODOCENTS 11 C0R CONSTRUCTO. 0 N5 LETE LD-CACDD4ETITIVE C-IDACt.EARANCDEOFDCUMIENTSANDCRrTERIA 4 ISSUEINVITATIONTOBID 12 CONSTRUCTI0N100%COMPLETE BIDDING ffl~DERQALIFIAONNTICE 5 0PE5 S FA-FORCE ACODUNT E-RECEIPTO,CORACTOfP ffEALIFICATION DATA 6 TRANMITEVALUATIONREPORTANDA0ARDRECOUENDATIONSTO IDA F-aANSEVALCFATeNIEPORT AND RECa~EsDATrIN27DA 7 IDA CLEARANCEOF 0ECOMMENDATIONS G-DA CEARANCE OF REC~55ENDATION. a AWARDCONTRACT PROCUREMENT SCHEDULE FOR CIVIL WORKS INDIA P,,OECT SUBERNAREKHA IRRIGATION PROJECT x-cIIITCIN oF lom o nu-~D DeclONOP Te OC . 19 2 s G ol e APAAL-.. -' - 9i -- .s MEVIE- -L- --- -- KHARKAI BARRAGE cA 1. Barrage Construction ICB 66.4 IVI- - 2. Gate ICB 33.6 IEVo ACTUAL - - - - - - 3. Afflux bundh LCB 20.4 EE ACTUAL K 1ARKAI BARRAGE RIGHT 1E0ED- CANAL ATA I" A l A P P R A -A L - 1. EW and bed lining from 0 to 10 km LCB 11.0 2. Structures from 0 to 10 km LCB 2.7 -EV--ED 3. EW and be lining from 10 to 17.68 km LCB 25.3 CTOAL 4. Structures from 10 to 17.68 km LCB 3.2 ACTUALN PRlO*AUPICATION ACT1048 PROCU0EMENT ACTtONS METHOD OF PMDCUMENT ~-1YATEN-APTETION OPPEALIFICAT10NDOCUMENTS 1NTAPREPARATION OFP CIFICATION AND.ID DOCUMENTS 9 INITIADELNEMY ATBITE IC-ITE.NATIONA. ANw EVALUATIONCITERIA 2 TRANoMIT SPECIFICATIONS AN~ BIO DOCUMENTS TO IDA 10 INTERIM DELIVERIES AT SITE CO~ETITIVE IDDfNIG -TAN>fTOCmiNT8ACnITEIA 0* JDA3 IDACLERANCEOF PECIFICAT- ONANDBIDDOCUMETs 11 FINALDELIVERYAT SITE LC-LOCALCO-ETITIVE c---oa CLAANCE oP DCWNT AND CRITERIA 4 8U ANVTiATION TOIII BII.DING D-JI PEOUAMICATWON NOTICE 0 OPEN BIDS PS -PTRUDENT SHOPPONG g...nEiPTOCONTTO PE-ALPICATION DATA TRIT EVIALUATION REPOT AND AAD RCMMENDATIONSTO IDA NEG-NEGOTIAION P-AMIT EVALUATION~ ~~OMTANR0COtiNDATIOIMsTOIDA 7 IDACLEARANCEOFRECOMMENDATIONS ~0- AC.APIANCIEOPFMIENAT a AWA10CONTRACT PROCUREMENT SCHEDULE FOR CIVIL WORKS C "Y INOTA PRJC SUBERNAREKHA IRRIGATION PROJECT 111211 82 831-8 DECPiNFTM MTO EUT.MATED * 394185 19&687 APPRAåISAL - KHARKAI BARRAGE RIGHT RE- - . CANAL (Cont.) CTA - 5. Jadugoda Distry. LCB 2. 9 6. Marda Distry. at Km 25 LCB 2.6 A. APIAttA -- --4 -ý -t- 7. Murakati Distry. Initial Section LCB 3.0 E_ 8. Murakati Distry. Remaining Sections LCB 3.9 9. 3600 ha - Jadugoda REV --ED Distry. LCB 15.1 10. 3200 ha - Marda Distry, Block LCB 13.4 ACTUA - - - - 11. 3000 ha - Murakati - - - -- Distry, Block LCB 12.6 E -- - - 12. 3000 ha - MurakatiA Distry, Block 2 LCB 12,6 13. 2660 ha - Murakati " Distry. Block 3 LCB 11.2 11VisED MEEJALWICATMEnON ACTOl PRNCREMETRAClN AINI TMEAAIOOJQAIIATIONDOCUMENTB 1 O1JRINATPEPTI( O NO8ECSCTINANBDOCMNE NilLDEoEM TBoEC OT TSOmW I-ANDf-LUATIOI nM.TnA 1 TRAN0 MITSPECIFICATIO*N0SAND 0IDDCMENTSTOIDA 10 [NTERIM DELIVERIES ATSITE CwETIiVEBDDING B- T T 0C 11IITII O ITERIA TO IDA 3 1DA CLEARANCE 0. DCIFICATION AND -IO 00CUMENI, 11 FINAL DELIVeRY AT iTE LCB-LOCAL COMEllTTVE C-10*ACLEAMANCE0OFDOU 01 0ANCRITRIA 0 IUIE IVITATION TO B10 E10D100 D-m ALIFICATION TIC 6 0PEN 100 E-aOtECEWT fO 1NTRCTWJPMOALICTION* 00TA 6l TRA3MIT EVALUATION, REPORT AND »AA RECOMENOATIONO TO 0DA NEG-OEGTIAYION* P-TRATT lmVALUATIONRORANDRECOlENDATION1TO3DA 70* IDA CLEARANCEOF RECOMMENDTIONS G--~0CLEAR~ EFEOlsNAiN DIw'ooTRc Table 6 -94- INDIA SUBERNAREKHA IRRIGATION PROJECT Disbursement Schedule IDA Fiscal Year During and Semester Semester Cumulative (---------us$ M---------- 1983 1st 1.0 1.0 2nd 8.0 9.0 1984 ist 9.0 18.0 2nd 10.0 28.0 1985 1st 12.0 40.0 2nd 16.0 56.0 1986 1st 20.0 76.0 2nd 20.0 96.0 1987 1st 18.0 114.0 2nd 13.0 127.0 -95- Table 7 INDIA SUBERNAREKEA IRRIGATION PROJECT Credit Allocation Category US$ M I. Civil Works Chandil Complex 55.5 80% of expenditures II. Civil Works Galudih Complex 21.0 80% of expenditures III. Civil Works Ichha and Others 30.5 80% of expenditures IV. Equipment, Materials and 10.0 100% of foreign expendi- Vehicles tures or ex-factory cost; or 70% V. Pilot Areas, Research, Studies, Monitoring and Evaluation and Pollution Control 1.0 99% of expenditures VI. Training 2.0 99% of expenditures VII. Unallocated 7.0 TOTAL 127.0 INDIA SUBERNAREKHA IRRIGATION PROJECT Present and Projected Cropping Patterns (% of net CCA) Future With Project Present and Future Without Project Cropping Pattern I 1/ Cropping Pattern II Cropping Pattern III Planting Bihar (160,000 ha) Orissa (90,000 ha) Bihar Orissa Bihar Orissa Bihar Orissa Kharif Period rf irri rf irri rf irri rf irri rf irri rf irri rf irri rf irri Paddy, Local I 15-30 Jun 17 - 24 - - - - - - - - - - - - - Paddy, Local II 1-15 Jul 40 - 60 - 7 3 3 2 7 3 3 2 7 3 3 2 Paddy, HYV I 15-30 Jun - - - - - 35 - 35 - 35 - 35 - 35 - 35 Paddy, HYV II 1-15 Jul - - 3 - - 35 - 40 - 35 - 40 - 35 - 40 Maize 15-30 Jun 2 - 2 - - 5 - 3 - 5 - 3 - 5 - 3 Groundnuts 15-30 Jun - - 1 - - 2 - 2 - 2 - 2 - 2 - 2 Soybeans 1-15 Jun - - - - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 Pulses 15-30 Jun 2 - 2 - - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 Fodder, Jowar 1-15 Jun - - 1 - 2 - 2 - 2 - 2 - 2 - 2 - Vegetables 1-15 Jun 1 - 3 - - 3 - 2 - 3 - 2 - 3 - 2 62 - 96 - 9 88 5 89 9 88 5 89 9 88 5 89 Kharif Crqpping Intensity (%) 62 96 97 94 97 94 97 94 Rabi - Wheat I 1-15 Nov - - - - - 17 - . 15 - 25 - 5 - 10 - 20 Wheat II 16-30 Nov 1.5 - 0.5 - - t17 - 15 - 25 - 5 - 10 - 20 Potato & Vegetables 16-30 Nov 0.5 - 2.5 - - 4 - 4 - 3 - 3 - 5 - 3 * Gram 1-15 Nov 2 - 3.5 - 4 6 4 3 1 2 2 3 3 15 2 3 Berseem 1-15 Nov - - - - - 2 - 2 - 1 - 1 - 3 - 1 Oilseeds 1-15 Nov - - 0.5 - - 5 - 4 - 3 - 8 - 10 - 2 b - 7 - 4 51 4 43 1 59 T25 3 53 2 49 Rabi Cropping Intensity (%) 4 7 55 47 60 27 56 51 Hot Weather Paddy, HYV 15-28 Feb - - - - - 11 - 18 - - - 30 - - - 5 Groundnut 16-31 Jan - - - - - 5 - 3 - 5 - 2 - 5 - 10 Gram (Mung) 16-28 Feb - - - - - 3 - 2 - 5 - 2 - 10 - 5 - - - - 19 - 23 - 10 - 34 - 15 - 20 Hot Weather Cropping Intensity (%) - 19 23 10 3.4 15 20 Perennial Sugarcane 16-31 Jan -- - - 4 - - - 4 - - - 4 Perennial Cropping Intensity (%) - - 4 - 4 - 4 Total Cropping Intensity (%) 66 103 171 168 167 159 168 169 Irrigation Intensity () - - 158 159 157 152 156 162 1/ Several alternative cropping patterns were projected and analyzed. Cropping Pattern I was selected for the Project Analysis. Table 9 -97- INDIA SUBERNAREKHA IRRIGATION PROJECT Area, Yield and Production - Orissa Present Future Without Project Future With Project Area Yield Production Area Yield Production Area Yield Production (ha) (t/ha) ('000 t) (ha) (t/ha) ('000 t) (ha) (t/ha) ('000 t) Paddy Local I 21,600 0.9 19.44 21,600 1.0 21.60 - - - Paddy Local II 54,000 1.3 70.20 54,000 1.5 81.00 1,800 2.2 3.96 Paddy Local II - - - - - - 2,700 1.8 5.94 Paddy HYV I - - - - - - 31,500 3.2 100.80 Paddy HYV II 2,700 1.6 4.32 2,700 1.8 4.86 36,000 3.2 115.20 Maize 1,800 0.7 1.26 1,800 0.8 1.44 2,700 2.2 8.64 Groundnuts 900 0.8 0.72 900 0.8 0.72 1,800 1.7 3.06 Soyabeans - - - - - - 900 1.8 1.62 Pulses 1,800 0.4 4.50 1,800 0.4 4.50 3,600 0.7 2.52 Fodder/Jowar 900 25.0 22.50 900 25.0 22.50 1,800 30.0 54.00 Vegetables 2,700 8.0 21.60 2,700 8.0 21.60 1,800 13.0 23.40 Wheat I - - - - - - 13,500 2.6 35.10 Wheat It 450 1.4 0.63 450 1.5 0.68 13,500 2.5 33.75 Potatoes/Vegetables 2,250 10.0 22.50 2,250 10.0 22.50 3,600 15.0 54.00 Gram 3,150 0.5 1.58 3,150 0.5 1.58 2,700 0.8 2.16 Gram - - - - - - 1,800 0.6 1.08 Oilseeds 450 0.3 0.14 450 0.3 0.14 3,600 0.8 2.88 Berseem - - - - - - 1,800 45.0 81.00 Paddy HYV - - - - - - 13,500 3.4 45.90 Groundnuts - - - - - - 2,700 2.2 5.94 Mung - - - - - - 1,800 0.8 1.44 Maize - - - - - - 1,800 2.4 4.32 Sugarcane - - - - - - 3,600 70.0 252.00 Area, Yield and Production - Bihar Present Future Without Project Future With Project Area Yield Production Area Yield Production Area Yield Production (ha) Ct/ha) ('000 t) (ha) (t/ha) ('000 t) (ha) (t/ha) ('000 t) Paddy Local I 27,200 0.9 24.48 27,200 0.9 24.48 - - - Paddy Local II 64,000 1.3 83.20 64,000 1.5 96.00 4,800 2.2 10.56 Paddy Local II - - - - - - 11,200 1.8 20.16 Paddy HYV I - - - - - - 56,000 3.2 179.20 Paddy HYV II - - - - - - 56,000 3.2 179.20 Maize 3,200 0.7 2.24 3,200 0.8 2.56 8,000 2.2 17.60 Groundnuts - - - - - - 3,200 1.7 5.44 Soyabean - - - - - - 1,600 1.8 2.88 Pulses 3,200 0.5 1.60 3,200 0.5 1.60 6,400 0.7 4.48 Fodder/Jowar - - - - - - 3,200 30.0 96.00 Vegetables 1,600 8.0 12.80 1,600 8.0 12.80 4,800 13.0 62.40 Wheat I - - - - - - 27,200 2.6 70.72 Wheat It 2,400 1.0 2.40 2,400 1.2 2.88 27,200 2.6 70.72 Potatoes/Vegetables 800 8.0 6.40 800 8.0 6.40 6,400 15.0 96.00 Gram 3,200 0.5 1.60 3,200 0.5 1.60 9,600 0.8 7.68 Gram - - - - - - 6,400 0.6 3.84 Berseem - - - - - - 3,200 45.0 144.00 Oilseeds - - - - - - 8,000 0.8 6.40 Paddy HYV - - - - - - 17,600 3.4 59.84 Groundnuts - - - - - - 8,000 2.2 17.60 Mung - - - - - - 4,800 0.8 3.84 Maize - - - - - - 3,200 2.4 7.68 Table 10 -98- INDIA SUBERNAREKHA IRRIGATION PROJECT Summary of Prices for Economic and Financial Analysis (Rs/ton) Economic Prices Financial Prices Crops 1982 1990 1982 1990 Paddy - RYV 2,060 2,470 1,380 1,660 - Local 2,210 2,650 1,480 1,770 Maize 1,080 1,730 1,590 1,620 Groundnut 3,180 4,250 2,950 3,730 Soybeans 2,390 3,870 2,930 3,630 Pulses 3,500 3,700 3,300 3,500 Fodder-Jowar 320 430 280 330 Wheat 1,630 2,070 1,650 2,040 Potatoes 1,040 1,040 1,300 1,300 Vegetables 1,040 1,040 1,300 1,300 Gram 2,370 2,430 1,950 2,000 Berseem 230 230 200 200 Oilseeds 4,400 4,200 4,070 3,890 Sugarcane 160 250 230 380 Inputs Unit Urea Rs/kg 4.7 5.8 4.8 5.9 TSP Rs/kg 4.0 4.7 4.3 5.0 Potasium Chloride Rs/kg 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.1 FYM/Compost Rs/t 19.0 19.0 24.0 24.0 Wage Rates (Per Day) Farm Labor - Rainfed Area 2.2 2.2 3.4 3.4 - Irrigated Area - 3.0 - 4.3 Bullock Pair 9.0 9.0 12.0 12.0 Table 11 -99- INDIA SUBERNAREKHA IRRIGATION PROJECT Crop Yield and Input Data CROP-NAME SEASON YIELD BYPRODUCT LAS BULL N P K FYM CHEM SEED DEPR INTE LTAX IRR ----- (T/ha)------- -------------------(see notes for units)--------------------- CROPS AT PRESENT PADDY LOC I KHARIF 0.90 1.80 112 24 8 3 1 24 0 125 40 40 15 0 PADDY LOC II KHARIF 1.30 2.60 116 24 8 3 1 24 0 135 40 42 15 0 PADDY HYV II KHARIF 1.60 1.60 119 25 25 10 2 24 so 140 40 54 15 0 MAIZE KHARIF 0.70 0.90 65 IB 0 0 0 48 80 120 30 32 15 0 GROUNDNUTS KHARIF 0.80 1.20 76 19 5 10 0 0 0 700 45 62 15 0 PULSES KHARIF 0.40 0.60 34 12 0 0 0 0 0 125 10 18 15 0 FOOER/JOWAR KHARIF 25.00 0.00 40 15 0 0 0 0 0 100 10 19 15 0 VEGETABLES KHARIF 8.00 0.00 135 20 35 20 10 24 80 100 40 58 15 0 WHEAT II RABI 1.40 1.40 69 20 30 15 10 24 0 300 20 51 Is 0 POTATOES/VEG RABI 10.00 0.00 125 20 30 20 20 48 120 4000 40 259 15 0 GRAM RABI 0.50 0.50 40 15 0 0 0 0 0 300 15 29 15 0 OILSEEDS RABI 0.30 0.00 90 22 10 5 0 0 40 36 15 33 15 0 CROPS FUTURE WITHOUT PROJECT PADDY LOC I KHARIF 1.00 2.00 112 24 8 3 1 24 0 135 40 41 15 PADDY LOC II KHARIF 1.50 3.00 116 24 8 3 1 24 0 135 40 42 15 0 PADDY HYV II KHARIF 1.80 1.80 120 25 25 10 2 24 0 140 40 50 15 0 MAIZE KHARIF 0.80 1.00 65 18 0 0 0 48 80 120 30 32 15 0 GROUNDNUTS , KHARIF 0.80 1.20 76 19 5 10 0 0 0 700 45 62 15 0 PULSES KHARIF 0.40 0.60 34 12 0 0 0 0 0 125 10 18 15 0 FODDER/JOWAR KHARIF 25.00 0.00 40 15 0 0 0 0 0 24 10 15 15 0 VEGETABLES KHARIF 8.00 0.00 135 20 35 20 10 48 80 100 40 59 15 0 WHEAT II RABI 1.50 1.50 70 20 30 15 10 24 0 300 20 51 15 0 POTATOES/VEG RABI 10.00 0.00 125 20 30 20 20 48 120 4000 40 259 15 0 GRAM RABI 0.50 0.50 40 15 0 0 0 0 0 300 10 29 15 0 DILSEEDS RABI 0.30 0.00 90 22 10 5 0 0 40 36 15 33 15 0 CROPS FUTURE WITH PROJECT PADDY LOC II KHARIF 2.20 4.40 124 25 30 15 5 48 120 135 40 60 20 40 PADDY LOC II KHARIF 1.80 3.60 119 24 20 10 0 48 120 135 40 54 20 0 PADDY HYV I KHARIF 3.20 3.20 132 26 55 25 10 48 180 140 40 76 20 40 PADDY HYV II KHARIF 3.20 3.20 132 26 55 25 10 48 ISO 140 40 76 20 40 MAIZE KHARIF 2-20 2.70 70 18 60 30 10 72 too 120 30 61 20 30 GROUNDNUTS KHARIF 1.70 2.50 105 20 20 35 5 24 180 700 45 8 20 30 SOYABEANS KHARIF 1.80 2.70 66 17 20 35 5 0 120 210 20 50 20 30 PULSES KHARIF 0.70 1.00 41 12 15 30 0 0 50 125 10 32 20 10 FODDER/JOWAR KHARIF 30.00 0.00 45 15 20 to 0 24 0 24 10 25 20 0 VEGETABLES KHARIF 13.00 0.00 175 20 60 60 30 120 200 100 40 93 20 45 WHEAT I RABI 2.60 2.60 78 22 55 25 15 0 8o 300 20 67 20 35 WHEAT II RABI 2.50 2.50 78 22 55 25 15 0 80 300 20 67 20 35 POTATOES/VEG RABI 15.00 0.00 135 23 60 60 30 192 200 4000 40 291 20 45 GRAM RABI 0.80 0.80 45 15 15 30 0 0 50 300 10 43 20 10 GRAM RABI 0.60 0.60 41 12 10 15 0 0 50 300 10 37 20 0 BERSEEM RABI 45.00 0.00 235 31 30 100 30 0 300 300 1o 115 20 30 OILSEEDS RABI 0.80 0.00 65 212 30 20 0 0 140 36 15 136 20 10 PADDY HYV HOT-SN 3.40 3.40 135 27 60 30 10 48 150 140 40 78 20 90 GROUNDNUTS HOT-SN 2.20 3.30 110 22 25 40 10 0 150 700 10 88 20 30 MUNG HOT-SN 0.80 0.80 48 15 15 30 0 0 50 150 40 37 20 10 MAIZE HOT-SN 2.40 3.00 70 18 60 30 10 72 100 120 30 61 20 10 SUGARCANE PERENN 65.00 0.00 2S0 45 175 so 50 144 420 700 40 225 20 100 LAB : HUMAN LABOR IN MANDAYS BULL: BULLOCK-LABOR IN PAIRDAYS N.P,K: NUTRIENTS IN KILOGRAM FYM : FARMYARD MANURE/COMPOST IN RUPEES CHEM: AGROCHEMICALS IN RUPEES SEED: IN RUPESS DEP : DEPRECIATION OF FIXED CAPITAL IN RUPEES INTE: INTEREST ON WORKING CAPITAL IN RUPEES (13.5% ON 40% DF INPUT COST) LTAX: LAND TAX (LAND REVENUE) IN RUPEES IRR : WATER CHARGE IN RUPEES -100- Table 12 INDIA SUBERNAREKHA IRRIGATION PROJECT Financial Crop Budgets CROP-NAME SEASON YIELD BYPRODUCT GROSS RETURN INPUT COST NET RETURN WATfR REQ-1 NET RETqRN / M3 (T/ha) (T/ha) ------------Rs/ha---------------- m /ha Rs/m CROPS AT PRESENT PADDY LOC I KHARIF 0.90 1.80 1512 1138 374 PADDY LOC 11 KHARIF 1.30 2.60 2184 1168 1016 PADDY HYV II KHARIF 1.60 1.60 2368 1416 952 MAIZE KHARIF 0.70 0.90 1203 886 317 GROUNDNUTS KHARIF 0.80 1.20 2420 1565 855 PULSES KHARIF 0.40 0.60 1395 495 900 FODDER/JOWAR KHARIF 25.00 0.00 7000 535 6465 VEGETABLES KHARIF 8.00 0.00 10400 1489 8911 WHEAT II RABI 1.40 1.40 2576 1254 1322 POTATOES/VEG RABI 10.00 0.00 13000 6053 6947 GRAM RABI 0.50 0.50 1038 774 264 OILSEEDS RABI 0.30 0.00 1221 913 308 CROPS FUTURE WITHOUT PROJECT PADDY LOC I KHARIF 1.00 2.00 1970 1164 806 PADDY LOC II KHARIF 1.50 3.00 2955 1182 1773 PADDY HYV II KHARIF 1.80 1.80 3168 1370 1798 MAIZE KHARIF 0.80 1.00 1396 886 510 GROUNDNUTS KHARIF 0.80 1.20 3044 1575 1469 PULSES KHARIF 0.40 0.60 1475 495 980 FODDER/JOWAR KHARIF 25.00 0.00 8250 447 7803 VEGETABLES KHARIF 8.00 0.00 10400 1577 8823 WHEAT II RABI 1.50 1.50 3345 1310 2035 POTATOES/VEG RABI 10.00 0.00 13000 6105 6895 GRAM RABI 0.50 0.50 1063 768 295 DILSEEDS RABI 0.30 0.00 1167 930 237 CROPS FUTURE WITH PROJECT PADDY LOC II KHARIF 2.20 4.40 4334 1664 2670 3060 PADDY LOC 11 KHARIF 1.80 3.60 3546 1480 2066 PADDY HYV I KHARIF 3.20 3.20 5632 2017 3615 3340 PADDY HYV II KHARIF 3.20 3.20 5632 2017 3615 2600 MAIZE KHARIF 2.20 2.70 3834 1568 2266 635 GROUNONUTS KHARIF 1.70 2.50 6466 2227 4239 635 SOYABEANS KHARIF 1.80 2.70 6669 1310 5359 560 PULSES KHARIF 0.70 1.00 2575 844 1731 220 FODDER/JOWAR KHARIF 30.00 0.00 9900 685 9215 VEGETABLES KHARIF 13.00 0.00 16900 2441 14459 110 WHEAT I RABI 2.60 2.60 5811 1712 4099 5310 0.7720 WHEAT II RABI 2.50 2.50 5588 1712 3876 5740 0.6752 POTATOES/VEG RABI 15.00 0.00 19500 6919 12581 3770 3.3370 GRAM RABI 0.80 0.80 1700 1107 593 3960 0.1497 GRAM RABI 0.60 0.60 1275 932 343 BERSEEM RABI 45.00 0.00 9000 3011 5989 7720 0.7758 PADDY HYV HOT-SN 3.40 3.40 5984 2122 3862 15950 0.2421 GROUNDNUTS HOT-SN 2.20 3.30 8371 2244 6127 7840 0.7816 MUNG HOT-SN 0.80 0.80 1700 981 719 3820 0.1882 MAIZE HOT-SN 2.40 3.00 4188 1546 2642 8360 0.3160 SUGARCANE PERENN 65.00 0.00 26600 5598 21002 12310 1.7061 NOTE: 5% CONTINGENCIES ARE ADDED TO INPUT COST 1/ Water Requirement at Diversion Point (5/8 ha outlet). -101- Table 13 INDIA SUBERNAREKHA IRRIGATION PROJECT Present Water Charges for Irrigation Service Unassured Assured Irrigation Irrigation (Non- (perennial flow) perennial flow ------------------Rs/ha------------------ BIHAR Kharif Crops Full season 78 41 One Irrigation only 45 26 Rabi Crops Full season 45 33 One Irrigation only 41 26 Hot Weather Crops Sugarcane, full season 137 89 Sugarcane, one irrigation 48 41 Jute, full season 41 41 Other crops, full season 137 89 Other crops, one irrigation 48 31 ORISSA Kharif Crops 1/ Class I 40 Class II 30 Class III 20 Class IV 10 Rabi Crops Rabi paddy 90 Potato and onion 56 Vegetables 45 Wheat 34 Maize, groundnut, fodder, arhas, chillies 28 Sugarcane 100 Jute 17 Pulses, mustard 11 Orchards 68 Pulses 11 1/ The four clases of irrigation were devised for staple cereal crop during kharif. Class I irrigation guarantees a total delta of 711 mm (28") from seedling in June to harvesting in November, Class II guarantees a delta of 584 mm (23") from transplantation in July to harvesting in November, Class III provides a delta of 457 mm (18") for sustaining medium paddy of 120 days from July to October and Class IV provides a delta of 229 mm (9") intended for drought protection. Table 14 -102- INDIA SUBERNAREKHA IRRIGATION PROJECT Typical Farm Budgets (Rs) Gross Hired Other Total Net 1/ Time Value Labor Inputs Inputs Value Bihar: .5 ha farm P 830 60 240 300 500 W 1,060 70 250 320 550 W 5,990 230 1,950 2,180 3,810 1 ha farm P 1,390 120 450 570 820 W 1,770 130 460 590 1,180 W 9,980 520 2,530 3,050 6,930 3 ha farm P 3,750 390 1,340 1,770 2,370 W 4,780 390 1,440 1,830 2,950 W 26,950 1,450 6,8/0 8,320 18,630 Orissa: .5 ha farm P 1,550 90 580 670 880 W 1,920 100 580 680 1,240 W 6,300 220 1,980 2,200 4,100 1 ha farm P 2,580 190 920 1,110 1,470 W 3,210 200 930 1,130 2,080 W 10,570 480 2,750 3,230 7,340 3 ha farm P 6,970 620 2,470 3,090 3,880 W 8,670 640 2,530 3,170 5,500 W 28,540 1,420 7,260 8,680 19,890 P = Present; W = Future without project; W = Future with project. 1/ Net return to family labor and farm capital investment. -103- Table 15 INDIA SURURNAZZHA IRRIGATION PROJECT Estimated Para lud&ets and Yroject lent at Full Development (Ra) Bihar Orissa 1 ha Farm - 3 ha Farm 1 ha Farm 3 ha Farm 1/ W 2/ W W W W W W FARM BUDGET Gross Value of Production 1,770 9,980 4,780 26,950 3,210 10,570 8,670 28,540 Total Labor Costs 310 820 650 2,190 390 820 1,060 2,210 Other Inputs 450 2,380 1,410 6,460 910 2,630 2,480 6,940 Land Tax + Water Charges 10 150 30 410 20 120 50 320 Total Costs 770 3,350 2,090 9,060 1,320 3,570 3,590 9,470 Net Value of Production 1,000 6,630 2,690 17,890 1,890 7,000 5,080 19,070 Reward to Family Labor 130 300 390 740 200 340 640 790 Net Farm Family Income 1,130 6,93 3,080 18,630 2,090 7,340 5,720 1T,860 Off Farm Income 2,500 2,500 2,000 2,000 1,500 1,500 1,000 1,000 Net Family Income 3 630 9 430 5 080 20 630 3,590 8,840 6,700 20 860 Per Capita Income 'i7 1,890 '850 T 720 1,770 1,120 PROJECT RENT Net Return to Farm 1,000 6,630 2,690 17,890 1,890 7,000 5,080 19,070 + (Tax + Water Charges) 10 150 30 410 20 120 50 320 Net Return before Tax 1,010 6,780 2,720 18,300 1,910 7,120 5,130 19,390 - Risk Equivalent 3/ 710 1,500 960 2,700 1,280 1,590 1,730 2,850 - Management Fee (TO%) 4/ 100 660 270 1,790 190 700 510 1,910 Implicit Land Rent 200 4,620 1,490 13,810 440 4,830 2,890 14,630 Project Rent (Rs/ha) 5/ 4,420 4,110 4,390 3,910 1/ W: Future without project; W: Future with project. 2/ Assumed family sizes: 5.0 and 6.0 for 1 ha and 3 ha farms respectively. 3/ Risk Equivalent - Expected gross value of production x farmers' risk aversion factor x coefficient of variation of yields. The risk aversion factor is assumed as 2.0 for the 1 ha farm and 1.0 for the 3 ha farm without project, and as 1.5 and 1.0 with project. the coefficient of yield variation has been assumed as 20% without project and 10% with project 4/ Management fee is a premium for management and entrepreneurship skills. It has been assumed as 10% of net return to the farm. 5/ Project rent is the incremental land rent per ha, due to the project. Table 16 -104- INDIA SUBERNAREKHA IRRIGATION PROJECT Cost Recovery 1/ (Rs/ha) PROJECT RENT Bihar Orissa Gross Value of Production 18,200 16,800 Production Cost 2/ 6,700 4,700 Net Cash Income 11,500 12,100 Less - Management Fee 2,000 1,100 - Risk Equivalent 1,500 800 Project Rent 8,000 10,200 Project Rent as a % of Net Cash Income 70% 84% COST RECOVERY Direct: Water Charge (per net CCA) 2,700 2,800 Indirect: Agricultural Sales Tax 3/ 600 500 Total Cost Recovery 3,150 3,300 Rent Recovery as a % of Project Rent 41% 32% C-pital Cost 14,400 12,300 Operation and Maintenance Cost 270 220 Total Public Sector Outlays 14,670 12,520 Cost Recovery as a % of Project Cost 21% 26% 1/ Expressed in incremental values discounted over 50 years at 12% in constant 1982 prices. 2/ Includes cost of labor and depreciation of capital. 3/ Assumes that 70% of incremental production will be marketed. INDIA SUBERNAREKHA IRRIGATION PROJECT Cost and Benefit Streams for Economic Analysis (Rs Million) Foregone Agricultural Net Flood Net Capital Cost in Benefits and Cost of Agricultural Benefits of M&I Moderation Incremental Periods Economic Prices 1/ Resettlement O&M Costs 2/ Benefits 3/ Water Supply 4/ Benefits 4/ Benefits 1 121.00 14.63 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -135.63 2 216.40 22.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -238.44 3 314.50 31.63 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -346.13 4 430.30 47.62 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -477.92 5 615.40 66.98 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -682.38 6 819.50 102.73 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -922.23 7 930.50 107.28 0.00 55.64 0.00 0.00 -982.14 8 828.90 82.95 0.71 242.84 45.84 14.30 -609.58 9 648.60 101.71 3.26 490.58 49.61 27.40 -185.98 10 554.40 73.17 6.69 782.88 53.38 27.40 229.40 11 383.80 68.91 10.08 1112.96 57.15 27.40 734.72 12 210.50 52.06 13.60 1428.05 60.92 27.40 1240.21 13 64.70 51.71 16.41 1700.71 64.69 27.40 1659.98 14 0.00 51.71 18.39 1857.06 68.46 27.40 1882.82 15 0.00 51.71 19.49 1935.17 72.23 27.40 1963.61 16 0.00 51.71 19.88 1943.88 76.00 27.40 1975.70 17 0.00 51.71 24.02 1912.03 79.77 27.40 1943.47 18 0.00 51.71 24.02 1883.48 83.54 27.40 1918.69 19 0.00 51.71 24.02 1865.56 87.31 27.40 1904.54 20 0.00 51.71 24.02 1866.22 91.08 27.40 1908.97 21 0.00 51.71 24.02 1866.22 94.85 27.40 1912.74 22 0.00 51.71 24.02 1866.22 98.62 27.40 1916.51 23 0.00 51.71 24.02 1866.22 102.39 27.40 1920.28 24 0.00 51.71 24.02 1866.22 106.16 27.40 1924.05 25 0.00 51.71 24.02 1866.22 109.93 27.40 1927.82 26 0.00 51.71 24.02 1866.22 113.70 27.40 1931.59 27 0.00 51.71 24.02 1866.22 117.47 27.40 1935.36 28-29 0.00 51.71 24.02 1866.22 121.24 27.40 1939.13 30-50 0.00 51.71 24.02 1866.22 125.91 27.40 1943.80 1/ Including cost of road construction and agricultural extension. Capital costs are estimated at March 1982 prices adjusted by the construction conversion factor. 2/ Including road maintenance. 3/ Build-up of benefits is based on assumptions in Annex 2. 4/ See Annex 2 for details. -106- ANNEX 1 Page 1 INDIA SUBERNAREHA IRRIGATION PROJECT TRIPARTITE AGREEMENT ON SUBERNAREKHA AGREEMENT ON THE UTILIZATION OF THE WATER RESOURCES OF SUBERNAREKHA-KHARKAI BASIN, WHERE BIHAR, ORISSA AND WEST BENGAL ARE CO-BASIN STATES, REACHED BY THE CHIEF MINISTERS OF BIHAR, ORISSA AND WEST BENGAL AT NEW DELHI ON 7-8-1978 The State Governments of Bihar, Orissa and West Bengal being desirous of attaining the optimum utilization of the water resources of the Subernarekha-Kharkai Basin and recognizing the need thereof for fixing and delimiting the rights and obligations of each State in relation to others concerning the use of these waters and taking note of the agree- ments, dated 17th January 1976 and 25th October 1976 reached by the Chief Ministers of Bihar and Orissa and the agreement, dated 19th July 1978 reached by the Chief Ministers of Bihar and West Bengal approve the tripartite agreement set out hereinunder: 1.1 The 75 per cent dependable annual yield has been assessed at Kokpara to be 4.5 million acre feet. The Eastern Zonal Council in their 9th meeting on 28th January 1965 allocated 3.2 million acre feet to Bihar, 1.2 million acre feet to Orissa and 0.1 acre feet to West Bengal. These allocations are accepted by the respective three States. 1.2 The three States take note and accept the recommendations of the Committee set up under the Chairmanship of the Chairman, Central Water Commission and consisting of the Chief Engineers of Bihar, West Bengal and Orissa according to which the water resources of the Subernarekha basin below Kokpara at 75% dependability have been allocated to the co-basin States as below: 1. Bihar .. 2.7 lakh acre feet 2. Orissa .. 2.9 lakh acre feet 3. West Bengal .. 5.9 lakh acre feet 1.3 The resources apportioned amongst the three riparian States, above and below Kokpara, can be utilized by the respective States in any manner they choose, without exceeding the respective limits of their allocated resources. 1.4 If there is any shortage or surplus over the currently estimated annual yield at 75% dependability at Kokpara in any water year, then this shortage or surplus will be shared by the three co-basin States of Bihar, Orissa and West Bengal. According to the agreement already entered into -107- ANNEX 1 Page 2 by the 3 co-basin States, the water resources at Kokpara at 75% depend- ability have been distributed between Bihar, Orissa and West Bengal in the proportion of 32:12:1. It is agreed that in the event of surplus over the currently estimated annual yield at 75% dependability at Kokpara, the surplus water will be allocated between Bihar, Orissa and West Bengal in the proportion of 8:1:1. However, in case of shortage, it will be shared by the States of Bihar, Orissa and West Bengal in the proportion of 32:12:1. In the area below Kokpara, both shortages and surpluses will be shared by the three States of Bihar, Orissa and West Bengal in the propor- tion of 2.7:2.9:5.9 respectively. 2. Utilization of Water Resources at Kokpara 2.1.1 The storage capacity of the Dam as proposed by Bihar on the river Kharkai (hereinafter referred to as the Kharkai Dam) will be 0.68 million acre feet out of which Bihar and Orissa will be entitled to 0.50 million acre feet and 0.18 million acre feet respectively. The cost of the Kharkai Dam and its appurtenant works will be shared between Bihar and Orissa in the proportion of 5.00:1.80. 2.1.2 Orissa will extend the required assistance and co-operation in acquiring the land in Orissa that will be submerged by the Kharkai Dam. The cost of such acquisition and of consequential rehabilitation will be included in the cost of the Kharkai Dam. The scale and standard of rehabilitation will be fixed in due course by mutual agreement between Bihar and Orissa. 2.1.3 Upstream of the Kharkai Dam, Bihar and Orissa will limit their utilization to 0.05 million acre feet and 0.20 million acre feet respec- tively. 2.1.4 The Management of the Kharkai Dam will be as follows: (i) For sharing the water in the dam the year will begin from the 1st day of July. (ii) The need for kharif irrigation in Bihar and Orissa will be given the first priority and water released against their share on such needs as indicated by Bihar and Orissa. (iii) The balance water available outr of the allocations of Bihar and Orissa, after the kharif season, will be drawn by the respective States for Rabi and Summer irrigation. (iv) Bihar and Orissa will be free to fix the priority for the utliza- tion of its share for industrial and other uses, without affecting the interest of the other State. ANNEX 1 -108- Page 3 (v) The shortage or surplus over the estimated annual yield at 75% dependability, if any, during the water year will be shared by Bihar and Orissa in proportion to their respective interests in the storage. 2.2.1 Over and above the conservation storage, the Chandil Dam will have a flood storage of 0.375 million acre feet for moderation benefits in West Bengal and Orissa. The three co-basin States of Bihar, Orissa and West Bengal will jointly request the Government of India to meet the cost of the flood moderation portion of the dam fully. 2.2.2 Of the allocated resources of 1 lakh acre feet for West Bengal at Kokpara 50,000 acre feet will be utilized upstream of the Chandil Dam. For the remaining 50,000 acre feet, 10,000 acre feet for kharif and rabi irrigation will be made available by Bihar, free of charge, to West Bengal through the left bank high level canal system of the Chandil Dam. The balance 40,000 acre feet shall be utilized by West Bengal below Kokpara. To facilitate this utilization, storage space of 25,000 acre feet shall be provided for West Bengal in the Chandil Dam, a limit which wil not be exceeded in any water year and for which the proportionate cost of the dam and appurtenant works shall be borne by West Bengal. The component of 15,000 acre feet of water will be utilized by West Bengal from the run of the river. 2.3.1 Bihar will construct a barrage at Galudih with one canal on each side. Orissa will be entitled to draw through the right bank main canal its share of water in the Kharkai Dam. In adultion, Orissa will also draw from this barrage the run of the river flow as available for utilization in its territory, out of which up to 0.06 MAF. Provided that if the flow in any nnon-monsoon period is less than 0.16 MAF the shortage shall be shared betwen Bihar and Orissa in the proportion of 3:5. Further provided that until the Kharkai Dam is constructed and put into operation all excesses oer 0.16 MAF in the non-monsoon flow at Galudih barrage shall be utilized by Orissa. This will be exclsive of the releases to be made from Chandil Dam for West Bengal as per Para. 2.22 above. 2.3.2 The cost of the Galudih barrage and its appurtenant works shall be shared between Bihar and Orissa in proportion to the annual designed withdrawals, that is to say, on cusec-day basis. 2.3.3 The right bank main canal from the Galudih barrage will be a lined one and will be so designed as to involve minimum land acquisitio in Bihar. The cost of the canal shall be shared between Bihar and Orissa on the cusec-mile basis. ANNEX 1 -109- Page 4 2.3.4 The execution of the kharkai and Chandil Dams and Galudih bar- rage project along with the right bank main canal up to Orissa border will be taken up together at a time. The arrangements for the execution of the Kharkai Dam will be as may be decided by the Chief Ministers of Bihar and Orissa. 2.3.5 Until the Kharkai Dam is constructed and put into operation, Orissa may not be able to draw its quota according to its need. If such withdrawal by Orissa during the non-monsoon period does not come to 0.23 million acre feet at Galudih barrage, the balance shall be made available to Orissa by Bihar at the Galudih barrage in the non-monsoon period by a judicious operation of the Chandil reservoir, until the Kharkai Dam is executed and put into operation. 2.4 Since the interests of more than one State have been admitted within each of the utilizes of Kharkai Dam, Chandil Dam and Galudih bar- rage, their regulations shall be conducted as under: 2.4.1 There will be a joint regulation of the Kharkai Dam by a Commit- tee of a Chief Engineer nominated by Bihar, a Chief Engineer nominated by Orissa and a Member of the Central Water Commission who will be its Chair- man. The Committee will formulate its rules and procedure. 2.4.2 There will be a joint regulation of the Chandil Dam and Galudih barrage by a Committee consisting of the Chief Engineers, each nominated by the three co-basin States and a Member of the Central Water Commission who will be its Chairman. 2.4.3 To achieve flexibility in the operation of the Kharkai and the Chandl reservoirs and the Galudih barrage in the interest of all the States, these two Committees as per Clauses 2.4.1 and 2.4.2 may make diversion of supplies from one or the other reservoir subject to the condition that the share of each State during the water year will not be affected adversely. 2.4.4 There shall be a Joint Control Board consisting of the following members for execution of the Galudih Joint Project which comprises of the Galudih barrage and the right bank main canal up to Orissa border: (i) Chief Ministers of Bihar and Orissa (alternate Chairman for one one year). (ii) Irrigation Ministers of Bihar and Orissa. (iii) Chief Engineers of Irrigation of Bihar and Orissa. (iv) Irrigation Secretaries of Bihar and Orissa. ANNEX 1 -110- Page 5 (v) Finance Secretaries of Bihar and Orissa. (vi) Collector of Mayurbhanj and Deputy Commissioner of Singhbhum. (vii) Other Officers as may be nominated not exceeding two each by Bihar and Orissa. (viii) The Project Engineer of the Joint Project (by whatever designation he may be called) - Non-Member-Secretary. The Joint Control Board of the Galudih Joint Project will func- tion as per the provisions made in the Bipartite Agreements between Orissa and Bihar, dated 17th January 1976 and 25th October 1976. 3. The water resources below Kokpara allocated amongst the three riparian States shall be utilized subject to the provisions as under: 3.1 West Bengal shall construct a barrage across the Subernarekha at or near Jhareswarpur to irrigate lands during the kharif and rabi season in the district of Madnapur by utilizing its allocated resources of 40,000 acre feet of water above Kokpara (vide Clause 2.2.2) together with its allocated resources below Kokpara. 3.2 Orissa will be entitled to draw any part of its share as per Clauses 1.1 and 3 above by releases in the river through all the hydraulic structures. 3.3 Regarding flood moderation and the recognized need for flood relief, Orissa and West Bengal agree to discuss and plan for a simul- taneous and co-ordinated execution of an embankment system on either side of Subernarekha in consultation with C.W.C. Ministry of Railways and Ministry of Transport, Government of India. 3.4 Bihar may also develop the Subernarekha Valley for inland water transport as this will provide a direct sea-face to the State. 3.5 West Bengal may construct a weir on the Subernarekha above Chandil for meeting West Bengal's need within their allocated share. 3.6 West Bengal shall not construct any dam on the main Subernarekha river above the Chandil Dam. 3.7 It is agreed that all these three co-basin States will take effective steps to control pollution in the river originating in their respective territories. ANNEX 1 -111- Page 6 3.8 This tripartite agreement shall be given effect to in conjunc- tion with the other agreements, already reached and appended hereto by co-basin States, and in the event of any repugnance the terms of this tripartite agreement will prevail. 3.9 It is also decided that in the event of any dispute relating to this agreement and the inability of the three States to settle the matter amicably through mutual discussions a sole arbitrator of the standing of a Supreme Court Judge would be appointed by the President of India to settle the matter and his decision shall be final and binding on all the three States. NEW DELHI August 7, 1978 Signed on behalf of the Signed of behalf of the Signed on behalf of the Government of Bihar Government of Orissa Government of West Bengal (KARPOORI THAKUR) (NILAMONI ROUTROY) (JYOTI BASU) Chief Minister Chief Minister Chief Minister ANNEX 2 Page 1 -112- INDIA SUBERNAREKHA IRRIGATION PROJECT Main Assumptions for Economic Analysis Prices and Conversion Factors 1. General. The economic prices of major traded agricultural outputs (at farm gate) were derived from the IBRD projected 1990 world market prices expressed in 1982 currency value with appropriate adjust- ments for freight, handling and processing. The projected economic prices for non-traded foodgrains are derived by applying a foodgrain conversion factor (FCF) to the financial price (para 4). Non-traded goods and serv- ices were brought to a common basis with the traded ones through the use of conversion factors (explained in the following paras). A standard exchange rate of US$1 to Rs 9.00 was used to convert prices expressed in US dollars to local currency values. The assumptions used to derived the estimates are described below. 2. Standard Conversion Factor (SCF). For economic analysis pur- poses the costs and benefits of the project have to be evaluated at world market prices, in order to measure correctly India's net economic benefits from the project. This requires certain adjustment since many items are not traded on the world market and others are affected by tariffs and trade restrictions. In order to make them comparable, a SCF is applied to the price of non-traded goods. In the absence of trade restrictions, the SCF can be estimated by using the following formula: SCF X + M X + S + M + T x m where: X = export value (f.o.b.); M = import value (c.i.f.); S = subsidies on exports; Tx = taxes and duties on imports. m For the period since 1970, this calculation gives a SCF of 0.86. However, since this estimate does not take into consideration quantitative restric- tions on trade, it provides only an upper limit for the SCF. The Indian Planning Commission recommends for the evaluation of industrial projects, the use of conversion factors for foreign exchange and for untraded goods that implicitly give a SCF of about 0.75. Because of the approximate nature of this estimate, a SCF of 0.8 has been used in the economic -113- ANNEX 2 Page 2 analysis. Specific conversion factors were calculated for construction costs and non-traded foodgrains (see below). 3. Construction Conversion Factor. Project works would be con- structed using a mixture of equipment, skilled and unskilled labor in the proportions shown below: (a) Traded Component: This component includes capital-intensive works which require imported materials. Hence the conversion factor is 1.00 and it is estimated that about 12% of the con- struction costs fall under this category. (b) Non-Traded Component: This component includes works that require skilled labor and locally manufactured materials. The SCF of 0.80 is used as the conversion factor for these works. About 45% of the construction costs are included in this category. (c) Unskilled Labor: A ratio of economic to financial wages equal to the one assumed for agricultural labor (67% see para 10) has been assumed for unskilled construction labor. It is estimated that unskilled labor constitutes about 34% of the construction costs. The weighted average of these conversion factors would be as following: Conversion Factor Weight Traded Items 1.00 0.21 Non-Traded Items 0.80 0.45 Unskilled Labor 0.67 0.34 Construction Costs (weighted average) 0.80 1.00 Thus the SCF is in this case equal to the construction conversion factor and can be used also for converting the cost of construction works from financial to economic prices. 4. Foodgrains Conversion Factor. The economic prices for traded goods such as rice, wheat, cotton, groundnuts, and sugarcane were derived by using their border prices in US$ according to Bank projections and converting it to local currency values at the standard exchange rate. The domestic cost components (i.e., local transport and marketing charges) were adjusted by the SCF of 0.80. The economic prices for non-traded foodgrains (maize and pulses were assumed to be non-traded) were derived ANNEX 2 Page 3 by applying a FCF to their projected financial prices. The FCF was estimated using the following formula: [(1+ Q2) RICE x PE RICE] + [(Q+ Q2) WHEAT x PE WHEAT] FCF = ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ = 1.27 [(Ql+ Q2) RICE x PF RICE] + [(Ql+ Q2) WHEAT x PF WHEAT] where: Q1 = Bihar Production Q = Orissa Production P = Economic Price PF = Financial Price The projected financial prices for various crops are based on the estimated historical price trends 1/ in Bihar and Orissa. 5. The Price of Paddy. Paddy is the principal crop and source of nutrition in the project area. Its economic price has major impact on project benefits and has been thoroughly investigated. At present the project area is about self sufficient in rice production, it has therefore been assumed that the incremental production would be exported. Bank projections indicate that in the 1990s India is likely to become a net exporter of foodgrains especially rice.2/ Consequently, the economic price of paddy is based on the assumption that incremental rice production would be exported out of India. If the incremental production would not be exported outside India (directly or indirectly) the economic price would be about 5% higher. The effect on the ERR is discussed in para 26. Detailed calculations are in Table 1 of this Annex. 6. Prices of Agricultural Inputs. Fertilizers have been valued at the projected world market price. Pesticides and insecticides have been assumed to be traded; to make allowance for taxes and subsidies and the total cost of transport and marketing, a conversion factor of 0.95 has been applied to their financial prices. The economic price of seed and miscellaneous charges has been assumed to approximate their financial price. The economic price of a bullock/day was derived from the rental price for one pair with an operator per day, adjusted by the SCF. A summary of economic prices is presented in the main report, Table 10. 1/ Note on Marketing, Prices, Processing and Storage in the project area, prepared by FAO/WB Cooperative Program, Rome, May 1980. 2/ Economic Situation and Prospects of India, Report No. 3401-IN, April 15, 1981. ANNEX 2 -115- Page 4 Labor Analysis 7. Labor Supply. The project area as a rural population of about 400,000 with a density of about 170 per km . About half the population is tribal. The average family has 5 members. Literacy rate is about 30%. Most of the farmers in the project area own the land they cultivate. The average farm is about 1.1 ha in Bihar part and about 1.5 in Orissa part. In addition to family labor there is a large pool of agricultural laborers. At present underemployment and unemployment is wide spread, particularly off season. The estimates of labor supply have been made using an average of 240 days per annum per worker. This allows for less than a full day work for the young and old who are included in the labor force estimate and also for people working long hours during peak months of agricultural activities (the peak monthly labor supply is higher than the average for the year). 8. Labor Demand. Farm labor demand is based on requirements for various crops (main report, Table 11). They are at present about 70 man-days per ha of cultivated area and are projected to increase to about 190 man-days per ha at full development. 9. Non-Farm Employment. The municipal and industrial water supply by the project is likely to generate additional industrial growth and urbanization of Jamshedpur and other towns located in the project area. This, as well as additional employment generated through marketing, processing and transport of incremental agricultural production would create additional employment opportunities. 10. Opportunity Cost of Labor. Agricultural wage rates in the project area vary seasonally from Rs 2 to 5 per man-day for rainfed agriculture, and from Rs 3 to 6 per man-day for irrigated agriculture activities (minor irrigation scheme in the project area). Seasonal varia- tions were averaged out by adopting seasonally weighted daily wage rates: Present Without Employment With Employment Project Period Project Period (Rs/man-day) (months) (Rs/man-day) (months) Slack season 2.0 3 3.0 3 Intermediate season 3.5 7 4.0 6 Peak season 5.0 2 6.0 3 Average (year) 3.4 4.3 Economic wage rates were derived from the financial ones assuming that for the slack and peak period, the financial wage is a good approximation for ANNEX 2 -116- Page 5 the shadow wage (reservation wage), and that only during the intermediate season the financial wage overstates the opportunity cost of labor by some 40%. To the weighted average shadow wage rates derived, the SCF (0.8) was applied, resulting in economic wages of Rs 2.2 and Rs 3.0 in the without project and with project situations, respectively. When compared to financial wage rates, this is equivalent to an unskilled labor conversion factor of about 0.67. 11. Construction Labor. The construction of irrigation distribution system has been traditionally carried out by labor-intensive methods during the agricultural slack season. The main source of supply of con- struction labor is landless agricultural laborers and small farmers. It has been assumed that the opportunity cost of unskilled construction labor would be equal to the opportunity cost of labor in agriculture. Agricultural Benefits 12. Present Situation. Rice is the main crop in the project area and accounts for about 60% of the area cultivated in the Bihar part and over 80% in the Orissa part (Table 8). Present yields are low (1.0 t/ha of paddy) mainly due to poor farming practices. Farming is limited lar- gely to the monsoon season. Despite the proximity of urban markets, agriculture is largely subsistant. Assessment of yields, input levels and relative profitability of crops was based on (i) farm surveys in the project area, (ii) yield statistics, and (iii) direct information in the field. 13. Future Without Project. No substantial changes from the present situation were assumed in the "future without project" cropping pattern. Yields "without" project based on present agricultural practices were in some instances adjusted slightly upwards to take account of past produc- tivity trends (main report, Table 8). 14. Intermediate Development. Irrigation water would be first available from Chandil Dam in the year 1988/89. By that year about 19,300 ha will be ready for irrigation in Bihar and about 4,200 ha in Orissa. In the initial years the availability of irrigation water per ha of CCA would be greater than at full development stage (Table 17 in the main report). A pattern for utilization of surplus water was based on several assump- tions: (i) allocated additional water during the dry season farmers initially would prefer a second paddy crop in the hot season; (ii) given access to credit, inputs and supported by extension service yields of summer paddy are likely to reach 3.4 t/ha in about 4 years after irriga- tion is first received; (iii) the capacity of the distribution system would limit the proportion of the area planted to paddy to about 65%; and (iv) with some experience in modern irrigation and with the gradual reduc- tion of water availability farmers would diversify production in favor of ANNEX 2 -117- Page 6 crops (wheat, groundnuts) providing higher return per unit of water. The direct impact of irrigation during the monsoon season on the net income per ha would be less dramatic since irrigation supplements rainfall. It has been assumed that it would take farmers about 7 years to move from present yield levels of 0.9-1.3 t/ha to 2.2-3.2 t/ha of kharif paddy at full development (main report, Table 8). 15. Full Development. This period refers to the years 1994 and beyond. The industrial growth and urbanization in the project area could affect water availability for agriculture. New areas could also be developed for irrigation (mainly lift-irrigation schemes) and reduce the quantity of water available per ha. Several alternative cropping patterns were tested to assess the impact of changes in water availability. Industrial and Municipal Water Benefits 16. Industrial and Municipal Water Use. The water supply for the industrial complexes and towns is at present seriously defficient espe- cially during the months of March-May. For now and in the near future the solution for the I&M users is conservation, rationing and construction of water storage tanks on the small tributaries of Subernarekha. In order to calculate the overall 5RR and NPV the economic value of water has been estimated at 0.26 Rs/m , based on opportunity cost of water in agricul- ture. Since the Subernarekha is the only water resource in the area able to meet the future requirements, the long-term alternative other than the proposed project would be a single purpose I&M dam. 17. I&M Water Demand Projections are based on (i) the population census of 1981; (ii) a 2.4% population growth rate for the area; (iii) an increase of the per capita consumption from 70 lpcd to 140 lped in 40 years; and (iv) a substantial increase in industrial water demand related to industrial growth in Project area. Future demand projections cover the principal industrial centers in the Jamshedpur-Adiytapur region, the Uranium Corportation of India at Jadugada and the copper mines of Galudih. The projections shown below are detailed in the Project file. -118- ANNEX 2 Page 7 Urban Population Daily Municipal Annual Demand Served Demand Municipal Industrial Total 2/ -----('000)----- ---- (lpcd)1/--- --------------MCM------------- 1981 700 70 18 170 188 1990 870 100 32 380 412 2000 1,070 130 51 585 636 2010 1,330 135 66 900 966 2020 1,650 140 84 1,170 1,254 1/ lpcd - litres per capita per day. 2/ The reservoirs of Chandil and Ichha and the Galudih Barrage would supply all incremental requirements beginning year 1988/89. Flood Control Benefits 18. Flood Damage. The assessment of flood damage in Orissa was based on Revenue Department records (Table 2). It was assumed that flood damage in West Bengal (for which data is unavailable) would be proportionate to its share of cost allocated to flood protection (8%). 19. Incremental Benefits of Flood Control. Several alternatives of flood protection ranging from flood storage to river embankments and their combinations had been studied by a special committee.l/ The project benefits assumed in this analysis are limited to flooi moderation by: (i) construction of Chandil and Ichha reservoirs; (ii) 462 Mm of Chandil reservoir storage. The difference between the expected damage with and without the flood moderation component has been estimated at 27.4 RsM in economic prices annually. Costs 20. Allocation of Project Costs. The investment costs in the development of water resouces to serve irrigation, I&M water supply and the provision of flood moderation were allocated as follows: (i) Irrigation Component. The share of capital costs of Chandil and Ichha dams for the irrigation component were derived with the I&M water supply and the flood components storage requirements omitted. The capital costs of the irrigated distribution network were similarly adjusted to reflect only the cost to irrigation users. 1/ Report of the Subernarekha Committee available in Project File. ANNEX 2 -119- Page 8 (ii) I&M Component. The capital costs allocated to I&M component were based on incremental storage required for this purpose in Chandil and Ichha dams and the incremental cost associated with the distri- bution network, incremental to irrigation. (iii) Flood Moderation. The incremental capital cots to irrigation and I&M components for the Chandil dam was allocated for this purpose. 21. Capital cost estimates for each component based on March 1982 market prices and proposed implementation schedules were adjusted by the CCF: they exclude sunk costs which are negligable and price contingen- cies. 22. Land Acquisition and Resettlement Costs. These consist of three main components: (i) resettlement costs for property lost to submergence in the reservoir areas (10,000 and 1,000 families in Bihar and Orissa, respectively); (ii) compensation costs for areas submerged when reservoirs constructed under the project are commissioned (about 17,000 ha in Bihar and 4,000 ha in Orissa; all CCA); and (iii) the compensation costs for land acquired so that the canal distribution systems can be constructed (about 9,000 ha in Bihar and 5,000 ha in Orissa). 23. It is assumed that all cultivated land lost to cultivation as a result of the project is and would remain rainfed. The net CCA of the rainfed area has been taken as 5% larger than the net CCA which can be irrigated after completion of the canal distribution system. Land acquired for the distribution systems is assumed to be lost to rainfed cultivation from the year that the project works are constructed. 24. The economic cost of resettlement is calculated by multiplying the financial cost by the construction conversion factor (CCF). The economic cost of land submerged or used for construction of the distribu- tion system was derived from estimates of the economic value of the production foregone. The net return per ha (in economic prices) in the "future without project" situation was assumed to provide an adequate estimate of the economic cost of land. 25. Operation and Maintenance Costs. At present, the financial costs of 0&M in completed major irrigation projects in Orissa and Bihar average about Rs 30 per ha. However, it is estimated that about Rs 100/ha would be required to assure proper 0&M. Since O&M involves mainly employ- ment of unskilled or semiskilled labor, the unskilled conversion factor of 0.67 was used. ANNEX 2 -120- Page 9 Sensitivity Analysis 26. In addition to the results presented in para 8.05-8.08, the following additional tests have been conducted both on the composite and the partial models (see also Table 5 to this Annex). (i) Price of Paddy. If India would be a net importer of rice the economic price would be about 5% higher than assumed in the base calculation, and the ERR would increase slightly to 17.5% for the composite model and 18.3% for the irrigation model. (ii) Build-up of Agricultural Benefits I. It was assumed that it would take farmers about 9 years to reach the projected yields in the kharif season. An increase in the build-up period by 6 more years would reduce the ERR of the composite model to 14.5%. (iii) Build-up of Agricultural Benefits II. If the time for build-up of benefits in the dry season would be increased from 4 to 9 years the ERR would decline to 15.9% and 16.6% in the composite and irrigation models respectively. (iv) Omission of Kharif Benefits. Taking into account only the dry season benefits reduces the ERR to 12.3% for the composite model and 12% for the irrigation model. (v) Lack of Attention to Block Development. This was tested by reducing the incremental benefits to the level realized in tracitionally designed 1rrigation projects (a reduction of about 40%). The cost streams were also adjusted. -121- ANNEX 2 Table 1 INDIA SUBERNAREKEA IRRIGATION PROJECT Economic Price of Paddy Import Export 2/ Substitution 3/ Projected 1990 World Market Price 1/ US$/ton 592 592 International Shipping and Handling US$ - 26 F.O.B./C.I.F. Calcutta US$ 592 618 @ Ra 9.0 - US$1.0 Rs 5,328 5,562 Transport and Packing Rs 20 x 0.8 Rs - 16 - 16 Bags (20 @ Rs 5) Rs 100 x 0.8 Rs - 80 - 80 Milling Rs 190 x 0.8 Rs -152 -152 Sub-total Rs 5,080 5,314 Paddy at Mill (66%) Rs 3,353 3,507 Transport from Market to Mill; Handling and Transport from Farm Rs 100 x 0.8 Rs - 80 - 80 Farm Gate Value of Export Quality Rs 3,273 3,427 Quality Adjustment Factor 41 .81 .81 Economic Price of Paddy at Farm Gate (Rounded) 5/ 2,650 2,780 1/ Expressed in 1982 constant dollars. Based on Rice (Thai, milled 5% broken F.0.B. Bangkok) from IBRD Commodity Price Forecasts - Updating, December 24, 1981. 2/ Assuming that India, Bihar and Orissa will be net exporters of rice as used in econo- mic analysis. 3/ Assuming that India will be a net importer and Bihar and Orissa net exporters of rice. 4/ Quality Adjustment Factor was calculated under the following assumptions: (i) the content of broken grains in unsorted rice is 25%; (ii) the content of broken grains is reduced by sorting to 5% to obtain export quality rice; and (iii) broken grains are sold domestically at about Rs 300 per ton (economic price). 5/ Prices for long grain high quality rice. It is expected that most HYV grown in project areas would be of slightly lower quality. An adjustment factor of 0.93 was applied to those varieties based on "Relationships Between International Rice Prices" Commodities and Export Projections Division, EPD, IBRD, January 1980. INDIA SUBERNAREKHA IRRIGATION PROJECT Irrigation Development and Water Availability - Bihar Bihar Dry Season Availability at Canal Head (Chandil and Ichha Service Areas only) Project Chandil Chandil Ichha Ichha Kharkai Galudih Galudih Area Cumulative Unused M & I Cu M Year LBC RBC LBC RBC Canals RBC LBC Irrigated Total Chandil Ichha Water Alloc. Total per ha -------------------------------------ha------------------------------------------- MCM-------------------------- 1986/87 - 1987/88 - - - - - - - - 1988/89 18,000 - - - - 1,300 - 19,300 19,300 620 - - 620 32,120 1989/90 11,500 3,700 12,800 13,900 12,600 1,300 - 55,800 75,100 620 360 - 980 17,560 1990/91 12,700 3,700 3,100 11,400 3,200 - - 34,100 109,200 620 360 - 980 8,970 1991/92 10,800 3,100 - 11,400 - - - 25,300 134,500 620 360 400 1,380 10,260 1992/93 10,300 800 - 7,600 - - 3,000 21,700 156,200 920 360 380 1,660 10,630 1993/94 - 800 - - - - 3,000 3,800 160,000 910 640, 360 1,910 11,940 1994/95 - - - - - - - - 160,000 900 630 340 1,870 11,690 1995/96 - - - - - - - - 160,000 890 620 320 1,830 11,440 1996/97 - - - - - - - - 160,000 880 610 300 1,790 11,190 1997/98 - - - - - - - - 160,000 870 600 280 1,750 10,940 1998/99 - - - - - - - - 160,000 860 590 260 1,710 10,690 1999/2000 - - - - - - - - 160,000 850 585 240 1,675 10,470 2000/01 - - - - - - - - 160,000 840 580 220 1,640 10,250 2001/02 - - - - - - - - 160,000 830 575 200 1,605 10,030 2002/03 - - - - - - - - 160,000 820 570 180 1,570 9,810 2003/04 - - - - - - - - 160,000 810 565 160 1,535 9,390 2004/05 - - - - - - - - 160,000 800 560 140 1,500 9,380 2005/06 - - - - - - - - 160,000 790 555 120 1,465 9,160 2006/07 - - - - - - - 160,000 785 550 100 1,435 8,970 2007/08 - - - - - - - - 160,000 780 545 80 1,405 8,780 2008/09 - - - - - - - - 160,000 775 540 60 1,375 8,590 2009/10 - - - - - - - - 160,000 770 535 40 1,345 8,410 2010/11 - - - - - - - - 160,000 765 530 20 1,315 8,220 2011/12 - - - - - - - - 160,000 760 525 0 1,285 8,030 Total 63,300 12,100 15,900 44,300 15,800 2,600 6,000 160,000 INDIA SUUERNAREEA IRRIGATION PIOJECT Irrigation Development and Water Availability - Oriaea Service Area Under Dry Season Availability at Canal Nead Galudih amee of Project Subernarekha Betnoti Haldia Jambhira Baura Area Cumulative Complex Ratern Os K Year Main Canal Branch Reservoir Reservoir Reservoir Irrigated Total Barrage Fliws Total per ha ------------------------------ha------ -------- 1986/87 - - - - - 1987/88 - - - - - - 1988/89 4,200 - - - - 4,200 4,200 - - - 1989/90 4,200 1,800 - - - 6,000 10,200 1,005 - 1,005 96,530 1990/91 4,200 2,100 2,000 2,000 - 10,300 20,500 1,005 - 1,005 6,020 1991/92 - 3,600 2,300 5,000 4,100 15,000 35,500 1,005 - 1,005 28,310 1992/93 - 7,200 - 6,000 6,800 20,000 55,500 1,005 - 1,005 18,110 1993/94 - 7,200 - - 14,500 20,000 75,500 1,005 - 1,005 13,310 1994/95 - - - - - 14,500 90,000 1,005 - 1,005 11,170 1995/96 - - - - - - 90,000 1,005 - 1,005 11,170 1996/97 - - - - - - 90,000 1,010 - 1,010 11,220 1997/98 - - - - - - 90,000 1,010 - 1,010 11,220 1998/99 - - - - - - 90,000 1,010 - 1,010 11,220 1999/2000 - - - - - - 90,000 1,010 - 1,010 11,220 2000/01 - - - - - - 90,000 1,010 - 1,010 11,220 2001/02 - - - - - - 90,000 1,015 - 1,015 11,200 2002/03 - - - - - - 90,000 1,015 3 1,016 11,310 2003/04 - - - - - - 90,000 1,015 6 1,021 11,340 2004/05 - - - - - - 90,000 1,015 9 1,024 11,360 2005/06 - - - - - - 90,000 1,015 12 1,027 11,410 2006/07 - - - - - 90,000 1,020 15 1,035 11,500 2007/08 - - - - - - 90,000 1,020 18 1,038 11,530 2008/09 - - - - - - 90,000 1,020 21 1,041 .11,570 2009/10 - - - - - - 90,000 1,020 24 1,044 11,600 2010/11 - - - - - - 90,000 1,020 27 1,047 11,630 2011/12 - - - - - - 90,000 1,025 30 1,055 11,720 Total 12,600 21,900 4,300 13,000 25,400 90,000 90,000 INDIA SUBERNAREKHA IRRIGATION PROJECT Chandil System - Costs and Benefits Streams for Economic Analysis (Rs Million) Foregone Agricultural Net Flood Net Capital Cost in Benefits and Cost of Agricultural Benefits of M&I Moderation Incremental Periods Economic Prices 1/ Resettlement O&M Costs 1/ Benefits 3/ Water Supply 4/ Benefits 5/ Benefits 1 91.44 13.57 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -105.01 2 158.64 19.36 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -178.00 3 229.84 25.62 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -255.46 4 303.28 38.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -341.33 5 417.28 53.38 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -470.66 6 555.18 84.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -639.68 7 629.78 81.25 0.00 55.64 0.00 0.00 -655.39 8 555.28 54.79 0.71 151.27 41.26 10.01 -408.24 9 481.98 71.43 2.08 288.60 44.65 19.18 -203.06 10 432.28 54.85 3.80 468.96 48.04 , 19.18 45.25 11 306.94 50.43 5.92 688.89 51.44 19.18 396.22 12 178.44 33.43 8.31 921.83 54.83 19.18 775.66 13 64.10 33.43 10.60 1114.68 58.22 19.18 1083.95 14 0.00 33.43 12.39 1245.84 61.62 19.18 1280.82 15 0.00 33.43 13.41 1310.03 65.01 19.18 1347.38 16 0.00 33.43 16.60 1329.76 68.40 19.18 1367.32 17 0.00 33.43 16.74 1307.11 71.80 19.18 1347.91 18 0.00 33.43 16.74 1283.00 75.19 19.18 1327.20 19 0.00 33.43 16.74 1268.20 78.58 19.18 1315.79 20 0.00 33.43 16.74 1268.86 81.97 19.18 1319.84 21 0.00 33.43 16.74 1268.86 85.37 19.18 1323.24 22 0.00 33.43 16.74 1268.86 88.76 19.18 1326.63 23 0.00 33.43 16.74 1268.86 92.15 19.18 1330.02 24 0.00 33.43 16.74 1268.86 95.55 19.18 1333.42 25 0.00 33.43 16.74 1268.86 98.94 19.18 1336.81 26 0.00 33.43 16.74 1268.86 102.33 19.18 1340.20 27 0.00 33.43 16.74 1268.86 105.73 19.18 1343.59 28-29 0.00 33.43 16.74 1268.86 109.12 19.18 1346.99 30-50 0.00 33.43 16.74 1268.86 113.32 19.18 1351.18 1/ Including cost of road construction and agricultural extension. Capital costs are estimated at March 1982 prices adjusted by the construction conversion factor. 2/ Including road maintenance. 3/ Build-up of benefits is explained in paras 12 thru 15. 5/ See paras 16 and 17. /See paras 18 and 19. 4 INDIA SUBERNAREKHA IRRIGATION PROJECT Ichha System - Costs and Benefits Streams for Economic Analysis (Rs Million) Foregone Agricultural Net Flood Net Capital Cost in Benefits and Cost of Agricultural Benefits of M&I Moderation Incremental Periods Economic Prices 1/ Resettlement 0&M Costs 2/ Benefits 3/ Water Supply 4/ Benefits 5/ Benefits 1 43.86 9.62 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -53.48 2 95.06 11.97 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -107.03 3 130.36 15.85 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -146.21 4 177.32 20.59 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -197.91 5 297.72 23.91 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -321.63 6 425.12 45.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -470.94 7 516.92 47.44 0.00 13.70 0.00 0.00 -550.66 8 498.62 62.83 0.17 104.45 4.58 0.00 -452.59 9 393.82 68.16 1.35 232.75 4.96 8.22 -217.40 10 342.52 51.51 3.17 397.84 5.34 8.22 14.20 11 251.66 47.09 5.10 604.09 5.72 8.22 314.18 12 154.66 30.09 7.42 816.82 6.09 8.22 638.96 13 63.30 30.09 9.59 1018.84 6.47 8.22 930.55 14 0.00 30.09 11.33 1138.72 6.85 8.22 1112.38 15 0.00 30.09 12.32 1206.43 7.22 8.22 1179.46 16 0.00 30.09 12.71 1219.30 7.60 8.22 1192.33 17 0.00 30.09 14.06 1198.16 7.98 8.22 1170.21 18 0.00 30.09 14.06 1175.00 8.35 8.22 1147.43 19 0.00 30.09 14.06 1161.30 8.73 8.22 1134.11 20 0.00 30.09 14.06 1161.97 9.11 8.22 1135.15 21 0.00 30.09 14.06 1161.97 9.49 8.22 1135.53 22 0.00 30.09 14.06 1161.97 9.86 8.22 1135.91 23 0.00 30.09 14.06 1161.97 10.24 8.22 1136.28 24 0.00 30.09 14.06 1161.97 10.62 8.22 1136.66 25 0.00 30.09 14.06 1161.97 10.99 8.22 1137.04 26 0.00 30.09 14.06 1161.97 11.37 8.22 1137.41 27 0.00 30.09 14.06 1161.97 11.75 8.22 1137.79 28-29 0.00 30.09 14.06 1161.97 12.12 8.22 1137.17 30-50 0.00 30.09 14.06 1161.97 12.59 8.22 1138.64 1/ Including cost of road construction and agricultural extension. Capital costs are estimated at March 1982 prices adjusted by the construction conversion factor. 2/ Including road maintenance. 3/ Build-up of benefits is explained in paras 12 thru 15. 4/ See paras 16 and 17. 5/ See paras 18 and 19. ANNEX 2 Table 6 -126- INDIA SUBERNAREKHA IRRIGATION PROJECT Flood Damage in Orissa Value of Value of Damage in Damage Area Population Value ofl/ Price Index 1982 Const. in Economic Year Affected Affected Damage 1982-100 Prices Prices 2/ (ha) (RsM) (RsM) (RsM) 1965 51200 10000 24.1 .26 92.69 74.15 1966 25000 N.A. 11.9 .29 41.03 32.82 1967 33924 N.A. 15.0 .30 50.00 40.00 1968 52000 N.A. 25.0 .31 80.65 64.55 1969 23744 N.A. 11.8 .33 35.76 28.61 1970 19200 296000 6.2 .35 17.77 14.22 1971 52200 400000 28.5 .36 79.17 63.34 1972 28900 445000 9.3 .39 23.90 19.12 1973 54750 650000 29.8 .47 63.40 50.72 1974 310O0 557000 11.1 .69 16.09 12.87 1975 64400 1023000 22.6 .65 34.77 27.82 1976 27400 - 8.8 .67 13.24 10.59 1978 33000 593000 10.5 .70 15.10 12.08 1979 0 0 .0 - 0 0 1980 2550 22000 .8 .72 1.18 .94 1981 51130 440000 16.9 .93 15.78 12.61 Average 34,400 277,000 36.30 1/ In current prices. 2/ Value in 1982 constant prices adjusted by Standard Conversion Factor of .8. Source: (1) White paper on Natural calamities published by Revenue Department, Orissa. (2) Reply to National flood Commission. ANNEX 3 -127- INDIA SUBERNAREKHA IRRIGATION PROJECT Related Documents Available in the Project Files 1. Subernarekha Multipurpose Project, Feasibility Report WAPCOS/GOB & GOO, August 1981 Volume I - Main Report Volume II - Annexes Volume III - Technical Memoranda 2. Subernarekha Agreement 3. Draft Sub-Plan for Tribal Areas of Bihar, 1980-85 GOB, October 1980 4. The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 GOI, September 1, 1979 5. The Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Cess Rules, 1978 GOB, January 1978 6. Scheduled Tribes and Scheduled Casts of Orissa GOB, February, 1976 7. Agricultural Credit (Bihar Part of Project Area) GOB and FAO/CP, May 1980 8. Agricultural Credit (Orissa Part of Project Area) GOO and FAO/CP, May 1980 9. Marketing, Prices, Processing and Storage (Orissa Part) GOB and FAO/CP, May 1980 10. Note on Subernarekha Multipurpose Project of Bihar for Consideration of the Advisory Committee on Irrigation and Multipurpose Projects CWC, 1981 11. Report of the Subernarekha Committee (on flood control) GOI, August 1973 INDIA SUBERNAREKHA IRRIGATION PROJECT Projert Organization State Water Irrigation and Pollution Control Chief ID Patna Joint Control Power Dept. and Prevention Board Orissa Agricultur-a11 Technical L/ Add'1. S cetary Department I Commnittee Irrisatio Agricultural University Officer-in-Charge istrict olecto Research Subernarekha Project Unit f -Chaibasa Center (1) Planning and DmReview Monitoring Cell Panel (2) Minor Distribution G Systems Planning ____Rehabilitationj Training FacilitiesDesin Cell ommittee Minor System Development and Chief IDPanaJontCntolPoerDet ichha and Galudih Cornlexes Subernarekha Resarc (Roads) Departments I DiCmmitesIrignio INDIA SUBERNAREKHA IRRIGATION PROJECT MASTER NETWORK FOR CONSTRUCT10N OF CHANOIL DAM 一1・ 倒馴刻国国的t一刀5日園 MASTER NETWORK FOR CONSTRUCTION OF GALUDIN BARRAGE ---------- Chart 4 Page 1 -13 1- CALENDAR OF KEY EVENTS (TO BE MONITORED DURING SUPERVISION MISSIONS) A. CONTRACT AWARDS FOR: DATE 1. Construction of Chandil Concrete and Earth Dam November 1982 2. Completion of E/W and Bed Lining Chandil LBC February 1983 Km 4.54 to 5.48 and 7.31 to 10.35 3. Completion of E/W and Bed Lining Chandil LBC March 1983 Km 43.28 to 56.61 4. Construction of Kita Nalla Dam at Km 43.28 April 1983 on Chandil LBC 5. Completion of E/W, Bed Lining and Structures September 1983 Chandil LBC Km 10.35 to 37.49 6. Construction of Galudih Barrage Base Structure October 1983 7. Construction of approach road and tunnel October 1983 Chandil LBC Km 5.48 to 7.01 8. Completion of E/W bed lining and structures October 1983 Chandil LBC Km 16.76 to 37.49 9. Completion of E/W and bed lining Galudih Link October 1983 Canal Km 0 to 10 10. Construction of one of the Right Saddle Dams - October 1983 Ichha 11. Completion of E/W, bed lining and Str. Ichha October 1983 RBC Km 0 to 30 12. Completion of E/W, bed lining and structures December 1983 Jadugoda Disty. KBRC 13. Completion of E/W, bed lining and structures, January 1984 Marda Disty. KBRC 14. Completion of E/W, bed lining and structures, January 1984 on the initial section Murakati Disty. KBRC 15. Completion of E/W, bed lining and structures January 1984 Ichha LBC Km 0 to 17 16. Construction of Railroad crossing bridge and September 1984 approach Chandil Res. Chart 4 Page 2 -132- 17. Construction of Masonary and main earth dam - September 1984 Ichha B. IMPLEMENTING ACTIONS: 1. 3 months to furnishing terms of reference September 30, 1982 for irrigation system operation and maintenance study - Bihar and Orissa (Sec 2.08) 2. 3 months to establishment of the Subernarekha September 30, 1982 Project Unit (SPU) - Bihar (Sec 2.06) 3. 3 months to furnishing a detailed plan for the September 30, 1982 establishment of facilities for training in development of minor Irrigation Systems and Water Management (WALMI) - Bihar and Orissa (Sec 2.07) 4. 3 months to constitution of Dam Review Panel September 30, 1982 - Bihar (Sec 2.11) 5. 3 months to furnishing of plan for development September 30, 1982 of roads during project time-slice - Bihar (Sec 3.01) 6. 6 months to completion of irrigation system June 30, 1983 improvement study - Bihar (Sec 2.09) 7. 6 months to establisment of pollution control June 30, 1983 and monitoring programme - Bihar (Sec 2.10) 8. 6 months to completion of Irrigation System June 30, 1983 Operation and Maintenance Study - Bihar and Orissa (Sec 2.08) 9. 6 months to implementation of T&V agricultural September 30, 1983 system in SIS - Bihar (Sec 3.04) 10. 3 months to constitution of a Rehabilitation Committee for Project Area - Orissa (Sec 3.05) September 30, 1983 11. Begin ongoing evaluation of rehabilitation December 31, 1983 activities - Bihar (Sec 3.02) 12. 6 months to completion of comprehensive road June 30, 1984 development plan for SIS-Bihar Chart 4 Page 3 -133- 13. 6 months to completion of socio-economic June 30, 1984 baseline survey - Bihar (Sec 2.09) 14. 6 months to completion of irrigation and June 30, 1984 drainage master plan - Orissa (Sec 2.12)  øc çi H z É ~ T 003 3z ô} \jL 4 ô0 - = 07 0 ~\. ] i m